tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Techniques for Assessment of Teratogenic Effects: Developmental Enzyme Patterns
Authors: F. D. Andrew
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Most studies designed for assessing teratogenic effects focus on only three of four types of final manifestations of abnormal development; namely intrauterine death, malformations, and growth retardation. Developmental toxicity evaluations generally do not include functional deficits. Current techniques are inadequate for assessing functional capability during perinatal development, and there is a need for improved measures. Thus, measurement of developmental enzyme patterns is proposed as an approach that directly evaluates acquisition of metabolic competence of fundamental organ systems. During ontogenesis most organs acquire their full complement of enzyme activities in a programmed sequence which corresponds to attainment of complete functional capability. The usual alterations in enzyme activity that characterize these patterns occur at one of three time periods, namely, late fetal, early neonatal, or late suckling. Qualitative or quantitative changes in these patterns at any time by one or more key enzymes of a tissue could be indicative of developmental toxicity. Factors are outlined relating to consideration of developmental enzyme profiles as indices of maturation capable of reflecting the action of toxic agents. This presentation: (1) reviews the current state of the art for evaluating effects on development, (2) considers the applicability of enzyme patterns for biochemical assessment of development, (3) characterizes the target tissues and those metabolic pathways and/or specific enzymes most sensitive and adaptable to practical toxicity evaluations, and (4) describes the steps being taken to validate this system. The ultimate objective of this approach is to determine whether alterations in developmental enzyme profiles will provide a technique with improved capability for assessing developmental toxicity.
Tracking tuberculosis
Authors: A. B. Bloch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We agree with Dr Bellin's support of national tuberculosis (TB) surveillance and the views that drug-resistant TB and the failure of patients to complete therapy are major concerns requiring immediate action.<sup>1</sup>Information on all 44 notifiable conditions reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is provided for statistical purposes only and includes no personal identifiers. If patients and health care providers are to continue to cooperate with national disease surveillance, they need to be reassured of the confidentiality of the information collected. For two of the conditions reported to the CDC (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [HIV/AIDS] and TB) patients are also protected by an assurance of confidentiality under §308(d) of the Public Health Service Act, which prohibits disclosure of any information that could be used directly or indirectly to identify patients. Reasons for this safeguard for TB and HIV/ AIDS surveillance include
Origin of penicillinase.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The competing claims of staffing for service needs and for training are considered in some detail, particularly in the appendix on surgery.Since only a fraction of S.H.O.s and registrars in any specialty will eventually become consultants in that specialty, alternative careers must be offered.In the case of surgery, for example, it is suggested that about half the registrar posts should be earmarked for the training of future consultant surgeons in the N.H.S.This would maintain a ratio of registrars to senior registrars of about 5: 4. The remaining surgical posts would be filled by Commonwealth trainees and trainees for general practice.This pattern is worthy of serious consideration.The report is both realistic and practical.It deals largely with existing institutes, facilities, manpower, and staffing structure, and it suggests how we may make the best use of what we now have.For this reason the role of the teaching hospital is given most prominence and that of community medicine the least.The stimulus it offers to new developments in patterns of patient care is welcome.It expects that, before long, registration of specialists (which would include general practitioners) will be introduced as outlined in the 1967 Recommendations of the G.M.C.4 and suggests that active steps should be taken now to bring this about.
Immunologic aspects of diseases of the eye
Authors: M. H. Friedlaender
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE EYE may be the target of allergic inflammation in a variety of systemic immunologic conditions. Ocular signs and symptoms can often be the most striking and disabling aspects of such diseases. The eye also is affected by several local conditions in which immunologic mechanisms are thought to play a significant role. Major structures of the eye are illustrated in Fig 10-1. Immunologically mediated diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, the cornea, and the uveal tract and retina are discussed in the following sections. <h3>DISEASES OF THE SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE EYE Allergic Conjunctivitis</h3> Many patients with allergic rhinitis have red, itchy, watery eyes. This form of conjunctivitis, known simply as<i>allergic conjunctivitis</i>, is an IgE-mediated reaction in which conjunctival mast cells participate. As in allergic rhinitis, preformed mediators such as histamine are released from mast-cell cytoplasmic granules while arachidonic acid metabolites (prostaglandins and leukotrienes) are synthesized
Le nystagmus vestibulaire et les réactions de mouvements.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Social adversity is associated with psychiatric problems in Brazilian children
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Pelvic floor exercises help prevent postnatal incontinenceAdvice and training in pelvic floor exercises and bladder control can reduce the incidence of persistent urinary incontinence after childbirth.Postnatal urinary incontinence affects around 30% of women and, without treatment, can persist for at least a year in two thirds of them.In a large randomised controlled trial of conservative management provided by nurses Glazener and colleagues (p 593) found that the risk of both urinary and faecal incontinence was reduced at 12 months after delivery.
Conditional Knockout of Sox4 Markedly Affects B Lymphopoiesis in Adult Mice.
Authors: Baohua Sun, Saradhi Mallampati, Yun Gong, Donghai Wang, M. James You, Hesham M. Amin, Yupo Ma, Klaus Rajewsky, Veronique Lefebvre, Xiaoping Sun
Journal: Blood (2009)
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Paul B. Magnuson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

VETERANS ADMINISTRATION FEE GUIDESIn order to give the subject of fee guidance schedules widespread publicity, the chief medical director of the Veterans Administration has requested that the following letter be reprinted in the various state journals. It first appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association, May 22, 1948.H. Quimby Gallupe, Secretary Dr. Morris FishbeinEditor, the Journal of the American Medical Association 535 North Dearborn StreetChicago, IllinoisDear Dr. Fishbein:It has come to my attention that considerable misunderstanding has developed throughout the medical profession concerning the establishment of fees for medical services to be . . .
Is adjuvant oxaliplatin (Ox) overutilized in colon cancer (CC)? 408 cases from the practices of 102 oncologists.
Authors: Neil Love, Axel Grothey, Alan Paul Venook, Atif Mahmoud Hussein, Jonathan Moss, Kathryn Ziel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

479 Background: Recent long-term clinical trial follow-up suggests that adding Ox to a fluoropyrimidine (FP) may provide less benefit in adjuvant CC than originally believed (Tournigand JCO 2012). In addition, emerging data on tissue biomarkers such as microsatellite mismatch repair (MMR) and the 12-gene Recurrence Score (RS) suggest these assays may be helpful in better defining treatment benefit, and a new report provides evidence that RS may specifically predict the value of Ox. (O’Connell ASCO 2012) In view of these developments we sought to document current use of adjuvant chemotherapy and physician perceptions about these decisions. Methods: US-based oncologists were recruited to complete a survey and contribute treatment data for their last 3 patients (pts) with stage II disease and last pt with a stage III tumor. Results: 25 gastrointestinal cancer clinical investigators and 77 practicing oncologists participated, providing data from a total of 408 cases (92% treated since 2011). Findings from the 2 groups are similar and are presented in aggregate. A median of 9 and 15 pts annually were evaluated with stage II and III tumors, respectively. Clinicians stated that they require a median of a 5% absolute reduction in relapse rate to use a FP alone and an additional 5% reduction to add Ox. Ox/FP was administered to 95 of 102 pts with stage III tumors (93%) and 85 of 306 pts with stage II disease (28%), particularly to those under age 70 or with T4 tumors (Table). MMR was evaluated in 127 pts (42%) with stage II and 20 pts (20%) with stage III disease. RS was obtained for 46 pts (15%) with stage II tumors, but only 2 pts (2%) with stage III. Conclusions: Adjuvant Ox is employed extensively in spite of the fact that it may provide less benefit than many oncologists report requiring to initiate its use. However, several recent research developments may be laying the groundwork for a change in this treatment practice. [Table: see text]
SOME PROBLEMS OF WARTIME NEUROLOGY
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New plasminogen activator a patent hope for MI victims
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A little-known substance called tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been used to dissolve blood clots in various vessels of at least 15 patients in Europe and the United States. Plasminogen activators are enzymes that trigger a series of events leading to the breakup of blood clots—particularly important in the coronary arteries. The two best-known exogenous plasminogen activators are streptokinase and urokinase (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1982;248:805-811). Now these two have been joined by t-PA. The latter's clinical use in an initial seven patients was revealed at a Houston symposium on Interventional Modifications in Coronary Artery Disease, sponsored by the Texas Heart Institute, by Désiré Collen, MD, PhD, of the University of Leuven, Belgium. All vessels treated were still patent, he said. There are now informal reports that recanalization has also been achieved in at least eight other patients. Collen spoke of clinical work involving the seven patients, without elaborating further, during
Surgery
Authors: Claude H. Organ
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The impact of molecular biology during 1991 has attained increased importance in the understanding of processes affecting and caused by surgical procedures. Unresectable tumors and the inability of the body to cope with diseased tissues that continue to perform normal functions still require extirpation. Prevention of complications induced by surgical intervention, such as postoperative infection, is beginning to be understood. Parekh et al<sup>1</sup>reported in experimental animals that FOY-305, which stimulates the release of endogenous cholecystokinin, caused both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of pancreatic remnants following distal pancreatectomy. If this can be duplicated in humans, it could have significant implications for patients undergoing pancreatectomy or in patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. Cheadle et al<sup>2</sup>confirmed that peripheral blood monocytes HLA-DR are a reliable marker for clinically significant surgical infections. Clarification of the deficits associated with this marker may open up new methods of prophylaxis and treatment for surgically related
Factors Influencing Susceptibility to Metals
Authors: Michael Gochfeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Although the long-neglected field of human susceptibility to environmental toxicants is currently receiving renewed attention, there is only scant literature on factors influencing susceptibility to heavy metals.Genetic factors may influence the availability of sulfhydryl-containing compounds such as glutathione and metallothionein, which modify the distribution and toxicity of certain metals.Age and gender play a role in modifying uptake and distribution, although the mechanisms are often obscure.Concurrent exposure to divalent cations may enhance or reduce the toxicity of certain metals through competition for receptor-mediated transport or targets.Increasing use of biomarkers of exposure should greatly increase our understanding of the underlying distribution of susceptibility to various environmental agents.
The use of inflatable plastic splints
Authors: M. Ginsberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE INFLATABLE plastic splint, which surrounds the extremity including the digits, is a good first aid measure for the immobilization of fractures but, when applied with an air pressure exceeding certain limits, may occlude the lumen of the small blood vessels of the digits. The risk of occlusion of the blood vessels becomes even greater in an extremity in which the blood supply is already impaired by disease or trauma. Effective immobilization of an extremity obtained by too high an air pressure may unwittingly lead to necrosis of the digits. A visual demonstration of the effect of various levels of air pressure on the circulation of the great toe was deemed advisable, therefore, to determine a safe but effective pressure for immobilization. Five normal individuals were studied and the results were similar. The results obtained in the reported instance are characteristic of all. <h3>Methods</h3> A transparent, inflatable plastic boot
Progress Toward Global Dracunculiasis Eradication, June 2002
Journal: JAMA (2002)

In 1986, when the World Health Assembly first adopted a resolution calling for the eradication of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease), an estimated 3.5 million persons in 20 countries had the disease, and approximately 120 million persons were at risk for infection. By December 2001, annual incidence of dracunculiasis had decreased approximately 98%, and seven countries (Cameroon, Chad, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Senegal, and Yemen) in which dracunculiasis had been endemic previously had eliminated the disease. This report describes the status of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program (DEP) as of June 2002. The findings indicate that DEP has succeeded in reducing incidence of dracunculiasis substantially; the disease can be eradicated if the remaining 13 countries in which it is endemic detect and contain transmission from the final cases.
RARE-18. DETECTION, MOLECULAR PROFILING AND CULTURE OF CSF-CTCs IN LEPTOMENINGEAL DISEASE (LMDz) IN MELANOMA
Authors: Brittany Evernden, Rajappa Kenchappa, John Puskas, Elena Ryzhova, Gisela Caceres, Inna Fedorenko, Nam D. Tran, Arnold B. Etame, Solmaz Sahebjam, Anthony Magliocco, Keiran Smalley, Peter Forsyth
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

LMDz from melanoma occurs in ~5% of patients and is universally fatal. We undertook this study to determine if the diagnosis and personalized treatment could be improved using a Veridex CellSearch® technology adapted to enumerate CTCs from the blood/CSF, then use cell free DNA and the culture of CTCs for experimental therapeutics. Blood/CSF-CTCs were detected by adapting the Veridex CellSearch® system and using CELLTRACKS circulating melanoma cell kit. We used anti-CD146 for detecting melanoma cells, anti-CD34-APC for endothelial cells, anti-CD45-APC for leukocytes, DAPI for cell nucleus and anti-p75NTR. Both cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and cell-associated DNA (caDNA) were extracted and sequenced with TruSight Tumor 26 panel, Illumina Inc and then profiled in MelaCarta MassArray System. Serum & CSF-CTCs- We studied 7 patients with definite LMDz and compared these to 6 melanoma patients without LMDz. All 7 patients with definite LMDz (100%) had CSF-CTCs (range, 23-3055 CTCs/ml); 4/5 (80%) of patients expressed p75. In contrast, 1/6 (16.7%) of melanoma patients without LMDz/MBMs had CSF-CTCs detected. Serum CTCs were detected in 1/7 (14%) patients with LMDz at 0.4/ml and in 1/6 (16.7%) patients with melanoma but without LMDz/MBMs at 7/ml. PROFILING of CSF-CTCs- Two LMDz patients tested showed GNAQ Q209P mutation (uveal melanoma) a NRAS Q61R mutation, typical of mucosal melanoma (nasal melanoma). For CSF profiling, both cell free DNA (cfDNA) and caDNAs were obtained and uncovered the NRAS Q61R mutation. EX VIVO CULTURE OF CSF-CTCs- We successfully cultured 1/4 (25%) CSF CTCs in vitro. Cells were cultured in human stem cell media with EGF and FGF. These results indicate the potential value of CSF as a biopsy surrogate for assessing genetic makeup of CSF malignancies. Future directions involve the single cell analysis of CSF-CTCs, in vitro drug screens and in vivo LMDz models.
REPRINTS OF ATLANTIC CITY PROCEEDINGS.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Akt Activation Confers an Inferior Survival in Patients with Activated B-Cell Subtype of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Report from the International DLBCL Rituximab-CHOP Consortium Program
Authors: Qi Shen, Zijun Yidan Xu-Monette, Ganiraju Manyam, Carlo Visco, Alexander Tzankov, Xin Cao, Lijuan Deng, Santiago Montes-Moreno, Karen Dybkær, April Chiu, Attilio Orazi, Youli Zu, Govind Bhagat, Kristy L. Richards, Eric D. Hsi, William Choi, Joannes H.J.M. Van Krieken, Jooryung Huh, Maurilio Ponzoni, Andres J.M. Ferreri, John P. Farnen, Michael B. Møller, Jane N. Winter, Miguel Angel A. Piris, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Ken H. Young
Journal: Blood (2014)
Immunological Memory
Authors: D Gray
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1993)

The past five or six years has seen a resurgence of interest in immunological memory. Areas in which important advances have been made of late or in which problems in understanding persist are covered here: (i) Selection of virgin B cells for entry into the peripheral pool. (ii) Expression of immunoglobulin isotypes and other markers on memory B cells. (iii) Development of memory B cells as a separate lineage from primary response B cells. (iv) Sites of production of memory B cells. (v) Signals that rescue mutating B cells in germinal centers, forming the basis of affinity selection, and programming further differentiation. (vi) The myriad markers of memory T cells, in particular CD45R isoforms. (vii) Selective migration pathways of memory T cells and its possible molecular basis. (viii) The lifespan of memory cells and factors that influence their long-term survival. The data accumulated during this period which have vastly increased our understanding of memory have at the same time highlighted unresolved problems that could block further progress in the field. The thorny question that we cannot at present answer is: How does a memory cell differ from an activated cell and, in the case of T cells, from an effector cell? The problem bears on the interpretation of any study that sets out to correlate memory phenotype with memory function. Immunologists may have donned an intellectual straitjacket in their search for the memory cell.