tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurobehavioral effects of developmental methylmercury exposure.
Authors: S G Gilbert, K S Grant-Webster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a global environmental problem and is listed by the International Program of Chemical Safety as one of the six most dangerous chemicals in the world's environment. Human exposure to MeHg primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated food such as fish, although catastrophic exposures due to industrial pollution have occurred. The fetus is particularly sensitive to MeHg exposure and adverse effects on infant development have been associated with levels of exposure that result in few, if any, signs of maternal clinical illness or toxicity. High levels of prenatal exposure in humans result in neurobehavioral effects such as cerebral palsy and severe mental retardation. Prenatal exposure to MeHg in communities with chronic low-level exposure is related to decreased birthweight and early sensorimotor dysfunction such as delayed onset of walking. Neurobehavioral alterations have also been documented in studies with nonhuman primates and rodents. Available information on the developmental neurotoxic effects of MeHg, particularly the neurobehavioral effects, indicates that the fetus and infant are more sensitive to adverse effects of MeHg. It is therefore recommended that pregnant women and women of childbearing age be strongly advised to limit their exposure to potential sources of MeHg. Based on results from human and animal studies on the developmental neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, the accepted reference dose should be lowered to 0.025 to 0.06 MeHg microgram/kg/day. Continued research on the neurotoxic effects associated with low level developmental exposure is needed.
Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenopathy. Relation of etiologic agents to age
Authors: K. K. Lai
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Age-related differences in etiology were examined in 214 instances of mycobacterial cervical lymphadenopathy. In adults,<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>was isolated from 147 lymph nodes and "atypical" mycobacteria was isolated from seven nodes. In contrast,<i>M tuberculosis</i>was isolated from only five nodes from children while other mycobacteria were isolated from 55 nodes.<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>clearly preponderates as the cause of mycobacterial cervical adenitis in adults while other mycobacteria are the cause of most cervical adenitis in children. The preponderance of<i>Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare</i>in cervical adenitis in children contrasts with reports of<i>Mycobacterium scrofulaceum</i>as the most frequent causative agent in other geographic areas and may reflect either a change in causative agents or geographic differences. However, the finding of<i>M tuberculosis</i>in 8% of nodes indicates that other mycobacteria cannot be assumed to be the only cause of this disease in children. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1286-1288)
MRI angiography is superior to helical CT for detection of HCC prior to liver transplantation: An explant correlation
Authors: Marta Burrel, Josep M Llovet, Carmen Ayuso, Carmela Iglesias, Margarita Sala, Rosa Miquel, Teresa Caralt, Juan Ramon Ayuso, Manel Solé, Marcelo Sanchez, Concepció Brú, Jordi Bruix
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Helical computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prior to curative treatments but underestimate tumor extension in 30% to 50% of cases when compared with pathologic explants. This study compares a new technology, MRI angiography (MRA), with triphasic helical CT in detection of HCC. Fifty cirrhotic patients, 29 with HCC, undergoing liver transplantation were analyzed. MRA was performed with a 3-D breath-hold fast spoiled gradient-echo sequence by using an effective section thickness of 2 to 2.5 mm. The gold standard was the pathologic examination (liver cut into 5-mm slices). One hundred twenty-seven lesions were identified at the explant: 76 HCC, 13 high-grade dysplastic nodules, 31 macroregenerative nodules, 7 hemangiomas. Diameter of the main HCC nodules was 29 +/- 14 mm and 11 +/- 7 mm for the 47 additional nodules. On a per nodule basis, sensitivity of MRA was superior to CT (58/76 [76%] vs. 43/70 [61%], respectively, P =.001). Sensitivity of MRA for detection of additional nodules decreased with size (>20 mm: 6/6 [100%]; 10-20 mm: 16/19 [84%]; <10 mm: 7/22 [32%]) and was superior to CT for nodules 10 to 20 mm (84% vs. 47%, P =.016). Nonspecific hypervascular nodules >5 mm at MRA were HCC in two thirds of the cases. In conclusion, MRA has a high diagnostic accuracy for HCC > or =10 mm and is more sensitive than triphasic helical CT in nodules sized 10 to 20 mm. MRA is the optimal technique for HCC staging prior to curative therapies.
The 'squeaky wheel' and health care policy
Authors: G. H. Friedell
Journal: JAMA (1991)

ESTABLISHING public policy for health care is difficult at best. But when policy decisions result primarily from the application of the "squeaky wheel" principle, the difficulty is compounded. Decisions are then more likely to deal with the concerns of a small group of individuals rather than the broader interests of society, with private patient care rather than public health needs, and with short-term expenditures rather than long-term savings. A story on the front page of the<i>New York Times</i>on November 12, 1990, focused my attention clearly on an issue that exemplifies this problem. The story reported, "The Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association has agreed to pay a share of the costs of a clinical study of an experimental treatment for advanced breast cancer." The association would expend at least $10 million during the 3-to 4-year study of 1200 women who will undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation in conjunction
Bad Gastrectomies
Authors: V. J. Kinsella
Journal: BMJ (1956)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNiALThe distribution of the results according to the stage of pregnancy is shown in Fig. 2. Of the two patients who did not experience any effect, the mental approach and environment of one were unstable and difficult.No treat- ment proved of any avail other than separating her from her home surroundings.The other patient stated that she COMPLETE RELIEF em..".
Chemsex exposed
Authors: Tania Glyde
Journal: The Lancet (2015)

William Fairman and Max Gogarty's documentary Chemsex (video) is about the culture of drug-fuelled sex parties on London's gay scene. Group hookups, or chillouts, have been made very easy through smartphone apps such as Grindr and Scruff. They are a form of social relaxation and provide access to the safety of tribe membership in a homophobic world. The drugs used at these parties are chiefly γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and γ-butyrolactone (GBL), or G, crystallised methamphetamine, and mephedrone. But some participants find themselves drawn increasingly into compulsive sexual and self-medicating behaviours, exposing themselves to health risks that are both physical and mental.
Prospective screening for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity in patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastro-esophageal junction cancer. AGMT gastric-5.
Authors: Ewald Woell, Peter Regitnig, Wolfgang Eisterer, Josef Thaler, Johnnes Gaenzer, Alois Wuestner, Alois Lang, Johannes Andel, Michael A. Fridrik, Richard Greil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e15037 Background: Trastuzumab plus chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for locally advanced or metastatic gastric cancer patients. Pathological assessment of gastric cancer specimens, especially biopsy samples, however still remains difficult albeit it is a crucial prerequisite for optimal treatment. Methods: This registry was designed as a prospective, observational, multi-center research initiative to test for HER2 positivity in the local pathology department and to reevaluate HER-2 testing in a central pathology laboratory. HER2 testing was performed by means of IHC and in equivocal cases (Score 2+) in addition by ISH. The rate of HER2 positive locally advanced or metastatic gastric or GEJ cancer is the primary study objective. Comparison of HER2 results from local and central labs, safety, PFS, OS and type of chemoimmunotherapy in HER2 positive patients are additional objectives. Results: Up to now samples of 82 patients have been tested in local and central pathology respectively. Median age is 67 years, median weight 71 kg. 22 patients were treated in second line. 24 patients tested HER2 positive in local pathology. 23 of which were treated with trastuzumab in combination with different chemotherapy backbones. 16 out of 82 tested samples (19.5%) showed discordance between central and local testing with 5/82 (6.1%) false negative results and 11/82 (13.4%) false positive results. Conclusions: This ongoing registry points to the fact that HER2 testing in gastric cancer is difficult, and highlights the necessity for quality assurance to optimize individual treatment options.
Antimicrobial selection by a computer. A blinded evaluation by infectious diseases experts
Authors: V. L. Yu
Journal: JAMA (1979)

An evaluation of a computer-based consultation system called MYCIN was made. Eight independent evaluators with special expertise in the management of meningitis compared MYCIN's choice of antimicrobials with the choices of nine human prescribers for ten test cases of meningitis. MYCIN received an acceptability rating of 65% by the evaluators; the corresponding ratings for acceptability of the regimen prescribed by the five faculty specialists ranged from 42.5% to 62.5%. The system never failed to cover a treatable pathogen while demonstrating efficiency in minimizing the number of antimicrobials prescribed. The study design may be useful in assessing the performance of other computer-based clinical decision-making systems. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1279-1282, 1979)
Opportunities for Improving Techniques for Interspecies Extrapolation in the Risk Assessment Process
