tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reminiscences of a Four Months' Stay with Professor A. Von Graefe in Berlin
Authors: A. Samelson
Journal: BMJ (1866)

Dr. Halford, and, previously, of Pechlin and others, fully confirm the above conclusions; for the heart was seen to expand as well as to contract, though no blood was furnished to it.Expansion, and hence a suction-power, is, therefore, a function as normal to it as the recognised one of contraction, by which it is universally allowed to be endowed with the power of propulsion.Supposing the above view of the function of the auricle to be correct, it is then probable that the musculi pectinati act firstly in preventing undue dis- tension, and secondly, after distension has been effected, in aiding towards restoring the auricle to its normal dimensions.The above, doubtless, is not in accordance with the ordinary explanation of the function of the auricles, which is, that the auricles contract on the blood con- tained within them, and thus propel it into the ventricle.There are three cogent arguments against this conclusion.Firstly, it would assume that the auricle contained an amount of blood which should be somewhat more than equal to the capacity and the requirement of the ventricle on its expansion, and this, as must be admitted, it does not; secondly, the absence of a normal and regularly recurring pulsation in the jugular and larger veins; and, thirdly, the absence of any sufficient valvular apparatus at the venous entrance to the auricle, or where the venae cavaw deliver themselves into the sinus.This latter alone would militate against the assumption of its being an active contractile organ; for not only is the absence of any such structural arrangement to such an end contrary to the whole principle of the circulation and the mechanism of its organs, but, in fact, the contraction of the auricles would as equally force the contained blood into the cave as into the ventricle.added to close the transverse incision.The success was perfect.In some cases, more complicated ble- pharoplastic operations had to be resorted to.Blepharoptosis is, in operable cases, combated by Von Graefe's own method, consisting in the removal of part of the orbicularis muscle, as well as of the in- 381 on 16 August
Selective blockade of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor (FcγRIIB) in human dendritic cells and monocytes induces a type I interferon response program
Authors: Kavita M. Dhodapkar, Devi Banerjee, John Connolly, Anjli Kukreja, Elyana Matayeva, Maria Concetta Veri, Jeffrey V. Ravetch, Ralph M. Steinman, Madhav V. Dhodapkar
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)
Surgical Nursing Arranged According to the Unit Method.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Chemistry and Technology of Food and Food Products in Three Volumes. Volume III
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Do worldwide outbreaks mean tuberculosis again becomes 'captain of all these men of death'?
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE ADMINISTRATION, public health community, and Congress all are trying to head off the spread of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States. Many reports of the resistant form of the organism have been linked with those who are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As the problem grows, President George Bush is nearly doubling the request for funds for tuberculosis elimination to $40 million this year. In Congress, Sen Edward Kennedy (D, Mass) is requesting funds to study issues raised by the occurrence of this resistant form and its association with HIV. Drug-resistant tuberculosis also is being reported around the world, especially in developing countries, says Barry Bloom, PhD, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY. Resistance has emerged, he says, because antituberculosis drugs were freely distributed in some countries without controls over their use. <h3>System Failure?</h3> In the United States in the years prior to 1984, about
Docetaxel (D) versus docetaxel plus gemcitabine (DG) for second-line treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results of a JCOG randomized trial (JCOG0104)
Authors: K. Takeda, S. Negoro, T. Tamura, Y. Nishiwaki, S. Kudoh, H. Fukuda, N. Saijo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7034 Background: D is now the standard second-line treatment for NSCLC patients based upon improved survival and quality of life in two phase III studies. DG has been also promising in several phase II trials in second-line setting. In order to evaluate whether combination regimen of DG provides better overall survival than D in patients with previously treated NSCLC, we conducted a randomized trial. Methods: Eligibility included pathologically or cytologically proven NSCLC, stage IV or IIIB, one prior platinum-based regimen chemotherapy, performance status 0 or 1, 20–75 years old. Patients were randomized to receive either D (60 mg/m2, day 1) or DG (D 60 mg/m2, day 8, G 800 mg/m2, days 1, 8), repeated every 21 days until disease progression. Results: 65 patients were accrued in each arm between Jan. 2002 and Apr. 2003 (planned; 142 per arm); one was ineligible due to stage IIIA. This trial was terminated early with unexpected high incidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and 3 treatment related death (5%) due to ILD only in DG arm, which were identified by Adverse Event Reporting system. DG compared with D patients experienced similar grade 3–4 neutropenia (DG 70%, D 75%), grade 2–4 nausea (17%, 15%), anorexia (20%, 23%), constipation (21%, 30%), alopecia (23%, 24%), febrile neutropenia (15%, 25%), but more dyspnea (23%, 14%) and ILD (21%, 2%). There was no baseline factor identified for predicting ILD. The hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival was 0.89 (95% CI 0.52, 1.55, logrank p = 0.69) in favor of DG. Median survival was 11.3 (DG) and 10.1 months (D). One-year survival rate was 47% and 38%. The HR for progression free survival (PFS) was 0.68 (95% CI 0.46, 0.99, p = 0.04). Median PFS was 3.1 (DG) and 2.1 (D) months. Conclusions: The combination of D and G may be too toxic regimen due to high risk of ILD for previously treated patients. D alone is still considered to be the standard second-line treatment for NSCLC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
SANITATION OF CRUSHED ICE
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antithrombins: Their Potential As Antithrombotic Agents
Authors: J. Weitz
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1992)

The inhibition of thrombin is the key to the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders. Although heparin is an extremely effective anticoagulant, it has certain limitations that are not shared by newer thrombin inhibitors. As a result, these novel inhibitors may have advantages over heparin in certain clinical settings.
From the Surgeon General, US Public Health Service
Authors: A C Novello, H B Peterson, J T Arrowsmith-Lowe, J Kelaghan, J A Perlman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PP-007 Defective in vitro macrophage maturation in Crohn's disease
Authors: B N Hudspith, N B Rayment, T Elliott, J Brostoff, J D Sanderson
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Whist the cause of Crohn9s disease (CD) remains unclear, an innate defect in the handling of intracellular bacteria appears to be involved. Evidence for this comes from observations of a defect in phagocyte recruitment and the presence of viable <i>E coli</i> within lamina propria (LP) macrophages in these patients. LP macrophages are derived from blood monocytes and develop into pro inflammatory cells under the influence of Th1 cytokine (M1) or anti inflammatory regulatory macrophages (M2) by Th2 cytokines. It is known that macrophage turnover in CD is higher and maturation incomplete compared to those in healthy individuals so these cells are a good candidate for the observed differences. <h3>Methods</h3> To study in vitro the cytokine-driven differentiation of macrophages from patients with IBD (5 CD, 5 UC) and five healthy controls and follow their behaviour when challenged with CD derived strains of <i>E coli</i>. Monocytes were stimulated for 6 days with INF-γ, IL-4 + IL-13 or IL-10 to generate M1, M2a or M2c macrophage populations, respectively. Specific maturation markers (CD14, CD16, CD33, CD163, CD206, CD209, CCR2 and CCR7) were then measured using flow cytometry. These cells were then challenged with <i>E coli</i> and phagocytic function measured using the gentamicin protection assay. <h3>Results</h3> Monocytes stimulated with INFγ, from both the control and IBD groups gave a similar M1 type profile. IL-4+IL-13 stimulation gave rise to M2a cells, however the cells isolated from the CD group expressed a higher percentage of CD14 and a greater proportion of these cells expressed low levels of CD163 and CD206. In the CD group, IL-10 gave rise to a population that expressed CD14+, CD16+ and were CD163++, CD206+ and CD209+. When these different cell populations were challenged with <i>E coli</i> the number of recovered viable bacteria at 30 min gave similar numbers of internalised bacteria. However when we recovered bacteria 3 h post infection, significantly higher survival of bacteria in the IL-10, M2c population in the CD Group (M1 cells, 14±9; M2a cells, 23±8; M2c cells, 135±41) was found. No bacteria survived in the controls or UC. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have demonstrated a population of IL-10 induced M2c cells that are unable to complete the process of bacterial killing effectively in patients with CD. These CD163+ cells are similar to a subpopulation of lamina propria macrophages that have been shown harbour viable bacteria. This may indicate that a defect in the migration and maturation of monocytes, unable to clear bacteria efficiently, may be the underlying innate defect in CD.
High incidence of new translocations in B-CLL detected by CD40L-enhanced cytogenetics (CEC): A new prognostic marker for infavorable survival outcome in patients with B-CLL
Authors: C. Mayr, C. Schoch, D. M. Kofler, R. Busch, M. Hallek, C.-M. Wendtner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

6561 Background: We could recently show that stimulation of CLL cells with CD40 ligand (CD40L) increased the frequency of metaphases of CLL cells which are then suitable for chromosome banding. We compared this new technique, CEC, with clinical data from CLL patients (pts) and data obtained by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Methods: Blood samples from 95 CLL pts (Binet A: 31.1%, B: 30.0%, C: 38.9%; 57% untreated, 43% previously treated) were subjected to simultaneous analysis by CEC and FISH. Results: Chromosomal aberrations were detected in 89.5% of pts by CEC with a range of 0 to 14 chromosomal aberrations per sample (2.28±2.6; mean±SD). All chromosomes except the X chromosome showed abnormalities. All major genetic abnormalities detected were also observed by FISH (11q-: 13.8%, +12: 12.2%, 13q-: 63.4%, 17p-: 6.1%, no abnormalities: 20.7% of pts). In addition, using CEC, translocations were detected in 34.7% of the CLL pts (balanced: 23.2%, unbalanced: 16.8% of the pts). The majority of these translocations (balanced: 87%, unbalanced: 96%) were so far not described for B-CLL cases. Regarding treatment free survival (TFS) we were able to confirm the prognostic significance of 17p- (p=0.0271) and CD38 (log rank test: 19.37, p<0.0001) in our patient cohort, while the incidence of translocations proved to be an even stronger prognosticator for TFS (log rank test: 24.95, p<0.0001, median TFS 24 vs. 105 months). In a multivariate analysis, translocations were the most adverse prognostic factor on TFS (p<0.001). The frequent aberrations detected by FISH (11q-, +12, 13q-) were not associated with translocations but pts with CD38 (p= 0.018) or 17p- (p= 0.044) represent subgroups of pts with translocations. Conclusions: A new technique, CD40L-enhanced conventional chromosome banding, is able to detect more and new chromosomal aberrations in CLL compared to FISH analysis. In about one third of pts unbalanced or balanced translocations were identified. Translocations had the strongest negative impact on TFS in our cohort and should be considered as a new prognostic factor in CLL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Common Commercial Cosmetic Products Induce Arthritis in the DA Rat
Authors: B. Sverdrup, L. Klareskog, S. Kleinau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Many different agents, including mineral oil and silicone, have the capacity to act as immunological adjuvants, i.e., they can contribute to the activation of the immune system. Some adjuvants, including mineral oil, are known to induce arthritis in certain strains of rats after intradermal injection or percutaneous application. The aim of this study was to determine if common commercial cosmetic products containing mineral oil could induce arthritis in the highly susceptible DA (Dark Agouti) rat. Intradermal injection of five out of eight assayed cosmetic products without further additives resulted in arthritis with synovitis. One of the products induced a very aggressive arthritis, which had declined after 5-9 weeks. When this product was also assayed for arthritogenicity upon percutaneous administration, it induced a mild and transient arthritis in 5 out of 10 DA rats, whereas control animals showed no clinical signs of joint involvement. No arthritic reaction was seen in rats after peroral feeding with the most arthritogenic product or by intravaginal application of Freund's adjuvants. Silicone gel implants in DA rats did not cause arthritis. We conclude that mineral oils included in common commercially available products retain their adjuvant properties and are arthritogenic in the presently investigated arthritis-prone rat strain. There is yet no evidence that mineral oils present in cosmetics may contribute to arthritis in humans, but we suggest that this question should be subject to further investigation.
Pentagastrin vs betazole as stimulant of gastric secretion. Comparative study in man
Authors: J. I. Isenberg
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In 20 male patients with various gastrointestinal disorders, gastric acid secretion was studied, once following administration of pentagastrin, 6μg/kg of body weight, and once following administration of betazole hydrochloride, 1.5 mg/kg, each injected subcutaneously. The peak responses to the two stimulants were not significantly different and were strongly correlated. The peak response to pentagastrin was more rapid in onset and less sustained than the response to betazole. Pentapeptide produced fewer side effects.
CHYLOUS ASCITES.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence of thromboembolism after stopping anticoagulant therapy. Relationship to hemorrhage at the time of termination
Authors: L. Michaels
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Anticoagulant therapy was discontinued because of hemorrhage on 74 occasions and stopped electively on 166 others, and the incidence of subsequent thromboembolism in these two populations compared. Patients were placed in low-, intermediate-, or high-risk categories, depending on the presence or absence of factors previously shown to be associated with significant differences in the incidence. The proportion of patients in the "hemorrhage" and "elective" populations who fell into each category was similar and the two populations were comparable in other relevant respects. Comparison by means of a chi-square contingency analysis failed to show any significant differences in the relapse rates during any part of the 16-week follow-up period. Stopping anticoaguant therapy because of hemorrhage is not therefore associated with a risk of thromboembolism which is demonstrably greater than that observed after discontinuing treatment electively.
Tularaemia
Authors: A. Tärnvik, L. Berglund
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2003)

Tularaemia is a zoonotic bacterial disease of the Northern hemisphere. The causative agent, Francisella tularensis , is spread to humans by direct contact with infected rodents or lagomorphs, aerogenic exposure, ingestion of contaminated food or water, or by arthropod bites. The prevalence of tularaemia shows a wide geographic variation. In some endemic regions, outbreaks occur frequently, whereas nearby rural parts of a country may be completely free. F. tularensis is a facultative intracellular pathogen and its primary mammalian target cell is the mononuclear phagocyte. When tularaemia is acquired via the skin, a primary ulcer is often detected and in general, regional lymph nodes become prominently enlarged. When contracted by inhalation, the disease may present with pneumonia. Nearly as frequent, however, is the development of fever and general illness with no respiratory symptoms and no pulmonary radiological changes. When present, the changes vary widely and may sometimes include hilar enlargement indistinguishable from that of lymphoma. Within an outbreak, the first case of tularaemia is not always readily diagnosed. A decade may have lapsed since the disease was encountered and its existence may be more or less forgotten. The difficulty refers especially to the respiratory form, in which symptoms are less specific. In cases of atypical pneumonia or acute febrile disease with no local symptoms, a history of exposure to hares or rodents or merely living in an endemic region should be sufficient to include tularaemia among differential diagnoses. The microbiological diagnosis of tularaemia relies mainly on serology, and the treatment on broad-spectrum antibiotics. For decades, a live vaccine has been successfully used in risk groups but is presently not available due to difficulties in standardisation.