tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Irreversible Binding and Adrenocorticolytic Activity of the DDT Metabolite 3-Methylsulfonyl-DDE Examined in Tissue-Slice Culture
Authors: Orjan Lindhe, Bert-Ove Lund, Ake Bergman, Ingvar Brandt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The persistent adrenocorticolytic DDT metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-DDE (MeSO(2)-DDE) was originally identified in Baltic grey seals, a population suffering from adrenocortical hyperplasia. In mice, MeSO(2)-DDE induces mitochondrial degeneration and cellular necrosis in the adrenal zona fasciculata. In this study, we used precision-cut tissue slice culture to examine local CYP11B1-catalyzed irreversible binding of MeSO(2)-DDE in the murine adrenal cortex. We also examined effects on steroid hormone secretion, histology, and ultrastructure. As determined by microautoradiography, selective binding occurred in zona fasciculata of slices exposed to MeSO(2)-[(14)C]-DDE. Quantification of binding by phosphorautoradiography revealed a 3-fold reduction of binding in slices co-exposed to the CYP11B1 inhibitor metyrapone. As measured by HPLC, corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone secretion to the medium increased linearly for at least 24 hr. Addition of the ACTH analog tetracosactide caused an 8-fold increase in corticosterone secretion. Addition of metyrapone reduced corticosterone secretion 4-fold. Exposure of slices to MeSO(2)-DDE (50 microM) reduced the rate of corticosterone secretion by 90% after 24 hr of incubation. As determined by electron microscopy, vacuolated mitochondria were present in zona fasciculata of slices exposed to MeSO(2)-DDE (50 microM) for 24 hr. Our findings show that all effects of MeSO(2)-DDE previously reported in vivo could be reproduced in adrenal slice culture ex vivo. This test system allows analysis of zone-specific irreversible binding and effects on steroid hormone secretion and target cell ultrastructure. We propose adrenal slice culture as a simple ex vivo test system with which to examine the adrenocorticolytic activity of xenobiotics in human and wild animal tissue.
The Secreted Tyrosine Kinase Vlk Is Essential for Normal Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation
Authors: Leila Revollo, Glenn Merrill-Skoloff, Karen De Ceunynck, James Dilks, Mattia Bordoli, Christian Peters, Leila Noetzli, Andreia Ionescu, Vicki Rosen, Joseph E. Italiano, Malcolm Whitman, Robert Flaumenhaft
Journal: Blood (2020)
Diagnosis and Initial Management of Nonmalignant Diseases Related to Asbestos
Authors: Tee L. Guidotti, Carl A. Brodkin, David Christiani, Michael R. Harbut, Gunnar Hillerdal, John R. Balmes, Philip Harber, Francis H. Y. Green, William N. Rom, Gregory R.Wagner, Albert Miller
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)
Actual Causes of Death in the United States
Authors: Raleigh R. White
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the Review by Drs McGinnis and Foege,<sup>1</sup>no specific reference is made to lives lost to abortion. Under the heading "Sexual Behavior," they mention 5000 deaths from excess infant mortality rates among those whose pregnancies were unintended.<sup>2</sup>Informal estimates range from more than 1 million to approaching 2 million US deaths a year to abortion, but hard data are sorely needed. The total number of deaths reported by McGinnis and Foege for 1990 was only 1 060 000. If such a massive loss of life to a single cause, such as abortion, could be documented and reported, surely it would be of some interest to policymakers. Years of life lost to abortion generate a huge financial number as one calculates monetary consequences of years of productive life lost. Not reporting the abortion statistics may have significant social consequences. The ostrich approach to this undeniable
MEDICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
VACATIONS FOR CITY PEOPLE.
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IgG subclasses in smokers with chronic bronchitis and recurrent exacerbations
Authors: I Qvarfordt, G C Riise, B A Andersson, S Larsson
Journal: Thorax (2001)

BACKGROUND Tobacco smokers have lower serum levels of IgG than non-smokers. IgG subclass deficiency is common in patients with recurrent respiratory infections. Recurrent bronchial infections are common in smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB). We have investigated whether susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is associated with altered IgG subclass levels or IgG subclass deficiency. METHODS Serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgG subclasses 1–4 were determined by radial immunodiffusion in 100 subjects: 33 smokers with stable CB and recurrent exacerbations, 24 asymptomatic smokers, and 43 healthy never smokers. Systemic tobacco exposure was verified and excluded using a serum cotinine ELISA. Immunoglobulin data were log transformed to enable use of parametric statistical methods. RESULTS Compared with never smokers, both patients with CB and asymptomatic smokers had significantly lower levels of IgG (median 9.7 g/l (range 5.6–15.2) and 9.9 (6.1–12.1) g/l v 12.0 (6.9–18.5) g/l) and IgG2 (2.8 (0.9–5.9) g/l and 2.5 (1.0–6.3) g/l v 4.0 (1.7–10.2) g/l). The estimated ratio of median values between the patients with CB and never smokers was 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.89) for IgG and 0.65 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83) for IgG2. The corresponding ratios between asymptomatic smokers and never smokers were 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 to 0.91) and 0.60 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.83), respectively. There were no significant differences between the smoking groups. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to recurrent exacerbations in smokers with CB is not associated with lower levels of IgG subclasses than can be accounted for by smoking per se.
Abstract 270: Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Survival By 26S Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of Wilms’ Tumor 1-Associating Protein
Authors: Theodore W Small, J. Geoffrey Pickering
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) is a culprit event in atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. We recently discovered that Wilms’ tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) is a dynamically expressed transcriptional regulator that can be pro-apoptotic for human SMCs (Circ Res, 2006). To identify upstream regulators of this nuclear protein, we screened growth factors for their capacity to impact WTAP expression and found that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a potent survival factor for SMCs, stimulated a striking decline in WTAP protein abundance, to 10% at 12 h. We further determined that this decline in WTAP was due specifically to WTAP protein degradation, established by pulse-chase analysis of 35 S-labeled WTAP and the absence of an acute effect of IGF-1 on WTAP mRNA abundance. IGF-1-mediated WTAP degradation was blocked by two mechanistically distinct IGF-1 receptor inhibitors (picropodophyllin and PQ401) and by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase but not by MEK inhibition. In addition, IGF-1 induced the association of WTAP with ubiquitin, established by coimmunoprecipitation, and the downregulation of WTAP by IGF-1 was abrogated by inhibiting 26S proteasome activity with lactacystin or MG132. Interestingly, IGF-1 also stimulated phosphorylation of WTAP, that preceded the association of WTAP with ubiquitin, and hyperphosphorylation of WTAP through phosphatase-inhibition further accelerated WTAP degradation. Finally, to determine if WTAP downregulation was necessary for IGF-1-mediated SMC survival, surface expression of phosphatidylserine was quantified by flow cytometry of SMCs infected with retrovirus containing WTAP cDNA. Whereas IGF-1 enhanced the survival of vector-infected SMCs this was completely abrogated in WTAP-overexpressing SMCs. Conclusions: IGF-1-mediated SMC survival is dependent on the rapid depletion of WTAP from the nucleus, a degradation cascade that is heralded by WTAP phosphorylation. This WTAP phosphorylation and clearance response represents a novel consequence of PI3-kinase activation and highlights WTAP as a key negative regulator of SMC survival during vascular remodeling.
