tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A selective historical review of congener-specific human tissue measurements as sensitive and specific biomarkers of exposure to dioxins and related compounds.
Authors: A Schecter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Estimating internal exposure or dose of dioxins and related chemicals such as dibenzofurans and dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls is relatively straightforward in laboratory animals because a known dose is given and the amount absorbed can be measured. In wildlife, direct tissue measurement and measurement of environmental samples have both recently been used to estimate exposure. Until recently, human studies used only indirect indicators such as skin lesions to qualitatively estimate exposure to these chlorinated organic compounds. Environmental measurements have also sometimes been used to estimate human exposure. Dioxins in human tissue were not measured until the 1970s, when 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was measured in mothers' milk; congener-specific measurement of dioxins and dibenzofurans in tissues (blood, milk, and adipose tissue) of the general population and exposed workers was first performed in the United States in the 1980s. Measurement in a sensitive and specific fashion of the 17 toxic dioxin and dibenzofuran congeners currently found in human tissue from industrial countries began in the 1980s. The use of known chemical standards, capillary columns, high resolution gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has now become relatively common. GC-MS analysis of blood is currently accepted as the gold standard for estimating human exposure to dioxins. However, analyses are still costly and time consuming, and worldwide there are few qualified laboratories. There is currently a lack of knowledge concerning kinetics at higher and lower exposure levels for most of the toxic dioxin congeners and of levels in target tissues of concern.
Dystonia
Authors: Daniel Tarsy, David K. Simon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Dystonia is a movement disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, repetitive twisting movements, and abnormal postures of the trunk, neck, face, or arms and legs. Dystonia is often confused with spasticity or rigidity and is even mistakenly attributed to psychogenic causes. This review covers recent advances in the causes and treatment of both primary and secondary dystonias, including those that are drug-induced, related to acquired brain lesions, or part of heredodegenerative syndromes.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: George A. Knaysi
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Forty-five patients with hidradenitis suppurativa underwent 83 surgical procedures at the Presbyterian Hospital. Seventy operations were performed on the axillary region. The procedures employed were either simple excision of the diseased area with primary closure, or total excision of the hair bearing area with split thickness skin graft or flap coverage. The lowest recurrence and complication rates were obtained following total excision of the hair bearing area with split thickness skin graft coverage. The disease was treated in other body regions also.
Vitamin D receptor–retinoid X receptor heterodimer signaling regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation
Authors: Alerie Guzman de la Fuente, Oihana Errea, Peter van Wijngaarden, Ginez A. Gonzalez, Christophe Kerninon, Andrew A. Jarjour, Hilary J. Lewis, Clare A. Jones, Brahim Nait-Oumesmar, Chao Zhao, Jeffrey K. Huang, Charles ffrench-Constant, Robin J.M. Franklin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)
Anomalous Nonidentity between Salmonella Genotoxicants and Rodent Carcinogens: Nongenotoxic Carcinogens and Genotoxic Noncarcinogens
Authors: Kunie Yoshikawa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

According to current data, the capacity to cause nonprogrammed or unscheduled cell proliferation in target tissues, a common characteristic of chemical carcinogens, may play a more important role in the development of tumors than does genotoxicity. This paper provides strong support for the validity of this conclusion. Ames-negative nongenotoxicants may be considered to be carcinogenic primarily because of their ability to induce cell proliferation in animal tissues and organs. In addition, such nongenotoxic carcinogens may also provide latent and modest DNA (equivocal) modifications that never lead to Ames-positive events. Conversely, noncarcinogenesis by Ames-positive agents is likely to be linked to a lack of stimulation of cell division. Nongenotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens rely on both cell proliferation and equivocal DNA modification for their full carcinogenicity. Such equivocal DNA modifications do not appear to be formed by tumor promoters. The role of cell proliferation may provide a favorable milieu for the occurrence of genetic instability, give rise to selective "apoptosis-resistant abnormal cells," and then affect clonal expansion of these cells. Therefore, understanding the influence of nongenotoxic and genotoxic carcinogens on cell proliferation capability is a key point in determining the mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. Considering the contradictory and common features of genotoxicants and carcinogens, early detection of nonprogrammed cell proliferation is the most effective approach to predict human and rodent carcinogenicity.
Who are the peer reviewers and how much do they review?
Authors: A. Yankauer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To assess the nature and work load of reviewers for the<i>American Journal of Public Health</i>, I surveyed a sample of 276 reviewers in the latter half of 1988, with a 96% response rate. Respondents reported reviewing papers for 274 other journals in 1987, 81% of which were monitored by the<i>Science Citation Index or the Social Science Citation Index</i>. They reviewed most often for<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>(27%), the<i>American Journal of Epidemiology</i>(26%), and the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>(23%). The median number of journals for which they reviewed was 3.6, the median of their estimated review time was 2.7 hours, and the weighted average review time (adjusted for number of reviews) was 2.4 hours. The range of review time was broad and inversely related to the number of papers reviewed. Respondents donated an estimated 3360 hours of uncompensated labor to the<i>American Journal of Public Health</i>in 1987, and a total of 6439 hours (26.8 hours per reviewer) to reviewing for all journals. Of the reviewers for the<i>American Journal of Public Health</i>, only 31% were not listed as an author of a source publication in the 1987<i>Science Citation Index</i>and only 15% were not cited. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1338-1340)
Comparison of the antitumor activity of thalidomide between hepatitis B (HBV)- and hepatitis C (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: C. Hsu, L.-T. Chen, M.-Y. Lai, K.-H. Yeh, P.-H. Lee, A.-L. Cheng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4198 Background: Previous studies suggested that chronic HCV infection may be more angiogenic than chronic HBV infection. In this study we sought to clarify if HCV- and HBV-related HCC may respond differently to thalidomide, an anti-angiogenic agent. Methods: One hundred and twelve patients with unresectable and non-embolizable HCC who had participated in 2 prospective clinical trials using single-agent thalidomide. The starting dose of thalidomide was 200 mg per day, and was gradually escalated in 100-mg steps if no limiting toxicities developed. Patients with positive serum HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and negative anti-HCV antibody were categorized as HBV-related HCC (B-HCC, n=61), while patients with negative HBsAg and positive anti-HCV were categorized as HCV-related HCC (C-HCC, n=33). Response to thalidomide was defined by either (1) a complete or partial response according to WHO criteria or (2) a more than 50% decrease of serum α-fetoprotein level accompanied by clinically stable or improved condition lasting for more than 8 weeks for patients with elevated α-fetoprotein level. Results: All major clinicopathological features were comparable between the 2 groups except for age (C-HCC, 67.5 ± 7.6 years; B-HCC, 53.6 ± 13.7 years, p< 0.001). Eight patients with B-HCC and 9 patients with C-HCC responded to thalidomide treatment. The total response rate to thalidomide was 13.1% (95% C.I. 4.4 to 21.8%) for B-HCC and 27.3% (95% C.I. 11.2 to 43.3%) for C-HCC (p=0.09). Patients with C-HCC appeared to have better median time to disease progression (14.1 weeks vs. 8.3 weeks, p=0.03) and overall survival (32.6 weeks vs. 21.4 weeks, p=0.08) than patients with B-HCC. In multivariate analysis, staging (CLIP score), performance status and types of viral infection were independent predictors for overall survival (p<0.01), while only types of viral infection was independent predictor for time to disease progression (p=0.027). Conclusions: There is a trend favoring better anti-tumor activity of thalidomide in patients with HCV-related HCC. Whether this result is related to angiogenesis inhibition remains to be determined. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
在中欧，哪些接触性过敏原很重要？
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

这项来自德国的研究提供了目前接触性变态反应流行的最新情况。它描述了在德国、奥地利和瑞士就诊的患者的斑贴试验结果、临床详情和人口统计。在 2007‐2018 年期间，125436 名患者接受了德国基线系列的测试。
THE FUNCTION OF THE PROSTATE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROHIBITION AND THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Table of Contents
Authors: Stergios Polyzos, Jannis Kountouras, Christos Mantzoros, Anand Vaidya, Jonathan Williams, Mirella Hage, Ibrahim Salti, Ghada El, Hajj Fuleihan, Zoltán Szilvássy, Joseph Németh, Péter Kovács, György Paragh, Réka Sári, László Vígh, Barna Peitl, Subin Park, Min-Seon Kim, Churl Namkoong, Min-Hyeon Park, Jin Hong, Chuanlong Zong, Guohua Song, Shutong Yao, Luqin Li, Yang Yu, Lei Feng, Shoudong Guo, Tian Luo, Shucun Qin, Marc Tuazon, Gregory Henderson, Esther Fuente-Martín, Miriam Granado, Cristina García-Cáceres, Miguel Sanchez-Garrido, Laura Frago, Manuel Tena-Sempere, Jesús Argente, Julie Chowen, Guoping Li, Antonio Hernandez-Ono, Rosanne Crooke, Mark Graham, Henry Ginsberg, Qianming Bai, Xin Zhang, Leyuan Xu, Genta Kakiyama, Douglas Heuman, Arun Sanyal, William Pandak, Lianhua Yin, Wen Xie, Shunlin Ren
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
The Ship-Surgeon's Handbook.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of digitalis in general practice. Liverpool Therapeutics Group.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A study, which arose out of a general-practitioner teaching programme in clinical pharmacology, was designed to assess the use of digitalis in 391 patients in general practice. Clinical, biochemical, and pharmacological data were used to assess whether digitalis treatment should be discontinued (89 patients; 22.8%); the dose kept unchanged (47; 12%); or the dose increased (47; 12%) or decreased (24; 6.1%). Serum concentrations of cardiac glycoside were below a defined therapeutic range in 159 patients (40.7%), above this range in 37 (9.7%), and within the range in 195 (49.3%). Studies of this kind may help to promote a more critical attitude to prescribing widely used drugs such as digitalis.
Proctologic problems in children
Authors: T. C. Arminski
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In a study of 700 children with anorectal complaints, anal stenosis, redundant rectal mucosa, fissures, fistula in ano, cryptitis, colitis, and polyps were diagnosed in all but 20%. In this 20%, two thirds of whom were seen for constipation, no organic cause for the complaint could be found. An anorectal examination should be a part of every physical examination of the newborn, infant, and child. Careful examination of the distal bowel is indicated in all instances of gastrointestinal complaints. All too often, many of these infants and children are treated for intestinal colic, milk allergy, and emotional problems when definite pathological abnormality amenable to correct treatment was present.
Stereotactic Cryohypophysectomy
Authors: R. W. Rand, A. M. Dashe, D. E. Paglia, L. W. Conway, D. H. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1964)

In a series of 19 patients who have undergone stereotactic transsphenoidal cryohypophysectomy, 13 were suffering from metastatic mammary cancer, 4 from severe progressive diabetic retinopathy, 1 from pituitary basophilism (Cushing's disease), and 1 from acromegaly. Clinical hypophysectomy requires symmetrical cryogenic lesions, at least two in each lateral lobe of the pituitary gland, at temperatures of —170 to —184 C for 10 to 15 minutes. Serious complications such as cranial nerve palsies, cerebrospinal rhinorrhea, or meningitis have not been encountered.
Diagnosis and treatment of Reye's syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Gene-Environment Interactions with Venous Thromboembolism (VTE): A Merged/Imputed Genome-Wide Scan/Candidate-Gene Case-Control Study
Authors: John A. Heit, Sebastian M. Armasu, Martha E. Matsumoto, Tanya M. Petterson, David N. Rider, Julie M. Cunningham, Yan W. Asmann, Mariza de Andrade
Journal: Blood (2011)
Impact of taxanes in association with anthracyclines in 1st line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer (MBC): Comprehensive review of 2805 patients in 7 phase III trials
Authors: E. Bria, C. Nisticò, F. Cuppone, D. Giannarelli, E. Terzoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

659 Background: The real advantage of taxanes in adjunction to antracycline-based chemotherapy in 1st line MBC is still unclear. We performed a comprehensive review (not a meta-analysis) (Simes, Stat Med 1987) including all phase III trials of 1st line chemotherapy for MBC, to look if the combination of antracyclines (doxo- or epi-rubicin) plus taxanes (paclitaxel or docetaxel) (AT) adds some benefit over standard antracicline-based regimen (AnonT) in activity and efficacy. Methods: We included phase III (prospective and randomized) published or presented at ASCO, ESMO/ECCO between 2000 and 2003; randomized phase II were excluded. Analysis was accomplished to look at significant differences in 1) time to progression (TTP); 2) overall response rate (ORR); 3) overall survival (OS) 4) complete response rate (CR) and 5) WHO G3–4 per patient toxicity (neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, FN, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity). For these analyses, ratios (HR and RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were derived. Results: We gathered 7 trials (3 published and 4 presented) which account overall 2806 patients (pts). Pts characteristics were similar within each trial. When AT and AnonT were pooled and compared, significant differences were seen in ORR (HR 1,36, 95% CI 1,07–1,36; data on 2805 pts), CR (RR 2,04, 95% CI 1,13–3,68; data on 2100 pts), neutropenia (RR 1,19, 95% CI 1,09–1,31; data on 2805 pts), FN (RR 2,82, 95% CI 1,01–7,84; data on 2100 pts), neurotoxicity (RR 13,2, 95% CI 1,51–114,98; data on 1892 pts). A borderline significance in favor of AT were present in TTP (HR 1,10, 95% CI 1,00–1,21; data on 2805 pts). Not significant trend in favor of AT were seen in OS (HR 1,05, 95% CI 0,90–1,22; data on 2376 pts), and cardiotoxicity (RR 3,48, 95% CI 0,68–17,72; data on 1884 pts). Conclusions: The adjunction of taxanes to antracyclines in 1st line chemotherapy for MBC pts seems to add a significant benefit in activity (ORR, CR), and a slight advantage in TTP versus standard comparator arm. OS didn't seem significantly greater. Neutropenia, FN and neurotoxicity are significantly higher. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Female cybercadaver goes on-line; male counterpart gets a workout
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

ONE YEAR after his debut on the Internet, the Visible Human Male met more than his match when the Visible Human Female was unveiled at the 81st Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago, Ill. Her debut marked the completion of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Visible Human Project and showed how rapidly the technology used to create these cyberspace cadavers is advancing. The Visible Human Male and Female are databases consisting of billions of bytes of data that represent thousands of images of two human cadavers. The images were created using radiological and photographic techniques developed at the University of Colorado School of Medicine's Center for Human Simulation, Denver (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:273-275). Clinicians, researchers, educators, and other users can download the virtual cadavers from the Internet. Even though her partner had a good head start, the Visible Human Female already is outshining
DeVita Leaves NCI For Memorial Hospital
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

Journal Article DeVita Leaves NCI For Memorial Hospital Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 13, 7 September 1988, Page 986, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.13.986 Published: 07 September 1988
Impact of correcting peak flow for nonlinear errors on air pollutant effect estimates from a panel study
Authors: D.J. Ward, M.R. Miller, S Walters, R.m Harrison, J.G. Ayres
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Air pollutant effects are commonly investigated using panel studies employing daily measurement of changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF). Variable orifice PEF meters are inaccurate with a nonlinear relationship to actual PEF. The impact on a panel study of correcting these errors was examined. Twice-daily PEF readings were taken by 147 9-yr old children for 8 weeks and corrected using an equation derived from the response of 32 Vitalograph meters to a servomechanism-controlled pump. Pollutant effect estimates for corrected and uncorrected readings were derived using a regression approach incorporating appropriate confounders. Correction impacted little on mean PEF values (333.1-334.2 L x min(-1)), but did alter effect sizes. Nonsignificant nitrogen dioxide estimates for the entire panel decreased by up to 73%, but, for symptomatic/atopic children, a significant 5-day mean result was lost (decrease in effect size from -2.53 to -0.90% per 10 parts per billion (ppb)) and lag 0 became significant (decrease from -0.51 to -1.22% per 10 ppb). Mass concentration estimates of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microm moved in both directions (-0.22 changed to 0.11% per 10 microg x m(-1) lag 3 and -0.29 to -0.73% per 10 microg x m(-3) for the 5-day mean). Correction of nonlinearity of peak expiratory flow meters influenced the overall outcome of this panel study, and the changes in effect estimates would be sufficient to alter the interpretation of some studies. For adults, a greater change in effect estimates may follow the larger correction required for their usual peak expiratory flow range.