tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Finasteride
Authors: Alastair J.J. Wood, Roger S. Rittmaster
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Testosterone, the principal circulating androgen, acts directly in many tissues. To be active in the prostate and skin, testosterone must be converted to dihydrotestosterone by the enzyme 5α-reductase (Figure 1). Most dihydrotestosterone in the prostate arises from testicular precursors, although some arises from adrenal precursors1. In women, although the relative ovarian and adrenal contributions to intracellular dihydrotestosterone are unknown, the two organs contribute equally to testosterone production2. Finasteride is one of several inhibitors of 5α-reductase that have recently been developed. These drugs selectively block dihydrotestosterone production and androgen action in the prostate and skin. Finasteride (Proscar) has been . . .
Lancet, London
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Detection of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts in Human Lung
Authors: Ainsley Weston, Elise D. Bowman, Peter G. Shields, Glennwood E. Trivers, Miriam C. Poirier, Regina M. Santella, David K. Manchester
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy has been combined with immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) and HPLC to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts and measure r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE)-DNA adducts in human tissues and cells. A monoclonal antibody (8E11) that recognizes a range of PAH-DNA adducts, but not chemically unrelated adducts, was used to prepare IAC columns. Samples of DNA (25 from human lung and 8 positive and negative controls) were hydrolyzed enzymically and subjected to IAC. Adducts captured by the antibodies and eluted in NaOH (50 mM) were analyzed for fluorescent properties. The spectral fluorescence excitation-emission matrices suggested the presence of mixtures of PAH-DNA adducts in some of the eluates. The eluates were subsequently hydrolyzed with acid (HCl, 0.1 N, 3 hr) and reanalyzed by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy using a wavelength differential of 34 nm. In 6 of the 25 human lung DNA samples, materials with HPLC retention times identical to benzo[a]pyrene-7,10/8,9-tetrahydrotetrol were found to have fluorescence characteristics indistinguishable from pyrene. Comparisons with appropriate standards indicated that BPDE-DNA adduct levels were between 1 and 40 adducts in 10(8) unmodified nucleotides. No correlation was observed between lung DNA-adduct levels and measures of recent smoking (serum cotinine), but tissue samples taken from different portions of the same lungs showed variation in the DNA adduct levels detected. This finding complicates interpretation of the data and has important implications for the design of future experiments.
Hypercalcemia due to hypervitaminosis A
Authors: G. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Symptoms of hypercalcemia and of hypervitaminosis A were found in an 18-year-old woman who had been taking 150,000 units of vitamin A daily for acne over a period of more than three years. Serum vitamin A blood levels were elevated. A radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone was normal. Hypercalcemia and symptoms of hypervitaminosis A disappeared on treatment with saline infusions and furosemide orally. We were able to find only three previously reported cases of hypervitaminosis A as a cause of hypercalcemia.
JAMA 75 YEARS AGO
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control
Authors: Stuart M. Polly
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The second edition of<i>Bacterial Infections of Humans</i>is dedicated to Harry A. Feldman, MD, coeditor of the first edition. He died in 1985 and was replaced as coeditor by Philip S. Brachman. Dr Feldman's chapter on meningococcal infections remains essentially intact but has been updated by Robert S. Baltimore. This text was originally conceived as a companion volume to<i>Viral Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control</i>, and this edition continues in this role. The format of the two volumes is identical, each chapter having 12 units: introduction, historical background, methodology, biological characteristics of the organism, descriptive epidemiology, mechanisms and routes of transmission, pathogenesis and immunity, patterns of host response, control and prevention, unresolved problems, references, and suggested readings. The book is designed to fill the gap between texts on basic bacteriology and clinical infectious diseases. Part I ("Introduction and Concepts") consists of two chapters, one each by coeditors Evans
Long-term management of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and concomitant topical corticosteroids (LIBERTY AD CHRONOS): a critical appraisal
Authors: J. Thomson, A.G.H. Wernham, H.C. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Summary Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The mainstay of treatment is daily moisturiser and anti-inflammatory cream, usually topical corticosteroid (TCS). Immune-suppressive medicines, used in severe cases, can cause adverse effects (unwanted side effects). Last year a trial of a new immune-suppressive treatment for AD called dupilumab was published in The Lancet. Here, dermatologists from Nottingham in the UK critically review that study. The industry-sponsored research examined the long-term efficacy and safety of dupilumab, a “biologic” medicine that selectively suppresses immune cells involved in AD. The randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was carried out across 161 clinics internationally. Dupilumab 300mg was injected in adults with moderate to severe AD, weekly (319 patients) or fortnightly (106 patients), for 52 weeks All patients, including 315 given placebo, continued to use TCS as required. The researchers found that dupilumab + TCS was well tolerated (meaning patients were able to stay on the treatment) and improved AD more than TCS alone but was associated with more adverse effects (particularly conjunctivitis). No difference in efficacy was reported between weekly and fortnightly injections. This was generally a well-conducted study, but the reviewers had some reservations. More participants were recruited than could be justified statistically: this suggests “seeding”, that is widespread testing to promote familiarity and confidence in the drug. The reviewers’ re-analysis showed that fortnightly dosing was more effective than weekly, at half the cost. Most participants had moderate AD, but biologics are usually reserved for patients with severe disease. The comparison could have been with another systemic immune-suppressant rather than placebo. These factors may bias conclusions in favour of the drug.
Low dose penicillin for gonococcal arthritis. A comparative therapy trial
Authors: D. E. Trentham
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Sixty-three patients with gonococcal arthritis completed a double-blind randomized penicillin therapy trial comparing a low dose regimen (procaine penicillin G, 600,000 units intramuscularly, given every 12 hours for up to ten days) with a high dose (the same procaine penicillin regimen and intravenous aqueous penicillin G, 10 million units daily, for the first three days). Pretherapy features were similar in the 36 patients allocated to low-dose vs the 27 to high-dose therapy. All patients had definite improvement within 48 hours of the initiation of either regimen. No therapeutic response variable studied differed significantly between the groups. Thus, no additional therapeutic benefit accrued from the high doses of penicillin. The absence of complications or failures in either treatment group indicate that gonococcal arthritis is ordinarily quite responsive to low doses of penicillin given intramuscularly, and that massive intravenous therapy is unnecessary. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2410-2412, 1976)
Abstract P044: Male Sex Synergistically Interacts with Serum Corin on Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults
Authors: Hao Peng, Qiu Zhang, Xiaoqin Cai, Xiangqin Chao
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We previously found an increased level of serum corin in some metabolic disorders, such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. However, the association between serum corin and metabolic syndrome has not yet been studied in humans. Methods: We examined serum soluble corin using immunoassays for 2,498 Chinese adults free of CVD. Metabolic syndrome was defined as ≥ 3 components of the 5 metabolic abnormalities - raised blood pressure, increased triglycerides, reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyperglycemia, and central obesity. Logistic regression model was applied to examine the association of serum corin with metabolic syndrome adjusting for age, smoking, and drinking in men and women, respectively. Results: The mean age was 53 ± 9 years. Serum corin was significantly increased in participants with metabolic syndrome in both men (mean: 2457.8 vs . 2126.6 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.001) and women (mean: 1607.4 vs . 1515.2 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.001) compared with those without metabolic syndrome. Serum corin was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome in both genders but this association appeared stronger in men (OR = 1.69, 95%CI: 4.16-1.96, P &lt; 0.001) than women (OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.06-1.33, P = 0.003). The OR of metabolic syndrome for participants with male sex and high corin (&gt; median) was higher than the sum of ORs for those with either male sex or high corin only. About 42% (95%CI: 0.240-0.598) of metabolic syndrome risk could be attributed to the interaction between male sex and high corin. Conclusions: Serum corin is significantly and positively associated with metabolic syndrome and its individual components in Chinese adults. Male sex could synergistically interact with Corin on metabolic syndrome. The relationship between serum corin and metabolic syndrome warrants further investigation.
Effectiveness of Zidovudine in Treatment of Advanced HIV Infection
Authors: John P. Phair
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Since the introduction of zidovudine, an inhibitor of retroviral reverse transcriptase, there has been continuing controversy regarding the usefulness of this agent. Questions have been raised about the optimal time to initiate therapy and about the duration of benefit achieved with this form of antiretroviral treatment. Preliminary findings of the Concorde trial,<sup>1</sup>a multicenter double-blind, randomized study, failed to demonstrate a significant benefit in survival or rate of disease progression in patients with immediate use of zidovudine therapy compared with deferred treatment. The guidelines promulgated by the expert panel convened after the results of the Concorde trial were presented attempted to address these issues using data from controlled clinical trials.<sup>2</sup>The panel suggested that antiretroviral therapy was optional in asymptomatic persons with CD4 lymphocyte counts of 0.20 to 0.50X10<sup>9</sup>/L (200 to 500/μL) but that zidovudine should be given to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals who were
Prospective clinical and manometric study comparing pneumatic dilatation and sublingual nifedipine in the treatment of oesophageal achalasia.
Authors: L Wallin, S Boesby
Journal: Gut (1992)

reduced antral pressure waves'2 and increased pyloric pressure waves'3 observed in diabetic patients with symptomatic gastroparesis, but we agree that this hypothesis requires confirmation.The mechanisms by which hyperglycaemia influences gastric motility are uncertain and may be indirect and multifactorial.A recent study performed by our group suggests that hyperinsulinaemia does not influence antro- pyloric motility.'4
Rhamm<sup>−/−</sup>fibroblasts are defective in CD44-mediated ERK1,2 motogenic signaling, leading to defective skin wound repair
Authors: Cornelia Tolg, Sara R. Hamilton, Kerry-Ann Nakrieko, Fatemeh Kooshesh, Paul Walton, James B. McCarthy, Mina J. Bissell, Eva A. Turley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)
From the National Institutes of Health
Authors: W. Raub
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Public Health Dispatch: Update: Cutaneous Anthrax in a Laboratory Worker—Texas, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2002)

A TOTAL OF 27 states has reported investigations of multiple groups of schoolchildren who have developed rashes.Rash illnesses among schoolchildren in 14 states were reported in March 1 ; since the initial report, rashes have been reported in 13 additional states (Alabama, Alaska, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, and New Jersey).Rashes also have been reported among schoolchildren in Canada.The investigations have not identified a common source for the reported cases of rashes among U.S. schoolchildren.This report summarizes available data on these rashes and provides examples for three states.CDC is continuing to monitor reports of rashes and is providing technical assistance to state and local health departments investigating these reports.
Phase 1b/2, open label, multicenter, study of the combination of SD-101 and pembrolizumab in patients with advanced melanoma who are naïve to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Authors: Antoni Ribas, Mohammed M. Milhem, Christopher J. Hoimes, Asim Amin, Inderjit Mehmi, Christopher D. Lao, Robert Martin Conry, Montaser F. Shaheen, Sekwon Jang, April K.S. Salama, Sanjeev Deva, Theresa Michelle Medina, Emmett V. Schmidt, Abraham C.F. Leung, Biao Xing, Robert Janssen, Georgina V. Long
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

9513 Background: SD-101 is a CpG-ODN agonist of TLR9. Pembrolizumab is a PD-1 inhibitor. DV3-MEL-01 (NCT02521870) assesses safety and preliminary efficacy of the combination of SD-101 and pembrolizumab in stage IIIC-IV melanoma. Methods: Phase 1b evaluated SD-101 at multiple doses injected in a single tumor Q1W x 4 then Q3W x 7 in combination with a fixed dose of pembrolizumab (200 mg IV Q3W); both drugs started on D1. Phase 2 is evaluating SD-101 at 8 mg in 1 lesion and 2 mg/lesion in 2-4 lesions beginning 21 days after the first dose of pembrolizumab. First scan was performed at D64, after 6 weeks of combination therapy. Per-protocol best overall responses (ORR) were assessed per investigator using RECIST v1.1/irRECIST at ≥ D127 after at least 15 weeks of combination therapy. The per-protocol population comprised patients who received ≥ 1 dose of each drug and had ≥1 post-baseline scan. ITT results are not presented below. Results: 9patients enrolled in phase 1b; 54 in phase 2: median age 67 y, male 67%, Stage IVM1a/b 27%, Stage IVM1c 37%, LDH > ULN 22%, treatment naive 70%. SD-101 safety profile consists of transient flu-like symptoms. Frequently observed Grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were myalgia 9%, headache 9%, fatigue 9%, chills 7%, and malaise 5%. Immune-related AEs (irAEs) have been reported in 17%. With protocol specified scans on D64 and D127, half of responses were observed ≥ D127 with early discontinuation from PD occurring before D127. The per-protocol ORR was 60% or 15/25 (CR 12%/PR 48%/SD 16%[DCR = 76%]/PD 24%) (median f/u = 223 d).15 pts had CR or PR of 19 with ≥ D127 scans; 6 pts with D64 scans discontinued with PD before D127. Non-evaluable pts (n = 5) without post-baseline scans discontinued from study prior to D64: 1 irAE (gr2 pneumonitis), 1 withdrew consent, and 3 clinical PD. Conclusions: The combination of SD-101 and pembrolizumab appears to be showing promising response rates compared to those expected with pembrolizumab alone. The combination is well tolerated with no evidence of an increased rate of irAEs. Clinical trial information: NCT02521870.
THE PROPOSED POST-CHECK CURRENCY.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Animals in Research
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cholesterol reduction in coronary artery bypass patients
Authors: E. R. Passamani
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This issue ofThe Journalcontains an article by Blanken-horn et al<sup>1</sup>that deserves, dear reader, your careful scrutiny. Aggressive diet and drug therapy appear to have led to sustained large reductions in blood cholesterol levels and, more importantly, to a reduced rate of development and progression of coronary artery and vein bypass graft lesions in patients who have undergone aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. The study is a substantial addition to the already extensive body of literature that links blood cholesterol level to atherosclerotic vascular disease in general and to coronary artery disease in particular.<sup>2-6</sup>The implications of this study for the several million individuals who have undergone coronary bypass surgery are substantial. Coronary artery disease remains a major public health problem in the United States, despite an encouraging 37% reduction in age-adjusted mortality rates noted during the last two decades.<sup>7</sup>In 1985, an estimated 540 000
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP'S) in the P53, SMAD7 and TGFBR1 Genes Associated with Advanced Colorectal Cancer in Caucasian Patients Compared to Healthy Controls
Authors: M. Pauly, G. Mahon, M.A. Dicato, B. Metzger, A. Menzel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)