Miscellany
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by patients enrolled in phase I clinical trials
Authors: S. Mandrekar, G. K. Dy, A. Furth, L. Bekele, L. Hanson, J. Sloan, A. A. Adjei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8053 Background: CAM usage among cancer patients is common, but usage in patients enrolled in phase I trials is unknown. There are potential pharmacologic interactions between CAM agents and experimental cancer therapies. This study describes the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and patterns of CAM use among patients enrolled in phase I trials. Methods: Investigator-designed questionnaires were administered to 108 patients with advanced malignancies enrolled in phase I chemotherapy trials at Mayo Clinic. CAM was classified as pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic. Results: 88.2% of respondents (90/102) used at least one CAM modality of whom 93.3% (84/90) used pharmacologic and 53.3% (48/90) used non-pharmacologic form of CAM. 46.7% (42/90) combined both approaches. 91.1% of CAM users had received prior standard chemotherapy. Overall, CAM use was higher among females than males (53.5% vs. 40.4%). Vitamin and mineral supplements (vitamin E 48.8%; vitamin C 38.1%) constituted 89.3% of pharmacologic CAM use. 71.4% of patients took non-vitamin, non-mineral pharmacologic CAM preparations of which green tea (29.8%), echinacea (13.1%) and essiac (9.5%) were the most popular. Spirituality (prayer and faith) was the most commonly practiced non-pharmacologic form of CAM, accounting for 52.1%. Chiropractors, the most frequently visited non-traditional medical practitioners, were consulted by only 10% of CAM users. Conclusion: CAM use is widespread among phase I patients. This increases the potential for anti-cancer drug interactions with such CAM agents as green tea and echinacea which are known to affect hepatic drug metabolism. Essiac contains cytotoxic anthraquinones and other substances that interact with hormone receptors ( e.g. estrogen). Investigators should ascertain the CAM therapies utilized by patients as interactions between CAM agents and experimental agents can potentially lead to increased toxicity or alter efficacy of experimental drug therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
LETTER FROM NEW YORK.
Authors: None P. B. P.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) <i>Remedies for Typhoid Fever—Annual Meeting of New York County Medical Association—Meeting of Pathological Society—Death-Rate in New York</i>. While there was certainly very little that was new brought out in the discussion on the treatment of typhoid fever at the last meeting of the Academy of Medicine, the general opinion expressed was somewhat significant from the fact that very much less stress was laid upon the use of baths and other applications of cold than by Dr. Bausch, in the paper on " Hydrotherapy " which he read before the Academy in the autumn, and by several of the speakers who took part in the discussion of it. The principal paper of the evening was by Prof. Wm. H. Thomson, of the University Medical School, whose deductions were mainly based on the typhoid cases which he had met with in his service at the Roosevelt Hospital during the past
Are functional constipation and constipation-subtype irritable bowel syndrome distinct with respect to 5-hydroxytryptamine signalling and motor-sensory function?
Authors: C. Shekhar, P. Monaghan, J. Adaway, J. Morris, P. Whorwell, B. Keevil, L. A. Houghton
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent studies suggest that patients identified by Rome III criteria for functional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) are not distinct groups. We have shown that patients with IBS-C exhibit limited 5-HT response to meal ingestion, with plasma concentrations remaining similar to fasting. Our aim was to determine whether patients with FC show a similar 5-HT meal response as IBS-C, and to investigate relationships to motor-sensory function. <h3>Methods</h3> 23 IBS-C patients (aged 19–50 years; Rome III), 11 FC patients (25–46 years; Rome III) and 23 healthy volunteers (HV) (20–49 years) were recruited. Plasma 5-HT concentrations were measured under fasting (2 h) and fed (4 h) conditions. Within 2 weeks, oro-caecal (hydrogen breath) and colonic (radio-opaque markers followed by X-ray) transit, along with rectal sensitivity (barostat) were determined. <h3>Results</h3> FC and IBS-C had similarly reduced 5-HT responses to meal ingestion (mean increase from fasting (SD), FC: −1.1 nmol/l (±6.9), p=0.1; IBS-C: −1.9 nmol/l (±7.0), p=0.02) compared with HV (+ 4.7 nmol/l (±9.6)), but comparable fasting 5-HT concentrations (FC: 34.2 nmol/l (±13.2); IBS-C: 27.8 nmol/l (±17.3); HV: 27.0 nmol/l (±9.6)). Likewise, FC and IBS-C have reduced colonic (FC: 61.6 h (±17.9), p=0.001; IBS-C: 55.6 h (±18.5), p=0.001 vs HV: 34.6 h (±17.8)) but not orocecal ((FC: 321.4 min (±96.6); IBS-C: 311.7 min (±96.6) vs HV: 301.8 min (±87.5)) transit compared with HV. Only rectal sensitivity differed, with IBS-C exhibiting lower pain thresholds (23.4 mm Hg (±8.3), p=0.03) but not FC (32.7 mm Hg (±12.2) compared with HV (30.7 mm Hg (±8.2)). Moreover, although the 5-HT meal response was similar between hyper- (−0.7 nmol/l (±4.9)), normo- (−1.5 nmol/l (±7.5) and hypo- (−4.7 nmol/l (±7.8)) sensitive constipated patients, those with hypo-sensitivity (FC (27%) and IBS-C (4%)) had higher fasting and fed 5-HT concentrations (fasting: 44.3 nmol/l (±17.2), fed: 39.6 nmol/l (±20.8), p=0.001 and p=0.08, respectively) compared with HV (24.7 nmol/l (±7.5), 27.9 nmol/l (±9.5)). Hyper- (20.4 nmol/l (±7.6), 19.7 nmol/l (±5.6)) and normo- (30.7 nmol/l (±16.6), 29.2 nmol/l (±16.8)) sensitive patients were no different from HV. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There appears to be no distinction between FC and IBS-C patients with respect to 5-HT meal response and GI transit, although IBS-C patients are more viscerally sensitivity. Hypo-sensitive constipated patients appear to have a distinct 5-HT profile.
CLASSIFICATION OF POLYMYOSITIS
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pediatric Oncology
Authors: Richard J. Labotka
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cluster sampling
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Researchers investigated the effectiveness of providing smoking cessation support to adult smokers admitted to hospital. A cluster randomised controlled trial study design was used. The intervention comprised systematic smoking ascertainment and default provision of behavioural support and cessation pharmacotherapy for the duration of the hospital stay, with follow-up and referral to community services after discharge. Control treatment comprised usual care, with cessation support delivered at the initiative and discretion of clinical staff.1 Participants were recruited using cluster sampling. Smokers and recent ex-smokers admitted to 18 acute medical wards in one large UK teaching hospital between 11 October 2010 and 9 August 2011 were invited to take part. In total, 493 patients were recruited. Wards were allocated to treatment using random allocation, stratified by the number of discharges per week. Nine wards were allocated to each treatment, resulting in 264 patients receiving the intervention and 229 the control treatment. The primary outcome measure was smoking cessation at four weeks, validated by measuring exhaled carbon monoxide. A greater proportion of the intervention group achieved smoking cessation at four weeks compared with controls (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 0.96 to 4.61; P=0.06). It was concluded that improvements in smoking cessation among smokers and recent ex-smokers admitted to hospital can be achieved by systematic ascertainment and delivery of cessation support in secondary care. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Retinal detachment after cataract removal
Authors: Jack Hartstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letters of both Dr Perlstein and Dr Williams commenting on my reply inThe Journal. I am afraid both gentlemen missed the point! The original question was whether to recommend phacoemulsification for the right eye in this elderly patient, and I was merely trying to point out that phacoemulsification was contraindicated. I furthermore did not state exclusively that the patient should be operated on and fitted with an extended-wear contact lens. The statement says that I would recommend either an extended-wear lens or a pair of improved cataract glasses. Both alternatives were offered. I furthermore stated that the cataract should be removed by either the intracapsular or extracapsular route, as contrasted with phacoemulsification. I did not intend to get into a discussion as to whether the intracapsular or extracapsular route was the safer of the two. It may well be
Prevalence and clinical significance of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhotic patients with acute decompensation
Authors: Yan Zhang, Bao-yan Xu, Xian-bo Wang, Xin Zheng, Yan Huang, Jinjun Chen, Zhong-ji Meng, Yanhang Gao, Zhiping Qian, Feng Liu, Xiaobo Lu, Yu Shi, Jia Shang, Hai Li, Shaoyang Wang, Shan Yin, Shuning Sun, Yixin Hou, Yan Xiong, Jun Chen, Beiling Li, Qing Lei, Na Gao, Liujuan Ji, Jing Li, Fangrong Jie, Ruihong Zhao, Jun Ping Liu, Taofa Lin, Liuying Chen, Wenting Tan, Qun Zhang, Congcong Zou, Zebing Huang, Xiuhua Jiang, Sen Luo, Chunyan Liu, Yuyi Zhang, Tao Li, Haotang Ren, Shijin Wang, Guohong Deng, Shue Xiong, Xiaoxiao Liu, Chen Wang, Wei Yuan, Gu Wenyi, Liang Qiao, Tongyu Wang, Dandan Wu, Fuchen Dong, Jing Hua, Hai Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)