tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How does bacterial DNA induce liver failure in cirrhosis? #
Authors: Pedro Zapater, Rubén Francés, Jose Such
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We thank Dr. Fujita and colleagues for their comments and this opportunity to discuss the questions raised regarding our recent investigation on bacterial DNA translocation in patients with cirrhosis. As pointed out by Dr. Fujita, cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) motifs present in bacterial DNA are strongly immunogenic ingredients in inducing a proinflammatory host response and have been intensively studied in the past. However, the presence of bacterial DNA in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is a relatively new line of research that still will require more efforts in answering the bunch of questions raised as the investigation goes on. In addition to the hypotheses stated in the text to explain the relationship between bacterial DNA and earlier and more frequent deaths among patients with advanced cirrhosis, other explanations may be possible. The effects of CpGs on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway are being studied in an experimental mouse model and will certainly generate new lines of investigation. In this model, liver injury seems to be mediated by CpG DNA, but is really caused by tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, in a subsequent study by the same authors, CpG DNA is reported to prevent liver injury by modulating the expression of certain kinases. Anyhow, translation of these results to patients with cirrhosis will need specifically designed studies. Another example is the implication of hepatoprotective protein A20 binding and inhibitor of NF-kappaB (ABIN-1) in a rat model of hemorrhagic shock. Decreased levels of expression of this protein have been associated with increased apoptosis, which in turn, is induced by CpG DNA. These data will provide new insights on the wide effects of bacterial DNA on the host, as well as the fine-tuned immune response established to challenge these bacterial products. It is likely that the consequences of the multiple immune reactions induced by the presence of bacterial DNA may be indeed different according to the field of research. Patients with advanced cirrhosis are characterized by a marked immune and hemodynamic instability. This fact makes them even more sensitive to the presence of bacterial DNA and likely other bacterial products that may further promote instability than patients without cirrhosis. According to our level of actual knowledge, it is not possible to assess which, among many, are the main reasons promoting a poor prognosis in patients with presence of bacterial DNA. New and multiple lines of research will be needed to answer these and probably many other questions that will likely arise in the future. Pedro Zapater*, Rubén Francés , Jose Such , * Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante, Spain, Liver Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Alicante, Spain.
Rationing intensive care
Authors: R. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Mr Lee claims that in our letter we were "attempting indirectly to smear" his work. On the contrary, our letter responded to the Editorial by Dr Rennie,<sup>1</sup>commented in general terms about letters to the editor written by individuals affiliated with the tobacco industry, and did not cite the original letter by Mr Lee.<sup>2</sup> We stated that "many (or most) of the letters written, generated, or otherwise paid for by the tobacco industry are characterized by poorly informed, misleading, or downright silly arguments." Space does not permit a detailed presentation of examples of industry-generated letters that match our characterization. But perhaps an example will help illustrate our point. Dr Sharon Boyse, with the British-American Tobacco Company, criticized an article about ETS, using the argument that "of the more than 30 studies currently published on this topic, the vast majority (around 80%) do not report a statistically
Dual roles for immune metagenes in breast cancer prognosis and therapy prediction
Authors: Angela Alistar, Jeff W Chou, Srikanth Nagalla, Michael A Black, Ralph D¿Agostino, Lance D Miller
Journal: Genome Medicine (2014)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer leads to considerable variability in clinical responses, with only 10 to 20% of cases achieving complete pathologic responses (pCR). Biological and clinical factors that determine the extent of pCR are incompletely understood. Mounting evidence indicates that the patient's immune system contributes to tumor regression and can be modulated by therapies. The cell types most frequently observed with this association are effector tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), such as cytotoxic T cells, natural killer cells and B cells. We and others have shown that the relative abundance of TILs in breast cancer can be quantified by intratumoral transcript levels of coordinately expressed, immune cell-specific genes. Through expression microarray analysis, we recently discovered three immune gene signatures, or metagenes, that appear to reflect the relative abundance of distinct tumor-infiltrating leukocyte populations. The B/P (B cell/plasma cell), T/NK (T cell/natural killer cell) and M/D (monocyte/dendritic cell) immune metagenes were significantly associated with distant metastasis-free survival of patients with highly proliferative cancer of the basal-like, HER2-enriched and luminal B intrinsic subtypes. Given the histopathological evidence that TIL abundance is predictive of neoadjuvant treatment efficacy, we evaluated the therapy-predictive potential of the prognostic immune metagenes. We hypothesized that pre-chemotherapy immune gene signatures would be significantly predictive of tumor response. In a multi-institutional, meta-cohort analysis of 701 breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, gene expression profiles of tumor biopsies were investigated by logistic regression to determine the existence of therapy-predictive interactions between the immune metagenes, tumor proliferative capacity, and intrinsic subtypes. By univariate analysis, the B/P, T/NK and M/D metagenes were all significantly and positively associated with favorable pathologic responses. In multivariate analyses, proliferative capacity and intrinsic subtype altered the significance of the immune metagenes in different ways, with the M/D and B/P metagenes achieving the greatest overall significance after adjustment for other variables. Gene expression signatures of infiltrating immune cells carry both prognostic and therapy-predictive value that is impacted by tumor proliferative capacity and intrinsic subtype. Anti-tumor functions of plasma B cells and myeloid-derived antigen-presenting cells may explain more variability in pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy than previously recognized.
2002 Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

The 2002 Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research is shared by Willem J. Kolff and Belding H. Scribner for the development of renal hemodialysis, which changed kidney failure from a fatal to a treatable disease, prolonging the useful lives of millions of patients.[⇓][1] ![Figure][2]</img
Radiological evaluation of velopharyngeal closure
Authors: M. L. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to add some remarks to the reports (<b>216</b>:2075, 1971) of papers presented by Hogan and Zaborsky at the plastic surgery meeting in Williamsburg, Va, concerned with the success and failure of pharyngeal flaps in eliminating nasality in patients with cleft palate. To achieve velopharyngeal closure, a pharyngeal flap must occupy the space between the lateral pharyngeal walls at their maximum medial movement during phonation. Flap width must be related to the degree of movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls and, therefore, should be individually tailored to the patient. A patient with very active lateral walls and a mobile palate needs a narrow flap, while a subject with poor lateral wall movement needs a wide flap. If the lateral walls exhibit no motion a flap may not be the best treatment. Instead, methods of mechanically stimulating the lateral walls should first be used in an
Ultrasonic diagnosis in and about the kidney
Authors: A. K. Freimanis
Journal: JAMA (1975)

EARLY in the investigation of ultrasonic diagnosis of retroperitoneal organs it became apparent that kidney parenchyma is highly transonic. As a result of the surrounding connective tissue, as well as the strong echo-producing characteristics of the structures in the renal hilum and pelvis, the kidneys yield a characteristic echographic appearance. Thus, the kidney has been one of the first organs examined by echographic scanning. With recent improvements in ultrasonic diagnostic technology, it has become even more accessible to evaluation by this method. The intravenous urogram is, of course, satisfactory for most diagnostic needs requiring renal imaging. Occasionally, however, one encounters a patient who has poor renal function or in whom for other reasons intravenous urography does not yield complete results. In such cases—and for some other applications—the new diagnostic tool of reflected ultrasound scanning has become useful, is now accepted as a clinical examination beyond the experimental stage, and yields
Generation of Biologically Active Substances in a Natural Gas Flame
Authors: Andrew G. Braun, Peyman Pakzaban, Majed A. Toqan, Janos M. Beer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Samples of gaseous and solid species taken from the central axis of a 1 megawatt heat-input natural gas flame were tested in vitro for mutagenic activity and teratogenic potential. Mutagenicity was determined by a Salmonella typhimurium forward mutation assay. Potential teratogenicity was indicated by the ability of samples to interfere with the attachment of mammalian cells to a lectin coated surface. Both the mutagenic and anti-attachment activities were found to peak in samples originating from the flame regions where the total polyaromatic compound (PAC) species concentration reached a maximum, indicating a strong correlation between PAC presence in the samples and biological activity. Additional anti-attachment activity was found close to the injection nozzle. No biologically active material was detected beyond the luminous portion of the flame.
Improving Patient Satisfaction and Quality of Care During Aesthetic Use of Botulinum Toxin
Authors: M. Laurin Council
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Choice of radioactive iodine treatment for thyroid cancer: Results from a population-based survey.
Authors: Lauren P. Wallner, David Reyes-Gastelum, Ann S. Hamilton, Kevin C. Ward, Sarah T. Hawley, Megan Rist Haymart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e18781 Background: For many patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, use of radioactive iodine (RAI) does not improve survival or reduce recurrence risks. Yet, many patients continue to receive RAI suggesting the need for a better understanding of patient perspectives regarding RAI decision making. Methods: All eligible sequentially diagnosed patients with thyroid cancer in 2014-15 from the Georgia and Los Angeles SEER registries were surveyed (N = 1,573). Patients were asked whether or not they felt they had a choice to receive RAI (yes/no), how strongly their physician recommended initial RAI treatment (5 point Likert responses: Strongly against RAI--Strongly recommended RAI) and whether they received RAI (yes/no). Patients also reported how satisfied they were with their decision about RAI (5-pt Likert-type scale), categorized as more (score ≥4) vs. less satisfied. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess 1) association between patient characteristics and perception of no RAI choice, 2) perception of no RAI choice with receipt of RAI and 3) perception of no RAI choice with decision satisfaction. Results: In this preliminary sample, over half of the respondents (52%) perceived they did not have a RAI choice, and the majority of them (69%) received RAI. The odds of perceiving no RAI choice was greater among Hispanic and Asian patients (Hispanic OR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1, 2.0; Asian OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 1.7, 4.3), those with less education (OR: 1.6, 95%CI: 1.2, 2.1), and those whose physician strongly recommended RAI (OR: 1.9, 95%CI: 1.4, 2.5). Patients who perceived they did not have a RAI choice were more likely to receive RAI (OR: 2.0, 95%CI: 1.3, 2.9) and report lower decision satisfaction (OR: 2.7, 95%CI: 2.0, 3.7), after adjustment for physician recommendation, age, race, and education. Conclusions: In this population-based study, many patients with thyroid cancer, particularly those of more vulnerable groups, did not feel they had a choice about whether or not to receive RAI. Patients who perceived they did not have a RAI choice were more likely to receive RAI and report lower decision satisfaction, suggesting a need for more shared treatment decision making.
Physical Performance as a Function of Age
Authors: Per-Olof Åstrand
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Several factors are of decisive importance for the individual's capacity to perform physical work: (1) energy output or motor power (aerobic energy yield and anaerobic energy yield); (2) neuromuscular function (strength and technique); and (3) psychological factors (tactics and motivation). Depending on the nature of the demand of job, sport event, or leisure time activity, one, two, or all factors are of great importance. It is therefore impossible to present one formula that takes into account all aspects of the individual's performance capacity. Natural endowment probably has the dominating influence on the physical work capacity but by training and practice any of the factors may be improved. Figure 1 presents an analysis of how the energy demand is covered during exhausting exercise; an experiment on a bicycle ergometer with a work load of 350 w is illustrated at left. From a mechanical efficiency of 22% the energy demand can be
Contents
Authors: R Moreau, R Bataller, T Berg, S Lotersztajn, J Zucman-Rossi, R Jalan, J Lazarus, J Perica, M Wiktor, R De Franchis, A Krag, X Ouyang, W Mehal, S Mahady, J George, Y Shimakawa, R Njie, G Ndow, M Vray, P Mbaye, P Bonnard, R Sombie, J Nana, V Leroy, J Bottero, P Ingiliz, G Post, B Sanneh, I Baldeh, P Suso, A Ceesay, A Jeng, H Njai, S Nayagam, U D'alessandro, I Chemin, M Mendy, M Thursz, M Lemoine, S Deuffic-Burban, A Huneau, A Verleene, C Brouard, J Pillonel, Y Strat, S Cossais, F Roudot-Thoraval, V Canva, P Mathurin, D Dhumeaux, Y Yazdanpanah, -H Wong, -Y Chan, Y.-K Tse, -F Yip, -Y Lam, Y Lui, -S Wong, P Meersseman, L Langouche, J Du Plessis, H Korf, M Mekeirele, W Laleman, F Nevens, A Wilmer, G Van Den Berghe, S Van Der Merwe, L Belli, G Perricone, R Adam, P Cortesi, M Strazzabosco, R Facchetti, V Karam, M Salizzoni, R Andujar, C Fondevila, P De Simone, C Morelli, J Fabregat, P Thuluvath, A Thuluvath, Y Savva, M Tong, N Che, L Zhou, S Luk, P Kau, S Chai, E Ngan, C.-M Lo, K Man, J Ding, T Lee, S Ma, F Connor, T Rayner, S Aitken, C Feig, M Lukk, J Santoyo-Lopez, D Odom, C.-P Segeritz, S Rashid, M De Brito, M Serra, A Ordonez, C Morell, J Kaserman, P Madrigal, N Hannan, L Gatto, L Tan, A Wilson, K Lilley, S Marciniak, B Gooptu, D Lomas, L Vallier, Y Wang, P Zhu, J Wang, X Zhu, J Luo, S Meng, J Wu, B Ye, L He, Y Du, R Chen, Y Tian, Z Fan, L Grønbaek, H Vilstrup, L Pedersen, K Christensen, P Jepsen, S Petta, G Sebastiani, E Bugianesi, M Vigano, -S Wong, A Berzigotti, A Fracanzani, Q Anstee, F Marra, M Barbara, V Calvaruso, C Camma, V Di, A Craxı, V De Ledinghen, T Shao, C Zhao, F Li, Z Gu, L Liu, L Zhang, Y Liu, Q Liu, Y Chen, H Donde, R Wang, V Jala, S Barve, S.-Y Chen, X Zhang, C Mcclain, W Feng, C Estes, M Arias-Loste, H Bantel, S Bellentani, J Caballeria, M Colombo, A Craxi, J Crespo, C Day, Y Eguchi, A Geier, L Kondili, D Kroy, R Loomba, M Manns, G Marchesini, A Nakajima, F Negro, V Ratziu, M Romero-Gomez, A Sanyal, J Schattenberg, F Tacke, J Tanaka, C Trautwein, L Wei, S Zeuzem, H Razavi, F De Chiara, S Heebøll, G Marrone, C Montoliu, S Hamilton-Dutoit, A Ferrandez, F Andreola, K Rombouts, H Grønbaek, V Felipo, R Mookerjee, K Thomsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
American Review of Respiratory Diseases, New York
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Active Versus Usual Algorithmic Titration of Basal Insulin and Point-of-Care Versus Laboratory Measurement of HbA1c on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Glycemic Optimization with Algorithms and Labs at Point of Care (GOAL A1C) trial 
Authors: L. Kennedy
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—The objective of this study was to assess the impact of active versus usual monitoring of algorithmic insulin titration and point-of-care (POC) versus laboratory HbA1c (A1C) measurement on glycemic control in primary care.
Myoglobinuria precipitated by viral infection
Authors: B. S. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A 30-year-old man had an episode of acute myoglobinuria in association with infection due to type A2 (Hong Kong) influenza virus in December 1968. He was well until he again experienced myoglobinuria in July 1972. This episode was in association with a coxsackievirus B5 infection. The occurrence of two separate instances of myoglobinuria with demonstrated virus infections is interpreted as clear evidence that virus infections can precipitate rhabdomyolysis.
AB0016 Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) Gene Variant Rs2004640 is Associated with Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: S. Vosslamber, A.V. Sijl, C. Bos, A. Voskuyl, M. Nirmohamed, C. Verweij
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease and is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Interferons (IFNs), especially IFNβ, might play a role in atherosclerosis as they are known inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia. <h3>Objectives</h3> We studied whether functional relevant SNPs in the interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene are associated with carotic intima media thickness (cIMT), a surrogate maker for CV disease. <h3>Methods</h3> In 353 RA patients of the CARRΈ study, <i>IRF5</i> SNPs rs2004640 and rs4728142 were determined using Taqman Genotyping assay. cIMT was determined in 101 patients by B-mode ultrasonography. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate the association between cIMT and <i>IRF5</i> genotypes, adjusted for demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. <h3>Results</h3> Patients homozygous for rs2004640 G-allele had higher cIMT compared to those homozygote for the T-allele (p=0.019) and a trend towards higher cIMT was observed (p=0.103) for patients homozygous for the rs4728142 G-allele versus patients with the AA-genotype. Age was an effect-modifier for this association. Linear regression analysis in patients older than 60 years showed that the rs2004640 GG-genotype was associated with higher cIMT (regression coefficient 0.107 (C.I. 0.008; 0.205), p=0.035) compared to the TT-genotype. This remained significant after adjustment for traditional risk factors (regression coefficient 0.111 (C.I. 0. 02; 0.202), p=0.020). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrate that <i>IRF5</i> gene variant rs2004640 is associated with preclinical atherosclerosis in RA patients, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. These results might implicate a role for type I IFN in modulating CV disease features in RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4922