tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial Oxygenation
Authors: John G. Mohler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was exceedingly pleased with the attempt of Sinha et al to deal with the importance of arterial blood gases in neurological problems (224:1258, 1973). However, a few points disturb me; they are perhaps detailed, but necessary for understanding. An arterial oxygen pressure (Pao<sub>2</sub>) is not really interpretable without knowing the arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO<sub>2</sub>) that goes with it. If one is to assume that the Paco<sub>2</sub>was 40 in all cases, then we're left with impossible combinations of PaO<sub>2</sub>-PaCO<sub>2</sub>in their normals. Without breathing oxygen-enriched air, it is not physically possible to have a PaO<sub>2</sub>greater than about 110 mm Hg if the Paco<sub>,</sub>is 40. We're left wondering how "normals" could then range to above 120 mm Hg, not to mention patients with neurological difficulties. Second, they redefined an important word in terms of pressures rather than content. Hypoxemia
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, February 15 to March 15, 1960
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, February 15 to March 15, 1960 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 24, Issue 4, April 1960, Pages 1004–1005, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/24.4.1004-b Published: 01 April 1960
Indoor, Outdoor, and Regional Summer and Winter Concentrations of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 4 2- , H + , NH 4 + , NO 3 - , NH 3 , and Nitrous Acid in Homes with and without Kerosene Space Heaters
Authors: Brian P. Leaderer, Luke Naeher, Thomas Jankun, Kathleen Balenger, Theodore R. Holford, Cindy Toth, Jim Sullivan, Jack M. Wolfson, Petros Koutrakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)
Relationships between Environmental Organochlorine Contaminant Residues, Plasma Corticosterone Concentrations, and Intermediary Metabolic Enzyme Activities in Great Lakes Herring Gull Embryos
Authors: Angela Lorenzen, Thomas W. Moon, Sean W. Kennedy, Glen A. Fox
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Experiments were conducted to survey and detect differences in plasma corticosterone concentrations and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in herring gull (Larus argentatus) embryos environmentally exposed to organochlorine contaminants in ovo. Unincubated fertile herring gull eggs were collected from an Atlantic coast control site and various Great Lakes sites in 1997 and artificially incubated in the laboratory. Liver and/or kidney tissues from approximately half of the late-stage embryos were analyzed for the activities of various intermediary metabolic enzymes known to be regulated, at least in part, by corticosteroids. Basal plasma corticosterone concentrations were determined for the remaining embryos. Yolk sacs were collected from each embryo and a subset was analyzed for organochlorine contaminants. Regression analysis of individual yolk sac organochlorine residue concentrations, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs), with individual basal plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated statistically significant inverse relationships for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), non-ortho PCBs, and TEQs. Similarly, inverse relationships were observed for the activities of two intermediary metabolic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malic enzyme) when regressed against PCDDs/PCDFs. Overall, these data suggest that current levels of organochlorine contamination may be affecting the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and associated intermediary metabolic pathways in environmentally exposed herring gull embryos in the Great Lakes.
Severe Epistaxis.
Authors: T. M. Baird
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Thurber, Texas, Oct. 6, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to report in brief a severe case of epistaxis that occurred in my practice last week. I was called to see a young man aged 26, at 10 P.M., to stop a very severe nose-bleed from the right nostril. He has a large polypus in that nostril, which I judge to be the cause of the hemorrhage. With Dr. Chas. Binney, who was also called, I soon plugged the nose anteriorly and posteriorly with cotton, also insufflated tannic acid into the bleeding nostril and left, feeling satisfied that he would not be troubled any more that night. Dr. Binney sent for me at six in the morning and informed me that he had been with the patient nearly all night. He could stop the bleeding, but in a short time it would commence again by the blood flowing into the
In vivo transfection of hepatitis C virus complementary DNA into rodent liver by asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery*1
Authors: M YAMAMOTO
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

An in vivo model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is needed to enable investigation of the mechanism of the liver injury that it causes. In this study, we used asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery to obtain expression of the complementary DNA (cDNA) coding the core and part of the envelope 1 protein of HCV because selective delivery to the hepatocytes has been reported to be attained with this method. The optimum carrier-DNA ratio was examined using in vitro transfection and found to be important for the efficiency of this method. In transfection in vivo, microautoradiographical examination showed that the transfected plasmids were delivered selectively to the liver parenchymal cells. To obtain an immunohistochemically detectable level of protein expression in rodent liver, some modifications for increasing the in vivo transfection efficiency were performed; a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor, chloroquine, was used and the administration route of the carrier-DNA complex was changed from the tail vein to the portal vein. On the bases of these results, in vivo transfection with expression vector of HCV core/E1 region was performed. In rat liver transfected by intraportal injection with chloroquine, the transcript RNA and the core protein were detected. These results indicated that the HCV core/E1 expression vector was not merely delivered but also successfully expressed in the liver using asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated gene delivery. The number of the HCV core expressing cells in the transfected liver was similar to that in patients with hepatitis C. These in vivo transfected animals should be useful for investigating the role of this region in the liver injury caused by HCV.
OC-043 Mutation of the Ferric Uptake Regulator (FUR) Severely Impairs Toxin Production in a Human in vitro Gut Model of Clostridium Difficile Infection
Authors: TM Monaghan, CH Chilton, M Fit, AM Buckley, SA Kuehne, MH Wilcox, A Cockayne
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Regulation of iron uptake and utilisation is critical for bacterial growth and for prevention of iron toxicity. To date, little research has been carried out on iron uptake mechanisms and their regulation in <i>Clostridium difficile</i>. However, analysis of available <i>C. difficile</i> genome sequences reveals the presence of multiple iron-uptake systems and regulators underlining the importance of iron acquisition for clostridial growth. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic effects of the ferrous iron uptake system FeoB1 and the ferric uptake regulator and iron-dependent global gene regulator Fur in <i>C. difficile</i>. <h3>Methods</h3> ClosTron mutagenesis was used to generate knockout mutants in a single <i>feoB1</i> and <i>fur</i> homologue in <i>C. difficile</i> 630Δ<i>erm</i>, which were then inoculated into an <i>in vitro</i> human gut model to investigate relative propensity to induce <i>C. difficile</i> infection (CDI). Three parallel triple-stage chemostat gut models were primed with human faecal emulsions and spiked with <i>C. difficile</i> spores (~10<sup>7</sup> spores) from each mutant in addition to the 630Δ<i>erm</i> wild-type parental strain. Bacterial populations were allowed to equilibrate before simulated CDI was induced by instillation of clindamycin (33.9 mg/L, four times daily for 7 days). Serial samples were collected for enumeration of microflora populations, <i>C. difficile</i> vegetative cells, spores and measurement of cytotoxin titres. <h3>Results</h3> Cytotoxicity assays revealed that the <i>fur</i> mutant strain produced considerably lower toxin levels (~1000 fold lower) than the <i>feoB1</i> and wild type strain. Following clindamycin exposure, all three <i>C. difficile</i> strains germinated and exhibited sustained vegetative proliferation (~5.5/6 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/mL). The <i>feoB1</i> mutant strain germinated slightly earlier than the other strains, which may have been influenced by the slightly lower clindamycin levels in the <i>feoB1</i> model. Indeed, compared to wild type, higher minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed for both mutant strains, indicating reduced susceptibility to clindamycin. In all three models, the introduction of clindamycin caused a decline in Bifidobacteria (3.5 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/mL), Clostridia (~3 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/mL) and Lactobacilli (~2 log<sub>10 </sub>cfu/mL) with increases in Enterococci and Enterobacteriaceae (2–4 log<sub>10</sub> cfu/mL). However, no specific microflora changes correlated with the strain of <i>C. difficile</i> used in each of the models. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These findings reveal the important role of the Fur system in regulating the expression of <i>C. difficile </i>toxins. Modulation of iron homeostasis may represent a potential novel therapeutic or preventative strategy against CDI. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
<i>Circulation Research</i> Thematic Synopsis: Cardiovascular Development
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

segments derived from large exons.Furthermore, the results showed that the genes modified and the distribution of modifications within mRNAs is conserved between mouse and humans.Particularly intriguing is the recent discovery that FTO gene, a risk gene for obesity and metabolic abnormalities, is an m6A demethylase.These results suggest a potential regulatory role for covalent modification of RNA and a link with metabolic disorders.
Adrenomedullin Relaxes Rat Uterine Artery: Mechanisms and Influence of Pregnancy and Estradiol
Authors: Gracious R. Ross, Uma Yallampalli, Pandu R. R. Gangula, Luckey Reed, K. Sathishkumar, Haijun Gao, Madhu Chauhan, Chandra Yallampalli
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Abstract Uterine arteries play a major role in regulating uteroplacental blood flow. Failure to maintain blood flow to the uteroplacental compartment during pregnancy often results in intrauterine growth retardation. Immunohistochemical staining of adrenomedullin (AM), an endogenous vasoactive peptide, in uterine artery was intense in pregnant compared to nonpregnant rats, but it is not known whether AM directly relaxes uterine artery or not. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms of uterine artery relaxation by AM and its regulation by pregnancy and female sex steroids. AM was able to relax uterine artery, and this relaxation was influenced positively by pregnancy and estradiol as evidenced by the increased pD2 and Emax values of AM. Both pregnancy and estradiol treatment to ovariectomized rats amplified RAMP3 expression in uterine arteries while progesterone had no effect. AM-induced uterine artery relaxation is predominantly endothelium-dependent. The AM receptor antagonist CGRP8-37 is more potent than AM22-52 in inhibiting the AM relaxation, indicating the involvement of AM2 receptor subtype. Moreover, AM uses the classical nitric oxide-cGMP pathway along with KCa channels to mediate the vasodilatory effect in uterine artery. In conclusion, sensitivity of uterine artery to AM-induced relaxation is increased with pregnancy or estradiol treatment by increasing RAMP3 expression, suggesting an important role for AM in regulating the uterine hemodynamics, probably maintaining uterine blood flow during pregnancy and in pre- and postmenopausal cardiovascular adaptation differences.
Residual effects of septic arthritis in infancy and childhood
Authors: J. B. Howard
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Septic arthritis affects weight-bearing joints in three fourths of cases. When the disease occurs in infancy, joint dysfunction may not be apparent until many months later. We located 49 children who had had 50 episodes of septic arthritis from 1 1/2 to 12 years earlier (mean, 4.3 years). Thirteen patients (27%) had sequelae, and in eight (16%), there was impairment of ambulation. Residual damage was more common with hip and ankle involvement than with knee joint disease. Sequelae were equally common after<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>and<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>infection. Evaluation at the time of hospital discharge correctly identified only four of the 13 children with sequelae, and four others who were normal at follow-up had been thought to have permanent damage at discharge. Children with sequelae tended to have been sick longer before diagnosis, and drainage of pus was delayed. (<i>JAMA</i>236:932-935, 1976)
Pneumocystis Jirovecil Pneumonia (PJP)in Non-HIV Infected Patients with Solid Tumor
Authors: T. Koyama, D. Gomi, T. Enokida, H. Takeyama, Y. Nishida, T. Mikawa, Y. Ozaki, Y. Sugihara, D. Hamaguchi, Y. Nakamura, M. Nagano, M. Matsuda, Y. Oyama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Abstract 5070: Sulforaphane is a novel inhibitor of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone resorption
Authors: Subrata K. Pore, Joseph D. Latoche, Carolyn J. Anderson, Juraj Adamik, Deborah L. Galson, Kurt R. Weiss, Boeun Lee, Rebecca J. Watters, Prashant N. Kumta, Shivendra V. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Bone is the preferred site for metastatic spread in women with advanced breast cancer, and skeletal complications is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Nearly 70% of luminal-type breast cancer patients with metastases to bone experience skeletal complications due to enhanced osteoclastogenesis (osteoclast activation) that increases bone resorption, pain, pathological fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. The present study was designed to determine the effect of a cruciferous vegetable component (Sulforaphane; SFN) on breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast differentiation in mouse bone marrow monocytes (BMM) was inhibited significantly upon the addition of 10% conditioned-media (CM) from SFN-treated breast cancer cells belonging to different subtypes, including MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3, in comparison with corresponding control. PCR-based gene expression profiling identified a common set of genes downregulated by SFN treatment compared to vehicle-treated control in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3 cells, including osteoclastogenesis promoting transcription factors (RUNX2, NF-κB, and SOX-9) and certain soluble molecules (MMP9, TNFα, and Cathepsin K). Many of these gene expression changes were confirmed in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3 cells by RT-PCR or western blotting. To determine the in vivo efficacy, SFN was administrated orally (1 mg per mouse; three times/week) to athymic mice intracardially injected with MDA-MB-231-Luc cells. SFN administration significantly inhibited the multiplicity of bone metastases and increased the bone volume relative to total volume. SFN-mediated prevention of osteoclastogenesis was associated with a significant decrease in TRAP-positive osteoclasts in bones and the levels of Cathepsin K, IL-8, and RANKL in serum. Altogether, this study demonstrates, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, that SFN is a potent inhibitor of breast cancer-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. This study was partly funded by a pilot project grant from the UPMC Hillman Cancer (NCI grant P30 CA047904; Robert L. Ferris- Principal Investigator) and RO1 CA142604 and CA129347 awarded by the National Cancer Institute (Shivendra Singh- Principal Investigator). Citation Format: Subrata K. Pore, Joseph D. Latoche, Carolyn J. Anderson, Juraj Adamik, Deborah L. Galson, Kurt R. Weiss, Boeun Lee, Rebecca J. Watters, Prashant N. Kumta, Shivendra V. Singh. Sulforaphane is a novel inhibitor of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone resorption [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5070.
NASA research fosters rehabilitative device
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

More than two years ago, a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) physician arranged for some Philadelphia researchers visiting NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif, to see some of the minimum-friction devices used to simulate satellite motion, spacecraft acceleration, and prolonged weightlessness. Out of that visit has come a device that may help some brain-injured children and adults learn or relearn how to crawl. The visitors, from the independent, private Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential, talked that day with Hubert C. ("Vic") Vykukal, BSME, a NASA research scientist. From this and subsequent conversations evolved the "vehicle for initial crawling," so named because its acronym is the same as its developer's nickname—VIC. The crawling-assistance device is being evaluated for possible roles in rehabilitation efforts. Fifty such devices have been built for the Philadelphia facility by a contractor at a cost of $110 apiece. Essentially, the device consists of
Positive topline results from a 24-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 2 study of the FGF19 analogue aldafermin (NGM282) in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Stephen A. Harrison, Guy Neff, Cynthia Guy, Mustafa Bashir, Angelo Paredes, Juan Frias, Ziad H. Younes, James F. Trotter, Nadege T. Gunn, Sam Moussa, Anita Kohli, Kristen Nelson, Mildred Gottwald, William Chang, Andrew Yan, Alex Depaoli, Lei Ling, Hsiao Lieu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
LIST OF DELEGATES AND MEMBERS.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Intrathecal Infusion Systems: Selection of Patients for Surgical or Medical Management
Authors: J F Stinchon, N P Shah, J Ordia, E Oates
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
Sarcoidosis
Authors: Lee S. Newman, Cecile S. Rose, Lisa A. Maier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown cause that is characterized by its pathological hallmark, the noncaseating granuloma. Its presenting features are protean, ranging from asymptomatic but abnormal findings on chest radiography in many patients to progressive multiorgan failure in an unfortunate minority. The illness can be self-limited or chronic, with episodic recrudescence and remissions. Because the lungs and thoracic lymph nodes are almost always involved, most patients report acute or insidious respiratory problems, variably accompanied by symptoms affecting the skin, eyes, or other organs. The diverse manifestations of this disorder help fuel the prevailing hypothesis that sarcoidosis has more . . .
Subcutaneous thoracentesis utilizing an Ommaya reservoir in amyloid cardiomyopathy
Authors: H. J. Mitnick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

RECURRENT, clinically significant pleural effusions developing in benign and malignant disorders require either repeated thoracentesis or ablation of the pleural space. The former is associated with a risk of pneumothorax and infection, the latter with constitutional symptoms at the time of sclerosis. We recently treated a man whose clinical problems included infiltrative cardiomyopathy, lifethreatening severe pleural effusions, and supine and orthostatic hypotension secondary to primary amyloidosis.<sup>1</sup>Attempts to manage these problems with sodium restriction, diuretics, inotropic agents, and electrical pacing were inadequate and necessitated repeated thoracentesis. Pleural sclerosis was rejected because of two concerns. First, anecdotal reports of procedure failure in effusions secondary to congestive heart failure were known. Second, we believed that pleural ablation might lead to worsening of the contralateral pleural effusion or development of a pericardial effusion. Ommaya reservoirs as currently employed allow access to the cerebral ventricles, allowing for simple and safe sampling of cerebrospinal
For puberty that comes too soon, new treatment highly effective
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Children with true precocious puberty can now be treated definitively with a potent, long-acting analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). The analogue not only arrests or reverses their premature sexual development but also slows their rapid growth and skeletal maturation, forestalling early epiphyseal closure. Hence, unlike untreated patients, the children probably can expect to attain normal adult stature. About 80 children currently are receiving once-daily subcutaneous injections (4 μg/kg of body weight) of the analogue on an investigational basis in a project of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, Md. Of the children, who ranged in age from 9 months to 9 years at the start of the treatment, more than 90% have responded satisfactorily to the therapy. Approximately 30% have precocious puberty secondary to hypothalamic hamartomas. About 10% have entered puberty early because of other CNS abnormalities such as pineal tumors, endocrine conditions such