tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BUBONIC PLAGUE.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thalidomide inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha, decreases nitric oxide synthesis, and ameliorates the hyperdynamic circulatory syndrome in portal-hypertensive rats
Authors: J Lopez-Talavera
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A hyperdynamic circulatory state frequently is observed in portal hypertension with liver failure or extensive portal-systemic shunting. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) causes marked hypotension in mammals by inducing nitric oxide synthesis and has been shown to play a role in the development of the hemodynamic changes observed in portal hypertension. Thalidomide selectively inhibits TNF production by enhancing messenger RNA degradation. We investigated the systemic and portal hemodynamic effects of thalidomide in a prehepatic model of portal hypertension and evaluated whether suppressing TNF synthesis decreases NO production. Portal hypertension was induced by partial ligation of the portal vein (PVL). Animals received thalidomide (T) (50 mg/kg/d) + water or water alone (W), orally, daily for 2 days before and 13 days after PVL operation, at which time hemodynamic studies were performed and TNF plasma levels were obtained. Sham-operated animals were studied identically. In an additional group of PVL animals, 24-hour urinary excretion of NO2- and NO3- was measured during treatment. PVL animals receiving T presented with a significantly higher mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance and significantly lower portal pressure, TNF plasma levels, and 24-hour urinary excretion of NO2- and NO3-, in comparison with rats receiving W. A significant correlation (r = -0.61) was observed between TNF plasma levels and mean arterial pressure among PVL animals. Thalidomide did not have any significant effects on sham rats. Thalidomide inhibits TNF synthesis and reduces NO production, blunts the development of the hyperdynamic circulation, and decreases portal pressure in PVL-operated rats. (Hepatology 1996 Jun;23(6):1616-21)
PATRIOTIC PHILADELPHIA.
Authors: H. A. Hare
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Philadelphia, which has long held the pennant as the most faithful and loyal friend of theAmerican Medical Association(if any superlative may properly be applied to the many faithful and loyal friends of the Association), has given a new proof of her affection and respect, as appears from the following letter from Dr.Hobart A. Hare, lately Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements: <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the meeting of the Board of Trustees of theAssociationheld on the last day of the Semi-Centennial Meeting at Philadelphia in June, 1897, it was voted at my request, as Chairman of the Committee of Arrangements, that the sum of $1,000 be appropriated for the purpose of aiding the Committee in meeting its expenses. The Committee has now settled all its accounts and is glad to report that it is able to return to the Treasurer of the Association the
Trends in medical knowledge as assessed by the certifying examination in internal medicine
Authors: J. J. Norcini
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The past decade has seen less competition for medical school positions accompanied by the declining interest of medical students in internal medicine. At the same time, the number of first postgraduate—year positions in internal medicine residencies has increased, as has the number of first-year residents who take those positions. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in the medical knowledge of internal medicine residents during the past 6 years. Comparison of performance on the items common to pairs of the certifying examinations of the American Board of Internal Medicine from 1983 to 1988 revealed that the scores of candidates in the reference group have declined, but not dramatically. This trend has occurred among candidates from the top residency programs as well as all other residency programs, and it is present in candidates of all levels of overall clinical competence. Continuing declines in this area could ultimately affect patient care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:2402-2404)
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 4(5) May 2007
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

This image, which shows the World Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, takes its theme from the paper by Holger J. Schünemann and colleagues Schünemann et al.). The authors describe the development and pilot testing of the new WHO Rapid Advice Guidelines Group. In response to requests for advice from clinicians and public health professionals on how to treat H5N1 avian influenza, WHO convened a new type of panel to issue rapid, evidence-based advice. The paper is discussed further in the accompanying Editorial, which also outlines the strengths and weaknesses of the WHO's new revision of the International Health Regulations. Image Credit: Photograph by Holger J. Schünemann
Cholesterol Screening of Children
Authors: Iraj A. Kashani
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The December 19, 1990, issue of<i>JAMA</i>is of special interest to the students of pediatric preventive cardiology. Lauer and Clarke<sup>1</sup>present data from the Muscatine Study and demonstrate imperfect tracing of serum cholesterol levels from childhood to adulthood, arguing against universal screening of children. A Special Communication by Newman et al<sup>2</sup>eloquently presents their views against childhood cholesterol screening. While the debate reflects the good health of pediatric preventive cardiology, it seems to overshadow the concept of modest and proven harmless life-style changes in children. The need to affect lower cholesterol distribution in all children is justified since the entire adult cholesterol distribution in the United States is high and the majority of heart attack victims are in low- to moderate-risk groups. The Muscatine values are each based on single determinations. A recent study<sup>3</sup>shows that the within-person fluctuations of serum lipoprotein levels
BUDAPEST
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>The Medical Meeting at Balatonfüred</h3> A medical congress was held, May 9-16, at the picturesque bathing resort Balatonfüred on Lake Balaton. The congress was attended by an unusually large number of physicians; in fact, it belied the misery in the profession which, unfortunately, is extant. On the other hand, the large attendance is proof that physicians can spare a week to go to the congress, as they lose little by being absent from their practice. Joseph Sümeghi, councilor of health, read a paper on "The Practitioner and Balneology." Practitioners are recommending less and less the use of natural waters, in spite of the fact that in the treatment of chronic diseases they are indispensable. The ways by which baths affect disease vary and it is necessary that physicians know about them. Balneology is not a compulsory study at the universities, but it should be regarded as a part of pharmacology
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Alone and With Medication for Persistent Insomnia
Authors: Yebing Yang
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evaluation of Doxepin Hydrochloride
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemostasis and hemorrhage in liver disease
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cases of Influenza A (H5N1)—Thailand, 2004
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Since mid-December 2003, eight Asian countries (Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam) have reported an epizootic of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry and various other birds caused by influenza A (H5N1). As of February 9, 2004, a total of 23 laboratory-confirmed human cases of influenza A (H5N1) had been reported in Thailand and Vietnam. In 18 (78%) of these cases, the patients died. Clinical experience with avian H5N1 disease in humans is limited. The human H5N1 viruses identified in Asia in 2004 are antigenically and genetically distinguishable from the 1997 and February 2003 viruses. To aid surveillance and clinical activities, this report provides a preliminary clinical description of the initial five confirmed cases in Thailand.
HSD3B1 and resistance to androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer.
Authors: Jason W.D. Hearn, Ghada AbuAli, Chad A. Reichard, Chandana A. Reddy, Cristina Magi-Galluzzi, Kai-Hsiung Chang, Rachel Carlson, Laureano J Rangel, Kevin Reagan, Brian Davis, Jeffrey Karnes, Manish Kohli, Donald J Tindall, Eric A. Klein, Nima Sharifi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

5015 Background: The somatic mutation HSD3B1(1245A > C) has been mechanistically linked to castration-resistant prostate cancer by encoding a mutant enzyme that augments intratumoral dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis. Given the HSD3B1(1245C) allele is also frequently found in the germline, we hypothesized men inheriting this variant allele would exhibit resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Methods: We determined HSD3B1 genotype retrospectively in men treated with ADT for post-prostatectomy biochemical failure. We analyzed progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) according to HSD3B1 genotype using Kaplan-Meier methods. Demographic and treatment characteristics were compared to assess for potential confounders using Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. Multivariable analyses were performed to assess the independent predictive value of HSD3B1 genotype on outcomes. Results were independently validated in two external cohorts, including a second post-prostatectomy cohort and a metastatic cohort. Results: 443 patients were included: 118 in the primary cohort, 137 in the post-prostatectomy validation cohort, and 188 in the metastatic validation cohort. In the primary cohort, median PFS diminished as a function of the number of variant alleles inherited (6.6 years in homozygous wild-type men, 4.1 years in heterozygotes, and 2.5 years in homozygous variants; P = 0.01). Median DMFS likewise diminished according to the number of variant alleles inherited (9.1 vs. 6.8 vs. 3.6 years, respectively; P = 0.01). Finally, OS decreased with the number of variant alleles inherited (5-year and 10-year OS: 82% and 55% vs. 74% and 35% vs. 58% and 0%; P = 0.006). On multivariable analysis, the impact of HSD3B1 genotype on metastasis (hazard ratio (HR) 2.8; P = 0.023) and death (HR 3.3; P = 0.016) was maintained. Findings in the external cohorts independently validated the profound impact of HSD3B1(1245C) on outcomes, including overall survival. Conclusions: Inheritance of the HSD3B1(1245C) allele that enhances dihydrotestosterone synthesis predicts innate resistance to ADT in prostate cancer.
"DISSOCIATION OF AIRWAY INFLAMMATION AND HYPERRESPONSIVENESS BY CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITION IN ALLERGEN CHALLENGED MICE". L. SWEDIN, T. NEIMERT-ANDERSSON, J. HJOBERG, S. JONASSON, M. VAN HAGE, M. ADNER, A. RYRFELDT AND S-E. DAHLEN. EUR RESPIR J 2009; 34: 200-208.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)
Allergic Reactions to Drugs and Biologic Agents
Authors: R. Patterson, J. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ADVERSE reactions to drugs are common clinical problems and a significant source of morbidity and mortality. The true prevalence is difficult to determine, but estimates of drugrelated complications have ranged from 6% to 15% of hospitalized patients. A variety of mechanisms, presumably unrelated to hypersensitivity, account for the majority of these reactions (Table 6-1). Actual allergic or immunologic drug reactions likely account for 25% or less of the overall number of adverse drug reactions (Table 6-2). A minority of adverse drug reactions, perhaps 6% to 10%, are secondary to or closely associated with immunologic mechanisms (Table 6-2). The classification (as listed in Tables6-1 and 6-2) is arbitrary. Many of the mediators of hypersensitivity are involved in the host's response to toxic injury. It is often difficult to tell if a condition represents a primary hypersensitivity reaction or a response to another form of organ damage. An understanding of the
Abstract P239: Clinical Risk Factors Related to Biological versus Chronological Heart Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Rachel Zmora, Pamela J Schreiner, Duke Appiah, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Jamal S Rana, Cora E Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Recent analysis of BRFSS data used the non-laboratory-based Framingham 10-year cardiovascular (CVD) risk calculator to derive biological heart age in older adults. . This calculator utilizes cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors sex, age, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diabetes status, smoking status and antihypertensive medication use. We examined which risk factors drove differences between biological and chronological heart age in young adults. Methods: CARDIA examined 2674 black and white men and women who attended Year 10 (mean age 34) and Year 25 (mean age 49) exams and had complete data for heart age components. Biological heart age was calculated using the non-laboratory-based Framingham 10-year CVD risk calculator. Heart age difference was defined as the difference between biological and chronological heart age, with higher values representing poorer heart age. Heart age difference was categorized into three levels, ≤-5 years, -5 to +5 years, or ≥+5 years. Differences between levels were assessed using linear regression, with heart age difference coded as an indicator variable referenced against a heart age difference of -5 and +5 years. Results: Race, smoking status, BMI and SBP were statistically significantly different from the reference in those whose heart age differences were lower (≤ -5) and higher (≥ 5) at exam years 10 and 25. Sex differed from the reference only in the lower heart age difference groups at both exams. Diabetes status differed from the reference only in the higher heart age difference groups at both exams. Conclusions: Most risk factors driving biological heart age, including race, smoking status, diabetes status, antihypertensive medication use, BMI and SBP, drive both favorable and unfavorable heart age differences at years 10 and 25 with the notable exceptions of female sex with favorable and diabetes with unfavorable heart age difference. This suggests that risk factor management at both younger and older ages impacts vascular aging.
Why should we be concerned about biological warfare?
Authors: R. Danzig
Journal: JAMA (1997)

There is a widespread tendency to think about defense against biological warfare as unnecessary, as someone else's responsibility, or as simply too difficult. Unfortunately, however, the dangers posed by biological weapons did not disappear when the United States began to unilaterally dismantle its own of-fensive program in 1969. The dangers did not vanish with the signing of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention of 1972, and they did not dissipate with the end of the Cold War or the threat of nuclear retaliation against Iraq during the Persian Gulf conflict. Only by planning and investing in the right training and defensive measures can we diminish the likelihood that biological weapons will be used and reduce the risks, disruption, and casualties in the event that such weapons are used.<sup>1</sup>Fortunately, significant improvements can be made in our defensive posture at relatively modest levels of investment, and both the Department of
Ectopic pregnancies in upstate New York
Authors: D. M. Glebatis
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Data on ectopic pregnancies reported to the New York State Department of Health for upstate residents for the years 1971 through 1979 were analyzed by maternal age, race, and gravidity. Trends in the rate of ectopic pregnancies were also examined for this time period. The rate of ectopic pregnancies per 1,000 conceptions increased with increasing maternal age and was higher for nonwhite women compared with white women. There was a slight increase in the rate of ectopic pregnancies with increasing gravidity, but this was due in part to the interaction of age with gravidity. The rate of ectopic pregnancies per 1,000 conceptions increased by 217% from 1971 to 1979. This trend differed within subgroups of maternal age, race, and gravidity. The percentage of increase was greater for women 30 years of age or older compared with women 30 years of age or younger, greater for white women compared with nonwhite women, and greater for women with three or more previous pregnancies compared with women with fewer previous pregnancies. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1730-1735)
Encore
Authors: None Gemaennes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Radiation and the articular cartilage Yttrium is used occasionally to effect a 'chemical synovectomy' in intractable synovitis of joints, particularly the knee.Exposure of the articular cartilage in dogs to this isotope showed marked suppression of glycosaminoglycan production.The effect seems to be dose dependent and not rapidly reversible.Cartilage glycosaminoglycan degradation was also increased, but synovial hyaluronic acid synthesis was apparently not affected.Clearly, the effects of radiation are profound not only on the synovium but also on the cartilage as well.Arthritis Rheum 1989; 32: 468-74. Proto-oncogenes and systemic sclerosisThis study showed that proto-oncogene expression in T but not B peripheral lymphocytes was signifi- cantly increased, and this was more marked in patients with disease that was both early and active.The authors suggest that this represents an in vivo activation of T cells in these patients and suspect that they may be important in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
Beitrage zur Rheumatologie
Authors: D. Preiskel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1962)

The fourth edition of this well-known book has been brought up to date.There is a new chapter on the systemic rheumatic diseases and many sections have been revised.As the author states, this is a book for final-year students and General Practitioners.The difficulty in compressing the many aetiological theories from stress to auto-immunity has been overcome in a masterly manner.In a small book the opinions must inevitably be didactic, but a good balance has been obtained between the various treatments and sound advice is given on their suitability for different types of case.
Error in Author’s Name
Authors: Neel Butala, Benjamin Johnson, Leora Horwitz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Michael P. Bogenschutz, MD; Dennis M. Donovan, PhD; Raul N. Mandler, MD; Harold I. Perl, PhD; Alyssa A. Forcehimes, PhD; Cameron Crandall, MD, PhD; Robert Lindblad, MD; Neal L. Oden, PhD; Gaurav Sharma, PhD; Lisa Metsch, PhD; Michael S. Lyons, MD, MPH; Ryan McCormack, MD; Wendy Macias-Konstantopoulos, MD, MPH; Antoine Douaihy, MD