tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2020)

Perioperative Disposable Jackets and Surgical Site Infections 15To help reduce surgical site infections, a large multicenter health care system implemented a policy that required personnel who had scrubbed to use disposable perioperative jackets.Stapleton and colleagues retrospectively reviewed the cases of 60 009 patients who underwent these clean procedures and compared the rate of surgical site infections before and after policy implementation.Despite spending more than $1.7 million on disposable jackets, there was no significant reduction in surgical site infections, suggesting that perioperative attire has no association with such infections.
Wavelength
Authors: Rabbi Jonathan P. Kendall
Journal: JAMA (1986)

With each passing day, it becomes increasingly difficult to think of him as being gone. There is an uncomfortable emptiness in my life that nags at me, pulls me away from other thoughts, and clouds normal pursuits. There was simply too much there to disappear. A physician at 22, a linguist, a student of the Bible and religion, a perfectionist in all that he did, my father. When the errant cells began their unrelenting conquest of his body, he reasoned that a diagnosis would serve only to shorten his life. Instead, he chose to work 60-hour weeks and ignored the weight loss, the fatigue, and the palpable mass growing in his pancreas. When jaundice finally brought the concealed truth into the open and both colleagues and patients began to ask questions, then came the blood work and the CAT scans and a call from his doctor. "Your dad is in
Pancreatitis
Authors: H. M. Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1967)

When the reader finishes this book, he will know what Dr. White thinks about pancreatitis, which is quite a bit. An old fashioned book in its reliance on personal opinion and experience, it is disarming in the frequent use of the first person. We need more books written by a single author; discussion may not always be extensive or all inclusive, but there are many advantages to the single viewpoint. To the general physician such a book may be more helpful than one composed of the opinions of many administrative persons who sit down to their desk,<i>Current Contents</i>and a sheaf of literature at hand, to advise the harried clinician from the sanctity of the study. This book is clearly the result of the author's experience, not only near the shores of the blue Pacific where he is a surgeon in Seattle, but also on the bluer shores of
REGN2810: A fully human anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, for patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC)—Initial safety and efficacy from expansion cohorts (ECs) of phase I study.
Authors: Kyriakos P. Papadopoulos, Taofeek Kunle Owonikoko, Melissa Lynne Johnson, Irene Brana, Marta Gil-Martin, Raymond P. Perez, Victor Moreno, April K. Salama, Emiliano Calvo, Nelson S. Yee, Howard Safran, Antonio González-Martín, Raid Aljumaily, Daruka Mahadevan, Kosalai Kal Mohan, Rui Qin, Elizabeth Stankevich, Israel Lowy, Matthew G. Fury, Jade Homsi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

9503 Background: There is no established standard of care for unresectable locally advanced or metastatic CSCC. UV-induced DNA damage causes hypermutation in most CSCCs. Therefore, these tumors may be responsive to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. In the dose escalation portion of the phase 1 study of REGN2810, a durable (19 + months) radiologic complete response was observed in a patient (pt) with metastatic CSCC (ASCO 2015, #3024). Methods: ECs enrolled pts with distantly metastatic (EC 7) and locally advanced (EC 8) CSCC. All patients received 3 mg/kg REGN2810 by intravenous infusion over 30 minutes every 2 weeks for up to 48 weeks. Research biopsies were performed at baseline and Day 29 (and at progression, if possible). Tumor measurements were performed every 8 weeks according to RECIST 1.1 to determine overall response rate (ORR). Data cutoff date was 31 Jan 2017. Results: 26 pts were enrolled (10 in EC 7 and 16 in EC 8): median age, 72.5 y (range, 56-88y); median PS 1 (range, 0 – 1); 21M:5F; median number of prior systemic therapy regimens, 1 (range, 0 – 2). Median exposure to REGN2810 was 7 doses (range, 1-22). The most common treatment-related adverse event of any grade was fatigue (19.2%). Each of the following ≥ Grade 3 related AEs occurred once: AST elevation, ALT elevation, arthralgia, and rash. ORR (PR + CR, including unconfirmed) and disease control rate (ORR+SD) were 52% (12/23; 4uPR, 5 PR, 2CR, 1 uCR) and 70% (16/23, including 4SD), respectively. Three patients are not yet evaluable. Median PFS and OS have not been reached, and only one patient has experienced PD during REGN2810 treatment after initial response. Correlative studies are in process, including PD-L1 status and whole exome tumor DNA sequencing. Conclusions: REGN2810 is well tolerated and produces antitumor activity in patients with advanced CSCC. A pivotal trial of REGN2810 for patients with advanced CSCC is enrolling patients (NCT02760498). Clinical trial information: NCT02383212.
Shadowing Physicians
Authors: Julie Ann Freischlag
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanism of Toxicity of Nitro Compounds Used in the Chemotherapy of Trichomoniasis
Authors: Silvia N. J. Moreno, Roberto Docampo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The mechanism of the trichomonicidal activity of metronidazole and other 5-nitroimidazoles appears to depend on the ferredoxin-mediated reduction of their nitro group, with generation of a reactive metabolite or metabolites which interact with DNA leading to a subsequent inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Redox cycling of these compounds under aerobic conditions appears to be a detoxification reaction by inhibiting net reduction of the drugs, thereby inhibiting their uptake. On the other hand, redox cycling of nitrofurans or other compounds with more positive reduction potential results in formation of high steady-state concentrations of oxygen-derived metabolites that might be of toxicological significance. It seems likely that reduced metabolites of nitroimidazoles (perhaps through covalent binding to tissue macromolecules and/or thiols depletion) are also involved in the nitroimidazoles' toxic effects to animal tissues and in their mutagenic and carcinogenic action.
Prospective evaluation of the pharmacokinetic (PK) and toxicity profile of docetaxel in the elderly
Authors: A. J. Ten Tije, J. Verweij, M. A. Carducci, T. Rogers, F. W. Dawkins, S. D. Baker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8043 Background: The PK of anticancer drugs may be altered with aging due, in part, to differences in body composition and decreased end organ function. Despite the increasing number of elderly patients presenting with cancer, few pharmacological studies have been conducted in this subgroup of patients treated with anticancer drugs, including docetaxel. Methods: The PK and toxicity of docetaxel were studied during cycle 1 of therapy in a cohort of 20 elderly cancer patients (median age [range], 71 years [y] [65–80]) and a group of 20 cancer patients aged <65y (median age [range], 53 years [26–64]). Docetaxel 75 mg/m2 was given once every 3 weeks. Docetaxel concentrations were determined in serial samples obtained up to one week after drug administration using LC/MS/MS. Docetaxel PK parameters were calculated using a 3-compartment model. Cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A), was phenotyped using the erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) prior to drug administration. The sample size was based on a power analysis to detect an effect size of 1.5, assuming a coefficient of variation of 50% with α=0.05 and β=0.12. Results: Patient characteristics, including BSA, liver function, and PS were not significantly different between the 2 cohorts (P>.18), although pre-treatment serum α1-acid glycoprotein concentrations were 20% lower in the elderly (mean, 126mg/dL [≥65y] vs 154mg/dL [<65y]; P=.036). The ERMBT parameter, percentage 14C-exhaled/h, was not altered in elderly patients (mean, 2.32%[≥65y] vs 2.45%[<65y]; P=.35) suggesting similar CYP3A4 activity. Docetaxel PK parameters were not different between the 2 cohorts (P>.15), and the mean(SD) clearance of docetaxel was 30.1(18.3) L/h (≥65y) vs 30.0(14.8) L/h (<65y) (P=.98). Although the younger cohort of patients were more heavily pretreated (P=.024), the percentage of patients with grade 4/febrile neutropenia was greater in the elderly (65%/20% [≥65y] vs 25%/0% [<65y]; P>.12). Conclusions: CYP3A activity and docetaxel PK are unaltered in elderly patients. In the population studied, the incidence of neutropenia appeared to be greater in the elderly, which was unrelated to differences in drug clearance between the 2 groups. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis Pharmaceuticals
Typographical Error in Title
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Alison Offer, PhD; Matthew Arnold, PhD; Robert Clarke, FRCP; Derrick Bennett, PhD; Louise Bowman, DM; Richard Bulbulia, DM; Richard Haynes, DM; Jing Li, MD; Jemma C. Hopewell, PhD; Martin Landray, FRCP; Jane Armitage, FRCP; Rory Collins, FRS; Sarah Parish, DPhil; for the Heart Protection Study (HPS), Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and Homocysteine (SEARCH), and Treatment of HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events (HPS2-THRIVE) Collaborative Groups
Dignity and the essence of medicine: the A, B, C, and D of dignity conserving care
Authors: Harvey Max Chochinov
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Kindness, humanity, and respect–the core values of medical professionalism–are too often being overlooked in the time pressured culture of modern health care, says <b>Harvey Chochinov</b>, and the A, B, C, and D of dignity conserving care can reinstate them
Abstract 3306: Impact of Renal Dysfunction on Uptake of F-18 Fluorodeoxylucose on Positron Emission Tomography in Arterial Plaques
Authors: Hideki Ishii, Takanobu Toriyama, Toru Aoyama, Miho Tanaka, Horoshi Takahashi, Yoshitake Kumada, Tstsuya Amano, Hideo Izawa, Masami Nishio, Tsuneo Tamaki, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Recently, it has been reported that F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) on positron emission tomography (PET) can detect inflammation at arterial plaques. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between renal functions and uptake of FDG in various arterial plaques. Methods : In the present study, 365 subjects who underwent FDG-PET whole body imaging for cancer screening, but without cancer, were enrolled. Subjects were divided into 3 groups; Group 1 consisted of subjects with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥90ml/min/1.73m 2 (n=259), Group 2; subjects with GFR≥60 and &lt;90ml/min/1.73m 2 (n=77), Group3; subjects with GFR &lt;60ml/min/1.73m 2 (n=29). Inflammations at various vascular sites including bilateral common carotid arteries, ascending aorta, and bilateral femoral arteries were quantified by using the standard uptake value (SUV) of FDG accumulation. Results: Mean SUV was significantly different among the 3 groups at every arterial site (see Table ). Univariate logistic analysis showed that GFR was significantly and well correlated with mean SUVs (common carotid arteries: r =−0.417, P&lt;0.0001, ascending aorta: r =−0.450, P&lt;0.0001, femoral arteries: r =−0.404, P &lt;0.0001). In multivariable regression analysis including atherosclerotic risk factors (age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, urea acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and GFR), GFR was associated significantly and negatively with mean SUVs at various arteries (common carotid arteries: β =−0.170, P =0.0086, ascending aorta: β= −0.263, P&lt;0.0001, femoral arteries: β =−0.148, P =0.0060). Conclusions: GFR is independently associated with SUVs of FDG. Inflammation in systemic atherosclerosis increases in subjects with CKD. FDG Uptake Value According to CKD Progression
Antimitochondrial antibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: a large multicenter study
Authors: Nikolaos Gatselis, Kalliopi Zachou, Aldo Montano-Loza, Eduardo Luiz Rachid Cançado, Teruko Arinaga-Hino, Paolo Muratori, Cumali Efe, Annarosa Floreani, Pietro Invernizzi, Atsushi Takahashi, Akinobu Takaki, Benedetta Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli, Bart Van Hoek, Ellina Lytvyak, Laura Vilar Guedes, Tuğrul Purnak, Nora Cazzagon, Vasiliki Lygoura, Pinelopi Arvaniti, Eirini Rigopoulou, Luigi Muratori, George Dalekos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Management of trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Authors: R. Voorhies
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The initial treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is accomplished with drugs, primarily carbamazepine and occasionally phenytoin sodium. However, many patients become refractory to treatment or side effects develop such as drowsiness or ataxia. In these circumstances, surgical therapy is appropriate. At our institution, microsurgical decompression has yielded good to excellent results in 29 of 32 patients and is currently recommended for persons in good general health who are younger than 70 years. Because of the notable incidence of unpleasant dysesthesias in the face, percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy is reserved for persons whose age or general medical condition precludes craniotomy. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:2521-2523)
Long-term outcome of hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation
Authors: K BOKER
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We analyzed the long-term clinical course of 71 patients with RNA-positive hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation. Patients with reinfection after transplantation for HCV-related liver disease, or de novo infection at transplantation were followed for up to 12 years. Cumulative survival for patients with HCV infection at 2, 5, and 10 years after transplantation was 67%, 62%, and 62%, respectively. It was not significantly different from that in patients transplanted for other nonmalignant diseases without HCV infection. The main factor determining long-term survival was the presence or absence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at transplantation. The 5-year survival rate for HCV patients with or without HCC was 35% versus 73%, respectively (P < .05). No deaths because of viral hepatitis of the graft were observed. Deaths in the first year after transplantation were caused by infectious complications, cardiovascular problems, or rejection; deaths after more than 12 months were exclusively because of recurrence of HCC. Biochemical and histological evidence of hepatitis was found in the majority of the patients, only 16% had normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values throughout. Twenty-two percent of patients complained of symptoms, with hepatitis C being the cause in 82% of these. Two patients lost their HCV-RNA for prolonged, ongoing periods of time. The severity of the posttransplantation hepatitis was unrelated to age, sex, severity of liver disease before transplantation, cold ischemic time of the graft, duration of the operation, transfusions, the number of rejection episodes, or the long-term immunosuppressive regime. Only initial short-term therapy with interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor antibodies adversely influenced inflammatory activity. Viral genotype did not influence the course of the graft hepatitis in our series. Histology showed inflammation in 88% of the biopsies and signs of fibrosis in 24%. Mean ALT values correlated with inflammation but not with fibrosis in the biopsies. Porto-portal bridging was observed in six patients, one patient developed cirrhosis within 2 years after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We conclude that chronic hepatitis develops in the majority of patients with HCV infection after liver transplantation. Carrier states without significant laboratory abnormalities are observed in approximately 16%, biochemical abnormalities without symptoms are seen in 60%, and symptomatic disease develops in a quarter of the patients. The disease course closely resembles that seen in nontransplanted hepatitis C patients. It is generally mild but little over 10% of patients develop signs of fibrosis of the graft during the first decade. (Hepatology 1997 Jan;25(1):203-10)
The Diseases of Children.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colloids no better than crystalloids for fluid replacement in hypovolaemic patients
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Colloids no better than crystalloids for fluid replacement in hypovolaemic patientsFor decades controversy has existed over the relative benefits of colloid and crystalloid solutions for fluid resuscitation of hypovolaemic patients.In their systematic review of randomised controlled trials Schierhout and Roberts (p 961) found that, compared with crystalloids, use of colloids was associated with an increase in absolute risk of mortality of 4%.There was no evidence for differences of effect among different types of injury necessitating fluid resuscitation.The authors conclude that there is no evidence to support the continued use of the more expensive colloids for acute volume replacement in critically ill patients.
Counterfeit Drugs
Authors: Paul M. Rudolf, Ilisa B.G. Bernstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In May 2002, thousands of vials of Procrit (epoetin) labeled as containing 40,000 units were found to contain only 2000 units, and later that year, other vials of Procrit were found to contain nothing but Miami tap water. In the spring of 2003, there were reports that some Lipitor (atorvastatin) pills tasted bitter, caused a burning sensation on the tongue, and were too large. In February 2004, several Web sites sold unsuspecting consumers contraceptive patches, under the Ortho Evra brand name, that contained no active ingredient. These incidents were determined to involve counterfeit drugs, resulted in the recall of thousands . . .
Hepatic disease among workers at a vinyl chloride polymerization plant
Authors: H. Falk
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Eleven cases of hepatic disease, including seven cases of hepatic angiosarcoma, have been identified to date among men employed at one vinyl chloride polymerization plant. The earliest diagnosis was made in April 1964. The two most recent cases, both angiosarcoma, were diagnosed in February 1974 as a result of systematic medical screening for liver abnormalities among workers at the plant. Ages at diagnosis have ranged from 36 to 58 years for the seven patients with angiosarcoma and from 28 to 56 years for the four patients with nonmalignant disease; durations of employment before diagnosis have ranged from 12 to 28 years and from 5 to 29 years. All 11 persons had worked in close and continuous contact with various phases of the vinyl chloride polymerization process. Review of pathologic material suggests the presence in both tumor and nontumor cases of portal fibrosis and atypical sinusoidal lining cells. A direct causal relationship between exposure to vinyl chloride monomer and pathologic findings is postulated. (<i>JAMA</i>230:59-63, 1974)
ADCs Show Promise in Leukemias
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

According to a phase III study, the antibody-drug conjugate inotuzumab ozogamicin is more likely to induce complete remissions, with full or incomplete hematologic recovery, in patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia. Data from a phase I study of another antibody-drug conjugate, vadastuximab talirine, demonstrates that it is safe and effective against acute myeloid leukemia.
Medical Readers' Theater
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal