tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Public Health and Poor-Law Medical Services
Journal: BMJ (1904)

IN seventy-six of the largest English towns, including London, 8,706 births and 5,78! deaths were registered during the week ending Saturday ast, Marchb gth.The annual rate of mortality in these towns, which had been I7.5, 18.6, and zg.o per I,0oo in the three preceding weeks, further rose last week to 29.7 per I,0c0.The rates in the several towns ranged from 8.3 in Hornsey, io.I in Bootle, II.8 in Hastings, I2.2 in Leyton, and X2.5 in East Ham. in Devonport and in Grimsby, to 25.0 in 25.3 in St. Helens, 25.9 in Bury, 27.4 in Wigan, and in Manchester, 294 in Hanley and in Derby, and 30.I in Warrington.In London the rate of mortality was I8.8 per I,ooo, while it averaged
THE SIDE DOOR TO SOCIALISM
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A NEW METHOD OF TREATING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Edward Tyson.
Authors: C Newman
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Valve thrombosis can occur in mechanical prosthetic valves and is increasingly recognised in transcatheter and surgically implanted bioprosthetic valves. The risk of thrombosis of mechanical valves is higher in the mitral position compared with aortic position and in older generation valves (ball and cage valves). There is a wide spectrum of presentation from the asymptomatic patient to those with embolic complications or cardiogenic shock. A combination of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography is required to assess the haemodynamic effect of thrombosis (valve gradients and area), leaflet motion and thrombus size. CT or cinefluoroscopy may be useful in selected cases to assess leaflet motion or help identify the aetiology of valve obstruction where echocardiography is inconclusive. Exclusion of pannus or vegetation is important. Management of non-obstructive thrombus is primarily optimisation of anti-coagulation. Treatment of obstructive thrombus requires a decision between slow, low-dose fibrinolysis or valve surgery. Factors which need to be considered include thrombus size, New York Heart Association Class, presence of concomitant coronary artery disease or other valve dysfunction, surgical risk and contraindication to fibrinolysis. This review examines the incidence, aetiology, clinical features, imaging algorithms and management of prosthetic valve thrombosis.
Prognostic Relevance of Integrated Genetic Profiling in Adult T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Alberto Ambesi-Impiombato, Isaura Rigo, Michael Hadler, Elisabeth Paietta, Peter H. Wiernik, Jacob M Rowe, Montserrat Rue, Adolfo A. Ferrando
Journal: Blood (2012)
Prevalence of hypertransaminasemia in adult celiac patients and effect of gluten-free diet*1
Authors: M BARDELLA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The prevalence of hypertransaminasemia and the effect of gluten-free diet (GFD) were evaluated in 158 consecutive adult celiac patients, 127 women and 31 men, aged 18 to 68 years (mean, 32). At diagnosis, 67 patients (42%) had raised aspartate and/or alanine transaminase levels (AST and ALT; mean, 47 IU/L, range, 30 to 190; and 61 IU/L, range, 25 to 470, respectively), whereas 91 patients had normal liver function tests (LFT). Patients with and without hypertransaminasemia were comparable for epidemiological data, body mass index (18.5 vs. 19.6), and severity of intestinal histological involvement. All patients were given a strict GFD and were followed for 1 to 10 years (median, 4). At 1 year, a highly significant improvement in intestinal histology was observed in both groups (P < .0001). In the 67 patients with raised transaminase levels body mass index (BMI) also increased significantly (from 18.5 to 21.0, P < .001), and transaminase levels normalized in 60 (95%). In the other seven cases liver biopsy showed fatty infiltration in two and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in the other five, related to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus in three and hepatitis C virus in one, and to autoimmune type in the fifth. We conclude that in adult celiac patients elevated serum transaminases are a frequent finding and normalize in most cases after GFD. When they persist, liver biopsy is mandatory to further investigate hepatic involvement, which in our series was mainly attributable to CAH.
Outcome with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and ipilimumab (Ipi) for malignant melanoma brain metastases (mets).
Authors: Sana Shoukat, David Mitchell Marcus, Monica Rizzo, David H. Lawson, Faisal Khosa, Yuan Liu, Kirtesh R. Patel, Mohammad Khurram Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

