tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Pain relief in minor musculoskeletal disorders.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

radius and ulna can usually be managed conservatively, but there are exceptions: for instance, when damage to bone and soft tissues results in complete loss of intrinsic stability so that no plaster fixation can control the position of the fragments, especially in older children.It would, after all, be ridiculous to recommend the conservative treatment of a fracture of the radius and ulna in a boy of 141 years but to treat a similar fracture in a boy of 15 by plating because he was an "adult."Complete fractures of the shaft of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head (Monteggia fracture-dislocation) provide a rare but important indication for plating.Fractures of the neck of the femur in children are often best treated by fixation with multiple pins.Fractures of the upper- most third of the femur in later childhood, especially if the fractures are bilateral, may defy conservative management because of persistent flexion of the proximal fragment and may require internal fixation by nail-plate or intramedullary nail.At any age, complicating factors such as burns, spasticity (developmental or due to head injury4), or multiple bony injuries-for instance, fractures of the femoral shaft with dislocation of the hip-can be treated satisfactorily only by internal fixation.The bogies of non-union and infection should be avoidable by good surgical technique with, if necessary, antibiotic treatment.Growth abnormalities should not occur if the vulnerability of the epiphysial growth plates is respected; if there is a need to pass a fixing agent across the growth plate small diameter pins or Kirschner wires may usually be used without affecting growth.It should not be forgotten, however, that operations on the bones or the presence of metal in the metaphysial region may stimulate bone growth and so result in unequal limb length.Finally, whenever plates and screws are used there is an increased likelihood of fracture of the bone through the most distal screw hole should further damage occur to the bone-suggesting that the plate and screws or any other metalwork should be removed once its purpose has been fulfilled.
Dipyridamole for proteinuria suppression. Use in a patient with proliferative glomerulonephritis
Authors: K. Kan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

DIPYRIDAMOLE is said to reduce platelet adhesiveness and thrombus formation<sup>1</sup>and to be effective in preventing glomerular lesions when used in combination with anticoagulants.<sup>2</sup>We tested it alone in a patient with proliferative glomerulonephritis and found that it corrected proteinuria. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of proteinuria and hematuria on Feb 29, 1972. He had been well until about three months before, when he had proteinuria (1 + ) at the time of periodical examination. A month before admission he caught a cold. Several weeks later he noticed hematuria and visited the hospital. He denied having had recurrent tonsillitis. The temperature was 36.0 C (96.8 F) and the pulse rate was 72 beats per minute. The blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. Results of physical examination were normal. The urine gave 3+ test for protein; the sediment contained abundant red blood cells (RBCs)
C-reactive protein: a critical update
Authors: Mark B. Pepys, Gideon M. Hirschfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

However, it is critically important to recognize that the CRP response is nonspecific and is triggered by many disorders unrelated to cardiovascular disease (Table 2).In using CRP for assessment of cardiovascular risk, it is therefore essential to clearly establish true base-line CRP values that are not distorted by either trivial or serious intercurrent pathologies.If the initial CRP result is in the low-risk range, less than 1 mg/l, a single measurement is sufficient, but if it is in the higher-risk range, greater than about 2.5 mg/l, two or more serial samples taken at intervals of 1 week or more should be retested until a stable base-line value is seen.If the CRP value persistently remains above 10 mg/l, indicating the presence of a significant acute-phase response, a full history and physical examination of the patient is indicated, ideally together with relevant investigations, to determine the cause and alleviate it if possible.Interestingly, chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and hemodialysis for end-stage renal failure, that are characterized by persistently elevated CRP concentrations in some individuals, are associated with premature cardiovascular disease.
Erratum: Addition of intravenous iron to epoetin beta increases hemoglobin response and decreases epoetin dose requirement in anemic patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies: a randomized multicenter study
Authors: M Hedenus, G Birgegård, P Näsman, L Ahlberg, T Karlsson, B Lauri, J Lundin, G Lärfars, A Österborg
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
ETIOLOGY OF CEREBRAL DIPLEGIA.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Registers for the prevention of genetic disease.
Journal: BMJ (1979)

as well as in those children and adolescents who satisfy the rigid criteria of manic-depressive illness.Brumback and Weinberg"7 gave 30 mg per kg per day (divided into three doses) to five prepubertal children with manic episodes, and this easily maintained therapeutic blood concentrations between 0-6 and 1-5 mmol(mEq) l.But this is a very large dose.A sound procedure is to start with a much lower dose, which is often clinically effective," and modify it if necessary according to the child's response; but-unless toxic reactions developtreatment should not be abandoned until therapeutic blood concentrations have been maintained for at least two weeks without improvement.
Menstrual arthritis.
Authors: J E McDonagh, M M Singh, I D Griffiths
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

The menstrual cycle is characterised by variations in the absolute and relative concentrations of the hormones of the hypothalamic pituitary ovarian axis, which in turn affect cell function and cytokine and heat shock protein production. Menstruation involves the shedding of the secretory endometrium, which is part of the mucosal associated lymphoid tissue and hence is rich in immunologically competent cells such as CD8 T cells and macrophages. The case is reported here of a patient presenting with a recurrent but transient symmetrical inflammatory polyarthritis which only occurred at menstruation with no residual damage. The disease was suppressed by danazol. Endometrial degradation products are suggested as the trigger of this 9menstrual arthritis9.
This Week in &lt;EMPH&gt;JAMA&lt;/EMPH&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2005)

F. Javier Belda, MD, PhD; Luciano Aguilera, MD, PhD; José García de la Asunción, MD, PhD; Javier Alberti, MD; Rosario Vicente, MD; Lucía Ferrándiz, MD; Rafael Rodríguez, MD; Roque Company, MD, PhD; Daniel I. Sessler, MD; Gerardo Aguilar, MD, PhD; Stephanie García Botello, MD; Rafael Ortí, MD, PhD; for the Spanish Reduccion de la Tasa de Infeccion Quirurgica Group
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHENOTHIAZINES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ADHERENT PLACENTA.
Authors: CHARLES B. REED
Journal: JAMA (1899)

In a series of observations published on the third stage of labor where the placenta was delivered spontaneously, the time required for the completion of the delivery was carefully noted, and the results varied from a few minutes to thirty-six hours. With these statistics before us, it is manifestly impossible to place a definite limitation on the third stage and to assert that all cases which pass the prescribed bounds shall be regarded as pathologic, and interference undertaken. In spite of the tendency of the last few years to interfere less and less in obstetric cases without positive indications, it may be safely said that if the placenta is not spontaneously delivered within two hours after the birth of the child, some pathologic condition is present which necessitates interference. Usually the presence of hemorrhage or other symptoms will further an earlier diagnosis, and the question generally lies between two closely
Vinyl Chloride: Still a Cause for Concern
Authors: Janet Kielhorn, Christine Melber, Ulrich Wahnschaffe, Antero Aitio, Inge Mangelsdorf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Vinyl chloride (VC) is both a known carcinogen and a regulated chemical, and its production capacity has almost doubled over the last 20 years, currently 27 million tons/year worldwide. According to recent reports it is still a cause for concern. VC has been found as a degradation product of chloroethylene solvents (perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene) and in landfill gas and groundwater at concentrations up to 200 mg/m(3) and 10 mg/L, respectively. Worldwide occupational exposure to VC still seems to be high in some countries (e.g., averages of approximately 1,300 mg/m(3) until 1987 in one factory), and exposure may also be high in others where VC is not regulated. By combining the most relevant epidemiologic studies from several countries, we observed a 5-fold excess of liver cancer, primarily because of a 45-fold excess risk from angiosarcoma of the liver (ASL). The number of ASL cases reported up to the end of 1998 was 197 worldwide. The average latency for ASL is 22 years. Some studies show a small excess risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, and others suggest a possible risk of brain tumors among highly exposed workers. Lung cancer, lymphomas, or leukemia do not seem to be related to VC exposure according to recent results. The mutation spectra observed in rat and human liver tumors (ASL and/or hepatocellular carcinoma) that are associated with exposure to VC are clearly distinct from those observed in sporadic liver tumors or hepatic tumors that are associated with other exposures. In rats, the substitution mutations found at A:T base pairs in the ras and p53 genes are consistent with the promutagenic properties of the DNA adduct 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine formed from VC metabolites. Risk assessments derived from animal studies seem to overestimate the actual risk of cancer when comparing estimated and reported cases of ASL.
Excluding Pulmonary Embolism With Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography or Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scanning--Reply
Authors: D. R. Anderson, M. A. Rodger, P. S. Wells
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Twenty years of cholera research
Authors: R. A. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In June 1947, I arrived in Cairo, Egypt, to take command of the US Navy Medical Research Unit No. Three (NAMRU-3), and in September cholera invaded Egypt. This was the first outbreak of cholera in over 20 years and the country was illprepared to cope with the problem. Cholera is an infectious disease caused by growth of<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>in the intestine of man. It is characterized by its epidemicity and a profound diarrhea with excretion of protein-free isotonic fluid. Stool volume often exceeds the patient's body weight in this self-limited disease which has a duration of 4 to 7 days. The mortality rate in untreated patients is more than 60%. It was decided to investigate the disease and we selected for our studies patients admitted to the Abbasia Fever Hospital who were in severe shock. More than 40 patients were studied and only three died.<sup>1</sup>At that time
Editorial: Medical ethics, education, and the physician's image
Authors: E. D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Few events are more illustrative of the rapidity and directions of social change in our times than the recent history of medical ethics. What had for centuries been a personal and private affair among physicians suddenly became a matter for public debate. Every facet of the impact of medical technology on human life has been examined by the widest possible audience. Where these discussions will ultimately lead is, as yet, unclear. But the debate is no transitory phenomenon. It is sure to have profound effects on the image of the physician in society and on his everyday clinical decisions. What has been illustrated as well is the failure of medical education to prepare physicians for responsible, critical inquiry into ethical questions. Too many still see the whole movement as a dangerous intrusion into sacrosanct precincts rather than the summation of potent forces of crucial importance to medicine and society. One
Diffuse Soft Tissue Uptake on a Bone Scan in a Patient Receiving α-Interferon Therapy
Authors: DJAMIL FERTIKH, GARY S. GREENE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

From the Department of Medical Imaging, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, Darby, Pennsylvania Received for publication December 12, 2001. Revision accepted February 12, 2002. Reprint requests: Djamil Fertikh, Department of Medical Imaging, Mercy Catholic Medical Center, 1500 S. Lansdowne Avenue, Darby, Pennsylvania 19023. E- mail: [email protected]
Stored Blood
Authors: W. W. Walther
Journal: BMJ (1939)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) reduces the risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) following blood exposure accidents (BEA). However, there are no updated Tunisian recommendations for its use. <h3>Objectives</h3> To describe the circumstances of BEA requiring PEP and to evaluate the prescribing practices of PEP and clinical, biological and serological follow-up of victims. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of victims of BEA who sought medical care in the occupational medicine department of Rabta hospital in Tunis, from 1998 to 2018 and for whom a PEP was prescribed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 456 cases were included with a median age of 30±10.3 years and a sex-ratio of 0.56. They were healthcare workers in 98% of cases, mainly physicians (35.4%), hospital porters and cleaning staff (22.3%). The most frequent tasks leading to the accidents were waste disposal (16%) and taking blood samples (10.8%). In cases of known sources (72.6%), the PEP was prescribed because the sources were HIV positive (23.6%) or had risk factors for HIV infection, mainly scarifications and/or tattoos (23.1%), drug abuse (12.9%) or history of hepatitis B and/or C (12%). In cases of unknown sources, PEP was prescribed if the BEA occurred in a suspicious socio-epidemiological context. The PEP was started within four hours of the BEA in 42.8% of cases and covered 28 days in 56.8% of cases. Poor compliance with PEP was noted in 55% of cases. The serological follow-up at one, three and six months was carried out in 11.6%, 6.5% and 4.5% of cases, respectively. Positive HIV serology of the source was significantly associated with compliance to serological follow-up at one month (p=0.023) and at three months (p=0.029). None of the cases had a seroconversion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A well-managed PEP prevents the risk of HIV seroconversion following a BEA. It is crucial to develop a national updated guideline for management of BEA and PEP.
Acute leukemia and infection
Authors: M. V. Viola
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The clinical records of 78 patients with acute leukemia revealed that infection was the major single cause of death. Gram-negative bacteremia was responsible most often, although staphylococcal bacteremia was still a significant cause of death. Pneumonitis, bacteremia, and skin infections were the most common types of bacterial infections. An increase in the occurrence of infections with gram-negative organisms was noted. The source of most cases of gram-negative bacteremia was ulceration of the intestinal tract, although a number of patients had no source demonstrable. Serious fungal infections occurred in 14% (11) of patients studied. Most disseminated fungal infections were not diagnosed during life. Infections of all types increase with the duration of the disease and with the use of multiple therapeutic agents. Granulocytopenia appears to predispose to bacteremia and fungal infections.
Missing Conflict of Interest Disclosure
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Roberto Salgado, MD, PhD; Carsten Denkert, MD, PhD; Christine Campbell, MSc; Peter Savas, MD; Paolo Nuciforo, MD; Claudia Aura, MD; Evandro de Azambuja, MD, PhD; Holger Eidtmann, MD; Catherine E. Ellis, PhD; José Baselga, MD; Martine J. Piccart-Gebhart, MD, PhD; Stefan Michiels, PhD; Ian Bradbury, PhD; Christos Sotiriou, MD, PhD; Sherene Loi, MD, PhD
Influence of continuous interleukin-2 administration via the portal vein on liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy in rats
Authors: K Wadamori, M Oka, N Tokuda, Y Fujikura, S Hazama, T Fukumoto, T Suzuki
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

We have reported the efficacy of intraarterial–combined immunochemotherapy including interleukin–2 (IL–2) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To further test this therapy for prevention of intrahepatic recurrence after hepatectomy, the influence of IL–2 on liver regeneration was examined using mitotic index (MI) and the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index (LI) in 70% hepatectomized Donryu rats. In addition, gap junction appearance, which may change during liver regeneration, was analyzed using a monoclonal antibody (HAM8). Serum albumin, alanine transaminase, and total bilirubin (TB) levels were also evaluated. IL–2 (45,000 Japanese reference units [JRU]/d) or saline was administered continuously via the portal vein immediately after hepatectomy using an infusion pump. We also examined the influence of IL–2 on liver regeneration after hepatectomy with splenectomy. No difference in the weight of the liver, serum albumin, alanine transaminase, or TB was observed in any groups at 1, 2, or 4 days after hepatectomy. Neither IL–2 nor splenectomy influenced MI and BrdU LI at all three points. Gap junctions began to disappear after hepatectomy and reached a minimum on day 2 in all groups. Four days after hepatectomy, the density of the reappearing gap junctions was markedly lower in groups treated with IL–2 than in those receiving saline with or without splenectomy. However, the density returned to close to preoperative levels 6 days after hepatectomy in all groups. Continuous portal infusion of IL–2 transiently disturbed gap junction reappearance during liver regeneration. However, no other parameters of liver regeneration or liver functions differed. These results suggest that the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy may be suppressed by the administration of IL–2, even though the suppression may not be harmful for overall recovery of the resected liver. However, it seems that hepatic IL–2 administration can be performed without serious complications after hepatectomy.
WORKSHOP: H PYLORI - GASTRIC CANCER AND LYMPHOMA
Authors: Duodenal Sung, Tkw Ung, R Suen, Vks Leung, Ekw Ng, Pylori Labenz, U Tillenburg, M Peitz, M Sollbohmer, G Stolte
Journal: Gut (1995)

We have previously shown that one-week triple therapy (Bismuth, Tetracycline and Metronidazole) is effective in eradicating H.pylori (HP) infection and healing duodenal ulcers (DU) (Lancet 1994;343:513-7) but the side effects of triple therapy were significant Other studies have shown that amoxcillin plus omeprazole is equally effective with fewer side effects.Objective.To compare the anti-Helicobacter effect of one-week triple therapy (BTM) versus amoxicillin/omeprazole (Amox/Omp) in the treatment of HP associated DUs.Patients & Method: Patients with endoscopically proven DU and HP infection confirmed by smear, culture and CLO test of biopsies were recruited.Patients were randomized to receive EITHER bismuth subcitrate 120mg, tetracycline 500mg and metronidazole 400mg all taken 4 times daily for one week (BTM) OR omeprazole 20mg and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily for 2 weeks (Amox/Omp).Six weeks after randomization, endoscopy was repeated to document ulcer healing and eradication of HP.Biopsies were taken both in the antrum and the body of the stomach.HP eradication was defined as absence of the organism in BOTH locations.Results: BTM Amox/Omp P Total No. of Patients 46 42 Patients defaulted followup 4 3 Patients violated protocol 5 2-Ulcer healing at 6 weeks (%) 33/37 (89) 31/37(84) 0.49 H. pylori eradication (%) 32/37 (86) 27/37 (73) 0.15 Side-effect (%) 30/37 (81) 17/37 (46) <0.01Conclusion: Amoxicillin plus omeprazole therapy for two weeks have achieved an ulcer healing effect and HP eradication rate comparable to the one-week therapy but with much fewer side effects.22