tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver Transplantation
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Liver TransplantationT he liver has many functions, including building proteins and other substances for the body to use, removal of waste products and toxins from the blood, drug metabolism, and energy storage.Liver disease causes these crucial functions to fail.When liver failure is too severe to respond to medications, liver transplantation may be an option.Because transplantation is a major surgical procedure and there is a shortage of available donor organs, not every person with liver failure can receive a transplant.At each transplant center, a multidisciplinary team reviews and selects patients who are then placed on a waiting list for a suitable donor organ.These donor organs are allocated by the organ donor coordinators based on need (most severely ill persons) and compatibility of donor and recipient.The May 10, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about serious liver disease and liver transplantation.
Health Effects of High Level Exposure to Traditional Pollutants in East Germany: Review and Ongoing Research
Authors: H.-Erich Wichmann, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

In East Germany ambient air pollution is characterized by high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and suspended particulates (SP).Since acidity and sulfate are surprisingly low, oxidation of SO2 seems to be incomplete and neutralization seems to play an important role.Few studies on health effects of air pollution in the former German Democratic Republic have been performed.They showed an increased prevalence in polluted areas of respiratory symptoms, lung function decrement, mild anemia, nonspecific stimulation of the immune system and, retardation of skeletal maturation of children.Since the German unification in 1990, several large-scale studies have been started.Short-term effects of air pollution on daily mortality have been investigated in Erfurt retrospectively for 1980 to 1989.Logarithmic exposure-effect curves have been found for both SO2 and SP.The number of deaths increased by about 10% with SO2 and by more than 20% with SP if the 95th percentile of the pollutant is compared to the 5th percentile.The logarithmic shape shows that the increase of ambient concentrations at the beginning of the heating season in fall is more important than further increases in concentrations later in winter.A second study on short-term effects was conducted using daily peak flow measurements and respiratory symptoms in 270 patients with asthma and other obstructive airway diseases in East Germany and the Czech Republic between 1990 and 1992.From regression analysis it follows that an increase by 500 pg/m3 of SO2 leads to a mean decrease of the average patient's peak flow below 2%.Three cross-sectional studies are in progress to compare the existing respiratory health status in East and West Germany.They consider about 9000 adults (20-44 years of age), 9000 school children (9-1 1 years of age) and 10,000 preschool children (age 6).Analysis is ongo- ing.Preliminary analyses show that respriratory symptoms like bronchitis, tonsillitis, recurrent colds, and chronic cough are reported more often in East than in West Germany.In contrast, prevalence of asthma, wheezing, hayfever, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and positive skin tests for com- mon allergies is higher in West Germany.Total IgE (but not specific IgE) is clearly elevated in East Germany.To summarize the results, respiratory symptoms, lung function decrement and daily mortality are compatible with a possible influence of the "classical pollutants" SO2 and SP.For asth- ma prevalence and atopic reactions other risk factors seem to be more relevant.Total IgE in East Germany seems to be related to crowded homes and may reflect specific chains of reinfection.It should be of interest to follow the rapidly changing composition of ambient air (less SO2 and particu- lates and more NO2 and other automobile emissions) as well as improved insulation of homes to observe their effects on the health status of the East German population in the future.
Behavioral Disturbances Associated with Endocrine Disorders
Authors: I. Reus
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1986)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
Pharmacology
Authors: H. Heller
Journal: BMJ (1964)

The CD3 ε subunit of the TCR complex contains two defined signaling domains, a proline-rich sequence and an ITAM. We identified a third signaling sequence in CD3 ε, termed the basic-rich stretch (BRS). Herein, we show that the positively charged residues of the BRS enable this region of CD3 ε to complex a subset of acidic phospholipids, including PI(3)P, PI(4)P, PI(5)P, PI(3,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>, and PI(4,5)P<sub>2</sub>. Transgenic mice containing mutations of the BRS exhibited varying developmental defects, ranging from reduced thymic cellularity to a complete block in T cell development. Peripheral T cells from BRS-modified mice also exhibited several defects, including decreased TCR surface expression, reduced TCR-mediated signaling responses to agonist peptide-loaded APCs, and delayed CD3 ε localization to the immunological synapse. Overall, these findings demonstrate a functional role for the CD3 ε lipid-binding domain in T cell biology.
Fractures of the Middle Facial Skeleton
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Our nation's great public hospitals
Authors: L. S. Gage
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In recent years, health policy analysts and decision makers have increased their concern over the plight of uninsured patients, uncompensated care, and the changing complexion of the nation's health care system.<sup>1-4</sup>This period, however, has seen far less attention focused on the fragile, nationwide network of great public hospitals that already provides those health services—the institutions that serve in effect as America's national health insurance by default. While the Congress has sought repeatedly in the last several years to require extra attention in the Medicare and Medicaid programs to the need of such hospitals, it is only in the last several months that the Reagan Administration has finally been forced to provide such relief (1986 Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act [COBRA] Public Law 99-272). (See Gage L, Newman H: Lawsuits, legislation mean federal relief for ailing hospitals.<i>Legal Times</i>1987;9:14-16.) The series of four articles on public hospitals that is
Private Sector Volunteerism as a Solution to Caring for the Uninsured
Authors: Subrata Saha
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his recent Editorial,<sup>1</sup>Dr Lundberg points out that the biggest problem of our health care system is the 40 million or so people who have no medical insurance coverage. Emergency departments have become an inappropriate site of ambulatory care and physicians in partially full private hospitals spend hours contacting overburdened county and state hospitals to find beds for patients without insurance. This often causes delay in patient care as well as wasting valuable time for the physician. We can significantly improve this situation by making these indigent patients as desirable as patients with insurance. This can be achieved by requiring that every physician and hospital treat 20% of their patients (those that do not have any insurance coverage) free of charge; in exchange, these physicians do not have to face malpractice suits, although patients subject to gross negligence by physicians or health care personnel could
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Jonas S. Friedenwald
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Diabetic retinopathy is characterized by the presence of small, sharply outlined "petechiae" and hard white "exudates" in the retina, usually most concentrated in the posterior pole of the eyeground. Repeated photographing of the fundus shows that the same "petechia" may persist at the same spot for many months. Since small hemorrhages in the retinal tissue in other diseases are regularly absorbed in a few days, it follows that "petechiae" of the diabetic must be enclosed in some protective covering. Nettleship,<sup>1</sup>in 1877, noted the presence of sacular capillary aneurysms in diabetic retinopathy, but little attention was paid to this early observation. The retinal capillary aneurysms of the diabetic were rediscovered by Ballantyne and Loewenstein<sup>2</sup>in 1943. In recent years, knowledge of retinal vascular pathological conditions has been greatly advanced by the study of flat preparations of the whole retina<sup>2</sup>and the visualization of the whole retinal vascular
Elevated glycosaminoglycan content of myxomatous mitral valves is more severe in unileaflet than in bileaflet prolapse Kathryn J. Grande-Allen, Brian P. Griffin, William R. Mills, Norman B. Ratiiff, Delos M. Cosgrove, III, Ivan Vesely. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Myosteatosis is associated with early NASH in the context of obesity and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Maxime Nachit, Greetje Vande Velde, Wilhelmus Kwanten, Jean-Paul Thissen, Maxime De Rudder, Olivier Schakman, Caroline Bouzin, Bart Op De Beeck, Luc Van Gaal, Yves Horsmans, Sven Francque, Isabelle Leclercq
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Holistic Care
Authors: JAMES GAGNE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1978Holistic CareJAMES GAGNE, M.D., MELVYN R. WERBACH, M.D., DAVID E. BRESLER, PH.D.JAMES GAGNE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MELVYN R. WERBACH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID E. BRESLER, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-88-2-271_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: "Major Trends in Psychosomatic Medicine" by Drs. Leigh and Reiser in the August issue (Ann Intern Med87:233-239, 1977) is an important review of the benefits that may result from a more inclusive view of the patient and of the illness process. We, too, have been impressed by the depth and usefulness of a holistic systems model of illness that includes interacting constitutional, developmental, environmental, and interpersonal factors. We attribute much of our success in our specialty, chronic pain control, to developing as broad an understanding as possible of each patient's problem through use of a holistic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JAMES GAGNE, M.D.; MELVYN R. WERBACH, M.D.; DAVID E. BRESLER, PH.D.Affiliations: UCLA Pain Control Unit Los Angeles, CA 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1978Volume 88, Issue 2 Page: 271-271 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Recent advances in clinical and experimental transplantation
Authors: F. T. Rapaport
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE SIXTH International Congress of the Transplantation Society was characterized by a recrudescence of interest in the various aspects of transplantation biology and medicine, and particularly in cell-to-cell interaction. The general consensus at the close of the meeting was that a firm basis had been established for the acquisition of new biological facts of direct relevance, not only to transplantation, but also in the understanding of a wide variety of disease processes in man. <h3>CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION</h3> The 13th (and final) report of the International Human Renal Transplant Registry of The American College of Surgeons, National Institutes of Health, was one of the highlights of the Congress. This report detailed the experience with 24,193 kidney transplants performed at 301 institutions, including 165 in the United States, since 1963. Six institutions performed more than 51 transplants per year in each of the five years ending in June 1976; eight
AUTHOR'S REPLY
Authors: J Jordanoglou, G Tatsis, J Danos, S Gougoulakis, D Orfanidou, M Gaga
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Alveolar partial pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen measured by a helium washout techniqueThe estimation of arterial carbon dioxide pressure (Paco2) by Professor J Jordanoglou and colleagues (July 1990;45:520-4) assumes the equivalence of Bohr-Enghoff deadspace' with the helium deadspace by multiple breath washout (the "ventilatory deadspace" of Cumming and Guyatt5).In a letter to Clinical Science following their previous paper' I pointed out the fallacy of this assumption.4I note that in their Thorax paper the authors mention pulmonary embolism as a cause ofdiscrepancy and took steps to exclude this in their patients.Any kind ofventilation- perfusion (V/O2) mismatch, however unless due solely to ventilation-volume (V/V) mis- match, will introduce such a discrepancy, and their patients with chronic bronchitis and asthma must be presumed liable to such I/a non-uniformity.This doubtless accounts for much of the rather wide scatter in their figure 2. The 95% confidence interval about regres- sion is about + 154 kPa (115 mm Hg).Another difficulty is that the ventilatory dead- space for helium increases, during washout, with breath number if V/V mismatching is present.The choice of first breath deadspace by Professor Jordanoglou and colleagues is quite arbitrary.This criticism is not merely about in- accuracy.The rebreathing method for oxygenated mixed venous carbon dioxide tension (Pvco2)' is inaccurate, as all methods are.But the target is the intended one.The
Problems with balloon-tipped stylet pacemaker catheters
Authors: R. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Balloon-tipped stylet pacemaker catheters have two intraluminal styletrelated limitations that warrant extreme caution in their use. The first limitation involves manipulation of the stylet inside the catheter and appears to be a consequence of the angulation made by the catheter in the right atrium; the second limitation is a complication involving actual in vivo fracture of the stylet and is presumably related to tapering of the stylet at a point of stress in the right atrium. Although these pacemaker catheters have distinct advantages, the problems arising from their use cannot be ignored. Until modification can be made to resolve these problems, this catheter must be used with extreme caution. (<i>JAMA</i>235:51-52, 1976)
Reply
Authors: Gitte Dam, Hendrik Vilstrup, Hugh Watson, Peter Jepsen
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Watson is employed by and owns stock in Sanofi. Reply: We thank de Mattos et al. for the interest in our study. They highlight two limitations of our study, both of which we expand upon here. Their first point concerns changes in proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use during follow‐up. In the Cox regression analysis of the effect of current PPI use (hazard ratio for current use vs. current nonuse = 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.01−1.84), we did control for changes in PPI use during the follow‐up. Recording of PPI use throughout the study period was included in the original study. This piece of information may not have been perfectly recorded, for example, because patients may not have been truthful. However, that is not a study design flaw. A randomized trial would face the same challenges. Their second point is about lactulose. We agree that lactulose use may serve as a marker of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (HE; current or previous) or a perceived high risk of HE, as discussed in the article. However, we disagree with the statement that "When only lactulose nonusers were evaluated, the impact of PPI on HE was actually lost (95% confidence interval included the null value)." The estimated effect of PPIs on HE among lactulose nonusers was 1.33, not 1. The confidence interval indicates the precision in the 1.33 estimate (which depends on the number of HE episodes); it does not indicate whether 1.33 is "effect" or "no effect." We think that it is a clinically significant effect—almost exactly the same as in the primary analysis, in which it was 1.36. Ken Rothman has elaborated on the frequent confusion between effect estimation and hypothesis testing.1 Finally, we very much agree with de Mattos et al.'s statement that physicians should avoid the indiscriminate use of PPIs.
The making of a smoke-free medical center
Authors: R. D. Hurt
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The concept of smoke-free medical facilities is in its formative stages, and such policies have received broad support. Although smoking has been restricted at Mayo Medical Center for many years, in 1986 it was decided that the medical center should become smoke free. This report summarizes the methods used in developing and implementing a smoke-free policy. This experience suggests that with proper planning, the implementation can be smooth. The message being given to patients and staff concerning the health risk of smoking is now more consistent, and there has been wide acceptance of the policy by staff and patients. It is concluded that such a policy can be effectively implemented, if it is well planned and supported. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:95-97)
Psychiatrists analyze their present problems, project a bright future
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Anxiety about the future of psychiatry was balanced by acceptance of some need for changing its practice among many of the 5,100 members who attended the annual meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) held recently in Los Angeles. These concerns were addressed particularly at a symposium entitled "1984 and Beyond: Psychiatry Encounters the Future," chaired by Judd E. Marmor, MD, Franz Alexander Professor of Psychiatry Emeritus, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and adjunct professor of psychiatry, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles. Marmor told a large audience that "the shadow of George Orwell's novel<i>1984</i>looms" over psychiatrists. "Our profession is being increasingly subjected to challenging criticism," he said, "by those who see psychotherapy, somatic therapies, and psychiatric hospitalization as constituting an ominous threat to the freedom of the human spirit and as harbingers of 'thought police.' " However, Marmor added: "Of greater concern are others,
Suppression of the Neutral Protease Activity of Macrophages Treated with Asbestos in Vitro
Authors: John A. Hamilton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Macrophages are often conspicuous in asbestos-induced inflammatory lesions. Chrysotile type B elicits macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of mice which produce high levels of the neutral protease, plasminogen activator; in vitro addition of these same fibers to mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulates enzyme production. It is reported here that, for endotoxin-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages fed chrysotile type B in vitro, the increased plasminogen activator activity is suppressed by low concentrations of anti-inflammatory steroids. Other active drugs include colchicine and vinblastine. These studies are considered important, as they suggest an approach to controlling the levels of a potentially deleterious enzyme system (PA-plasmin) from macrophages treated with asbestos fibers.
Why the Carter Center?
Authors: E. N. Brandt
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Prevention of disease and the promotion of health are the highest achievement of medicine. Application of the science and principles underlying these concepts will lead to decreased pain, suffering, disability, and premature death. The evidence for this is clear, but, unfortunately, the application does not occur consistently. Hence, the American people experience needless pain, suffering, disability, and premature death. Yet, such simple things as the use of seat belts, sensible eating, not smoking, and moderation in the use of alcohol would benefit literally millions of people. Can anything be done? In November 1984, I was privileged to cochair, with former President Jimmy Carter, a "consultation" at The Carter Center, located at Emory University. The results of studies indicating the needless deaths from failure to heed prevention principles and practice were clearly and completely related. A variety of topics (violence, digestive diseases, injuries, smoking, and others) were covered, and the data
Common Patterns of Water and Electrolyte Change in Injury, Surgery and Disease
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

Water Intoxication Clinical setting and appearances. Acute water intoxication is encountered in postoperative patients who have been given too much water or other hypotonic solutions during their period of post-traumatic antidiuresis (Fig. 5). The route of administration is immaterial; this effect has been produced when the solutions were given by mouth, by vein, by clysis or by rectal infusion. Drowsiness and weakness are early symptoms, followed by coma and convulsions. Characteristic plasma pattern. A rapidly falling plasma sodium concentration, with a proportional change in total osmolality, characteristically coming on after trauma,‡ is the sign of water intoxication. The patient will . . .