Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ralph A. DeFronzo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters4 July 2000Pharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes MellitusRalph A. DeFronzo, MDRalph A. DeFronzo, MDUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX 78229 (DeFronzo)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-1-200007040-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After publication of my article on therapy for type 2 diabetes (1), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) withdrew troglitazone as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with this disease. The FDA has approved two new thiazolidinediones, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, for this indication. A revised algorithm (Figure) takes into account these actions taken by the FDA.Figure.Revised pharmacologic algorithm for treatment of patients in whom type 2 diabetes is inadequately controlled with diet and exercise.FPG = fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HBGM = home blood glucose monitoring. * Goals and therapies must be individualized; † Preferred if patient is obese ...Reference1. DeFronzo RA. Pharmacologic therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:281-303. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX 78229 (DeFronzo) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPharmacologic Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Ralph A. DeFronzo Metrics Cited ByDiscovery of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Marine Microorganisms: Optimization of Culture Conditions and Medium CompositionBurdock fructooligosaccharide as an α-glucosidase inhibitor and its antidiabetic effect on high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic miceThe antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials of polyphenolic-rich extracts of Cyperus rotundus (Linn.)From Pharmacogenetics to Gene Expression: Implications for Precision Medicine in DiabetesA narrative review of current trends in liraglutide: insights into the unmet needs in management of type 2 diabetes and obesitySynthesis, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of novel hydroxytriazenes based on sulpha drugsRNA-Seq Analysis of the Liver Transcriptome Reveals the Networks Regulating Treatment of Sitagliptin Phosphate plus Fuzhujiangtang Granule in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty RatsEverestmab, a novel long-acting GLP-1/anti GLP-1R nanobody fusion protein, exerts potent anti-diabetic effectsSPION‐Decorated Exosome Delivered BAY55‐9837 Targeting the Pancreas through Magnetism to Improve the Blood GLC ResponseA novel self-sufficient biocatalyst based on transaminase and pyridoxal 5′-phosphate covalent co-immobilization and its application in continuous biosynthesis of sitagliptinShared Pathological Mechanisms Between Diabetes Mellitus and Neurodegenerative DiseasesEffects of Lifestyle Modification and Anti-diabetic Medicine on Prediabetes Progress: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisGlibenclamide Reduces Primary Human Monocyte Functions Against Tuberculosis Infection by Enhancing M2 PolarizationNaringin enhances reverse cholesterol transport in high fat/low streptozocin induced diabetic ratsA novel strategy to prepare the precursor peptide of liraglutideImpact of metformin on patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapyEffects of Different Doses of Metformin on Serum Fatty Acid Composition in Type 2 Diabetic RatsInsulin resistance and cognitive performance in type 2 diabetes — The Maastricht studyDesign and synthesis of novel thiazolidine-2,4-diones as hypoglycemic agentsMetformin in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results of a Pilot Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical TrialMetformin and lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysisGlibenclamide reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils of diabetes patients in response to bacterial infectionNa + /H + exchanger 1 inhibition reverses manifestation of peripheral diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic ratsThe soybean peptide aglycin regulates glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice via IR/IRS1 pathwayMolecular modeling of lanthionine synthetase component C-like protein 2: a potential target for the discovery of novel type 2 diabetes prophylactics and therapeuticsPharmacologic Approaches to Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Children and AdolescentsDifferential Effects of Acute (Extenuating) and Chronic (Training) Exercise on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Status in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes MellitusMetformin and Incident Breast Cancer among Diabetic Women: A Population-Based Case–Control Study in DenmarkThe Relationship Between the Continuum of Elevated Adiposity, Hyperinsulinemia, and Type 2 Diabetes and Late-onset Alzheimer's Disease: An Epidemiological PerspectiveTheoretical study of molecular structure, pKa, lipophilicity, solubility, absorption, and polar surface area of some hypoglycemic agentsType 2 Diabetes, Related Conditions, and DementiaExenatide: clinical aspects of the first incretin-mimetic for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitusThe mechanism of action of oral antidiabetic drugs: A review of recent literatureSERENADE: The Study Evaluating Rimonabant Efficacy in Drug-Naive Diabetic Patients: Effects of monotherapy with rimonabant, the first selective CB1 receptor antagonist, on glycemic control, body weight, and lipid profile in drug-naive type 2 diabetesAdiposity, hyperinsulinemia, diabetes and Alzheimer's diseaseIncretins: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon-like peptide-1Diabetes in WomenThe entero-insular axis: implications for human metabolismDiabetic Control AgentsMuscle glucose transport and phosphorylation in type 2 diabetic, obese nondiabetic, and genetically predisposed individualsExenatide: first-in-class incretin mimetic for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitusIncretin Mimetics and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitors: Potential New Therapies for Type 2 Diabetes MellitusType 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndromeType 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Youth: The Complete Picture to DateTratamiento no farmacológico y farmacológico de la diabetes mellitusCardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetics and pharmacological regulation of mealtime glucose excursionsHyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia: possible risk factors of colorectal cancer among diabetic patientsInsulin and Hypoglycemic AgentsTratamiento farmacológico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2Antidiabetic Action of a Liver X Receptor Agonist Mediated By Inhibition of Hepatic GluconeogenesisImpaired glucose tolerance: do pharmacological therapies correct the underlying metabolic disturbance?PPARγ AND G LUCOSE H OMEOSTASISInsulin Resistance: Concepts, Controversies, and the Role of Nutrition 4 July 2000Volume 133, Issue 1Page: 73-74KeywordsAlgorithmsDietDrug therapyExerciseFood and Drug AdministrationHemoglobinHypoglycemicsPatientsType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 4 July 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...