Authors: James E. Gibson, Thomas B. Starr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Quantitative estimates of human carcinogenic risk from chemical exposure are currently derived primarily from linearized multistage model analyses of the tumor response as observed in chronic laboratory animal bioassays versus administered dose. The numerous ad hoc assumptions that provide a rationale for this generic approach to carcinogenic risk assessment can only be evaluated critically when mechanistic data directly relevant to the low-dose and interspecies extrapolation problems are available. Clear needs exist to develop such ancillary data bases and the means for explicitly incorporating them into the risk estimation process. Target site dosimetry provides one useful organizing concept. Physiological response modeling can account systematically for interspecies variations in the distribution and disposition of chemicals in relation to external measures of exposure. Direct measurements of interactions of chemicals and their metabolites with specific target macromolecules can provide sensitive and biologically meaningful exposure indices. Alternatively, quantitation of toxic effects such as altered cell regulation and differentiation can serve the same purpose. Virus and oncogene activation, DNA damage and repair, and enhanced cell proliferation provide additional biological markers of exposure. They may also comprise critical elements of the carcinogenic process. Identification of the actual mechanisms involved should eventually lead to the development of risk assessment models that adequately reflect the unique biological and toxicological characteristics of different species-chemical combinations.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Home Screening for Atrial Fibrillation 146Atrial fi brillation (AF) is a common, treatable risk factor for stroke, but many patients with AF are undiagnosed.Steinhubl and colleagues randomized 2659 individuals at high risk for AF to receive immediate or delayed monitoring with a home-based electrocardiographic patch and found that immediate monitoring resulted in a higher rate of AF diagnosis after 4 months.In accompanying Editorials, Peterson and Harrington discuss the applicability of pragmatic trials for evaluating wearable health monitoring devices, and Steinberg and Piccini recommend further research to clarify whether screening for AF can improve clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of bone marrow toxic reaction in patients treated with allopurinol
Authors: L. Stolbach
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To evaluate possible bone marrow toxic reaction related to allopurinol administration, 143 patients with malignant lymphoma were randomized to receive allopurinol for either three or six cycles of chemotherapy. There was no significant difference of nadir WBC or platelet counts. This trial failed to confirm an earlier study that suggested that allopurinol increased the marrow toxic reaction of cytotoxic chemotherapy. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:334-336)
THE PROBLEM OF ENDEMIC GOITER
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antitoxin.
Authors: Conrad Berens
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Philadelphia, April 19, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have had my attention called to your editorial, in the April 13 issue of our valuableJournal, in which you describe "A Fatal Result following a Hypodermic Injection," Behring's antitoxin being the injected remedy. I send you the following notes, trusting that they will be accepted in the spirit in which they are offered. The only comment I have to make, is, that had I known the opus number of the antitoxin used in Brooklyn, I should probably have refused the bottle sent to me. Friday, April 4, I was called to see Mrs. L. S. W., aged about 30. Her statement was, that on the previous evening she had gone to the theater and on returning home had felt no particular symptoms other than a stiffness in the throat and general malaise. Friday morning she found spots in her throat and
THE METRIC SYSTEM AND MEDICAL SCHOOLS.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
68TH ANNUAL REPORT ON MEDICAL EDUCATION
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Syphilis surveillance. Failure to screen in a university hospital
Authors: K. J. Tomecki
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Of 5,954 adult inpatients consecutively discharged from a university hospital during a three-month period, only 8.4% had serologic tests for syphilis performed during hospitalization. The testing rate was 20.1% on patients admitted to a medical teaching service and 1.4% on a surgical teaching service. In patients tested, a positive rapid plasma reagin test result was obtained in 6.2% and the diagnosis was confirmed by further testing, but effective therapy was not always given. Only 9 of 30 patient records listed syphilis as a diagnosis on discharge. We conclude that serologic testing for syphilis is routinely omitted in the evaluation of hospitalized patients; even when tests are positive, the results are often ignored. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2641-2642, 1976)
RESUSCITATIVE EFFORTS IN THE NEW-BORN
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease uncovered in a prospective pneumonia study
Authors: R. R. Muder
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Most hospitals have yet to record a case of nosocomial legionnaires' disease; the importance of isolation of<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>in the water system of such an institution is unclear. We undertook a prospective pneumonia study in tandem at a veterans hospital where legionnaires' disease was known to be endemic and a community teaching hospital where legionnaires' disease had never been documented.<i>Legionella</i>serological tests were performed on all patients with pneumonia; selective culture media and direct fluorescent antibody testing for<i>Legionella</i>were made readily available. Simultaneous environmental surveys for Legionella were performed. At the community hospital, we discovered that 64% of sites in the water distribution system yielded<i>L pneumophila</i>and that 14.3% of nosocomial pneumonias were legionnaires' disease. The epidemiologic implications of these findings are discussed. Options concerning case detection and eradication measures in the face of hospital water contamination with<i>L pneumophila</i>are presented. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3184-3188)
Fetal Effects of Steroid Therapy During Pregnancy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selected New Books
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholangioscopic Characterization of Dominant Bile Duct Stenoses in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: J. Tischendorf, M. Krüger, C. Trautwein, N. Duckstein, A. Schneider, M. Manns, P. Meier
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Correction to: Cholangioscopic Characterization of Dominant Bile Duct Stenoses in Patients with Primary Sclerosing CholangitisEndoscopy 2006; 38(07): 665-669DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-925257