tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Viral Vaccines Expressing Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Induce Antibody- and T Cell-Mediated Multistage Protection against Malaria
Authors: Simon J. Draper, Anna L. Goodman, Sumi Biswas, Emily K. Forbes, Anne C. Moore, Sarah C. Gilbert, Adrian V.S. Hill
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2011)

The study was supported by funding from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre program. Recombinant Viral Vaccines Expressing Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Induce Antibody- and T Cell-Mediated Multistage Protection against MalariaDraper et al.Cell Host & MicrobeJanuary 22, 2009In BriefProtecting against both liver and blood stages of infection is a long-sought goal of malaria vaccine design. Recently, we described the use of replication-defective viral vaccine vectors expressing the malaria antigen merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1) as an antimalarial vaccine strategy that elicits potent and protective antibody responses against blood-stage parasites. Here, we show that vaccine-induced MSP-1-specific CD4+ T cells provide essential help for protective B cell responses, and CD8+ T cells mediate significant antiparasitic activity against liver-stage parasites. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Painless chronic sigmoid volvulus
Authors: C. N. Verheyden
Journal: JAMA (1978)

CHRONIC painless sigmoid volvulus apparently has not been described previously. We recently encountered a patient who complained of chronic constipation without recurrent episodes of pain or bowel obstruction. Barium enema examination together with surgical exploration confirmed the presence of chronic sigmoid volvulus associated with megacolon and chronic constipation. We present this case to broaden the spectrum of symptoms that can occur in patients with sigmoid volvulus. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 59-year-old man was referred to the Mayo Clinic for evaluation of possible Hirschsprung's disease. He recalled having been constipated since childhood. The problem had been controlled with enemas, initially one each month but gradually progressing to two or three weekly. In the past five years, he had also taken cathartics with increasing frequency. At the time of his admission he was having one bowel movement each week with the aid of enemas and large doses of milk of magnesia.
PWE-183 Preliminary Significant Findings From A Randomised Control Trial Of Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation In Systemic Sclerosis Associated Faecal Incontinence
Authors: SK Butt, A Alam, A Raeburn, J Liwanag, VH Ong, CP Denton, CD Murray, N Zarate-Lopez, A Emmanuel
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The gastrointestinal tract is affected in up to 90% of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients with faecal incontinence (FI) being reported in up to 38%. Passive faecal incontinence secondary to internal anal sphincter atrophy is the characteristic finding. We have shown that neuropathic changes are implicated in SSc patients with FI and sacral nerve stimulation has emerged as a potentially beneficial therapy in SSc. However this is expensive, invasive, not widely available and we have shown that medium term efficacy is poor. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) is a potential alternative to modulate the sacral plexus indirectly, with none of these disadvantages. This is the preliminary data on a randomised placebo controlled trial of PTNS versus sham PTNS to determine if nerve modulation is an effective treatment in SSc associated FI. <h3>Methods</h3> We commenced a prospective randomised single-blind study of SSc patients with FI in February 2013 from a specialist Scleroderma unit. Baseline symptom scoring (bowel diary, Wexner), manometry and endoanal ultrasound were completed prior to randomization to PTNS or sham. PTNS was administered conventionally, by insertion of an acupuncture needle according to anatomical landmarks, connected to an electrical stimulator. Sham PTNS was administered in identical fashion but the PTNS surface electrode was not connected and instead separate TENS surface electrodes were connected to a TENS unit. Each patient underwent blinded intervention for 30 min periods, once a week for 12 weeks. The primary endpoints were the percentage reduction in faecal incontinence episodes and change in Wexner incontinence scores. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 13 SSc patients (11 f), mean age 61 (36–72) completed the trial by October 2013. Of these 6 (5 f) underwent PTNS and 7 (6 f) patients underwent sham stimulation. All PTNS patients showed a reduction (5–100%) in the number of FI episodes in comparison to 0 sham patients at 12 weeks (p &lt; 0.01 (CI: -81.49–14.34)). This matched an improvement in mean Wexner scores from baseline to treatment end (14.8 to 10.8 vs 13.4 to 13.6, true vs sham respectively, p = 0.03. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This pilot data is demonstrating significant effects of PTNS in Scleroderma-associated FI. We present this significant initial data but anticipate having at least 25 completed patients by May 2014. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
<i>The Size of Several Cranial Nerves in Man as Indicated by the Areas of Their Cross-Sections.</i>By Henry L. Donaldson and T. R. Bolton. From the Neurological Laboratory of Clark University, Worcester, Mass. Reprinted from<i>The American Journal of Psychology,</i>Vol. IV, No. 2, December, 1891; pp. 224-229
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1892)
Experts Focus on Infective Agents of Bioterrorism
Authors: J. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Chicago—Bioterrorism is on the minds of infectious disease specialists these days. And as many gathered here at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, the topic took on a new urgency in the wake of recent deaths and illness caused by anthrax-laced mail.
THU0316 Gender differences in biologic treatment outcomes – a study of 1750 patients with psoriatic arthritis using danish health care registers
Authors: P. Højgaard, C. Ballegaard, R. Cordtz, K. Zobbe, M. Clausen, L.E. Kristensen, B. Glintborg, L. Dreyer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Previous studies have shown conflicting findings on the impact of gender on effectiveness of tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor (TNFI) treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate gender differences in disease manifestations, patient-reported outcomes, comorbidities and treatment effectiveness among patients with PsA treated with their first TNFI <h3>Methods</h3> In this observational cohort study, the nationwide DANBIO register provided prospectively collected data on disease activity and treatment outcomes for PsA patients who initiated their first TNFI in 2000–2015. Data on comorbidities, diagnosed in hospital departments, were obtained by cross-linkage to the Danish National Patient Register. Treatment response was evaluated according to EULAR and ACR criteria at 3- and 6 months. Cox- and logistic regression models analysed the impact of gender on TNFI persistence and response, respectively, while adjusting for a priori selected confounders including clinical-, laboratory- and patient-reported factors, comorbidities and lifestyle characteristics <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1750 PsA patients (53% females) were included. At baseline, women were older (49 years/47 years), more often smokers (32%/26%), had worse patient-reported scores (e.g. global score 71 mm/65 mm) and higher frequencies of hospital-diagnosed anxiety or depression (7%/4%) and chronic pulmonary disease (7%/3%), than men (all p&lt;0.01). Median TNFI persistence was 3.8 years (95% CI 3.0–5.7) in men versus 1.4 (1.1–1.8) in women (p&lt;0.001), figure 1. Men had higher odds of achieving response according to all response criteria, e.g. adjusted odds ratio=3.2 (1.6–6.1) for EULAR good/moderate response at 6 months (vs. women). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Male patients had better TNFI treatment outcomes. Adjustment for baseline risk factors including patient-reported outcomes, disease activity, comorbidities and lifestyle factors did not influence this relationship, which suggests a role of biological factors. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> Thanks to patient-research partner Åse Stampe, to all patients and clinicians reporting to DANBIO, and to statistician Peder Frederiksen and biostatistician Robin Christensen for methodological and statistical advices. Thanks to the Oak Foundation, Danish Rheumatism Association, and Department of Rheumatology at Rigshospitalet, Gentofte. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> P. Højgaard Speakers bureau: Celgene and UCB, C. Ballegaard Speakers bureau: Janssen Pharmaceuticals, R. Cordtz: None declared, K. Zobbe: None declared, M. Clausen: None declared, L. Kristensen: None declared, B. Glintborg Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Biogen, Pfizer, L. Dreyer Speakers bureau: UCB and MSD
Autophagy pathway intersects with HIV-1 biosynthesis and regulates viral yields in macrophages
Authors: George B. Kyei, Christina Dinkins, Alexander S. Davis, Esteban Roberts, Sudha B. Singh, Chunsheng Dong, Li Wu, Eiki Kominami, Takashi Ueno, Akitsugu Yamamoto, Maurizio Federico, Antonito Panganiban, Isabelle Vergne, Vojo Deretic
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)
Botulism in Alaska, 1947 through 1974. Early detection of cases and investigation of outbreaks as a means of reducing mortality
Authors: M. S. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Since 1947, there have been 21 outbreaks of botulism in Alaska, involving 46 people with 13 deaths (28% fatality). In the last six months of 1974, there were four outbreaks. With one exception to date, type E toxin was involved in all outbreaks for which laboratory confirmation has been obtained, and in all instances, Eskimo and Indian foods were the source. Clinical signs and symptoms of nausea and vomiting, dysphagia, diplopia, dilated pupils, and dry throat occurred with great frequency, forming a diagnostic pentad. We recommend that treatment include close medical supervision, supportive care, and the use of antitoxin, cathartics, and, possibly, penicillin. The source of an outbreak must be determined to prevent further cases. Only prompt recognition, therapy, and epidemiologic investigation can reduce the death toll from botulism. (<i>JAMA</i>235:35-38, 1976)
Physician Notes Change In Poisoning Patterns
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Interactions of Oxygen Radicals with Airway Epithelium
Authors: David T. Wright, Leah A. Cohn, Hongfei Li, Bernard Fischer, Cheng Ming Li, Kenneth B. Adler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous disease processes.Epithelial cells lining the respiratory air- ways are uniquely vulnerable regarding potential for oxidative damage due to their potential for exposure to both endogenous (e.g., mitochondrial respiration, phagocytic respiratory burst, cellular oxidases) and exogenous (e.g., air pollutants, xenobiotics, catalase negative organisms) oxidants.Airway epithelial cells use several nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms to protect against oxidative insult.Nonenzymatic defenses include certain vitamins and low molecular weight compounds such as thiols.The enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutatione peroxidase are major sources of antioxidant protection.Other materials associated with airway epithelium such as mucus, epithelial lining fluid, and even the basement membrane/extracellular matrix may have protective actions as well.When the normal balance between oxidants and antioxidants is upset, oxidant stress ensues and subsequent epithelial cell alterations or damage may be a critical component in the pathogenesis of several respira- tory diseases.Oxidant stress may profoundly alter lung physiology including pulmonary function (e.g., forced expiratory volumes, flow rates, and maximal inspiratory capacity), mucociliary activity, and airway reactivity.ROS may induce airway inflammation; the inflammatory process may serve as an additional source of ROS in airways and provoke the pathophysiologic responses described.On a more fundamental level, cellular mecha- nisms in the pathogenesis of ROS may involve activation of intracellular signaling enzymes including phospholipases and protein kinases stimulating the release of inflammatory lipids and cytokines.Respiratory epithelium may be intimately involved in defense against, and pathophysiologic changes invoked by, ROS. -
Chagas enteropathy.
Authors: J V Campos, W L Tafuri
Journal: Gut (1973)

Progress report Chagas enteropathyChagas disease, the usual name given to Trypanosomiasis americana, is widely distributed in Latin America, where it produces a high mortality index among young children as well as incapacity among adults.Its parasitic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, is a flagellate protozoon discovered by Carlos Chagas in 1909,1who described the clinical and pathological events caused by the parasite, and, with remarkable foresight, pointed out the basic features of the disease that might usefully be investigated in the future, especially the consequences of the lesions in the central nervous system.2In fact the destruction of neurones caused by the parasite is the main characteristic of the disease.In this sense an important contribution to the quantitative study of 'Chagasic denervation' has been made by Kbberle and his group. 3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10,11,12,13 The neuronal destruction determined by T. cruzi may affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems; the lesions in the latter are distinctly commoner in the hollow viscera.T. cruzi has a special affinity for muscle tissue although capable of selecting all types of tissue as host.According to Koberle and Alcantara,7 the lesions in the autonomic nervous system are responsible for most of the anatomical and functional disorders occur- ring in hollow muscular organs, such as the heart, oesophagus, small intestine, and colon, and sometimes the bronchi, ureters, and urinary bladder.The damage is more evident in the autonomic nervous system but is slight in the sympathetic nervous system compared with that inflicted upon the para- sympathetic, in smooth and cardiac muscles.The anatomical and functional disorders of Chagas disease, incurred mainly as the direct sequelae of the acute stage, are more important clinically than the infestation itself, which becomes less significant in the chronic stage.Neurolysis of the acute stage follows rupture of the pseudo-cysts, the liberation and disintegration of leishmanial forms of the parasite close to the neurones.3The extent of this early neurolysis will determine the severity of the sequelae and the patient's future degree of clinical adaptation.Cardio- pathy and abnormalities of the digestive tract, especially mega-intestine, are the commonest from the clinical viewpoint.As much as 80% of the cardiac nerve structure may be destroyed, and also, as will be seen later, a large proportion of the neurones of the myenteric plexus of Auerbach.It is worth noting that Chagasic denervation in motile organs such as the heart and digestive tract provides a neurophysiological pattern that would be difficult to reproduce experimentally.In his thesis,14 Meneghelli sees Chagas enteropathy in the small intestine as a pattern in which neurophysiological changes, associated with problems of absorption, opens up an interesting field of study.This report is an attempt to analyse the consequences of Chagasic denervation in the small intestine in the light of recent contri- butions to the subject.
