tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in adipose tissue composition in malnourished patients before and after liver transplantation: A carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography study
Authors: E Thomas
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

We investigated adipose tissue fatty acid composition in 22 moderately to severely malnourished patients with cirrhosis and in 22 healthy volunteers by in vivo carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of adipose tissue samples was also performed in 11 of the patients and in 4 volunteers. In vivo 13C magnetic resonance spectra were obtained from the subcutaneous adipose tissue before and after eight weeks following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Adipose tissue biopsy samples were obtained for GLC analysis at the time of transplantation in the patients and at inguinal hernia repair in the 4 volunteers. No significant differences were found in the subcutaneous adipose tissue total-saturated, - polyunsaturated or -monounsaturated fatty acid composition between patients and healthy volunteers by in vivo 13C MRS. GLC analysis of adipose tissue samples confirmed that total levels of saturated, poly-, and monounsaturated fatty acids remained the same but revealed significant differences in levels of individual fatty acids, particularly n-3 fatty acids (total n-3, cirrhotics: .84% ± .07% vs. controls: 1.36% ± .13%, P < .01). Eight weeks following transplantation, recipients showed a considerable increase in body mass (pretransplantation: 59.3 ± 3.2 vs. posttransplantation: 63.2 ± 3 kg, P < .01). 13C MRS revealed a significant increase in saturated fatty acids (pretransplantation: 21.6 ± 2.8 vs. posttransplantation: 25.5% ± 1.2%, P < .05) and a significant decrease in unsaturated fatty acids. The application of noninvasive MRS techniques may be important to identify the differential uptake of fats, examining both specific fatty acids and different body fat compartments. In the future, this may be useful in optimizing the dietary management of severely malnourished patients with chronic liver disease before liver transplantation.
Shall We "Reproduce"?
Authors: Paul Ramsey
Journal: JAMA (1972)

I must judge that in vitro fertilization constitutes unethical medical experimentation on possible future human beings, and therefore it is subject to absolute moral prohibition. I ask that my exact language be noted: I said, unethical experimentation on<i>possible future human beings</i>. By this, I mean the childto-be, the "successful" experiments when they come. I mean to exclude three things that could be said additionally to make a showing of medical immorality and a notation of illicitness upon the trials that are currently being performed. Excluded are (1) the charge that before going to human experimentation physicians should not have omitted first proving their technique in species more closely related to man, on the primates, eg, monkeys. This is a question of the background needed in the experimental design which an amateur cannot judge. Still I do know enough about discussions among ethical physicians concerning the need to complete the
Abstract 1101: Characterization of spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells refines their prognostic impact in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Yohei Masugi, Tokiya Abe, Minoru Kitago, Masahiro Shinoda, Michiie Sakamoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: The abundance of cytotoxic T cell infiltrates has important implications for patient outcome and therapeutic design in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), although intratumoral heterogeneity remains a major challenge for the better understanding of complicated immune microenvironment of PDAC. We aimed to characterize spatial CD8+ cell distribution within PDAC tissues, which might refine the prognostic role of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes. Methods: We measured CD8+ cell density in tumor center, tumor margin, or whole tumor area, as well as CD8+ cell proximity to carcinoma cells, using fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry-based tissue computation on whole tissue sections of 214 surgically resected PDACs. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to assess the association of CD8+ cell density with pancreatic cancer-specific survival, adjusting for major clinicopathologic and immune-related features, including the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (CD274, PD-L1) expression and the extent of tertiary lymphoid structures. Results: We found a substantial heterogeneity in CD8+ cell density with, on average, a 2-fold-lower density in tumor center than in tumor margin. In multivariable model, the trend of prolonged survival with higher CD8+ cell density was stronger for tumor center, compared to tumor margin or whole tumor area (P for trend = 0.002, 0.07, or 0.009, respectively). Tumor CD274 expression and extensive tertiary lymphoid structures were appeared to be associated with higher CD8+ cell density in tumor margin, but not with CD8+ cell density in tumor center. The mean distance from tumor cells to the adjacent CD8+ cells correlated inversely with CD8+ cell density in tumor center (Spearman correlation efficient, -0.89), although the density of CD8+ cells proximate to cancer cells did not show any prognostic correlation. Conclusion: Our data have shown a prognostic significance of CD8+ cell density in tumor center of PDAC, where CD8+ cell infiltration has been severely limited, suggesting a major role of pro-tumorigenic effect of immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Yohei Masugi, Tokiya Abe, Minoru Kitago, Masahiro Shinoda, Michiie Sakamoto. Characterization of spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells refines their prognostic impact in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1101.
The presence and outcome of biliary sphincter disorders in liver transplant recipients according to the Rome IV classification
Authors: Alejandro Fernandez Simon, Oriol Sendino, Karina Chavez Rivera, Jordi Colmenero, Gonzalo Crespo, Yilliam Fundora, Pablo Ruiz, Constantino Fondevila, Miguel Navasa, Andres Cardenas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Septic and crystalline joint disease. A simultaneous occurrence
Authors: J. H. McConville
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Bacteria and crystals were simultaneously recovered from the synovial fluid of two patients with acutely inflamed joints. The bacteria were initially identified on Gram stain and subsequently grown on supplemented peptone broth, and the crystals were readily identified by polarizing microscopy. Although cause-and-effect relationships between these two types of arthritis cannot be established, the need for thorough examination of synovial fluid is evident. (<i>JAMA</i>231:841-842, 1975)
Editorial: The coal-powered heart
Authors: C. E. Butterworth
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In the midst of all the current discussions about the energy crisis, the concept of food as a form and source of energy generally has been overlooked. There was a hint in 1972 of possible trouble ahead when a shortage of fuel threatened to prevent the drying of tons of grain for storage in the north central states. Then last summer, even before the Yom Kippur war, headlines warned that a gasoline shortage might interfere with the harvesting of crops. Fortunately, these events did not develop into a major crisis, and they passed unnoticed because there was no abrupt change in the supply or price of food. Attention was diverted because the public was not seriously affected in either the stomach or the pocketbook. Nevertheless, there can be little doubt that these developments have contributed to the current upward trend in food prices for the American family. The recent cutback
'Z-Pak' vs ice pack: need for clarity and continuous quality assurance
Authors: C. Lawyer
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Pharmaceutical brand name confusion is an important problem.<sup>1</sup>We have encountered an example of such confusion when an order for a "Z-Pak" was misinterpreted as an order for an "ice pack." Zithromax capsules of azithromycin are available as red, opaque, hard-gelatin capsules prepackaged in a blister card of 6 capsules, which is called a "Z- Pak." The "Z-Pak" card includes standard dosing instructions for the patient, which allows physicians to write a prescription for the drug by simply writing the term "Z- Pak" on the prescription form without including specific dosing instructions. This abbreviated ordering method resulted in the following therapeutic misadventure. A 49-year-old woman was admitted with new onset of pleuritic chest pain and purulent sputum and had a new infiltrate apparent on the chest x-ray film. An order was written in the hospital inpatient chart for a "Z-Pak." The order included no specific dosing instructions
Corrections
Authors: Katherine Shea, Christopher Cleet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Mercury Levels in MothersI read with great interest the excellent article by Mahaffey et al. (2004), which further describes the characteristics of the 1,709 women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 who were sampled for total and organic mercury levels in blood.It adds valuable detail to the initial report published last year (Schober et al. 2003).I would appreciate clarification on one important point: in the "Discussion," the authors cited a new analysis which indicates that the cord blood:maternal blood ratio is not 1:1 as assumed by the National Research Council (NRC) in 2000 (Committee on the Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury 2000), but rather 1.7:1.Using the same benchmark dose lower limit and uncertainty factor used by the NRC, Mahaffey et al. ( 2004) calculated that blood total mercury levels > 3.5 µg/L in mothers could be associated with increased risk to the developing fetal nervous system.I am very interested in the details of this analysis and particularly in understanding why the uncertainty factor applied by the NRC to account in part for toxicokinetic variability does not compensate for uncertainty related to the cord blood:maternal blood mercury ratio.This is a critical concept because it has a dramatic impact on how many women may carry mercury levels in excess of what is believed to be safe for a fetus.
Mitochondrial DNA Migration Events in Yeast and Humans: Integration by a Common End-joining Mechanism and Alternative Perspectives on Nucleotide Substitution Patterns
Authors: J. L. Blanchard, G. W. Schmidt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Substitution Patterns" by Jeffrey L. Blanchard and Gregory W. Schmidt, Mol.Biol.Evol.13(3):537-548 (1996).The correct figure and the alignment (fig.5A) used in calculating D-loop length is shown below.An error was also made in referring to Colobus and Langur as New World monkeys instead of Old World monkeys (p.541).The corrected sentences should read: "A tree was also constructed with a shorter 12s rRNA region from which Old World monkey sequences are available.Although the topology of the tree is not strongly supported by the bootstrap analysis, it is in agreement with primate mitochondrial phylogeny (Ruvolo 1993; Adkins and Honeycutt 1994).".Ja.Monkey Cr.
Very Long-Term Results (More Than 20 Years) of Valve Repair With Carpentier’s Techniques in Nonrheumatic Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Authors: E. Braunberger, A. Deloche, A. Berrebi, A. Fayssoil, J.A Celestin, P. Meimoun, G. Chatellier, S. Chauvaud, J.N. Fabiani, A. Carpentier
Journal: Circulation (2001)
Effect of Chloroacetic Acids on the Kidneys
Authors: Mary E. Davis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The effects of dichloroacetate (DCA) and trichloroacetate (TCA) administered in drinking water were studied. At high concentrations of either compound, weight loss, or failure to gain weight, was observed. Food consumption was also decreased; both effects were attributed to decreased water consumption. Renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity was increased at the highest concentration, and urinary ammonia was also increased. These changes indicated renal adaptation to an acid load. DCA, in pharmacological doses, impairs glucoenogenesis from lactate in part by decreasing lactate availability. Similar tendencies were observed in the present studies; however, female rats showed a biphasic response. At lower DCA concentrations, tissue lactate and plasma glucose concentrations were increased, whereas at higher concentrations of DCA, the expected decreases were observed.
Field Epidemiologic Studies of Populations Exposed to Waste Dumps
Authors: Clark W. Heath
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Epidemiologic studies are required for assessing health risks related to toxic waste exposure. Since the settings in which such studies must be performed are extremely diverse, epidemiologic approaches must be versatile. For any particular study, three fundamental requirements are to assess what toxic materials are present, understand how human exposure may occur, and objectively measure possible biologic effects. In assessing links between exposure and disease, epidemiologists must be particularly aware of: expected disease frequencies in relation to the size of populations studied, implications of long or varied disease latencies for study design and competing causes of disease and associated confounding variables. These concepts are illustrated by discussion of epidemiologic studies related to the Love Canal toxic waste dump site in Niagara Falls, NY.
Phase II Study Of Combination Of Hyper-CVAD With Ponatinib In Front Line Therapy Of Patients (pts) With Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph) Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Elias Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian, Deborah A. Thomas, Farhad Ravandi, Jorge E. Cortes, Stefan H. Faderl, Naveen Pemmaraju, Tapan M. Kadia, Rebecca Garris, Prescott Hillary, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Gautam Borthakur, William G. Wierda, Susan O'Brien
Journal: Blood (2013)
"Ambulatory" Smallpox.
Authors: C. Clarke Towle
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Somerville, Mass., March 16, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I recently had a case of smallpox and the history of its inception may be of interest to some readers ofThe Journal. The case presents no features of especial clinical significance, but the wide range of the victim's travels while in the active stages of the disease, and the possibility of transmission in many localities lead me to report what is mainly the patient's story of the early days of his illness. The patient is a young man of 20, a member of a musical organization which left Boston, February 4, for a trip through the southern states. He was not in good physical condition when he left, as he had had a busy season and was thoroughly tired out. On February 21, at Meridian, Miss., he had an attack of chills, nausea and headache. The next day he felt very
Treatment outcome according to tumor <i>RAS</i> mutation status in OPUS study patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) randomized to FOLFOX4 with/without cetuximab.
Authors: Carsten Bokemeyer, Claus-Henning Kohne, Fortunato Ciardiello, Heinz-Josef Lenz, Volker Heinemann, Ute Klinkhardt, Frank Beier, Klaus Duecker, Sabine Tejpar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3505 Background: The addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX4 significantly improved progression-free survival and response in the first-line treatment of patients (pts) with KRAS codon 12/13 (hereinafter exon 2) wild-type (wt) mCRC. Pts with KRASexon 2 tumor mutations showed no such cetuximab benefit, with a trend for worse outcome. Methods: Available KRAS exon 2 wt tumors from OPUS study pts were screened for 26 mutations (new RAS) in 4 additional KRAS codons (exons 3 and 4) and 6 NRAS codons (exons 2, 3 and 4) using BEAMing technology (5% sensitivity cutoff selected for analysis). Outcome was assessed according to RAS mutation status (KRAS exon 2 + new RAS). Results: Mutation status was evaluable in 118/179 (66%) pts with KRAS exon 2 wt tumors. New RAS mutations were detected in 31/118 (26%) pts. In those with RAS wt tumors, response was significantly improved by the addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX4 (Table). The treatment effect for those with new RAS tumor mutations could not be definitively assessed due to low pt numbers. In pts with any tumor RAS mutation (KRAS exon 2 + new RAS), no benefit from the addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX4 was seen, with a clear trend for worse outcome. Conclusions: Pts with mCRC harboring any activating RAS mutation are unlikely to benefit from the addition of cetuximab to FOLFOX4. Restricting cetuximab administration to pts with tumors wt at all such loci might help further tailoring of therapy to maximize pt benefit. Clinical trial information: NCT00125034. Parameter RAS wt* (all loci) New RAS mt* RAS mt† (any locus) FOLFOX4 + cet N=38 FOLFOX4 N=49 FOLFOX4 + cet N=15 FOLFOX4 N=16 FOLFOX4 + cet N=92 FOLFOX4 N=75 Response rate, % 57.9 28.6 53.3 43.8 37.0 50.7 Odds ratio 3.33 1.50 0.58 95% CI 1.36–8.17 0.35–6.53 0.31–1.08 P value‡ 0.008 0.60 0.087 Median progression-free survival, months 12.0 5.8 7.5 7.4 5.6 7.8 HR 0.53 0.77 1.54 95% CI 0.27–1.04 0.28–2.08 1.04–2.29 P value§ 0.062 0.60 0.031 Median overall survival, months 19.8 17.8 18.4 17.8 13.5 17.8 HR 0.94 1.09 1.29 95% CI 0.56–1.56 0.44–2.68 0.91–1.84 P value§ 0.80 0.86 0.157 Abbreviations: cet, cetuximab; HR, hazard ratio; mt, mutant; *RAS evaluable population, N=118; †Subset of the OPUS KRAS evaluable population, N=315; ‡Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel; §log-rank.
A Safe and Sane Fourth
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Septic Abortion
Authors: John W. Huffman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This monograph recognizes that the critically ill patient with a septic abortion is a major challenge to the attending physician, the house staff, and nursing service. Failure to appreciate the problem in a specific case, or to understand the pathophysiologic processes involved, with resulting delay in treatment or inappropriate therapy, can be lethal for the patient. For this reason the author has appropriately emphasized the early diagnosis and aggressive management of septic abortion. There are, in addition to chapters on the diagnosis and management of cases of infected abortion, separate ones on endotoxin shock, anerobic uterine infections, pelvic thrombophlebitis, and acute renal failure. Each subject is approached from the viewpoint of the clinician. Twenty-nine of the book's 147 pages are used to discuss the pathology of septic abortion. While Dr. Czernobilsky, who wrote this chapter, has done a commendable job, it seems unnecessary to repeat a considerable amount of material
How safe is the food we eat?
Authors: H. L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, three useful studies are presented that demonstrate the potential of transmission of bacterial enteropathogens through food vehicles destined for public consumption. In the first,<sup>1</sup>an impressive number of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>outbreaks were reported to be associated with drinking raw milk (the outbreaks were most common among young children during school functions). In the second,<sup>2</sup>a multistate outbreak of<i>Salmonella javiana and Salmonella oranienburg</i>was caused by contaminated cheese from a single manufacturing plant. In the third,<sup>3</sup>an extensive<i>Shigella</i>outbreak occurred as a result of consumption of contaminated cold sandwiches prepared in an airline flight kitchen and served on a commercial air carrier. The fact that the airline-associated illness involved a professional football team brought the outbreak to the attention of the health authorities. See also pp 3203, 3208, and 3228. While the reported outbreaks relate to different bacterial enteropathogens and vehicles
Foreword
Authors: Florette K. Hazard
Journal: Liver Cancer (2021)

Investigating liver tumors in children and adults is a task for the intrepid, undaunted, and naturally curious scientist. As I count myself among those who wade in these treacherous and thoroughly stimulating waters, I understand the value and rare nature of a book that successfully explores both widely established general concepts and new discoveries with ease. Liver Cancer achieves these goals, and I am delighted to be part of the effort to bring it to all of you. Liver tumors are a heterogeneous and complex mix of benign and malignant neoplasms that may arise in the setting of chronic liver injury or due to no prior insult. In children, hepatoblastoma is the most common malignant primary liver tumor and hepatocellular carcinoma is rare. In adults, however, hepatocellular carcinoma is most common and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma is vanishingly rare. Liver Cancer explores these, and the myriad of other entities in between, with a depth and precision that is highly informative and practical to the modern physician scientist. Descriptions of grossing techniques, histopathologic features, ancillary testing modalities, molecular/genetic abnormalities, imaging characteristics, treatment options, clinical signs/symptoms and surgical approaches are contemporary contributions to this exciting field. CONTINUE READING.....
Book Club
Authors: Ellen Zhang
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2021)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal