tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculin skin testing and the HIV epidemic
Authors: R. E. Huebner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Tuberculosis (TB) cases in the United States have steadily increased in number since 1985. Much of this increase appears attributable to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, with TB occurring both in those HIV-infected persons with latent as well as recently acquired TB infection.<sup>1</sup>Infection with HIV now is recognized as the most important risk factor for progression from tuberculous infection to active disease. The annual risk of disease in persons dually infected with TB and HIV is 7% to 10%, considerably greater than the 10% lifetime risk in HIV-uninfected tuberculin reactors.<sup>1,2</sup> See also p 369. As a result of the increasing TB morbidity associated with HIV, screening for tuberculous infection now is recommended practice for all patients with HIV infection as well as patients in drug treatment centers, sexually transmitted disease clinics, and HIV/AIDS clinics.<sup>1</sup>Treatment of TB-infected persons with isoniazid can
Liver Immunology
Authors: Emmet B. Keeffe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 April 2003Liver ImmunologyEmmet B. KeeffeEmmet B. KeeffeSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-7-200304010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Gershwin ME, Vierling JM, Manns MP, eds. 498 pages. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 2003. $65.00. ISBN 1560534990. Order phone 215-546-7293.Field of medicine: Gastroenterology and hepatology.Audience: Hepatologists; gastroenterologists with a major academic or practice focus in hepatology, including both general hepatology and transplant hepatology; and basic investigators in the area of hepatic immunobiology.Purpose: To compile comprehensive information on the immunology of the liver, including immunobiology and immunopathology, role of immune responses in the pathogenesis of autoimmune chronic liver diseases, immunopathogenesis of viral hepatitis, and experimental and human liver transplantation.Content: The book begins with basic immunologic terms and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 2003Volume 138, Issue 7Page: 612KeywordsAutoimmune diseasesAutoimmune hepatitisClinical geneticsGastroenterology and hepatologyImmunologyImmunopathologyLiverLiver diseasesLiver transplantationTransplantation ePublished: 1 April 2003 Issue Published: 1 April 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The conjunctival sign in sickle cell anemia. A relationship with irreversibly sickled cells
Authors: G. R. Serjeant
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Patients with homozygous sickle cell disease were divided into five groups according to the extent of abnormal vessels in the conjunctival vasculature. There was a significant relationship between the grade of abnormality and the number of irreversibly sickled cells, suggesting that these cells may be related to the genesis of these vessel anomalies. Evidence is accumulating that irreversibly sickled cells are related to several pathological processes in sickle cell anemia, and we believe the sign may be useful not only in suggesting the diagnosis but also in gauging the severity of the condition.
The Role of the Cellular Antioxidant Defense in Oxidant Carcinogenesis
Authors: Peter Cerutti, Rita Ghosh, Yukiko Oya, Paul Amstad
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Oxidant carcinogens interact with multiple cellular targets including membranes, proteins, and nucleic acids.They cause structural damage to DNA and have the potential to mutate cancer-related genes.At the same time, oxidants activate signal transduction pathways and alter the expression of growth-and differentiation-related genes.Indeed, the carcinogenic action of oxidants results from the superposition of these genetic and epigenetic effects.All cells possess elaborate antioxidant defense systems that consist of interacting low and high molecular weight components.Among them, superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidases (GPx), and catalase (CAT) play a central role.Our studies with mouse epidermal cells demonstrate that the balance between several antioxidant enzymes rather than the activity of a single component determines the degree of protection.Unexpectedly, increased levels of Cu,Zn-SOD alone in stable transfectants resulted in sensitization to oxidative chromosomal aberrations and DNA strand breaks.However, a concomitant increase in CAT or GPx in double transfectants corrected or overcorrected the hypersensitivity of the SOD clones depending on the ratios of activities CAT/SOD or GPx/SOD.The cellular antioxidant capacity also affected oxidant induction of the growth- related immediate early protooncogene c-fos.Increases in CAT or SOD reduced the accumulation of c-fos message, albeit for different reasons.The cellular antioxidant defense also affects the action of UVB light (290-320 nm) that represents the most potent carcinogenic wavelength range of the solar spectrum.UVB light is known to exert its action in part through oxidative mechanisms.Increases in CAT and GPx protected mouse epidermal cells from UVB-induced DNA breakage.An increase in GPx enhanced the induction of c-fos by UVB probably because it diminished DNA breaks.DNA breaks appear to exert a long-range effect on chromatin confirmation, which is incompatible with efficient transcription.-
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Indianapolis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Inflammatory bowel disease reveals the kinase activity of KSR1
Authors: Richard Kolesnick, H. Rosie Xing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Kinase suppressor of Ras-1 (KSR1) is a recently identified member of the EGFR–Ras–Raf-1–MAPK signaling pathway. A new study demonstrates that KSR1 protects intestinal epithelium from TNF-α–induced apoptosis, abrogating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since its discovery, there has been disagreement as to whether KSR1 possesses intrinsic kinase activity. Using transgenic mouse models and genetically modified mouse colon epithelial cells, Polk and coworkers show that the kinase activity of KSR1 is off in normal colon epithelial cells, becoming activated only at the onset of IBD. They also provide strong evidence that KSR1 kinase activity is essential for anti-apoptotic protection of the intestinal epithelium. These new data in support of KSR1 as a kinase highlight an ongoing debate as to whether KSR1 does indeed serve as a specific kinase in transphosphorylating and transactivating c-Raf–1 toward MEK1.
Constrictive Pericarditis
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: JAMA (1975)

CONSTRICTIVE pericarditis is an uncommon condition that occurs in varied forms. Errors and uncertainties in diagnosis are frequent. Invasive studies and even exploratory thoracotomy are considered to be the only sure methods of diagnosis. Careful observation and correct interpretation of a number of clinical clues should, however, permit a correct clinical diagnosis in nearly all cases. <h3>Confusion With Noncardiac Disease</h3> Patients with constrictive pericarditis frequently receive diagnoses of and treatment for chronic liver disease, presumed abdominal carcinomatosis, or pleural effusion of suspected infectious or neoplastic cause. Why constrictive pericarditis has such a tendency to cause right pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, and ascites with little or no peripheral edema is not fully understood, but it is characteristic, particularly in young patients. However, this kind of diagnostic error would not be made if the neck veins were examined carefully in such patients. The central venous pressure is normal in liver disease and in
Community-oriented primary care. The cornerstone of health care reform
Authors: R. A. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The current high-cost health care delivery system, which places greater emphasis on acute hospital care than on community-based primary and preventive care, is no longer viewed by policymakers, politicians, and the American public as the ideal model for organizing and providing health care services. Americans want change; however, politicians are responding with a barrage of disjointed finance and cost-containment proposals that fail to address the organization and provision of health care services. Nevertheless, to adequately address problems of cost, access, and quality, reform proposals will need to consider delivery models that create a balance between medical care and health care, between public health and personal health services, and between curative and preventive care. The community-oriented primary care model and the discipline of community and socially responsive medicine is a process for making a health care system more rational, accountable, appropriate, and socially relevant to the public. Consequently, this model, which is now at a pivotal point in its evolution, may serve as a paradigm for reforming the organization and provision of health care services in America. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2544-2547)
1998 Albert Lasker and Gairdner Foundation International Medical Research Winners Honored
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasmapheresis.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

protein bound than propranolol,9 but the value of this procedure has not been assessed.The optimum management of these patients requires intensive supportive care with facilities for continuous cardiac monitoring and ventilatory support.Transvenous electrical pacing may be useful,"' though it is not always successful,' and ideally all patients with serious overdosage from betablocking drugs should have a pacing catheter inserted.Intra- venous atropine, 2-3 mg in divided doses, should be given to reduce unopposed vagal activity, and isoprenaline should be given by intravenous infusion with the dose monitored according to the response of the pulse and blood pressure.Because beta-blocking drugs are competitive antagonists of isoprenaline, massive doses may have to be given: in one recent report a total of 115 mg was infused over 65 hours.10The effects of beta-blocking drugs on the body last longer than their chemical half life in the plasma, and so intensive care may have to be continued for several days.Theoretically, other catecholamines such as dopamine or dobutamine'l may have some advantages over isoprenaline, especially in poisoning with selective drugs such as atenolol or metoprolol-when the haemodynamic effects may be modified by beta-receptor selectivity, unopposed alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation, and baroreceptor reflexes.'2Further developments of specific beta- adrenoceptor agonists are awaited with interest.Intravenous glucagon may also be of value in treatment13 14 and in severe overdosage with beta-blocking drugs it should be given early.Glucagon is thought to activate myocardial adenyl cyclase by a different mechanism from the beta- adrenergic catecholamines, 15 and its inotropic effect is not blocked by propranolol.'6Individual clinicians are unlikely to gain much experience in treating self-poisoning with beta-blockers, and hence these emergencies require close collaboration between the cardiologist and the clinical pharmacologist.
INGENIOUS SOLUTIONS
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correspondence
Authors: D. R Nalin
Journal: Gut (1985)

Tumour cell membrane fatty acid composition was investigated using an animal model of colorectal carcinogenesis. Eighty six male Wistar rats were fed experimental diets containing either 5% saturated fat or 20% saturated fat. Colorectal tumours were induced by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane, and control rats received saline. Animals were killed at intervals up to 26 weeks after the last injection of carcinogen for histology and lipid analysis. Cell membrane fatty acids in colonic mucosa and colorectal tumours were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Animals fed the 20% fat diet developed more carcinomas (28 cancers in 14 rats) than those fed the 5% fat diet (14 cancers in 15 rats; chi 2 = 8.03, p = 0.0046) but they did not develop significantly more adenomas (28 and 24 respectively). Cell membrane fatty acid analysis showed a considerable increase in the content of arachidonic acid (20:4, n-6) in the tumours (mean (SEM) 11.7 (1.5)%) compared with colonic mucosa (4.2 (0.4)%; p less than 0.05). Dietary fatty acid composition was also found to influence the profile of fatty acids in the colonic mucosa. This study suggests that a high saturated fat diet promotes the malignant transformation of colorectal adenomas. The colorectal tumours were characterised by an increased cell membrane arachidonic acid, the precursor of putative cancer promoting prostaglandins.
Cost-effectiveness of nicotine gum as an adjunct to physician's advice against cigarette smoking
Authors: G. Oster
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A nicotine chewing gum has recently become available for use as an aid in giving up cigarette smoking. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinic-based smoking cessation programs, its value in a primary care setting is uncertain. We examined the cost-effectiveness of nicotine gum as an adjunct to physician's advice and counseling against smoking during routine office visits. Our findings indicate that the cost per year of life saved with this intervention ranges from $4113 to $6465 for men and from $6880 to $9473 for women, depending on age. This compares favorably with other widely accepted medical practices, eg, treatment of hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Our study, therefore, suggests that nicotine gum is a cost-effective adjunct to physician's advice against cigarette smoking in a primary care setting. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1315-1318)
Comparison of lovastatin and gemfibrozil in normolipidemic patients with hypoalphalipoproteinemia
Authors: G. L. Vega
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This study compared lovastatin and gemfibrozil therapy for effects on lipid and lipoprotein levels in 22 normolipidemic patients with reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Most patients had coronary heart disease. A randomized, crossover design consisted of two drug phases (lovastatin and gemfibrozil) alternating with placebo. Lovastatin reduced total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels by 28%, 34%, and 24%, respectively. These were unaffected by gemfibrozil. Both drugs reduced very low—density lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by 30% to 40%. Both caused small but significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not in apolipoproteins A-I or A-II. Both significantly lowered ratios of total (and low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol—to—high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but lovastatin more than gemfibrozil. Thus, for normolipidemic patients with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, neither drug markedly raised high-density lipoprotein levels, but lovastatin produced the better overall change in lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3148-3153)
Catalytic Converters for Exhaust Emission Control of Commercial Equipment Powered by Internal Combustion Engines
Authors: J. G. Cohn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The development of PTX, monolithic catalytic exhaust purifiers, is outlined, and their first use for exhaust emissions control of commercial equipment is described. The main use of PTX converters is on forklift trucks. The purification achievable with PTX-equipped fork-lift trucks under various operational conditions is discussed, and examples from the field are given. During more than ten years of operation, no adverse health effects have been reported, and PTX-equipped internal combustion engines appear safe for use in confined areas.
Current Therapeutic Research, New York
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty in neonates and young infants; immediate results, mid-term outcomes, predictors of success, and need for reintervention Thomas K. Jones, Troy A. Johnston, Geoffrey L. Rosenthal, Brian W. Duncan, Flavian M. Lupinetti. Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, Seattle, WA, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Sequencing Detects Lung Cancer in Blood
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2018)

Genome sequencing that analyzes cell-free DNA in blood samples may be a useful approach for detecting lung cancer: In preliminary results from the ongoing Circulating Cell-Free Genome Atlas study, three different sequencing approaches detected lung cancer in 38% to 51% of patients with early-stage disease and in 87% to 89% of patients with late-stage disease, with 98% specificity.
The Oregon experience with impaired physicians on probation. An eight-year follow-up
Authors: J. H. Shore
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Sixty-three addicted or impaired physicians who had been on probation with the Oregon Board of Medical Examiners were followed up in a new rehabilitation program for eight years. A majority (59%) were still on probation at follow-up, and 75% were rated as stable and improved. Problems of addiction affected 78%. The most successful treatment outcomes were for addicted physicians whose improvement was significantly associated with random urine monitoring to detect repetitive drug abuse. This research confirms an effective treatment approach for addicted or impaired physicians and is compared with other outcome studies. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2931-2934)
Plasma catecholamines during low energy internal atrial cardioversion and during electrophysiological study for induction of ventricular tachyarrhythmias Giuseppe Boriani, Mauro Biffi, Francesco Pergolini, Cristian Martignani, Alberto Bargossi, Romano Zannoli, Angelo Branzi. Institute of Cardiology-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)