Ceramic glaze as a source of lead poisoning
Authors: R. W. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Plumbism occurred in a patient after he had used a lead-glazed drinking vessel. Apparently, sufficient lead was leached from the mug's glazed inner surface by a soft drink with a pH of 2.7 to result in clinical saturnism after two years of habitual exposure. Laboratory and experimental studies confirmed the available quantity of lead in the source. Similar cases of lead poisoning resulting from the use of acidic food or drink with lead-glazed utensils have occurred in the past.
Abstracts of Poster Session
Authors: Dyes Reynolds, M Anderson, R Maronpot, J Mennear, Cigarette Smoke, K Nelson, G Lucier, R Philpot, R Everson, T Tiernan, T Wong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Dimethoxybenzidine (DMO) and dimethylbenzidine (DM) are used to synthesize dyes such as C.I. Direct Blue 15 and C.I. Acid Red 114, respectively.These commercially used dyes are metabolically degraded to DMO or DM in the intestinal tract of rodents, and subse- quentially, DMO and DM are absorbed into the bloodstream.Animals were exposed to DMO, DM, or the dyes in the drinking water.Tumors obtained from treated animals were examined for the presence of activated oncogenes by the NIH/3T3 DNA transfection assay.Activated oncogenes were detected in 79% (15/19) of the squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell neoplasias, clitoral gland neoplasias, and preputial gland neoplasias tested to date.Southern blot analysis of trans- fectant DNA showed that the transforming properties of the rat tumor DNA were due to the transfer of an activated cellular homologue of either the H-ras or N-ras oncogene.Radioimmunoprecipitation and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the ras proteins from the transfectants exhibited altered electrophoretic mobilities characteristic of point mutated ras genes.The altered electrophoretic mobilities of the ras proteins indicated that different structural mu- tations are responsible for activation of the H-ras gene within the same tumor type.These data suggest that activation of cellular ras genes by point mutation is an important step in the induction of tumors, at least in rodents, by this class of environmental chemicals.
Control of Food Allergies Provides Relief To Patients With Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Product News
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Nuclear Medicine Phantom Mixer The Nuclear Medicine Phantom Mixer (model 76-445) from Nuclear Associates allows a uniform distribution of activity in a cylindrical phantom. It can allow the physician to perform QC requirements faster, reduce radiation exposure in accordance with ALARA, save time, and simplify filling phantom, and it can be used with all cylindrical phantoms. The Nuclear Medicine Phantom Mixer has a small footprint of 10″ × 14.85″ and can accommodate any cylindrical phantom up to 11″ in length and 12″ diameter. FIGUREFigureThis device is easy to use. Just lay the phantom lengthwise on the rollers of the Phantom Mixer and turn the toggle switch on. A standard tank phantom will require approximately 10 minutes of mixing time. After the phantom has been mixed, turn the mixer off. This device features a single-switch operation for extra convenience. For more information or to place an order, call 1-888-466-8257, 516-741-6360, or fax to 516-741-5414. E-mail can be sent to [email protected] You can visit their web site at http://www.inovision.com or http://www.nucl.com. Or write to Nuclear Associates, 100 Voice Road, P.O. Box 349, Carle Place, NY 11514-0349. For more information, contact Stephanie Felner, Director of Marketing, at 516-741-6360, ext. 132.
CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL CLUBFOOT IN INFANTS
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal