tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exogenous progestogen and estrogen implicated in birth defects
Authors: J. J. Nora
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A five-year study of the possible teratogenicity of exogenous female sex hormones included three case-control studies and one cohort study. The first case-control study disclosed an estimated relative risk of 8.41 and a highly significant difference in maternal hormonal exposure (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) between controls and infants with three major anomalies of the VACTERL group (V, vertebral; A, anal; C, cardiac; T, tracheal; E, esophageal; R, renal; and L, limb). Relative risk (RR) estimates of 5.58 (<i>P</i>=.017) and 3.35 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) were found in two case-control studies involving maternal hormonal exposure and patients with congenital heart lesions without other malformations. A controlled, single-blind prospective study disclosed an excess of patients with major malformations (RR=2.75), congenital heart anomalies (RR=6), and neurological and neural tube disorders preponderant in the presence of a precipitously declining exposure rate during a three-year period in our referral area. (<i>JAMA</i>240:837-843, 1978)
Survey Says Patients Expect Little Physician Help on Sex
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plastic Surgery: An Introduction for Nurses
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
J Air Pollut Control Assoc, Pittsburgh
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CLINICAL NOTES ON CHOLERA
Authors: W. L. Lindsay
Journal: BMJ (1854)

o~~xokWAi ~~mIU1IICA~~-1'1 I*I._ mbo notonly useless butenious"sc the invmiable d et of q nine ierto pce i ountries hi.beOfe congregation and confi t of the sick and of those who, thouh not ully sick, re sus td to have in them te seds of dises requng onlV a few days or hours for their development,-the congregtion and con- finement of such persons in a limited space, often in a filthy ip and an unhealthy locality, and always under circum- stances calculated to excite apprehension and ala'm,con- ditions in the highest degree favourable to the generation and pread of disease: it follows that quantine, instead of gUaDng against and preventing disease, fosters and con- trate it an places it under conions the most favour- able that can be devised for its general ex,tension; and therefore must not only fail to accomplish its object, but tend to produce the very calamity which it endeavours to prevent." (p. 61.)Now this descrption of the practice of quarantine "in all countries," after having visited the principal European lazarettos in the Mediterranean, I do not hesitate to state, is totally and entirely contrary to the truth.In no laza- zetto for many yean past have patients been congregated -or confined i'n a limited space.On the contray, all s- -picious cases of sickness weich occur on board ship are re- moved on shore, are placed in separate and well-ventilated wooms9 and attendants are placed there with them.This is the invaiable custom; and therefore the conclusion that quartine fosters and concentrates diseae is unfounded and untrue.I have been on three separate occaso in charge of small-pox patients in a lazaretto, for periods ranging from sixteen to twenty-one days.In every case the patients were removed from the ships as soon as they arrived, they were sent on shore to separate and well-ventilated rooms, and I, with nurses, was kept with them in quarantine until all danger of propagating the disease had ,passed off.Now, can any reasonable being doubt that in 'this way small-pox was prevented from spreading among 'other men on board the sps; or that if these precautions had not been taken, the seamen, and through them the whole neighbourhood might have suffered severely for a long penod?The ill effects of the neglect of these precautions was most strongly enced in 1830, when the small-pox was distinctly proved to have spread from the Naval Hospital at Malta to the home of the person who washed the patient's linen, and then over the greater part of the island.It ex- tended itself rapidly, and did not cease until the following
The value of mammography screening in women under age 50 years
Authors: D. M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Two quantitative methods, Confidence Profiles and CAN*TROL, are used to analyze evidence and estimate the health and economic consequences of adding annual mammography to annual breast physical examinations in asymptomatic women aged 40 to 49 years who are at average risk for breast cancer. Such women have about a 128 in 10 000 chance of having breast cancer in the next ten years and about an 82 in 10 000 chance of dying of such a cancer. Adding annual mammograms to annual breast physical examinations each year during that age decade would reduce the probability of death to about 60 in 10 000, a reduction of about 26%. Screening would increase the expected lifetime of a woman destined to get breast cancer between ages 40 and 49 years by about 3.5 years. Ten years of screening with mammography in that age decade carries a risk of radiation-induced cancer of about one in 25 000 and a risk of a surgery recommendation for a lesion that is not cancer of about one in ten. If 25% of the women in this age group in the United States were screened every year, breast cancer mortality in the year 2000 would be decreased by about 373 deaths. In 1984 dollars, the cost of screening, workups, and continuing care in the year 2000 would be about $408 million. Treatment costs would be decreased by about $6 million, leaving a net increase in costs in the year 2000 of approximately $402 million (1984 dollars). (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:1512-1519)
