tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P002: Heavy Alcohol Consumption Increases the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation -Circulatory Risk in Communities Study(CIRCS)
Authors: Fumihiko Sano, Tetsuya Ohira, Akihiko Kitamura, Hironori Imano, Renzhe Cui, Masahiko Kiyama, Takeo Okada, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Tomoko Sankai, Takeshi Tanigawa, Yoshinori Ishikawa, Kazuomi Kario, Hiroyasu Iso
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Evidence on the relationship of a wide range of alcohol consumption with risk of incident atrial fibrillation has been limited. Methods— Between 1991 and 1995, 8602 Japanese men and women aged 30 to 80 years and free of clinical atrial fibrillation took part in the first examination of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study(CIRCS)- a population based cohort study of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease incidence, and their trends in Japanese communities. In the first examination, we checked a detailed medical history, physical examination, blood and urine examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG). An interviewer obtained histories in detail for weekly alcohol intake. In the follow-up period, incident atrial fibrillations were ascertained by annual ECG record and medical history of treatment of atrial fibrillation. ECGs were coded with the Minnesota Code by trained physician-epidemiologists. Differences in baseline characteristics between atrial fibrillation cases and controls were compared using Student t-tests or chi-squared tests. The hazard ratios (HRs) of incidence of atrial fibrillation and 95% confidence interval (CI) relative to the never-drinking group were calculated with adjustment for age and other potential confounding factors using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results— During an average follow-up of 6.4 years, 290 incident atrial fibrillation occurred. The higher incidence rate of atrial fibrillation was observed among participants with more than 69 g of ethanol drinking per week, compared with less than 69 g of ethanol drinking per week. On the other hand, light to moderate alcohol consumption was not associated with risk of atrial fibrillation. Compared with the never drinking group, the multivariable-adjusted HRs of past, light (&lt;23 g), light moderate (23-46 g), moderate (46-69 g), and heavy (&gt;69 g) drinking groups were 1.20 (95% CI, 0.61-2.35), 0.85 (95% CI, 0.57-1.27), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.63-1.75), 1.34 (95% CI, 0.78-2.32), and 2.92 (95% CI, 1.61-5.28), respectively. Conclusions— Heavy alcohol consumption was associated with the higher risk of atrial fibrillation, whereas there was no association of less than moderate alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Andrew K. Diehl
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has revolutionized the treatment of gallstone disease. Since its introduction in the late 1980s, it has virtually replaced open cholecystectomy in uncomplicated cases. Its rapid adoption by surgeons in community practice, stimulated by demand from patients aware of the procedure's apparent virtues in comparison with conventional surgery, preceded any formal evaluation of its benefits and risks by academic centers. Nevertheless, a National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference in September 1992 concluded that laparoscopic cholecystectomy provides a safe and effective treatment for most patients with symptomatic gallstones and that it offers distinct advantages over open cholecystectomy by decreasing postoperative pain and disability.<sup>1</sup> See also p 1429. Hence, it may not be surprising that Legorreta et al<sup>2</sup>have documented a sharp rise in the rate of cholecystectomy procedures in a large private practice—based health maintenance organization. Using claims data, they found that total cholecystectomy rates increased almost 60%
West Nile Virus Activity—United States, August 21-28, 2002, and Illinois, January 1–August 27, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2002)

This report summarizes West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance data reported to CDC through ArboNET and by states and other jurisdictions as of 7:30 a.m. Mountain Daylight Time, August 28, 2002, and highlights WNV activity in Illinois.
WORK OF THE AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outbreak of Listeriosis Associated With Homemade Mexican-Style Cheese—North Carolina, October 2000–January 2001
Journal: JAMA (2001)

On November 13, 2000, health-care providers at a hospital in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, contacted the local health department about three cases of listeriosis within a 2-week period in recent Mexican immigrants. The North Carolina General Communicable Disease Control Branch, in collaboration with the Forsyth County Health Department, the North Carolina Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) and Environment and Natural Resources, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and CDC investigated this outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections. This report summarizes the results of the investigation, which implicated noncommercial, homemade, Mexican-style fresh soft cheese produced from contaminated raw milk sold by a local dairy farm as the causative agent. Culturally appropriate education efforts are important to reduce the risk for L. monocytogenes transmission through Mexican-style fresh soft cheese.
OP0039 Head to Head Comparison of Udenafil Versus Amlodipine in the Treatment of Secondary Raynaud’s Phenomenon: A Double-Blind, Randomized Cross-Over Study
Authors: J. K. Park, E. Y. Lee, M. J. Yoon, W. Lee, Y. K. Kim, C. S.-Y. Park, J. T. Giles, J. W. Park, K. C. Shin, J. S. Lee, Y. W. Song, E. B. Lee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a reversible vasoconstriction of digital arteries that causes pain and discoloration. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) such as amlodipine are commonly used as the first-line treatment. However, in severe cases, additional vasodilators of other classes are needed. Udenafil, a new reversible selective PDE5 inhibitor, causes smooth muscle relaxation of the macro- and microvascular circulation and is well tolerated. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study compared the efficacy of the new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor udenafil to the calcium channel blocker amlodipine in the treatment of secondary RP. <h3>Methods</h3> A total of 29 patients with secondary RP associated with connective tissue diseases were enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, cross-over study. The patients were randomized to receive udenafil 100 mg per day or amlodipine 10 mg per day for 4 weeks. After a washout period, they were crossed over to the other drug for another 4 weeks. The primary outcome was RP frequency before and after treatment. The secondary outcomes were RP condition scores, RP duration, number of digital ulcers, health assessment questionnaire, physician global assessment, and digital artery flow as peak systolic velocity (PSV) before and after treatment. <h3>Results</h3> Amlodipine and udenafil both decreased the rate of RP attack significantly (Figure A). The drugs did not differ in terms of RP frequency or any of the secondary outcomes except for digital blood flow; udenafil improved it significantly better than amlodipine (p = 0.021) (Figure B). Udenafil was well tolerated without serious adverse effects. <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> Udenafil has a comparable efficacy to reduce RP attacks as amlodipine. In addition, udenafil is superior to improve resting digital blood flow than amlodipine. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We thank the Medical Research Collaborating Center (MRCC) at Seoul National University for their assistance in the statistical analyses. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
WALLED OFF.
Authors: JOHN B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

"Walled off" is an expression so often heard in connection with cases of appendicitis which have gone on to pus formation, that I have selected it for the subject of dicsussion. When I hear a physician boast that his case has advanced to this stage and is ripe for operation, I often wonder how it is possible for him to have been unaware of the dangers to which the patient has been subjected and feel sorry for the physician's or surgeon's lack of knowledge of the living pathology of this vicious and deceptive disease that he has allowed to stealthily advance to that point where he believes he has every reason to congratulate himself. The most charitable view one can come to is, that he is familiar with operation under this one circumstance only. In order to make clear the object of this paper, let me draw the comparison between
Heart transplantation. Four years' experience with conventional immunosuppression
Authors: J. G. Copeland
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This article describes four years' experience with heart transplantation using conventional immunosuppression. Twenty of 32 patients are alive. The one-year survival rates were 75% (1979), 67% (1980), and 75% (1981). Actuarial survival rates for operative survivors were 70% at one year, 60% at two years, and 51% at three years. Patients in the 50- to 55-year age group have survived as well as younger recipients. Rejection resulted in six deaths, infection in three, donor heart failure in two, and multiple organ failure in one. There were 1.5 acute rejections per patient and one infection per patient in the first three posttransplant months. Postoperative hospital stay averaged 62 days and cost a total of $58,351. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1563-1566)
Reproductive and Morphological Condition of Wild Mink (Mustela vison) and River Otters (Lutra canadensis) in Relation to Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Contamination
Authors: Lee E. Harding, Megan L. Harris, Craig R. Stephen, John E. Elliott
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We assessed chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination of mink and river otters on the Columbia and Fraser River systems of northwestern North America, in relation to morphological measures of condition. We obtained carcasses of mink and river otters from commercial trappers during the winters 1994-1995 and 1995-1996. Necropsies included evaluation of the following biological parameters: sex, body mass and length, age, thymus, heart, liver, lung, spleen, pancreas, kidney, gonad, omentum, adrenal gland and baculum masses, baculum length, and stomach contents. Livers were analyzed, individually or in pools, for residues of organochlorine (OC) pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans. Contaminant levels were relatively low compared to those documented in other North American populations, although they ranged higher than those detected during an earlier survey (1990-1992) of these regional populations. Body condition varied slightly among collection regions, but showed no relationship with contaminant burden. Mink from the upper Fraser River had less fat stores and also had some of the lowest OC contamination levels observed. Similarly, a few individuals with enlarged livers and kidneys had low contaminant levels. Although a few individual animals with gross abnormalities of reproductive systems did not show high levels of contamination, there was a significant negative correlation between total PCB concentrations (as Aroclor 1260) and baculum length in juvenile mink (r = 0.707; p = 0.033; n = 8). The association of juvenile baculum length with eventual reproductive success is unknown, but further characterization of reproductive organ morphology and relationship to contaminants should be undertaken in a larger subset of these populations.
Serial intravascular ultrasound analysis of the impact of lesion length on the efficacy of intracoronary gamma irradiation for preventing recurrent in-stent restenosis Javed M. Ahmed, Gary S. Mintz, Ron Waksman, Neil J. Weissman, Lowell F. Salter, Lanja M. Ahmed, Augusto D. Pichard, Kenneth M. Kent. Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Phase I experience with an anti-glycotope monoclonal antibody, RAV12, in recurrent adenocarcinoma
Authors: H. A. Burris, L. S. Rosen, N. Lewis, S. F. Jones, A. Van Vugt, R. B. Cohen, L. A. Kunkel, S. J. Stewart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

13002 Background: RAV12 is a high affinity, internalizing, chimeric IgG 1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) that binds RAAG12, a novel primate-restricted N-linked carbohydrate epitope present on multiple cell-surface proteins. RAAG12 is variably expressed on normal non-keratinizing epithelia and is not expressed on human tissues from the cardiovascular, endocrine, hematolymphatic, neuromuscular, and central nervous systems. The majority of RAAG12 expression is in the cytoplasm. In some cases, e.g. polarized epithelia such as colon and stomach, RAAG12 is located in both the cytoplasm and the apical membrane. IHC studies demonstrated that &gt; 90% of human colon, gastric, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma samples bound RAV12, indicating expression of RAAG12. RAAG12 is distinct from previously reported mucin or Lewis blood group carcinoma-associated carbohydrates. Methods: In December 2004, a phase I dose-escalation safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) trial was begun in patients with recurrent (1 to 3 prior treatments) adenocarcinoma. RAV12 was administered weekly × 4. Fourteen patients have received treatment, 6 in a first cohort at 0.3 mg/kg, and 8 in a second cohort at 1.0 mg/kg. Nine patients had colorectal, 2 gastroesophageal, 2 pancreatic, and 1 lung cancer. Responses were evaluated on day 42. Results: All patients, except one who experienced an HSR during his fourth dose, completed the planned weekly treatments. Three clinical syndromes have been observed to date: 1) abdominal cramping pain and diarrhea (11 patients) particularly at the higher dose, 2) asymptomatic, self-limited, rapidly reversible excursions of liver function tests (3 patients), and 3) asymptomatic, self-limited, rapidly reversible excursions of pancreatic enzymes (2 patients). Three patients had stable disease as a best response at day 43. One patient, with pancreatic cancer, had a &gt; 50% reduction in CA19–9, continued treatment for a total of 9 doses, and had a period of disease stability of 5 months. Preliminary analysis demonstrated dose-dependent PK. Dose escalation continues at 1.5 mg/kg. Conclusions: RAV12 may have activity in recurrent adenocarcinoma. Side-effects, though present, have been manageable. Further experience with the MAb will be required to evaluate safety and activity. [Table: see text]
A phase I study of R-(-)-gossypol (AT-101) in combination with cisplatin (P) and etoposide (E) in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC).
Authors: A. M. Traynor, J. Kolesar, R. M. Marnocha, J. C. Eikhoff, D. B. Alberti, N. Takebe, G. Wilding, G. Liu, W. R. Schelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

3040 Background: AT-101 (AT) is an oral BH3 mimetic that lowers the apoptotic threshold by inhibiting heterodimerization of Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1 and Bcl-W, up-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins noxa and puma and inhibiting angiogenesis. Synergistic anti-tumor activity as been observed in vitro with EP in combination with agents that suppress Bcl-2 expression. This study was conducted to determine the dose limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and preliminary anti-tumor activity of AT and EP. Methods: Adult pts with relapsed or refractory advanced solid tumors received AT orally BID days (D) 1-3, P IV D 1, and E IV D 1-3 of a 21-D cycle. We previously reported the MTD without pegfilgrastim (F) was AT 20 mg BID , P 60 mg/m2, and E 100 mg/m2 (Leal, JCO 2009; 27(15S), e13502). Pts were enrolled in 3 additional dose levels (DL) with F support (6 mg SQ day 4): DL1a (AT 30 mg, P 60 mg/m2, and E 100 mg/m2), DL2a (AT 30 mg, P 60 mg/m2, and E 120 mg/m2), and DL3a (AT 40 mg, P 60 mg/m2, and E 120 mg/m2). Results: 12 additional pts were enrolled: 8 men, 4 women. Tumor types: 4 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 1 ES-SCLC, 2 esophageal, 2 high-grade (HG) neuroendocrine, 1 prostate, 1 adrenocortical, 1 gallbladder. No dose limiting toxicities occurred. Grade 3/4 treatment-related toxicities included: 2 pts with diarrhea (1 at DL1a and 1 at DL3a), and 1 episode, each, of increased ALT (DL1a), hypokalemia (DL1a), fatigue (DL2a), neutropenia (DL2a), anemia (DL3a), hypophosphatemia (DL3a), and pulmonary embolism (DL3a). Dose-proportional PK was observed with a mean AT t1/2 of 3.32 hr (range 2.86-3.94). No PK interactions were observed between the agents. Two pts with NSCLC and 1 with HG neuroendocrine tumor had a PR. Conclusions: The MTD with F was established at AT 40 mg BID D1-3, P 60 mg/m2 D1, and E 120 mg/m2 D1 of a 21 D cycle. F support permitted standard doses of EP without dose limiting neutropenia. Anti-tumor activity was observed in NSCLC and HG neuroendocrine tumor. Accrual to an MTD expansion cohort of pts with untreated ES-SCLC is ongoing. This study was supported by NCI UO1 CA062491, SAIC 25XS097, and 1ULRR025011.
Durable remissions with BCMA-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells in patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma.
Authors: Frank (Xiaohu) Fan, Wanhong Zhao, Jie Liu, Aili He, Yinxia Chen, Xingmei Cao, Nan Yang, Baiyan Wang, Pengyu Zhang, Yilin Zhang, Fangxia Wang, Bo Lei, Liufang Gu, Xugeng Wang, Qiuchuan Zhuang, Wanggang Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

LBA3001 Background: Chimeric antigen receptor engineered T cell (CAR-T) is a novel immunotherapeutic approach for cancer treatment and has been clinically validated in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here we report an encouraging breakthrough of treating multiple myeloma (MM) using a CAR-T designated LCAR-B38M CAR-T, which targets principally BCMA. Methods: A single arm clinical trial was conducted to assess safety and efficacy of this approach. A total of 19 patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma were included in the trial. The median number of infused cells was 4.7 (0.6 ~ 7.0) × 10e6/ kg. The median follow-up times was 208 (62 ~ 321) days. Results: Among the 19 patients who completed the infusion, 7 patients were monitored for a period of more than 6 months. Six out of the 7 achieved complete remission (CR) and minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative status. The 12 patients who were followed up for less than 6 months met near CR criteria of modified EBMT criteria for various degrees of positive immunofixation. All these effects were observed with a progressive decrease of M-protein and thus expected to eventually meet CR criteria. In the most recent follow-up examination, all 18 survived patients were determined to be free of myeloma-related biochemical and hematologic abnormalities. One of the most common adverse event of CAR-T therapy is acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This was observed in 14 (74%) patients who received treatment. Among these 14 patients there were 9 cases of grade 1, 2 cases of grade 2, 1 case of grade 3, and 1 case of grade 4 patient who recovered after treatments. Conclusions: A 100% objective response rate (ORR) to LCAR-B38M CAR-T cells was observed in refractory/relapsed myeloma patients. 18 out of 19 (95%) patients reached CR or near CR status without a single event of relapse in a median follow-up of 6 months. The majority (14) of the patients experienced mild or manageable CRS, and the rest (5) were even free of diagnosable CRS. Based on the encouraging safety and efficacy outcomes, we believe that our LCAR-B38M CAR-T cell therapy is an innovative and highly effective treatment for multiple myeloma.
Correction: Comparison of nicotine chewing-gum and psychological treatments for dependent smokers
Authors: Jennifer Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1980)

patients with functional psychiatric illness in the absence of clinical evidence of physical disease or alcoholism.We are grateful to Dr P B Guyer and Dr K C Dewbury for help in reviewing the chest radiographs, and Mrs H Hills for helping to collect data.The table giving details of the 21 patients with relevant radiographic abnormalities may be obtained from Dr Jennifer Hughes.
Biochemical Studies on the Toxicity of Slate Mine Dust
Authors: M. F. Khan, F. N. Jaffery, S. Ali, Q. Rahman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

As part of a detailed experimental study of the pathogenicity of disease of slate dust workers, the early biochemical changes in rat lung from 1 to 90 days after intratracheal inoculation of slate dust of particle size below 5 micron were investigated. A severalfold increase in free cell population (initially macrophages) was elicited by the dust. The free activity of acid phosphatase tended to increase along with a break of lysosomal latency with increasing exposure period. However, actual release of enzyme activity into the acellular fraction was low. The phospholipid content varied both in cellular and acellular fractions, indicating altered turnover of membrane lipids and surfactants. At advanced periods of the study, sialic was found to be released into the acellular fraction, indicating membrane damage. Considerable decrease in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and free sulfhydryl content and enhanced osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were also recorded. These results indicate the potential toxicity of slate mine dust.
Reply: Circulating Fibrocytes as a Biomarker of Prognosis in Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome
Authors: Borna Mehrad
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

It was with great interest that I read the article by Trimble and colleagues (1), which concluded that CXCR4 1 fibrocyte concentration could be predictive of the outcome of interstitial lung diseases in patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.It is well known that a complex array of factors could regulate fibrocyte biology.For example, fibrocyte differentiation was inhibited in culture within serum-enriched media because a stable serum protein, serum amyloid P, could inhibit fibrocyte differentiation (2).Therefore, the levels of circulating fibrocytes could be affected by the levels of serum amyloid P. In addition, low-molecular-weight heparin had antifibrotic effects despite its nonanticoagulant activities and could affect the levels of circulating fibrocytes (3).In the study by Trimble and colleagues (1), however, the abovementioned factors that could affect the levels of circulating fibrocytes were not described in detail.Further studies should be performed without the abovementioned factors.
Error in Byline
Authors: Vilakshan Alambyan, Ciro Ramos-Estebanez
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Dilan Athauda, MRCP, PhD; Seema Gulyani, PhD; Hanuma kumar Karnati, PhD; Yazhou Li, PhD; David Tweedie, PhD; Maja Mustapic, PhD; Sahil Chawla, BSc; Kashfia Chowdhury, MSc; Simon S. Skene, PhD; Nigel H. Greig, PhD; Dimitrios Kapogiannis, MD; Thomas Foltynie, MRCP, PhD