tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Properties and Biological Significance of the Ileal Bile Salt Transport System
Authors: Leon Lack
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The properties of a specific transport system for bile salts, which is located in the ileum of the small intestine are described. The system operates by a sodium ion cotransport mechanism, and it functions in maintaining a normal enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. Analysis of structure-activity data allows us to depict our hypothesis for the interaction of bile salt and Na with the membranal recognition site of this transport system. The sequellae of metabolic disorders which can arise following disease or surgical ablation of the ileal region of the intestine which result in an interrupted bile salt enterohepatic circulation are described. We suggest that these findings hold interest to toxicologists, since it is not beyond reason that toxic agents might exist which impair the function of this transport system specifically or which could poison the ileal mucosal cell. Such agents might be detected by the presence of some of the described metabolic disorders. Finally, we discuss the ileal transport of the sulfated esters of bile salts and the possibility that this might relate to that aspect of detoxification pertaining to their enhanced excretion.
Use of Tolonium Chloride in Localization of Parathyroid Tissue
Authors: Walter Di Giulio
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Tolonium chloride (toluidine blue 0) is a phenothiazine dye which selectively concentrates in parathyroid tissue, abnormal thyroid tissue, heart, and pancreas. Utilization of tolonium chloride infusions at the time of neck exploration for hyperparathyroidism has shortened and simplified the operative procedure, and has more often allowed identification of the remaining normal parathyroid glands. Tissue distribution ratios and preliminary work with analogues of tolonium chloride labeled with<i>131</i>I suggest that tolonium chloride may be successfully adapted as a vehicle for parathyroid scintiscanning.
Erythropoeitin
Authors: W Fried
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1995)

Erythropoietin (Epo), the first growth factor to be discovered, is an endocrine hormone produced by specialized renal cells. The rate of Epo production is determined primarily by the oxygen demands of these renal cells relative to their oxygen supply. However, Epo production is modulated by various hormones, nutritional factors, cytokines, and the integrity of the erythron. Epo interacts with specific receptors found almost exclusively on erythroid progenitors. This interaction results in an expansion of the number of the erythroid progenitor and triggers late committed progenitors to undergo terminal maturation when provided with essential nutrients. Recombinant human Epo (rHuEpo) is commercially available for human use. It is safe, easily administered, and almost universally effective in treating the anemia of patients with renal failure. It has also been successful in treating the anemia of some patients with neoplasms, myelodysplastic syndromes, HIV infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and aplastic anemia. Much remains to be learned about the regulation of Epo production, the physiologic actions of Epo, and how best to use this growth factor in the treatment of anemia.
Modulation of Carcinogenesis by Dietary Factors
Authors: M. W. Pariza, W. A. Hargraves, H. Benjamin, M. Christou, C. R. Jefcoate, J. Storkson, K. Albright, D. Kraus, P. Sharp, G. A. Boissonneault, C. E. Elson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The purpose of this report is to present recent data on two modulating factors of carcinogenesis that are found in Western-type diets: a beef-derived mutagenesis modulator that has been shown to inhibit the initiation of epidermal carcinogenesis in mice, and the possible role of net energy rather than dietary fat per se in the enhancement of rat mammary carcinogenesis.
Airway Smooth Muscle in Asthma
Authors: Marc B. Hershenson, Melanie Brown, Blanca Camoretti-Mercado, Julian Solway
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2004)

Airway smooth muscle plays a multifaceted role in the pathogenesis of asthma. We review the current understanding of the contribution of airway myocytes to airway inflammation, airway wall remodeling, and airflow obstruction in this prevalent disease syndrome. Together, these roles make airway smooth muscle an attractive target for asthma therapy.
SEX DETERMINATION
Authors: Frederick Hoelzel
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reply to a request for an explanation of the fact (?) that the sex of the offspring is that of the relatively stronger parent, it was maintained inThe Journal(May 28, 1949) that this has nothing to do with the determination of sex. The chromosomal explanation of sex determination was presented and the birth of about 94 females to every 100 males was cited as evidence in support of this explanation. However, approximately as many males as females would also be born if a number of factors besides the chromosomes influenced sex determination and under ordinary or uncontrolled conditions did so on a purely chance basis. As a matter of fact, human sex ratios have been reported which support the view that the sex of the offspring tends to be that of the "superior" parent. Thus, a ratio of 149 males to 100 females (5,676 males
Intrauterine Devices
Authors: Frank Alvarez-Sanchez
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the Questions and Answers section of<i>JAMA</i><sup>1</sup>there is a report on the views of the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Assessment Panelists on intrauterine devices (IUDs). When describing the mechanism of action of the copper-containing IUD, the following statement is made: "The contraceptive action of copper appears to be entirely within the uterus; ovulation is normal but implantation is inhibited." We recently published a study<sup>2</sup>that contradicts this theory. Our study consisted of searching for eggs from the tubal and uterine flushings of 115 control subjects who were not using contraceptives and 56 IUD users (of which 27 were Copper T 200 users). All were undergoing surgical sterilization within 132 hours following the luteinizing hormone peak. The percent of ova recovered from the tubal flushings of the IUD group was lower (39%) compared with the percent recovered in the control group (56%) (.05&lt;
St. Luke's Day
Authors: H. Caiger
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Until recently, dishabituation and sensitization have commonly been considered to reflect a unitary process: Sensitization refers to a general facilitation produced by strong or noxious stimuli that enhances subsequent responding; dishabituation has been thought to represent a special instance of sensitization in which the facilitation is simply superimposed on a habituated response level. The unitary process hypothesis was based on the observation that both decremented and nondecremented responses are facilitated by a common noxious or strong stimulus. However, this observation does not rule out the possibility that dishabituation and sensitization could reflect separate processes that are activated in parallel by a strong stimulus. Recent cellular experiments by Hochner et al. (1986) suggest that this, in fact, occurs in the sensory neurons of the gill withdrawal reflex in Aplysia. A developmental analysis of learning in the marine mollusc Aplysia permits a direct behavioral test of this hypothesis. If dishabituation and sensitization reflect a unitary process then they should emerge at the same time ontogenetically. On the other hand, if they reflect different processes, then they might emerge according to different ontogenetic timetables. In the present study we examined the temporal emergence of dishabituation and sensitization in the defensive siphon withdrawal reflex in 3 stages of juvenile Aplysia: stage 11, early stage 12, and late stage 12. Animals received one of 2 kinds of training: Dishabituation training, in which the effect of strong tail shock on habituated responses were observed, and Sensitization training, in which the effect of strong tail shock on nondecremented responses was observed. We found that, while dishabituation was present in all stages examined, sensitization did not emerge until several weeks later, in late stage 12. These results were confirmed and extended in a group of animals that were tested twice: first in stage 11, when they showed no sensitization, and again 13 weeks later, in late stage 12, when they then showed significant sensitization. Our analysis of nondecremented responses prior to the emergence of sensitization also revealed an unexpected inhibitory component of tail shock that produces reflex depression. Moreover, there was a clear progression in the net effects of tail shock during development: reflex depression was produced in stages 11 and early stage 12, followed by a transition to reflex facilitation (sensitization) in late stage 12. Finally, when sensitization emerged in late stage 12, the process of dishabituation showed a significant increase compared with previous developmental stages.
In Vitro Assessment of Asbestos Genotoxicity
Authors: F. B. Daniel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Asbestos fibers are highly cytotoxic to cultured mammalian cells and produce chromosomal aberrations in several rodent cell types. There is some uncertainty in the literature as to whether these fibers are clastogenic to cultured human cells. Asbestos fibers do not produce either DNA damage or back mutations in prokaryotic assay systems, and they do not appear to cause DNA strand breaks in either rodent or human cells. The evidence that these fibers can produce either forward mutation or neoplastic transformation of mammalian cells is weak. Asbestos fibers are clearly oncogenic to humans and animals, but, except for clastogenic effects in rodent cells, there is little evidence for genotoxicity of fibers. It is reasonable to expect, therefore, that these materials may be oncogenic by virtue of mechanisms rather than as tumor initiators.
PTH-171 Evaluation of TP53 mutations on barrett–s epithelium FFPE specimens with a novel next generation sequencing platform highlights a discordance with P53 immunohistochemistry: analysis of the barrett–s epithelium genome investigation study (begins)
Authors: MA Butt, S Khan, R Haidry, M Gandy, I Puccio, D Oukrif, S Kerr, E Bloom, M Banks, M Rodriguez-Justo, M Novelli, R Hamoudi, L Lovat
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Genetic factors play a crucial role in the predisposition to Barrett’s epithelium (BE) and progression to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA). Using next generation sequencing (NGS) methods on frozen tissue, TP53 mutations have been identified in a stage specific manor in BE (1). The standard method of preserving BE is formalin fixing and paraffin embedding (FFPE). NGS on tiny FFPE specimens is challenging. We examined the prevalence of TP53 genomic aberrations and p53 expression in tiny FFPE BE biopsies using an adapted NGS platform. <h3>Method</h3> 37 cases including non-dysplastic BE (NDBE; n = 7), low grade dysplasia (LGD; n = 7), high grade dysplasia (HGD; n = 9), intramucosal cancer (IMC; n = 6) and invasive OA (IOA; n = 8) were sequenced and immunostained. We used an inhouse, high throughput multiplexing method for targeted mutational screening using NGS on DNA extracted from FFPE tissue and analysed the files with our unique hidden Markov analytical method. Automated p53 IHC using clone D07 was used to correlate detected TP53 mutations with tissue expression. <h3>Results</h3> DNA extracted varied from 2–50 ng, including some highly degraded DNA material. TP53 was mutated in 40.5% (15/37) of cases; 28.6% of NDBE (2/7), 71.4% of LGD (5/7), 44.4% of HGD (4/9), 33.3% of IMC (2/6) and 25% of IOA (2/8). Interestingly, only 40% (6/15) of cases showed both TP53 mutations and p53 aberrations (over- or absence of expression), 60% (9/15) had mutations but no protein aberration, and 45% (5/11) had p53 aberration but no mutational abnormality. The data quality was excellent with all cases having a depth of coverage of at least x800 (mean coverage x1200 (Figure 1A). The level of p53 staining did not however correlate with mutation data (Figure 1B). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These results show discordance between detection of TP53 using mutation analysis and current p53 IHC methods. Furthermore, we identified patients with TP53 mutations in NDBE, which may pre-empt progression to OA. Identifying early genomic aberrations driving the development of OA from BE holds the key to accurately risk stratifying BE patients into more aggressive treatment strategies or frequent surveillance regimes. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>Reference</h3> Weaver <i>et al</i>. <i>Nat Genet</i>. 2014;46(8):837-43
Barriers to use of primary health care in a low-income setting in Nigeria: a cross-sectional descriptive study
Authors: Abubakar M Kurfi, Kalu U Nnena, Suleiman H Idris, Sambo Nasir
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2013)

BackgroundPrimary health care aims to provide essential health services and commodities to individuals and communities using available, acceptable, and sustainable resources. However, the demand for and use of primary care has fallen despite government investment. We sought to identify the main barriers affecting use of primary health-care services in Batsari (Katsina, Nigeria).MethodsWe did a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study population consisted of heads of households within the catchment area of the 21 primary health centres in Batsari. A sample size of 630 was drawn using cluster and random sampling techniques (using a random number table for all houses clustered within 30 min walking distance from primary health centre). We asked participants about predominant health problems and major determinants of access and use of primary health-care services. We analysed the results with SPSS (version 17.0).Findings337 of 630 participants (53%) preferred to seek care from local pharmacies run by community health workers or artisans compared with only 49 (8%) who used primary health-care services. The most common reasons for not using these services were a lack of essential drugs (n=276; 44%), high cost of services (n=149; 24%), and inadequate infrastructure in primary health-care facilities (n=42; 7%).InterpretationOur findings show the underutilisation of primary health-care services, and so will guide policy makers in improving health-care delivery, especially where the need is greatest—at the level of local governance —in line with the national health policy and national health strategic development plan of Nigeria.FundingNone.
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, August 15 to September 10,1962
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1962)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, August 15 to September 10,1962 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 29, Issue 4, October 1962, Page 815, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/29.4.815 Published: 01 October 1962
Plastic surgery
Authors: M. C. Stalnecker
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The past year has seen a flurry of activity by plastic surgeons exploring the exciting applications of tissue-derived factors in wound healing and bone formation. Other studies show promising new uses for tissue expansion and are revealing the mysteries of fetal scar formation. An increased understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of sternal wound infections has improved the recovery from this catastrophic occurrence, while refinements in head and neck reconstruction using free flaps offer a significant improvement to patients disfigured by congenital deformity, trauma, or tumor. Tissue-derived growth factors are now available in greater quantities due to biosynthesis through recombinant DNA technology. Researchers are now able to study their effects on the most basic problem in plastic surgery, wound healing, and have obtained exciting and promising results. Mustoe et al<sup>1</sup>have found that plateletderived growth factors promote wound healing in rats and partially restore wound healing in surface-irradiated animals
Fire, gases, smoke lower crash survival chances
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Smoke was discovered in the jet airliner's lavatory. Airport firefighters reached the jet as soon as its emergency landing was completed. But, says the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB): "About 60 to 90 seconds after the exits were opened, a flash fire engulfed the airplane['s] interior.... 23 passengers were unable to get out and died." That was in 1983. Now, the Federal Aviation Administration is requiring that, within three years, slower-burning seat coverings (of material to be selected by the airline but conforming to federal requirements) be installed in planes designed for 30 or more persons. Within two years, the agency says, these larger aircraft also must have emergency escape path markings or lighting on or near the floor to help guide passengers to safety when overhead emergency lighting is obscured by smoke. And, by the end of this month, the agency is expected to decide whether to require the
Government-industry-academia cooperation latest in NIH 'success story'
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From the Health Care Financing Administration
Authors: W. L. Roper
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diffuse Cerebellar Hypertrophy. Report of a Case
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Failure to thrive and metabolic alkalosis. Adverse effects of a chloride-deficient formula in two infants
Authors: J. I. Wolfsdorf
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This report concerns two infants with failure to thrive and hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis. Both infants were fed exclusively with a soybean-based formula, which, as a result of a manufacturing error, was severely deficient in chloride. When an alternative formula containing an adequate amount of chloride was prescribed, the electrolyte abnormality was corrected, and the infants resumed their normal weight gain. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1068-1070, 1980)
Ventilation perfusion relationships following correction of kyphoscoliosis
Authors: D. C. Shannon
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Lung function was evaluated in 13 patients before and after surgical correction of spinal deformity. Lung volumes were unchanged, physiologic dead space fell from 155 to 90 ml, and minute ventilation fell from 9.22 to 7.67 liters/min. Arterial oxygen tension (P0<sub>2</sub>) rose from 87 to 93 mm Hg at rest and from 80 to 85 mm Hg during exercise. The alveolar-arterial Po<sub>2</sub>gradient fell from 26 to 20 mm Hg at rest and was unchanged (90 mm Hg) while breathing oxygen. Distribution of ventilation and perfusion, studied with xenon Xe 133, was normal in patients with curves less than 65°. In those with curves exceeding 70°, ventilation in each lung zone was variable. The normal perfusion gradient from upper to lower lung zones was equally reduced both before and after correction.
The cost-effectiveness of misoprostol
Authors: Sanford H. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the July 4,1990, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Edelson et al<sup>1</sup>presented a mc del regarding the cost-effectiveness of misoprostol (Cytotec) as either primary or secondary prophylaxis against NSAID-induced gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Their model, however, may no properly reflect present clinical and pu blic health concerns. For example, by limiting the construct to bleeding and death alone and the direct medical costs associated with those se outcomes, the authors ignore nonbleeding active ulcers, which play a large role in NSAID-induced clinical problems.<sup>2</sup>Such nonbleeding ulcers cause lost work time and earnings, direct and indirect medical costs, and suffering, from both the ulcer episode and th( inability to use NSAIDs to relieve pain and improve functioning.<sup>4</sup>Hence, the model would be strengthened by examining cost per ulcer avoided rather than cost per YOLS, which has an inherent bias against middle-aged and older adults. If, as