tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Planned Parenthood v Casey
Authors: Janet Benshoof
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The recent US Supreme Court decision in<i>Planned Parenthood v Casey</i>, by changing the legal standard by which restrictions on abortion are evaluated, will have a profound effect on access to reproductive health care in the United States. This article reviews the Pennsylvania antiabortion restrictions at issue in<i>Casey</i>and discusses the ways in which the new constitutional standard fundamentally weakens the legal protections previously afforded women and physicians in the 1973 case,<i>Roe v Wade</i>. While the majority opinion reaffirmed a woman's right to choose an abortion, the opinion opens the door to a multitude of new restrictive abortion laws, which diminish, and in some cases completely block, a woman's ability to exercise that right. The effect of weakened legal protection will fall most heavily on young, poor, minority, and rural women, who will be unable to overcome obstacles imposed by mandatory waiting periods, biased counseling, and parental notification requirements. The restrictions are also likely to exacerbate the shortage of physicians providing abortion services by making the procedure more costly and the providers' jobs more dangerous. Finally, the medical community can help to ensure women access to comprehensive and competent reproductive health care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2249-2257)
Experimental Studies on Arsenic Absorption Routes in Rats
Authors: Tadeusz Dutkiewicz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Pentavalent inorganic arsenic was introduced by intravenous, intratracheal, gastrointestinal, and skin application in doses 0.1 to 4.0 mg/kg in rats. Isotopic technics were applied by use of As74. It was found that the dynamics of arsenic distribution in the body as well as the kinetics of its elimination in urine and feces varies very substantially, depending on the mode of administration. Intravenous administration of As causes immediate appearance of arsenic in most tissues and a slow decrease of its concentrations in time. Similar situations could be observed with intratracheal dosing, because arsenic is very rapidly absorbed from the site of administration. Concentration in tissues increases more slowly after gastrointestinal resorption. Skin application causes first the accumulation of arsenic in the skin and next continuous, slow transport from the skin into the blood stream. The rate of skin resorption was 1.14–33.1 μg/cm2-hr for 0.01–0.2M concentrations. The red blood cell level of arsenic is very substantial and does not change with time, which indicates the accumulation of arsenic in this tissue. The elimination of arsenic occurred chiefly in urine and feces, but the urine/feces ratio changed very substantially, depending on the route of administration. The kinetics of arsenic elimination in urine was multiphasic, being three-phase in case of intravenous and intratracheal administration and two-phase after gavage and skin resorption. After intravenous administration of As, the half-times of elimination were 2.5, 10, and 690 hr, respectively. Administration of selenium salts during the slow phase increased the rate of arsenic elimination. The straight-line relations found between the absorbed dose of arsenic and its blood or urine concentrations could serve as baselines for exposure tests for humans.
MEDICINE AND POLITICS IN RUSSIA.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Empyema and Rheumatoid Pleuropulmonary Disease
Authors: FREDERICK L. JONES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1978Empyema and Rheumatoid Pleuropulmonary DiseaseFREDERICK L. JONES JR., M.D., F.A.C.P., RANDOLPH C. BLODGETT JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.FREDERICK L. JONES JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, RANDOLPH C. BLODGETT JR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-1-139_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In 1971 we reported our observations on the unusual and not previously emphasized association of empyema and rheumatoid pleuropulmonary disease (Ann Intern Med74:665-671, 1971). In that article we noted that of 10 persons with rheumatoid pleural effusions seen during a 5-year period, five had developed empyema and one had died of this complication. In contrast, no patient with neoplastic effusion or hydrothorax seen during this period had empyema. We speculated that causative factors which may have acted singly or in combination in the development of empyema included steroid therapy, decreased resistance to infection, chronic bronchopulmonary infections,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FREDERICK L. JONESJR., M.D., F.A.C.P.; RANDOLPH C. BLODGETTJR., M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Geisinger Medical Center Danville, PA 17821 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLung DecorticationThe lung in rheumatoid arthritisPulmonary Manifestations of Rheumatoid ArthritisCase 44-1994Pleuropulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis 1 July 1978Volume 89, Issue 1 Page: 139-140 Keywords Hydrothorax Pleural effusion Steroid therapy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Erratum: “Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa”
Authors: Brenda Eskenazi, Sookee An, Stephen A. Rauch, Eric S. Coker, Angelina Maphula, Muvhulawa Obida, Madelein Crause, Katherine R. Kogut, Riana Bornman, Jonathan Chevrier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2018)
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Authors: William B. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Xeroderma pigmentosum is characterized by sunlight sensitivity, multiple cutaneous malignancies, and autosomal recessive inheritance. Some patients also demonstrate neurological manifestations, ie, mental deficiency, microcephaly, ataxia, choreoathetosis, and deafness. Five patients were studied, four with neurological disease, one of whom also had lymphatic leukemia. Autopsy of one patient disclosed cerebral and olivopontocerebellar atrophy. There was nuclear atypia of pancreatic islet cells and liver cells similar to that seen in ataxia-telangiectasia. Normal skin fibroblasts can repair ultraviolet radiation damage to deoxyribonucleic acid by inserting new bases into DNA in the form of small patches. However, cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum carry a mutation such that repair replication of DNA is either absent or greatly reduced in comparison to normal fibroblasts. The failure of DNA repair in the skin may be related to carcinogenesis which occurs in sun-exposed areas of the skin.
American Cancer Society National Conference on Gynecologic Cancer—1986
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

American Cancer Society National Conference on Gynecologic Cancer—1986 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 76, Issue 4, April 1986, Page 780, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/76.4.780-c Published: 01 April 1986
Quarterly Journal of Medicine, Oxford
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Isabella Brant
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outbreaks of Gastrointestinal Illness of Unknown Etiology Associated With Eating Burritos—United States, October 1997-October 1998
Journal: JAMA (1999)

October 1998, 16 outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness associated with eating burritos occurred in Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania.All but one outbreak occurred in schools, and most of the approximately 1700 persons affected were children.This report summarizes investigations of two of these outbreaks and describes the collaborative efforts of CDC, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify the etiologic agent(s); these outbreaks may have been caused by an undetected toxin or a new agent not previously associated with illness. GeorgiaOn March 23, 1998, the Hall County Health Department received a report that students in an elementary school became ill after eating lunch.Health officials obtained food and illness histories from 452 (77%) of the 584 students.A case was defined as nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, or diarrhea within 24 hours in a person after eating the school lunch on March 23.Of the 452 students, 155 (34%) had illnesses meeting the case definition.Symptoms most commonly reported were nausea (89%), headache (65%), abdominal cramps (53%), vomiting (29%), and diarrhea
Prophylactic Surgery Recommended for <i>BRCA1</i> Carriers
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2014)

Abstract Prophylactic surgery to remove the ovaries significantly lowers the risk of ovarian and breast cancers, as well as all-cause mortality, in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Surgery by age 35 should be recommended for women with BRCA1 mutations, a recent study concludes.
Objective response rate and progression-free survival as surrogate endpoints for overall survival and the impact of crossover and unbalanced post-progression treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis in first-line therapy of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Boris Pfeiffer, Mahmoud Hashim, Monica Duran, Maarten Postma, Bart Heeg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

9049 Background: Correlations between overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR) or progression-free survival (PFS) are poor. We aimed to evaluate the impact of crossover and unbalanced subsequent treatments on ORR and PFS as surrogate endpoints for OS in patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first-line therapy. Methods: A systematic literature review of randomized clinical trials of systemic treatment for patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC receiving first-line therapy was performed. Weighted (by trial size) linear regression models were fitted with the absolute difference in ORR or median PFS as an independent variable and the absolute difference in median OS as a dependent variable. The analysis was repeated in predefined subsets based on crossover and balance of post-progression therapies. Surrogate threshold effect (STE) was estimated using prediction intervals. Results: 317 trials (78,644 patients) fulfilled the eligibility criteria. In all treatment arms, the mean ORR, median PFS, and median OS were 28.2% (standard deviation (SD) = 12.4%), 5.1 months (SD = 2.1), and 10.4 months (SD = 2.5), respectively. ORR and PFS had weak (R = 0.351; 95% CI: 0.251-0.443) and (R = 0.397; 95% CI: 0.267-0.512) associations with OS, respectively. However, within phase III trials that did not allow crossover and reported balanced post-progression treatments, both ORR and PFS had stronger associations with OS (ORR and OS: R = 0.601, 95% CI: 0.399-0.747; PFS and OS: R = 0.695, 95% CI: 0.446-0.844). STE estimation indicated that trials that show statistically significant treatment effect size of ≥43% ORR or ≥3.2 median PFS months can be expected to show significant OS benefit with sufficient certainty. Conclusions: Surrogacy of ORR and PFS for OS might be better estimated in trials that do not allow crossover and report balanced post-progression treatments. Presented STE calculation can be used to estimate the expected effect on OS when either ORR or PFS are used as primary endpoints.
Croonian Lectures on the Localisation of Disease
Authors: E. H. Sieveking
Journal: BMJ (1866)

LECTURE III.(Continued.)t rERMIT me to recur to some of the individual dis-b eases to which I have already ventured to draw your if attention.With regard to none, probably, have a more authoritative opinions been expressed, or more t absolute rules of treatment laid down, than with re-c gard to pneumonia.With regard to none have X ancient doctrines, or rather the doctrines of our youth, received a more severe shock, than with regard to the a one in question.
Propoxyphene Dependence
Authors: Carlos H. Salguero
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Almost no data that propoxyphene hydrochloride can produce drug dependence in man are available. Elson and Domino<sup>1</sup>reported a case in which a patient had a predominant psychic dependence to propoxyphene although he showed some evidence of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Claghorn and Schoolar<sup>2</sup>reported three cases of propoxyphene abuse of which two were in narcotic addicts. We report our experience with another patient showing propoxyphene dependence. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 20-year-old male, the eldest of three siblings, had Banti's syndrome in infancy for which a splenectomy was performed at 9 months of age. Subsequently the patient underwent partial resection of the stomach, a portacaval shunt, and a mesentericocaval shunt, the last procedure in 1963, for which propoxyphene was given for relief of pain. The patient was overprotected by his parents from a very early age and also by the hospital which had become
Paediatricians meet to tackle child abuse in former Soviet bloc
Journal: BMJ (2002)

found that only 49% of patients were treated correctly, and that there was no improvement over three months despite instruction and reminders.However, when triage nurses became involved 80% of patients were treated correctly. 3Another study showed that 23% of patients were incorrectly treated in emergency rooms, with those in the highest risk group being the least likely to receive correct treatment for tetanus. 7 Elsewhere, less than 10% of patients referred for plastic surgery were correctly questioned about their tetanus immunisation status. 8 Adverse reactions to adsorbed tetanus vaccine occur in less than 1% of patients; most commonly these are local reactions such as pain, redness, and swelling. 9General reactions, including lethargy, malaise, myalgia, and pyrexia, are less common. 1 Anaphylaxis is rare.On the basis of the low adverse reaction rate and noticeable benefit, resources are already allocated to the national immunisation programme.As immunity in the community improves the use of tetanus immunoglobulin will decrease and will be required only for highly contaminated wounds.This case shows how the omission of the smallest detail can have a fatal outcome.Complete management of an injured patient includes a full history of tetanus immunisation and adherence to the Department of Health's immunoprophylaxis protocol.
Training of oncologists: Results of a global survey.
Authors: Divyanshi Jalan, Fidel Rubagumya, Wilma M. Hopman, Verna D. Vanderpuye, Gilberto Lopes, Bostjan Seruga, Christopher M. Booth, Scott R. Berry, Nazik Hammad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

10526 Background: While several studies have highlighted the global shortages of oncologists and their workload, few have studied the characteristics of current oncology training. Methods: An online survey was distributed through a snowball method via national oncology societies and a pre-existing network of contacts to cancer care providing physicians in 57 countries. Countries were classified into low- or lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), upper-middle-income countries (UMICs), and high-income countries (HICs) based on World Bank criteria. Results: 273 physicians who trained in 57 different countries responded to the survey; 33% (90/273), 32% (87/273), and 35% (96/273) in LMICs, UMICs and HICs respectively. 60% of respondents were practicing physicians and 40% were in training. The proportion of trainees was higher in LMICs (51%; 45/89) and UMICs (42%; 37/84), than HICs (19%; 28/96; P = 0.013). A higher proportion of respondents from LMICs (37%; 27/73) self-fund their core oncology training compared to UMICs (13%; 10/77) and HICs (11%; 10/89; P &lt; 0.001). Respondents from HICs were more likely to complete an accepted abstract, poster and publication from their research activities compared to respondents from UMICs and LMICs (abstract: 37/72 (51%) from HICs, 18/66 (27%) from UMICs, 24/65 (37%) from LMICs, P = 0.014; poster: (42/72 (58%) from HICs, 28/66 (42%) from UMICs, 13/65 (20%) from LMICs, P &lt; 0.001; publication: 43/72 (60%) from HICs, 32/66 (49%) from UMICs, 24/65 (37%) from LMICs, P = 0.029). Respondents identified several barriers to effective training including skewed service to education ratio and burnout. With regards to preparedness for practice, mean scores on a 5-point Likert scale were low for professional tasks like supervision and mentoring of trainees, leadership and effective management of an oncology practice, and understanding of healthcare systems irrespective of country grouping. Conclusions: Investment in training by the public sector would be vital to decreasing the prevalence of self-funding in LMIC. Gaps in research training and enhancement of competencies in research dissemination in LMIC require attention. Instruction on cancer care systems and leadership need to be incorporated in training curricula in both LMICs and HICs.
Mucocutaneous candidiasis or mucocutaneous microbiosis?
Authors: R. R. Chappler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CHRONIC mucocutaneous candidiasis is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic oral candidiasis (thrush), cutaneous candidiasis, and candidal nail involvement. Endocrine abnormalities are common. The syndrome may be familial or sporadic with onset in infancy or in adulthood.<sup>1</sup> The case described represents a generally unappreciated variation in the syndrome—dermatophyte infection of the skin. Recognition of this variant has a considerable clinical relevance. This subgenus of the syndrome also suggests a different pathogenetic process than that presumed involved in chronic candidiasis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 15-year-old boy has had lesions of the left eyelid, mouth, fingernails, and toenails since shortly after birth. The working diagnosis was candidiasis. Topically applied agents including tolnaftate, nystatin, and haloprogin had been given extensive trial with no benefit. Transfer factor equivalent to 1 × 108 cells was given four times with no clinical improvement. No family history of skin disease was elicited. Physical examination at
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 7(7) July 2010
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

In our Editorial this month the PLoS Medicine editors argue that the time has come to integrate prevention and treatment of HIV into maternal and child health care programs. A recent analysis of maternal deaths worldwide cited in the Editorial revealed that without the HIV epidemic there would have been an estimated 61,400 fewer maternal deaths in 2008. Although tackling HIV is a priority within the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), it is not specifically included in the MDGs for reducing child mortality and improving maternal health. A more integrated approach is needed, say the editors, recognizing maternal and child health and HIV as concurrent crises. The Editorial concludes that "the time has come to stop tackling infectious diseases, specifically HIV, in isolation from other health goals, and instead to examine the opportunities for integrating and scaling up delivery of HIV prevention and treatment services within the context of maternal and child health care." Image Credit: Narith5 at flickr.com
REACTIONS AMONG MENTAL HEALERS AND FAITH CURISTS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal