tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implantation of an artificial pancreas. Current perspectives
Authors: D. S. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1981)

DURING the 1970s, implantation of an artificial pancreas as a potential cure for diabetes received much publicity. Recently, successful diabetic treatment with explanted insulin delivery devices<sup>1</sup>has accelerated efforts toward total implantation. Despite this enthusiasm, the clinical timetable for implantation in diabetic humans is unresolved. Both our group and others have successfully implanted dogs with insulin delivery systems for periods ranging from weeks to months.<sup>2,3</sup>Advances in technology of insulin delivery systems have been so rapid that within months, remotely controlled implantable insulin delivery devices will be available to many investigators, including ourselves. With more than 5 million diabetic patients in this country, should widespread, clinical implantation of these devices begin immediately? The answer to this question relates to the benefits vs the risks of implantation. Loss of endocrine pancreatic function (ie, insulin secretion) does not result in death, as occurs with the loss of kidney or cardiac function.
Factor 8 concentrates in outpatient therapy
Authors: C. M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two factor VIII concentrates, Courtland and Hemofil, were evaluated during 64 courses of therapy in 26 classic hemophiliacs who were outpatients. When adequate factor VIII levels were achieved, clinical responses were good with both products. However, in vivo recovery and half-life with Courtland were substantially greater than that found with Hemofil. This experience suggests that Hemofil may be less useful for treatment of the ambulatory patient, and that factor VIII concentrates must be evaluated individually prior to their administration to outpatients.
Circinate Balanitis
Authors: Ana Pulido-Perez, Ricardo Suarez-Fernandez
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

A 37-year-old man presented with genital lesions, weight loss, and back pain, preceded 2 months earlier by dysuria and urethral discharge that had resolved. Examination revealed erythematous, annular plaques on the glans penis, and meatal inflammation.
Society Proceedings
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health Effects of the Gas-Aerosol Complex: Report to Special Committee on Health and Ecological Effects of Increased Coal Utilization
Authors: Bernard D. Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Combustion products derived from the burning of coal are definitely capable of producing adverse human health effects.No single component of the combustion product mixture is solely responsible.Rather, effects are due to a group of compounds, both gases and aerosols, in the effluents of stationary source combustion processes.Although incompletely defined, the individual components of the gas-aerosol complex appear to be capable ofinteracting both in terms of atmospheric chemistry and health effects.The three primary air quality standards pertinent to regulating coal combustion all represent to some extent indirect, although reasonable, measures of this gas-aerosol complex.As a group, these standards appear to be adequate to protect human health.Conventional toxicological considerations suggest that the adverse health effects of any necessary increase in coal combustion effluents would be greatest per unit of coal in those areas which are most heavily populated and have the highest preexisting levels of the gas-aerosol complex.In order to decrease the degree of uncertainty for future decisions of this type, it is important that prospective epideniological and air monitoring studies be initiated in conjunction with any large scale introduction of coal use.
PAM
Authors: M. G. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1959)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Flower sepals are critical for flower development and vary greatly in lifespan depending on their function postpollination. However, very little is known on what controls sepal longevity. Using a sepal senescence mutant screen, we directly connected strigolactones (SL) with sepal longevity. We identified two <i>Arabidopsis</i> mutants that harbour novel mutations in the SL biosynthetic gene <i>MORE AXILLARY GROWTH1</i> (<i>MAX1</i>) and receptor <i>DWARF14</i> (<i>AtD14</i>). The mutation in <i>AtD14</i> caused a substitution of the catalytic Ser-97 to Phe in the enzyme active site. The lesion in <i>MAX1</i> changed a highly conserved Gly-469 to Arg in the haem-iron ligand signature of the cytochrome P450 protein, which caused loss-of-function of MAX1. nCounter-based transcriptional analysis suggested an interaction between SL and sugar signalling in controlling dark-induced inflorescence senescence. The results uncover an important function for SL in regulating floral organ senescence in addition to its other diverse functions in plant development and stress response. <h3>One-sentence summary</h3> Two novel mutants in the strigolactone pathway demonstrate a role for the hormone in sepal senescence, and transcriptional analysis highlights interaction between strigolactones and sugar signalling.
Chelation of Cadmium without Increased Renal Cadmium Deposition
Authors: M. George Cherian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Cadmium (Cd) is mainly accumulated in liver and kidney bound to metallothionein (MT) and excreted very slowly from the body. In chronic exposure, Cd is gradually transported from liver to kidney; the renal toxic effects appear when renal Cd concentration exceeds the critical concentration. In order to prevent the Cd-induced renal disease, it is important to control the movement of Cd to the kidney and its renal deposition. However, the chelation of Cd from liver is difficult because of the high affinity of intracellular MT for Cd. A number of chelating agents containing both carboxyl and thiol groups were able to mobilize and excrete Cd more easily in a short time (1/2 hr) after Cd exposure than longer times (24 hr), after MT synthesis. The renal deposition of Cd increased on BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) treatment a short time (1/2 hr) after Cd exposure. However, it was observed that if BAL was administered 24 hr after Cd exposure, it could mobilize Cd from hepatic MT and increase the biliary excretion of Cd without any increase in renal Cd concentration. Studies using a number of structurally related thiols (mono-, di- and trithiols) showed that the major structural requirement for in vivo chelation of Cd from intracellular MT were the vicinal thiol groups on an aliphatic chain, and lipophilicity. BAL was the most effective of all the compounds studied and it did not mobilize Cd to the kidney, when most of the intracellular Cd was bound to MT. Furthermore, a delayed treatment with BAL or DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) after synthesis of MT resulted in an increase in fecal or urinary excretion of Cd in rat model experiment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rechallenge with crystalline niacin after drug-induced hepatitis from sustained-release niacin
Authors: Y. Henkin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Niacin (nicotinic acid) is available in several forms, including crystalline preparations and various types of sustained-release preparations. Evidence exists that sustained-release niacin, with respect to both dosage and severity, is more hepatotoxic than crystalline niacin. Three patients who developed hepatitis during treatment with sustained-release niacin were rechallenged with equivalent or higher doses of crystalline niacin, with no evidence of recurring hepatocellular damage. Although the mechanism for niacin-induced hepatitis is unknown, these cases support previous observations that crystalline niacin may be less hepatotoxic than sustained-release preparations in certain patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:241-243)
Relation Between Blood Glucose and Coronary Mortality Over 33 Years in the Whitehall Study
Authors: E. J. Brunner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Glucose intolerance is a risk factor for coronary disease, but there is uncertainty about the shape of the dose-response relationship between glucose level and risk of coronary mortality. We examined the prospective relation of 2-h postload blood glucose (2hBG) with coronary and other major causes of mortality over 33 years.
Improvement of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Ambulatory type I diabetics treated with the subcutaneous insulin pump
Authors: J. M. Falko
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Twelve ambulatory patients (six women and six men; mean age, 29 years) with type I diabetes were treated with a continuous subcutaneous open-loop insulin pump in an attempt to effect better glucose control. Hemoglobin A<sub>1</sub>, mean blood glucose, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and the cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were assessed monthly before and after glucoregulation from five to 14 months (mean, nine months). Mean HDL-C levels increased significantly (52±4 to 60±5 mg/dL); mean cholesterol/HDL-C ratios decreased significantly (4.46±0.43 to 3.89±0.39). Mean values for triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-C, all initially normal, did not change. Both mean Hb A<sub>1</sub>levels and glucose levels fell from 11.2%±0.5% to 9.8%±0.5% and 177±15 mg/dL to 128±12 mg/dL, respectively. Insulin requirements decreased from 0.80±0.08 to 0.61±0.05 units/ kg/24 hr. These results may favorably alter the prediction for development of accelerated atherosclerosis in type I diabetics. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:37-39)
Hypertrophic infiltrative tendinitis (HIT syndrome) of the long extensor. The abused karate hand
Authors: R. C. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Hypertrophic infiltrative tendinitis (HIT syndrome) with entrapment of the long extensor tendon at the metacarpophalangeal joint occurred in an avid karate player. This syndrome is similar to trigger finger and Quervain's disease. Surgical release of this tendon was necessary. Since karate is one of the fastest growing sports in this country, the incidence of similar pathological states will probably increase and should be recognized.
Senile Cataract: Methods of Operating.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: I Ben-Dov, E Bar-Yishay, S Godfrey
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Exercse-induced asthma without respiratory heat loss SIR,-We read with interest the case report by Dr I Ben- Dov and colleagues entitled "Exercise-induced asthma without respiratory heat loss" (August 1982, p 630).Their observations are consistent with our own data' showing that bronchoconstriction occurs without respiratory heat loss in patients breathing ultrasonically nebulised distilled water, even if tidal breathing alone is employed.We believe that this response is directly related to the inhalation of water in the form of droplets, and we would suggest that this rather than exercise was the stimulus to bronchoconstriction under the humidified conditions used by these authors.Previous work has shown that isotonic saline does not provoke bronchoconstriction,2 and the tonicity of inhaled fluids may have important implications for the variation in response to exercise under different climatic conditions.
Effects of Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) on Immune Response in Rodents
Authors: Michael I. Luster, Robert E. Faith, John A. Moore
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Studies were performed to investigate the effects of FireMaster FF-1, a chemical fire retardant consisting of a mixture of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), on immune functions in mice and rats. Animals received 22 daily treatments of 0.03, 0.3, 3.0, or 30 mg PBB/kg body weight in a period covering 30 days. PBB exposure severely depressed cell mediated immunity in both mice and rats at the higher dosage levels as indicated by depressed responsiveness of splenic lymphocytes to mitogenic stimulation by polyclonal T-cell activators. Additionally, humoral immunity was depressed in mice at the 30.0 ppm dosage level. Assays for humoral immune functions included antibody production, serum immunoglobulin levels, and mitogenic stimulation of splenic lymphocytes to a polyclonal B-cell activator. These studies indicate that PBB exposure can lead to suppression of both humoral and particularly cell-mediated immune responses.
Health care priority and sickle cell anemia
Authors: R. B. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Health care priority for sickle cell anemia (SCA) should be based on its prevalence, severity, and on a standard of support set for similar conditions. Sickle cell anemia occurs in about one in 500 Negro births and median survival is still only 20 years of age. In 1967 there were an estimated 1,155 new cases of SCA, 1,206 of cystic fibrosis, 813 of muscular dystrophy, and 350 of phenylketonuria. Yet volunteer organizations raised $1.9 million for cystic fibrosis, $7.9 million for muscular dystrophy, but less than $100,000 for SCA. National Institutes of Health grants for many less common hereditary illnesses exceed those for SCA. Prevalence data in cities with sizeable black populations show that SCA is a major public health consideration. More appropriate priority for SCA depends on improved public and professional understanding of its importance.
Inebriety or Narcomania; Its Etiology, Pathology, Treatment and Jurisprudence.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2013)

In a systematic analysis of the epidemiology of 291 diseases and injuries, their sequelae, and associated risk factors, the US Burden of Disease Collaborators assessed the health status of the US population in 2010, determined changes in health status from 1990 to 2010, and compared US population health with population health in 34 other wealthy nations.Among the investigators' findings were that from 1990 to 2010, life expectancy at birth and healthy life expectancy increased, rates of all-cause mortality at all ages decreased, and age-specific rates of years lived with disability remained stable in the United States.However, improvements in population health in the United States have not kept pace with those in other wealthy nations.In an Editorial, Fineberg discusses strengths and limitations of the study and its potential to advance understanding of population health status in the United States.
Exposure to Chlorine Gas
Authors: Harold H. Gay
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Exposure to chlorine gas will produce varying responses depending upon the severity of exposure. Cases may be classified as follows: Mild.—Minimal sensation of burning of mucous membranes of nose, mouth, throat, and perhaps of the eyes is present. There may be a slight cough. No treatment is necessary and the symptoms will clear within a few minutes to an hour. Moderate.—Immediate, severe irritation of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, and eyes is accompanied by a distressing, sometimes paroxysmal, cough. Anxiety is usually present. Except for a few rales, physical examination is otherwise normal. X-ray of the lungs is negative. Treatment consists of having the patient lie down with his head and shoulders elevated. Oxygen should be administered in periods of a few minutes at a time until the cough and anxiety are relieved. A sedative cough syrup is useful. Often a bronchodilator administered by nebulizer
Obesity-Linked Variants of Melanocortin-4 Receptor Are Misfolded in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Can Be Rescued to the Cell Surface by a Chemical Chaperone
Authors: Susana Granell, Sameer Mohammad, Ramanagouda Ramanagoudr-Bhojappa, Giulia Baldini
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Abstract Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a G protein-coupled receptor expressed in the brain where it controls food intake. Many obesity-linked MC4R variants are poorly expressed at the plasma membrane and are retained intracellularly. We have studied the intracellular localization of four obesity-linked MC4R variants, P78L, R165W, I316S, and I317T, in immortalized neurons. We find that these variants are all retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), are ubiquitinated to a greater extent than the wild-type (wt) receptor, and induce ER stress with increased levels of ER chaperones as compared with wt-MC4R and appearance of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein. Expression of the X-box-binding-protein-1 with selective activation of a protective branch of the unfolded protein response did not have any effect on the cell surface expression of MC4R-I316S. Conversely, the pharmacological chaperone 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA) increased the cell surface expression of wt-MC4R, MC4R-I316S, and I317T by more than 40%. PBA decreased ubiquitination of MC4R-I316S and prevented ER stress induced by expression of the mutant, suggesting that the drug functions to promote MC4R folding. MC4R-I316S rescued to the cell surface is functional, with a 52% increase in agonist-induced cAMP production, as compared with untreated cells. Also direct inhibition of wt-MC4R and MC4R-I316S ubiquitination by a specific inhibitor of the ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1 increased by approximately 40% the expression of the receptors at the cell surface, and the effects of PBA and ubiquitin-activating enzyme 1 were additive. These data offer a cell-based rationale that drugs that improve MC4R folding or decrease ER-associated degradation of the receptor may function to treat some forms of hereditary obesity.
Diagnosis of cholestatic jaundice
Authors: Luke K. LiCalzi, Edward H. Storer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although we agree with Fischer et al that the differentiation of hepatocellular from extrahepatic obstructive (surgical) jaundice is greatly facilitated by ultrasonography and liver biopsy, we disagree on the subsequent approach to the patient with "surgical" jaundice. The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in a patient with jaundice is of a different nature than the diagnosis of the same disease in a nonicteric patient. The patient with jaundice and dilated biliary ducts will require either surgical or radiological decompression. The use of multiple preoperative investigations outside of ultrasonography to detect the presence of gallstones, dilated biliary ducts, or both and PTC to determine the level of the obstruction is unwarranted in operative candidates. Furthermore, temporary or permanent percutaneous catheter drainage of the bile ducts is possible only via PTC and not ERCP, and such drainage in severly jaundiced patients has been shown to lower operative mortality.<sup>1</sup>Since
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF MYOCARDIAL INVOLVEMENT IN RHEUMATIC FEVER
Authors: Alfred E. Cohn, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

In Vol. xxxix, No. 1, Plate 2, Columns 1 and 2, now headed by the captions Lead I and Lead II respectively, should be interchanged. The electrocardiograms in Column 1 are Lead II; those in Column 1 are Lead I.
Prevalence of recent cocaine use among motor vehicle fatalities in New York City
Authors: P. M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We determined the prevalence of recent cocaine and alcohol use among motor vehicle fatalities occurring in New York, NY, from 1984 through 1987. Recent cocaine use was detected at autopsy in 18.2% of the sample and no significant difference between drivers (20.0%) and passengers (13.9%) was found. Both alcohol and cocaine metabolites were found in 10.0% of cases tested. The prevalence of cocaine metabolites or alcohol detected in driver fatalities aged 16 through 45 years did not change significantly when the period prior to the widespread availability of "crack" cocaine (1984 through 1985) was compared with the period immediately following the introduction of crack cocaine (1986 through 1987). Additional studies are needed both to elucidate the association between cocaine use and these fatalities and to determine the value of screening persons seriously injured in traffic accidents in areas where such drug use is endemic. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:250-256)