tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Key Global Literature
Authors: Vivian Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Findings.De Angelis et al. studied type 2 diabetic patients with symptomatic erectile dysfunction (ED) and control diabetic patients matched for age and disease without ED.Endothelial functions (using biochemical markers), hemostasis and fibrinolysis, and quantitative testing to assess peripheral or autonomic neuropathy were studied.There was a significant relation between HbA 1c and erectile function score in patients with ED (r ϭ Ϫ0.45).The decrease in blood pressure and platelet aggregation in response to L-arginine was lower in patients with ED, whereas soluble thrombomodulin, P-selectin, and intercellular cell ahhesion molecule-1 concentrations were higher.Indices of coagulation activation (F1 ϩ 2 and D-dimers) and reduced fibrinolysis (plasmingen-activated inhibitor-1) were also found to be higher in ED patients.Heat-pain and warm perception thresholds, as well as cardiovascular reflex tests, were most commonly abnormal in patients with ED.Significance.The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between ED and endothelial functions, coagulation activation, and peripheral and autonomic neuropathy in men with type 2 diabetes.ED in diabetic men correlated with endothelial dysfunction.The authors suggest that reduced nitric oxide activity might provide a unifying explanation, although this was not actually measured in the study.Clinical Impact.Unfortunately, the two groups of patients in this study were not matched for glycemic control, which may have been an important confounding factor in the results.Nevertheless, it may be helpful for clinicians to learn that ED is related to many of the cardiovascular risk factors associated with insulin resistance.We may then diagnose and treat the condition more appropriately (see next abstract).
A7.02 Protective effect of thrombospondin-4 expressing mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis
Authors: M Maumus, K Toupet, F Djouad, JP David, C Jorgensen, D Noël
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Several members of the thrombospondin (THBS) family have been shown to play a role in cartilage homeostasis and physiopathology. While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) express different THBS members and exert a therapeutic effect in osteoarticular diseases, the role of THBS4 has been poorly investigated. We therefore evaluated the role of THBS4 deficient MSCs in osteoarthritic mice. <h3>Methods</h3> MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of wild type C57BL6 and THBS4 knock-out C57BL6 mice and named wt and THBS4<sup>-/- </sup>MSC, respectively. Osteoarthritis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by collagenase injections. On day 7, 200,000 MSCs were injected in the joint and on day 42, hind paws were processed for Safranin O-Fast green staining and scored. Tibiae were incubated in 30% of Hexabrix 320 contrast agent and scanned in a microCT scanner (SkyScan). Quantification of cartilage damage was then assessed after scanning the entire articular cartilage of tibiae with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM; SP5 Leica). <h3>Results</h3> Histological analysis showed a significantly lower OA score in the joints of mice injected with wt MSCs as compared to control OA mice or mice that received THBS4<sup>-/-</sup> MSCs. These results were confirmed by CLSM analysis of tibia plateau cartilages. Both the volume and thickness of articular cartilage were significantly lower in THBS4<sup>-/-</sup> MSCs treated mice and in control OA mice than in mice treated with wt MSCs. Furthermore after incubation of tibiae with contrast agent, microCT analysis revealed a significant depletion of GAG content in the articular cartilage. Finally, microCT analysis of subchondral bone indicated a significant increase of bone surface degradation (increase of surface/volume ratio) as well as a significant decrease of bone mineral density and subchondral bone thickness in control OA mice and mice injected with THBS4<sup>-/-</sup> MSCs as compared to wt MSCs treated mice. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In contrast to wt MSCs, THBS4<sup>-/-</sup> MSCs were defective in their capacity to inhibit cartilage degradation in an osteoarthritic mouse model. Altogether, the data point out the role of the THBS4 pathway in the therapeutic effect of MSCs in osteo-articular diseases.
BCR/ABL Oncogenic Kinase Promotes Unfaithful Repair of the Reactive Oxygen Species - Dependent DNA Double-Strand Breaks.
Authors: Tomasz Skorski, Michal O. Nowicki, Rafal Falinski, Mateusz Koptyra, Artur Slupianek, Tomasz Stoklosa, Ewa Gloc, Margaret Nieborowska-Skorska, Janusz Blasiak
Journal: Blood (2004)
Low-Friction Arthroplasty
Authors: Michael P. Mandarino
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Eftekhar should be highly praised for his article, "Low-Friction Arthroplasty" (<b>218</b>:705, 1971). I agree with him entirely that this "treatment of severe hip disorders is now well beyond the experimental stage." During 1959 to 1960, 11 "total hip replacements," using prostheses of polyurethane plastic (Ostamer), were performed by Charles O. Townley, MD, Port Huron, Mich. Not one patient has developed carcinoma, embolus, infection, nerve palsy, or dislocation. In fact, it may be said that 10 to 11 years later the results are excellent. Total hip replacement is a great addition to the armentorium of the orthopedic surgeon. It is, and should be, no more than a routine major othopedic operation, performed by a capably trained man. For some reason—be it commercial publicity by our manufacturers, a deep-seated hunger for something new and dramatic in the operating room, or defensive fears that have been created by the
Clinical Lectures on Dislocations, Delivered at the Charing - Cross Hospital
Authors: H. Hancock
Journal: BMJ (1845)

CLINICAL LECTURES ON DISLOCATIONS, instances than one, had cases of this description DELIVERED AT THE CHARING -CROSS under my care, which might easily be traced to HOSPITAL.inefficient treatment.As a general rule, I would say to you, in all By H-zr{ay HAwcocr, Esqv, Surgeon to the Hospital.cases of acute inflammation of joints, whether the LECTURLE XVI.result of dislocation or otherwise, your treatment .Although as a ,general law, it i desirable to, should be'decided.Recollect that the structures xgduce the bone as soon as posible, yet, where the attacked are, for the most part, o low organization, parts about the joint are tense, very painful, or unable to resist morbid action, and predisposed to much, swollen, you ought not to attempt the alterations of structure, which impair the'-fuintions reduction until you have got rid of the inflam-of the limb, and more or less cripple the patient for mation.the rest of his days.Mr. Allan describes two kinds of swelling suc-I cannot give you any rule as to the quantity of ceeding these accidents; one, which immediately -blood you are to abstract; that must depend upon supervenes, depending upon blood effused into the circumstances, and upon the age of your patient.cellular tissue, in consequence of ruptured vessels; But I would say, bleed until you produce a marked the other, which obtains at a later period, the con-and decided effect upon the symptoms, until the sequence of increased vascular action, or, in other pain and sensation of beat are diminished, uitil the words, inflammation.jslse is soft and slower.If you bleed from the arm, In the former there is neither heat nor redness, doa;o by a large orifice, as fourteen ounces takem and not more pain than is to be expected from such freely are of more service than twenty from a small an injurY, consequently, nothing to prevent you opening.If you employ leeches, do so in larg' at onceattempting reductiot ; but in the latter there quantities, for you must bear in mind that with'lI is great tension, the skin is glossy, the patient the messing and sopping, we can scarcely calcuate
Ulcers and Gastritis
Authors: G N Tytgat
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Once again this year, developments in the field of ulcers and gastritis have been entirely dominated by findings relating to Helicobacter pylori. However, interest in H. pylori can be expected to decline, since the prevalence of the infection is rapidly decreasing in the developing world - to the point that many gastroduodenal ulcers are now unrelated to H. pylori A further reason for declining interest is disappointment regarding the role of H. pylori in dyspepsia. The expected reduction in the endoscopic workload produced by screening for H. pylori or cagA positivity has so far not occurred. The exact role of the damage caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in H. pylori-infected stomachs remains controversial. Equally controversial is the magnitude of the increased reflux symptomatology and reflux disease observed after H. pylori infection has been cured in patients with ulcer disease. Eradication therapy is largely dominated by proton-pump inhibitor triple therapies, although the efficacy of these is declining. Bismuth triple therapy and quadruple therapy continue to be valid alternatives.
RUDOLF MAGNUS (1873-1927) PHYSIOLOGY OF POSTURE
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quality of care in general practice varies widely
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery may be harmfulEarly feeding after gastrointestinal surgery reduces the risk of infections and shortens length of stay in hospital.Lewis and colleagues (p 773) systematically reviewed the evidence from randomised controlled trials that compared early feeding with management by "nil by mouth" after elective gastrointestinal surgery.The authors argue that keeping patients nil by mouth may do more harm than good and that a large trial is required to confirm or refute the benefits of early feeding that were seen in small trials.
A phase I study of NPC-1C, a novel therapeutic antibody to treat pancreas and colorectal cancers.
Authors: N. S. Azad, L. A. Diaz, C. E. Devoe, D. Laheru, D. T. Le, D. Cosgrove, L. Zheng, A. De Jesus-Acosta, R. C. Donehower, P. M. Arlen, J. A. Bristol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TPS141 Background: NPC-1C (N: ensituximab) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody being developed as a novel agent for pancreatic and colorectal cancers. This antibody was selected from a panel of hybridomas generated from mice immunized with semi-purified membrane-associated proteins derived from biologically screened, pooled human allogeneic colon cancer tissues. N recognizes a unique immunogenic epitope with homology to a region of MUC5AC. This epitope is expressed by colon and pancreatic tumor tissues and cell lines. N does not cross-react with normal tissues (or MUC5AC from other types of cancers), except for occasional, weak binding to certain GI tract tissues. The N antibody shows ADCC activity against human colon and pancreatic tumor cells, but not control tumor cell lines. Human pancreatic tumor xenograft models showed significant, and reproducible, anti-tumor action, including some complete tumor regressions. Several examples of human tumor tissues stained with N showed a strong correlation of N staining against pancreatic and colon tumors (45% of tumors strongly positive). Methods: A Phase I open label, multi-center dose escalation clinical trial with N is currently accruing patients with advanced, refractory pancreatic and colorectal cancer. A standard 3+3 design with an expansion cohort of 10 pancreatic cancer patients is planned. Patients will be treated with N starting at 1 mg/kg IV q2wks; cohort 1 has been completed without DLT and cohort 2 is being accrued; patients are hospitalized for 48 hours for observation after the first dose of N. Eligibility criteria included good end organ function and performance status, >20% of tumor tissue staining positive for MUC5AC, and an exclusion for QTc prolongation or history of hemolytic episodes. The primary objectives of the trial are to determine the safety/tolerability of escalating doses of N therapy and to assess pharmacokinetics and immune responses to the antibody at each dose level. Secondary objectives are to evaluate evidence of clinical benefit, as measured by RECIST criteria, and to explore the immunologic correlates associated with administration of N therapy. Results from this trial will determine the dosage levels to be used in further trials. NCT01040000.
The health care needs of homeless and runaway youths
Authors: S. M. Wolf
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Winkleby and Fischetti draw attention to potential problems in the public interpretation of scientific data. Our report presented an overview of a complex data set and was not intended to be a complete analysis. It was written for a medical audience, and it is a cause of concern to us, too, that our data can be misinterpreted in the public media, where, for example, reports may fail to distinguish major mental illnesses from the broad spectrum of Axis I disorders. In fact, although our prevalence rates of Axis I disorders as a whole are very high, those for major mental illness do not diverge substantially from rates reported by other investigators.<sup>1</sup>Where our study differed from others was that subjects were examined by psychiatrists, so that a wider range of psychopathology was detected than is possible using structured interview instruments. The question of "severity" of
Lupus Erythematosus: A Review of the Current Status of Discoid and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Their Variants
Authors: J. W. HOLLINGSWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This textbook, edited and to a considerable extent written by Dubois, has become the standard reference on lupus erythematosus. The new second edition represents an unusual publishing mechanism: in order to cut costs the 1965 text was reproduced almost totally, and only a few chapters were revised or added. However, most chapters from the old text were expanded by addenda commenting on the changes that have occurred in the nine years intervening since the first edition. This mechanism proves to be quite effective. The supplements and new material have swollen the book to 6 lb and from 479 to 800 pages. Particularly outstanding was the addendum by Quismorio and Friou on new immunological developments. The references are extensive. An excellent index improves the value of this book and helps to make it the standard source of detailed information about that complex and fascinating disease, lupus erythematosus.
A phase II study of RC48-ADC in HER2-positive patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
Authors: Xinan Sheng, Ai-Ping Zhou, Xin Yao, Yanxia Shi, Hong Luo, Benkang Shi, Jiyan Liu, Guohua Yu, Zhisong He, Changlu Hu, Weiqing Han, Jianmin Fang, Jun Guo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

4509 Background: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the third largest cancer type with HER2 positive cancer. RC48-ADC is a novel humanized anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). This study was to evaluate the activity of RC48-ADC in HER2-positive patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). Methods: This study is an open-label, multicenter, single-arm, non-randomized phase II study. Eligibility criteria include: histologically confirmed UC, HER2-positive (IHC 2+ or 3+), ECOG PS 0-1, treated with ≥1 prior systemic treatment. The patients received RC48-ADC treatment alone (2 mg/kg IV infusion, q2w) until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal, or study termination. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Progress-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety was also assessed. Results: Patient enrollment for this study was completed in November 2018. A total of 43 patients were enrolled, with a median age of 64 years old. At baseline, most patients (37/43) had visceral metastasis. Fourteen (32.6%) patients had received ≥ 2 lines treatment and 8 (18.6%) patients had prior immune checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy in second line treatment. The objective response rate was 60.5% (95% CI: 44.4%, 75.0%) and the DCR was 90.7% (39/43). As of Jan 23, 2019, the median PFS for the overall study population was not yet reached, and the median PFS was 7.8 months (95% CI: 4.9, 10.7) for the 9 patients who started RC48-ADC prior to Jun 30, 2018. The ORR was 70.6% (12/17) in patients with HER2 FISH+ or IHC3+. The ORR was 64.9% (24/37) in patients with visceral metastasis and was 70.0% (14/20) in liver metastasis patients especially. The ORR was 64.3% in patients post to ≥ 2 lines treatment and 75.0% in patients post to immunotherapy. Common treatment-related AEs were leukopenia (51.2%), hypoesthesia (41.9%), alopecia (41.9%), neutropenia (37.2%), fatigue (34.9%), ALT increase (32.6%), and AST increase (32.6%); Most were Grade 1 or 2. Conclusions: RC48-ADC has demonstrated a clinically meaningful ORR of 60.5% in pretreated HER-2 positive mUC patients including those who underwent failure to the immunotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03507166.
Evidence That the Hla Dqa1*03 Allele Confers Protection From Chronic Hcv–Infection in Northern European Caucasoids
Authors: C Tibbs, P Donaldson, J Underhill, L Thomson, K Manabe, R Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In the search for factors which may influence susceptibility to and outcome from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, few studies have considered the influence of host genes. In the present investigation we have performed HLA DRB1, DQA1, DQB1, and DPB1 genotyping on 104 northern European patients with chronic HCV infection and 177 racially and geographically matched controls. Three HLA class II alleles, DRB1*0403, DQA1*03, and DQB1*0302 were present at a significantly lower frequency in patients compared with controls (4.9% vs. 13%, 20.7% vs. 41.2%, and 11.4% vs. 30.5%, respectively) though only two DQB1*0302 and DQA1*03 were significant after correction for multiple testing (pc = 0.038, and pc = 0.046, respectively). No further HLA associations with chronic HCV infection were observed and there was no correlation between stage of disease and HLA genotype. These data provide the first suggestion that susceptibility to chronic HCV infection may be influenced by the hosts' HLA DQ alleles.
Genetic Testing of Families With Hereditary Diseases
Authors: Olufunmilayo I. Olopade
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Lerman and colleagues<sup>1</sup>recently provided data on the uptake of<i>BRCA1</i>testing in adult members of families with<i>BRCA1</i>-linked hereditary breast-ovarian cancer. However, in their discussion, the authors underscored the value of personal access to genetic education in helping patients form opinions about testing. It is not surprising that only 43% of their study subjects requested<i>BRCA1</i>results, probably because of the counseling model used.<sup>2</sup>In my experience, the relationships within some families are so strained that individual members would rather not interact with some of their relatives. What is remarkable about the study by Lerman et al is that 115 (99%) of 116 individuals who participated in pretest education elected to receive their test results. These data strengthen the argument for personalized counseling.<sup>3</sup> A recent review of our Cancer Risk Clinic program identified access to counseling and education as one of
Movement and Distribution of Arsenic in the Aberjona Watershed
Authors: Harold F. Hemond
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The distribution and movement of arsenic was investigated on the Aberjona watershed in eastern Massachusetts for the purpose of identifying where and by what processes present and past human exposures to this element could have occurred.It was found that although most of the arsenic was originally released in the headwaters of the watershed, extensive migration had occurred, and the potential for human exposure existed far from designated hazardous waste sites.Both surface water and groundwater were found to be important transport pathways; arsenic moved between these two media at several locations in the watershed, with hydrology and concomitant redox, sorption, and alkylation processes deter- mining the observed patterns of arsenic movement.These findings demonstrate that risk assessments or remedial investigations restricted to des- ignated sites or properties in a watershed may yield both an inaccurate picture of the overall risks presented by a chemical and a less-than-optimum focus for remedial efforts.Since total recovery of the arsenic on this watershed is probably not feasible, cost-effective management will also depend on an adequate understanding of arsenic biogeochemistry and hydrologic transport processes at the watershed scale.Because the Aberjona Watershed is typical of many urban, industrialized areas, these results suggest that the whole watershed often defines the appropriate unit for investigation of chemical contamination in the environment.
Erratum for the Research Article: “Prostate cancer cell–stromal cell crosstalk via FGFR1 mediates antitumor activity of dovitinib in bone metastases” by X. Wan, P. G. Corn, J. Yang, N. Palanisamy, M. W. Starbuck, E. Efstathiou, E. M. Tapia, A. J. Zurita, A. Aparicio, M. K. Ravoori, E. S. Vazquez, D. R. Robinson, Y.-M. Wu, X. Cao, M. K. Iyer, W. McKeehan, V. Kundra, F. Wang, P. Troncoso, A. M. Chinnaiyan, C. J. Logothetis, N. M. Navone
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2015)
Counting generalist physicians
Authors: D. A. Kindig
Journal: JAMA (1994)

THERE HAS recently been renewed interest in the specialty balance in the US physician workforce, with many groups calling for increased production of generalist physicians. A number of factors are responsible for this, including declining medical student interest in generalist careers,<sup>1</sup>continued shortages in rural and inner-city areas,<sup>2,3</sup>increased demand from managed care organizations, cross-national experience,<sup>4</sup>as well as some evidence of cost savings from higher proportions of generalists.<sup>5,6</sup>The Council on Graduate Medical Education<sup>7</sup>has called for a reduction in first-year graduate medical education positions to 110% of US medical graduates with a 50:50 generalist-to-specialist mix, and the Physician Payment Review Commission<sup>8</sup>has also considered such changes. Similar recommendations have been proposed in the Clinton Health Security Act as well as independently in Congress. Such changes are significant and could be approached from a variety of educational, financial, and regulatory perspectives. In order