tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Examination of the Melatonin Hypothesis in Women Exposed at Night to EMF or Bright Light
Authors: Charles Graham, Mary R. Cook, Mary M. Gerkovich, Antonio Sastre
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

It has been hypothesized that the increased incidence of breast cancer in industrial societies is related to greater exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) and/or the presence of high levels of light at night (LAN). EMF and LAN are said to reduce circulating levels of the hormone melatonin which, in turn, allows estrogen levels to rise and stimulate the turnover of breast epithelial stem cells and increase the risk for malignant transformation. Three laboratory-based studies, in which a total of 53 healthy young women were exposed at night to EMF or to LAN under controlled exposure conditions, were performed to determine whether such exposures reduce melatonin and are associated with further alterations in estrogen. All-night exposure to industrial-strength magnetic fields (60 Hz, 28.3 microT) had no effect on the blood levels of melatonin or estradiol. In contrast, nocturnal melatonin levels were profoundly suppressed, and the time of peak concentration was significantly delayed in women exposed to LAN, regardless of whether they were in the follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. These changes, however, were not associated with alterations in point-for-point matching measures of estradiol. Women who chronically secrete high or low amounts of melatonin each night (area-under-curve range: 86-1,296 pg/mL) also did not differ in their blood levels of estradiol. Taken together, these results are consistent with a growing body of evidence which generally suggests that environmental EMF exposure has little or no effect on the parameters measured in this report.
Prediction model for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Authors: Allan Andresson Lima Pereira, Aparna Raj Parikh, Emily E. Van Seventer, Jingquan Jia, Jonathan M. Loree, Preeti Kanikarla Marie, Kanwal Pratap Singh Raghav, Van K. Morris, Michael J. Overman, Victoria M. Raymond, Richard B. Lanman, AmirAli Talasaz, John H. Strickler, Ryan Bruce Corcoran, Scott Kopetz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

3590 Background: While tissue-based assays have yields above 90% in solid tumors, there is less known about factors that influence the sensitivity of ctDNA for detecting mutations. Methods:We retrospectively evaluated mCRC patients (pts) who had plasma-derived NGS utilizing a highly-sensitive targeted 68-73-gene ctDNA assay. In a case-control design, pts with a known mutation on tissue and radiologic evidence of metastatic disease but no detectable ctDNA mutation were matched 1:3 with randomly selected pts with detectable mutations and compared according to clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics. A prediction score for ctDNA detection was built using a binary logistic backward stepwise regression analysis and tested in two independent data sets from different institutions. Area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operating characteristics curves (ROC) were used for internal and external validation. Results: From 416 pts who met inclusion criteria, plasma-derived NGS did not find tumor mutations in 66 cases (15.9%); 198 pts with detectable alterations were selected as controls. After multivariate analysis, the detection of ctDNA was associated with increasing age (OR 1.05; 95%CI 1.02-1.09; p = .001), presence of liver (OR 5.82; 95%CI 2.55-12.49; p &lt; .001) and lymph node metastases (OR 3.28; 95%CI 1.51-7.60; p = .004), archival TP53 mutations (OR = 2.88; 95%CI 1.37-6.17; p = .006). A key determinant was timing of collection relative to disease status: plasma collected in newly diagnosed metastatic disease or after evidence of progression was substantially more likely to have detectable alterations (OR 9.24; 95%CI 4.11-22.40; p &lt; .001); The simplified prediction model performed well in internal (AUC = 0.88) and external validation (AUC = 0.95; 163 pts). Conclusions: Our validated prediction model provides clinicians and researchers with a tool to screen for patients in whom ctDNA testing can outperform tissue-based testing in detecting genomic alterations.
British Journal of Industrial Medicine, London
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Presymptomatic testing for Huntington's disease
Authors: S. J. Bird
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Recombinant DNA technology has made possible the identification of a DNA marker for Huntington's disease (HD). In spite of limitations to a presymptomatic test based on this work, and a variety of ethical and policy concerns associated with presymptomatic testing in general, it is likely that such a testing program can and will soon be developed. Its impact needs to be carefully considered by the health care community and policymakers. A presymptomatic test for HD is sought by those at risk and should be made available with proper safeguards to protect confidentiality. Given its potential impact, testing should be offered in a setting that provides diverse and continuing support. Research institutions with a variety of counseling programs, health care professionals, HD lay organizations, and society at large can work together to develop programs that provide the support necessary for responsible, autonomous decision making. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3286-3291)
Paradoxical pain.
Authors: D Bowsher
Journal: BMJ (1993)

