tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: John H. Newman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The modern era in cardiopulmonary medicine began in the 1940s, when Cournand and Richards pioneered right-heart catheterization. Until that time, no direct measurement of central vascular pressure had been performed in humans. Right-heart catheterization ignited an explosion of insights into function and dysfunction of the pulmonary circulation, cardiac performance, ventilation-perfusion relationships, lung-heart interactions, valvular function, and congenital heart disease. It marked the beginnings of angiocardiography with its diagnostic implications for diseases of the left heart and peripheral circulation. Pulmonary hypertension was discovered to be the consequence of a large variety of diseases that either raised pressure downstream of the pulmonary capillaries, induced vasoconstriction, increased blood flow to the lung, or obstructed the pulmonary vessels, either by embolism or in situ fibrosis. Hypoxic vasoconstriction was found to be a major cause of acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension, and surprising vasoreactivity of the pulmonary vascular bed was discovered to be present in many cases of severe pulmonary hypertension, initially in mitral stenosis. Diseases as disparate as scleroderma, cystic fibrosis, kyphoscoliosis, sleep apnea, and sickle cell disease were found to have shared consequences in the pulmonary circulation. Some of the achievements of Cournand and Richards and their scientific descendents are discussed in this article, including success in the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and management of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
Reply
Authors: Anna S. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We are in complete agreement with Drs. Zhao and Miao1 that studies should be conducted to determine if patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, who are negative for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and have normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) will benefit from antiviral therapy. As we pointed out in our article,2 some HBeAg-negative patients with normal ALT have significant liver disease on liver biopsy and some may develop cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. The risk is related to the duration and severity of liver injury prior to HBeAg seroconversion and the level of HBV replication after HBeAg seroconversion. Thus, in Figure 3 of our article, we qualified our recommendation to monitor for HBeAg-negative patients with normal ALT only if serum HBV DNA is less than 2000 IU/mL (less than 10,000 copies/mL). Furthermore, we recommended that these patients be monitored every 3 months for the first year so patients with fluctuating HBV DNA and/or ALT levels can be identified and treatment can be initiated if necessary. Although current treatments for hepatitis B are largely safe, we would like to caution that the long-term safety of these treatments remains to be established. On April 20, 2009 Pharmasset Inc. announced the termination of worldwide phase III clinical trials of clevudine following reports of myopathy.3 Clevudine was shown to be safe in previous studies, most of which involved short durations (4-24 weeks) of treatment, and had been approved for use in South Korea. Myopathy was not observed until after patients had been exposed to more than 8-12 months of clevudine.4, 5 Adverse events have also been reported to be associated with other HBV treatments including renal tubular abnormalities and renal impairment in patients receiving adefovir or tenofovir and myopathy and neuropathy in those receiving telbivudine. Although these events are rare, careful balance of the benefits versus risks of treatment is warranted, particularly in patients who have quiescent disease. Anna S. Lok M.D.*, * Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Council on Scientific Affairs
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE CLINIC.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ophthalmological Papers
Authors: S. Duke-Elder
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<h3>Learning objective</h3> Recognize neuropsychiatric symptoms as possible adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with the leukotriene receptor antagonist Montelukast in children <h3>Clinical Case</h3> An 11-year-old boy suffering from asthma presented to his pediatrician with an acute onset of nervousness, restlessness and irritability. The teacher noticed a decline in school performance with a reduced attention span. The patient had been treated with Salbutamol (Ventolin®) and Salmeterol/Fluticasone (Seretide®) for the last few years. A treatment with Montelukast chewable tablets was started four months ago. The ADR was reported to the Regional Pharmacovigilance Centre (RPVC) Bern. The termination of the therapy with Montelukast lead to an amelioration of the symptoms. According to the WHO-UMC Causality Categories,<sup>1</sup> the causality of Montelukast and the described symptoms was classified as ‘probable’. The causality of the comedication was considered ‘unlikely’ as it had been used for several years without complications. After work-up at the RPVC, the case was reported anonymously to the National Pharmacovigilance Center of the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products Swissmedic. <h3>Discussion</h3> Montelukast is a cysteinyl-leukotriene type 1-receptor antagonist used in the treatment of bronchial asthma in adults and children. Psychiatric disorders such as agitation, psychomotor hyperactivity (including irritability and restlessness), disorders of attention and memory impairment (and others) are listed as known ADRs of Montelukast.<sup>2 3</sup> The WHO pharmacovigilance database VigiBase® lists a total of 20’897 ADR reports for Montelukast, of which 4’705 (22.5%) refer to nervous system disorders and 6’828 (32.7%) to psychiatric disorders. Within the group of nervous system disorders 256 (5.4%) reports of psychomotor hyperactivity, 232 (4.9%) reports of disturbance in attention and 91 (1.9%) reports of memory impairment were recorded.<sup>4</sup> The most common symptoms in the group of psychiatric disorders are depression (1’311, 19.2%) and aggressive behavior (1’175, 17.2%). If psychiatric ADRs occur, the risks and benefits of Montelukast should be reassessed. <h3>References</h3> The use of the WHO-UMC system for standardised case causality assessment. Available from:https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_safety/safety_efficacy/WHOcausality_assessment.pdf Marchand MS, Jonville-Bera AP, Autret-Leca E, [Psychiatric disorders associated with montelukast: data from the National Pharmacovigilance Database]. <i>Arch Pediatr</i> 2013;20(3):269–73. Aldea Perona A, Garcia-Saiz M, Sanz Alvarez E. Psychiatric disorders and montelukast in children: A disproportionality analysis of the vigibase((R)). <i>Drug Saf</i> 2016;9(1):69–78. <h3>Disclosure(s)</h3> Nothing to disclose
Nicotine Addiction
Authors: G. Burton Friden
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recent letters inThe Journalstemming from the article by Gori and Lynch (240:1255, 1978) address not only issues related to assessing quantitatively the relative carcinogenic and other toxic risks of cigarette brands at various levels of use, but also the public health consequences of the lay media's misinterpreting research and medical opinion. I would like to provide an example of such misunderstanding in the public sector and offer an additional point of view regarding the search for safer alternatives. Nicotine has been shown responsible for the strong addictiveness of cigarette smoking. Chronic users experience physical withdrawal syndromes of relatively short duration (three to four days), generally followed by prolonged periods of recurrent craving that may last for years.<sup>1</sup>The profound health consequences entailed by prolonged smoking are also well established. Cigarettes have been described as being the major cause of the largest number of preventable
Diminished<i>in vitro</i>antibacterial activity of oxacillin against clinical isolates of borderline oxacillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Authors: S. Croes, P. S. Beisser, P. H. Terporten, C. Neef, R. H. Deurenberg, E. E. Stobberingh
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2009)
Erratum
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1988)

Unfortunately, the figures in the commentary by G. Ettlinger on “Primate handedness reconsidered” by MacNeilage et al. (1987) were printed as negative rather than positives. This meant that black became white and areas of labelling referred to in the legand, instead of being darker than the remainder, became lighter than the remainder. The figures are correctly reproduced above, and labelling is seen as dark in certain structures of the left hemisphere. The structures labelled in each figure are those identofied in the original figure legend published with the commentary.
Low Back Pain
Authors: Roger Chou
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2021)

Low back pain is a common problem that is the leading cause of disability and is associated with high costs. Evaluation focuses on identification of risk factors indicating a serious underlying condition and increased risk for persistent disabling symptoms in order to guide selective use of diagnostic testing (including imaging) and treatments. Nonpharmacologic therapies, including exercise and psychosocial management, are preferred for most patients with low back pain and may be supplemented with adjunctive drug therapies. Surgery and interventional procedures are options in a minority of patients who do not respond to standard treatments.
Visiting Hour
Authors: Floyd Skloot
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PNEUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE INTESTINE
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Values Reported
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Penny F. Whiting, PhD; Robert F. Wolff, MD; Sohan Deshpande, MSc; Marcello Di Nisio, PhD; Steven Duffy, PgD; Adrian V. Hernandez, MD, PhD; J. Christiaan Keurentjes, MD, PhD; Shona Lang, PhD; Kate Misso, MSc; Steve Ryder, MSc; Simone Schmidlkofer, MSc; Marie Westwood, PhD; Jos Kleijnen, MD, PhD
Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia
Authors: R.G. Owen, A. Lubenko, J. Savage, L.A. Parapia, A.S. Jack, G.J. Morgan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Autoimmune phenomena are well-recognised complications of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) and IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Peripheral neuropathy and cold agglutinin hemolytic anemia are the most common reported and occur in 5–10% of patients. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia has been rarely reported in WM and its incidence is not known. In this study we report the case of a 67-year-old man who presented with autoimmune thrombocytopenia who was subsequently found to have WM. Laboratory investigation demonstrated that platelet-associated IgM (PAIgM) but not PAIgG was clearly elevated compared to normal controls. In addition the patient's serum reacted strongly with a panel of donor platelets analysed with an indirect platelet immunofluorescence assay utilising an anti-IgM secondary antibody. Glycoprotein specificity could not however be demonstrated by ELISA techniques for platelet glycoproteins IIbIIIa, IaIIa, IbIXa, and IV. We also reviewed the case records of 104 additional cases of WM diagnosed at our institution between 5/93 and 5/99. Three further cases with clinically significant autoimmune thrombocytopenia were identified. The overall incidence of autoimmune thrombocytopenia (4/105, 3.8%) in this cohort of patients was similar to the incidence of peripheral neuropathy (7/105, 6.7%) and cold agglutinins (3/105, 2.9%). Am. J. Hematol. 66:116–119, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CUMULATIVE RISKS OF STENT MIGRATION AND UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING IN PATIENTS WITH LUMEN APPOSING METAL STENTS
Authors: FJ García Alonso, I Peñas-Herrero, R Sánchez-Ocaña, S Sevilla-Ribota, M de Benito Sanz, M Cimavilla, A Yaiza Carbajo López, P Gil-Simón, C de la Serna-Higuera, M Pérez-Miranda
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Gastrointestinal bleeding and stent migration are lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) related adverse events which might appear with a significant delay after stent deployment. Our objective was to address the cumulative risk of migration and upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with the deployment of LAMS.
Laboratory contributions to human cytogenetics
Authors: R. L. Teplitz
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ONCE it was demonstrated that modification of methods applied to botanical material could be used successfully in mammalian cytogenetics,<sup>1</sup>human cytogenetics began its explosive growth. By means of standard staining techniques for chromosomes, the correct diploid chromosome number for man was quickly established, and a number of human disorders were found to be caused by numerical or structural abnormalities. These findings and the growth of human cytogenetics depended essentially on the concatenation of two laboratory contributions. The first of these was the development of a method that made metaphase chromosomes easily available from the dividing cell.<sup>1,2</sup>A necessary second development was that of cell culture. Once considered an exotic procedure, it has been brought to the point where its application is only slightly more problematic than standard microbiological culture procedures. By the middle of the decade 1960-1970, more than 25 disorders had been catalogued as having their etiology
Upper Ottawa Street Landfill Site Health Study
Authors: Clyde Hertzman, Mike Hayes, Joel Singer, Joseph Highland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

This report describes the design and conduct of two sequential historical prospective morbidity surveys of workers and residents from the Upper Ottawa Street Landfill Site in Hamilton, Ontario. The workers study was carried out first and was a hypothesis-generating study. Workers and controls were administered a health questionnaire, which was followed by an assessment of recall bias through medical chart abstraction. Multiple criteria were used to identify health problems associated with landfill site exposure. Those problems with highest credibility included clusters of respiratory, skin, narcotic, and mood disorders. These formed the hypothesis base in the subsequent health study of residents living adjacent to the landfill site. In that study, the association between mood, narcotic, skin, and respiratory conditions with landfill site exposure was confirmed using the following criteria: strength of association; consistency with the workers study; risk gradient by duration of residence and proximity to the landfill; absence of evidence that less healthy people moved to the area; specificity; and the absence of recall bias. The validity of these associations were reduced by three principal problems: the high refusal rate among the control population; socioeconomic status differences between the study groups; and the fact that the conditions found in excess were imprecisely defined and potentially interchangeable with other conditions. Offsetting these problems were the multiple criteria used to assess each hypothesis, which were applied according to present rules. Evidence is presented that supports the hypothesis that vapors, fumes, or particulate matter emanating from the landfill site, as well as direct skin exposure, may have lead to the health problems found in excess. Evidence is also presented supporting the hypothesis that perception of exposure and, therefore, of risk, may explain the results of the study. However, based on the analyses performed, it is the conclusion of the authors that the adverse effects seen were more likely the result of chemical exposure than of perception of risk.
Retroperitoneal Ganglioneuromas and Neurofibromas: Clinicopathological Study
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Secondary School Students—Budapest, Hungary, 1995
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Because of the high prevalence of tobacco use in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, public health officials in many of these countries have designated as a priority the prevention of smoking initiation among youth. In 1995, a nationally representative survey in the Republic of Hungary documented that 35.8% of 16-year-old students in that country had smoked cigarettes during the preceding 30 days. To better characterize smoking among youth in Hungary, the Field Epidemiology Training Program, Hungarian Ministry of Welfare, conducted a cross-sectional survey in Budapest (1995 population: 1,906,798) among secondary school students aged 14-18 years. Specific objectives of the survey were to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking among these students, determine factors associated with higher prevalences, and describe the smoking habits of current cigarette smokers. This report summarizes the findings, which indicate that one third of all students smoked; half of all 18-year-olds smoked; and of those students who smoked, 41% most frequently smoked an imported, internationally recognized cigarette brand.