tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gaining Health in the West (Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona). Being Impressions of a Layman, Based on Seven Years' Personal Experience with "Climate."
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: J M Gore, J E Dalen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Options for patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease, continued to expand in 1988, and the mortality from cardiovascular disease continued to decrease. In addition, insights into primary prevention of coronary artery disease have evolved. The report of the National Cholesterol Education Program provided new guidelines for treating high blood cholesterol in people 20 years of age and older. The guidelines detail who should receive cholesterol-lowering treatment based on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and other risk factors for coronary heart disease.<sup>1</sup>Diet or exercise influenced the levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins in overweight, sedentary men in a 1-year, randomized controlled trial. Diet and exercise produced comparable favorable changes in plasma lipoprotein concentrations.<sup>2</sup> The Physicians Health Study,<sup>3</sup>a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested two hypotheses: (1) buffered aspirin (325 mg every other day) reduces mortality from cardiovascular disease, and (2) beta carotene (50 mg every other
IN THIS ISSUE
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Antioxidant Supplementation During Cytotoxic TherapyDespite extensive research, questions remain about the efficacy and safety of the use of dietary antioxidant supplementation during conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy.Several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that the concurrent administration of antioxidants with chemotherapy or radiation therapy reduces treatment-related side effects.However, some data indicate that antioxidants may protect tumor cells as well as healthy cells from oxidative damage from radiation or chemotherapy, although, other data suggest that antioxidants can protect normal tissues without decreasing tumor control.Lawenda et al. (p.773 ) review data from preclinical studies, observational studies, and published randomized clinical trials regarding the putative benefits and potential risks of antioxidant supplementation concurrent with cytotoxic therapy.They conclude that the use of supplemental antioxidants during chemotherapy and radiation therapy should be discouraged because of the possibility of tumor protection and reduced survival.
PTU-024 A “real world” controlled study of liver stiffness measured by ARFI (acoustic radiation force impulse) elastography in hospitalised patients with decompensated alcoholic liver disease (ALD): a new paradigm in assessment of severity and prognosis?
Authors: D I Sherman, K Kandiah, M Jagtiani, A Sharif, P Shorvon
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI, Virtual Touch<sup>©</sup>) elastography is a novel validated technique for measuring liver stiffness (LS), with advantages over transient elastography including greater accuracy in ascites or obesity. However, elastography has not been well studied in acutely ill patients with decompensated chronic liver disease (CLD). We report our experience in a consecutive controlled cohort in a secondary care setting. <b>Aims</b>: (1) To establish whether LS is significantly different in patients hospitalised for decompensated CLD from outpatient controls with proven cirrhosis; (2) To investigate correlation between ARFI and severity scores such as DF, GAH, Lille, Child Pugh and MELD. <h3>Methods</h3> ARFI was performed by a single radiologist, using a standard 10 observation technique. 108 patients were studied: (1) 60 hospitalised patients (13 AAH-acute alcoholic hepatitis with Bili &gt;80; 19 DALD-decompensated ALD; 12 DCLD-decompensated CLD; 10 ALC-alcoholics without severe liver disease; 6 acute hepatitis), representing 39% of 152 consecutive cases seen by the liver service; and (2) 48 age and sex matched CLD controls (all never hospitalised, 33 with biopsy-proven advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis; 15 with clear clinical/radiological/endoscopic evidence of advanced CLD). <h3>Results</h3> Validation: technical ARFI failure &lt;5%, IQR/median &lt;0.5 in 93%. Compared with CLD controls, significantly higher mean shear velocity (SV) was seen in both (a) all 32 decompensated ALD patients (AAH+ALD—2.9±0.8 vs 2.4±0.8 m/s, 99% CI 0.2 to 1.0, p=0.001) and (b) all 44 decompensated CLD patients (AAH+DALD+DCLD—2.8±0.8 vs 2.4±0.8 m/s, 99% CI 0.0 to 0.8, p=0.006). In hospitalised patients with ALD (AAH+DALD+ALC) significant correlations were seen between mean SV and both DF (r=0.55, p&lt;0.001) and GAH (r=0.38, p=0.01), but not with Lille score. Strong correlations were shown in all inpatients between SV and Child-Pugh score (r=0.52, p&lt;0.001), and also with MELD score (r=0.42, p=0.002), but not in controls. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this “real world” study, ARFI elastography is an accurate and highly reproducible tool in assessing severity and prognosis in acutely ill patients with decompensated CLD, as shown by (a) increased LS in hospitalised ALD/CLD patients compared with cirrhotic controls, and importantly (b) further increases in LS reflect severity and adverse prognosis as shown by standard scores. As higher LS scores appear to reflect disease processes beyond fibrosis, the usefulness of this “real” measurement as an alternative to current “surrogate” prognostic markers merits further analysis in larger studies. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
<i>Anatomie des Centres Nerveux,</i>par J. Dejerine, professeur agrégé à La Faculté de Médecine de Paris, avec la collaboration de Madame Dejerine-Klumpke. With 401 figures. Paris: Rueff et Cie, 1895. Price, 32 frcs
Authors: A. M.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1895)
In This Issue/Research Watch/News-in-Brief/News from the IASLC Tobacco Control Committee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)

PrognosticFactors in Completely Resected Node-Negative Lung Adenocarcinoma of 3 cm or Smaller A cohort of 726 patients with completely resected nodenegative lung adenocarcinoma of 3 cm was assessed for prognostic factors (overall survival, OS or probability of freedom from recurrence, FFR) to guide adjuvant chemotherapy.Univariate analysis demonstrated significant association between the micropapillary/solid predominant pattern group and lower probability of FFR (p ¼ 0.001) in node-negative lung adenocarcinoma 3 cm.Multivariate analysis showed significantly lower probability of FFR was associated with greater tumor size (p ¼ 0.001) and the micropapillary/solid predominant pattern group (p ¼ 0.035).A trend toward lower probability of FFR (p ¼ 0.053) was observed in the micropapillary/solid predominant pattern group with tumors 2 cm.Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of the solid pattern was a prognostic factor for lower probability of FFR (p ¼ 0.001).To conclude, significantly higher risk for recurrence was observed in patients with micropapillary/solid predominant pattern.The finding of solid pattern as a prognostic factor for higher probability of recurrence in tumors 2 cm would facilitate patient stratification for adjuvant therapy.(p.1824) Early Immune-Related Adverse Events and Association with Outcome in Advanced NoneSmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Nivolumab: A Prospective Cohort StudyThis prospective cohort study investigated advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving nivolumab to determine the association between immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical outcome.Of 43 patients enrolled, irAEs, including rash, pyrexia, and diarrhea, were found in 19 patients 2 weeks post nivolumab treatment.While no significant difference in programmed cell death-ligand 1 tumor cell expression was observed between patients with and without irAEs, significantly higher objective response rate, disease control rates, and longer median progression-free survival were found in patients with irAEs versus those without (37% vs. 17%, P ¼ 0.17; 74% vs. 29%, P <0.01; and 6.4 vs. 1.5 months, P ¼ 0.01, respectively).Similar results were observed 6 weeks post nivolumab treatment.To conclude, the findings suggest that improved outcome after treatment with immunotherapy is associated with early irAEs, which was used to predict responses to nivolumab in this case.More studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of the relationship.(p.
微生物群对银屑病的作用:从疾病描述到治疗预测?
Authors: E.A. Langan, C.E.M. Griffiths, W. Solbach, J.K. Knobloch, D. Zillikens, D. Thaҫi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

人类皮肤布满了微生物。据估算,每平方厘米的皮肤上有多达200万个生物体,其中以细菌为主。到目前为止,我们对这种皮肤微生物群复杂性的了解受到传统实验室培养方法的限制。近期的分子技术进步揭示出,这些较为陈旧的方法可能仅检测到约10%的皮肤微生物。实际情况则要复杂得多。这篇德国和英国科学家联合撰写的论文评述了该研究领域的近期文献。大部分工作使用的是被称为16S ribosomal RNA序列的分子技术完成。这能够检测到细菌的分子特征,而传统培养方法是无法做到的。寄生在皮肤的细菌的模式受到很多因素的影响,例如解剖部位、年龄和性别等患者因素、是否有皮肤病以及基因因素。“微生物群”对银屑病的作用目前很受关注。某些微生物在健康(即无症状)皮肤中普遍存在,但银屑病病变部位(受银屑病影响的部位)的微生物却有所减少,而在这个部位,银屑病斑块的链球菌数量更多。链球菌咽喉部感染会导致银屑病恶化,这一点得到长期认可。合理的推测是,这种微生物和宿主免疫系统之间的相互作用能够影响疾病活性。还有可能的是,研究患者的“银屑病微生物群”生物特征可帮助科学家预测其对治疗的反应。
Endothelial transcytosis of myeloperoxidase confers specificity to vascular ECM proteins as targets of tyrosine nitration
Authors: Stephan Baldus, Jason P. Eiserich, Alireza Mani, Laura Castro, Mario Figueroa, Phillip Chumley, Wenxin Ma, Albert Tousson, C. Roger White, Daniel C. Bullard, Marie-Luise Brennan, Aldons J. Lusis, Kevin P. Moore, Bruce A. Freeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Nitrotyrosine formation is a hallmark of vascular inflammation, with polymorphonuclear neutrophil–derived (PMN-derived) and monocyte-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) being shown to catalyze this posttranslational protein modification via oxidation of nitrite (NO2–) to nitrogen dioxide (NO2•). Herein, we show that MPO concentrates in the subendothelial matrix of vascular tissues by a transcytotic mechanism and serves as a catalyst of ECM protein tyrosine nitration. Purified MPO and MPO released by intraluminal degranulation of activated human PMNs avidly bound to aortic endothelial cell glycosaminoglycans in both cell monolayer and isolated vessel models. Cell-bound MPO rapidly transcytosed intact endothelium and colocalized abluminally with the ECM protein fibronectin. In the presence of the substrates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and NO2–, cell and vessel wall–associated MPO catalyzed nitration of ECM protein tyrosine residues, with fibronectin identified as a major target protein. Both heparin and the low–molecular weight heparin enoxaparin significantly inhibited MPO binding and protein nitrotyrosine (NO2Tyr) formation in both cultured endothelial cells and rat aortic tissues. MPO–/– mice treated with intraperitoneal zymosan had lower hepatic NO2Tyr/tyrosine ratios than did zymosan-treated wild-type mice. These data indicate that MPO significantly contributes to NO2Tyr formation in vivo. Moreover, transcytosis of MPO, occurring independently of leukocyte emigration, confers specificity to nitration of vascular matrix proteins.
Abstract 974: The molecular and genomic drivers of immunologically cold tumors: Novel discoveries from pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Guangchun Han, Ruiping Wang, Jianfeng Shen, Pankaj Singh, Shaojun Zhang, Arvind Rao, Jianjun Gao, Alexander Lazar, Andrew Futreal, Guang Peng, Kunal Rai, Linghua Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) is able to elicit remarkable immune response but currently the durable response is limited to a minority of cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests that a prerequisite for the efficacy of ICB, for example the PD-1 inhibitor, is T-cells infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The immunologically ‘quite’ and T-cell depleted (immune ‘desert’) tumors are less likely respond to ICB. However, we still lack a detailed understanding of the genomic and molecular determinants that drive the ‘cold’ immune phenotypes. We here performed a comprehensive pan-cancer analysis to define and characterize the immunologically ‘hot’ (inflamed) and ‘cold’ (quite or T-cell depleted) tumors by high-dimensional, multi-platform data integration of 9,887 tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). This study provided an unprecedented catalog of the molecular and genomic drivers of immune ‘cold’ tumors by analyzing the immune cell composition, patterns of their spatial organization within the TME, the dysregulated chemokines networks, somatic mutations, DNA copy-number alterations, aneuploidy status, differentially expressed immune regulatory genes, and enriched signaling pathways. We showed that the immunologic status is highly heterogeneous within and across TCGA tumor types and subtypes. We integrated the information of T-cell spatial organization with our immune phenotypes and found that the ‘band-like’ spatial organization (T cells clustered at the invasive margin of the tumor and didn’t get into the tumor body) pattern is strongly associated with the ‘cold’ phenotype, particularly in colon and stomach cancers. Our analysis revealed a number of other factors that are associated with the ‘cold’ phenotype by either preventing T-cell infiltration or promoting T-cell dysfunction, and we performed functional validation on several targets of interest. This study provided an in-depth understanding of the genomic and molecular determinants of immunologically ‘cold’ tumors and suggested potential biomarkers that can be targeted for the development of novel combination therapy strategies to convert the ‘cold’ tumors into ‘hot’ ones and improve the odds of cancer immunotherapy success. Citation Format: Guangchun Han, Ruiping Wang, Jianfeng Shen, Pankaj Singh, Shaojun Zhang, Arvind Rao, Jianjun Gao, Alexander Lazar, Andrew Futreal, Guang Peng, Kunal Rai, Linghua Wang. The molecular and genomic drivers of immunologically cold tumors: Novel discoveries from pan-cancer analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 974.
Das Tuberkulose-Problem.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE EFFECT OF POSTURE ON THE HEALTH OF THE CHILD
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Lung Cancer Risk Among Female Textile Workers Exposed to Endotoxin
Authors: George Astrakianakis, Noah S. Seixas, Roberta Ray, Janice E. Camp, Dao Li Gao, Ziding Feng, Wenjin Li, Karen J. Wernli, E. Dawn Fitzgibbons, David B. Thomas, Harvey Checkoway
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)
Report of the Librarian
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

The Librarian herewith presents his annual report to the Boston Medical Library, the fourteenth accounting of the state of the Library since he took office in 1938. This report covers the calendar year 1951, another year of increased use of the Library over 1950 by nearly 8 per cent. The circulation and use of all catalogued items in the Library, now totaling 370,881, was 70,296, a turnover of 18.8 per cent. In other words, for every 37 items on the shelves, 7 were called for in 1951. In view of the large number of historical books and older files of . . .
Error in Table
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Iona Novak, PhD; Cathy Morgan, PhD; Lars Adde, PhD; James Blackman, PhD; Roslyn N. Boyd, PhD; Janice Brunstrom-Hernandez, MD; Giovanni Cioni, MD; Diane Damiano, PhD; Johanna Darrah, PhD; Ann-Christin Eliasson, PhD; Linda S. de Vries, PhD; Christa Einspieler, PhD; Michael Fahey, PhD; Darcy Fehlings, PhD; Donna M. Ferriero, MD; Linda Fetters, PhD; Simona Fiori, PhD; Hans Forssberg, PhD; Andrew M. Gordon, PhD; Susan Greaves, PhD; Andrea Guzzetta, PhD; Mijna Hadders-Algra, PhD; Regina Harbourne, PhD; Angelina Kakooza-Mwesige, PhD; Petra Karlsson, PhD; Lena Krumlinde-Sundholm, PhD; Beatrice Latal, MD; Alison Loughran-Fowlds, PhD; Nathalie Maitre, PhD; Sarah McIntyre, PhD; Garey Noritz, MD; Lindsay Pennington, PhD; Domenico M. Romeo, PhD; Roberta Shepherd, PhD; Alicia J. Spittle, PhD; Marelle Thornton, DipEd; Jane Valentine, MRCP; Karen Walker, PhD; Robert White, MBA; Nadia Badawi, PhD
Informed Consent
Authors: Steven E. Schonberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr. Mills must have misspelled "wither" in his recent article "Whither Informed Consent?" (229:305, 1974). Although some of his suggestions are valuable, I would take issue with at least two of them. He sets forth a standard form containing language that tracks recent landmark court decisions, viz, "These... procedures all involve risks of complications, serious injury or even death." I got the impression from the article that in certain procedures this "boiler-plate" wording should suffice with regard to informed consent. This form is designed for use in the hospital rather than in the physician's office. As Dr. Mills pointed out, the problem of informed consent becomes most acute in those situations involving elective procedures. A standard form for risk-disclosure, used in the hospital, involves an element of coercion on the part of the physician and hospital staff. After all, here the patient has probably already been admitted
SAT0226 A review of an internet based ‘arthritishelp’ resource: (http://rheuma. bham. ac. uk)
Authors: AS Wilson, GD Kitas, I Lal, P Llewellyn, PA Bacon, SP Young
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> The Internet is an important way of delivering medical information to assist in improving patient's self-management of their disease. <h3>Objectives</h3> We have established an Arthritis education website ('Arthritis Help') and investigated its use over two years. <h3>Methods</h3> Computer generated log file analysis and online questionnaire were used to create usage profiles of our web site. <h3>Results</h3> An average of 288 people visited our site each day predominantly, but not exclusively, from America and the UK (49% of users). The typical questionnaire respondent (n = 770) was a 30+ year old American female with arthritis, accessing the Internet from home. They had previously obtained information from medical staff or in written form but were now more likely to use the Internet. 167 out of 585 respondents found our site to be useful prompting them to seek more information (29%), change their behaviour or engage in more effective discussions with their physician (15%). 427 people responded to our comments section of the questionnaire of which 333 made clear suggestions. 21% of these respondents were enquiring about a specific medical condition or requesting more information on that condition. 20% wanted more detailed information about rheumatoid conditions, treatments or drug information. 9% wished to see more information on 'alternative treatments' whilst diet, exercise, new treatments, a questions and answers section, a section to air shared experiences and links to other information formed 5–6% of respondents suggestions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This data indicates that it is possible to use the internet to deliver medical information to it's target audience and that this process can have some impact on the way disease is self-managed. This information may aid more focused web-site design to maximise use and the potential benefits from such a resource.
Nicotine in second hand smoke does not promote atherogenesis Yiping Sun, Boqing Zhu, Amanda E. M. Browne, Richard E. Sievers, Janine M. Bekker, Kanu Chatterjee, William W. Parmley, Stanton A. Glantz. University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)