tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Mirtazapine and Nortriptyline Following Two Consecutive Failed Medication Treatments for Depressed Outpatients: A STAR*D Report
Authors: Maurizio Fava, A John Rush, Stephen R Wisniewski, Andrew A Nierenberg, Jonathan E Alpert, Patrick J McGrath, Michael E Thase, Diane Warden, Melanie Biggs, James F Luther, George Niederehe, Louise Ritz, Madhukar H Trivedi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Few controlled studies have addressed the issue of which antidepressant medications should be recommended for outpatients who have not responded to multiple treatment trials. This study compared the efficacy of switching to mirtazapine to that of switching to a tricyclic antidepressant (nortriptyline) following two prospective, consecutive, unsuccessful medication treatments for nonpsychotic major depressive disorder.Following lack of remission or an inability to tolerate an initial trial of citalopram for up to 12 weeks (first step) and a second trial with either monotherapy involving another antidepressant or augmentation of citalopram with bupropion or buspirone (second step), adult outpatients (N=235) with nonpsychotic major depressive disorder were randomly assigned to 14 weeks of treatment with mirtazapine (up to 60 mg/day) (N=114) or nortriptyline (up to 200 mg/day) (N=121). The primary outcome, symptom remission, was defined a priori as a total exit score of </=7 on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. The 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Report (QIDS-SR(16)), obtained at treatment visits, provided secondary outcomes of remission (score </=5 at exit) and response (>/=50% reduction in score from baseline).For mirtazapine, remission rates were 12.3% and 8.0% per the Hamilton and QIDS-SR(16) scores, respectively. For nortriptyline, remission rates were 19.8% and 12.4%, respectively. QIDS-SR(16) response rates were 13.4% for mirtazapine and 16.5% for nortriptyline. Neither response nor remission rates statistically differed by treatment, nor did these two treatments differ in tolerability or adverse events.Switching to a third antidepressant monotherapy regimen after two consecutive unsuccessful antidepressant trials resulted in low remission rates (<20%) among patients with major depressive disorder.
The physician and the clinical psychologist ; a comparison of their education and their interrelationship
Authors: H. A. Dickel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

As is well illustrated in the reports that appear from time to time,<sup>1</sup>there is an increasing enlargement in the number of people, disciplines, and interested groups who involve themselves in the general field of health. These individuals and their groups, known as the paramedical groups, are often inadequately known to the physician. A more clear and sound understanding of these groups should exist. There are obvious basic differences between these groups and the medically trained physician. Yet, with time and advancements in the knowledge of health and disease, there is a point at which the various groups do approximate one another in their training and must necessarily overlap in the services that they render the patient, his illnesses, and his community. <h3>Gaps in the Realm of Responsibility</h3> One of the areas of health presently receiving most careful consideration is that of mental health. During the past century, for several
Nutrition Instruction
Authors: Joel R. Leininger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial by Esther S. Nelson, MD, (236:2534, 1976) entitled "Nutrition Instruction in Medical Schools—1976" raised some questions. I am curious to know Dr Nelson's reason for attempting to compare nutrition instruction in medical schools with nutrition instruction in animal science (husbandry) departments. Asking an animal science department if it offers courses in nutrition is like asking Ford Motor Company if it builds any automobiles. I think there is little doubt that a comparison between instructions concerned with human health and animal health should be conducted by surveys of schools of human medicine and schools of veterinary medicine. Among purveyors of animal welfare, veterinary medicine is the analogue of human medicine. I do not believe animal science (husbandry) has a direct human analogue, but the study of human nutrition is close.
Military Medicine, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response Modification in Carcinogenesis
Authors: Peter A. Cerutti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

A major goal in multistep carcinogenesis research is the integration of recent findings obtained by sophisticated molecular-genetic and cytogenetic analysis of cancer into the more descriptive concepts of experimental pathology. It is proposed that the creation of a promotable cell in carcinogenic initiation requires a response modification to extracellular or intercellular signals. Different types of response modification can be distinguished: changes in the receptors for growth and differentiation factors and their cytoplasmic and nuclear signal transduction pathways; increased resistance of initiated cells to cytotoxic agents; alterations in junctional cell-to-cell communications. The challenge of a response-modified cell to an appropriate promoter results in its selection and clonal expansion, usually to a benign tumor. In addition, for malignancy, chromosomal changes are required that affect cellular functions that can play a role early or late in tumorigenesis. These concepts are illustrated with examples from oncogene research and oxidant promotion.
Asymmetry
Authors: Richard Camicioli
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pfetin as a risk factor of recurrence in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).
Authors: Hajime Orita, Konomi Mizuguchi, Tomoaki Ito, Mutsumi Sakurada, Tomoyuki Kushida, Hiroshi Maekawa, Koichi Sato
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e21506 Background: Despite having been completely resected, some gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) recur or metastasize, depending on the grade of malignancy. A good marker is sought to accurately diagnose high risk for recurrence. Previously our group has reported pfetin as a prognostic biomarker for GIST. Comparing pfetin expression with clinicopathological data and incidence of recurrence, we analyzed strategies for adjuvant therapy. In addition, we report a case of low-risk GIST of the stomach, a successful prediction using pfetin, and removal of a metastatic liver tumor after 5 years. Methods: A total of 48 patients treated at our institution between 1995 and 2014 were studied. All were diagnosed with localized primary GIST and underwent complete gross surgical resection. The majority of tumors originated in the stomach (40 cases), with 7 in the small intestine and 1 in the rectum. We performed a retrospective analysis of the connection between clinicopathological data and incidence of recurrence, using bivariate and multivariate analyses. The reactivity of the monoclonal antibody against pfetin was examined by immunohistochemistry. We have reported pfetin, identified Microarray technology and compared statistically different GISTs for good and poor prognosis, and for prognostic markers. Results: There were 7 cases of recurrence.Bivariate analysis revealed significant differences by tumor size, mitosis, exposure and excision. Pfetin negative cases were significantly related with recurrence (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Our study indicates that adjuvant therapy with imatinib for high tumor mitosis and pfetin-negative cases requires discussion. Case presentation: A 60-year-old man underwent partial resection of the stomach five years ago. Though his GIST was diagnosed as low risk (< 4cm mitosis < 5)/50 HPF)) following the Fletcher classification, we performed frequent examination (every 3 months) because of negative pfetin expression. Adjuvant medication was not administered. After 5 years, a metastasized liver tumor was found and completely resected.
Synergistic effects of long-wavelength ultraviolet A1 and visible light on pigmentation and erythema
Authors: I. Kohli, S. Chaowattanapanit, T.F. Mohammad, C.L. Nicholson, S. Fatima, G. Jacobsen, N. Kollias, H.W. Lim, I.H. Hamzavi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiations from sunlight that reach the surface of the earth are categorized as UVB (wavelength range 280–320 nm) and UVA (320–400 nm). The UVA is further divided into UVA2 (320–340 nm) and UVA1 (340–400 nm). In the United States and other nations, rules have been set outlining how products that are designed to protect against UVB and UVA should be tested, and there are also strict rules about how these products can be labeled. The SPF (sun protection factor) mainly shows the level of protection against UVB only, and SPF along with “Broad Spectrum” on a label shows protection against both UVB and UVA. The criteria that decide whether or not manufacturers can claim a product gives broad spectrum protection, in the US, primarily focus on protection offered below 370 nm. Visible light (VL), which ranges from 400 nm to 700 nm, is a spectrum of wavelengths that are visible to the human eye. To date, only the UV part of sunlight, which is not visible light, has been considered to cause photodamage (damage caused by sunlight) resulting in skin cancers and photoaging (skin ageing due to the sun). The visible part of the sunlight was considered relatively harmless. This study, from the US, investigated skin responses, in terms of sunburn and tanning, caused by visible light in combination with the tail end of long wavelength UVA1 (referred to as VL+UVA1, 370–700 nm) and compared them to those caused by pure visible light (400–700 nm). The findings of the study show that skin responses, in terms of pigmentation (colouring/tanning) and erythema (redness/sunburn), resulting from VL+UVA1 were stronger than those induced by pure visible light alone. This implies that wavelengths that current broad spectrum sunscreens do not cover can affect pigmentation and erythema. These wavelengths may have a role in conditions aggravated by sun exposure such as melasma and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation, especially in patients with skin of color. The development of prodcts that protect against visible light and long wavelength UVA1 will be helpful for these, as well as for the management of certain skin disorders triggered by UVA1 and VL.
Capecitabine (X) in elderly patients (pts) with hormone-refractory metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Authors: F. Longo, E. Magnolfi, A. Borgomastro, D. Gemma, M. Salerno, A. Alida Ciorra, D. Traficante, M. Di Seri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

839 Background: X (Xeloda) is the reference treatment in anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated MBC, based on consistent high activity, a good safety profile with little myelosuppression and no alopecia, and evidence that its addition to docetaxel extends survival. Tolerability and efficacy also make X an interesting drug in elderly pts with hormone-refractory disease. Methods: Between May 2002 and Sep 2003, 18 elderly MBC pts received X 1000 mg/m2 twice daily on days 1–14, every 3 weeks. Study objectives were efficacy and safety of X and its impact on quality of life (QoL), assessed via the Clinical Benefit Response (CBR) every third cycle of treatment. Results: Pt characteristics were: median age 70 years (range 68–73); median ECOG PS 1 (range 0–2); 100% with visceral metastases and 53% with >2 metastatic sites. All pts had received prior adjuvant chemotherapy and at least one previous hormonal therapy for advanced disease. A total of 142 cycles were administered (median 6 cycles per pt). After 3 cycles, 5 pts (28%) showed a partial response (PR), 8 (44%) had stable disease (SD) and 1 had a minor response, resulting in a disease control rate of 78%. Biochemical response (CEA and/or CA 15.3 reduction) was observed in 56% of pts. SD has been maintained in 11 pts after 6 cycles, 5 pts after 9 cycles and 1 after 12 cycles. Treatment was well tolerated, the most common grade 3 events being mucositis (7%) and hand-foot syndrome (7%). There were no grade 3/4 hematological toxicities. All adverse events were easily managed with dose adjustments and supportive therapies as required. As a result, pt compliance was 100% with appreciable benefits in terms of pain and QoL (positive CBR in 56% of pts). Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate that X at this dose is active and well tolerated in elderly pts with hormone-refractory MBC. This dosing regimen also warrants study as first-line treatment in pts with less aggressive MBC who might not be suitable for combination therapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Trihalomethanes as Initiators and Promoters of Carcinogenesis
Authors: Michael A. Pereira, Luan-Ho C. Lin, John M. Lippitt, Sydna L. Herren
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Chloroform and other trihalomethanes are contaminants of drinking water that have been demonstrated to be carcinogenic in laboratory animals. Determination of the mechanism of carcinogenicity of chloroform is required so that the animal data can be extrapolated to estimate the human health hazard. The extent of the binding of chloroform to rat liver and kidney DNA was approximately 0.1% the level of binding found for dimethylnitrosamine. Neither chloroform nor bromoform, in contrast to diethylnitrosamine-initiated GGTase-positive foci in either intact or partial hepatectomized rats, promoted with phenobarbital. Tumor-promoting activity of chloroform was indicated by the slight significant increase, compared to untreated controls, in the incidence of GGTase-positive foci in rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) followed by the administration of chloroform twice weekly for a total of 15 doses. In this study, rats administered only the DENA or the chloroform did not contain an increased incidence of GGTase-positive foci compared to untreated controls. However, the incidence of foci in the group that received DENA followed by chloroform was not statistically different from that in either the group that received only the DENA or only the chloroform. In conclusion, we were unable to demonstrate tumor-initiating activity for chloroform, and the tumor-promoting activity of chloroform indicated by our results requires further confirmation.
INFLUENCE OF HOST FACTORS ON NEUROINVASIVENESS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS
Authors: Albert B. Sabin, Peter K. Olitsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

Page 205, line 26; page 207, Table I, last line; page 209, line 20; and page 217, line 12, for submaxillary read sphenopalatine.
Therapy of acute severe hypertension in children
Authors: L. G. McLain
Journal: JAMA (1978)

FORTUNATELY for those dealing with health care problems in children, hypertensive emergencies and the attending complications are not seen as frequently in children as they are in adults.<sup>1</sup>However, that does not lessen the seriousness of a hypertensive crisis when it does occur.<sup>2</sup>The clinical condition of acute severe hypertension is being seen more frequently in pediatric patients. The increase in this condition is due primarily to the severe arterial hypertension found in children who have received a kidney transplant. Table 1 lists many of the conditions in children that may be associated with a sudden and severe rise in arterial blood pressure (BP). Although poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is the most common clinical condition in which acute hypertension is found, many centers are reporting severe episodes of acute hypertension in postrenal transplant patients. Also, with a better survival rate in infants with hemolytic uremic syndrome, the problem of severe
Marriages
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Viral hepatitis
Journal: Gut (1994)

3rd UEGWOslo 1994 served one young infant girl (8 month) with the bleeding from the 1 .5 month of life.During a diarrhea in the 6 month of life a excretion polypus of 1.5-2.5 cm diameter was observed.Polypus juveniles was recognized in the histopathological investigation.One month later the second polypus was excreted and bleeding the lower digestive tract and anaemia (Hb 7.6 g/%) were observed.Colography did not give the definite reason for the bleeding.Colonoscopy was performed (video film) and a tumor in ascendens colonis was found what made further investigation impossible.The 8 x 10 cm tumor was removed surgically.Postoperatively, the general condition of the infant is satisfactory, free from complications.
Erratum
Authors: T Brenn, Helen Kemp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

very well written and covers the basics of molecular diagnostics in general, as well as more detailed and specialized aspects applicable to dermatopathology.Overall, the book is easy to read and understand, and it should appeal to a wide range of readers from novices to more seasoned practising dermatologists and dermatopathologists.As with all books of this complexity, there are some minor shortcomings that could be addressed in subsequent editions.In its present layout the book is not suitable to be a practical handbook.It is very text heavy and would benefit from more diagrams, tables listing salient features in bullet text and further illustrations.Furthermore, due to size constraints the illustrations are often small and the tables cannot always be accommodated in their proper orientation.Finally, the rapidly changing nature of molecular diagnostics creates a serious challenge, and certain aspects of the book will invariably be outdated, even at the time of publication.Perhaps the authors could consider an online platform with regular updates in future editions.Yet these comments are minor and meant to be helpful suggestions rather than true criticisms.They cer
Human fetal hepatocytes respond to inflammatory mediators and excrete bile
Authors: J Bauer
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Under strict observation of the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki Human Research Committee, primary hepatocyte cultures were prepared from second-trimester fetal liver specimens. We have shown for the first time that fetal hepatocytes have the capacity to produce an acutephase response on treatment with inflammatory mediators. Addition of interleukin-6 to the cultures resulted in strong induction of C-reactive protein and α-1-antichymotrypsin expression, whereas albumin expression was repressed. In contrast to interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-β did not induce C-reactive protein expression. However, as in adult hepatocytes, fetal cells responded to transforming growth factor-β by reduced albumin synthesis. We were able to show by virtue of fluorescein excretion into sealed clefts that fetal hepatocytes have the functional capacity to form bile. Our findings indicate that second-trimester hepatocytes can be regarded as fairly mature liver cells. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:1131–1141.)
NONDERMATOLOGIC DISTURBANCES DURING CONTINUED TREATMENT WITH PHENOBARBITAL
Journal: JAMA (1929)

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