tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicaid eligibility, prenatal care, and the outcome of pregnancy
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent excellent article by Piper et al<sup>1</sup>documents the absence of improvements in use of early prenatal care, birth weight, or neonatal mortality with expanded Medicaid eligibility in Tennessee. This study and an accompanying editorial by Guyer<sup>2</sup>describe a variety of reasons for the lack of health status improvement with the removal of financial barriers to obtaining prenatal care. The results are actually not surprising, but clearly illustrate that policy-makers in government, public health, and medicine have overlooked a vital risk factor for low birth weight and neonatal morbidity and mortality: voluntary, deleterious maternal behavior. Indeed, behaviors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, illicit drug use, "junk food" nutrition, obesity, and adolescent pregnancy all affect the newborn's health. No amount of openended or expanded Medicaid funding can correct this. The data demonstrate that we have reached the point of diminishing returns, with funding directed
SPECIAL TRAIN OF THE JOURNAL.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association Notices: Venereologists' Group Committee; Division meetings
Journal: BMJ (1977)

health departments-for example specialists in child health, environmental health, and for social services liaison.Other specialist posts were created in epidemiology, medical information, and ser- vice planning-all relevant to community medicine.Finally, in large districts the con- flict of jobs of the DCP1 has led to the appointment of what sounds like a deputy or second DCP under the unfortunate title: "specialist in community medicine for district support."Unfortunately, these posts were designated specialist despite the absence of sufficient people trained to the required level.
CONKO-008: Oxaliplatin (O)/folinic acid (FA)/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (24 h) in combination with lapatinib as a second-line therapy in pancreatic cancer after gemcitabine failure: A phase I/II trial.
Authors: J. Stieler, U. Pelzer, M. Sinn, B. Dörken, H. Oettle, H. Riess
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS225 Background: Based on the results of the 2nd-line chemotherapy (CT) with oxaliplatin, 5-FU and folinic acid (OFF) (CONKO-003; Pelzer ASCO 2008) and the 1st-line CT with gemcitabine/erlotinib (Moore JCO 2007), this trial aims to further improve therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer patients after gemcitabine failure by combining OFF with lapatinib, a combined ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor which also shows synergy with 5-FU (Kim PloS One 2009). Methods: During the phase I part of the trial, the daily dose of lapatinib will be escalated from 1,000 (750) mg to 1,500 mg p.o., combined with oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 (2-4 h infusion d 8, 22), 5-FU 2,000 mg/m2 (24 h continuous infusion d1,8,15,22 q d 42) and FA 200 mg/m2 (30 min infusion d1,8,15,22 q d 42). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) will be reached at a dose level where less than 2/6 patients show dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). The MTD will be used in the randomized (2:1 with or without lapatinib) phase II part of the trial. The combination will be considered worth of further evaluation if less than 40% of the patients in the experimental arm show progressive disease after 12 months and not worth of further evaluation if more than 60% of the pts show progressive disease after 12 weeks, which would approximately translate into a 4 week improvement in progression-free survival to a total of 16 weeks compared to CONKO-003. Given a 2-stage Simon design, a 2:1 randomization, a drop-out rate of 10%, an alpha of 0.05 and a beta of 0.2, 16 evaluable pts in the combination arm have to be enrolled in the first step of phase II part of the trial and another 30 evaluable pts in the combination arm if 8 or less patients of the first step show progressive disease after 12 weeks. The trial is currently recruiting in the phase I part of the trial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The use of the plasma epinephrine response in the diagnosis of idiopathic postprandial syndrome
Authors: S. A. Chalew
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Patients with idiopathic postprandial syndrome (IPS) report recurrent postprandial episodes that resemble the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia. In an effort to find objective criteria for diagnosis of IPS, we studied a group of patients with IPS and controls during an oral glucose tolerance test. Patients with IPS had a significantly lower mean glucose nadir and higher hypoglycemic index than controls. Although 74% of patients with IPS had glucose nadirs higher than 50 mg/dL, their responses of epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon, and norepinephrine were significantly higher than the respective changes in the controls. Of the five hormones, only the epinephrine response separated the patients from the controls without overlap. The epinephrine response may represent a valuable diagnostic criterion for this disorder. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:612-615)
Abstract 3451: Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate Independently Predicts the Diagnosis of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Extent of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Andrew Wilson, Kendall Beck, Themistocles Assimes, Naras Balasubramanian, Jeffrey Olin, John P Cooke
Journal: Circulation (2007)

5Impaired renal function is an important emerging risk factor for atherosclerosis. Whether this is independent of other cardiovascular risk factors is not clearly known. We aimed to assess whether renal impairment was independently associated with the degree of coronary and peripheral atherosclerosis. Methods and Results One thousand and sixty seven subjects (mean ± standard deviation; age 66 ± 11 years, 63% male, 51% any history of smoking, 30% history of diabetes) undergoing elective coronary angiography for exertional chest pain and/or dyspnea were studied as part of the NHLBI funded Gene-PAD study. Angiograms were reviewed by an experienced angiographer, blinded to subject details. Significant CAD was defined as an epicardial stenosis of ≥70% in any vessel. PAD was defined as an ankle brachial index &lt;0.9. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula. Patients on dialysis or with acute infections, inflammatory and/or malignant disease were excluded. There was a 29% prevalence of PAD in subjects with GFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and 16% if GFR was &gt;60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 (p &lt;0.001 for difference). There was no difference in glucose, pack years smoking, BMI, lipids or c-reactive protein levels between subjects with GFR above or below 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Reduced GFR was also predictive of a diagnosis of PAD [odds ratio (95%CI) =0.37 (0.17–0.83)}], independent of these other risk factors in logistic regression. Other predictors of PAD were increasing age, pack years smoking, fasting glucose and elevated triglycerides. Using ordinal regression, reduced GFR was an independent predictor of number of diseased coronary vessels (standardized coefficient −0.93, p =0.004). This was independent of age, gender, body mass index (BMI), lipids, blood pressure, pack years smoking and glucose. Other predictors in this model were age, male gender and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusion Reduced GFR is associated with PAD and extent of CAD in a high risk group of subjects, independent of other risk factors. The mechanism for this association is unknown but does not appear to be explained simply by an excess of risk factors. Estimating GFR may be of value evaluating patients at highest risk of PAD and multivessel CAD.
Holy Anorexia
Authors: Sara C. Charles
Journal: JAMA (1986)

While researching an earlier work written with Renaissance historian Donald Weinstein entitled<i>Saints and Society: The Two Worlds of Western Chistendom</i>(New Brunswick, NJ, Rutgers University), historian Rudolph Bell began to question the relationship between the fasting of holy women in medieval times and that of modern-day sufferers of anorexia nervosa. The result is this wellresearched and fascinating study of "holy anorexia." The book is directed at two rather different audiences. Bell aims to persuade students of medieval and early modern history that "a historically significant group of women exhibited an anorexic behavior pattern in response to the patriarchal social structure in which they were trapped." He aims "not to persuade, only to suggest" to psychologists and psychiatrists that the existence of what he calls holy anorexia may "indicate a need to re-evaluate certain modern approaches to the disease and in particular to be no less concerned with etiology than
Alveolar Macrophages and Lung Lesions after Combined Exposure to Nickel, Cobalt, and Trivalent Chromium
Authors: Anne Johansson, Tore Curstedt, Connie Jarstrand, Per Camner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

In earlier inhalation exposures of rabbits, nickel increased the production of surfactant by type II cells, with secondary effects on morphology and function of alveolar macrophages. Cobalt induced mainly a nodular growth pattern of the type II cells. Trivalent chromium seemed to impair the capacity of macrophages to catabolize surfactant but did not affect the type II cells. We exposed rabbits by inhalation to combinations of nickel (0.6 mg/m3 as NiCl2) and trivalent chromium [1.2 mg/m3 as Cr(NO3)3] (Ni-Cr), cobalt (0.5 mg/m3 as CoCl2) and nickel (0.5 mg/m3) (Co-Ni), or cobalt (0.5 mg/m3) and chromium (1.2 mg/m3) (Co-Cr) for 4 months, 5 days/week, 6 hr/day. Alveolar macrophages, alveolar type II cells, and lung content of phospholipids were determined. All combined exposures induced more pronounced lung lesions than exposures for each of the metals. Phospholipid concentrations were significantly higher. There were significantly higher percentages of macrophages filled with surfactant-like inclusions and a smooth surface. Accumulations of macrophages in alveoli were more widespread. Chromium potentiated the effects of nickel and cobalt on the type II cells, which led to secondary effects on the macrophages. Nickel potentiated the specific effects of cobalt, i.e., type II cell nodule formation. The result indicates that noxious effects could also be induced in man by combined exposure to nickel, cobalt, and trivalent chromium in concentrations similar to those occurring in some occupational settings.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Deep-Learning Model to Screen for Hyperkalemia From the ECG 428 Hyperkalemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease, often asymptomatic, and associated with fatal arrhythmias.Galloway and coauthors developed and validated a deep convolutional neural network for detection of hyperkalemia using 1 576 581 electrocardiograms (ECGs) from 449 380 patients and validated in 61 965 patients with stage 3 or greater chronic kidney disease.Using only 2 ECG leads (leads I and II), a deep-learning model detected hyperkalemia in patients with renal disease with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.853 to 0.883.The application of artificial intelligence to the ECG may enable screening for hyperkalemia.Prospective studies of this deep-learning model are warranted.
The Future of Family Practice
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AIDS Rates
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunologic aspects of reproductive diseases
Authors: S. Aksel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

REPRODUCTION is intricately involved with the immune system. The maternal immune system must tolerate foreign (paternal) antigens while maintaining resistance to microbes and tumor antigens. Immunologic interference in biological activities, such as formation of antibodies to sperm or failure of proper confrontation of fetal alloantigens by the maternal immune system, may result in reproductive failure. <h3>IMMUNOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN THE FEMALE</h3> The female genital tract is exposed to sperm and seminal fluid proteins, both of which are potentially antigenic. Nevertheless, in most women without infertility problems, there is no antibody formation to sperm or evidence that exposure produces any humoral or cellular immunity. The uterus is exposed to all substances that enter the vagina, such as sperm, seminal plasma, and microorganisms. Since the uterus handles bacterial invasion of the endometrial cavity well without frequent infections of the endometrium, it is assumed that the immune system in the uterus is intact.
La gangosa et les rhino-pharyngites mutilantes des tropiques
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"VALIDATION AND COMPARISON OF REFERENCE EQUATIONS FOR THE 6-MIN WALK DISTANCE TEST". C.G. COTE, C. CASANOVA, J.M. MARIN, M.V. LOPEZ, V. PINTO-PLATA, M.M. DE OCA, L.J. DORDELLY, H. NEKACH AND B.R. CELLI. EUR RESPIR J 2008; 31: 571-578.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)
Possible role of cytomegalovirus in atherogenesis
Authors: J. L. Melnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

ATHEROSCLEROTIC plaques consist of complex accumulations produced by arterial smooth muscle cells, which proliferate excessively at the site of plaque formation. To explain the onset of this abnormal cellular proliferation, it has been suggested that injury to the endothelial lining of the artery results in exposure of underlying smooth muscle cells to hormones, low-density lipoproteins, and various growth-promoting factors associated with serum and platelets. It has also been suggested that a transforming event causes arterial smooth muscle cells to begin dividing and form a focus of proliferating cells. The possibility of viral infection playing a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is compatible with the hypotheses described above, since viruses may cause cell destruction, alter cellular metabolism, or induce transformation of infected cells. Recent work in this area has been stimulated by the finding that atherosclerotic lesions, strikingly similar to those in human disease, were reproducibly induced in chickens by
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a complication of treatment with gold
Authors: M. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis as a complication of treatment with gold SIR,-We would like to make two points about this paper by Dr M Cohen and colleagues (20 April, p 1179).Firstly, it would seem inappropriate to continue gold therapy in the face of wheezing and rash after each injection.Secondly, they make no mention of the results of tests for rheumatoid factor or antinuclear antibody.Were the changes in the hand radiograph that they describe as "compatible with rheumatoid arthritis" erosive or was there evidence only of periarticular osteo- porosis?Is it possible that the patient had systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus overlap?The information given in the report is insufficient to exclude this possibility.Detailed documentation of such cases is vital in view of the widespread use of gold in rheumatoid arthritis.
A new skeletal muscle relaxant
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
David Oliver: Welcoming carers on to the wards
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Welcoming carers on to the wardsI'm dismayed whenever the wishes of mentally competent older inpatients go unheard or ignored, whether by practitioners or families.As experienced adults with very individual life stories, needs, and wishes, they have the right to take risks, to be partners in decisions, and not to be bypassed or patronised.Even when autonomy is impaired, their individual humanity should be respected.But population ageing has changed the inpatient demographic. 1 Dementia, delirium, sensory and communication impairment, frailty, and disability all complicate acute illness, 2 3 compounded by a depersonalising institutional environment. 4 5 Many patients depend on carers to stay at home or to return there.Many carers are themselves older, in worsening health, and poorly supported. 6Hospital admission can be as unsettling for families as for patients.Involving carers early and often is crucial.We learn more from them than they can from us.And they provide continuity in an often fragmented system. 7hn's Campaign, started by the writer Nicci Gerrard, has added momentum to a movement to welcome carers on to the ward as partners in care.Since 2014 around 100 UK hospitals have signed up to it, 8 scrapping visiting restrictions or issuing "carers' passports." 9We've done this on my home ward, and we wouldn't turn the clock back.