tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply
Authors: Minjong Lee, Jeong‐Hoon Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We appreciate the valuable comments by Dr. Lo concerning our recently published article.1 However, we must respectfully disagree with several statements. First, a previous study, which Dr. Lo cited, suggested that sustained viral suppression using lamivudine is important in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, but not focused on the duration of lamivudine treatment. In propensity score (PS)‐matched analyses for our study, viral breakthrough rates were well balanced between antiplatelet and non‐antiplatelet groups. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in the antiplatelet group in our study were older and had a lower hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positivity than those in the non‐antiplatelet group. In multivariable analyses for our study, being older was an independent risk factor for HCC development, but HBeAg positivity was not. PS‐matched analyses in our study demonstrated that antiplatelet therapy was associated with a significantly lower risk of HCC development after balancing age and HBeAg positivity. The five‐year cumulative HCC incidence rate of 5.2% in the non‐antiplatelet group of our study was comparable to that of studies performed in South Korea.2 Different 5‐year cumulative incidence rates exist for HCC development (2.7%‐11.8%) according to HCC genotypes, baseline characteristics (prevalence of cirrhosis, age), or study design.2 Although 5‐year cumulative HCC incidence rates of 2.7%‐3.7% in the indicated Japanese studies were lower than those of our study, these may have resulted from patients being of younger ages or hepatitis B virus (HBV) of diverse genotypes compared with those in our study population. Most of the Korean CHB patients (>98%) had an HBV genotype C2 associated with greater HCC risk3 than other genotypes prevalent in Japan. Finally, it is unreasonable to pool all malignancies without considering all possible risk factors for each cancer given that HCC and other malignancies seldom share all risk factors. Incidence rates of all malignancies except HCC affected by antiplatelet use should be evaluated in further large‐scale studies with different designs considering all risk factors for each cancer. In our study, there may be inherent limitations from a retrospective study design. To establish a higher level of evidence, further large‐scale, prospective studies with a randomized, controlled design are needed to confirm the chemopreventive effect of antiplatelets on HCC development under the control of potential prognostic factors. Unfortunately, we found an erratum in Table 1: One patient in the aspirin group belonged to Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh class C. We sincerely regret this mistake and will correct Table 1.
The Congress and animal experimentation
Authors: M. B. Visscher
Journal: JAMA (1966)

For the second time in its history the Congress of the United States is seriously considering legislation dealing with various aspects of regulation of the use of animals in research and teaching. On the first occasion at about the turn of the last century one House of Congress passed a bill which would have established in this country a system comparable to that in force in Great Britain, the Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876, which Sir William Osler called "the drastic act which has so hampered medical research in the British Isles." His characterization has proved to be tragically correct, especially in surgery. Professor William H. Welch led the medical and related biological research and educational groups in educational activity which brought defeat of the bill in the other House, and saved the people not only of this country but of the world from the tragedy of an unnecessarily
MUNICIPAL CONTRACT PRACTICE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase II Trial of Thalidomide for Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Robert J. Motzer, William Berg, Michelle Ginsberg, Paul Russo, Jacqueline Vuky, Richard Yu, Jennifer Bacik, Madhu Mazumdar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To assess efficacy and toxicity of thalidomide in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with RCC were treated with thalidomide at a starting dose of 200 mg daily. Thalidomide was increased by 200 mg every 2 weeks until a maximum dose of 800 mg or prohibitive toxicity was reached. Fifteen patients had prior nephrectomy, 11 patients had no prior systemic therapy, and 15 had received one prior systemic regimen. RESULTS: A maximum dose of 800 mg, 600 mg, 400 mg, and 200 mg was reached in five, 10, eight, and three patients, respectively. Grade 2 and 3 dyspnea occurred in four and three patients, respectively. Grade 2 and 3 neurologic toxicity was observed in five and two patients, respectively. Of the 25 assessable patients, the best response was stable disease in 16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 43% to 82%) patients. The 6-month progression-free survival rate was 32% (95% CI, 14% to 50%). Three patients achieved prolonged stable disease of 16, 16+, and 18+ months, including two patients who were refractory to previous cytokine therapy. Fifty-seven percent were alive at 1 year (95% CI, 37% to 76%). CONCLUSION: This trial does not support the routine use of thalidomide to induce partial response for metastatic RCC. Because disease stabilization occurs as a part of the natural history of metastatic RCC, the potential effect of thalidomide on progression-free and overall survival for patients with advanced RCC is being addressed in a randomized phase III trial. New immunomodulatory analogs of thalidomide that have shown potentially greater antitumor effects in preclinical models warrant study in metastatic RCC.
Effects of Testosterone Therapy and Weight Training in Men with Normal Testosterone Levels and AIDS Wasting
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients5 September 2000Effects of Testosterone Therapy and Weight Training in Men with Normal Testosterone Levels and AIDS WastingSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-5-200009050-00005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?AIDS wasting is a condition in which persons infected with HIV lose muscle tissue; this loss can lead to poor strength and disability. Testosterone is a natural hormone that helps to build muscle. Several studies have shown that testosterone treatment and weight training can increase body muscle in men with AIDS wasting who have low levels of testosterone. However, it is not known whether testosterone plus weight training would have a similar effect in men who have normal testosterone levels to begin with (men who are “eugonadal”). It ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Effects of Testosterone and Progressive Resistance Training in Eugonadal Men with AIDS Wasting. A Randomized, Controlled Trial.” It is in the 5 September 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 348-355). The authors are S Grinspoon, C Corcoran, K Parlman, M Costello, D Rosenthal, E Anderson, T Stanley, D Schoenfeld, B Burrows, D Hayden, N Basgoz, and A Klibanski.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEffects of Testosterone and Progressive Resistance Training in Eugonadal Men with AIDS Wasting Steven Grinspoon , Colleen Corcoran , Kristin Parlman , Madeline Costello , Dan Rosenthal , Ellen Anderson , Takara Stanley , David Schoenfeld , Belton Burrows , Doug Hayden , Nesli Basgoz , and Anne Klibanski Metrics 5 September 2000Volume 133, Issue 5Page: I-40KeywordsAIDSBloodBody weightCholesterolHigh density lipoproteinMuscle tissueMusclesPatientsQuality of lifeTestosterone ePublished: 5 September 2000 Issue Published: 5 September 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE WELTMER DECISION.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health Effects of Coal Mining and Combustion: Carcinogens and Cofactors
Authors: Hans L. Falk, William Jurgelski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Some polynuclear aromatics (PNA) have been found to be potent carcinogens for all tissues and organs of experimental animals that have been exposed to them, but different dose levels are needed for these effects. They have been known for decades to cause cancer at the site of application but also at certain sites distant from the area of contact. Although some hydrocarbons are potent and complete carcinogens, the majority of related hydrocarbons was originally found to be inactive. Since they generally appear together, it was important to know more about their interaction, particularly whether they would synergize, or antagonize. The polycyclic hydrocarbons have been studied by subcutaneous injection, where they prove very potent carcinogens. They are also very active on the skin of mice where they produce cancer on prolonged application. Inhalation studies, require larger doses yielded negative results until particulate matter was introduced which facilitated the development of lung tumors. Although iron oxide dust was used initially, other dusts were also capable of enhancing the response of the tissue to benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenesis. This point is of importance, particularly since the inhalation of PNA in situations of air pollution or coal mining involves particulates, although of a different type. Soot is not a homogenous substance and several factors determine its properties. Soots will lose some of the absorbed chemicals during their residence in air, but they retain their PNAs for long periods of time when they reach the soil. The carcinogenicity of PNAs in the adsorbed state may be completely absent, depending on particle size of the soot and availability of eluting capability of the tissues or cells in contact with the soot. Whenever the carcinogenic polynuclear aromatics can be eluted they will be active in producing cancer if their residence is adequate. There seems to be no reason to assume that a large increase in coal combustion in the future will by necessity lead to greater risks of cancer to the coal miners or the general urban dweller, because activities to be started now can take into consideration the requirements necessary for control of air pollution in mines as well as in cities. If new uses of coal will be developed, it will be a completely different situation, and statements about the carcinogenic risk from coal utilization do not apply there. Although some of the same carcinogenic PNAs are involved in the health hazards from those processes, other carcinogens and also cocarcinogens will be present, and the exposed workers will not have the apparent benefits of adsorption of PNAs on soot.
CancerNet
Authors: Gregory F. Pratt
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Despite all the superhighway metaphors, supporting patient care with information from the Internet is still a major challenge. Fueled by economical computer disk space, biomedical resources continue to proliferate, often with little oversight or appraisal. Especially when validity is essential, sifting through this mass of unsubstantiated information is an impractical task. The National Cancer Institute's (NCI's) CancerNet and companion document delivery system, CancerFax, are notable exceptions. Together, they provide a medical information service worthy of emulation. CancerNet is composed of portions of the PDQ (Physician Data Query) and CANCERLIT databases, NCI Fact Sheets, and a CancerNet News section. In total, it comprises about 500 documents, which can be accessed through both gopher and World Wide Web (WWW) servers. The documents are well referenced and frequently point to additional sources of information. CANCERLIT and PDQ are also available from the National Library of Medicine (eg, via Grateful Med) and commercial database
Shrinking the prostate.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEIA JOURA 53 normally absent at birth they are found if there has been an intrauterine virus infection such as rubella.3Suggestive evidence of elevated IgA and IgM at birth was in fact found in the single newborn case so far tested.Unexpected findings in this investigation were significant elevations of maternal IgM and significant decreases in the siblings' IgA levels compared to controls.There is no simple explanation for these findings.The tendency to elevation in maternal IgM might possibly indicate a chronic virus infection, as might also the presence of IgM in the single newborn sibling so far studied.The lower level of IgA in healthy siblings is of interest since this same pattern of deficiency was found in untreated cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia by E. M. McKelvey and P. P. Carbone.4These observations raise the alternative possibility
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Public Medicine
Authors: J. Simon
Journal: BMJ (1881)

the same direction, not, it may be hoped, without mutual profit and advantage.Gentlemen, I feel that I ought not longer to tax your attention; but, having declared this section of the Congress open, that we shall pre- pare ourselves to listen with appreciation and enjoyment to those varied and valuable contributions to the literature of our speciality with which we are so liberally favoured both from home and foreign sources.And first your attention will be asked for the always welcome utter- ances of one whose contributions to science during a long series of years, many of them having a direct interest for our own speciality, and almost unparalleled for number and value, have made his name a household word in both hemispheres-I mean Professor Owen.We feel grateful for his presence here to-day, which will confer prestige on
Amoebic Hepatitis
Authors: R. C. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1947)

and also in primary suppurative meningitis due to the pneumo- coccus and nmany due to H. influenzae (Pfeiffer) is not ques- tioned, but in meningococcal cases its superiority to oral and systemic sulphonamides has not been established, and its use is attended with unjustifiable risks.-Iam, etc.,
Mammographic Screening for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age
Authors: Edward A. Sickles
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 October 1995Mammographic Screening for Women 40 to 49 Years of AgeEdward A. Sickles, MD and Daniel B. Kopans, MDEdward A. Sickles, MDUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114Search for more papers by this author and Daniel B. Kopans, MDUniversity of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-8-199510150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Jatoi claims that “no evidence” suggests that mammographic screening is superior to clinical breast examination alone in reducing breast cancer-related mortality for any age group. Review of data from randomized, controlled trials, however, shows the following facts: 1) According to the most recent results from all the trials combined, screening significantly reduces breast cancer-related mortality in the ages studied as initially designed [range, 40 to 74 years]; 2) whereas three trials involve screening with both mammography and clinical breast examination, five trials involve screening with mammography alone [no trial involves screening with breast examination alone]; and 3) ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 October 1995Volume 123, Issue 8Page: 635KeywordsAge groupsBiopsyBreast cancerBreast cancer screeningCancer screeningCarcinoma in situClinical trialsHealth insuranceMammographyMortality Issue Published: 15 October 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The HMGB1/RAGE axis triggers neutrophil-mediated injury amplification following necrosis
Authors: Peter Huebener, Jean-Philippe Pradere, Celine Hernandez, Geum-Youn Gwak, Jorge Matias Caviglia, Xueru Mu, John D. Loike, Rosalind E. Jenkins, Daniel J. Antoine, Robert F. Schwabe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2019)
Subsequent neoplasia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: D. Manusow
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We performed a retrospective analysis of all 102 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated by the Hematology Service of the University of Manitoba from Jan 1, 1955, to April 1, 1974. The incidence of secondary cancer was compared with that in the Cancer Registry population of Manitoba of the same age and sex distribution. The risk of all cancers developing in patients with CLL was threefold that for the age- and sex-matched population, eightfold for skin cancers, and twofold for all cancers excluding skin cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>232:267-269, 1975)
Crohn's disease: factors associated with exposure to high levels of diagnostic radiation
Authors: A N Desmond, K O'Regan, C Curran, S McWilliams, T Fitzgerald, M M Maher, F Shanahan
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Aims:</h3> Exposure to diagnostic radiation may be associated with increased risk of malignancy. The aims of this study were to (1) examine patterns of use of imaging in Crohn’s disease; (2) quantify the cumulative effective dose (CED) of diagnostic radiation received by patients; and (3) identify patients at greatest risk of exposure to high levels of diagnostic radiation. <h3>Methods:</h3> 409 patients with Crohn’s disease were identified at a tertiary centre. CED was calculated retrospectively from imaging performed between July 1992 and June 2007. High exposure was defined as CED&gt;75 mSv, an exposure level which has been reported to increase cancer mortality by 7.3%. Complete data were available for 399 patients. 45 were excluded (20 attended outside the study period, 25 were primarily managed at other centres). <h3>Results:</h3> Use of computed tomography increased significantly and accounted for 77.2% of diagnostic radiation. Mean CED was 36.1 mSv and exceeded 75 mSv in 15.5% of patients. Factors associated with high cumulative exposure were: age &lt;17 years at diagnosis (hazard ratio 2.1, confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 4.1), upper gastrointestinal tract disease (odds ratio (OR) 2.4, CI 1.2 to 4.9), penetrating disease (OR 2.0, CI 1.0 to 3.9) and requirement for intravenous steroids (OR 3.7, CI 2.0 to 6.6); infliximab (OR 2.3, CI 1.2 to 4.4); or multiple (&gt;1) surgeries (OR 2.7, CI 1.4 to 5.4). <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Identifiable subsets of patients with Crohn’s disease are at risk of exposure to significant amounts of diagnostic radiation. Given the background risk of neoplasia and exposure to potentially synergistic agents such as purine analogues and other immune modulators, specialist centres should develop low-radiation imaging protocols.