tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hernia Repair Tested in Operating Room
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Before leaving the operating table, a patient under local anesthetic can help the surgeon check hernia repair, abdominal surgeons were advised at a recent clinical meeting. "The repair is tested by ordering the patient to cough, perform the Valsalva maneuver, and lift his head and shoulders off the operating table," Irving L. Lichtenstein, MD, told a scientific session of the Seventh Annual Clinical Congress of Abdominal Surgeons. These efforts are approximately equivalent to lifting a 75-lb weight, he said, and "early in our experience, produced unexpected frequency of suture or tissue rupture." But, he said, this can be effective in showing the surgeon, while the operation still is in progress, whether the repair is likely to hold or if more work must be done. <h3>'Without Assistance'</h3> Then, Dr. Lichtenstein said, the patient sits up, puts on slippers and robe without assistance, "and may even jump down off the table if
PROPOSED BUREAU OF MATERIA MEDICA.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: Nipun Verma, Akash Singh, Virendra Singh
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Reply: We thank Philips et al. for their interest in our study. They have raised certain concerns, which are addressed below. Philips et al. question the utility of liver regeneration (LR) with granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC). However, G‐CSF has been shown to modulate inflammation, mobilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and stimulate hepatic‐oval cells for LR.1 which also formed the principle of our study. Moreover, Kedarisetty et al.2 have already shown an improved survival with G‐CSF in DC. Second, they raised the concern of a suboptimal dosing of G‐CSF. The dose of G‐CSF used was 5 μg/kg q12h for 5 days, which is the recommended dose by the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation,3 followed by three monthly courses of 3 days, based on a previous study.4 Moreover, a single course of G‐CSF (5 μg/kg/day; 12 doses) has been shown to improve LR.2 The dose of G‐CSF, (10 mg/kg) as mentioned by the investigators, is a toxic dose and has never been reported in the literature. We did not measure the CD34+ cells at follow‐up, because it has already been deemed unnecessary and cost ineffective. Gaia et al.4 have shown that HSCs expressing hepatocyte markers are mobilized with multiple courses of G‐CSF. They also claim that the reductions in liver stiffness (liver stiffness measurement; LSM) in our study may have been biased. The baseline etiology in the table quoted does not match with the patients studied in our trial. We excluded patients with hepatitis B virus flare, active alcohol consumption, and compensated cirrhosis. Moreover, the baseline LSM in the studies referred (15‐26 kPa) was lower compared to our study (65‐66 kPa). We agree that LSM improves with the treatment of etiology. However, the etiology and treatment received were well matched in our study. The reduction in LSM with G‐CSF points to an improvement in fibrosis as shown in a previous study.5 Hence, liver biopsy was not performed, which has already been mentioned as a limitation of our study. Also, the improvement in nutritional parameters reflects the improved liver functions and disease severity scores. The control of ascites also led to improved oral intake, hence better nutrition in our patients.
Patient cooperation in taking medicines. A study involving isoniazid and aminosalicylic acid
Authors: R. K. Maddock
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Fifty patients from the outpatient clinics of the University Hospitals of Cleveland were followed up with multiple urine tests for isoniazid (INH) and aminosalicylic acid (PAS) during a six-month period to discover the extent of patient cooperation. Fifteen (30%) of 50 patients receiving isoniazid and 14 (42%) of 33 patients receiving aminosalicylic acid were uncooperative. Isoniazid and aminosalicylic acid were equally acceptable to patients who were taking both drugs; however, isoniazid was more frequently omitted by those taking both drugs than by those who took isoniazid alone. The study demonstrates the pitfalls of relying on clinic attendance, prescription pick-up data, and response to therapy in assessing patient cooperation. Because of the experience of this study and that reported in the literature, it is urged that those who evaluate drugs determine whether patients take the drug in question and restrict their study groups to those who do.
Abortion. Is it a therapeutic procedure in psychiatry?
Authors: C. V. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Forty consecutive women of lower socioeconomic status who had requested therapeutic abortion were studied psychiatrically and psychologically. Thirty were approved for abortion because continuation of pregnancy was believed to represent a substantial risk to their mental health. Twenty-two of this group were seen again in follow-up six months later. Although a mild depression was common following abortion, the majority had fewer psychiatric symtoms. Statistically significant changes in average MMPI scores confirmed the clinical impression that for most women the abortion had been therapeutic. Three of the 22 women (14%) were more disturbed when seen in follow-up, but their increased discomfort could not be related definitely to the abortion since each had a history of serious psychiatric problems prior to abortion.
A multicenter randomized phase II study of nivolumab in combination with gemcitabine/cisplatin or ipilimumab as first-line therapy for patients with advanced unresectable biliary tract cancer.
Authors: Vaibhav Sahai, Kent A. Griffith, Mark Zalupski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

TPS541 Background: Patients (pts) with advanced biliary tract cancers (BTC) have poor prognosis with a median overall survival (OS) less than 12 months. This randomized, multi-institutional, phase 2, two-arm study is designed to investigate the role of combinational immunotherapy, using nivolumab with chemotherapy (gemcitabine/cisplatin) or as dual immunotherapy (nivolumab and ipilimumab) in pts with advanced BTC. Methods: Key eligibility criteria include histologically confirmed advanced, unresectable biliary adenocarcinoma (intrahepatic or extrahepatic and gallbladder) without prior systemic treatment, measurable disease per RECISTv1.1, ECOG PS 0-1, and absence of autoimmune disease and/or chronic steroid use. Primary objective is to evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. Secondary objectives include evaluation of overall response rate (ORR), median PFS and OS and safety in this patient population. Exploratory objectives include identification of biomarker predictors of response and mechanisms of resistance through serial (before, on and post therapy) biopsies and blood collection, including sequential whole exome/transcriptomic analysis and immune cell subset analysis (tissue and blood). Arm A therapy provides gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2 , cisplatin 25 mg/m 2 on days 1, 8 with nivolumab 360 mg on day 1 every 3 weeks for 6 months. In the absence of disease progression, pts may continue single agent nivolumab for up to 2 years. Arm B therapy includes nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks for up to 2 years in absence of disease progression. Accrual goal is 32 evaluable pts per arm. Using a null hypothesis value of 59% median PFS at 6 months, and an 80% alternative hypothesis, this ongoing study has &gt; 80% power, with a one-sided alpha of 0.05 to identify treatment efficacy in one or both study arms. Clinical trial information: NCT03101566.
Cardiac Arrest
Authors: James W. Buehler
Journal: JAMA (1987)

As physicians and nurses, we are imbued with the motto "do no harm." That a colleague could intentionally harm patients is a remote concept. Such a "diagnosis" was remote from the minds of physicians and nurses in 1980, when they first noticed an increase in deaths at a children's hospital in Toronto. Yet, as a Royal Commission of Inquiry concluded four years later, at least eight, and possibly 23, children died of over-doses of digoxin during a nine-month period. In the words of the Commission's presiding justice, "On the evidence, I cannot find that any one of the deaths that I conclude or believe or suspect were caused by digoxin toxicity was the result of accident or [prescribed] medication error." <i>Cardiac Arrest</i>is a mystery with no ending, and the participants were physicians, nurses, policemen, administrators, lawyers, politicians, reporters, and families with sick children who died. From the arrest of
心理疾病在白癜风患者中的发病率:一项系统综述与元分析
Authors: O. Osinubi, M.J. Grainge, L. Hong, A. Ahmed, J.M. Batchelor, D. Grindlay, A.R. Thompson, S. Ratib
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Summary 白癜风是一种长期症状,患者的皮肤上会出现淡白色斑块。这是由于皮肤缺少黑色素(一种色素,即颜色)造成的。任何年龄、皮肤类型和性别的人都可能患上白癜风,而白癜风也可能会影响任何皮肤部位。全球每100个人中就约有1位白癜风患者。本研究的研究人员来自尼日利亚和英国。我们的研究通过查找全球发表的所有相关研究,旨在找出白癜风患者患上心理疾病(例如抑郁症和焦虑症)的普遍性如何。在从本领域内发表的29项研究中抽取数据后,我们发现,白癜风患者会经历一系列心理疾病或障碍。大约每四名白癜风患者中就有一名患有抑郁症,而每七名患者中至少有一名患有焦虑症。但是,与银屑病患者相比,白癜风患者不太可能表现出抑郁症的症状。我们还发现,有许多工具可以衡量皮肤病的心理产物(情绪的影响),而我们还需要进行更多的工作,以开发能够用于白癜风患者的工具。我们总结道,正如英国皮肤科医学会的指南所建议,在白癜风患者的临床评价过程中对心理状态进行评估是很有必要的。在对存在其他皮肤状况的患者进行临床评价时,也应重视此问题。
NEW OBJECTIVE
Authors: K.J.N. Bavidge, P.A. Borge, W.R. Burnham, R.D. Catterall, M. Catterall, N.D. Citron, J.R. Dare, K. Down, C.S. Foster, P.F. Howard, L.J. Libman, P. Mahaffey, A.C. Parsons, M. Rudolf, J.M. Smith, K. Sutherns, P.J.F. Wade, J. Wolfe, J.P. Glees, P.R.S. Tasker
Journal: The Lancet (1976)
Artificial Neural Bypass Activates Paralyzed Muscle
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 5(9) September 2008
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

In this month's Editorial, the PLoS Medicine Editors (PLoS Med e199) argue that researchers, authors, reviewers, and editors must pay more attention to non-financial conflicts of interest. Despite the imprecise and sometimes sensitive nature of non-financial competing interests, it will benefit academic communities and journals if a better understanding of their extent and impact is established; if disclosure on the part of authors, reviewers, and editors is required; and if journals and publishers develop clear publication policies on non-financial ("private") competing interests. Image Credit: Image by Maryam S. at flickr.com
The Pensacola Board of Health.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P097: Endothelial Overexpression of <i>LOX-1</i> Decreases Arterial Thrombosis and TF Expression in Vivo <i>:</i> Role of SIRT-1 and NFκB
Authors: Alexander Akhmedov, Giovani G Camici, Simona Stivala, Erik W Holy, Alexander Breitenstein, Christine Lohmann, Juerg-Hans Beer, Christian M Matter, Thomas F Luescher
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Background -The hallmark of the initiation of atherosclerotic lesion is foam cell formation, and oxidized LDL (OxLDL) is believed to play a key role in the initiation of the atherosclerotic process. OxLDL is internalized by several receptors, such as SR-AI/II, SR-BI, CD36, and CD68. OxLDL is also internalized by endothelial cells, but this uptake depends on receptors other than the classic scavenger receptors. In 1997, a lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1, OLR1) was identified in bovine aortic endothelial cells. LOX- 1 is a type II membrane glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 50 kDa. It has a C-terminal extracellular C-type lectin-like domain. This lectin-like domain is essential for binding to OxLDL. Binding of OxLDL to LOX-1 induces several cellular events in endothelial cells, such as activation of transcription factor NF-kB, upregulation of MCP-1, and reduction in intracellular NO, which may trigger the onset of cardiovascular events or accelerate the development of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results - We generated endothelial-specific LOX-1 transgenic mice using the Tie2 promoter ( LOX-1TG ). 12-week-old male LOX-1TG and wild-type (WT) mice were applied for carotid artery thrombosis model. LOX-1TG mice developed carotid artery thrombosis within a mean occlusion time of 36.96±4.83 min, while WT control mice occluded within a mean time period of 22.75±3.87 min (n=10, P &lt; 0.05). Initial blood flow in carotid artery did not differ between both groups of mice. Decreased occlusion time was in LOX-1TG mice vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin expression, macrophage accumulation and aortic fatty streaks were increased, while eNOS phosphorylation and endothelial function were reduced. In endothelial cells of LOX-1TG mice, reactive oxygen species were increased and the transcription factors NF-κB and Oct-1 activated. In atherosclerotic LOX-1TG/ApoE −/− mice,high cholesterol diet increased VCAM-1 expression, number of macrophages, T-cells as well as plaque size. Conclusions -Thus, our data suggest that LOX-1 plays a protective role in the arterial thrombosis when expressed at unphysiological levels. Therefore, LOX-1 might represent a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
Noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Robert J. Fontana, Anna S. F. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatic fibrosis is the main determinant of clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis C. Liver histology is frequently considered the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis. However, liver biopsy is associated with sampling error, interobserver variability, and potential complications. Thus, there is a need for simple, inexpensive, and reliable noninvasive means to assess disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinical examination is unreliable in differentiating different stages of compensated liver disease. Among the routine laboratory tests, decreased platelet count, increase in the ratio of aspartate to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), and prolonged prothrombin time are the earliest indicators of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Individual serum fibrosis markers have limited accuracy in predicting hepatic fibrosis. Indices composed of a panel of markers correlate better with histological fibrosis, but their reliability requires further validation. Currently, noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C relies on clinical evaluation, routine laboratory tests, and ultrasound and endoscopic surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Initial evaluation should focus on assessment of activity and stage of liver disease for prognostication and decisions regarding treatment, and to rule out coinfections and other causes of liver disease. Subsequent follow-up should focus on detection of liver disease progression and the need for treatment. The frequency of monitoring and the tests used will depend on the patient’s age, stage of liver disease, and comorbid conditions. There is an urgent need to develop and validate noninvasive tests that can accurately reflect the full spectrum of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. (Hepatology 2002;36:S57-S64).
Human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus and adult T-cell leukemia
Authors: W. A. Blattner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE ISOLATION and characterization of the human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus (HTLV)<sup>1-5</sup>and its relationship to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL)<sup>6-8</sup>represent the remarkable convergence of scientific discoveries made half a world apart. The discovery of HTLV represents the culmination of a search for a true human retrovirus (type C virus) that dates back more than 50 years. Almost simultaneous to this breakthrough was the remarkable recognition of a distinctive clinicopathologic entity, ATL.<sup>9-11</sup>The molecular and clinical studies summarized in this review represent a scientific tale of two cities, Bethesda, Md, and Kyoto, Japan. <h3>HTLV: A Prototype Human Retrovirus</h3> In numerous animal species, naturally occurring leukemias or lymphomas are caused by retroviruses (also known as type C viruses, RNA tumor viruses, leukemia viruses).<sup>12-14</sup>This class of virus is characterized by a replication cycle requiring integration of the viral genetic material in the form of a provirus into host
International Medical Congress, Berlin, 1890.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nervous System Degeneration Produced by Acrylamide Monomer
Authors: Peter S. Spencer, Herbert H. Schaumburg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Acrylamide, widely employed as a vinyl monomer in the polymer industry, is a potent neurotoxin to man and to animals. The cumulative effect of prolonged, low-level exposure to acrylamide monomer is the insidious development of a progressive peripheral neuropathy. Sensory symptoms begin in the hands and feet (numbness, pins and needles), certain reflexes are lost and, with severe exposure, muscle weakness and atrophy occur in the extremities. The peripheral neuropathy may be supplemented by symptoms indicative of central nervous system damage (ataxia, tremor, somnolence and mental changes). The neuropathologic basis for this clinical picture has been determined in cats. Here, chronic acrylamide intoxication produces selective peripheral and central nerve fiber degeneration. Degeneration first occurs in the extremities of long and large nerve fibers which later undergo a progressive, seriate proximal axonal degeneration known as dying-back. Especially vulnerable are sensory axons supplying Pacinian corpuscles and muscle spindles in the hindfoot toepads, while adjacent motor nerve axons die back later. Distal central nerve fiber degeneration is seen in the medulla and the cerebellum. The neurotoxic property of acrylamide is of practical concern in two areas. One major problem is the protection of factory workers engaged in the manufacture of acrylamide. A sensitive test of neurologic function in these individuals, i.e., touch sensation, based on the experimental observation of the exquisite vulnerability of Pacinian corpuscles in acrylamide intoxicated cats, is presently under consideration. The second area for concern is the exposure of the populace to minute amounts of neurotoxic acrylamide monomer which contaminate acrylamide polymers currently deployed in the environment. Federal restrictions on the maximum permitted exposure to acrylamide, based on a largely clinical study of acrylamide neurotoxicity conducted ten years ago, may require a re-evaluation in the light of recent advances which have pinpointed the initial sites of nerve fiber degeneration.