tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of tuberculosis aboard a ship
Authors: M. A. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A one-year study of an outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis was conducted aboard a ship with 1,175 men. Twenty-five cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were discovered. Purified protein derivative of tuberculin, Seibert (PPD-S) skin tests were performed serially, and roentgenographic studies were performed at two-month intervals on 532 men chosen because of their close proximity to the three initial active cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. The rest of the ship's complement was studied similarly twice during the year. Tuberculin reactivity rate went from 14.3% to 53.6% among 532 men. All PPD-S skin test converters underwent complete clinical evaluations. Airborne infection is suggested by the rapid spread and extraordinarily high rate of tuberculin conversion. Particular consideration is given to the high susceptibility of tuberculin-sensitive young adult men. Studies of all contacts at frequent intervals are reemphasized as the best means of preventing the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis in a closed environment.
“ERS guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in adults and children.” Alyn H. Morice, Eva Millqvist, Kristina Bieksiene, Surinder S. Birring, Peter Dicpinigaitis, Christian Domingo Ribas, Michele Hilton Boon, Ahmad Kantar, Kefang Lai, Lorcan McGarvey, David Rigau, Imran Satia, Jacky Smith, Woo-Jung Song, Thomy Tonia, Jan W.K. van den Berg, Mirjam J.G. van Manen and Angela Zacharasiewicz. <i>Eur Respir J</i> 2020; 55: 1901136.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2020)
The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: R. G. Hart
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has no single clinical or laboratory feature that is specific and establishes the diagnosis. In recent years, many ancillary investigations, such as oligoclonal proteins, evoked potentials, and computed tomographic scans, have become available to aid the clinician. These investigations are summarized, and an algorithm describing an approach to the diagnosis of MS is given. The importance of careful clinical observation overshadows even these newer tests. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:498-503)
Combinations of Drugs Taken by Pregnant Women Add to Problems in Determining Fetal Damage
Authors: None l
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ALTHOUGH DAMAGE to a fetus can often be minimized if a pregnant woman withdraws early enough from drugs, treatment of drug abuse is rarely so simple, according to Karen Starr, RN, MSN, CSAC, of the Vanderbilt (University) Institute for Treatment of Addiction (VITA), Nashville, Tenn. Many women will not alter their drug intake until pregnancy is actually diagnosed, according to Edgar Adams, PhD, of the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Md. "Two to 3 months may have elapsed by that time, and damage to the fetus may have actually occurred," he says. Often, by the time a woman goes to a clinic, she is already well into her pregnancy and still taking drugs, Starr says. Sometimes it is too late to help the baby even if the mother is then withdrawn from the drugs, she says. <h3>Withdrawal Complications</h3> If the mother has used an opiate or narcotic for more
Council on Pharmacy and Chemistry
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICAL PROGRESS.
Journal: JAMA (1888)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Predictors of left atrial appendage clot: A transesophageal echocardiographic study of left atrial appendage function in patients with severe mitral stenosis Kewal C. Goswami, Rakesh Yadav, M. Bhaskararao, Vinay K. Bahl, Kewal K. Talwar, Subhash C. Manchanda. Cardiothoracic Sciences Center, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Official Call to the Officers and Members of the American Medical Association to Attend the Annual Meeting of the House of Delegates in Chicago, Illinois, June 18-22, 1995
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interleukin 1 ? markedly stimulates nitric oxide formation in the absence of other cytokines or lipopolysaccharide in primary cultured rat hepatocytes but not in Kupffer cells
Authors: H Kitade, K Sakitani, K Inoue, Y Masu, N Kawada, Y Hiramatsu, Y Kamiyama, T Okumura, S Ito
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To investigate whether a single inflammatory cytokine could stimulate nitric oxide formation in the absence of other cytokines or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NO was measured by the redox chemiluminescence method in primary cultured rat hepatocytes and in rat Kupffer cells. Interleukin (IL) 1 beta, but neither IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), nor LPS stimulated NO formation in a dose-dependent manner and induced half-maximal effects at 30 pmol/L. Maximal stimulation was achieved at 12 to 16 hours after the addition of 1 nmol/L of IL-1 beta, and was 50- to 60-fold above basal levels in rat hepatocytes. The combined effect of these cytokines with LPS or IFN-gamma on NO formation was also examined. Neither LPS nor IFN-gamma affected the IL-1 beta-induced NO formation. TNF-alpha, however, stimulated IL-1 beta-induced NO formation, while IL-6 inhibited it, although independently these cytokines had no effect on NO formation. None of the cytokines tested stimulated NO formation in cultured rat Kupffer cells. In hepatocytes, the NO formation induced by IL-l beta was blocked by both the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N G -monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) and by IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). Furthermore, IL-1 beta markedly increased NOS activity, and this increase in activity was accompanied by the expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA). This study clearly demonstrated that IL-1 beta markedly stimulates NO formation in hepatocytes, in the absence of other cytokines or LPS.
Memories of a kind
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1976)

We are often overawed by a candidate for office who never fails to follow-up his "nice to see you" with the name of each of the hundreds of potential supporters whose hands he shakes, and we are similarly impressed by his memory for numbers when he instantly answers all questions pertaining to budgetary matters with mathematical precision to a decimal point. By contrast, the physician has a reputation for forgetting names and numbers. Patients often refer to him as an "absentminded professor." But they often forgive him such memory lapses because of his acknowledged memory for difficult terms— "acrodermatitis enterhepatica," "sulcus zygomaticomaxillaris," "mucormycosis," and like jawbreakers. With a mnemonic load like this, he can hardly be expected to remember numbers or personal names. How true is this stereotype of the physician's memory? A mind that can assimilate the<i>American Pharmacopeia</i>and can retain the number of each brain area, clotting
Extramural Continuing Education
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Frauensport und Frauenkörper: Sportärztliche Betrachtungen eines Frauenarztes.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on CXCR3 ligand secretion in breast cancer.
Authors: H. Bronger, U. R. M. Schwarz-Boeger, S. Kraeft, A. Stöckel, A. Welk, M. Kiechle, M. Schmitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e21158 Background: In murine cancer models, the two IFN-γ inducible chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, those bind to the common receptor CXCR3, recruit NK cells and tumor-suppressive lymphocytes into the tumor site and impair tumor growth and metastatic spread. In human breast cancer, we and others have shown that high levels of CXCL9 mRNA correlate with favorable prognosis and the number of infiltrating lymphocytes. Raising the intratumoral level of CXCR3 ligands might therefore be a feasible way to enhance the infiltration by tumor-suppressive immune cells and to improve immune intervention in breast cancer. Inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX) has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and metastases formation in a lymphocytic and IFN-γ dependent manner. We therefore tested whether COX inhibition induces CXCR3 ligand secretion from breast cancer cells. Methods: Human MCF7 and MDAMB 231 breast cancer cells were stimulated with IFNγ with or without prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or COX inhibitors (indomethacin, aspirin, celecoxib). CXCL9 and CXCL10 release was measured by ELISA. COX-1 and COX-2 expression was measured in 45 breast cancer samples and correlated with intratumoral CXCR3 ligand concentration. Results: PGE2 inhibits CXCL10 and CXCL9 release from breast cancer cells. Aspirin and indomethacin enhance the INF-γ mediated secretion of these CXCR3 ligands by inhibition of endogenous cyclooxygenases. Celecoxib has this effect only at low concentrations, at higher concentrations is shows PGE2 agonistic effects. In human breast cancer samples, COX-2 overexpression inversely correlates with CXCR3 ligand concentration, which shows that the mechanism of PGE2 induced CXCL9/CXCL10 suppression might also be relevant in vivo. Conclusions: Suppressing endogenous PGE2 by cyclooxygenase inhibition increases CXCL9 and CXCL10 release from breast cancer cells and is therefore a feasible way to enhance the infiltration of breast tumors by tumor-suppressive lymphocytes. However, our results show that unselective COX inhibitors might be more suitable than the COX-2 specific celecoxib. Clinical trials are now warranted to clarify the mechanisms and therapeutic efficacy of COX inhibition in breast cancer.
Direct and Indirect Effects of Routine Vaccination of Children With 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Incidence of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease--United States, 1998-2003
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of pneumonia and meningitis in the United States and disproportionately affects young children and the elderly. In 2000, a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was licensed in the United States for routine use in children aged <5 years. Surveillance data from 2001 and 2002 indicated substantial declines in invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children and adults compared with prevaccine years . This report updates assessment of the impact of PCV7 on IPD through 2003 by using population-based data from the Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) of the Emerging Infections Program Network, a cooperative surveillance program conducted by several state health departments and CDC. The results of this analysis indicated that 1) routine vaccination of young children with PCV7 continued to result in statistically significant declines in incidence of IPD through 2003 in the age group targeted for vaccination and among older children and adults, 2) the vaccine prevented more than twice as many IPD cases in 2003 through indirect effects on pneumococcal transmission (i.e., herd immunity) than through its direct effect of protecting vaccinated children, and 3) increases in disease caused by pneumococcal serotypes not included in the vaccine (i.e., replacement disease) occurred in certain populations but were small compared with overall declines in vaccine-serotype disease. Ongoing surveillance is needed to assess whether reductions in vaccine-serotype IPD are sustained and whether replacement disease will erode the substantial benefits of routine vaccination.
Scurvy: Past and Present.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The autopsy
Authors: J. Prutting
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journal'slead article (221:1471, 1971), "An Autopsy Study of Cancer Patients," by Bauer and Robbins merits serious attention because once again, it stresses the importance of the autopsy as a major contributor to medical knowledge. This report, it will be recalled, points out that in a large series of 2,734 autopsies, performed on deceased cancer patients during a ten-year span at the Boston City Hospital, there were 40% serious clinical errors for diagnosing cancer. And, in 26% of the cases, cancer had not been detected at all; 45% of these were fatal. It must be recognized that this is only one among many recurring examples where the procedures of autopsy have placed in question the accuracy of many diagnoses being made by members of our profession. This, of course, is less an indictment of today's medical skills than it is an indication of how much we
AALSD business meeting (members only)
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Objective: The sedative effects of cetirizine (10 mg once daily), diphenhydramine (50 mg three times daily), and placebo, each administered during a 3-day period, were compared with objective measures of sleepiness and performance.Methods: Twelve atopic subjects received each of the three treatments for 3 consecutive days in a double-blind Latin square design. Subjects received either cetirizine at 8:00am and placebo at 3:00pm and 10:00pm; diphenhydramine at 8:00am, 3:00pm, and 10:00pm; or placebo at all three times. Sleepiness was measured on days 1 and 3 with the multiple sleep latency test at 9:00am, 11:00am, 1:00pm, 3:00pm, and 5:00pm. Performance was assessed with a 60-minute simulated assembly line task at 9:30am, 11:30am, 1:30pm, and 3:30pm. Nightly sleep duration was estimated with actigraphy.Results: Compared with placebo and cetirizine, diphenhydramine produced marked impairment only on the first day of drug administration. The multiple sleep latency test and the simulated assembly line task values remained stable across days with cetirizine and placebo but improved with diphenhydramine, resulting in no differences among the three conditions on the third day.Conclusion: Unlike cetirizine, diphenhydramine produced acute impairment of alertness and performance. By the third day of administration, however, this impairment was no longer present, apparently because of development of tolerance to the sedative effects.
Intestinal Levels of Adenosine Triphosphate, Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase, and Lactic Dehydrogenase
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence of Bone-Marrow Embolism Due to Closed Chest Cardiac Massage
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal