tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: A guide into chaos: resist it
Authors: J. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

TANDEM articles in the November 1973 issue of the<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>illustrate again the common occurrence in which a drug marketed for one purpose is found useful for another. Porter et al<sup>1</sup>reported the successful use of levodopa (Laradopa) as a test for growth hormone deficiency in children, a procedure that avoids the dangers of the more commonly used insulin tolerance test. Raiti et al<sup>2</sup>not only confirmed that oxandrolone (Anavar) is effective in stimulating growth in pituitary insufficiency, but demonstrated that combination treatment with that drug and human growth hormone sometimes is better than using either drug alone. The role of medical journals in bringing therapeutic advances to the attention of the profession tends to make moot the question of whether parallel recommendations are present in drug manufacturers' labeling (package inserts) and other advertising. In fact, as new information accumulates on marketed drugs,
"Suramin, an Active Drug for Prostate Cancer: Interim Observations in a Phase I Trial, "
Authors: M. A. Eisenberger, L. M. Reyno, D. I. Jodrell
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

The authors wish to correct Table 8. Eisenberger writes: In the original publication, we reported our preliminary findings from a phase I study using a pharmacologically guided regimen with suramin. In Table 8 of that report, the toxic effects described for one of the studies were erroneous. The error involves the report by Myers et al. ( l ) in which the numbers expressing the incidence of grade 3 and 4 toxic effects are percentages and not actual numbers, as we reported. In the corrected Table 8, all numbers represent percentages. “ While Table 8 notes the toxic effects of the three studies described, the reader should, in fact, be very cautious with regard to comparisons because of fundamental differences in study design. The study reported by Stein et al. (2) was a phase I trial, while Myers et al. ( l ) reported on a phase II trial using a pharmacologic end point (suramin plasma concentrations of 300 μg/mL). Our study was a phase I trial using welldefined and traditional clinical end points of dose-limiting toxicity or progression of disease. Thus, comparison of the incidence of toxic effects among these three studies may be flawed by the major differences in study design. The corrected Table 8 describes some of the similarities in the spectrum of toxicity in all three studies and suggests some possible qualitative differences, such as renal, coagulation, and ophthalmologic toxic effects. We cannot conclude from this table that one schedule is safer than another. We subsequently conducted a phase II trial with a pharmacologically based fixed schedule designed to maintain suramin plasma concentrations between 150 and 250 μg/mL for a period of 78 days, essentially in the same manner as in cohort 2 of our original report [see also reference ( 3 )], except that dose-limiting toxicity was not an end point. While toxic effects were qualitatively similar to those encountered in the patients treated at the same target plasma concentrations in our initial pharmacologically guided phase I trial, the incidence of grade 3 and 4 toxic effects was relatively low. We regret the error in our initial publication and wish to apologize to Myers et al. for the unintentional misrepresentation.”
Laboratory Text in Pharmacology
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early insults to the injured brain
Authors: J. D. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Of 100 consecutive patients with severe head injury who arrived at a major trauma center, half of whom came direct from the accident site and half from another hospital, potentially serious systemic insults to the brain were present in 44 cases. Arterial hypotension (13 cases), anemia (12 cases), and hypercarbia (4 cases) were almost exclusively associated with multiple injuries, which were present in 57 patients and were caused usually by vehicular accidents. Hypoxia was seen in 30 patients, including several with brain injury alone. These systemic insults to the already injured brain were associated with an increase in mortality and morbidity. We believe that direct transfer to a trauma center that has full-time neurosurgical facilities for victims of automobile accidents and patients who have been rendered unconscious by a fall or blow on the head will increase survival. Care for the patient with head injuries should start at the roadside. (<i>JAMA</i>240:439-442, 1978)
GENEVA
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>Fats in Diet of the Tuberculous</h3> At the recent meeting of the National Antituberculosis Congress, Dr. Jaquerod of Leysin presented a paper on "The Importance of Fats in the Feeding of Tuberculosis Patients." A tuberculous subject fed essentially on farinaceous and carbohydrate foods may fatten, without offering any resistance to tuberculosis, while a patient who absorbs and well supports a diet rich in albumin—especially a meat diet—although he does not fatten much, will develop greater resistance and recover more easily. Resistance to tuberculosis, conferred by alimentation, is consequently not a function of obesity. Yet the intake of fat is of the highest importance in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. The absorption of fatty bodies allows the latter to arrive directly in contact with the pulmonary tissues before any assimilation or utilization by the rest of the organism has taken place. Peptone and the carbohydrates are absorbed by the veins and
Medical Jurisprudence
Authors: Burton A. Russman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Jurisprudence is the science of law, that is, its function is to ascertain the principles on which legal rules are based. Medical jurisprudence applies the principles and practice of the different branches of medicine to elucidating doubtful questions in a court of justice. The authors, both professors of law at Northwestern University, have successfully tried, in a single volume, to show physicians how the law affects them in their practice of medicine. Divided logically into three parts and liberally footnoted, this book comprehensively defines the responsibilities and the rights of the physician under the law. In part 1, "The Physician and the Civil Law," the adversary system so foreign to the medical mind is dissected, examined, labeled, and reconstructed. The extremely pressing problem of "what is an informed consent?" is carefully explained. The chapter on liability for acts of others will become increasingly meaningful as "physician's aids" become more common.
Disulfiram-alcohol skin reaction to beer-containing shampoo
Authors: D. Stoll
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent COMMENTARY by Alan Blum, MD (243:739, 1980), "Medicine vs Madison Avenue," gave some enlightening perspective to the problem of the marketing of the number one preventable cause of human cancer. Because they are so dependent on the income from cigarette advertisements, many popular magazines downplay the impact tobacco has on health. Having reviewed a number of major women's magazines, I have not found one important story on tobacco and health. I have had a great deal of personal experience with the problem of editorial suppression of tobacco stories. For example, recently a widely read woman's beauty and fashion magazine asked me to write an article entitled "Protect Your Man From Cancer." I prepared it and by necessity emphasized the contribution of tobacco to cancer of the lung, prostate, oral cavity, and other sites. I was paid in full for the piece, but the editor frankly
Contents
Authors: Jack Stringham, Liliana Werner, Bryan Monson, Raymond Theodosis, Nick Mamalis, Bharti Nihalani, Deborah Vanderveen, Sasapin Prakalapakorn, Sonja Rasmussen, Scott Lambert, Margaret Honein, Gerald Schmidinger, Birgit Lackner, Stefan Pieh, Christian Skorpik, Frederick Ferris, Kellee Miller, Adam Glassman, Roy Beck, Piero Barboni, Michele Carbonelli, Giacomo Savini, Beatrice Foscarini, Vincenzo Parisi, Maria Valentino, Arturo Carta, Annamaria De Negri, Federico Sadun, Massimo Zeviani, Alfredo Sadun, Simone Schimpf, Bernd Wissinger, Valerio Carelli, Michael Klein, Peter Francis, Anne Lindblad, Emily Chew, Sara Hamon, Jurg Ott, Johanna Seddon, Gary Gensler, Bernard Rosner, Luiz Lima, Carl Schubert, Daniela Ferrara, Joanna Merriam, Yutaka Imamura, K Freund, Richard Spaide, Lawrence Yannuzzi, Rando Allikmets
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Olympic dream
Authors: Domhnall MacAuley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

<b>Objective</b> To compare routine replacement of intravenous peripheral catheters with replacement only when clinically indicated. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Tertiary hospital in Australia. <b>Participants</b> 755 medical and surgical patients: 379 allocated to catheter replacement only when clinically indicated and 376 allocated to routine care of catheter (control group). <b>Main outcome measure</b> A composite measure of catheter failure resulting from phlebitis or infiltration. <b>Results</b> Catheters were removed because of phlebitis or infiltration from 123 of 376 (33%) patients in the control group compared with 143 of 379 (38%) patients in the intervention group; the difference was not significant (relative risk 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.40). When the analysis was based on failure per 1000 device days (number of failures divided by number of days catheterised, divided by 1000), no difference could be detected between the groups (relative risk 0.98, 0.78 to 1.24). Infusion related costs were higher in the control group (mean $A41.02; £19.71; €24.80; $38.55) than intervention group ($A36.40). The rate of phlebitis in both groups was low (4% in intervention group, 3% in control group). <b>Conclusion</b> Replacing peripheral intravenous catheters when clinically indicated has no effect on the incidence of failure, based on a composite measure of phlebitis or infiltration. Larger trials are needed to test this finding using phlebitis alone as a more clinically meaningful outcome. <b>Registration number</b> Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12605000147684.
Medical Profession Could Help Improve Licensing of Drivers
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood Lead and Blood Pressure: Analysis of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data from Canada
Authors: Luciano C. Neri, David Hewitt, Blair Orser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Analysis of data collected during the Canada Health Survey of 1978-1979 indicated a positive relationship between blood lead and blood pressure, but so weak that the range of lead-related variation among members of the general public was estimated to be at most 3.0 mm Hg of diastolic pressure. Even so, a blood lead level in excess of the median value of 10 micrograms/dL entailed a 37% higher risk of having diastolic pressure above 90 mm Hg. In a longitudinal study of lead foundry workers, an association was found between short-term changes in an individual's blood lead level and contemporary changes in diastolic pressure; this remained significant after allowance for age (or time) trends and for effects attributable to changes in body weight. Short-term changes in urinary cadmium levels were similarly predictive of diastolic pressure.
Caveolae protect endothelial cells from membrane rupture during increased cardiac output
Authors: Jade P.X. Cheng, Carolina Mendoza-Topaz, Gillian Howard, Jessica Chadwick, Elena Shvets, Andrew S. Cowburn, Benjamin J. Dunmore, Alexi Crosby, Nicholas W. Morrell, Benjamin J. Nichols
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)

In this model, caveolae act as membrane convolutions that can flatten in response to forces within the membrane, thereby buffering such forces and reducing the Caveolae are strikingly abundant in endothelial cells, yet the physiological functions of caveolae in endothelium and other tissues remain incompletely understood.Previous studies suggest a mechanoprotective role, but whether this is relevant under the mechanical forces experienced by endothelial cells in vivo is unclear.In this study we have sought to determine whether endothelial caveolae disassemble under increased hemodynamic forces, and whether caveolae help prevent acute rupture of the plasma membrane under these conditions.Experiments in cultured cells established biochemical assays for disassembly of caveolar protein complexes, and assays for acute loss of plasma membrane integrity.In vivo, we demonstrate that caveolae in endothelial cells of the lung and cardiac muscle disassemble in response to acute increases in cardiac output.Electron microscopy and two-photon imaging reveal that the plasma membrane of microvascular endothelial cells in caveolin 1 -/-mice is much more susceptible to acute rupture when cardiac output is increased.These data imply that mechanoprotection through disassembly of caveolae is important for endothelial function in vivo.
Mail-Order Medicine
Authors: Robert L. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Of the 625 rural communities that originally applied to the Sears Roebuck Foundation's Community Medical Assistance Program, 253 were accepted. One hundred sixty-three went on to build clinics, and 132 had physicians at the time of follow-up. From the standpoint of physician coverage of the community once a clinic had been built, the rate of physician availability was 78%. The communities' success in recruiting and retaining physicians was compared against 13 variables; none was significantly related to the recruitment, and only two—numbers of service clubs and distance to nearest physician—were related to retention. (<i>JAMA</i>232:1023-1027, 1975)
TIME AND MANNER OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Problems facing the Negro in medicine today
Authors: M. A. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1969)

I have been asked to touch briefly on the whole area which we will cover today: the problems facing the Negro today, first as a medical student, then in postgraduate training, and finally in actual practice. <h3>The Medical Student</h3> Much progress has been made, especially in recent years, but many problems still face the Negro in medicine today. A few years ago, the black applicant to medical school was fairly limited in his choice. He applied to Howard University and to Meharry Medical College. If he applied elsewhere, it was really an act of courage because he knew that his chances were fairly slim. Today the average black student still makes a smaller number of applications than the average white student, but the situation is somewhat different. If he is a brilliant and exceptional student, he may be sought after, courted, seduced, bought, and before he knows it, actually auctioned
P299 Effects of symptom severity at baseline on lung-function and SGRQ responses in the otemto® studies
Journal: Thorax (2016)

AbstractFJ Martinez reports financial support from AstraZeneca, Afferent, Boehringer Ingelheim, ConCert, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Kadmon, Mero, Pearl, Unity, Novartis, Takeda, Sunovion, Theravance and Veracyte for attendance at advisory boards, research support for steering committees from Afferent, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline and Takeda, personal fees from UpToDate for a COPD CME programme, and financial support from Biogen and GlaxoSmithKline for participation in data safety monitoring boards.R Abrahams reports grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim during the conduct of the study and, outside of this work, grants and personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline and grants from AstraZeneca and Pearl Therapeutics.GT Ferguson, during the conduct of the study, reports grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim and, outside the submitted work, grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from GlaxoSmithKline, grants and personal fees from Novartis, AstraZeneca, Pearl Therapeutics and Sunovion, and grants from Forest.L Bjermer reports no conflicts of interest.L Grönke and F Voß are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG.D Singh reports other financial activities from Boehringer Ingelheim during the conduct of the study and, outside of the submitted work, grants and personal fees from Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, NAPP, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda, Teva, Theravance and Verona, and personal fees from Genentech and SkyePharma.
Disparate Thyroid Imaging
Authors: George E. Shambaugh
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A dissociation between thyroid concentrating and organification, measured respectively by sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m imaging and the 24-hour radioactive iodine scan, was found in seven of 204 patients examined by combined isotope studies. Histologic diagnoses of adenomatous goiter, follicular adenoma, or thyroid carcinoma (mixed papillary and follicular) indicated that no unique morphologic correlates could be predicted in patients with discordant images. The combined use of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and radioactive iodine studies were found to be a useful tool for obtaining serial characterization of functional change following thyroid injury in a patient with de Quervain thyroiditis. (<i>JAMA</i>228:866-869, 1974)
Abstract 312: Hypoxia induces EGFR inhibitor resistance in lung cancer cells via fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Authors: Yuhong Lu, Gary J. Zhang, Peter M. Glazer
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The development of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) specific for epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) with activating mutations has led to a new paradigm in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, most patients eventually develop resistance. Hypoxia is a key micro-environmental stress in solid tumors that is associated with poor prognosis due in part to acquired resistance to conventional therapy. In this study, we show that long-term, moderate hypoxia promotes resistance to the EGFR TKI, gefitinib, in the NSCLC cell line, HCC827, which harbors an activating EGFR mutation. We also found that hypoxia induces resistance to the third generation EGFR TKI, osimernitib, in the NSCLC cell line, H1975, which developed resistance to first and second EGFR TKI resistance by harboring a second EGFR mutation, T790M. Following growth in hypoxia, HCC827 and H1975 cells show increased N-cadherin expression with downregulation of E-cadherin, characteristics of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which prior studies have linked to EGFR TKI resistance. Mechanistically, we show that hypoxia increases fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression in both HCC827 and H1975 cells, accompanied by down regulated BIM expression. ZEB1, an EMT activator, was also increased by hypoxia in HCC827 H1975 cells. Knockdown of the FGFR1 by shRNA can attenuate gefitinib resistance in HCC827 cells and osimerinitib resistance in H1975 cells, respectively. Inhibition of FGFR1 function by the small molecular inhibitor, ponatinib, resensitizes hypoxia-induced resistant HCC827 clones to gefitinib treatment, and also attenuates osimerinitib resistance in hypoxic H1975 cells. These results suggest that hypoxia is a driving force for acquired resistance to EGFR TKIs through increased FGFR1 expression and coordination of EMT in NSCLC. The combination of EGFR TKIs and FGFR1 inhibitors may offer an attractive therapeutic strategy for NSCLCs. Citation Format: Yuhong Lu, Gary J. Zhang, Peter M. Glazer. Hypoxia induces EGFR inhibitor resistance in lung cancer cells via fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 312.