tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of autonomic modulation on human oesophageal pain hypersensitivity
Authors: C. A. Botha, H. Naqvi, Y. C. Chua, C. H. Knowles, Q. Aziz
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGID) often display persistent and heightened pain sensitivity to experimental gut stimulation, a phenomenon known as Visceral Pain Hypersensitivity (VPH). Current management of pain in FGID involves the use of either antispasmodics or antidepressants; both are often unsatisfactory. The role of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in modulating pain is well known; however, the effect of ANS modulation on VPH has not been studied. <h3>Methods</h3> The aim was to determine whether physiological modulation of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) influences the degree of oeosophageal VPH in healthy volunteers using a validated model.10 healthy volunteers (avr age 30.5 years; 8 male, 6 w-British) underwent psychological profiling for stress, anxiety and personality type. <i>Study 1</i>: Pain thresholds to proximal and distal oesophageal electrical stimulation were measured. Thereafter the subjects underwent hydrochloric acid infusion (0.15 M) in the distal oesophagus for 30 min. This was followed by measurements of oesophageal pain threshold (using visual analogue scales) to electrical stimulation in the proximal, unexposed oesophagus at 30, 60 and 90 min. Study 2 was performed at an interval of 2 weeks and the protocol was identical to that of study 1 except that during the acid infusion cardiac vagal tone(CVT) was increased by deep breathing at full inspiratory capacity in 4 sec followed by forced expiratory vital capacity in 6 sec at a frequency of 0.1 Hz (6 breaths/minute, over 5 min). ANS was monitored throughout in both studies. <h3>Results</h3> The majority of volunteers were ‘agreeable extroverts’, which are protective personality factors. There was only 10% depression and 20% anxiety, showing our exclusion criteria effective. 70% of the subjects rated significant for alexithymia and showed a weak non-significant correlation with the level of sensitisation to acid (r = 0.49 p = 0.14). In study 1 in comparison to baseline, we observed a reduction in CVT during acid exposure while in study 2 the CVT increased during acid exposure, that is, (study 1 difference of -0.09 vs baseline; study 2 difference of 4.93 vs baseline) (p = 0.006). In study 2, all 10 volunteers reduced their level of oesophageal sensitisation to acid in comparison to study 1 with 50% failing to sensitise completely. Overall there was a reduction in sensitisation of 16 mA between study 1 and 2 (p = 0.004). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This preliminary study suggests that the parasympathetic nervous system has anti-hyperalgesic properties in human oesophageal VPH. This data points to a possible change in the way we treat visceral pain, highlighting likely new targets for the development of novel treatments. Further research is now required with a powered study focusing on exploring mechanism of desensitisation during deep breathing.
GEORGE R. MURRAY (1865-1939) CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGIST
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Playing for the health team
Authors: P. C. Schreckenberger
Journal: JAMA (1970)

It is difficult to address myself to my experiences in dealing with problems as a member of the health team because I do not feel at this time that I am part of a team. I am vaguely aware that a health team has been formed, but it is clear that the team is not functioning as such. The concept of team is defined as people working together with a special coordination of effort and collective efficiency; it means a natural sense of teamwork and a spirit of comradeship that makes for successful cooperation. The word "team" we have; the action of team we lack. It is possible that some feel we do not need the health-team concept. It is in repudiation of those who might feel this way that I will now address myself. In 1900 the health team consisted of one supportive person to each physician and dentist.
Identification of Environmental Chemicals with Estrogenic Activity Using a Combination of In Vitro Assays
Authors: Diane M. Klotz, Barbara S. Beckman, Steven M. Hill, John A. McLachlan, Marian R. Walters, Steven F. Arnold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Environmental chemicals that function as estrogens have been suggested to be associated with an increase in disease and dysfunctions in animals and humans. To characterize chemicals that may act as estrogens in humans, we have compared three in vitro assays which measure aspects of human estrogen receptor (hER)-mediated estrogenicity. Chemicals were first tested for estrogen-associated transcriptional activity in the yeast estrogen screen (YES). This was created by expressing hER and two estrogen response elements linked to the lacZ gene in yeast. Second, chemicals that were tested in YES were then assayed for direct interaction with hER in a competition binding assay. Third, chemicals were tested in the estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line transiently transfected with a plasmid containing two estrogen response elements linked to the luciferase gene. Together, these assays have identified two metabolites of DDT, o,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDD, that have estrogenic activity. Interestingly, previous studies had reported that the DDD metabolites were nonestrogenic in whole animal models. Alachlor, the most frequently used herbicide in the United States, cis-nonachlor, and trans-nonachlor displayed weak estrogenic activity in the combined assays. The antifungal agent benomyl had no estrogenic activity. We propose that a combination of in vitro assays can be used in conjunction with whole animal models for a more complete characterization of chemicals with estrogenic activity.
Correction for Nixon et al
Journal: BMJ (2006)

sites in 16 countries, the initial merger of existing databases has yielded a primary group of 2200 well characterised patients with definite infective endocarditis by the Duke criteria, allowing the assessment of regional differences in presentation and outcome.Indeed, analysis of the dataset has already enabled valuable insight into emerging epidemiological patterns of the disease and its clinical presentation.w18-w21 In future, this platform will provide the basis for sorely needed adequately sized randomised clinical trials in the management and treatment of infective endocarditis.w22 w23 The futureSeveral exciting developments offer the prospect of improved prevention and treatment of infective endocarditis.Vaccines targeted at specific bacterial adhesins may inhibit valve colonisation, and newer antibacterial agents with novel effects may attenuate the invasive properties of virulent organisms such as Staph aureus. 1 Finally, modified biomaterials in development may reduce the risk of infective endocarditis in patients with artificial heart valves or other intracardiac prosthetic material.However, despite these advances, the diagnosis and management of infective endocarditis remain a considerable challenge across the range of medical disciplines.
A CLINICAL METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF BLOOD SUGAR IN MINUTE QUANTITIES OF BLOOD
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of different metronidazole therapeutic regimens for bacterial vaginosis. A meta-analysis
Authors: V. I. Lugo-Miro
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the treatment of bacterial vaginosis with metronidazole to determine if there is a therapeutic regimen that is superior to all others with regard to cure and recurrence rates. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Computer-assisted literature search, Medical Subject Index review, and references cited in articles identified. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Clinical trials comparing different oral metronidazole regimens in which diagnostic criteria for bacterial vaginosis and criteria to detect cure to treatment were described. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Articles that met inclusion criteria were critically appraised and those that passed were included in the analysis. Of 52 initial articles, 10 met criteria for inclusion and passed critical appraisal. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Patients were divided in groups according to the duration of therapy received: group A (n=413), 2-g single dose; group B (n=193), 2-g single daily dose for 2 days; group C (n=317), 5 days; and group D (n=280), 7 days. Cure rates on initial evaluation for the groups were 85%, 87%, 86%, and 87%, respectively. χ<sup>2</sup>Contingency table analysis showed no significant difference in cure rates among the groups (<i>P</i>=.78). Only 465 of these patients were evaluated for recurrence of disease. There was no significant difference in cure rates after 4 weeks of therapy (<i>P</i>=.4). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A 2-g single-dose metronidazole regimen is as effective as a single daily dose given for 2 days or a 5-day course or a 7-day course. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:92-95)
Skin signs of primary immunodeficiencies: how to find the genes to check
Authors: M. Ettinger, J. Schreml, K. Wirsching, M. Berneburg, S. Schreml
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Primary immunodeficiencies are rare chronic disorders, in which parts of the immune system either lack or function improperly. Thus, the immune system is weakened, and patients are more susceptible to germs that can cause infections. Patients can have various symptoms, but all have repeated prolonged and/or serious infections, sometimes from uncommon germs. Half of the patients have symptoms on their skin, which can help a doctor to recognize the underlying immune disorder. Therefore, the authors of this study provide a table to make it easier for the physician to diagnose an immune disorder according to the skin signs once an immunodeficiency is suspected. They list typical skin manifestations and the according diseases and genes to check.
A Technique for Sampling Bone Marrow From the Living Mouse
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RENAL CARBUNCLE
Authors: THOMAS D. MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Carbuncle of the kidney may be defined as a metastatic, circumscribed, conglomerate suppurative process, usually caused by<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, having its origin in some superficial focus, such as a furuncle, paronychia or carbuncle. Israel<sup>1</sup>first described the disease in 1901, referring to it as carbuncle because of its striking similarity to an ordinary superficial carbuncle. That the name has met with general acceptance is evident from its employment in the medical literature of the world. It is adequately descriptive of the condition, although its pathogenesis differs widely from the ordinary skin carbuncle. A review of the literature reveals only forty-two cases and reference to twenty-two others, the details of which are lacking. The few cases reported not only may denote the rarity of the disease but also may be construed as indicating the difficulty of diagnosis. It is especially interesting to note that perinephric abscess was present in fifteen
ABOLITION OF REFLEX VOMITING AS A SYMPTOM OF HYSTERIA.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

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LAW &amp;amp; MEDICINE
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
March 26
Authors: Gardner McFall
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pradefovir in naive or experienced adult patients with chronic infection of hepatitis B virus: week24 results from 23 multicentre, double-blind, randomised, non-inferiority, phase2 trials
Authors: Yanhang Gao, Fei Kong, Guangming Li, Qianguo Mao, Zong Zhang, Xinwen Song, Jia Shang, Lvfeng Yao, Jinyu Xia, Yanzhong Peng, Weidong Liu, Huanyu Gong, Mao Mu, Hesong Cui, Tao Han, Wen Chen, Xiaolu Wu, Yongfeng Yang, Xuebing Yan, Zhenjing Jin, Peng Wang, Qingjing Zhu, Liang Chen, Caiyan Zhao, Dengke Zhang, Weili Jin, Daidi Wang, Xiuhong Wen, Tingchun Wang, Bo Tan, Yanhua Ding, Junqi Niu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Physicians and the mental illnesses: the nudge from ADAMHA
Authors: D. X. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The overview article<sup>1</sup>from the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA) published in the April 18, 1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>vividly highlights the prevalence and costs of substance abuse and mental illnesses and our deficiencies in diagnosing and treating them. The broad scan of epidemiologically well-established facts, of the excess of mortality, and of medical resource utilization should be eye-opening. Yet the very generality of the prescription— improved education—and the unavoidable monotony of the catalog of defects may be mind-dulling. This would be unfortunate. The multiple assertions refer to real and not fictional issues. For almost a decade, we have known that well over 50% of all cases of these illnesses are encountered in the primary care rather than specialty sector. Today, we should expect no less than a sound physical workup in psychiatric patients and an equally competent physical and psychodiagnostic workup in medical patients with
CONTRIBUTIONS FOR BELGIAN AND FRENCH PHYSICIANS
Authors: W. W. Keen
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I beg to acknowledge the following contributions in money and instruments for the Belgian and French civilian doctors to aid them when they return to their devastated homes. <h3>INSTRUMENTS</h3> Dr. John M. Ball, St. Joseph, Mo.; Dr. A. S. Doloff, Lewiston, Maine; Dr. J. Hall Allen, Philadelphia; Dr. A. F. Radzinski, Detroit; Dr. G. V. Janvier, Lansdowne, Pa.; Dr. DeWitt C. Rodenhurst, Philadelphia, N. Y.; one package of instruments, name of donor unfortunately mislaid; Dr. W. W. Keen, Philadelphia. Messrs. Harvey R. Pierce &amp; Co. have very kindly taken charge of the instruments and packed them carefully for shipment.
Suicide and the menstrual cycle
Authors: A. J. Mandell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

DALTON,<sup>1</sup>after analyzing admission records in two large English mental hospitals, reported an interesting relationship between phase of the menstrual cycle and time of admission for (1) acute psychiatric disturbance, (2) attempted suicide, and (3) depressive illness. In each of these categories, the highest incidence occurred during the first four days of menstruation; the second highest was during the four premenstrual days, and the third highest was in midcycle. Because of the lag factors involved with hospital admission (calling, scheduling, etc), we wondered if the maximum psychiatric disturbance was actually in the premenstrual period (more popularly believed to be the time of maximum upset) rather than in the early menstrual days as indicated in this study. An opportunity to use what we thought would be a more responsive variable, requiring less time and movement on the part of the patient, became available to us—telephone calls to the Los Angeles
THE LABOR MOVEMENT AND MEDICINE.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
James Parkinson
Authors: James Nels Nelson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

JAMES PARKINSON combined the ability to observe, the gift of vivid writing, "and the urge born of a keen social conscience to record his observations for the benefit of others."1 This produced, in 1817, An Essay on the Shaking Palsy. The eponymic designation of this syndrome and Parkinson's fame appear to rest on the fact that actual knowledge of the condition of shaking palsy made little progress through the years. It is this frail thread that has led to his secure niche in medical history. His date of birth remained unknown until Rowntree2 found it recorded in St. Leonard's Shoreditch . . .