guarding the confidentiality of patients."Most lay people see the profession's scepticism as an insult to their integrity.The General Medical Services Committee's working party seems to have been unconcerned about how the public and politicians might view its proposals-otherwise it would not have proposed to increase professional control over a system already under challenge for partiality, lack of openness, and professional control.The public is unlikely to find its ideas acceptable.To suggest that most complaints are problems of communication, amenable to resolution by doctors them- selves, will not be seen as an improvement.The extension of the informal conciliatory system will not satisfy the demand for an investigative system.It is in nobody's interest to increase the adversarial nature of the procedures, yet this is what the General Medical Services Committee acknowledges would result from its proposals.Complaints should be seen as part ofthe system that assures quality and maintains standards.That requires an open, problem solving approach-and one that uses complaints to trigger reviews of standards.Agreement on philosophy would make agreement on procedures possible.These papers suggest that the profession has some distance to travel before recognising that an enlightened self interest would have it advertising for complaints and making sure that they were investigated independently.The public's expectations, raised by the citizen's charter, are unlikely to be satisfied with anything less.
Fulminant respiratory failure. A manifestation of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: T. P. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE CAUSE of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unknown, but a variety of clinical entities are associated with it. Usually, only supportive treatment is recommended, with prevention of tissue hypoxia the primary goal, but it is important to be aware of all specific diseases that may lead to ARDS so that therapy can be individualized rather than just supportive. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old woman was admitted to Tampa (Fla) General Hospital in August 1978 with a five-day history of nausea, intermittent fever, and vaginal bleeding. She was taking no medications and her only previous hospitalizations were for uncomplicated childbirth. Physical examination revealed an obese, afebrile woman with a respiratory rate of 14/min. She was confused and uncooperative. Her fundi were normal, and her conjunctiva were pale and icteric. The neck was supple. Examination of the heart and lungs showed normal findings. Vaginal wall petechiae were seen,
Barrington
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1971)

John Rowan Wilson is a physician who has written several fine novels about doctors. His latest, entitled<i>Barrington</i>, concerns a doctor who founded a hospital in Africa. Although the book contains the usual disclaimer of any connection with persons living or dead, the dust jacket clearly states that the book deals with the life and legend of Albert Schweitzer. In Wilson's novel, Barrington is portrayed as an Englishman of working-class origin who gave up medical research because of his sympathy for experimental animals. Since he could not find satisfactory professional opportunities in England, he went to Africa and founded a hospital resembling Lambaréné. He had little concern for his first wife, who died after a few years, presumably as the result of hardships and general dissatisfaction. He married again, but quarreled with his second wife and later separated from her. His only daughter was brought up by relatives in England
Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Larry M. Baddour, Walter R. Wilson, Arnold S. Bayer, Vance G. Fowler, Ann F. Bolger, Matthew E. Levison, Patricia Ferrieri, Michael A. Gerber, Lloyd Y. Tani, Michael H. Gewitz, David C. Tong, James M. Steckelberg, Robert S. Baltimore, Stanford T. Shulman, Jane C. Burns, Donald A. Falace, Jane W. Newburger, Thomas J. Pallasch, Masato Takahashi, Kathryn A. Taubert
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Despite advances in medical, surgical, and critical care interventions, infective endocarditis remains a disease that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. The continuing evolution of antimicrobial resistance among common pathogens that cause infective endocarditis creates additional therapeutic issues for physicians to manage in this potentially life-threatening illness. Methods and Results— This work represents the third iteration of an infective endocarditis “treatment” document developed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease of the Young. It updates recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications of infective endocarditis. A multidisciplinary committee of experts drafted this document to assist physicians in the evolving care of patients with infective endocarditis in the new millennium. This executive summary addresses the major points detailed in the larger document that contains more extensive background information and pertinent references. For the first time, an evidence-based scoring system that is used by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association was applied to treatment recommendations. Tables also have been included that provide input on the use of echocardiography during diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis, evaluation and treatment of culture-negative endocarditis, and short-term and long-term management of patients during and after completion of antimicrobial treatment. To assist physicians who care for children, pediatric dosing was added to each treatment regimen. Conclusions— The recommendations outlined in this summary should assist physicians in all aspects of patient care in the diagnosis, medical and surgical treatment, and follow-up of infective endocarditis, as well as management of associated complications. Clinical variability and complexity in infective endocarditis, however, dictate that these guidelines be used to support and not supplant physician-directed decisions in individual patient management.
Editorial: An unnecessary risk to children.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

hormones accounts for the weak thyroid stimulating activity of very large quantities of HCG.Undoubtedly, then, hyperthyroidism in association with hydatidiform mole results from the very high levels of HCG found in this condition, and this association is probably more frequent than has been generally recognised.A detailed and systematic study of patients with trophoblastic tumours would provide further data on the true frequency and clinical im- portance of this association.The frequency of clinical hyperthyroidism in women with moles is uncertain.Higgins et all' found clinical evidence of hyperthyroidism in nine of their 14 patients and biochemical hyperthyroidism in one of the remainder.Galton and her colleagues,12 however, found increased thyroid function in all 11 patients studied, but clinical hyperthyroidism was not seen in any of this group.These differences may be attributed to patient selection or to variable sensitivity to this thyroid stimulator.Clearly this is an association which must be suspected in all cases, but particularly1 when serum levels of HCG exceed 300 IU/ml.
Clinical Applications of Radioactive Isotopes
Authors: John D. Reeves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

Metabolic Applications of Radioactive Isotopes in Radiotherapy Dosage theories. Great hope has been expressed in some quarters that chemical, metabolic or biologic selectivity by specific tissues might sufficiently localize isotopes to make their use rewarding in the treatment of malignant processes. However, the fact that relatively little concrete progress has been made in this direction was not totally unexpected. To produce effective localized radiation of a tumor by the internal administration of an isotope, the tumor must take up thirty to one hundred times the quantity of an isotope that is taken up by normal tissue. It is known . . .
Distinct Roles of JNKs/p38 MAP Kinase and ERKs in Apoptosis and Survival of HCD-57 Cells Induced by Withdrawal or Addition of Erythropoietin
Authors: Rujiao Shan, James O. Price, William A. Gaarde, Brett P. Monia, Sanford B. Krantz, Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
Journal: Blood (1999)
An Overview
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of cigarette smoking on survival of patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Report from the CASS registry
Authors: R. E. Vlietstra
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Through a multicenter registry of patients in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study, we prospectively evaluated morbidity and mortality in 4,165 smokers with angiographically proved coronary artery disease, 2,675 of whom continued to smoke and 1,490 of whom quit. At five years, mortality (adjusted by Cox analysis for baseline differences) was 22% for those who continued smoking and 15% for quitters. The relative risk (also from the Cox analysis) for mortality in continuers vs quitters was 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.29 to 1.85). The adverse effect of smoking mainly took the form of higher frequencies of myocardial infarction-associated death and sudden death: the frequencies of these events during follow-up in continuers vs quitters were 7.9% vs 4.4% for myocardial infarction-associated death and 2.8% vs 1.5% for sudden death. This study supports the recommendation that patients with coronary artery disease should stop smoking. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1023-1027)
Military physicians face new challenges as Bosnia peacekeeping effort lengthens
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

PHYSICIANS and other US medical team members who go downrange to The Box contend—among other challenges—with pudding, battle rattle, and Groundhog Day. American GIs always have been quick to provide nicknames for the places and circumstances they face, and the nowextended (until mid 1998) North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) peaceenforcement effort in the former Yugoslavia is no exception. As US military physicians and their comrades use the term, to go "downrange" is to deploy to the US peaceenforcement sector (between the British and French sectors) of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, usually from US Army or Air Force bases in Germany or even the United States. Once in "The Box" (Bosnia), the deployed military physicians and other personnel join some 8375 US Army and Air Force men and women (and a few US civilians with special assignments) in contending with the "pudding" (mud), cold, rain or snow, fog, loneliness,
Abstract 1115: NANOG-AKT signaling increases metastatic capacity via stabilizes HDAC1 protein through Chfr inactivation
Authors: Eunho Cho
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Histone deacetylases (HDACs), in particular HDAC1, play an important role in tumor development and progression by modifying histone and non-histone proteins. Overexpression of HDAC1, as a cancer marker associated with poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the regulatory molecular mechanisms of HDAC1 expression remain largely unknown. Previously, we validated the correlation between the key pluripotency transcription factor NANOG and HDAC1 in immune-edited tumor cells by identifying that NANOG upregulates HDAC1 expression through its promotor occupancy. In this study, we further elucidated the mechanism that Nanog could regulate the Hdac1 protein level, as well as transcriptional level. Interestingly, we found that Nanog induces phosphorylation of an E3 ubiquitin ligase Chfr through Akt signaling, which results in the inactivation of Chfr. This decreases not only ubiquitinase activity but proteasomal degradation on Hdac1. Furthermore, accumulated Hdac1 on its own gives rise to metastatic capacity in cancer cells. Moreover, inhibition of Akt signaling is significantly effective at reversing HDAC1 mediated metastatic capacity in refractory cancer types. Taken together, we suggest a mechanistic rationale for the application of Akt inhibitors in HDAC1+ cancer treatment. Citation Format: Eunho Cho. NANOG-AKT signaling increases metastatic capacity via stabilizes HDAC1 protein through Chfr inactivation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1115.
Anesthesiology
Authors: Robert T. Capps
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Only a few of the recent developments in anesthesiology are described in this brief review, which does not purport to be exhaustive. The anesthesiologists' armamentarium has been enlarged by the introduction of a new inhalation agent and a new muscle-relaxant drug, but it may be reduced by suggestions from some investigators that one of the oldest inhalation agents in use should be abandoned. In other developments, a renewed interest in the relief of pain has been noted with the reassessment and application of new techniques for controlling pain in the postoperative period and with the study of pain receptors in the CNS. Isoflurane is the latest inhalation anesthetic to be introduced into clinical practice,<sup>1</sup>and it joins two other halogenated compounds, halothane and enflurane, in the drugs available to the clinical anesthesiologist. Isoflurane, prior to its release, had had extensive investigational and clinical trials for nearly ten years. It
MEDICAL FAMILIES
Authors: J. A. Chatard
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I noticed inThe Journal, May 3, page 2102, a short report from Dr. J. P. Sharon about a medical family that he knew, with their names and relationships. Although some of them are dentists, there are a number of M.D.'s among them. This report aroused my interest enough to enclose the bookplate that I had designed for my son's graduation in 1938 at Johns Hopkins. He is the seventh doctor in my family, all of whom have practiced in Baltimore in an unbroken line. He is the fourth Ferdinand. I have all the diplomas of my forebears, including those of my uncle S. M. C. and of my brother F. E. C. III, who did not live long enough to practice but died a month after graduation. My uncle after starting in medicine went into the priesthood and later became the Bishop of Indianapolis. The reason
LORENZ HEISTER (1683-1758) EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SURGEON
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal