tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HAEMORRHAGIC DISEASES
Authors: H. P. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Experiments were done to determine the amplitude of the monosynaptically mediated H-reflex of the soleus muscle at various phases of the step cycle, using a computer-based analysis procedure. In all subjects tested the amplitude of the H-reflex was strongly modulated in amplitude during the walking cycle and was highest during the stance phase. In many subjects the peak reflex amplitude occurred at about the same time as the peak soleus electromyographic (EMG) activity, but in others it occurred earlier. The form of the reflex variation (i.e., envelope of H-reflex amplitude versus phase in cycle) during the step cycle could also be quite different from that of the EMG produced during stepping. At an equal stimulus strength and EMG level, the H-reflex was always much larger, up to 3.5 X, during steadily maintained contractions while standing than during walking. The large reflexes when subjects were standing are consistent with the control of position required to maintain a stable posture in this task. Similarly, the reflexes during walking are greatest during the stance phase, when they will assist in maintaining the upright position of the body against gravity. The reflexes are smallest during the swing phase when they would oppose ankle flexion. However, since the reflex amplitude is task-dependent (i.e., greater during standing than during walking at the same EMG and stimulus levels) and is not always closely related to the EMG produced during a given task such as walking, the strong modulation of H-reflex during walking is not simply a passive consequence of the alpha-motoneuron excitation level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Editorial: Thoracic discs are different.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

because of the hazard of another ectopic.Repeat ectopic pregnancies in the sole remaining tube or where the contralateral tube or ovary has been removed or rendered useless by disease form a special case: if future fertility is wanted conservative operation offers the only hope.If fertility should be preserved and the opposite tube and ovary are normal, the choice rests between a conservative operation on the affected tube or removal of both tube and ovary on the affected side.Sentiment may favour the former course, but logic and some statistical evidence support the latter.
Therapie der organischen Nervenkrankheiten.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Meningococcal Disease--New England, 1993-1998
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Neisseria meningitidis, a leading cause of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in children and young adults in the United States, causes both sporadic disease and outbreaks. Preventing and controlling meningococcal disease remains a public health challenge because of the multiple serogroups and the limitations of available vaccines. Vaccination with the polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine, which protects against serogroups A, C, Y, and W135 of N. meningitidis, is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for controlling outbreaks but routine vaccination is not recommended for control of sporadic cases. During 1998, a cluster of meningococcal disease cases occurred in Rhode Island, and although the situation did not meet ACIP criteria for an outbreak, the Rhode Island Department of Health recommended vaccination of all residents aged 2-22 years. This action stimulated controversy in Rhode Island and the rest of New England (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont) and prompted a review of the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the region. This report describes meningococcal disease data reported to the region's state health departments during 1993-1998 and discusses the situation in Rhode Island.
The use of prostate-specific antigen in staging patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer
Authors: J. E. Oesterling
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the need for obtaining radionuclide bone scans in the staging evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer. This determination was made on the basis of presenting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective review. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The medical records of 2064 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who were evaluated at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, from January 1989 through December 1990 were reviewed. Eight hundred fifty-two patients with newly diagnosed, untreated disease and a serum PSA concentration less than 20.0 μg/L at presentation comprised the study population. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The rate of false-negative results associated with using the serum PSA concentration to predict bone scan findings. <h3>Results.</h3> —Five hundred sixty-one patients had a serum PSA concentration of 10.0 μg/L or less; only three had an abnormal bone scan result, and one had an indeterminate scan result. Of the 467 men whose PSA value was 8.0 μg/L or less (two times the upper limit of the reference range), none had bone scan results that were either abnormal or indeterminate. The rate of false-negative results for an abnormal bone scan result was 0% with a serum PSA value of 8.0 μg/L or less and 0.5% with a cutoff level of 10.0 μg/L. The 95% upper confidence limit for the rate of false-negative results for all PSA cutoff levels less than 20.0 μg/L was less than 2%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —For patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer, a serum PSA concentration of 10.0 μg/L or less, and no skeletal symptoms, a staging radionuclide bone scan does not appear to be necessary. This clinical situation applies to 39% of all patients presenting with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Since more than 130 000 new cases are diagnosed each year, approximately 50 000 patients are affected annually. If the $600 staging bone scan were eliminated for these patients, a significant economic savings to the health care system in this country would be effected. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:57-60)
Lessons From France—'Vive la Différence'
Authors: Jonathan E. Fielding
Journal: JAMA (1993)

GERMANY, and Canada, maybe England. These countries are where US policy makers look for lessons applicable to reform of the US health care system. Why not France? France provides almost universal coverage with a uniform comprehensive benefit plan that, unlike those in the United States, includes pharmaceuticals, physical therapy, and even medically prescribed spa treatments. Consumers have coverage that follows them from job to job, including any intervening periods of unemployment. Out-of-pocket costs are capped below the level where they could cause financial hardship. There is free choice of office-based physicians and ancillary service providers for ambulatory care. France spent 9.1% of its gross domestic product (GDP) on health care in 1991, similar to Canada (10.0%) and Germany (8.5%) but over 4 GDP percentage points less than the United States at 13.4%.<sup>1</sup>Yet life expectancy in France at 81.1 years for women and 73.0 years for men in 1991
Complement in Human Diseases.
Authors: K. Frank Austen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Complement in Human Diseases.K. Frank Austen, M.D., F.A.C.P.K. Frank Austen, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-853_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe classical complement system consists of a group of nine distinct serum proteins that interact sequentially to mediate certain effects of antigen-antibody reactions. In addition, there is an alternate pathway for activation of the terminal six proteins of this reaction sequence. Whereas activation of the classical pathway may be more evident in certain clinical circumstances, activation by the alternate route predominates under others. In either event, this effector system of the inflammatory response is characterized by a positive feedback leading to amplification of the inflammatory response. Whereas genetic deletions of a protein in this reaction sequence are not necessarily associated... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 853-853KeywordsAntigensComplement systemGeneticsProteinsSerum proteins Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PTH-026 Predictors for all Cause Mortality following Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhoea
Authors: S Thayalasekaran, J Cuthbertson, V Subramanian
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Severe <i>Clostridium difficile</i> associated diarrhoea (CDAD) is an important nosocomial infection, often resulting in severe morbidity or death. The rates of CDAD have increased significantly in the last 2 decades, but predictors of outcome are poorly understood. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective cohort study was performed in patients with a diagnosis of CDAD hospitalised at Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust (LTHT) between January 2011 and December 2011. The data on these cases was collected from electronic patient records and medical notes. Data collected included general demographics, underlying medical conditions, Horn Index, Charlson co-morbidity score, clinical and laboratory data, and the medical treatment given. Death due to any cause either during that hospital stay or within 30 days of discharge from hospital was the primary outcome. Severe CDAD was defined according to the UK Health Protection Agency (HPA) guidelines as WCC &gt; 15 X 109/L, or an acute rising serum creatinine (i.e. &gt; 50% increase above baseline), or a temperature of &gt; 38.5°C, or evidence of severe colitis (abdominal or radiological signs). Logistic Regression analysis was used to identify parameters associated with mortality. SPSS version 17 (IBM Corp, NY) was used to perform the statistical analysis. <h3>Results</h3> There were 247 patients with a diagnosis of CDAD made in 2011 at LTHT of which 16 were wrongly coded, 5 were treated in the community, 12 had insufficient information in the notes and in 68 patients the medical notes could not be traced. A total of 170 episodes in 146 patients were finally analysed. There were 36 deaths in this group. Patients who were dead were older (mean age 78±12.9 vs 76.6±17.6). Independent predictors of mortality on multivariate analysis included age (OR 1.051, 95% CI 1.009–1.095), Charlson co-morbidity score of ≥3 (OR 3.036, 95% CI 1.209–7.622), Horn Index (Major or Extreme) (OR 4.725, 95% CI 1.818–12.283), Severe CDAD (OR 3.454, 95% CI 1.222–9.760) and in-appropriate treatment of severe CDAD with metronidazole as first line therapy (OR 4.642, 95% CI 1.213–19.193). Factors not found significant included gender, prior use of antibiotics, PPI use, opioid use, prior episodes of CDAD and treatment with vancomycin. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Predictors of all-cause mortality in patients with CDAD include older age, Charlson score≥3, Horn index ≥3, severe CDAD as defined by the UK HPA and in-appropriate use of metronidazole in severe CDAD. Patients with severe CDAD should not be treated with Metronidazole as first line therapy. Further prospective validation of these results is needed in a multicenter setting. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
The Artificial Kidney—Its Clinical Indications
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Schools
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical and Molecular Response in Core Binding Factor Acute Myelogenous Leukemia with Fludarabine, Cytarabine, G-CSF and Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin.
Authors: Gautam Borthakur, Stefan Faderl, Srdan Verstovsek, Dan Jones, Varsha Gandhi, Zeev Estrov, Susan O'Brien, Farhad Ravandi, Joyce Bass, Mark Brandt, Hagop Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2009)
Wrong heading on BMJ cover
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Stress and infection and the risk of an exacerbationCertain types of psychological stress can suppress immune reactions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections. 23This would confound the positive association we found between stress and exacerbations.However, we found no evidence of an increase in infections after stressful events in this study.Stress and infection were independently associated with the risk of exacerbation.It will not be easy to tackle these factors in individual patients, because infections and stressful events cannot simply be eradicated from patients' lives.The knowledge that stressful events are associated with disease activity adds important information to the limited insight that patients and their caregivers have on this unpredictable disease.We thank the late Monica van der Hoven, who performed secretarial and organisational tasks for this study, and to D Dippel for critical reading of the manuscript.
Randomization in Cancer Clinical Trials: Permutation Test and Development of a Computer Program
Authors: Yasuo Ohashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

When analyzing cancer clinical trial data where the treatment allocation is done using dynamic balancing methods such as the minimization method for balancing the distribution of important prognostic factors in each arm, conservativeness occurs if such a randomization scheme is ignored and a simple unstratified analysis is carried out. In this paper, the above conservativeness is demonstrated by computer simulation, and the development of a computer program that carries out permutation tests of the log-rank statistics for clinical trial data where the allocation is done by the minimization method or a stratified permuted block design is introduced. We are planning to use this program in practice to supplement a usual stratified analysis and model-based methods such as the Cox regression. The most serious problem in cancer clinical trials in Japan is how to carry out the quality control or data management in trials that are initiated and conducted by researchers without support from pharmaceutical companies. In the final section of this paper, one international collaborative work for developing international guidelines on data management in clinical trials of bladder cancer is briefly introduced, and the differences between the system adopted in US/European statistical centers and the Japanese system is described.
NON-PUERPERAL PHLEGMASIA DOLENS. TROUSSEAU'S SUGGESTION.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Investigating parent of origin effects (POE) and anticipation in Irish Lynch syndrome kindreds.
Authors: Michael P. Farrell, David J. Hughes, Jasmin Schmid, Philip S. Boonstra, Bhramar Mukherjee, Margaret B. Walshe, Padraic M. Mac Mathuna, Andrew J Green, David J. Gallagher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

1542 Background: Genetic diseases associated with dynamic mutations often display parent-of-origin effects (POE) in which the risk of disease depends on the sex of the parent from whom the disease allele was inherited. Genetic anticipation describes the progessively earlier onset and increased severity of disease in successive generations of a family. Previous studies have provided limited evidence for and against both POE effect and anticipation in Lynch syndrome (LS). We sought evidence for a specific POE effect and anticipation in Irish LS families. Methods: Affected parent-child pairs (APCPs) (N = 53) were evaluated from LS kindreds (N = 20) from two hospital-based registries and one cancer genetic centre. POE were investigated by studying the ages at diagnosis in the offspring of affected parent-child pairs. Anticipation was assessed by a paired t-test, and bivariate Huang and Vieland model. Results: See Table. Paired t-test revealed anticipation with children developing cancer mean 11.8 years earlier than parents, and 12.7 years using the Huang and Vieland model (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: These data demonstrate a similar age at diagnosis among all offspring of affected mothers that was indistinguishable from affected fathers. Affected sons of affected mothers were diagnosed with cancer almost 3 years younger than female offspring; however, this finding failed to reach statistical significance. Evidence of anticipation was suggested in this cohort, emphasizing the importance of early-onset screening. Addition LS families are under review and updated data will be presented at the meeting. [Table: see text]
"PROTECTION AGAINST LICE"
Authors: George Homan
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Objection from an influential source-medical, military and editorial—has been made to the use of fats for the inunction of troops in the trenches as a protection against body lice, as suggested by me inThe Journal, May 11, 1918, p. 1395, and space therefore is asked for reply. The proposal is held to be unworkable if applied to immense bodies of men as there are required, say, 50 tons of grease for an army of a million men; but this objection hardly meets the point made in my former note. It is assumed that troops on leaving training camps, etc., are free from external parasites. The infectious peril from lice lurks at the front wherever fatalities or casualties with severe shock among infested men occur, be they friend or foe. If a body of relieving troops should be thoroughly anointed just before quitting camp, and this performance
REPORT OF THE SURGEON GENERAL OF THE ARMY.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal