tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV Testing in Pregnant Women
Authors: Inaam A. Nakchbandi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 December 1998HIV Testing in Pregnant WomenInaam A. Nakchbandi, MD, J. Craig Longenecker, MD, MPH, and David Gary Smith, MDInaam A. Nakchbandi, MDYale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06520Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21205Abington Memorial Hospital; Abington, PA 19001Search for more papers by this author, J. Craig Longenecker, MD, MPHYale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06520Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21205Abington Memorial Hospital; Abington, PA 19001Search for more papers by this author, and David Gary Smith, MDYale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06520Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21205Abington Memorial Hospital; Abington, PA 19001Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-12-199812150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSEDr. Wong suggests that we did not model the impact of false-positive HIV test results in our analysis. He also suggests that the principle of patient autonomy effectively argues against the implementation of any mandatory screening program.Testing for HIV is a two-step process, so that one must apply the operating characteristics sequentially. The combined specificity is on the order of 0.9999926 [1, 2]. Thus, the number of possible false-positive results out of 1.6 million screened women is approximately 11, not 16 000 as suggested by Dr. Wong. Second, and probably more important, any patient with positive results ...References1. Owens D, Nease R, Harris R. Cost-effectiveness of HIV screening in acute care settings. Arch Intern Med. 1996; 156:394-404. Google Scholar2. MacDonald K, Jackson B, Bowman R, Polesky H, Rhame F, Balfour H, et al. Performance characteristics of serologic test for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody among Minnesota blood donors. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 110:617-21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06520Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD 21205Abington Memorial Hospital; Abington, PA 19001 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1998Volume 129, Issue 12Page: 1075KeywordsFetusesHIVHIV infectionsPregnancyPublic policyRNASpecificityWestern blot Issue Published: 15 December 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Predisposition to Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Michael A. Poles
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 May 1994Predisposition to Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Gastrointestinal TractMichael A. Poles, MD, Edward A. Lew, MD, and Douglas T. Dieterich, MDMichael A. Poles, MDNew York University Medical Center; New York, NY 10016Search for more papers by this author, Edward A. Lew, MDNew York University Medical Center; New York, NY 10016Search for more papers by this author, and Douglas T. Dieterich, MDNew York University Medical Center; New York, NY 10016Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Goodgame's interesting review of cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal disease [1] overlooked several studies of its treatment in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In a placebo-controlled study, ganciclovir resulted in greater treatment success for cytomegalovirus colitis (63% compared with 37%), improved endoscopic scores, and decreased dissemination of cytomegalovirus disease [2]. Foscarnet was shown to induce remission in 67% of patients who were unresponsive to ganciclovir [3]. The concurrent use of these drugs may lead to response in 90% of patients who fail both drugs when they are used alone [4].The mortality rate for untreated cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal disease ...References1. Goodgame RW. Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:924-35. Google Scholar2. Dieterich DT, Kotler DP, Busch DF, Crumpacker C, DuMond C, Dearmand B, et al. Ganciclovir treatment of cytomegalovirus colitis in AIDS: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study. J Infect Dis. 1993; 167:278-82. Google Scholar3. Dieterich DT, Poles MA, Dicker M, Tepper R, Lew E. Foscarnet treatment of cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal infections in AIDS patients who have failed ganciclovir induction. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993; 88:542-8. Google Scholar4. Dieterich DT, Poles MA, Lew EA, Mendez PE, Murphy R, Addessi A, et al. Concurrent use of ganciclovir and foscarnet to treat cytomegalovirus infection in AIDS patients. J Infect Dis. 1993; 167:1184-8. Google Scholar5. Dieterich DT, Faust M, Simpson K, Farrel K, Johnson J, Martin-Munley S. Treatment of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection with twice daily foscarnet: a pilot study with pharmacokinetics in patients with HIV (Abstract). Ninth International Conference on AIDS. Berlin; 1993. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York University Medical Center; New York, NY 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 810-811KeywordsAIDSColitisCytomegalovirus infectionDeath ratesDrugsGastrointestinal tractMetastasisPatients Issue Published: 1 May 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Northern Overexposure
Authors: David J. Tenenbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The top of the world may look pristine, but the Arctic environment and its inhabitants contain surprisingly high levels of heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides, and nuclear radiation. Although the Arctic has few significant pollution sources, the contaminants are swept northward on ocean currents and winds from industrial regions. Once contaminants arrive, low temperatures and limited sunlight slow their decay, and bioaccumulation concentrates some of them to dangerous levels.
REPAGINATION
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhanced mast cell activation in mice deficient in the A2b adenosine receptor
Authors: Xiaoyang Hua, Martina Kovarova, Kelly D. Chason, MyTrang Nguyen, Beverly H. Koller, Stephen L. Tilley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Antigen-mediated cross-linking of IgE bound to mast cells via the high affinity receptor for IgE triggers a signaling cascade that results in the release of intracellular calcium stores, followed by an influx of extracellular calcium. The collective increase in intracellular calcium is critical to the release of the granular contents of the mast cell, which include the mediators of acute anaphylaxis. We show that the sensitivity of the mast cell to antigen-mediated degranulation through this pathway can be dramatically influenced by the A2b adenosine receptor. Loss of this Gs-coupled receptor on mouse bone marrow–derived mast cells results in decreased basal levels of cyclic AMP and an excessive influx of extracellular calcium through store-operated calcium channels following antigen activation. Mice lacking the A2b receptor display increased sensitivity to IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Collectively, these findings show that the A2b adenosine receptor functions as a critical regulator of signaling pathways within the mast cell, which act in concert to limit the magnitude of mast cell responsiveness when antigen is encountered.
Abstract 555: Heme-Oxygenase 1 Upregulation Attenuates Acute Myocardial Reperfusion Injury and Left Ventricular Remodeling in Rats
Authors: Rebecca E Tee
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Reperfusion injury occurring after reestablishment of blood flow after MI is thought to be mediated by reactive oxygen species and neutrophilic cellular damage. The Heme-Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) dependent decrease in oxidative stress may attenuate injury in part by inhibiting transcription factor NFκB-mediated inflammation. We tested the hypothesis that exogenous upregulation of HO-1 by hemin administration confers acute and chronic cardioprotection against I/R injury in rats and attenuates LV remodeling post-infarction. Methods: Six week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to sham, vehicle, or hemin-treated groups. Vehicle and hemin were administered i.p. once daily for 3 days prior to LAD occlusion, and 48 hours post-operatively once every 3 days. Infarct size was determined by H&amp;E histological analysis and fibrosis was quantified by Masson’s Trichrome staining. We used transthoracic echocardiography to assess LV size, function and wall motion. Results: Hemin increased HO-1 expression and decreased infarct size and fibrosis, and attenuated LV wall thinning and chamber dilatation in the short-term (4 days post-infarction). The decrease in infarct size and fibrosis in the hemin group was accompanied by a decrease in NF-κB activity. We observed no significant difference in infarct size and area of fibrosis between hemin and vehicle-treated groups at 3 months (p=0.6681, p=0.6382, respectively). Cavity dilatation did not differ between the two groups at 3 months, however attenuated interventricular septum thinning (p&lt;0.05) was observed in the hemin group compared with the vehicle group. Conclusion: HO-1 upregulation by hemin confers acute cardioprotection and decreased inflammation, possibly by inhibiting NF-κB activity, although chronic treatment with hemin does not prevent long-term LV remodeling post-MI. Future research should focus on optimal HO-1 upregulation to attenuate long-term LV remodeling due to reperfusion injury. Left Ventricle Wall and Chamber Dimensions
Acetaminophen Toxicity
Authors: Jerry R. Mitchell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

FOR the great majority of people, acetaminophen is safe if it is used appropriately. It is a good antipyretic agent that effectively relieves mild and moderate pain and has a minor antiinflammatory action. The drug has become highly popular and is available without prescription under several brand names and in many proprietary combinations with other drugs.As is true of many therapeutic agents, the increasing use and availability of acetaminophen have led to misuse by a segment of the population. The age and sex distribution of patients with acetaminophen poisoning corresponds to that for self-poisoning generally, the peak incidence being . . .
Erratum: Principal component analysis uncovers cytomegalovirus-associated NK cell activation in Ph+ leukemia patients treated with dasatinib
Authors: K Ishiyama, T Kitawaki, N Sugimoto, T Sozu, N Anzai, M Okada, M Nohgawa, K Hatanaka, N Arima, T Ishikawa, S Tabata, T Onaka, S Oka, Y Nakabo, R Amakawa, M Matsui, T Moriguchi, A Takaori-Kondo, N Kadowaki
Journal: Leukemia (2017)
Successful treatment of acquired pure red cell aplasia and acquired amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia with anti‐thymocyte globulin
Authors: Kouhei Ueda, Atsushi Matsubara, Nobuaki Kizuki, Yutaka Sato, Yoshitomo Oka, Toshio Hosaka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)
Sideroblastic anemias: Variations on imprecision in diagnostic criteria, proposal for an extended classification of sideroblastic anemias
Authors: Sibel Koc, John W. Harris
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Sideroblastic anemias are caused by a diversity of hereditary, congenital, or acquired disorders.Criteria used in describing sideroblastic anemias vary widely among standard medical textbooks and even so have been imprecisely applied in the literature.Recent discoveries concerning the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms involving the molecular biology of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, erythroid ALA synthase (ALAS-2), and iron transport have made the classification of sideroblastic anemias very complex.We recommend a more precise evaluation and documentation of the components that characterize the sideroblastic abnormality and propose an extended classification of the sideroblastic anemias.
Doctors help HIV-positive Haitian refugees gain freedom from US government detention camp
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

AFTER SPENDING up to 20 months behind barbed wire in a squalid detention camp, more than 300 Haitian refugees are now free in the United States, thanks in large part to a group of physicians who spoke out against the US government's incarceration of men, women, and children for "the crime of being infected with the human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]." At various times this year, more than a dozen physicians traveled to Camp Bulkley, the Haitian refugee detention camp at the US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to assess the refugees' plight, counsel them, and advocate improved conditions in the camp. The human rights project was headed by Douglas Shenson, MD, MPH, a board member of Doctors of the World, the New York, NY-based international medical relief organization affiliated with Médecins du Monde (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2481-2484). Among the physicians sent by the group to Guantanamo Bay to bear witness and
Efficacy and safety of lenalidomide oral monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: Results from an international study (NHL-003)
Authors: M. S. Czuczman, J. Vose, P. Zinzani, C. Reeder, R. Buckstein, C. Haioun, R. Bouabdallah, J. Polikoff, A. Ervin-Haynes, T. Witzig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e19504 Background: Patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are not cured with R-CHOP or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue have a dismal prognosis. A recent phase II trial (NHL-002) of lenalidomide in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) demonstrated a 19% overall response rate (ORR) with a 7-month median duration of response (DR) in the subset of patients with DLBCL. A supporting international phase II trial (NHL-003) of single-agent lenalidomide was initiated for patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive NHL that had received at least one prior treatment and had measurable disease. Herein, we report the data from the DLBCL patients enrolled in this trial. Methods: Patients received 25 mg oral lenalidomide once daily on days 1–21 of every 28-day cycle and continued therapy until disease progression or toxicity. The 1999 IWLRC methodology was used to assess response and progression. Results: One hundred-three DLBCL patients were enrolled and were evaluable for response assessment. The median age was 66 years (21–87) and 70 patients (68%) were male. Median time from diagnosis was 2 years (0.4–18.6), patients had received a median of 3 prior treatment regimens (1–10) and 46 of the patients (45%) had received a prior stem cell transplant (DLBCL-stem cell). Response rates are shown in the Table . Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurring in more than 5% of patients were neutropenia (34%), thrombocytopenia (18%), asthenia (9%), anemia (8%), leucopenia (7%), back pain (6%) and dyspnea (6%). Conclusions: This international study demonstrates that lenalidomide is active in heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed or refractory DLBCL and has manageable side effects. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Introduction to therapy of hepatitis C
Authors: Karen L. Lindsay
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Since the 1997 National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on management of hepatitis C there have been several important advances that significantly impact its therapy; notably the availability of sensitive, specific, and standardized assays for identifying hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the serum, the addition of ribavirin to alpha interferon, the pegylation of alpha interferon, and the demonstration that sustained virological response (SVR) is the optimal surrogate endpoint of treatment. Using pegylated interferon and ribavirin, virological response with relapse and nonresponse are less common, but remain poorly understood. Current studies are evaluating nonvirological endpoints of treatment, namely biochemical response and histological response. To date, definitive treatment trials have primarily been conducted in adult patients with elevated aminotransferase levels, clinically compensated chronic liver disease, and no other significant medical disorder. Limited data are available from studies of other patient populations, and the safety of interferon-based treatment has not yet been established in several patient groups. Future research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of viral response and clearance, to develop effective therapies for interferon nonresponse or intolerance, to define the role of complementary and alternative medicine and other nonspecific therapies, and to develop strategies for the optimal management and treatment of special patient populations who probably represent the majority of persons with chronic hepatitis C in the United States. (Hepatology 2002;36:S114-S120).
On overorganization and overregulation in medicine
Authors: G. J. Race
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The essential contributors to medical care consist of four major groups the professionals who treat patients; the hospitals, with 435 occupational groups; the professional schools; and the financial support structure. Each of these groups has its own major organization, for example, the American Medical Association, the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), and Blue Cross/Blue Shield. In recent years, we professionals and the government have imposed intolerable burdens on these primary groups in the form of hierarchic, supernumerary societies, supposedly designed to improve the functional delivery of health care. These multiple societies impede the professionals, the hospitals, the universities, and the financial groups to a point where virtually no perceived need can be met by timely action. For example, the Coordinating Council on Medical Education is made up of the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS), the AAMC, the AHA, the AMA, the Council of
Error in Figure 3
Authors: Nariman Sepehrvand, Wendimagegn Alemayehu, Justin Ezekowitz
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

In Reply We thank Fernandes et al for their interest in our study 1 and agree that this field requires further exploration.Explanatory trials are primed to maximize the likelihood of finding efficacy of an intervention by testing it in an ideal setting, whereas pragmatic trials aim to test effectiveness of an intervention in a more generalizable setting.Hence, they are expected to generate more generalizable results, with the risk understood that there may be more variation in less tightly controlled environments, which may result in differing results.In our study, 1 380 of 616 randomized clinical trials (61.7%) were positive for the primary end point, 56 (9.1%) were neutral for the primary end point but positive for at least one secondary end point, and 180 (29.2%) were neutral for both the primary and secondary end points.The proportion of trials with positive results was fairly stable over time, with 113 of 172 (65.7%), 104 of 168 (61.9%), 76 of 137 (55.5%), and 87 of 139 (62.6%) in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively.Compared with trials with neutral findings, randomized clinical trials that were positive for the primary end point had lower mean [SD] Pragmatic Explanatory Continuum Index Summary (PRECIS)-2 scores (3.17 [0.70] vs 3.42 [0.66]; P < .001);however, the Cohen d effect size of 0.36 denotes a small difference in the level of pragmatism between trials with positive and neutral findings. 1However, we would caution against the interpretation that the level of pragmatism is the root cause for the neutral results in these trials.Many other factors can play a role in the neutral findings, including the lack of an actual effect, the type of question being addressed, operational considerations, and patient or health system factors, among others.This is analogous to the considerations to trials using surrogate end points (eg, biomarkers), as trials with surrogate markers often yield positive results compared with trials that are focused on clinical end points. 2Pragmatic trials complement explanatory trials, as the intent is different, and we need to be comfortable that not all interventions work as hypothesized.
THE BLOOD PRESSURE IN RENAL TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal