tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of cyclosporine and steroids on canine bile flow
Authors: J Brems
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Cyclosporine and hydrocortisone are the main immunosuppressants used in transplant surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intravenous administration of cyclosporine and hydrocortisone on bile flow in dogs. Cyclosporine in doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg · kg−1 · hr−1 and hydrocortisone in doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg · kg−1 · hr−1 were administered along with 18 μmol/min intravenous sodium taurocholate to dogs with chronic biliary and gastric fistulas. Bile volume and bile chloride concentration and output were increased by cyclosporine in a dose-related manner, whereas bile salt concentration decreased and bile salt output was unchanged. Hydrocortisone produced small but significant increases in bile flow only at the highest dose of hydrocortisone administered. Subsequently, experiments were performed when sodium taurocholate was administered in progressively increasing doses (9, 18 and 36 μmol/min), with the dose changed every hour. Bile volume, [14C]erythritol clearance in bile and bile salt concentrations were measured with and without cyclosporine and hydrocortisone administration. Cyclosporine increased the bile salt-independent fraction of canalicular bile flow and ductular bile flow. Experiments evaluating the role of the cyclosporine carrier polyoxyethylated castor oil (Cremophor EL) demonstrated that this substance had no independent choleretic activity, whereas cyclosporine dissolved in ethanol and administered without Cremophor EL significantly increased bile flow. The results of this study indicate that cyclosporine stimulates chloride-rich choleresis independent of bile salt secretion.
Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Rebecca S. Bahn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

This article reviews the mechanisms that lead to the development of Graves' ophthalmopathy. A central feature in its development is autoimmunity that involves not only T cells, B cells, and macrophages but also fibroblasts and adipose tissue within the orbit. Intraorbital cytokine-mediated inflammation also has a prominent role. These recent findings suggest new ways of treating this debilitating disease.
A model of its kind. A century of medicine at Johns Hopkins
Authors: A. M. Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WITH this ringing invocation, John Shaw Billings ended his speech at the opening of The Johns Hopkins Hospital on May 7, 1889. As the individual most responsible for designing and planning the hospital, Billings was one of the key speakers. Yet his words were not mere congratulatory phrases, appropriate for an event that commemorated the end of his years of effort. In the century since the hospital's opening, Billings' hope was fulfilled, as Hopkins became a model for American medical practice, education, and research. This model was not a composite of entirely new concepts and methods, however, but a cohesive, effective union of ideas, several of which had already been tried elsewhere. In the stimulating environment created by the early leaders of Hopkins, these ideas were merged in a novel way. <h3>ANTECEDENTS OF THE HOPKINS MODEL</h3> William H. Welch credited the advances in medical education made by Hopkins' predecessors: The
Statin use may increase the pathologic complete response rate after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer
Authors: M. S. Katz, B. D. Minksy, L. B. Saltz, E. Riedel, D. Chessin, J. G. Guillem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3568 Background: Laboratory data suggest that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, may have antitumor activity in colorectal cancer. We explored whether or not statins might enhance the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in rectal cancer. Methods: Between 1996–2001, 358 patients with clinically resectable, nonmetastatic rectal cancer underwent surgery at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for either locally advanced tumors, or for low-lying tumors that would require abdominoperineal resection. We excluded 9 patients for RT dose < 45 Gy or if statin use was unknown, leaving 349 evaluable patients. Median RT dose was 50.4 Gy (range: 45–55.8 Gy), and 308 (88%) received 5-FU based chemotherapy. Medication use, comorbid illnesses, clinical stage by DRE and ultrasound, and type of chemotherapy were analyzed for associations with pathologic complete response (pCR), defined as no microscopic evidence of tumor. Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, Mantel-Haenszel test for ordered categorical variables, and logistic regression for numeric variables and multivariate analysis. Results: Thirty-three patients (9%) used a statin, with no differences in clinical stage by DRE or ultrasound compared to the other 324 patients. At the time of surgery, 23 of the 324 (7%) non-statin patients were found to have metastatic disease, compared to 0% for statin patients. The pCR rate with and without statin use was 30% versus 17% (p=0.10). Variables significant univariately at the p=0.15 level were entered into a multivariate model. The odds ratio for statin use on pCR was 2.1 (95% CI: 0.93, 4.9, p-value=0.07) after adjusting for clinical stage and type of chemotherapy. Conclusions: Statin use appears to be weakly associated with an improved pCR rate after neoadjuvant chemoradiation for rectal cancer. The non-randomized nature of this comparison and the low prevalence of statin use limit the power of this observation. However, the unusually high incidence of pCR suggests that the use of statins in rectal cancer may warrant further study. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pfizer Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer
Prolonged Adverse Reactions to Lysergic Acid Diethylamine
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: I. Tillie‐Leblond, A.‐B. Tonnel
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) occurs in nonimmunocompromised patients and belongs to the hypersensitivity disorders induced by Aspergillus . Genetic factors and activation of bronchial epithelial cells in asthma or cystic fibrosis are responsible for the development of a CD 4 +Th2 lymphocyte activation and IgE, IgG and IgA‐AF antibodies production. The diagnosis of ABPA is based on the presence of a combination of clinical, biological and radiological criteria. The severity of the disease is related to corticosteroid‐dependant asthma or/and diffuse bronchiectasis with fibrosis. The treatment is based on oral corticosteroids for 6–8 weeks at acute phase or exacerbation and itraconazole is now recommended and validated at a dose of 200 mg/day for a duration of 16 weeks.
Postinfarction risk stratification. Is preventive war winnable?
Authors: G. A. Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1993)

On August 29, 1949, the Soviet Union exploded its first nuclear bomb. Advocates of "preventive war"—including such luminaries as Bertrand Russell and John von Neumann— argued that an eventual armed confrontation with the Soviets was inevitable, and that the United States should therefore seize the opportunity to launch a pre-emptive first strike. To those who countenanced a more cautious wait-and-see attitude, von Neumann responded, "If you say why not bomb them tomorrow, I say why not today? If you say today at five o'clock, I say why not one o'clock?"<sup>1</sup> See also p 2379. The medical counterpart of preventive war is currently being waged under the pseudonym "risk stratification." Risk stratification strategies are based on the tacit assumption that physicians can accurately predict the unfavorable outcome of individual patients and that they possess effective ways to mitigate that unfavorable outcome. If so, the sooner one intervenes, the better. Indeed,
A prospective study of closed pleural biopsies
Authors: J. Scerbo
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To evaluate the usefulness of performing pleural biopsy in every patient with undiagnosed pleural disease, regardless of the presence of fluid, a total of 222 biopsies were performed in 163 patients with use of the Abrams needle technique. In the last 48 specimens, culture in 7H-9 liquid medium was routinely performed. In all biopsy specimens, pleural disease was found. In 61 instances, a specific histological diagnosis of either neoplasia or tuberculosis was made. In 80% of the biopsy specimens with histological evidence for tuberculosis, the cultures of the specimens were positive. Thirty-five biopsies were done in the absence of pleural fluid and were as diagnostically successful as those done in the presence of fluid. Pleural biopsy is indicated in any case of undiagnosed pleural disease, even if free fluid is not present.
GROWING THE OPIUM POPPY IN THE UNITED STATES
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient
Authors: Robert S. Brown, Ducksoo Kim
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Letters3 September 2019A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused PatientRobert S. Brown, MD and Ducksoo Kim, MDRobert S. Brown, MDBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.S.B.)Search for more papers by this author and Ducksoo Kim, MDBoston Veterans Administration Health Care and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0344 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Agarwal raises the issue of uncertainty that surrounds any new technique. We share his concerns, particularly regarding risk for unrecognized disconnection. However, bleeding (which can be unrecognized) may occur when patients dislodge standard anterior catheters, as this patient did. We experienced no problems with positioning or kinking of the catheter with this posterior subcutaneous tunnel technique.We regret that we overlooked Dr. Nathoo and colleagues' article (1) on posteriorly tunneled catheters in cognitively impaired patients. Their experience shows that this alternative technique seems to cause complications similar to those of standard anterior placement. However, they used a ...Reference1. Stroz MJ, Nathoo B, Stroz PM. Posteriorly tunneled dialysis catheters for permanent use in cognitively impaired patients undergoing hemodialysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;25:1621-5. [PMID: 25255948] doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2014.06.017 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.S.B.)Boston Veterans Administration Health Care and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts (D.K.)Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L18-0439. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient Robert S. Brown and Ducksoo Kim A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient Anil K. Agarwal A Central Venous Catheter That Cannot Be Dislodged Easily by a Confused Patient Bharat Nathoo , Marianne Stroz , and Peter Stroz Metrics 3 September 2019Volume 171, Issue 5Page: 386KeywordsCathetersConflicts of interestDisclosureEmotionsHemorrhageShoulders ePublished: 3 September 2019 Issue Published: 3 September 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cigarettes and the college freshman
Authors: D. F. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In January 1965 at the University of Illinois, Urbana, from information selected from the student data system and questionnaires, 102 variables were obtained on selected demographic, socioeconomic, attitudinal, and academic characteristics and the smoking habits of 3,567 freshmen enrolled in Rhetoric 101. The difference between smokers and nonsmokers was significant at the 0.001 level of probability for the following variables: freshman approval of teenage smoking, academic achievement, organization membership and use of leisure time, belief that lung cancer was more likely to develop in smokers than in nonsmokers, smoking habits of parents, place of residence when in high school, smoking habits of campus roommates, and belief that teenage smoking is a public health problem. Sixty percent of the freshmen did not smoke, and 43% of those who smoked wished to discontinue.
Der Rheumatismus: Sammlung von Einzeldarstellungen aus dem Gesamtgebiet der Rheumaerkrankungen
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE MEDICAL SAMPLE BUSINESS.
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BY-LAW IV OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SOCIETY NEWS.
Authors: F. C. Heath
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Chicago Medico-legal Society.</h3> —At the last meeting of this Society the following officers were elected to serve for the ensuing year: President, Dr. E. J. Doering; first vice-president, Dr. Sanger Brown; second vice-president, Dr. A. H. Cooke; treasurer, Dr. Jos. Matteson; secretary, Dr. John Ridlon, 103 State Street. <h3>Washington State Medical Society.</h3> —At the annual meeting of this society held in Tacoma May 19 and 20, Dr. R. L. Thomson, of Spokane, was elected president, and Dr. J. M. Semple, of Medical Lake, Secretary. The next meeting will be held in Spokane, May 1897. <h3>Nebraska State Medical Society.</h3> —At the annual meeting the following officers were elected for the ensuing year: President, F. D. Haldeman, Ord; first vice-president, J. Lue Sutherland, Grand Island; second vice-president, O. Grothan, St. Paul; recording secretary, G. H. Simmons, Lincoln; treasurer, W. M. Knapp; corresponding secretary and librarian, H. B. Lowry, Lincoln. The next annual
(16) Spasticity and vascular lesions
Authors: B.R. Allen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Journal Article (16) Spasticity and vascular lesions Get access B.R. Allen B.R. Allen General Hospital, Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 99, Issue s16, 1 December 1978, Pages 40–42, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1978.tb15238.x Published: 01 December 1978
Is DDT Use a Public Health Problem in Mexico?
Authors: Lizbeth Lopez-Carrillo, Laura Torres-Arreola, Luisa Torres-Sanchez, Felipe Espinosa-Torres, Carlos Jimenez, Mariano Cebrian, Stephan Waliszewski, Ofelia Saldate
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We review the potential impact of DDT on public health in Mexico. DDT production and consumption patterns in Mexico during the last 20 years are described and compared with those in the United States. In spite of the restrictions on DDT use in antimalaria campaigns in Mexico, use of DDT is still higher than in other Latin American countries. We analyzed information from published studies to determine accumulated levels of this insecticide in blood, adipose tissue, and breast milk samples from Mexican women. Current lipid-adjusted DDE levels from women living in Mexico City are 6.66 ppb in mammary adipose tissue and 0.594 ppm in total breast milk. Finally, the methodological limitations of existing epidemiological studies on DDT exposure and breast cancer are discussed. We conclude that DDT use in Mexico is a public health problem, and suggest two solutions: identification of alternatives for the control of malaria and educational intervention to reduce DDT exposure. We also recommend strengthening epidemiological studies to evaluate the association between accumulated DDT levels in adipose tissue and breast cancer incidence among Mexican women.
EPID-14. ECHOES FROM THE PAST- AN HISTORICAL COHORT STUDY OF LOW DOSE RADIATION FOR TINEA CAPITIS AND BRAIN TUMOR INCIDENCE IN ISRAEL
Authors: Shlomit Yust Katz, Tali Siegal, Alexandra Amiel, Eatela Derazne, Jeremy Kark
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Ionizing radiation is the only established environmental risk factor for brain tumors. Treatment with low dose radiation was the standard of care for treatment of tinea capitis till 1960 and was given in Israel mainly to children immigrating to Israel from North Africa and the Middle East between 1948–1960. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of treatment with low dose radiation on the epidemiology of brain tumors in Israel. This study analyzed two cohorts of Jewish men and women who underwent health examinations at the age of 17 years between 1967 and 1991 and were followed by linkage to the national cancer registry up to 2012. The first cohort included 376,336 participants born in 1948–1959 and the second cohort included 474,923 participants born in 1960–1971. The incidence of all brain tumors was 541 in the first cohort [crude rate (CR) 5.14] and 629 in the second cohort (CR 4.72). There was a significant decrease in the rate of meningioma in the second cohort [CR in the second cohort 1.36 expected CR 1.67 (p=0.041)]. In the first cohort there was important impact to origin- with higher incidence among those from north Africa and Middle East. This effect was ablated in the second cohort that included participants who had not been exposed to radiation treatment. The effect of origin was mainly evident in the incidence of all brain tumors grouped together (p=0.0003), meningiomas (p=0.00015) and cranial nerve tumors (p=0.006) and was strongest among those originating from North Africa. Our study reveals that treatment with low dose radiation for tinea capitis- appears to have affected the incidence of meningiomas in the cohort exposed to irradiation and dramatically changed the association of ethnicity with brain tumors in Israel, an effect that disappeared once treatment with low dose radiation was halted.