Publication of Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health
Journal: JAMA (2000)

SICKLE CELL DISEASE (SCD) IS A COMmon single-gene disorder that affects three of every 1000 black newborns and approximately 50,000 persons in the United States. 1 Children affected with SCD are at increased risk for severe morbidity (e.g., severe hemolytic anemia, splenic dysfunction, pain crises, and bacterial infections) and mortality, especially during the first 3 years of life. 1,2In 1993, California, Illinois, and New York collectively accounted for approximately 20% of all births to blacks.All three states offer universal newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies.To assess the effectiveness of newborn screening programs for SCD and for receipt of and compliance with early medical interventions (e.g., penicillin prophylaxis and pneumococcal vaccination and other vaccination patterns), a 3-year collaborative follow-up study was conducted from 1995 through 1998 in California, Illinois, and New York. 3This report summarizes the results of this study, which demonstrate the difficulty in retrospectively finding children who were screened at birth so that data for evaluating program effectiveness can be assessed.The study comprised children born in 1992 and 1993 and in whom SCD was diagnosed during 1992-1993.Follow-up information about these children was ascertained through complementary surveys administered to parents and physicians of affected children.State health departments administered physician surveys, which were mailed to the child's last known provider.Parental sur-veys were administered by Battelle/ Survey Research Associates, Inc., which conducted telephone interviews and, along with the respective health departments, made repeated attempts to locate the children.During 1992-1993, SCD was diagnosed in 1042 children in California (265 cases), Illinois (254), and New York (523).Fourteen children (six in California, three in Illinois, and five in New York) died before the study began.Completed physician surveys were returned for 752 (72%) of the children (144 in California, 254 in Illinois, and 354 in New York).Parental surveys were completed for 252 (24%) children (87 in California, 52 in Illinois, and 113 in New York).When data from both surveys were merged, physician and parental surveys were completed for 184 (18%) children.Among physician respondents, 575 (76%) reported providing antibiotic (penicillin) prophylaxis to their SCD patients; 253 (44%) patients complied with the prophylaxis antibiotic regimen.One hundred eighty-nine (25%) patients received pneumococcal vaccine, and 179 (24%) received at least the first dose of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib).
ON GOING FANTEE.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of amikacin sulfate (Amikin). A new aminoglycoside antibiotic
Authors: D. O. Schiffman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Amikacin sulfate, the first semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic introduced in this country, is resistant to the bacterial enzymes that specifically inactivate kanamycin sulfate, gentamicin sulfate, and tobramycin sulfate. This agent is potentially effective, therefore, against many serious infections caused by Gram-negative organisms resistant to other aminoglycosides. It appears to be similar to gentamicin in its in vitro spectrum, in clinical applications, and in the incidence and severity of adverse reactions reported. Like the other drugs in this class, amikacin can cause renal and otic toxic reactions. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1547-1550, 1977)
Malignant Tumors of the Testis: Follow-up Studies on Cases Collected Over 20 Years
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HISTOPLASMOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cervical Cancer
Authors: Benjamin E. Greer, Wui-Jin Koh, Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Sachin M. Apte, Susana M. Campos, John Chan, Kathleen R. Cho, Larry Copeland, Marta Ann Crispens, Nefertiti DuPont, Patricia J. Eifel, David K. Gaffney, Warner K. Huh, Daniel S. Kapp, John R. Lurain, Lainie Martin, Mark A. Morgan, Robert J. Morgan, David Mutch, Steven W. Remmenga, R. Kevin Reynolds, William Small, Nelson Teng, Fidel A. Valea
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)

An estimated 12,200 new cases of cervical cancer will be diagnosed in the United States in 2010, and 4200 people will die of the disease. 1 Cervical cancer rates are decreasing among women in the United States, although incidence remains high among Hispanic/Latino, black, and Asian women. 2-5However, cervical cancer is a major world health problem for women.The global yearly incidence of cervical cancer for 2002 was 493,200; the annual death rate was 273,500.It is the third most common cancer in women worldwide, 6,7 with 78% of cases occurring in developing countries, where cervical cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death in women.Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is regarded as the most important factor con-
Public Health Reports, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exposure to Agent Orange and Occurrence of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas or Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: An Ongoing Study in Vietnam
Authors: Eva Kramarova, Manolis Kogevinas, Cung Thuyet Anh, Hoang Dinh Cau, Le Cao Dai, Steven D. Stellman, D. Maxwell Parkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Agent Orange was the most common herbicide used in the Second Indochina War in the course of military operations in the former South Vietnam.Agent Orange is contaminated by the carcinogen 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD) in mean concentrations of 2 mg/kg.After much dispute of a causal association between exposure to herbicides containing TCDD and occurrence of soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, two simultaneous case-control studies were set up in Vietnam to examine possible relationships.Subject recruitment is ongoing, with target numbers of 150 cases of soft-tissue sarcoma and 150 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and diagnoses at the Cancer Center at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Two hospital controls are matched to each case.As in other studies of cancer in persons occupationally or otherwise exposed to herbicides and their contaminants, evaluation of past exposure of the recruited subjects is among the most complicated issues.Because accurate records are usually unavailable, surrogate measures of likely exposure are often calculated.As a first approach in our studies we used the Stellman and Stellman exposure index.The index is based on matching subjects' history of residence and the information on times and locations of Agent Orange spraying recorded on HERBS tape by the U.S. Army and taking into account the distance from the spraying as well as environmental and biologic half-life of TCDD.The exposure index is calculated in two centers, New York and Hanoi, with slightly different assumptions.In addition, samples of body tissues from the subjects (20 ml blood, 2 g adipose tissue, and tumor sections in paraffin blocks) are taken and stored.Their future analysis will provide additional source of exposure assessment.Strengths and weaknesses of both exposure measures are discussed in this paper.
MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: principal results. Medical Research Council Working Party.
Authors: Stanley Peart, G Barnes, G Broughton, K Dollery, M Green, T Meade, W Miall, Dr Greenberg, G Rose, M Adler, P Brennan, E Coles, G Greenberg, M Hamilton, J Heady, E Raftery, S Thompson, Tunstall Pedoe, Richard Doll, J Fry, Raymond Hoffenberg, J Ledingham, C Browne, J Wilderspin, Mrs Fisher, S Collins, P Denness, Mrs Duquesne, V Egan, J Farnham, Mrs Fuller, Mrs Hamnett, M Jenkins, M Mccann, M Morris, S Richards, Y Sinha
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The main aim of the trial was to determine whether drug treatment of mild hypertension (phase V diastolic pressure 90-109 mm Hg) reduced the rates of stroke, of death due to hypertension, and of coronary events in men and women aged 35-64 years. Subsidiary aims were: to compare the course of blood pressure in two groups, one taking bendrofluazide and one taking propranolol, and to compare the incidence of suspected adverse reactions to these two drugs. The study was single blind and based almost entirely in general practices; 17 354 patients were recruited, and 85 572 patient years of observation have accrued. Patients were randomly allocated at entry to take bendrofluazide or propranolol or placebo tablets. The primary results were as follows. The stroke rate was reduced on active treatment: 60 strokes occurred in the treated group and 109 in the placebo group, giving rates of 1.4 and 2.6 per 1000 patient years of observation respectively (p less than 0.01 on sequential analysis). Treatment made no difference, however, to the overall rates of coronary events: 222 events occurred on active treatment and 234 in the placebo group (5.2 and 5.5 per 1000 patient years respectively). The incidence of all cardiovascular events was reduced on active treatment: 286 events occurred in the treated group and 352 in the placebo group, giving rates of 6.7 and 8.2 per 1000 patient years respectively (p less than 0.05 on sequential analysis). For mortality from all causes treatment made no difference to the rates. There were 248 deaths in the treated group and 253 in the placebo group (rates 5.8 and 5.9 per 1000 patient years respectively). Several post hoc analyses of subgroup results were also performed but they require very cautious interpretation. The all cause mortality was reduced in men on active treatment (157 deaths versus 181 in the placebo group; 7.1 and 8.2 per 1000 patient years respectively) but increased in women on active treatment (91 deaths versus 72; 4.4 and 3.5 per 1000 patient years respectively). The difference between the sexes in their response to treatment was significant (p = 0.05). Comparison of the two active drugs showed that the reduction in stroke rate on bendrofluazide was greater than that on propranolol (p = 0.002). The stroke rate was reduced in both smokers and non-smokers taking bendrofluazide but only in non-smokers taking propranolol. This difference between the responses to the two drugs was significant (p = 0.03).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)