tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether and Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether: Metabolism, Disposition, and Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Studies
Authors: Roland R. Miller, Emile A. Hermann, John T. Young, Timothy D. Landry, Linda L. Calhoun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Short-term and subchronic vapor inhalation studies have shown that there are pronounced differences in the toxicological properties of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME). Overexposure to EGME has resulted in adverse effects on testes, bone marrow and lymphoid tissues in laboratory animals. PGME does not affect these tissues, and instead, overexposure to PGME has been associated with increases in liver weight and central nervous system depression. EGME is primarily oxidized to methoxyacetic acid in male rats, while PGME apparently undergoes O-demethylation to form propylene glycol. Since methoxyacetic acid has been shown to have the same spectrum of toxicity as EGME in male rats, the observed differences in the toxicological properties of EGME and PGME are thought to be due to the fact that the two materials are biotransformed via different routes to different types of metabolites.
CLIMATE AND HEALTH
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Physiology, Pathology, and Therapeutics of the Motor Functions of the Uterus
Authors: H. H. Vernon
Journal: BMJ (1857)

Result.Good vision; a round pupil.There is a loud cardiac bruit.CASE x. T. G., aged 62, a mechanical draughtsman, healthy, rather feeble, wlho had suffered a good deal of anxiety of late, had double cataract.The upper section was done in the right eye without accident to the iris or vitreouis humour.The in- cision was slow in uniting, but not so much so as in Case xi- a youniger and much stronger subject.No operation was per- formed on the left eye.Result.Good sight.The pupil is central and round.The sounds of the heart are natural.CASF XI. C. B., a nailer, aged 51, had double cataract.The capsule of the right lens was thickened and opaquie.The left lens had a slightly greenish shade.The eyes are deep set, and the brows very large and prominent, which give a forbidding aspect to a countenance, which, in other re- spects, was not disagreeable.An operation for convergent strabismus was performed in 1856, in anticipation of the cata- ract treatment.Severe headaches preceded the dimness of sight.The lenticular disease is referred by the patient to a contusion of the eyes, from a thrust of a mali's finger, about four years since.The lower incision was executed in both eyes, and on the same day, without accident to the iris or vitreous humour.From the toughness of the capsule.some difficulty was presented in the extraction of the right cata- ract, and a little vitreous humour escaped.No inflammatory pain followed.Union took place very slowly.Meat was given on the second day after the operation, and ale on the third.Although the patienit was a younger and stronger man than T. G. (Case x), the repair of the wound was more tardy than in his case.Result.Good sight in both eyes.The pupils are central and round; a very small pellet of capsule adheres to the lower margin of the right pupil.The sounds of the heart are natural.CASE xii.L. R., aged 77, a female, has double cataract.The left is complicated by retinal disease.The light eye affords a good specimen, as in Case ix, of Morgagnian cataract.The anterior capsule is speckled, which gives the appearance of gruel to the cataract.When the head was turned back, the solid nucleus disappeared, and a general milkiness was substituted.Illness obliged the patient to leave the house before the adoption of any surgical proceeding.REMARKS.These cases present a very fair practical expo- sition of cataract as met with in the practice of a public insti- tution.The number of patients submitted to surgical treat- ment was eleven, of eyes thirteen.Nine of the latter were treated by extraction; two by reclina- tion; two b) soltution.The upper incision was selected in seven, the lower two.In three patients, the fellow eye of that operated upon was obviously diseased in its deep seated tissues.In one of these, the diseased globe was excised, and an excel- lent recovery after the extraction of the cataract secured.In the others (two), acute sthenic inflammation followed.
Errors in Results and Supplement
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2020)

Devanshi Patel, MS; Jesse Mez, MD, MS; Badri N. Vardarajan, PhD; Lyndsay Staley, BS; Jaeyoon Chung, PhD; Xiaoling Zhang, MD, PhD; John J. Farrell, PhD; Michael J. Rynkiewicz, PhD; Lisa A. Cannon-Albright, PhD; Craig C. Teerlink, PhD; Jeffery Stevens, BS; Christopher Corcoran, PhD; Josue D. Gonzalez Murcia, BS; Oscar L. Lopez, MD; Richard Mayeux, MD, MS; Jonathan L. Haines, PhD; Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, PhD; Gerard Schellenberg, PhD; John S. K. Kauwe, PhD; Kathryn L. Lunetta, PhD; Lindsay A. Farrer, PhD; for the Alzheimer’s Disease Sequencing Project
Abstract P386: Adult Height and Coronary Artery Calcium in the NHLBI Family Heart Study
Authors: Michael D Miedema, Andrew Petrone, James Pankow, Steven C Hunt, Aldi T Kraja, Donna K Arnett, J. Michael Gaziano, Luc Djousse
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Adult height is inversely associated with the risk of developing hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Height has also shown an inverse association with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular mortality, but the relationship between height and subclinical atherosclerosis is unclear. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerosis and a strong predictor of cardiovascular events. The relationship between height and CAC has not been well studied. Objective: To test the hypothesis that adult height is inversely associated with CAC. Methods: We studied 3,360 individuals from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Adult height was self-reported and CAC was measured by EBCT. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate adjusted prevalence odds ratios across quintiles of height. Results: Mean age of the sample was 54.9 years (SD +/- 12.9) and 57% were women. Baseline characteristics of the participants in sex-specific quintiles are shown in Table 1. After adjusting for age, the prevalence odds ratios for CAC decreased from the lowest quintile to the highest quintile (p-value for trend 0.02). After further adjustment for race, waist circumference, smoking, and field center, height remained inversely associated with CAC (adjusted odds ratios 1.0 [reference], 1.52 [1.13-2.05], 0.98 [0.75-1.28], 0.90 [0.68-1.20], 0.78 [0.58-1.03], p-value for trend &lt;0.01). Additional adjustment for alcohol consumption, exercise, and total cholesterol did not materially change the strength of the association between height and CAC. No interaction was seen for gender or race. Conclusion: Adult height is inversely associated with the presence of CAC in middle-aged men and women.
Phase II trial of extended-dosing temozolomide in patients with melanoma
Authors: P. Rietschel, S. Ejadi, J. Wolchok, S. Krown, S. Gerst, A. Jungbluth, K. Busam, K. Panageas, K. Smith, P. Chapman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

8531 Background: To test the hypothesis that the ∼30% response rate we observed in metastatic melanoma (mel) patients (pts) treated with temozolomide (TMZ) using an extended dosing schedule with either thalidomide or interferon was largely due to TMZ alone, we conducted a phase II trial of TMZ alone. We also hypothesized that mel expression of methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) would correlate with drug resistance. Methods: Stage IV mel pts without brain metastases or prior chemotherapy were stratified into two cohorts based on whether or not they had stage M1c disease. Each cycle consisted of TMZ 75 mg/m 2 /day for 6 weeks followed by 2 weeks with no treatment. Treatment cycles were repeated as long as pts did not progress. The primary endpoint was the proportion of complete or partial responses by RECIST criteria. The trial was powered to exclude the null hypothesis that the response rate in each cohort was &lt;30%. MGMT promoter methylation status was assessed by methylation-specific pyrosequencing. In pts with insufficient tumor material for pyrosequencing, MGMT expression was measured by immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibody MT3.1. Results: To date we have accrued 48 pts, 23 in the M1c cohort. 7 pts are still receiving treatment and are not yet evaluable for response. There have been 4 partial responses observed, 2 in each cohort. The median number of cycles was 2 (range 1–6). 9/41 pts (22%) were stable for =6 months and received =3 cycles. 56% of pts developed CD4 + lymphopenia (&lt;500/μl) during treatment; 37% of pts developed CD4 + lymphopenia &lt;200/μl and received PCP prophylaxis. Opportunistic infections were not observed. Conclusions: The overall response rate is 9.8% (95% CI 0.8%-19%). The estimated median survival is 11 months for the stage III/M1a/b cohort and 9.7 months for the M1c cohort. To date, the response proportion to TMZ alone appears to be &lt;30%. There would need to be 3 more responses in a cohort to reject the null hypothesis for that cohort. MGMT analyses are ongoing and will be used to determine if promoter methylation status correlates with objective response rate or time to progression. The study was supported by Schering-Plough. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Testicular Effects of Phthalate Esters
Authors: S. D. Gangolli
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The testicular effects produced by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in the rat, characterized by a decrease in the relative organ weight and histological changes in the seminiferous tubules, can also be produced by di-n-butyl, di-n-pentyl and di-n-hexyl phthalates. The corresponding monoesters of these compounds, formed in vivo as a result of the action of nonspecific esterases in the intestinal mucosa and other tissues, were equally effective in inducing testicular damage. Phthalate-induced testicular injury was accompanied by a decrease in the zinc content in the gonads and in increased urinary excretion of this element. Exposure of preparations of rat seminiferous tubule cells in culture to monophthalates capable of producing testicular injury resulted in a dose-related detachment of germinal cells from Sertoli cells in a manner similar to the effect seen in the intact animal. This in vitro system may find application in the elucidation of the toxic mechanisms involved in phthalate-induced testicular injury and in screening compounds likely to act in a manner similar to phthalates.
Dietetics for Nurses.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of the Development Core Safety Information in the assessment of expectedness of serious adverse events reported in oncology clinical trials
Authors: A. Czarnecki, A. Kehely
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7264 Background: The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) Working Group has recommended the use of the Development Core Safety Information (DCSI) as the summary of the identified safety issues for an investigational product/drug. Only safety issues or adverse drug reactions contained in this document should be considered
Electrophiles and Acute Toxicity to Fish
Authors: Joop L. M. Hermens
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Effect concentrations in fish LC50 tests with directly acting electrophiles are lower than those of unreactive chemicals that act by narcosis. LC50 values of more hydrophobic reactive chemicals tend to approach those of unreactive chemicals. Quantitative studies to correlate fish LC50 data to physical-chemical properties indicate that LC50 values of reactive chemicals depend on hydrophobicity as well as chemical reactivity. In this paper, several examples will be given of chemical structures that are known as direct electrophiles. This classification might be useful to identify chemicals that are more effective at lower concentrations than unreactive compounds. Chemicals that require bioactivation are not included because almost no information is available on the influence of bioactivation on acute toxic effects in aquatic organisms.
Not Now
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clostridium perfringens empyema unresponsive to penicillin
Authors: D. E. Silpa
Journal: JAMA (1982)

EMPYEMA caused by<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>is a rare infection that usually can be cured by penicillin therapy and drainage.<sup>1,2</sup>We describe a patient with clostridial empyema that was unusual because the organism was unresponsive to penicillin therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 49-year-old man with severe peripheral arterial disease of the legs was admitted because of heart failure due to alcoholrelated congestive cardiomyopathy. Pulses were not palpable in his right leg, and a 2×3-cm ulcer was present on his right foot. Initial chest roentgenogram showed cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Although his condition improved on digoxin, furosemide, and hydralazine hydrochloride, he experienced a temperature of 37.7 °C and mild mental confusion. His WBC count was 22,000/cu mm, with a differential cell count of 90% polymorphonuclear leukocytes and 2% band cells. Lumbar puncture studies gave normal results. A chest roentgenogram on the seventh hospital day showed a loculated right pleural effusion.
Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Results of the German CAO/ARO/AIO-94 randomized phase III trial after a median follow-up of 11 years.
Authors: R. Sauer, T. Liersch, S. Merkel, H. Becker, W. Hohenberger, H. Witzigmann, C. F. Hess, R. Fietkau, C. Wittekind, C. Roedel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

3516 Background: CAO/ARO/AIO-94 was published in 2004 with a median follow-up of 46 months (Sauer et al., N Engl J Med 2004). This trial established preoperative CRT as standard treatment for rectal cancer based on an improved local control rate at 5 years, however, no survival benefit could be shown. We here report results with a median follow-up of 134 months. Methods: We randomly assigned 823 patients with stage II or III rectal cancer to preoperative CRT (50.4 Gy) with 5-FU (1 g/msq/days 1-5, 29-33), surgery, and adjuvant 5-FU (500 mg/msq/days 1-5, 4 cycles), or the same schedule applied postoperatively. The study was designed to have 80% power to detect a difference of 10% in the 5-year overall survival as primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included the cumulative incidence of local and distant relapses and disease-free survival. Results: Of 823 patients, 404 and 395 were randomized to preoperative and postoperative CRT, respectively; 24 were ineligible, and 38 requested a change in treatment group. Thus, 406 patients received preoperative CRT, 393 were treated in the postoperative arm. As of 12/2010, updated data for life and tumor status were available for 791 and 783 of 799 eligible patients, respectively. Overall survival at 10 years was 59.9 years (95% CI, 55.0-64.8%) in the preoperative arm, and 59.5% (95% CI, 54.6-64.4%) in the postoperative arm (p=0.86, log-rank test, according to intention to treat). The 10-year cumulative incidence of local relapse after macroscopically complete resection was 5.7% (95% CI, 3.2-8.2%) and 10.4% (95% CI, 7.1-13.4%) in the pre- and postoperative arms, respectively (p=0.009, log-rank test, according to actual treatment). No significant differences were detected for 10-year cumulative incidence of distant metastases (25.5% both, p=0.88) and DFS. Conclusions: There is a persisting significant improvement of pre- vs. postoperative CRT on local control, however, no effect on overall survival. Integrating more effective systemic treatment into the combined modality treatment has been adopted in trial CAO/ARO/AIO-04 to possibly reduce distant metastases and improve survival.
Incorrect Information in Patient Page in: Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Liping Pan, Heidi Blanck, Bettylou Sherry, Karen Dalenius, Laurence Grummer-Strawn, David Freedman, Deborah Galuska, Ashleigh May, Barbara Polhamus
Journal: JAMA (2012)

obesity and extreme obesity in early childhood.
Booknote
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3109: Protein stability screen to identify compounds destabilizing EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Gloria Pedot, Felix K. Niggli, Beat W. Schaefer
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive pediatric bone and soft tissue tumor driven by the expression of a fusion oncoprotein named EWS-FLI1, which acts as an oncogenic transcription factor. Tumor cells are strictly dependent on continuous expression of the fusion protein, since downregulation of EWS-FLI1 inhibits tumor growth. Therefore, interference with the fusion oncoprotein turnover is critical for the modulation of tumor cell proliferation and survival. We demonstrated previously that EWS-FLI1 is predominantly a proteasomal substrate with high turnover mediated by poly-ubiquitination at one specific lysine. This study provided novel insights into the crucial importance of targeting EWS-FLI1 stability as novel strategy for the treatment of Ewing sarcoma. Hence, we aimed at identifying compounds that destabilize EWS-FLI1 with subsequent reduction of tumor cell growth by performing a screen of 2’486 FDA-Approved drugs and 204 novel targeted compounds in a Ewing sarcoma reporter cell line. To this, we adopted a Global Protein Stability approach as novel read-out (Global protein stability profiling in mammalian cells, Science, 2008), which relies on a reporter construct expressing two fluorescent dyes from one mRNA to monitor changes in stability of EWS-FLI1 by high-throughput flow cytometry. This drug screen identified two main enriched classes of inhibitors that significantly destabilize EWS-FLI1. Validation of these results and characterization of their mechanism of action is currently under way. We conclude that the study of EWS-FLI1 turnover represents a novel approach to identify new effective drugs that can be used as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs as novel treatment opportunities in Ewing sarcoma. Citation Format: Gloria Pedot, Felix K. Niggli, Beat W. Schaefer. Protein stability screen to identify compounds destabilizing EWS-FLI1 in Ewing sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3109.