tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Technology assessment: differing perspectives
Authors: N. Cahill
Journal: JAMA (1984)

As a concept, the term<i>medical technology assessment</i><sup>*</sup>is interpreted differently by different intellectual disciplines. To the physician, the essence of medical technology assessment is the focus on the clinical safety and efficacy of drugs, medical devices, and technical procedures; medicine's raison d'être is improved patient care and enhanced quality of patients' lives. In contrast, an economist's assessment of medical technology will use that discipline's evaluation tools, which include an emphasis on a variety of cost-accounting approaches. These have the very real potential to create conflict in a variety of areas central to the practice of medicine. Where the generally accepted medical credo strives for the greatest good for the individual patient, the new economic imperative calls for "the greatest good for the greatest number," within clearly defined limits on available resources. This can readily create a "cost"<i>v</i>"access and quality" imbalance, and some patients may pay dearly. One
Effects of Aging on the Induction of Angiosarcoma
Authors: David H. Groth, William B. Coate, Borge M. Ulland, Richard W. Hornung
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Adult, Sprague-Dawley albino rats of four different ages (6, 18, 32 and 52 weeks) were exposed to 940 ppm vinyl chloride by inhalation for 24 weeks, 5 days/week, 7 hr/day. In each age group, there were 110 to 128 males and the same number of females. The similarly housed control group, which was not exposed to vinyl chloride, consisted of the same number of males and females in each age group. All animals that died spontaneously, or were sacrificed moribund, or were killed at scheduled times (3, 6 and 9 months after initial exposure) were autopsied. All organs were examined grossly, and several tissues from each animal were examined microscopically. The older the rats were when they were first exposed, the greater the incidence of angiosarcomas. The incidences of angiosarcomas in the four age groups (from youngest to oldest) in the exposed males in the nonscheduled sacrifice groups were: 0/37 (0%); 0/44 (0%); 3/45 (6.7%); and 13/55 (24%). Similarly, for the females, these incidences were: 2/38 (5.3%); 7/47 (15%); 23/49 (47%); and 11/54 (20%). Most of the angiosarcomas were highly anaplastic, primary tumors in the livers that metastasized to the lungs. Only one angiosarcoma was seen in all the control rats; that occurred in subcutaneous tissue. This study demonstrated that older adult animals and females are more susceptible to the angiosarcoma-inducing effects of vinyl chloride than young adult animals and males, respectively.
Deafness
Authors: Donald K. Lewis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE purpose of this paper is to discuss recent controversial issues regarding the problem of deafness and to relate significant advances in its detection, diagnosis and treatment. The subject of aural rehabilitation is not included.Hearing Tests School Hearing Tests The realization that successful treatment of deafness depends in large measure on early application of therapeutic measures has led to intensive programs for the detection of incipient deafness in the public schools. Figures concerning the proportion of public-school children with a significant hearing loss vary between 5 and 20 per cent. These data are based upon results of group audiometry . . .
Reactive arthritis associated with campylobacter enteritis
Authors: J. M. Gumpel, P. J. Sanderson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Reactive arthritis associated with campylobacter enteritis Sm, Eastmond and his colleagues' really should not compare chalk with cheese.They studied patients infected in a single explosive outbreak of campylobacter enteritis, all presumably due to the same strain of Campylobacter jejuni.We studied cases occurring sporadically, diagnosed but not necessarily infected, within the Harrow Heath District, and probably
Comparison of Skeletal Complications and Treatment Patterns Associated with Early Versus Delayed Zoledronic Acid Therapy In Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Andrew Peng Yu, Arielle G Bensimon, Maryna Marynchenko, Eric Qiong Wu, Madhav Namjoshi, Amy Guo, Solveig G Ericson, Noopur Raje
Journal: Blood (2010)
EDITORIAL NOTES AND ITEMS.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TIPS for Veno-occlusive Disease: Is the Contraindication Real? *
Authors: Thomas D. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Dr. Senzolo and colleagues question the recommendation we made in the recently published practice guidelines on transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) that the use of this procedure is not recommended for patients with venoocclusive disease (VOD).1 This recommendation was based on a review of published series that showed TIPS was largely ineffective in salvaging patients with advanced VOD. This recommendation was directed toward the practicing clinician and not toward the clinical investigator who wishes to explore further the use of TIPS in this condition. I support additional clinical trials; however, for the clinician, TIPS remains of no proven benefit in the treatment of VOD. When designing clinical trials, several issues must be overcome. First, these patients frequently are very sick, and other conditions such as graft-versus-host disease can also cause liver failure; thus the diagnosis of VOD must be based on established criteria such as transjugular liver biopsy.2 Second, the type of patient who might benefit from a TIPS is unclear. Most of these patients recover spontaneously, and those that advance may reach a stage beyond which intervention with a TIPS would be of no benefit. The latter was clearly our experience.2 Deciding which patients are the best candidates for a TIPS will require a great deal of thought. Lastly, with what treatment is TIPS going to be compared? I believe that because TIPS is of no proven benefit, a controlled trial comparing medical management with TIPS is the only approach that would provide a definitive answer. Because the incidence of VOD has declined, the performance of such a trial would have to be done using multiple centers. Thomas D. Boyer M.D.*, * University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Abbreviations
Authors: Luke Harris
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It seems to me that at the time that there are articles being considered (ABC), dutifully edited (DE), and found good (FG) for publication, an editor may show hesitation to interfere judiciously (HIJ), perhaps because he thinks his knowledge lacking (KL) compared with that of eminent members of national organizations (MNO), and, therefore, for the sake of peace, quiet, and restraint (PQR), he sets the text in unaltered version (STUV), thus failing to act the wise xenogogue (WX) and meekly accepting the yoke of zeitgeist (YZ). In summary: ABC+DE+FG (HIJ ∴ KL cf MNO) ∴ PQR →STUV≠WX ∴ YZ.
Erratum to: Comparative transcriptomics reveals the conserved building blocks involved in parallel evolution of diverse phenotypic traits in ants
Authors: Claire Morandin, Mandy M. Y. Tin, Sílvia Abril, Crisanto Gómez, Luigi Pontieri, Morten Schiøtt, Liselotte Sundstrom, Kazuki Tsuji, Jes Søe Pedersen, Heikki Helantera, Alexander S. Mikheyev
Journal: Genome biology (2016)
Letter: Encouragement of breast-feeding.
Authors: Robert Harrison, S Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

menses in each patient, one before treatment, two while on ethamsylate (500 mg four times daily from five days before the anticipated onset of menstruation for 10 days) and two while on indistinguishable doses of placebo with double-blind random allocation of each of the tablets.The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used in statistical analysis of the results.Mean blood loss was 64-8 ml before treatment and 64-6 ml during placebo therapy (P>010) but was significantly less (53-5 ml; P <0-05) during administration of ethamsylate.The mean percentage reduction in blood loss was 18-6+4-7, giving a range at the 95% con- fidence level of 8-4-28-8.Such results, if confirmed by a longer series, would suggest that a patient with an IUD in situ who complained of menorrhagia should be offered ethamsylate as primary treatment.This could prove sufficiently effective in controlling the cycle to make further manipulation unnecessary.
Measles Immunization
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rheumatologists are called to collaborate in treating childhood JIA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Background: Leflunomide is now an approved agent for the management of adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Its active metabolite A771726 inhibits de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis.Although considered to be an immunosuppressive agent, its mechanism of action remains obscure.Objectives: Evaluation of the leflunomide active metabolite A771726 (LEF) effect on interleukin 1β (IL1β), tumour necrosis factor (TNFα), nitric oxide (NO), and stromelysin (metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3)) production by activated human synovial tissue in culture.Methods: Synovial tissue was obtained during surgery from patients undergoing total knee replacement owing to RA or osteoarthritis (OA), cut into small pieces, and cultured in Petri dishes with test materials as previously described.IL1β, TNFα, NO, and MMP-3 were measured in the culture media after 48 hours incubation with different doses of LEF by methods previously described.Results: LEF (0.3, 3, and 9 µg/ml) inhibited IL1β production in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 3 µg/ml) in a dose dependent manner (p<0.01) at LEF 0.3 µg/ml.TNFα production in the presence of IL1β (1 ng/ml) was also inhibited in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05 at LEF 0.3 µg/ml).NO and MMP-3 production in the presence of LPS (3 µg/ml) was inhibited as well (p<0.01 at LEF 1 µg/ml and at LEF 0.3 µg/ml, respectively).Synovial cell viability evaluated by the tetrazolium salt XTT was unaffected by the LEF concentration used.There was no qualitative difference in the response of OA and RA synovial tissue.Conclusion: Leflunomide may modulate the rheumatoid articular process by inhibition of local production of IL1β, TNFα, NO, and MMP-3.
QUININ A HARMFUL REMEDY IN MALARIAL HEMATURIA.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of Infant Sleeping Position—Selected States, 1996
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of postneonatal mortality in the United States. In 1992, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended that all healthy babies be put to sleep either on their back or side to reduce the risk for SIDS. In 1994, a national "Back to Sleep" education campaign was initiated to encourage the public and health-care providers to put babies to sleep on their back or side. In November 1996, the AAP modified its policy to preferentially recommend putting infants on their back because of the lower risk for SIDS associated with this position relative to the side position. To assess adherence to recommendations for infant sleeping position, CDC analyzed population-based data on the usual infant sleeping position for 1996 births by race from 10 states participating in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis and indicates that infant sleeping position varied by state and race.
TREATMENT OF MYXEDEMATOUS COMA
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene trap in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA insertional mutagenesis analysis
Authors: D. Gozuacik, Y. Murakami, K. Saigol, M. Chamil, T. Okanoue, T. Urashima, T. Kenmochi, T. Ochiai, C. Brechot, P. Paterlini-Brechot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
From the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The problem and sociocultural context of single-cigarette sales
Authors: E. A. Klonoff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To provide data on the sale of single cigarettes to adults and minors and to examine the sociocultural context in which these sales occur. <h3>Design.</h3> —A naturalistic observation study using repeated measures. Two hundred six stores in a convenience sample were visited by one minor and one adult who each attempted to purchase a single cigarette. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Single-cigarette sales to an adult and/or minor. Data were obtained on type of store and, if a sale occurred, on the price, brand, and packaging of the cigarette. The ethnic composition of the neighborhood surrounding each store was determined. <h3>Results.</h3> —One hundred one (49.1%) of the stores sold single cigarettes. Singles were sold significantly more often to minors than to adults, and when both could make a purchase, minors paid more for these singles than did adults. Singles were least likely to be sold in white neighborhoods, more likely to be sold in integrated neighborhoods, and most likely to be sold in minority neighborhoods. Minors were able to purchase single cigarettes during 34.4% of the visits to white neighborhoods but could do so during 71.2% of the visits to minority neighborhoods; adults were able to make similar purchases during 24% of the visits to white neighborhoods and 37.3% of the visits to minority neighborhoods. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The illegal sale of single cigarettes involves complex sociocultural factors heretofore unexamined. An understanding of such factors may be useful in planning merchant education programs and drafting policy to control illegal sales. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:618-620)
The Cover
Authors: M Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects on birth weight and perinatal mortality of maternal dietary supplements in rural Gambia: 5 year randomised controlled trial
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To test the efficacy in terms of birth weight and infant survival of a diet supplement programme in pregnant African women through a primary healthcare system.Design: 5 year controlled trial of all pregnant women in 28 villages randomised to daily supplementation with high energy groundnut biscuits (4.3MJ/day) for about 20 weeks before delivery (intervention) or after delivery (control).Setting: Rural Gambia.Subjects: Chronically undernourished women (twin bearers excluded), yielding 2047 singleton live births and 35 stillbirths.Main outcome measures: Birth weight; prevalence of low birth weight ( < 2500 g); head circumference; birth length; gestational age; prevalence of stillbirths; neonatal and postneonatal mortality.Results: Supplementation increased weight gain in pregnancy and significantly increased birth weight, particularly during the nutritionally debilitating hungry season (June to October).Weight gain increased by 201 g (P < 0.001) in the hungry season, by 94 g (P < 0.01) in the harvest season (November to May), and by 136 g (P < 0.001) over the whole year.The odds ratio for low birthweight babies in supplemented women was 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.47 to 0.79, P < 0.001).Head circumference was significantly increased (P < 0.01), but by only 3.1 mm.Birth length and duration of gestation were not affected.Supplementation significantly reduced perinatal mortality: the odds ratio was 0.47 (0.23 to 0.99, P < 0.05) for stillbirths and 0.54 (0.35 to 0.85, P < 0.01) for all deaths in first week of life.Mortality after 7 days was unaffected.Conclusion: Prenatal dietary supplementation reduced retardation in intrauterine growth when effectively targeted at genuinely at-risk mothers.This was associated with a substantial reduction in the prevalence of stillbirths and in early neonatal mortality.The intervention can be successfully delivered through a primary healthcare system.