tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The cost of third-year clerkships at large nonuniversity teaching hospitals
Authors: E. Weinberg
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Background.</h3> —Large nonuniversity teaching hospitals are major providers of the clinical training component of undergraduate medical education, yet little information is available to policymakers, participating hospitals, or sponsoring medical schools on the institutional costs of this service. <h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the costs associated with teaching students in required third-year clerkships for a group of large nonuniversity teaching hospitals. <h3>Setting/Participants.</h3> —A total of 201 medical students from nine large nonuniversity teaching hospitals affiliated with nine medical schools that participate in required third-year clerkships. <h3>Methods.</h3> —During a typical week, students completed 24-hour time and activity logs that classified each activity, instructor, and audience. From these logs, the number of teaching hours by full-time faculty and others were estimated and costs were calculated. <h3>Results.</h3> —Full-time faculty provided a mean of 0.242 h/d of formal teaching, 0.326 h/d of informal teaching, and 0.581 h/d of supervised patient care training per student, an estimated direct faculty cost of $412 per week per student. The cost of direct and indirect departmental and academic administration, as well as other direct out-of-pocket medical education costs, added $250 per week per student. The average annual clinical program cost of third-year clerkships to nonuniversity hospitals and their full-time faculties was $31 776 per student. This figure does not include the substantial contributions of teaching by other than paid faculty (eg, volunteer physicians and residents), which was important in terms of activity and service provided. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Direct and indirect costs of third-year medical student education for most hospitals in this study was more than $1 million per year, well in excess of the average support provided by sponsoring medical schools. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:669-673)
BOLIVIA
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Weekly Abstract of Sanitary Reports
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertension resulting from hydronephrosis
Authors: H. M. Wise
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ACTIVATION of the renin-angiotensin system occurs only rarely as a consequence of ureteral obstruction as compared to the frequent clinical experience involving arterial occlusion. Multiple case reports have appeared in the literature describing hypertension associated with renal obstruction. In the unique case described in this report, carcinoma of the ureter caused severe obstruction, with high circulating plasma renin activity and associated hypertension. No vascular abnormality could be demonstrated by arteriography. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 45-year-old woman had been in excellent health until one month before admission to the hospital, when severe headaches had developed. Blood pressure was 180/110 mm Hg, the only abnormal finding. One year earlier, at the time of a routine physical examination, she had been normotensive. There was no familial history of cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Hemoglobin value was 14.3 gm/100 ml; the hematocrit reading, 43%. Blood urea nitrogen level was 16 mg/100 ml; creatinine level,
Report of the Committee of the British Medical Association to Investigate the Antagonism of Medicines
Authors: J. H. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1874)

THE series of researches whlich I am about to describe owes its origin to the Address on Medicine I had the honour to read to the Associa- tion in Chester, at the annual meeting of i866.I then urged the propriety of endeavouring to solve some of the scientific or practical difficulties with vhich our profession had to contend.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ANY QUESTIONS ?MBRJnURN-~~~~~~~~~~~EIA ORAThe treatment of patients with severe ankylosing spondylitis in peripheral joints should be similar to that for patients with rheumatoid arthritis: splints, adequate exercise for the affected muscles, adequate rest periods, and the use of analgesics, such as "disprin" or phenylbutazone, in adequate amounts.If these do not give sufficient relief hormones may be used, but will probably have to be given for prolonged periods of time, and the maintenance dosage should therefore be kept as low as possible to avoid osteoporosis and gastric complications. NOTES AND COMMENTSAetiology of Pyloric Stenosis.-ProfessorT. McKEowN (Birmingham) writes: In reply to the question concerning the aetiology of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (" Any Questions ?" December 20, p. 1546), it is stated that " it seems likely, therefore, that the basic cause is genetic, and possibly no other factor is involved."This view was current before the war and is still in textbooks, but it is in sharp conflict with almost all of the evidence assembled during the past decade referred to in a leading article published in the Journal.'There is very strong evidence that the postnatal environment has a marked influence on the manifestation of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (which is rarely congenital), and a full examination of familial data2 provided no support for any simple genetic hypothesis.
A multicentre phase I/II study of TAS-102 with nintedanib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer refractory to standard therapies (N-TASK FORCE: EPOC1410); Phase I results
Authors: T. Nishina, Y. Kuboki, E. Shinozaki, S. Fukuoka, T. Kajiwara, K. Shitara, K. Yamaguchi, Y. Komatsu, S. Yuki, K. Yamazaki, H. Hara, N. Mochizuki, M. Fukutani, H. Hasegawa, S. Matsuda, M. Wakabayashi, S. Nomura, A. Sato, A. Ohtsu, T. Yoshino
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Internal medicine in the 1930s
Authors: N. Roberg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The Harvard Medical School set up a teaching service at Boston City Hospital in 1914; in 1923, the school added a specially endowed research facility, the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory. The combination, known as the Harvard Medical Unit at Boston City Hospital, endured for 52 years. Its history, by Finland and Castle,<sup>1</sup>is monumental in scope, but personal recollections will, perhaps, render vivid the medical experiences of an intern with the unit during the 1930s. The unit then comprised two general medical services and the Thorndike, as it was called. The Thorndike had separate wards for clinical investigation and for research laboratories, where the internists, the attending men, pursued their special interests. The emphasis on the wards was bedside teaching. The dean, David Edsall, had increased tenfold the funds for bedside teaching and had tripled those for research. As interns, we were told that there would be no time for
Hepatitis B surface antigen carrier state in neonates. Prophylaxis with large doses of conventional immune human serum globulin
Authors: R. R. Varma
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Acute type B viral hepatitis developed near the term of pregnancy in seven women. All had signs of acute hepatitis at delivery, and hepatitis B surface antigenemia persisted two to four weeks after delivery. Two milliliters of conventional immune human serum globulin was administered to the neonates within a week of birth, after preexisting type B viral hepatitis infection was excluded. The antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HB<sub>s</sub>) content of two of the administered batches of immune human serum globulin was 1:32 and 1:64. None of the babies became hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, and anti-HB<sub>s</sub>developed without obvious clinical hepatitis in one baby. Conventional immune human serum globulin in larger doses may be a relatively safe and effective prophylaxis against the development of hepatitis B surface antigen carrier state even if the anti-HB<sub>s</sub>content in the administered dose is relatively small. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2302-2304, 1976)
Behavioral Neurology
Authors: Carla Hellekson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This third edition of<i>Behavioral Neurology</i>is a welcome update of a volume familiar to a generation of medical students and residents since its first publication in 1974. In their collaboration, Dr Pincus, Professor of Neurology at the Yale University School of Medicine, and Dr Tucker, Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Washington School of Medicine, explore the varied topics constituting the borderland between organic and functional disorders from perspectives not easily available to readers in other sources. Covered are such subjects as seizure disorders and schizophrenia, which one might expect; but unusual and interesting groupings, such as the chapter on "Movement Disorders, Depression, Psychosis, and Sleep," result from the focus on underlying biochemical abnormalities. Controversial issues, such as "Violence and the Limbic System," are discussed by presenting a thorough literature review in which classic and more recent studies are cited and then followed by the authors' opinions on
Health Care Reform and Clinical Culture
Authors: A. H. Ropper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

It is a tired and cynical cadre of physicians who will implement health care reforms. Yet few published perspectives include the view from the factory floor. The usual platitudes about changing financial incentives, increasing efficiency, and delivering high-quality care sound naïve to clinicians who deal with the imperfections of human nature and the messy effects of illness on patients. Doctors are already, by training, sophisticated decision-making machines, capable of achieving extreme efficiency through the use of heuristics and experience.The main problems that clinicians face in achieving efficiency and reducing costs are, first, a perceived need for certainty in diagnosis . . .
Long-term amikacin use. Effects on aminoglycoside susceptibility patterns of gram-negative bacilli
Authors: M. M. Moody
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Amikacin sulfate was first used sparingly at our cancer center in 1976; since 1979, it has been the only aminoglycoside used for systemic cancer therapy for patients with granulocytopenia. As the development of resistance has been correlated with antibiotic use over time, we wished to determine if prolonged use of amikacin in our patients had led to increased amikacin resistance. A total of 1,129 strains were recovered from 315 patients during a 13-month period. Each species isolated per patient was considered once. Seven percent of the patients had amikacin-resistant strains (2.7% of isolates), and 10% of patients had gentamicin-resistant strains (4% of isolates). Amikacin resistance was significantly less than in an earlier study. Unrestricted use of amikacin has not led to a concomitant increase in amikacin resistance in gram-negative bacilli. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1199-1202)
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
APYRETIC TYPHOID FEVER.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unfavorable effect of atropine-diphenoxylate (Lomotil) therapy in lincomycin-caused diarrhea
Authors: E. Novak
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In this double-blind, randomized study, 200 normal subjects received a three-day course of one of five treatment regimens: lincomycin hydrochloride monohydrate injection (sterile solution, 300 mg/ml) with two tablets of either placebo, a mixture of atropine sulfate and diphenoxylate hydrochloride (Lomotil), an aspirin-phenacetin-caffeine (APC) combination or the latter with codeine, or an injection of saline with two placebo tablets. Gastrointestinal irritation was most prominent in subjects receiving lincomycin with atropine-diphenoxylate and lincomycin with APC plus codeine (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Decreased intestinal motility from atropine-diphenoxylate or codeine may increase the contact time between the lincomycin (or its metabolites) or some developing toxic substances and the mucosal epithelium. The use of atropine-diphenoxylate or codeine in treating lincomycin-induced diarrhea may be questionable. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1451-1454, 1976)
Relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in KEYNOTE-012.
Authors: Yung-Jue Bang, Hyun-Choel Chung, Veena Shankaran, Ravit Geva, Daniel Virgil Thomas Catenacci, Shilpa Gupta, Joseph Paul Eder, Raanan Berger, Edward J. Gonzalez, Archana Ray, Marisa Dolled-Filhart, Kenneth Emancipator, Kumudu Pathiraja, Jared K. Lunceford, Jonathan D. Cheng, Minori Koshiji, Kei Muro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

4001 Background: Tumors use the PD-1 pathway to evade immune surveillance. Pembrolizumab, an anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody, has shown antitumor activity in advanced cancers. We assessed the safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced gastric cancer in KEYNOTE-012 (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT01848834). Methods: Archival tumor samples from patients from Asia-Pacific (AP) and rest of the world (ROW) with recurrent or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction were screened for PD-L1 expression using a prototype IHC assay with the 22C3 antibody. Only patients with distinctive stromal or ≥ 1% tumor nest cell PD-L1 staining were eligible. Patients received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for up to 24 months or until complete response, progression, or unacceptable toxicity. Imaging was performed every 8 weeks. Primary efficacy end point is ORR assessed per RECIST v1.1 by independent central review. Secondary end points include duration of response, PFS, and OS. Results: Of the 162 patients screened, 65 (40%) were PD-L1+. Of these 65 patients, 39 enrolled (19 from AP, 20 from ROW; median age, 63 years [range, 33-78]). The number of prior therapies for advanced disease ranged from 0 to 5; 67% received ≥ 2 prior therapies. Median follow-up duration was 8.8 months (range, 6.2-12.6); 13 patients (33%) remain on therapy. Four patients experienced 5 total grade 3-5 drug-related adverse events: peripheral sensory neuropathy, fatigue, decreased appetite, hypoxia, and pneumonitis (n = 1 each). There was 1 drug-related death (hypoxia). ORR was 22% (95% CI, 10-39) by central review and 33% (95% CI, 19-50) by investigator review. Median time to response was 8 weeks (range, 7-16), with a median response duration of 24 weeks (range, 8+ to 33+). PD-L1 expression level was associated with ORR (1-sided P = 0.10). The 6-month PFS rate was 24%. The 6-month OS rate was 69%. Conclusions: Pembrolizumab demonstrated manageable toxicity and promising antitumor activity in advanced gastric cancer. These results support the ongoing development of pembrolizumab for gastric cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT01848834.
Radium Girls
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fibrin star
Authors: W. B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quantitative Changes In T-Cell Populations After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Hendrik-Jan Ankersmit, Niloo M. Edwards, Michael Schuster, Ranjit John, Alfred Kocher, Eric A. Rose, Mehmet Oz, Silviu Itescu
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are currently being evaluated as permanent therapy for end-stage heart failure. Because life-threatening infections limit successful long-term device implantation, we investigated the relationship between quantitative T-cell defects in LVAD recipients and CD95-mediated T-cell apoptosis. Methods and Results —Immunological studies were performed in NYHA class IV patients awaiting cardiac transplantation who received either a TCI Heartmate left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or medical management. Fluorochrome-labeled Mabs were used in T-cell phenotypic analyses. T-cell apoptosis was measured by annexin V binding of T cells cultured in medium for 24 hours. Circulating serum levels of soluble CD95 were measured by ELISA. LVAD recipients had a relative lymphopenia and reduction in CD4 T-cell levels compared with NYHA class IV heart failure controls. These observations were confirmed in a longitudinal study in LVAD recipients, which showed that device implantation was accompanied by progressive and sustained reductions in circulating CD4 T-cell levels. These abnormalities in LVAD recipients were accompanied by increased levels of circulating soluble CD95 and by excessive CD4 and CD8 T-cell apoptosis. Susceptibility to induction of apoptosis was &gt;2-fold greater for CD4 T cells than for CD8 T cells. Conclusions —These results suggest that the reduction in CD4 T-cell levels accompanying LVAD implantation is a consequence of an augmented pathway of CD95-mediated apoptosis. The clinical consequences of these abnormalities may include increased prevalence of systemic infections.