9076 Background: SRS with Ipi for melanoma brain mets has been explored for overall survival (OS). We present the first retrospective analysis to determine if this combination is safe and improves OS, while accounting for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Methods: Patients with melanoma brain mets who underwent SRS between 1998-2012 (n=176) were compared with those who additionally received Ipi (n=38). The primary endpoint was median OS from time of SRS, calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard model was performed for univariate and multivariable survival analysis. The secondary endpoints were local control (LC), anywhere intra-cranial failure, repeat SRS, and toxicity. Additionally, Propensity Score (PS) method was used to match treatment groups based on patient and disease characteristics, and comparison was made among matched sample. Results: Median OS for the cohort was 9.0 months and median follow up was 41.2 months. Patients in the Ipi group had median OS of 28.0 vs. 7.0 months in the non-Ipi group (p < 0.001). No difference was noted in LC or anywhere intracranial failures. There was no increased toxicity (radionecrosis, hemorrhage, patient reported memory deficits), or need for repeated SRS in the Ipi group. Multivariate Analysis (Table 1) showed that Ipi independently predicted for improved OS even when taking into account LDH and ECOG performance status. After PS matching, the groups did not differ significantly and multivariable analysis remained unchanged {HR = 2.56 (1.29 – 5.05) (p = 0.007)}. Conclusions: Use of SRS with Ipi appears to be safe and associated with an increase in OS in patients with melanoma brain mets; this combination should be further investigated. Univariate and multivariate OS. Univariate analysis Multivariate analysis HR (95%CI) p-value HR (95%CI) p - value KPS > 80 ref <.001 < = 80, > 60 1.78 (1.23-2.55) < = 60 2.55 (1.42 -4.59) ECOG 0 0.42 (0.28-0.62) <.001 0.50 (0.32-0.80) 0.004 1+ ref ref DS-GPA 4 ref 0.013 3 1.19 (0.77-1.84) 2 1.75 (1.09 – 2.80) 1 2.17 (1.25 – 3.76) # of brain mets 1 0.57 (0.37 – 0.86) 0.015 2 0.55 (0.33 -0.91) 3+ ref Ipi No 3.21 (1.84 – 5.59) <.001 2.95 (1.65-5.29) <0.001 Yes ref ref LDH < = 250 0.48 (0.30 – 0.79) 0.003 0.52 (0.32-0.86) 0.010 > 250 ref ref
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 6(1) January 2009
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

This month's editorial (PLoS Medicine Editors, e1000021) discusses the unconscionable use of rape as a weapon of war, as documented in recent conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, and the former Yugoslavia among others, to the extent that a UN peacekeeping commander recently reported that "it has probably become more dangerous to be a woman than a soldier in an armed conflict." But while the International Criminal Tribunal recognized rape as crime of genocide under international law in 1994, rape continues to be conducted with impunity in many armed conflicts, leaving women and communities devastated. The editorial calls for more pressure from those involved in reporting, researching, and providing medical care to be put on international authorities, to take concerted action, and to make protection from sexual violence a central part of peacekeeping and security efforts. Image Credit: r.marin at flickr.com.
What's new in the other general journals
Authors: Alison Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

After cyclist Lance Armstrong survived advanced metastatic testicular cancer he went on to become one of the world's most successful athletes. Many others have also made dramatic recoveries from testicular cancer when, stage for stage, tumours from any other site would have killed them. What makes testicular cancer so easy to treat? One theory is that testicular cancer cells, like normal testicular germ cells, are very sensitive to heat. Once they spread inside the body away from the cooling protection of the scrotum, the cancer cells become weaker and potentially more sensitive to cancer treatments such as radiation or cytotoxic chemotherapy. The theory, otherwise known as the Lance Armstrong effect, is certainly biologically plausible, according to three cancer scientists from the United States. Heat is an important regulator in many biological systems, including cancers, although heat treatments have always been impracticable because of the potential for collateral damage. Now technologies are at last emerging that could help bring thermal therapy for cancer within reach, write the scientists. One of them uses nanoparticles filled with magnetic iron that can be heated up with an external magnetic field once they reach their target. The hope is that thermal therapy will make cancer cells more vulnerable to established treatments including immunotherapy, thereby extending the remarkable Lance Armstrong effect to patients with other disseminated tumours. JAMA 2006;296: 445–8 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] About two million people worldwide have an implantable cardiac device such as a pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator. Defects noticed after marketing have led to recalls or warnings affecting about 200 000 of the devices. Few data exist on what happens to people with defective devices, so researchers are reduced to guesswork and mathematical modelling to help them decide whether to risk replacing the devices. The latest study concludes that it's often safer to leave well … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.stitle%253DJAMA%26rft.issn%253D0002-9955%26rft.aulast%253DCoffey%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BS.%26rft.volume%253D296%26rft.issue%253D4%26rft.spage%253D445%26rft.epage%253D448%26rft.atitle%253DHyperthermic%2Bbiology%2Band%2Bcancer%2Btherapies%253A%2Ba%2Bhypothesis%2Bfor%2Bthe%2B%2526quot%253BLance%2BArmstrong%2Beffect%2526quot%253B.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.296.4.445%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16868303%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1001/jama.296.4.445&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=16868303&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbmj%2F333%2F7562%2F295.atom
Toxicity of thallium.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

metabolism was studied in vitro.Rapid ingestion of food was accompanied by an increase in the incorporation of isotope-labelled pyruvate into glyceride-glycerol and fatty acids, as well as by increased activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.These results suggest enhanced lipogenesis during a gorging regimen.Though the evidence is by no means conclusive, this study provides a further indication that taking infrequent meals may be associated with a ten- dency to obesity and hyperlipidaemia.The modern Western tendency is to eat a large proportion of the day's calories at one evening meal.Though infrequent feeding is probably not pathogenic in itself, it may become so when combined with a high-calorie intake and a low-energy expenditure.Whether or not the high incidence of atherosclerosis which afflicts man, and which has been correlated with serum lipid levels, can be influenced by alteration of the pattern of food intake is at present unknown, but this question deserves further study.
Brain ‘imaging’ in the Renaissance
Authors: Alessandro Paluzzi, Antonio Belli, Peter Bain, Laura Viva
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

During the Renaissance, a period of ‘rebirth’ for humanities and science, new knowledge and speculation began to emerge about the function of the human body, replacing ancient religious and philosophical dogma. The brain must have been a fascinating mystery to a Renaissance artist, but some speculation existed at that time on the function of its parts. Here we show how revived interest in anatomy and life sciences may have influenced the figurative work of Italian and Flemish masters, such as Rafael, Michelangelo and David. We present a historical perspective on the artists and the period in which they lived, their fascination for human anatomy and its symbolic use in their art. Prior to the 16th century, knowledge of the brain was limited and influenced in a dogmatic way by the teachings of Galen 1 who, as we now know, conducted his anatomical studies not on humans but on animals. 2 Nemesus, Bishop of Emesa, in around the year 400 was one of the first to attribute mental faculties to the brain, specifically to the ventricles. He identified two anterior (lateral) ventricles, to which he assigned perception, a middle ventricle responsible for cognition and a posterior ventricle for memory. 2 , 3 After a long period of stasis in the Middle Ages, Renaissance scholars realized the importance of making direct observations on dissected cadavers. Between 1504 and 1507, Leonardo da Vinci conducted experiments to reveal the anatomy of the ventricular system in the brain. He injected hot wax through a tube thrust into the ventricular cavities of an ox and then scraped the overlying brain off, thus obtaining, in a simple but ingenious way, an accurate cast of the ventricles. 2 , 4 Leonardo shared the belief promoted by scholarly Christians that the ventricles were the abode of rational soul. We have several examples of hidden symbolism in Renaissance paintings, but the influence of phrenology and this rudimentary knowledge of neuroanatomy on artists of that period is under-recognized. In the absence of documentary or scientific evidence as to the real intentions of these painters, the notion of such commixture of sacred and profane remains speculative and probably controversial, but at the same time fascinating and provocative. Here we present three examples of Renaissance masterpieces where such symbolism may have been used, although probably many more exist. Conducting an artistic, philosophical and anatomical analysis of the paintings can be an intriguing exercise, but the interpretation will inevitably be conjectural.
PTU-153 The Intestinal Transcription Factors Intestine-Specific Homeobox (ISX), Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4A (HNF4A) and Caudal-Type Homeobox 2 (CDX2) are All Expressed in Barrett’s Metaplasia
Authors: LP Griffiths, B Colleypriest, JM Farrant, D Tosh
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Barrett’s metaplasia (BM) is the substitution of stratified squamous epithelium with intestinal-type columnar epithelium in the distal oesophagus. It is a condition with malignant potential and yet we do not have any satisfactory treatments to reverse it. The cellular and molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, although several transcription factors are implicated including CDX2. We examined expression of CDX2 along the gastrointestinal tract epithelium, as well as more novel transcription factors ISX and HNF4a. <h3>Methods</h3> Immunohistochemistry protocols were refined for all three transcription factors for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of forceps biopsies of human tissue from normal and Barrett’s oesophagus, and from the gastro-oesophageal junction, stomach, small and large bowel. Additionally, the oesophagi of 8 patients were biopsied; 5 with a normal oesophagus and 3 with BM, where biopsies were taken from both the mid-oesophagus and the BM segment. These biopsies were processed for RT-PCR to see whether the immunohistochemistry findings could be confirmed at mRNA level. <h3>Results</h3> Slide section immunohistochemistry demonstrates that ISX, HNF4a and CDX2 all express nuclear antibody staining in small and large bowel epithelium. ISX and HNF4a are additionally expressed in stomach mucosa epithelium. None of the transcription factors are seen in normal oesophagus aside from very sparse cells with ISX, but all three are demonstrated in BM. RT-PCR of all 3 transcription factors for all 8 patients from normal oesophagus samples was negative. All 3 BM samples were positive for HNF4a, and 2 of the BM samples were positive for ISX and CDX2. However, one BM sample was negative for both ISX and CDX2. Figure legend: Both plates demonstrate nuclear ISX (brown), left = ileum, right = Barrett’s metaplasia. <h3>Conclusion</h3> CDX2 has been intensively studied in BM, but we also show robust expression of ISX and HNF4a. ISX may be a novel key transcription factor in BM, and our findings suggest that the transcription factor profile in BM echoes that found in intestinal epithelium. Our theory is that HNF4a induction occurs earlier than CDX2 in the genesis of BM; it is possible this is an example of an intermediate stage in this process. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Targeting p53 and histone methyltransferases to restore fully exhausted CD8+ T cells in human HCV infection before and after DAA-therapy
Authors: Valeria Barili, Paola Fisicaro, Barbara Montanini, Greta Acerbi, Anita Filippi, Alessandra Zecca, Carolina Boni, Chiara Romualdi, Manuela Ferracin, Francesca Guerrieri, Alessandra Orlandini, Marco Massari, Gabriele Missale, Massimo Levrero, Simone Ottonello, Carlo Ferrari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Bronchogenic carcinoma and thromboembolic disease
Authors: R. B. Byrd
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During a six-year period, thromboembolism occurred as an early complication in 37 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma. No other precipitating factor was identified, and only three of the 37 patients had previously undergone surgery. In 14 instances, an episode of thrombophlebitis first called attention to the patient's illness. Migratory thrombophlebitis involving unusual sites and resistant to anticoagulant therapy often preceded recognition of the tumor by as long as 18 months. The presence of thrombophlebitis was associated with a poor prognosis. The mechanism is obscure, but in three cases there was acceleration of factor III (thromboplastin) generation. No relationship was apparent between the histologic structure of the tumor and the frequency of venous thromboembolism. Even when lymph nodes are not palpable, bilateral supraclavicular exploration and lymph node biopsy appears to be a valuable and innocuous diagnostic procedure in patients with unexplained thrombophlebitis and is preferable to abdominal exploration. The true incidence of this complication is difficult to assess because of the uncertainties of retrospective diagnosis and follow-up.
Holiday Time
Authors: Arnold S. Relman, Drummond Rennie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

It is Christmas Eve at the Journal. From the top of the Countway Library we look down on Shattuck Street, in daytime a bustling cul-de-sac, delivery alley, and parking lot, now dark and almost deserted. The staff has departed, and we remain in the quiet of our suddenly empty offices. It is a time to reflect on the happenings of the past year and to ponder our plans for the next. It is time for holiday greetings.The calendar, of course, says that it is November 21; tomorrow is Thanksgiving. But as we sit here, captivated by thoughts of . . .
Epidemiologic Studies on Possible Health Effects of Intake of Pyrolyzates of Foods, with Reference to Mortality among Japanese Seventh-Day Adventists
Authors: Masanori Kuratsune, Masato Ikeda, Takaharu Hayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

To elucidate the effect of intake of mutagenic and/or carcinogenic pyrolysis products of proteins and amino acids on carcinogenesis in man, we have undertaken two epidemiologic cohort studies: one concerning the possible association of broiled fish consumption with cancer and the other concerning the cancer mortality among Japanese Seventh-Day Adventists. The main findings of these studies are described.
Evaluation of a New Antipsychotic Agent
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal