tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perianal abscess
Authors: Kapil Sahnan, Samuel O Adegbola, Phillip J Tozer, Josef Watfah, Robin KS Phillips
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The annual incidence of perianal abscess is estimated between 14 000 and 20 000 people in the UK, resulting in about 12 500 operations in the NHS each year. 1 A recent Swedish cohort study estimated the incidence at 16.1 per 100 000. 2 The true incidence may be higher, since many patients are treated with antibiotics in the community and some abscesses spontaneously regress or discharge. 2 3Patients usually present with an erythematous swelling near the anus and may be embarrassed or reluctant to seek treatment.They may present to a non-specialist in the first instance.This article provides information on the causes and different types of perianal abscess and an update on how they are best managed. PRACTICE
British Journal of Dermatology, London
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fatal poisoning from sodium phosphate enema. Case report and experimental study
Authors: R. R. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

An overdose of a common over-the-counter sodium phosphate enema solution was fatal in an infant. The marked hypernatremia, acidemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia observed before death were also produced in a porcine model. A study using pigs showed that the enema solution was lethal if retained in doses above 20 mL/kg, equivalent to four pediatric-sized enemas in a 2-year-old child. Even normal doses of the enema solution caused measurable changes in serum phosphorus and calcium levels. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2190-2192)
Melatonin and parkinsonism
Authors: P. S. Papavasiliou
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Lerner discovered melatonin (<i>N</i>-Acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)<sup>1</sup>and showed that this pineal hormone can induce sedation in man.<sup>2</sup>This agent antagonizes the darkening of the skin and, therefore, perhaps also some other action of melanophore-stimulating hormone (βMSH).<sup>3</sup>Since injections of βMSH had aggravated the tremor of parkinsonism,<sup>4</sup>we had administered this antagonist of βMSH to a patient but induced only a diminution of tremor.<sup>3</sup>Others, however, reported impressive improvement of several symptoms of parkinsonism<sup>5</sup>at a time when we had reversed the adventitious movements caused by levodopa [3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine] with melatonin in experimental animals.<sup>6</sup>We conducted therefore a single-blind study in patients with parkinsonism who received either melatonin alone or melatonin plus levodopa, which had caused intermittent adventitious movements.<sup>7</sup> The inpatients listed in the Table and all of the outpatients had idiopathic parkinsonism except patient 11 who had postencephalitic disease. Among
Monographs in Surg Sciences, Baltimore
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Zidovudine for the Treatment of Thrombocytopenia Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Authors: The Swiss Group for Clinical Studies on the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine the effect of zidovudine on platelet counts in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated thrombocytopenia. Design: The study was prospective, controlled, and blinded. Each patient received active drug and placebo. Platelet counts were compared before and after receiving zidovudine. Setting: Outpatient clinics in Geneva, Lausanne, and Zürich, Switzerland. Patients: Sequential sample of ten patients (five intravenous drug addicts, four homosexual men, one Zairian) who were seropositive for HIV, and had platelet counts between 20 and 100 × 109/L (20 000 to 100 000/mm3). Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were not enrolled. None had been previously treated for thrombocytopenia, and no medication except zidovudine or placebo was administered during the trial period. Interventions: Five patients received 8 weeks of zidovudine (2 g/d for 2 weeks, and 1 g/d for 6 weeks), followed by 8 weeks of placebo. The other five patients received placebo for 8 weeks followed by zidovudine. Measurements and Main Results: Platelet counts increased in each patient while on zidovudine, but not while on placebo; the mean increase was 54.6 × 109/L ± 11.25 (SE) from 53.2 to 107.8 × 109/L (P < 0.004). After the end of zidovudine treatment, platelet counts remained elevated for more than 4 weeks in three of five patients. One patient developed granulocytopenia and anemia during treatment with zidovudine. Conclusions: Zidovudine is a potential new treatment for HIV-associated thrombocytopenia.
The trials of Medicare physician payment reform
Authors: P. R. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1991)

IS MEDICARE physician payment reform in jeopardy? Physicians' organizations, including the American Medical Association (AMA), specialty societies, and state medical associations, have expressed alarm about the content of the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) that was published on June 5 by the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) to implement the Medicare Fee Schedule. For editorial comment see p 1566. What are the problems that are causing so much concern among physicians? Did physicians misinterpret the 1989 legislation that reformed physician payment? Or did HCFA propose rules that do not reflect the intent of Congress and fall short of physicians' expectations concerning accurate resource-based relative values? In this Commentary, we discuss these issues from the perspective of the Physician Payment Review Commission (PPRC). <h3>Background</h3> In December 1989, Congress passed a comprehensive physician payment reform for Medicare that included a resource-based fee schedule, limits on balance billing, and a mechanism to update
Incorrect Supplement Version
Authors: Charles Dolladille
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Naiyer A. Rizvi, MD; Byoung Chul Cho, MD, PhD; Niels Reinmuth, MD, PhD; Ki Hyeong Lee, MD, PhD; Alexander Luft, MD; Myung-Ju Ahn, MD; Michel M. van den Heuvel, MD, PhD; Manuel Cobo, MD, PhD; David Vicente, MD; Alexey Smolin, MD; Vladimir Moiseyenko, MD, PhD; Scott J. Antonia, MD, PhD; Sylvestre Le Moulec, MD; Gilles Robinet, MD; Ronald Natale, MD; Jeffrey Schneider, MD; Frances A. Shepherd, MD; Sarayut Lucien Geater, MD; Edward B. Garon, MD; Edward S. Kim, MD; Sarah B. Goldberg, MD; Kazuhiko Nakagawa, MD, PhD; Rajiv Raja, PhD; Brandon W. Higgs, PhD; Anne-Marie Boothman, DPhil; Luping Zhao, PhD; Urban Scheuring, MD, PhD; Paul K. Stockman, MBChB, PhD; Vikram K. Chand, MBBS; Solange Peters, MD, PhD; for the MYSTIC Investigators
Helping City Children Control Asthma
Journal: JAMA (1997)

ASTHMA attacks can be effectively controlled even in the most adverse social circumstances when children and their primary caretakers are counseled properly, according to a national study now being analyzed. About one third of asthmatic children and their caretakers— parents or others—living in inner cities in the United States who participated in an asthma intervention trial had reductions in major symptoms and a significant increase in asthma-free days. The key to success is the effective use of asthma care counselors who advise how to avoid such triggers of the disease as environmental pollutants and secondhand tobacco smoke. The counselors recommend, for example, that children not play outdoors when the atmosphere is particularly smoggy. They suggest that caretakers attend smoking cessation workshops, or smoke outside the home, or at least smoke away from the child. "It's a hierarchy," H. James Wedner, MD, professor of medicine at Washington University School of Medicine,
Skin immunopathology in system lupus erythematosus
Authors: M. M. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The role of skin immunopathology in the evaluation and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains controversial. Four simultaneous biopsy specimens from nine patients with SLE (two from buttock and two from forearm skin) were evaluated. Specimens from eight of nine patients showed symmetrical deposits. A poor correlation of skin biopsy score and clinical activity score was noted. A positive correlation was noted between serum C3 levels and skin biopsy score, but a poor correlation was noted with criteria for active nephritis with the exception of microscopic hematuria. In most instances, findings from a single skin biopsy specimen are sufficient and of diagnostic value but correlate poorly with other measurements of disease activity. Serial studies suggested that persistence of cutaneous deposits for many months after flares of SLE may in part explain poor correlation with active disease. (<i>JAMA</i>243:38-42, 1980)
Inclusion of solid swallows and a test meal increase the diagnostic yield of high resolution manometry (HRM) in patients with dysphagia
Authors: R. Sweis, A. Anggiansah, R. Anggiansah, J. Fong, T. Wong, M. Fox
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Standard manometry studies diagnose oesophageal dysmotility in patients presenting with dysphagia on the basis of a small number of small volume water swallows. The association of symptoms with abnormal pressure events strongly support the clinical relevance of manometry findings; however, patients report symptoms infrequently with 5–10 ml water swallows. Solid swallows and normal eating behaviour have not entered clinical practice because of the difficulty interpreting the complex pressure events and a lack of control values. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of symptomatic oesophageal dysfunction following individual liquid and solid bolus swallows and a standardised test meal in patients presenting with dysphagia and asymptomatic volunteers <h3>Methods</h3> 30 consecutive patients referred for investigation of endoscopy negative dysphagia and 23 healthy volunteers underwent HRM (Manoscan 360°, SSI) with 10 × 5 ml water and 5 × 1 cc bread swallows in the upright seated position. A test meal (cheese and onion pie: 500 Kcal, 34 g fat) was provided if patients consented and for 10 healthy volunteers <h3>Results</h3> Water and bread swallows were successful in 29/30 patients (12 M:18 F, age 16–86) and all healthy volunteers (11 M:12 F, age 20–56). 10 patients and 10 volunteers completed the test meal. No healthy subject had clinically significant dysmotility or complained of symptoms. 2/29 (7%) patients experienced their typical symptoms with water, 13/29 (45%) with bread (p = 0.023), 8/10 (80%) with the meal and 16/29 (55%) when results of bread and meal were combined (p = 0.008 compared to water swallows). A change in HRM diagnosis was made in 8/29 (28%) patients on the basis of solid compared to water swallows, of whom 5 (17%) complained of typical symptoms. When a meal was provided, there was a change in HRM findings in 7/10 patients compared to 5 ml water, of whom 4 complained of typical symptoms. When results were combined 10/29 (35%) showed a change in diagnosis and 5 had typical symptoms. Pathology that would have been missed with water swallows alone included: hypertensive contractility (2), spasm (2), variant achalasia (1) and increased resistance to flow at the gastro-oesophageal junction (3). The clinical relevance of 5/8 (62.5%) of these was confirmed with typical symptoms coincident with abnormal pressure events. Two patients with asymptomatic hypotensive dysmotility with water showed normalisation with solid swallows <h3>Conclusion</h3> The diagnostic yield and ability to associate symptoms with oesophageal dysfunction is increased with inclusion of solid swallows and a test meal compared to water swallows alone in patients with endoscopy-negative dysphagia
Building or Extending a Hospital Department: Radiology a Path through the Planning Minefield (3)
Authors: E J Roebuck, D J Manton, G L Fordham
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1987)

This is the third of a series of articles on the planning and building of a new radiology department or the extension of an old one. While the series focuses on a radiology department, 'it will be of interest to anyone who is planning any part of a hospital, particularly in the detailed information about the planning process and the part to be played by hospital staff during the subsequent building and commissioning. (The first article in the series appeared in the January issue, p 40.)
Correction: The Effect of Dosing Regimens on the Antimalarial Efficacy of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Patient Data
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background: Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is increasingly recommended for antimalarial treatment in many endemic countries; however, concerns have been raised over its potential under dosing in young children.We investigated the influence of different dosing schedules on DP's clinical efficacy. Methods and Findings:A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify all studies published between 1960 and February 2013, in which patients were enrolled and treated with DP.Principal investigators were approached and invited to share individual patient data with the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN).Data were pooled using a standardised methodology.Univariable and multivariable risk factors for parasite recrudescence were identified using a Cox's regression model with shared frailty across the study sites.Twenty-four published and two unpublished studies (n = 7,072 patients) were included in the analysis.After correcting for reinfection by parasite genotyping, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were 97.7% (95% CI 97.3%-98.1%)at day 42 and 97.2% (95% CI 96.7%-97.7%)at day 63.Overall 28.6% (979/3,429) of children aged 1 to 5 years received a total dose of piperaquine below 48 mg/kg (the lower limit recommended by WHO); this risk was 2.3-2.9-foldgreater compared to that in the other age groups and was associated with reduced efficacy at day 63 (94.4% [95% CI 92.6%-96.2%],p,0.001).After adjusting for confounding factors, the mg/kg dose of piperaquine was found to be a significant predictor for recrudescence, the risk increasing by 13% (95% CI 5.0%-21%) for every 5 mg/kg decrease in dose; p = 0.002.In a multivariable model increasing the target minimum total dose of piperaquine in children aged 1 to 5 years old from 48 mg/kg to 59 mg/kg would halve the risk of treatment failure and cure at least 95% of patients; such an increment was not associated with gastrointestinal toxicity in the ten studies in which this could be assessed.Conclusions: DP demonstrates excellent efficacy in a wide range of transmission settings; however, treatment failure is associated with a lower dose of piperaquine, particularly in young children, suggesting potential for further dose optimisation.
Cervical cancer screening: the Pap smear. Summary of an NIH consensus statement.
Authors: Katherine Carson, San Diego, Pelayo Correa, Ellen Flannery, John Frost, Ms Genevieve, George Hutchison, Raymond Kaufman, Duncan Vb Neuhauser, Kenneth Noller, Estelle Ramey, J Williams
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A consensus development conference on cervical cancer screening: the Pap smear, was held at the National Institutes of Health on 23-25 July 1980.Its purpose was to examine the scientific basis for screening for cervical cancer and to make recommendations for the medical community and the public on the use of the Pap smear in screening for cancer of the uterine cervix.No attempt was made to provide recommendations related to screening by the Pap smear for other cancers of the female genital tract-that is, endometrial or ovarian cancers.Recommendations were based on the accepted definition that screening procedures apply to healthy female populations and not to women identified as patients undergoing gynaecological treatment.The panel considered the questions presented below.The members of the consensus development panel included epidemiologists, pathologists, obstetricians-gynaecologists, prac- tising physicians, health scientists, a social worker, a lawyer, and consumer representatives.As a framework for developing recommendations, the panel agreed to the following operational definitions: * A Pap smear, developed by Dr George N Papanicolaou more than 50 years ago, is a cellular specimen removed from the lower female genital tract which is used in routine screening for cancer.The Pap smear for detecting cervical cancer should include samples of cells from the ectocervix, transformation zone, and endocervical canal.* In the United States most Pap smears are obtained as part of a medical examination by a woman's doctor or in the context of a health maintenance programme.A cervical cancer screening programme refers to the testing of large numbers of women who show no symptoms of pathological changes of the genital tract in order to classify them as likely or unlikely to have cervical cancer or its precursors.
Collected Publications from the Robert Dawson Evans Memorial for Clinical Research and Preventive Medicine. No. 1: Endocrine Studies.
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Colectomy Recommended for Ulcerative Colitis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors: structure and signal transduction pathways
Authors: S. S. Stojilkovic
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

Journal Article Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors: Structure and Signal Transduction Pathways Get access Stanko S. Stojilkovic, Stanko S. Stojilkovic 1Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892 *Address requests for reprints to: Stanko Stojilkovic, Ph.D., Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Building 49, Room 6A-36, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John Reinhart, John Reinhart 1Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kevin J. Catt Kevin J. Catt 1Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20892 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrine Reviews, Volume 15, Issue 4, 1 August 1994, Pages 462–499, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-15-4-462 Published: 01 August 1994