tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise and risk of major cardiovascular events in adult survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).
Authors: Lee Jones, Qi Liu, Gregory T. Armstrong, Kirsten K. Ness, Yutaka Yasui, Katie Devine, Emily Tonorezos, Luisa Soares-Miranda, Charles A. Sklar, Pamela S. Douglas, Leslie L. Robison, Kevin C. Oeffinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

10023 Background: Adult survivors of childhood Hodgkin’s lymphoma are at elevated risk of treatment-related major cardiovascular (CV) events. We investigated whether exercise modified this association in HL survivors participating in the CCSS. Methods: HL survivors (n=1,187), median age 31.2 (range 18.0-48.9 years) and free of CV disease at baseline completed a questionnaire evaluating vigorous-intensity exercise behavior over the past week. Subsequent CV events were collected in follow-up questionnaires and graded according to the CTCAE (v. 4.03). The primary end point was incidence of any major (grade 3 to 5) CV event. Secondary end points were incidence of grade 3 to 5 CV events [coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, valve replacement, arrhythmia, and CV death]. Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the association between exercise exposure [metabolic equivalent task-hrs.wk-1(MET)] and risk of major CV events after adjustment for important clinical covariates (age, smoking, education, CV risk factors, and baseline grade 3-4 health conditions) and cancer treatment (anthracycline exposure and chest radiation). Results: A total of 135 major CV events were reported after median follow-up of 11.9 (range 1.7 - 14.3) years. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, the incidence of any CV event declined across increasing MET categories (Ptrend=0.002). Compared with survivors reporting 0 METs, the adjusted RR for any CV event was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.56 to 1.34) for 3 to 6 METs, 0.45 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.80) for 9 to 12 METs, and 0.47 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.95) for 15 to 21 METs. A similar pattern was observed for the incidence of CAD (adjusted Ptrend=0.005). The cumulative incidence of any CV event was 12.2% at 10 years for survivors reporting 0 METs, compared to 5.2% for those reporting ≥9 METs. Adherence to national exercise guidelines (i.e., ≥9 METs) was associated with a 51% reduction in the risk of any CV event, in comparison with not meeting the guidelines (p=0.002). Conclusions: Vigorous exercise reduces the incidence of CV events in a dose-dependent mannerbeyond CV risk profile and treatment exposure in adult survivors of childhood HL.
Inhibition of procoagulant activity of human monocytes by chenodeoxycholic acid: Involvement of protein kinase C
Authors: P Podevin
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Endogenous bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid have been shown to display a suppressive effect in vitro on mononuclear cell activation. We investigated the signal transduction pathway involved in the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on monocyte procoagulant activity, a model of monocyte activation. Chenodeoxycholic acid (25 to 250 μmol/L) had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on procoagulant activity expressed by endotoxin-stimulated mononuclear cells, with half-maximal and maximal inhibition occurring at concentrations of 100 and 250 μmol/L, respectively. The inhibitory effect of chenodeoxycholic acid was (a) closely mimicked by 4β-phorbol 12β-myristate 13α-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, but not by forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, two activators of the protein kinase A-dependent pathway; (b) prevented by staurosporine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor; (c) partially abolished in protein kinase C-depleted cells; and (d) observed in conditions under which chenodeoxycholic acid, like PMA, significantly increased (41%) protein kinase C activity, as assessed by phosphorylation of exogenous (histone III-S) and endogenous (37-kD protein) substrates. In conclusion, our results (a) provide clear evidence of a marked inhibitory effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on monocyte activation, suggesting a potential role of primary endogenous bile acids in the immune defect associated with cholestasis; and (b) indicate that the inhibition of monocyte activation by chenodeoxycholic acid is mediated by way of protein kinase C activation (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1164–1170.)
Effect of manual percussion on tracheobronchial clearance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction and excessive tracheobronchial secretion.
Authors: D Currie, P Cole
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Effect of manual percussion on tracheobronchial clearance in patients with chronic airflow obstruction and excessive tra- cheobronchial secretion SIR,-Objective assessment of the effectiveness of the various components of chest physiotherapy is important, so we were interested to read the paper of Dr CP van der Schans and others (June 1986;41:448-52).The paper concludes that manual percussion has a very limited role in patients with chronic airflow obstruction and is in agreement with pre- viously published work, not referred to by the authors.i 2 Contrary to the authors' interpretation of their results, they have presented no proof that manual percussion alone improves tracheobronchial clearance in their patients.There was no "control" day in their study when patients lay hori- zontally in a supine position for 50 minutes without manual percussion.The effect of this "control" manoeuvre, which may in itself affect the clearance curve, is unknown.Sec- ondly, the different study regimens differ by more than sim- ply the inclusion or omission of manual percussion or postural drainage.The treatment regimens, including pos- tural drainage, began 10 minutes earlier than the regimen with manual percussion alone.Moreover, the duration of percussion when combined with postural drainage lasted only five minutes, compared with 10 minutes in the regimen with manual percussion alone.
Medical Terminology
Authors: Hugh C. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am heavily involved in this area in Arizona, and have been uncomfortable with the titles given both to nurses functioning in extended roles, and to physician's assistants. For instance, the Indian Health Service calls their physician's assistants "Community Health Medics." Certainly, physician's assistants is not an ideal term, and can quickly be twisted into "assistant physician" by those opposed to the idea. On the other hand, it seems to be rather widely accepted, and it also adequately describes the relationship between the physician and the person working with him, something which today seems very important, at least to doctors. I would, therefore, favor the retention of the term "physician's assistant," even though it is not ideal. "Medex" and "paramedics" are, as far as I can see, much worse.
Trends in Screening for Colorectal Cancer--United States, 1997 and 1999
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. An estimated 135,400 new cases and 56,700 deaths from colorectal cancer are expected during 2001. Since the mid-1990s, national guidelines have recommended that persons aged >50 years at average risk for colorectal cancer should have screening tests regularly. To estimate rates for the use of colorectal cancer screening tests and to evaluate trends in test use, CDC analyzed data from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) on the use of a home administered fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy, and then compared them with similar data from 1997. The findings in this report indicate that the proportion of the U.S. population that has been screened remains low. In 1999, 44% of BRFSS respondents reported receiving FOBT and/or sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy within the recommended period compared with approximately 41% reporting FOBT and/or sigmoidoscopy/proctoscopy within the recommended period in 1997. Efforts to address barriers and to promote the use of colorectal cancer screening should be intensified.
Renal Transplantation
Authors: H. Ming, T. John
Journal: BMJ (2014)

copyrighted material, used by arrangement with john wiley & sons limited. for personal use only, must not be reproduced or shared with third parties. anyone wishing to reproduce this content in whole or in part, in print or in electronic format, should contact digitalrightsuk@wiley.com browse the abc series at www.wiley.com ### Overview
DISCREPANCY BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY BODY
Authors: E. H. R.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Editorial1 June 1937DISCREPANCY BETWEEN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY BODYE. H. R.E. H. R.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-12-1901 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptVan Dycke recently has written a book, "The Physiology and Pharmacology of the Pituitary Body," during the course of which he reviewed more than 5,000 articles. The bibliography fills 200 pages and yet contains but few references to clinical articles. What is most amazing is that practically all of these articles were written within the past 15 years. So many articles are being published in this field that it is virtually impossible for any practicing physician to keep informed regarding this rapidly accumulating knowledge. He is forced to rely on reviews, most of which are very good but all of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1937Volume 10, Issue 12Page: 1901-1902KeywordsClinical pharmacologyPharmacology ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 150: Irisin Enhances Cardiac Progenitor Cell-induced Cardiac Repair in the Infarcted Heart
Authors: Yu T Zhao, Hao Wang, Patrycja Dubielecka-Szczerba, Ting C Zhao
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Background: Our recent evidence has demonstrated that irisin, a newly identified cardiokine, is important for the development of cardiac protection. We and others have shown that engraftment of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) into infarcted hearts led to myocardium regeneration and neovascularization. The purpose of this study is aimed at investigating the functional role of irisin, a cardiokine, in facilitating engrafted Nkx2.5/CPCs to promote cardiac repair and preserve cardiac performance in infarcted hearts. Methods: Nkx2.5 CSCs were isolated from mouse embryonic stem cells and re-introduced into the infarcted myocardium in which the mouse MI model was created by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Nkx.2.5 CPCs were treated with or without irisin (5 ng/ml) for 24 hours to precondition CPCs. CPCs were transplanted into the infarcted heart through the pegylated fibrin delivery approach. Myocardial functions were evaluated by serial echocardiographic measurements. Histological analysis was employed to assess newly formed cardiogenesis and cardiac remodeling. Results: Eight weeks after engraftment, the retention of CPCs in the infarcted heart was increased significantly following pegylated fibrin delivery of CPCs as compared to the direct injection of cells. Engrafted CPCs demonstrated newly formed and proliferative cardiomyocyte structures, which was enhanced by treatment with irisin. Echocardiography showed improvements in ventricular function following the engraftment of CPCs, which was promoted by irisin in association with the attenuation of remodeling. Conclusion: Our results indicate that irisin-promoted, CPC-derived cardiac regeneration improves the restoration of cardiac function in infarcted hearts, suggesting that irisin holds promise in developing a potentially new therapeutic strategy in myocardial repair and suppressing remodeling.
Associations of alpha and gamma-tocopherol during early life with lung function in childhood
Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Ryan Ferrie, Lauren Balmert, Matthew Kienzle, Sheryl Rifas-Shiman, Diane Gold, Joanne Sordillo, Ken Kleinman, Carlos Camargo, Augusto Litonjua, Emily Oken, Joan Cook-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2020)
Latent schistosomiasis.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

daily, one with a bacteriostatic detergent and the other with a shampoo.They tested the comedogenic effect of soaps and shampoos on rabbits' ears and found that seven out of 21 soaps and 10 out of 18 shampoos had some effect, usually slight.They did not produce acne experimentally in man, and they acknowledge that the rabbit's ear may not reflect accurately what happens in patients, but nevertheless they believe on clinical grounds that acne detergicans exists as a rare phenomenon among obsessional washers.They also suggest that washing may play an important part in aggrava- ting acne vulgaris in the less obsessional.In any case, they argue, washing does little to help acne vulgaris and it is not an important part of treatment-an opinion with which not all dermatologists would agree.Be that as it may, their suggestion needs to be taken seriously, since it is clearly undesirable to recommend any form of treatment in acne vulgaris that can give rise to comedones.We should, perhaps, advise washing in acne vulgaris only in moderation and tell our patients to avoid soaps and other detergents that contain halogenated bacteriostatic agents, especially hexachlorophane, which the authors found to be more comedogenic than the other bac- teriostatics tested.
Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: R Michael Tuttle, Douglas W Ball, David Byrd, Raza A Dilawari, Gerard M Doherty, Quan-Yang Duh, Hormoz Ehya, William B Farrar, Robert I Haddad, Fouad Kandeel, Richard T Kloos, Peter Kopp, Dominick M Lamonica, Thom R Loree, William M Lydiatt, Judith C McCaffrey, John A Olson, Lee Parks, John A Ridge, Jatin P Shah, Steven I Sherman, Cord Sturgeon, Steven G Waguespack, Thomas N Wang, Lori J Wirth
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2010)
Bailey and Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology
Authors: Josephine A. Morello
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Although the seventh edition of this popular textbook bears the same title as previous editions, the organization and contents are different. Presumably, many of the changes are the work of a new coauthor, the seventh since this book originated almost half a century ago as a laboratory manual entitled<i>Methods for Diagnostic Bacteriology</i>. During this time, the text has evolved from a short, simple guide for isolating and identifying pathogenic bacteria in the clinical laboratory to the current version that covers not only the conventional laboratory aspects of microbial identification, but also nontraditional methods (monoclonal antibodies, DNA probes, and automation), microbial pathogenesis, epidemiology, and some aspects of laboratory administration (including an excellent discussion of diagnosis related groups and where responsibilities for cost-containment lie). The resulting, almost encyclopedic, coverage of the field is impressive in its breadth, but this tome is no longer the small, handy book that the bench technologist
PUERPERAL SEPTICÆMIA.
Authors: THEOPHILUS PARVIN
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, American Medical Association, May, 1884. Pajot has said that the term puerperal fever ought to be consigned to the museum of antiquities. Certainly the profession generally replace it by puerperal septicæmia, a disease analogous to surgical septicæmia. It can be defined an acute, contagious, febrile disease affecting women in childbed. This definition may seem to some not broad enough, for it does not include cases where the unborn infant is affected with a septic peritonitis, or where the undelivered woman has the disease, or where nurses attending cases of puerperal fever are attacked; and those still more extraordinary cases reported nearly 40 years ago by Mr. Storrs, where male subjects were affected by the poison of this disease, and died with peritonitis and pleuritis. But whether the facts referred to have been, as suggested by some, badly observed, or whether they
Quantitative Measurement of Cephalic Blood Flow in the Monkey: A Study of Vascular Occlusion in the Neck Using Electromagnetic Flowmeters
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myopia and Dental Caries
Authors: Joseph H. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We were surprised to find the relationship between dental caries and myopia. Although surprising, it is, however, a statistically valid correlation. The pathogenesis of caries have been more completely clarified with regard to involvement of enamel. Caries development relating to cementum has not fully been explored. Keyes<sup>1</sup>in a review made note of experimental work which showed almost simultaneous loss of mineral and organic constituents. We are certainly in agreement that the explanation for our findings is not obvious. We have postulated one explanation which we would gladly discard for another, less speculative.
Bronchial smooth muscle remodeling involves calcium-dependent enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis in asthma
Authors: Thomas Trian, Giovanni Benard, Hugues Begueret, Rodrigue Rossignol, Pierre-Olivier Girodet, Debajyoti Ghosh, Olga Ousova, Jean-Marc Vernejoux, Roger Marthan, José-Manuel Tunon-de-Lara, Patrick Berger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by different patterns of airway remodeling, which all include an increased mass of bronchial smooth muscle (BSM). A remaining major question concerns the mechanisms underlying such a remodeling of BSM. Because mitochondria play a major role in both cell proliferation and apoptosis, we hypothesized that mitochondrial activation in BSM could play a role in this remodeling. We describe that both the mitochondrial mass and oxygen consumption were higher in the BSM from asthmatic subjects than in that from both COPD and controls. This feature, which is specific to asthma, was related to an enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis through up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha, nuclear respiratory factor-1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A. The priming event of such activation was an alteration in BSM calcium homeostasis. BSM cell apoptosis was not different in the three groups of subjects. Asthmatic BSM was, however, characterized by increased cell growth and proliferation. Both characteristics were completely abrogated in mitochondria-deficient asthmatic BSM cells. Conversely, in both COPD and control BSM cells, induction of mitochondrial biogenesis reproduced these characteristics. Thus, BSM in asthmatic patients is characterized by an altered calcium homeostasis that increases mitochondrial biogenesis, which, in turn, enhances cell proliferation, leading to airway remodeling.
News Beyond Our Pages
Authors: Marc E. Rothenberg, Harold S. Nelson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)

Kleinman et al (Nature 2008; Mar 23 [epub ahead of print]) defined an important characteristic of small interfering RNA (siRNA) relevant to siRNA therapeutic intervention for blinding choroidal neovascularization. Two current investigational siRNA products targeted to specific receptors critical to endothelial vascularization were developed on the idea of gene silencing by intracellular RNA interference. This mechanism was thought to be based on receptor targeting that shuttled the siRNA intracellularly to effect an RNA interference response that downregulated vascularization growth factor.
The Adolescent in the Family: A Study of Personality Development in the Home Environment
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perinatal Nephropathies
Authors: James E. Gibson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The purpose of this paper is to review the development of the mammalian kidney and to assess the influence that various perinatal manipulations may have on the developmental process either morphologically or functionally. Immature kidneys in general have less functional capacity than adult kidneys and a low rate of glomerular filtration, perhaps related to renal blood flow, which appears to limit the disposition of a fluid or solute load. Tubular reabsorption is also limited leading to the urinary loss of glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate and phosphate. Although the relatively low function of the immature kidney is a normal part of development, its capacity to respond under conditions of stress may be less adequate than in adults. An additional concern is that a variety of perinatal manipulations, such as the incidental or accidental ingestion of a chemical, may lead to varying degrees of altered morphogenesis or functional development of the kidney. Chemical induced renal anomalies may be of several types, but in typical teratology experiments hydronephrosis may be the most frequent observation. The functional consequences of these renal malformations may be lethal or inconsequential or while an animal may be able to survive and develop normally in the presence of a renal malformation, it is possible that a stressful situation would unmask a functional malformation which could compromise survival. Thus, some renal abnormalities may be subtle enough to go unnoticed without experimental tests. Without such tests it is impossible to evaluate the effect of functional alterations on successful adaptation.