tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy now making "careful comeback'
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) is making a comeback. After a long near-hiatus in HBO work in the United States, there now is a flurry of activity, including as much as a fourfold increase in the number of hyperbaric pressure chambers in this country. In such chambers, which can be either monoplace or multiplace, 100% oxygen is administered to patients at up to three times the sea level atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg. Monoplace chambers are pressurized throughout with pure (100%) oxygen, while multiplace chambers are pressurized with compressed air (20.98% oxygen by volume), which the medical personnel breathe, while the patient receives 100% oxygen by face mask, endotracheal tube, or upper body tent. The most common association that most people make with HBO is treatment of the "bends" sometimes experienced by divers. However, potential applications to a wide variety of other medical problems are being explored. Each year, a committee
Specific and dose-dependent enzyme induction by omeprazole in human beings
Authors: K Rost
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Omeprazole induces hepatic cytochrome P-4501A2. In a previous study this effect was shown to be significant in vivo in 6 poor metabolizers, including 1 intermediate metabolizer, but not in 12 extensive metabolizers of S-mephenytoin after 7 days of treatment with 40 mg/day omeprazole. In this study, the specificity of the inducing potential of omeprazole was investigated in these volunteers. Furthermore, in eight of the extensive metabolizers the dose-dependence of cytochrome P-450 1A2 induction was evaluated. Cytochrome P-450 1A2 activity was monitored by means of the 13C-[N3-methyl]caffeine breath test and by means of plasma caffeine clearance before omeprazole treatment with 120 mg/day, on the seventh day of dosage and after a 7-day washout. Omeprazole plasma concentration was measured. Results were compared with those after 40 mg. γ-Glutamyltransferase activity in serum, as well as urinary excretion of d-glucaric acid and 6β-hydroxycortisol, were measured on the same study days in all study groups (n = 26). In the eight extensive metabolizers the breath test indicated a dose-dependent increase of cytochrome P-450 1A2 activity of 8.5% ± 15.0% (40 mg, mean ± SD, NS) and 27.2% ± 16.5% (120 mg, p = 0.002). Caffeine clearance was increased by 31.6% ± 20.7% (p < 0.001) with the higher dose. None of the study groups exhibited a significant increase of γ-glutamyltransferase activity or urinary excretion of d-glucaric acid or 6β-hydroxycortisol. This was in contrast to the phenobarbital-type induction observed after treatment with antiepileptic drugs. Induction by omeprazole seems to be restricted to cytochrome P-450 1A enzymes. Thus cytochrome P-450 1A2 induction is not clinically relevant with common therapeutic doses in EMs but might be of relevance after extraordinarily high doses or in poor metabolizers of S-mephenytoin. (Hepatology 1994;20:1204–1212).
UICC Conference on Clinical Oncology/Seventh Annual Meeting of the European Society of Medical Oncology
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article UICC Conference on Clinical Oncology/Seventh Annual Meeting of the European Society of Medical Oncology Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 66, Issue 3, March 1981, Page 610, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/66.3.610 Published: 01 March 1981
Clarification of Guideline Recommendations
Journal: JAMA (2019)

In the Viewpoint entitled "The Orphan Drug Act Revisited," 1 published in the March 5, 2019, issue of JAMA, there was incorrect wording used to describe the Orphan Drug Act.In all instances, "patent protection" and "patent exclusivity" should have read "market exclusivity."The sentences should have read as follows: "To promote the development of orphan drug therapies, the ODA provided companies that engaged in research for drugs with populations of fewer that 200 000 patients with tax incentives, research substudies, and extended market exclusivity"; "These impressive revenues do not consider the substantial financial incentives companies receive in fee waivers and extended market exclusivity"; and "Another possibility would be to enact price regulations for orphan drugs after their extended market exclusivity expires, if no generic competition has arisen."This article was corrected online.
Street pharmacy
Authors: Beth Chapman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Medical students will come across illegal drugs at every stage of their career. Beth Chapman guides you through their names, actions, uses, and misuses SAKKI/REX Otherwise known as black, blast, blow, Bob Hope, dope, draw, ganja, gear, grass, hash, hashish, hemp, herb, marijuana, pot, puff, northern lights, resin, skunk, smoke, spliff, wacky backy, and weed. ### How does it work? Cannabis contains hundreds of active constituents. Pharmacologically, the most important is tetrahydrocannabinoid (THC). This mimics naturally occurring (endogenous) cannabinoids within the body and acts on specific receptors located within the central nervous system and peripherally.12 When stimulated these receptors interact with other neurochemical pathways and are largely responsible for the psychobehavioural and physiological effects of the drug (box 1). ### Box 1: Effects of cannabisRETURN TO TEXT ### Use Cannabis was first used as a medicine sometime before 100 ad in ancient China and could still be legally prescribed in the United Kingdom until 1973. However, laws relating to cannabis use vary from country to country. A growing body of research has identified the actions of cannabis in the body and investigated its value for many diseases. There are practical problems with giving the drug (box 2), but a constructive debate over the therapeutic role of cannabis is often hindered by a blurring of the separate issues of medical and recreational use.
Vasomotor Rhinorrhoea
Authors: A. S. Hoseason
Journal: BMJ (1938)

metropolitan boroughs up to 1935.It will be seen that in comparison with the general child population the incidence of diphtheria among immunized children is distinctly low (an attack rate of 1.77 per 1,000 immunized against 9.04 for the general child popuLlation) and that there' has not been a single death from diphtheria in the forty-one cases occurring in the immunized group.I am indebted to the Special Hospitals Department of the London County Council for the information contained in the table, and to Dr. G. H. Dart, medical officer of health for Hackney, for much helpful advice.
The use and misuse of sex chromatin screening for 'gender identification' of female athletes
Authors: A. de la Chapelle
Journal: JAMA (1986)

According to the rules of sports organizations such as the International Olympic Committee, competitors registered as females must undergo a "gender verification" test that consists of screening with sex chromatin, followed by further tests in those with an abnormal or inconclusive result. The aims of the gender verification test have not been published but presumably they are to exclude from women's sports events males or other individuals whose muscle strength or body build gives them an unfair advantage over their competitors. It is shown herein that the sex chromatin screening method reveals only a small proportion of such individuals. Moreover, women with certain congenital chromosome abnormalities and other abnormal conditions without increased muscle strength are found to have "abnormal" sex chromatin. Thus, the present screening method is both inaccurate and discriminatory. It is proposed that the aims of gender identification should be defined and methods chosen that achieve the desired result. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1920-1923)
Special Article.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Midwest symposium seeks therapeutic answers to global AIDS problem
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NEW THERAPEUTIC strategies that lead in various clinical directions, all aimed at combating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, were the subject of a recent multidisciplinary symposium sponsored by The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Mich. The pharmaceutical firm brought together investigators from industry, academe, and government to stimulate discussion and facilitate an exchange of ideas focused on stemming the advancing tide of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), whose cumulative death toll in the United States alone has now reached nearly 70 000. National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Md, researchers Ira Pastan, MD, and Edward Berger, PhD, excited interest with their reports on efforts to "create a guided missile against HIV-infected cells." Building on knowledge gained from using toxins for cancer therapy and on the previous development of recombinant soluble CD4 proteins, HIV-binding "decoys" (<i>JAMA</i>. 1988;259:463), they have genetically engineered a hybrid toxin, linking the cytopathic portions of the bacterium<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>
Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Disinfection by-Products in Drinking Water
Authors: John S. Reif, Maureen C. Hatch, Michael Bracken, Lewis B. Holmes, Bernard A. Schwetz, Philip C. Singer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Recent epidemiologic studies have reported associations between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and reproductive and developmental effects. Here we review the available epidemiologic data, assess the hazard potential posed by exposure to disinfection by-products, identify critical data gaps, and offer recommendations for further research. The epidemiologic evidence supporting associations between exposure to water disinfection by-products (DBPs) and adverse pregnancy outcomes is sparse, and positive findings should be interpreted cautiously. The methods used during the early stages of research in this area have been diverse. Variability in exposure assessment and endpoints makes it difficult to synthesize or combine the available data. Exposure misclassification and unmeasured confounding may have lead to bias in risk estimation. Future studies of reproductive outcome and exposure to chlorinated water should use improved methods for exposure assessment to 1) assure selection of appropriate exposure markers, 2) assess seasonal and annual fluctuations in DBPs, 3) assess variability within the distribution system, and 4) assess exposure through multiple routes such as bathing and showering, as well as consumption. Population-based studies should be conducted to evaluate male and female fertility, conception delay, growth retardation, and specific birth defects. The reproductive and developmental effects of exposure to DBPs could be efficiently explored in ongoing investigations by incorporating valid exposure markers and relevant questionnaire information. Future studies should make use of naturally occurring variability in the concentrations of DBPs and may incorporate biomarkers of exposure and effect in their design. Epidemiologic investigations should be conducted in parallel with laboratory-based and animal studies in a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach.
Aggressive care at the end-of-life for younger patients with cancer: Impact of ASCO's Choosing Wisely campaign.
Authors: Ronald C. Chen, Aaron David Falchook, Fang Tian, Ramsankar Basak, Laura Hanson, Nandini Selvam, Stacie Dusetzina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

LBA10033 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstracts.asco.org at 7:30 AM (EDT) on Monday, June 6, 2016, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2016, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Monday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Toxicity of Mycotoxins for the Rat Pulmonary Macrophage in Vitro
Authors: W. G. Sorenson, G. Frank Gerberick, Daniel M. Lewis, Vincent Castranova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The presence of mycotoxins in grains is well documented. Workers in grain handling occupations are commonly exposed to grain dust aerosols. Work in our laboratory has shown that T-2 toxin is highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro, causing loss of viability, release of radiolabeled chromium, inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and inhibition of macrophage activation. Similarly, patulin caused a significant release of radiolabeled chromium, decrease in ATP levels, significant inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis, and inhibition of phagocytosis. The data show that both T-2 toxin and patulin are highly toxic to rat alveolar macrophages in vitro. The data further suggest that the presence of these mycotoxins in airborne respirable dust might present a hazard to exposed workers.
MRI
Authors: AB Reisman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Ad Libitum15 August 2000MRIAnna B. Reisman, MDAnna B. Reisman, MDNew Haven, CT 06511 (Reisman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-4-200008150-00008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Sitting next to the technicianin the frigid control roomI watch thin slices of unremarkable brainunfold on the screen.Cerebellum, brainstem, thalamus,cortex, then suddenly, softly, a paleroundness emerges, a dimpled pieceof rotten fruit.I shiver and look away into the glass cagewhere my sister's legs protrudefrom the huge machine, like a small animalbeing swallowed head-first by a snake.The MRI's thunderous rattleshakes the ground beneath us, andserpent-like, it spews out knowledgeof doom. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New Haven, CT 06511 (Reisman)Corresponding Author: Anna B. Reisman, MD, 11-ACSL, Connecticut Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 4Page: 262KeywordsBrainBrainstemCerebellumComputed axial tomographyHealth careTechniciansThalamusVeteran care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 August 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
HYGIENE VS. FEEDING IN INFANCY.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association News
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Postmarketing surveillance: beyond MEDWatch
Authors: G. A. Faich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As one who has actively participated in adverse effects surveillance over the past 10 years,<sup>1,2</sup>I wish to applaud the new Food and Drug Administration (FDA)MEDWATCHinitiative.<sup>3</sup>The FDA commissioner and his staff are to be congratulated on recognizing that major efforts must be made to heighten awareness of the importance of reporting by the medical community. The use of a single unified form that does not require practitioners to distinguish between devices, drugs, and biologicals is a great advance. It must be pointed out, however, that surveillance systems generate signals that require further quantification and risk evaluations. Stimulating reporting without providing resources to ensure adequate follow-up and epidemiologic assessments is only a partial solution. The FDA must give further attention to expanding its internal and extramural epidemiologic programs. While the agency has increased preapproval resources and activities, the proportion of manpower and funding
低氧环境下的真皮乳头细胞培养
Authors: M. Zheng, Y.‐J. Jang, N. Choi, D.‐Y. Kim, T.W. Han, J. H. Yeo, J. Lee, J.‐H. Sung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

脱发最常与衰老和激素失衡相关, 后两者可导致毛囊干细胞不能再生毛囊(HF)。很多患者通过服药或植发来恢复脱发, 但存在很多限制, 如费用、副作用等等。植发是一种治疗重度脱发的常用方法。但是,植发基于毛囊的重新分布,无任何新的毛囊形成。很多研究者已在关注使新毛囊再生的方法。HF 减少导致毛发逐渐变薄/丢失,与不能维持正常数量真皮乳头细胞 (DPC) 相关,DPC 可决定毛发尺寸、形状和生命周期。DPC 在毛发再生中发挥关键的作用。因此,已进行了大量工作来提高 DPC 诱导新发生长的能力。这项研究调查了如何使用低氧(调控身体很多过程的一个信号)来改善 DPC 培养条件(细胞在实验室如何生长),从而帮助在体外(在实验室)生成 DPC 并维持其在体内(人体中)的毛发诱导性。
AN IMPROVED HYPODERMIC SYRINGE.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Table of contents
Journal: Hepatology (2021)

Cover Figure: Sosa and colleagues investigated the role of highmobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in sterile inflammation during liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), finding that IRI alters macrophage (red) function, resulting in hyperacetylation of nuclear (blue) HMGB1 (pink) and subsequent translocation into cytoplasmic LAMP1+ vesicles (green) for secretion as a pro-inflammatory cytokine.As such, the disulfide redox form of HMGB1 can be used as a mechanistic biomarker of, and therapeutic target for minimizing, sterile inflammation during human liver IRI.
Otitis Media, With Multiple Personalities.
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Most Thoracic Surgeons Oppose Glomectomy In Asthma Management
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal