tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
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Authors: Guadalupe Garcia‐Tsao, Jordan Sack
Journal: Hepatology (2016)

We thank Verlinden et al. for presenting the results of a case and a pilot cohort showing that hepatitis C viral (HCV) eradication in patients with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis may be associated with a significant decrease in liver stiffness (LS) without a significant change in spleen stiffness (SS), both determined by shear wave elastography. This observation is in line with our case report of a patient with HCV cirrhosis and varices who developed variceal hemorrhage despite normalization of aminotransferases and liver synthetic function after HCV eradication.1 We assumed that architectural distortion (mostly fibrous tissue) did not resolve with viral eradication, leading to persistent portal hypertension, while intrahepatic factors (resolution of inflammation, amelioration of endothelial dysfunction) led to an improvement in liver function. In our case, variceal hemorrhage occurred 3.5 years after viral eradication and LS measured at the time still indicated the presence of cirrhosis and significant portal hypertension (unfortunately, LS prior to therapy was unavailable). The case described by Verlinden et al. is different from ours in that variceal hemorrhage occurred while the patient was still undergoing antiviral therapy and both LS and SS at the time of hemorrhage indicated cirrhosis and portal hypertension.2 The subsequent decrease in LS in this patient was observed only 12 weeks after completion of therapy and was most likely due to a decrease in inflammation as it was associated with a decrease in aminotransferases. An effect on fibrosis/portal hypertension would have been unlikely to occur in this time frame and is probably reflected in the lack of change in SS. Notably, as in ours, the case described by Verlinden et al. had varices, indicative of the presence of clinically significant portal hypertension.3 As we had mentioned, clinically significant portal hypertension may identify a subgroup of patients with cirrhosis in whom fibrosis may not be reversible and complications due to portal hypertension may still develop. Further clinical and shear wave elastography follow-up of this patient and of other patients in their cohort who also experienced an early decrease in LS without changes in SS will help define subgroups of patients who will (or will not) develop complications of cirrhosis and portal hypertension so that, in the future, monitoring could be recommended for only a specific subgroup of patients with HCV cirrhosis achieving sustained virological response. Until this and other studies clarify these issues, all these patients require standard screening for varices and prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage.3 Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, M.D. Jordan Sack, M.D. Department of Internal Medicine/Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine CT-VA Healthcare System New Haven, CT
Chemokine involvement in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice: Roles for macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and KC
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatic injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion is an important clinical problem after liver resection or transplantation. Neutrophils are known to mediate the organ injury, but the precise mechanisms leading to hepatic neutrophil recruitment are undefined. Two CXC chemokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and KC, are potently chemotactic for neutrophils in vitro and have been reported to be involved in neutrophil-dependent inflammatory tissue injury. The objective of the present study was to determine the roles of MIP-2 and KC in the induction of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia followed by reperfusion. Hepatic injury was associated with neutrophil sequestration, edema, and elevated serum levels of hepatic transaminases. The expression of MIP-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) was induced within 3 hours after reperfusion, before any detectable increase in neutrophil accumulation, and was also increased to a greater extent in the ischemic lobe after 9 hours of reperfusion. These data suggest that MIP-2 may be involved in the initial recruitment of neutrophils to the ischemic lobe. In contrast, KC mRNA expression was not increased after 3 hours of reperfusion but after 9 hours increased equivalently in both ischemic and non-ischemic lobes, suggesting a more generalized role in neutrophil recruitment. Neutralization of MIP-2 or KC resulted in significant decreases in hepatic neutrophil accumulation, edema, and hepatocellular injury. These data suggest that the local expression of MIP-2 and KC are important mediators involved in neutrophil-dependent hepatic injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in mice.
In Reply
Authors: Paul A. Meyers, Cindy L. Schwartz, Mark D. Krailo, John H. Healey, William S. Ferguson, Mark C. Gebhardt, Allen M. Goorin, Eugenie S. Kleinerman, Michael L. Nieder, Robert J. Wells, Judith K. Sato, Holcombe E. Grier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)
NIV: clinical aspects
Authors: A Gulati, M Ali, N Oscroft, M Davies, T Quinnell, J Shneerson, P Murphy, K Brignall, M Hind, A Simonds, C Davidson, A Williams, J Moxham, M Polkey, N Hart
Journal: Thorax (2009)

FEV 1 (0.23 litres, 95% CI 20.06 to 0.5; p = 0.113) and VAS (210.1 mm, 95% CI 224.9 to 4.7; p = 0.174) after correcting for the baseline sputum eosinophil count.Conclusion Our data suggest that there is not a large difference in response to oral prednisolone in patients with asthma with sputum eosinophilia and mixed granulocytic phenotypes.Larger studies may highlight small, albeit clinically important, differences.
SIMPLIFICATION OF THE INTESTINAL FLORA
Journal: JAMA (1921)

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This Week in &lt;emph&gt;JAMA&lt;/emph&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2010)

A Piece of My Mind"I was not ready to give in to that tangible reminder of my aging, especially one that is so highly stigmatized.Eyeglasses have become a fashion statement, but hearing aids pejoratively signify 'old person.' " From "Sounds of My Father."
Preanesthetic Medication with Intramuscular Administration of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride: Parallel Double-Blind Study of Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride, Meperidine Hydrochloride, Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride and Meperidine Hydrochloride Secobarbital Sodium, and a Placebo
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Mealtime Interactions Relate to Dietary Adherence and Glycemic Control in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Susana R. Patton, Lawrence M. Dolan, Scott W. Powers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—This study examined the relationships between parent-child mealtime interactions and dietary adherence and glycemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes. It was hypothesized that young children who exhibited disruptive mealtime behaviors would have more dietary deviations (poorer dietary adherence) and poor glycemic control. It was also hypothesized that parents of young children who used ineffective/coercive parenting strategies at mealtimes would have children with more dietary deviations and poor glycemic control. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 35 families of children (aged 2.2–7.9 years) with type 1 diabetes were recruited from a pediatric hospital. Families had at least three meals videotaped in their home, which were coded for parent, child, and eating behaviors, using the Dyadic Interaction Nomenclature for Eating. Children’s dietary adherence was assessed according to deviations from the prescribed number of carbohydrate units per meal. Children’s average glycemic excursion was assessed prospectively for 2 weeks, using a standardized home blood glucose meter. RESULTS—Findings demonstrated significant positive relationships between children’s mealtime behavior, dietary deviations, and glycemic control. An examination of parent behaviors revealed significant positive correlations between parents’ use of ineffective/coercive parenting strategies and children’s dietary deviations and glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS—This was the first study to examine the relationship between parent-child mealtime interactions and health outcomes in young children with type 1 diabetes. The mealtime problems examined can be improved through specific behavioral interventions. Future research is needed to examine how parent-child interactions at mealtimes relate to children’s health outcomes to inform clinical care.
Incorrect Wording.
Journal: JAMA (1992)

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Marcel Haegi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

was a renowned nuclear physicist.But what resonates for me, and for the BMJ-at a time when 3000 deaths every day on the world's roads is accepted as the necessary albeit regrettable cost of motorised transportation-is Marcel's contribution as a road safety activist and advocate for justice for those injured and killed.In 1988 Marcel's eldest daughter, Vlasta, died when her car was struck by a speeding driver, who survived, was prosecuted, and was required to pay compensation.Marcel and his family were expected to suffer in silence just like the thousands of other parents who have lost children to road traffic crashes.The state's response to road death is unlike any other form of violent death.There is rarely a proper police investigation, the judicial response is characteristically lackadaisical, and little effort is made to prevent a recurrence.Given the numbers killed and injured each year-over 50 000 deaths and 150 000 permanent disabilities in Europe alone-road death might be thought of as state sanctioned genocide.In many countries, Britain included, road deaths are called "accidents."No one is really responsible and no one is really to blame.Marcel, however, could not accept this.In their fight for justice, those injured on the roads had recruited a formidable ally.Marcel was a scientist, a statesman, and extraordinarily tenacious.He obtained a doctorate in physics at the University of Geneva in 1968.He worked for several years as a
Observations on Pathogenesis of Carcinoid Heart Disease and Tanning of Fluorescent Fibrin by 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Ceruloplasmin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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Leads from the MMWR. State and local influenza immunization program activities
Journal: JAMA (1988)

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Phenobarbital does not increase early labeling of bilirubin from 4-[14C]-δ-aminolevulinic acid in man and rat
Authors: H Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

δ-Aminolevulinic acid-4-[14C] and [3H]-bilirubin were administered intravenously to five patients with Gilbert's syndrome and four healthy control subjects on two occasions: before and on days 10 through 14 of a course of phenobarbital (2.5 mg/kg/day). The resulting curves of [3H]-bilirubin and [14C]-bilirubin in plasma were analyzed by computer to determine a number of parameters of physiological interest. As expected, phenobarbital produced a highly significant fall in the plasma concentration of unconjugated bilirubin as a result of a significant increase in hepatic bilirubin clearance in all subjects; plasma bilirubin turnover was unaltered. Surprisingly, the drug produced no change in the incorporation of [14C]-α-aminolevulinic acid into [14C]-early labeled bilirubin. To explain this unexpected finding, the effects of phenobarbital (75 mg/kg/day for 6 days) on incorporation of [14C]-δ-aminolevulinic acid and 2-[14C]-glycine into [14C]-early labeled bilirubin and on the activity of the enzyme δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase were studied in nonfasted, adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats. At the dose and duration of treatment used, phenobarbital administration increased total hepatic δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity and produced a significant increase of 70% in the incorporation of [14C]-glycine into early labeled bilirubin. By contrast, no increase in the incorporation of [14C]-δ-aminolevulinic acid into early labeled bilirubin was observed. These data suggest that δ-aminolevulinic acid is an inappropriate precursor for studies of the rate of heme biosynthesis, presumably because it bypasses δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase, the physiological rate-limiting enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:1153–1160.)
Progesterone and progestogens are not beneficial in treating premenstrual syndrome
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery may be harmfulEarly feeding after gastrointestinal surgery reduces the risk of infections and shortens length of stay in hospital.Lewis and colleagues (p 773) systematically reviewed the evidence from randomised controlled trials that compared early feeding with management by "nil by mouth" after elective gastrointestinal surgery.The authors argue that keeping patients nil by mouth may do more harm than good and that a large trial is required to confirm or refute the benefits of early feeding that were seen in small trials.
Global Measles Control and Regional Elimination, 1998-1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In 1989, the World Health Assembly adopted the goal of reducing measles morbidity and mortality by 90% and 95%, respectively, by 1995, compared with estimates of the disease burden in the prevaccine era. In 1990, the World Summit for Children adopted a goal of vaccinating 90% of children against measles by 2000. Three regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) have targeted elimination: in 1994, the American Region (AMR) targeted elimination by 2000; in 1997, the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) targeted elimination by 2010; and in 1998, the European Region (EUR) targeted elimination by 2007. This report updates progress since 1997 toward global measles control and regional elimination of measles, and includes vaccination coverage and disease surveillance data received by WHO as of August 14, 1999. Data for 1998 suggest that routine measles vaccination coverage has declined in some regions, the number of countries reporting cases and coverage to WHO has decreased, and measles continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality.
Alterations in the Fatty Acid Composition of Human Lymph and Serum Lipoproteins by Single Feedings
Journal: JAMA (1963)

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<TITLE>Why should you be concerned about high blood pressure?</TITLE>
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Why should you be concerned about high blood pressure?The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA and the AMA.The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances; but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis.For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA and AMA suggest that you consult your physician.
The protective role of urea-containing cream on sorafenib-associated hand-foot skin reaction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Young-Sun Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Young Kul Jung, Yeon Seok Seo, Hyung Joon Yim, Do Young Kim, Moon Young Kim, Ki Tae Yoon, Jeong-Hoon Lee, Hyun Woong Lee, Byoung Kuk Jang, Eun Sun Jang, Jae Young Jang, Sung Bum Cho, Sang Youn Hwang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTIONS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

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