tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early-Onset and Late-Onset Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease—United States, 1996-2004
Journal: JAMA (2006)

In 2002, CDC, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued revised guidelines for prevention of perinatal invasive group B streptococcal (GBS) disease. These guidelines recommend universal screening of pregnant women for rectovaginal GBS colonization at 35-37 weeks' gestation and administering intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis to carriers. To assess the impact of the guidelines on multistate trends in neonatal GBS disease incidence, CDC analyzed data from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) system from 1996-2004. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which determined that incidence of GBS disease in infants aged 0-6 days (i.e., early-onset disease) in 2004 had decreased by 31% from 2000-2001, the period immediately before universal screening was implemented. Incidence of GBS disease in infants aged 7-89 days (i.e., late-onset disease) remained unchanged during the 9-year period reviewed. Continued monitoring is needed to assess the impact of the 2002 guidelines on early-onset disease and the long-term effect of widespread intrapartum use of antimicrobial agents on neonatal GBS disease.
A Text-Book of Pathology.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estriol: Forecasting Fetal Survival
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consultants for
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Developing a Marker of Exposure to Xenoestrogen Mixtures in Human Serum
Authors: Ana M. Soto, Mariana F. Fernandez, Maria F. Luizzi, Anita S. Oles Karasko, Carlos Sonnenschein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

It has been hypothesized that environmental estrogens may play a role in the increasing incidence of breast cancer, testicular cancer, and other problems of the reproductive system.While a single causal agent can be identified in cases in which humans have had occupational exposures, wildlife showing signs of reproductive damage have usually been exposed to a combination of endocrine disruptors that may act cumulatively.The development of appropriate biomarkers of cumulative exposure, and their measurement at developmental points where exposure is critical, are required to test the environmental estrogen hypothesis.Measuring levels of each of the xenoestrogens in blood is a better approximation of real exposure at the target organ level than inferring cumulative exposure by estimating from mass balance of dietary levels.However, the cumulative estrogenicity of mixtures cannot be directly concluded from individual xenoestrogen plasma levels.Two approaches may be used to assess total load: a) the development of methods to study mixtures of these xenoestrogens, to quantify their cumulative effects, and to begin to understand their interactions (i.e., additivity, synergy, antagonism, or independent action), so that plasma concentrations may be translated into units of activity such as "estradiol equivalents"; and b) the development of methods to separate xenoestrogens from ovarian estrogens in blood and to directly measure the estrogenic activity of the xenoestrogen extract using a bioassay.The cumulative activity may be used as a marker of exposure to xenoestrogens.This article reports the development of a method to extract and separate xenoestrogens from ovarian estrogens using human serum as a source, followed by using a bioassay for determination of the cumulative xenoestrogen load as "estradiol equivalents."
The National Formulary.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rhinology, Laryngology and Otology and their Significance in General Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intracranial Suppurative Disease
Authors: Herbert S. Heineman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The limiting factor in the prognosis of patients with intracranial abscess is the irreversible damage done before treatment is instituted. Six cases of documented focal intracranial infection in which abscess development was either aborted or reversed stress the feasibility of early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy without surgery. Early diagnosis is based on severe headache, with or without focal neurologic symptoms, in patients with extracranial suppurative focuses, and is confirmed by focal electroencephalographic changes. Even without bacteriologic examination of cranial contents, penicillin G potassium and tetracycline hydrochloride or chloramphenicol sodium succinate can confidently be used, unless a resistant bacterium has been identified in the blood or extracranial focus. Focal signs appearing early in treatment do not necessarily presage failure, but deterioration in level of consciousness probably indicates the need for surgical decompression. Long-term prognosis following nonsurgical treatment is good.
ACCESSORY PANCREAS.
Authors: G. F. RUEDIGER
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Anomalies in the development of the pancreas are rather rare occurrences, but when met they may be of practical importance to the clinician. <h3>TYPES OF PANCREATIC ANOMALIES.</h3> Pancreatic anomalies are divided usually into five types: 1. One of the commonest types embraces the abnormalities of the excretory duct, of which Sappey<sup>1</sup>describes the following five varieties: (<i>a</i>) The accessory duct of Santorini may be entirely absent, (<i>b</i>) The duct of Santorini sometimes is the main excretory duct and the duct of Wirsung the smaller accessory duct. (<i>c</i>) The duct of Wirsung occasionally does not pass through the ampulla of Vater, in common With the ductus choledochus, but empties into the duodenum independently, (<i>d</i>) Very rarely there are two excretory ducts of about equal size. They run parallel to each other through the entire length of the gland and, at the level where the accessory duct usually joins the
Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 9909: Selenium Supplementation Rescues Cardiac Function in Patients With Severe Heart Failure Who are Intractable to Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors and β-blockers
Authors: Yuji Hiraoka, Masato Tanabe, Taketoshi Yamazaki, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Increases in oxidative stress may be involved in the progression of heart diseases. Selenium (Se) is an integral part of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), one of the central players of the heart’s antioxidant system. This study evaluated Se supplementation in patients with severe heart failure who were intractable to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors and β-blockers. Methods: In order to confirm the activation of myocardial oxidative stress and the local deficiency of GSHPx, we examined immunohistochemical staining of endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained from 24 dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients and analyzed serum Se concentrations and GSHPx activities. We enrolled patients who had shown no functional improvements after RAS inhibitors and β -blockers (n = 11). The patients were supplied with 25 μg of Se chloride twice per day while their other medications remained unchanged. Results: Compared with patients with normal ventricular function (n = 30), the serum Se concentrations and GSHPx activities from the patients with DCM (n = 24) were decreased by 55% (0.167 μg/ml vs 0.076 μg/ml, p &lt; 0.01), and by 33% (328 μmol/min/L vs 221 μmol/min/L, p &lt; 0.01), respectively. Myocardial biopsy from DCM patients, but not control patients, uniformly showed marked reduction of GSHPx stains (24/24 vs 0/3, respectively) that was accompanied by positive staining for both 4-hydroxy-2nonenal (20/24 vs 1/3) and 8-hydroxy-2`-deoxyguanosine (16/24 vs 0/3). Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased from 26% ± 8% to 34% ± 8%, 37% ± 12%, and 38% ± 11% at the 3-month follow-up, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up, respectively, and then maintained thereafter. Conclusions: Our study suggests that myocardial oxidative stress in chronic heart failure may be augmented at least in part by concomitant GSHPx deficiency, and that the administration of Se could rescue the exhaustion of this selenoprotein, resulting in improved LV function.
Radiation-induced gut damage: identifying 'at risk' patients with an 'electronic nose' (E-NOSE)
Authors: R. Arasaradnam, N. Ouaret, M. Joseph, C. Nwokolo, L. Wedlake, J. Andreyev, K. Bardhan, J. Covington
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Almost all patients undergoing radical pelvic radiotherapy develop bowel symptoms during treatment and half go on to develop chronic bowel symptoms. Acute histological damage, due to the radiation, is at its worst at 2 weeks and then improves; subsequent chronic damage then is sustained over many years. We investigated if changes in gastrointestinal symptoms during radiotherapy correlated with alterations in colonic microbial balance, reflected by changes in the gases released when undigested fibre is fermented. Two hypotheses were investigated in this pilot study: (1) Irradiation alter the microbial flora, reflected by changes in the fermentation profile. (2) An individual9s susceptibility to damage may be recognised by their ‘fermentation signature9. <h3>Methods</h3> Two groups were selected from patients undergoing pelvic radiotherapy for malignancy: those ‘hardly affected’ and ‘severely affected’. All completed a validated Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire Bowel subset score (IBDQ-B) which was recorded before irradiation and at 4 weeks. Scores : 10–70; 70=‘normal’ (no symptoms). Faecal samples were collected at these times and immediately frozen at −20°C until analysis. Faecal samples were heated to 38 ± 0.1°C and the headspace (the air above the sample) analysed using a modified FOX 2000 series E-nose. This uses an array of 14 chemical sensors which are either broadly tuned to a chemical groups or to specific gases. Data analysis was by: (1) Principal Component Analysis (PCA): all data are analysed together without prior categorisation, and results displayed as clusters of individuals with shared features. (2) Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA): samples are pre-categorised (clinical groups) and the system searches for additional features to enhance categorisation. <h3>Results</h3> Mean IBDQ-B score (± SD). All patients before radiotherapy had little or no symptoms but LDA showed 2 clusters with only slight overlap. One group developed severe symptoms, reflected by the fall in IBDQ-B scores. The corresponding PCA showed 2 distinct clusters without overlap. LDA: Almost all who became ‘severely affected’ arose from its corresponding baseline cluster. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This pilot study supports our hypothesis: (1) The fermentation signature tracks changes induced by pelvic irradiation. (2) It suggests those ‘at risk’ of severe radiation-induced gut damage may be identifiable before treatment.
Error in Figure 1
Authors: Clement Ren
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2020)

Inhaled Isotonic Saline for BronchiolitisTo the Editor I read with interest the meta-analysis by House et al 1 showing that inhaled isotonic saline may have a beneficial therapeutic effect in bronchiolitis.While I am glad that they included our study 2 in their analysis, I wish to point out that a novel element of our study was the use of a physiologic outcome measure to assess response to inhaled albuterol and isotonic saline, namely, respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP). 2,3We observed no significant changes in the variables assessed by House et al 1 (respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory distress assessment index).However, 30% of albuterol-treated infants and 40% of isotonic saline-treated infants demonstrated a significant decrease in the phase angle, an indication of decreased airflow obstruction following treatment.Our results provide physiologic evidence for a potential beneficial effect of inhaled isotonic saline and further support the need for research studies into the role of inhaled isotonic saline in the treatment of viral bronchiolitis.Respiratory inductance plethysmography, which does not require sedation, may be able to serve as an noninvasive objective physiologic measure for such studies.Although improvement in respiratory mechanics may not affect outcomes, such as length of stay, it is likely that an improvement in work of breathing can reduce symptoms of dyspnea and improve patient comfort, both of which are desirable treatment goals.
The Response
Authors: Samuel D. Lipton
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The author states that the injection of contrast media "produced great pain in every subject at every space." It follows that the author found there was no difference in the patients' reports between the ten instances in which there was no leak and the much larger group in which there was some leak. It also appears that neither the amount of the injection nor the amount of the leak led to any variation in the subjective response. Such a uniformity of response is suspicious and makes one think of an increment of infectious hysterical exaggeration. Without detracting from the courage of these volunteers, I believe that such a response might be evoked by the preliminary formalities ("hazards were explained" and a signed consent and waiver obtained) and the impressive procedure itself, combined with a quite unintended exploitation of their volunteer status.
Correction to: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Journal: Circulation (2020)

a correction was needed.1. On page e352, in the left column, the text under the heading "Mortality (See Chart 16-7) 2016 ICD-9 427.3;ICD-10 I48" read, "In 2016, AF was the underlying cause of death in 24 855 people and was listed on 15 816 US death certificates (any-mention mortality)."The text has been updated to read, "In 2016, AF was the underlying cause of death in 24 855 people and was listed on 154 816 US death certificates (any-mention mortality).
The Orum System of Voice Education.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE AMBULANCE SERVICE OF GENERAL HOSPITALS IN CITIES: "THE LITTLE WARD ON WHEELS."
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal