tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 267: Activation of Non-canonical Estrogen-dependent Pathways to Mitigate Pathological Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Marissa A Lopez-Pier, Matthew Koppinger, Preston Royal Harris, Joshua Strom, Rachel M Mayfield, Carol C Gregorio, John P Konhilas
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Prior to menopause, women are protected against cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to age-matched men; this protection is gradually lost after menopause. Mechanisms responsible for loss of CVD protection are unknown. We previously demonstrated that menopause and CVD suppress the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in mice. We also validated the cellular mechanism by which estrogen (E2) potentiates AMPK activity through a direct interaction of estrogen receptors (ER) with members of the AMPK kinase complex. Because AMPK signaling is down in CVD and menopause, we hypothesized that activation of AMPK will prevent pathological cardiac remodeling in menopausal female mice. First, we demonstrated that E2 potentiates AMPK activity in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) subjected to energy stress. NRCMs, cultured in estrogen-free media, were treated (10-30 minutes at 100nm) with the electron transport chain uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyphydrazone (FCCP). As expected, AMPK activity determined by phosphorylation of threonine 172 (p-AMPK172) was increased over controls. Adding 1-100nm of E2 potentiated p-AMPK172 over control-treated NRCMs by 5-fold. Next, we used our novel model of menopause with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), which induces gradual ovarian failure, preserving the perimenopause transitional period and androgen secreting capacity of residual ovarian tissue. Starting at 2 months, females received daily (i.p.) injections of VCD (160mg/kg, 20 consecutive days) or sesame oil as vehicle. Peri/menopause were confirmed by vaginal cytology. Menopausal females receiving angiotensin II (Ang II, 800 ng/kg/min via alzet s.c. mini-pump, 14 days) demonstrated exacerbation of hypertension and pathological cardiac remodeling compared to pre- and peri-menopausal mice. Female mice treated with Ang II following surgical removal of ovaries (OVX) experienced a similar exacerbation of cardiac remodeling. Daily adminstration of the AMPK activator (A-769662, s.c. 30mg/kg) prevented pathological remodeling in menopausal and OVX female mice subjected to Ang II. We conclude that AMPK represents a non-canonical target for the mitigation of menopausal susceptibly to CVD.
The lie
Authors: Jiminy, Jiminy
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Annie is from New Hampshire and came here to the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains for the horse show. The nurses and I carry her from the car into the emergency room and gently place her on the gurney. She was kicked in the abdomen by her horse and lay in a field for over an hour until friends found her and brought her to the hospital. Even though I am working in the emergency room of a small hospital, I am confident. The nurses know their jobs. Faced with a serious surgical problem, we work well together. Within a few minutes we have inserted two IVs, one in a forearm vein, another in the external jugular; her blood pressure, however, remains marginal. The fluid from the abdominal tap is grossly bloody and so is her urine. Annie remains calm. Her serious eyes are piercing; I hold her hand
Discussion
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

This identification is carried out on three columns of different polarities, and at different temperatures, to ensure the validity of the analysis.Subsequent to this screening, suspect samples are analysed again using a thermionic detector specifically used for nitrogen compounds, and a flame photometric detector for sulphur compounds; and then by mass frag- mentometry.This analytical method can be extended to other categories of doping agents permitting their detection and identification even for very low concentrations.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Authors: A. HERR SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1884)

<h3>Medical Matters before Congress—Medical Inspectors at Foreign Consulates—July 2.</h3> —The Sundry Civil Appropriation Bill as before the United States Senate, contains the following clause which was adopted. Expenses of State Department. To enable the Secretary of State to appoint from time to time for such period as is absolutely necessary, medical inspectors to be attached to the United States Consulates in countries where yellow fever, cholera or plague exist in epidemic form, $10,000. <h3>National Board of Health.</h3> —The same bill contains a clause, which was passed to the effect of striking out the existing clause, "That all laws or parts of laws authorizing the appointment of a National Board of Health be, and the same are hereby repealed; " and to insert, " For pay and expenses of the members of the National Board of Health, $8,000; and for the investigation of questions affecting the public health, $10,000." July 3, in
Without Prejudice
Authors: None Pertinax
Journal: BMJ (1966)

<h3>Background/aims</h3> The use of intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor antibodies for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has stressed ophthalmology services and drug budgets throughout the world. The authors study the population-based incidence of exudative AMD in Iceland and the use of intravitreal ranibizumab in a defined population. <h3>Methods</h3> This is a prospective study of 439 consecutive patients aged 60 years and older with exudative AMD starting intravitreal ranibizumab for exudative AMD in Iceland from March 2007 to December 2009. All patients initially received three consecutive ranibizumab injections, with regular follow-up visits and re-treatment as needed. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 517 eyes from 439 patients received treatment for exudative AMD (mean age 79 years). The annual incidence of exudative AMD in the population 60 years and older is 0.29%. The incidence increased with advancing age, double for patients 85 years and older compared with those 75–79 years. Approximately 2400 ranibizumab injections per 100 000 persons aged 60 years and older were given each year for exudative AMD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data allow an estimation of the incidence of exudative AMD in a Caucasian population and the treatment load with ranibizumab, which may help plan anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment programmes and estimate costs.
Shock
Authors: Robert W. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This is the 13th in a series of monographs on<i>Problems in Clinical Surgery</i>, edited by J. Engelbert Dunphy. The material in this volume is developed largely from the experience of the authors in the very active Trauma Unit of the Parkland Memorial Hospital and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, in Dallas. They have made detailed studies of shock in critically injured patients and in hypovolemic animals. The data obtained from these studies and concepts derived from them form the major portion of the presentation. A brief introductory section provides a classification and review of clinical physiologic manifestations of shock. The major section of the volume is devoted to the pathophysiologic responses to traumatic and hemorrhagic shock. A chapter on "Extracellular Fluid" provides an excellent review of their extensive studies of the changes in distribution of interstitial and intracellular fluid with hypovolemia. A useful, although brief, chapter is
Erratum: Distinct Salmonella Enteritidis lineages associated with enterocolitis in high-income settings and invasive disease in low-income settings
Authors: Nicholas A Feasey, James Hadfield, Karen H Keddy, Timothy J Dallman, Jan Jacobs, Xiangyu Deng, Paul Wigley, Lars Barquist, Gemma C Langridge, Theresa Feltwell, Simon R Harris, Alison E Mather, Maria Fookes, Martin Aslett, Chisomo Msefula, Samuel Kariuki, Calman A Maclennan, Robert S Onsare, François-Xavier Weill, Simon Le Hello, Anthony M Smith, Michael McClelland, Prerak Desai, Christopher M Parry, John Cheesbrough, Neil French, Josefina Campos, Jose A Chabalgoity, Laura Betancor, Katie L Hopkins, Satheesh Nair, Tom J Humphrey, Octavie Lunguya, Tristan A Cogan, Milagritos D Tapia, Samba O Sow, Sharon M Tennant, Kristin Bornstein, Myron M Levine, Lizeth Lacharme-Lora, Dean B Everett, Robert A Kingsley, Julian Parkhill, Robert S Heyderman, Gordon Dougan, Melita A Gordon, Nicholas R Thomson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2017)
Cell Proliferation Not Associated with Carcinogenesis in Rodents and Humans
Authors: Jerrold M. Ward, Hiroshi Uno, Yasushi Kurata, Christopher M. Weghorst, Ja-June Jang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Cell proliferation has often been found to be associated with carcinogenesis in rodents and humans at different stages of the multistage carcinogenesis process.The multistage process includes initiation, promotion, and progression phases.At each phase, increasing the normal level of cell turnover of target cells may enhance carcinogenesis.However, we present evidence that normal levels of cell turnover, or increasing the rate of cell turnover at these different stages, do not necessarily lead to enhanced carcinogenesis.In normal tissues, the length of the cell cycle depends on the age of the host and varies from tissue to tissue.Tissues with normal short cell cycles, such as intestine and bone marrow, do not show a high rate of spontaneous tumors in most species.Cells with higher turnover should be more susceptible to carcinogens at the initiation stage of carcinogenesis if cell proliferation per se causes cancer and if these cells or their progeny survive.Cancer in humans is more often associated with specific etiological factors rather than with the natural proliferative rate of specific tissues.For many tissues of humans and rodents, age-related diseases develop in a progressive, irreversible manner.Often, naturally occurring chronic degenerative and inflammatory changes in a tissue (e.g., kidney, liver, heart, reproductive tract) lead to chronic regeneration of the damaged tissue.Yet, cancer is rarely found in these tissues.In rodent carcinogenesis experiments, chronic toxic lesions, accompanied by increases in normal levels of cell turnover, have sometimes been observed in target organs of nongenotoxic carcinogens.More often, however, organ-specific nongenotoxic toxins are not carcinogens.These toxins include compounds toxic for the liver, kidney, and nasal cavity.In 19 inhalation bioassays conducted by the National Toxicology Program, 5/5 nasal carcinogens and 12/14 nasal noncarcinogens caused nasal lesions usually associated with chronic cell proliferation.Although cell proliferation may contribute to multistage carcinogen- esis, cell proliferation is not necessarily a tumor promoter or cocarcinogen.
Abstract 653: SCN5A Mutation is Associated with Early and Frequent Recurrence of Ventricular Fibrillation in Patients with Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Nobuhiro Nishii, Hiroshi Morita, Shigeki Hiramatsu, Takeshi Tada, Masato Murakami, Satoshi Nagase, Kazufumi Nakamura, Takefumi Oka, Tohru Ohe, Kengo F Kusano
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Mutation in SCN5A has been reported to be causally linked to Brugada syndrome (BrS), but recent observation revealed that this mutation is not necessarily associated with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or syncope episode in a case of BrS. We therefore examined the clinical importance of SCN5A mutation in BrS patients. Total 121 patients were examined. The existence of SCN5A mutation (n=14) was not associated with VF/syncope episode [SCN5A (+) vs SCN5A (−), 28.6% (4/14) vs 10.9% (10/92); P=NS]. ICD was implanted for secondary prevention (SP group) in 28 patients (54.9%) and for primary prevention n (PP group) in 23 of 51 patients (45.1%). During a mean follow-up period of 49.3 ± 33.7 months, 13 patients (46.4%) in SP group and 1 patient (4.3%) in PP group had received appropriate shocks. The shock free survival was significantly shorter in SP group than PP group (52.4% vs 88.9% at 5 years, p = 0.0016). Next, we examined SCN5A mutation on the recurrence of VF episode in SP group. The shock free survival was significantly shorter in BrS patients with SCN5A mutation than the patients without SCN5A mutation (0% vs. 76.4% at 1 years, p = 0.002, figure ). Moreover, the number of ICD shocks was significantly larger in BrS patients with SCN5A mutation than in BrS patients without SCN5A mutation (9.3 ± 6.4 vs. 1.7 ± 3.2, p = 0.001). VF inducibility by programmed electrical stimulation was not associated with shock free survival. SCN5A mutation is strongly associated with early and frequent VF recurrence. Additional medical management should be required in symptomatic BrS patients with SCN5A mutation.
WASHINGTON'S GOVERNOR AND MEDICAL PRACTICE.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The Governor of Washington has vetoed a medical practice act that passed the legislature, because it ruled out the osteopaths. The use of drugs, he claims, is the ruin of the race, and "the osteopaths are perhaps showing us a better way." It is a pity that a man has been elected to such high position, whose mental qualifications are such that he can not see the difference between legitimate medical practice and indiscriminate drugging, and no recourse from the latter but osteopathy or similar forms of quackery. He accuses physicians of "poisoning the springs of life," and calls "the contents of the drugstore perhaps more dangerous to the future well-being of the race than those of the saloon," this last being perhaps a politician's sop to the liquor trade. The spirit, however, of the extracts of the veto message that have been published, is generally that of a sanctimonious
Diseases of the Chest, Throat, and Nasal Cavities including Physical Diagnosis and Diseases of the Lungs, Heart, and Aorta, Laryngology and Diseases of the Pharynx, Larynx, Nose, Thyroid Gland and Œsophagus.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cherished
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The discovery that overexpressing one or a few critical transcription factors can switch cell state suggests that gene regulatory networks are relatively simple. In contrast, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) point to complex phenotypes being determined by hundreds of loci that rarely encode transcription factors and which individually have small effects. Here, we use computer simulations and a simple fitting-free polymer model of chromosomes to show that spatial correlations arising from 3D genome organisation naturally lead to stochastic and bursty transcription plus complex small-world regulatory networks (where the transcriptional activity of each genomic region subtly affects almost all others). These effects require factors to be present at sub-saturating levels; increasing levels dramatically simplifies networks as more transcription units are pressed into use. Consequently, results from GWAS can be reconciled with those involving overexpression. We apply this pan-genomic model to predict patterns of transcriptional activity in whole human chromosomes, and, as an example, the effects of the deletion causing the diGeorge syndrome.
Abstract 12674: Nanoparticles-Mediated Delivery of Irbesartan Reduces Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via PPAR?-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Mice
Authors: Yasuhiro Nakano, Tetsuya Matoba, Gentaro Ikeda, Kazuhiro Nagaoka, Kaku Nakano, Kenji Sunagawa, Kensuke Egashira
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Therapeutic effect of early reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction is limited by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Novel drug delivery system (DDS) might overcome insufficient therapeutic efficacy of current medicines for IR injury. Here we tested our hypothesis that nanoparticles-mediated delivery of irbesartan (Irb-NPs), an angiotensin receptor blocker that possesses a partial agonistic effect on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, ameliorates IR injury. Methods and Results: In a mouse model of myocardial IR injury, flow cytometry (FCM) revealed that neutrophils and Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes/macrophages are predominantly recruited from 3 to 24 hrs after IR, whereas Ly6Clow monocytes/macrophages prevailed after 48 hrs (Fig A). We next examined the role of neutrophils by use of anti-Ly6G antibody and Ly6Chigh monocytes by use of CCR2 KO mice in IR injury and found that Ly6Chigh monocytes/macrophages, but not neutrophils, plays a key role in IR injury in this model (Fi...
Regulation of Placental Growth by Aldosterone and Cortisol
Authors: Carine Moser, Eliyahu V. Khankin, Simone Schüller, Geneviève Escher, Brigitte M. Frey, C.-Bettina Portmann, Marc U. Baumann, Andrea D. Lehmann, Daniel Surbek, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Felix J. Frey, Markus G. Mohaupt
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

During pregnancy, trophoblasts grow to adapt the feto-maternal unit to fetal requirements. Aldosterone and cortisol levels increase, the latter being inactivated by a healthy placenta. By contrast, preeclamptic placental growth is reduced while aldosterone levels are low and placental cortisol tissue levels are high due to improper deactivation. Aldosterone acts as a growth factor in many tissues, whereas cortisol inhibits growth. We hypothesized that in preeclampsia low aldosterone and enhanced cortisol availability might mutually affect placental growth and function. Proliferation of cultured human trophoblasts was time- and dose-dependently increased with aldosterone (P &amp;lt; 0.04 to P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and inhibited by spironolactone and glucocorticoids (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Mineralo- and glucocorticoid receptor expression and activation upon agonist stimulation was verified by visualization of nuclear translocation of the receptors. Functional aldosterone deficiency simulated in pregnant mice by spironolactone treatment (15 μg/g body weight/day) led to a reduced fetal umbilical blood flow (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In rat (P &amp;lt; 0.05; R2 = 0.2055) and human (X2 = 3.85; P = 0.0249) pregnancy, placental size was positively related to plasma aldosterone. Autocrine production of these steroid hormones was excluded functionally and via the absence of specific enzymatic transcripts for CYP11B2 and CYP11B1. In conclusion, activation of mineralocorticoid receptors by maternal aldosterone appears to be required for trophoblast growth and a normal feto-placental function. Thus, low aldosterone levels and enhanced cortisol availability may be one explanation for the reduced placental size in preeclampsia and related disorders.
Effects of Transplacental Exposure to Chlorinated Phenols
Authors: Jerry H. Exon, Loren D. Koller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Female rats were exposed to 0, 5, 50 or 500 ppm of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) or pentachlorophenol (PCP). The study was designed to produce progeny which were exposed to the chlorophenolic compounds both prenatally and postnatally. Percent conception, litter size, birth weight, and number of stillbirths was determined at parturition. Hematologic parameters and body weights of the progeny were recorded at weaning age (3 weeks). Effects on reproduction were observed in both the 2-CP and PCP-exposed groups, as indicated by decreased litter sizes and increased number of stillborn. The data indicate that these chlorinated phenolic compounds may be feto- or embryotoxic at high doses. Effects on hematologic parameters were not observed. Further study involving transplacental and chronic exposures to these chlorophenolic compounds appears warranted.
Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Densitometry of the peripheral skeleton to detect osteopenia
Authors: G. L. Bilbrey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The assertion by Drs Mazess and Cameron<sup>1</sup>in a recent letter to the editor in<i>JAMA</i>that single-photon absorptiometry is an ineffective method for early detection of osteopenia in osteoporosis is not accurate. It is time to separate myth from fact. There is convincing evidence that the 5-mm distal radial site represents a concentration of trabecular bone in excess of 50%. Standard distal radial measurements contain more cortical and less trabecular bone than 5-mm measurements. First, comparison of graphs demonstrates the more proximal anatomic location of the standard distal radial measurements<sup>2</sup>when compared with the more distal 5-mm site.<sup>3</sup>Second, the range of mean bone mineral density measurements at the standard distal radial site is from approximately 525 to 350 mg/sq cm,<sup>2</sup>whereas the 5-mm site ranges from 440 to 280 mg/sq cm.<sup>3</sup>Comparing the former distal measurement (25% trabecular bone) with
Calusterone
Authors: D. J. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The good effect of calusterone in patients with metastatic cancer of the breast, reported in this issue (p 483) by Gordan, will naturally arouse great interest. Results in 102 patients appear to justify his tentative opinion that calusterone is the most useful steroid now under study for treatment of this disease. More than twice as many objective regressions were observed as would have been expected with use of testosterone propionate. Unfortunately, these observations and the others cited by Gordan are not adequate to establish the worth of calusterone, because they did not include appropriate controls. They are only pilot studies. Examples of equally promising therapeutic innovations which subsequently failed to pass more rigorous scrutiny are all too common, due to unintended selection of patients, or unsuspected bias in evaluations. As Gordan points out, a well-designed study for this type of agent requires (1) random assignment of patients among apparently comparable