tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitors and Hormonal Treatments for Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alexander Tsertsvadze
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common male sexual disorder. The relative benefits and harms of pharmacologic therapies for ED, as well as the value of hormonal testing in men with ED, are uncertain. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and harms of oral phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and hormonal treatments for ED and assess the effect of measuring serum hormone levels on treatment outcomes for ED. Data Sources: English-language studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, AMED, and SCOPUS through April 2009. Trial reference lists also were scanned. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) of oral PDE-5 inhibitors and hormonal treatment for ED, and observational studies reporting measurement of serum hormone levels, prevalence of hormonal abnormalities, or both in men with ED. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers abstracted data on study, participant, and treatment characteristics; efficacy and harms outcomes; and prevalence of hormonal abnormalities. Data Synthesis: Data, primarily from short-term trials (≤12 weeks), indicate that PDE-5 inhibitors were more effective than placebo in improving sexual intercourse success (69.0% vs. 35.0%). The proportion of men with improved erections was significantly greater among those treated with PDE-5 inhibitors (range, 67.0% to 89.0%) than with placebo (range, 27.0% to 35.0%). The PDE-5 inhibitors were associated with increased risk for any adverse events compared with placebo (for example, relative risk with sildenafil, 1.72 [95% CI, 1.53 to 1.93]). In 4 head-to-head RCTs comparing sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil, improvement of ED and adverse events did not differ among treatments. Results from 15 RCTs evaluating hormonal treatment of ED were inconsistent on whether treatment improved outcomes. Evidence was insufficient regarding whether men with ED had a higher prevalence of hypogonadism than men without ED. Limitations: Many RCTs were of low methodological and reporting quality, particularly those involving hormonal treatments or directly comparing different PDE-5 inhibitors. Most RCTs provided only short-term efficacy and harms data. Conclusion: Oral PDE-5 inhibitors improved erectile functioning and had similar efficacy and safety profiles. Results on the efficacy of hormonal treatments and the value of hormone testing in men with ED were inconclusive. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
From the authors
Authors: D. Stolz, M. Tamm
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

In their letter, V. Cottin and co-workers describe the clinical course of a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage III and disproportional pulmonary hypertension, who showed considerable benefit from oral bosentan.The authors noted an improvement in 6-min walking test distance of .160m 2 yrs after initiating bosentan therapy, but also reported a marked increase in carbon dioxide arterial tension levels.Indeed, the case report of V. Cottin and colleagues seems to illustrate the fact that patients with COPD and disproportional pulmonary hypertension could well improve on selective pulmonary vasodilators, despite disadvantageous effects on gas exchange.Nevertheless, with regard to the case report of V. Cottin and colleagues, we believe that the contribution of bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) therapy for possible alveolar hypoventilation (body mass index 41 kg?m 2 ) and residual previous pulmonary embolism might need to be considered in the context of clinical improvement.A further argument supporting the hypothesis that pulmonary hypertension in V. Cottin and colleagues' case report was not solely related to COPD, was the fact that no major abnormalities were evidenced by computed tomography scan and diffusion capacity was well preserved, uncommon findings in advanced emphysema.Moreover, haemodynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension usually improve only marginally in most patients treated with pulmonary vasodilators, even when their clinical response to therapy is excellent [2].In contrast, pulmonary hypertension in patients with adipositas hypoventilation syndrome is largely reversible on BiPAP ventilation, a feature also observed in this case (mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from 65 mmHg to 34 mmHg under ventilation).We fully agree with V. Cottin and colleagues that randomised, controlled trials are the only reliable way to evaluate the efficacy of a drug with regard to a particular patient population.
Translating despair
Authors: J E Sabin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1975)

The author reviews two cases of suicide by Spanish-speaking patients who were evaluated and treated by English-speaking psychiatrists using a translator. He suggests that the patient's emotional suffering may be selectively underestimated when the clinician works by means of translation. The diagnosis may emphasize psychotic features of the illness and minimize the affective component; consequently the risk of suicide may be underestimated.
Reply
Authors: S T Fan
Journal: Gut (1990)

Control 12 (03)f 60 (8 0)t 136 (2 04) 34 0 (0-7)4 36-7 (3-9)4 044 (0O09) § 4-0 (0°5)11 Albumin 0 9 (0-2) 73(11) 136(1 5) 52-0 (12)* 31-0 (2-9) 0-23 (0 05)* 5 9(1-7)
Abstract 1883: Ovarian cancer cells overcome the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by hyper activating CCR9-mediated signaling in response to cisplatin
Authors: Hina Mir, Neeraj Kapur, Shailesh Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Ovarian cancer (OC) has highest mortality rate among the gynecological malignancies. Chemotherapies, in combination with surgery, are standard treatment offered to the patients with advanced OC. Although 80% patients initially respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, clinical responses remain short-lived due to chemoresistance. Most patients experience relapse and 50-60% of them die within 5 years. Therefore, development of novel therapies for OC remains a high priority. Hence, the major focus of this study is to define the biology of CCR9, which is highly expressed in OC in response to platinum drug. Effect of cisplatin on CCR9 expression and impact of CCR9 activation on molecular and cellular changes involved in overcoming the effect of cisplatin was determined by flow cytometric and western blot analyses. Our data show higher expression of CCR9 and CCL25 in OC cells in response to cisplatin treatment. Additionally, our data show higher expression and activation of estrogen receptor-α (ER- α) in OC cell after CCR9 activation. In addition to this, we show CCR9-mediated expression of Smoothened (SMO) known to support stem cell like phenotype by activating Hedgehog signaling and co-expression of CD44 and CCR9 as well as higher CD44 expression in OC cells following CCL25 treatment. CCR9-CCL25 axis promoted epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These observations strongly show an association of CCR9-CCL25 axis in OC pathogenesis, therapeutic resistance, and chemotherapeutic efficacy. Citation Format: Hina Mir, Neeraj Kapur, Shailesh Singh. Ovarian cancer cells overcome the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by hyper activating CCR9-mediated signaling in response to cisplatin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1883.
Estrogen replacement therapy and body fat
Authors: J. A. Blackman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I am writing regarding the cover story by Ms King<sup>1</sup>in which she refers to the "level playing field" of baseball and the fact that it was "the one place where no one, not even he, was an outsider." Is she not aware that at the time the painting was done, blacks were excluded from baseball in the major leagues? This was one of the great travesties of justice in American history, and to imply the opposite, that baseball was somehow a great equalizer at the time, is extremely insensitive and an insult not only to blacks, but to all Americans.
Aldicarb poisoning
Authors: J. M. Witt
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Aldicarb Food Poisoning From Contaminated Melons—California"<sup>1</sup>reports that illnesses occurred that were compatible with carbamate poisoning, although laboratory tests disclosed no aldicarb. The implication was that laboratory analyses are too insensitive to detect aldicarb at levels that can cause human illness. Although no attempt was made to test this hypothesis, information is already available. Since the news media and policymakers may attribute illness to undetectable levels of aldicarb or any other environmental chemical, we felt that a quantitative evaluation of the likelihood of this occurring should be attempted. The relevant limits of sensitivity for the different laboratories involved in these analyses for aldicarb ranged from 0.01 to 0.20 parts per million (ppm). Assuming a worst-case scenario, ie, that the highest limit of detection was 0.20 ppm and that the individual had a large appetite for melon (1.35 kg) and a small body weight
Use of Mass Tdap Vaccination to Control an Outbreak of Pertussis in a High School—Cook County, Illinois, September 2006–January 2007
Journal: JAMA (2008)

On September 6, 2006, the Cook County Department of Public Health (CCDPH) was notified that a local high school student aged 17 years had pertussis. During September 2006-January 2007, 36 pertussis cases directly linked to the high school were identified. Because Bordetella pertussis immunity from childhood vaccinations wanes over time, outbreaks of pertussis can periodically occur among students and staff at middle and high schools. School settings facilitate transmission of pertussis, disrupting school and community activities and putting vulnerable populations, such as unvaccinated infants, at risk. A pertussis booster vaccine suitable for adolescents and adults became available in the United States in 2005, when two new tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccines were licensed for persons aged 10-18 years and 11-64 years, respectively. In 2006, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that all adolescents and adults receive a one-time Tdap booster vaccination. This report summarizes strategies used to control the pertussis outbreak in Cook County, Illinois, including efforts to increase Tdap vaccination coverage. Despite multiple communications recommending Tdap vaccination and implementation of a cough exclusion policy during the pertussis outbreak, student vaccination rates did not increase substantially until a school-based Tdap vaccination clinic was implemented. Because persons at risk for pertussis might not seek vaccination from their usual health-care provider, even during an outbreak, local health departments might consider early implementation of a cough exclusion policy and on-site Tdap vaccination clinic as control measures.
Book: The Tyranny of Health: Doctors and the Regulation of Lifestyle
Authors: S. W G Derbyshire
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Routledge, £9.99, pp 196 ISBN 0 415 23572 3 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In the preface to this remarkable book, Michael Fitzpatrick describes breaking into the house of an elderly couple during a bitterly cold February. The couple had succumbed to a combination of infection and hypothermia. While waiting for the ambulance, Fitzpatrick, a general practitioner working in London, found an untouched leaflet describing the dangers of anonymous sex and the virtues of condoms. This leaflet had been distributed to 23 million homes in the United Kingdom, about half of which contained either an elderly couple or an old person living alone. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Q&amp;A: Omid Farokhzad on Nanomedicine in Cancer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Omid Farokhzad, MD, director of the Center for Nanomedicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, MA, discusses the challenges of moving nanotherapies from the realm of academic innovation to the clinic, stressing the importance of thoroughly understanding the nano-bio interface and its complexities for successful translation.
A phase I trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) and epirubicin in patients with solid tumor malignancies.
Authors: A. P. Moore, S. Thomas, C. J. Ryan, T. M. Jahan, S. G. DuBois, J. K. Chan, K. T. Thurn, E. A. Collisson, A. Reinert, A. Daud, P. N. Munster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

3036 Background: Preclinical and clinical data suggest that pre-exposure of cancer cells to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) reverses resistance to topoisomerase (topo) inhibitors by facilitating DNA access for topo II inhibitors and inhibiting DNA repair leading to apoptosis. Methods: Dose-escalation and -expansion study to explore safety, tolerability, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of oral panobinostat given on days 1, 3, 5 followed by epirubicin 75 mg/m2 day 5 in 21-day cycles. White blood cell counts, histone acetylation (H3, H4) and HDAC2 expression in pre- and post-treatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in tumor cells of patients treated in the dose expansion cohort are evaluated on day 1 and 5. Results: 26 patients have enrolled [7M/19F, median age 48 years (22-80)] in 5 panobinostat cohorts: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg. Tumor types included melanoma (n=6), breast (n=5), sarcoma (n=7), ovarian (n=2), lung (n=2), and one each of neuroblastoma, pancreatic, testicular, and colon cancer. Prior to enrollment, patients received a median of 3 (0-8) prior chemotherapy regimens and 50% had anthracyclines. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) included 1/3 grade 3 fatigue and 1/3 grade 4 thrombocytopenia at 60 mg of panobinostat, 1/6 patient experienced grade 3 atrial fibrillation at 50 mg, defining 50 mg panobinostat and 75 mg of epirubicin as the MTD for this combination. Non-dose–limiting grade 3/4 toxicities include neutropenia (n=12, 55%), febrile neutropenia (n=3, 13%), thrombocytopenia (n=4, 18%), and anemia (n=3, 13%). Of 22 evaluable patients, 5 had partial responses and 7 had stable disease in doxorubicin refractory sarcoma, ovarian, breast and small cell lung cancer. Histone acetylation and day 5 neutropenia will be correlated with HDAC2 expression and panobinostat activity. Conclusions: A sequence-specific combination of panobinostat and epirubicin shows early activity without potentiating epirubicin toxicity. A phase IB study in anthracycline pretreated sarcoma patients is ongoing.
Cerebral Aneurysms of Animals Other than Man
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Weapons for protection in home invasion crimes
Authors: E. A. Suter
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —As discussed in our article, Mantel's<sup>1</sup>criticisms (published some months later) were used by the Tobacco Institute to conduct a massive public relations campaign criticizing Hirayama's article.<sup>2</sup>The point made in our article was that the Tobacco Institute launched this campaign even though some of its consultants, including Dr Lee, had stated that they disagreed with Mantel's analysis. Lee confirms in his letter that he did not agree with Mantel's criticisms of the statistics used in Hirayama's article, which is consistent with our interpretation of the historical record. We did not mean to suggest that Dr Sterling's advisory group was designed to influence the content of the 1967 DHEW report, "Cigarette Smoking and Health Characteristics." The advisory group was established to influence future government reports. Sterling's statement, "No attempts were or could be made to influence the publication of the government public policy document," misses the
WOODMAN, SPARE NOT THAT TREE!
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PHYSICIANS AND RECIPROCITY.
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Authors’ Reply
Authors: Evan A. Farkash, Allecia M. Wilson, Jeffrey M. Jentzen
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2020)

We acknowledge the expertise of the letter writers and appreciate their critical comments. We agree with Delsante et al. [1][1] that there are weaknesses to each modality of detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in autopsy kidneys. Immunohistochemical staining can
The contract for health care
Authors: D. D. Etzwiler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Health care in the United States is undergoing a significant transition. Numerous concerns and criticisms have been expressed regarding the quality, quantity, and cost of medical care. In the April 24, 1972, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, we discussed the present status of patient education and pointed out the need for patients (consumers) to assume an active role in the management of chronic diseases or maintenance of normal health. Consumer participation, however, can be effective only if patients are properly prepared to assume their responsibilities and are accepted as members of the health care team. Currently, patient education and participation is not regarded as an integral part of quality medical care. In a recent national survey we conducted among physicians, nurses, and dietitians, the greatest difficulty in the treatment of a chronic disease was reported to be "a lack of patient knowledge and understanding about his disease and its management." Even federal
Immunologic Findings in Workers Formerly Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and Its Congeners
Authors: Detlev Jung, Peter A. Berg, Lutz Edler, Wolfram Ehrenthal, Dietrich Fenner, Dieter Flesch-Janys, Christoph Huber, Reinhild Klein, Christina Koitka, George Lucier, Alfred Manz, Axel Muttray, Larry Needham, Olaf Papke, Michael Pietsch, Christopher Portier, Donald Patterson, Winfried Prellwitz, Dirk M. Rose, Anne Thews, Johannes Konietzko
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

One hundred ninety-two workers in a German pesticide factory who were exposed to polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and -furans (PCDD/PCDF) were investigated for former and present diseases and laboratory changes of the immune system.Moreover, in a subgroup of 29 highly exposed and 28 control persons, proliferation studies were performed.In addition to assays such as blood count, immunoglobulins, serum electrophoresis, monoclonal bands, surface markers, autoantibodies, and lymphocyte proliferation, two new methods, the rise of tetanus antibody concentration after vaccination and the in vitro resistance of lymphocytes to chromate, were used to diagnose the morphologic and functional state of the immune system.There was no stringent correlation of actual PCDD/PCDF concentrations with the occurrence of infections or with one of the immune parameters.In addition, outcomes of the tetanus vaccination and the chromate resistance test were not correlated with PCDD/PCDF.However, the chromate resistance of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin of highly exposed persons was significantly lower than that for the control group.These findings indicate that the function of lymphocytes can be stressed and possibly impaired by high exposure to PCDD/PCDF.
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, a major mutagenic oxidative DNA lesion, and DNA strand breaks in nasal respiratory epithelium of children exposed to urban pollution
Authors: L Calderón-Garcidueñas, L Wen-Wang, Y J Zhang, A Rodriguez-Alcaraz, N Osnaya, A Villarreal-Calderón, R M Santella
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Fungi have long been known to affect human well being in various ways, including disease of essential crop plants, decay of stored foods with possible concomitant production of mycotoxins, superficial and systemic infection of human tissues, and disease associated with immune stimulation such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and toxic pneumonitis.The spores of a large number of important fungi are less than 5 pm aerodynamic diameter, and therefore are able to enter the lungs.They also may contain significant amounts of mycotoxins.Diseases associated with inhalation of fungal spores include toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tremors, chronic fatigue syndrome, kidney failure, and cancer.