tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transport of reduced glutathione in hepatic mitochondria and mitoplasts from ethanol-treated rats: Effect of membrane physical properties and S-adenosyl-?-methionine
Authors: A Colell
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Ethanol intake depletes the mitochondrial pool of reduced glutathione (GSH) by impairing the transport of GSH from cytosol into mitochondria. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) supplementation of ethanol-fed rats restores the mitochondrial pool of GSH. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of ethanol feeding on the kinetic parameters of mitochondrial GSH transport, the fluidity of mitochondria, and the effect of SAM on these changes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ethanol-liquid diet for 4 weeks supplemented with either SAM or N-acetylcysteine (NAC). SAM-supplementation of ethanol-fed rats restored the mitochondrial GSH pool but NAC administration did not. Kinetic studies of GSH transport in isolated mitochondria revealed two saturable, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-stimulated components that were affected significantly by chronic ethanol feeding: Lowering Vmax (0.22 and 1.6 in ethanol case vs. 0.44 and 2.7 nmol/15 sec/mg protein in controls) for both low and high affinity components with the latter showing an increased Km (15.5 vs. 8.9, mmol/L in ethanol vs. control). Mitochondria from SAM-supplemented ethanol-fed rats showed kinetic features of GSH transport similar to control mitochondria. Determination of membrane fluidity revealed an increased order parameter in ethanol compared with control mitochondria, which was restricted to the polar head groups of the bilayer and was prevented by SAM but not NAC supplementation of ethanol-fed rats. The changes elicited in mitochondria by ethanol were confined to the inner membrane; mitoplasts from ethanol-fed rats showed features similar to those of intact mitochondria such as impaired transport of GSH and increased order parameter. A different mitochondrial transporter, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/ATP translocator, was unaffected by ethanol feeding. Furthermore, fluidization of mitochondria or mitoplasts from ethanol-fed rats by treatment with a fatty acid derivative restored their ability to transport GSH to control levels. Thus, ethanol-induced impaired transport of GSH into mitochondria is selective, mediated by decreased fluidity of the mitochondrial inner membrane, and prevented by SAM treatment. (Hepatology 1997 Sep;26(3):699-708)
Predicting Public Concern regarding Toxic Substances in the Environment
Authors: Holly L. Howe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The purpose of this research was to identify the variables that increase concern about the health, environmental contamination, and economic consequences of toxic substances in the environment. A mail survey was sent to a New York State sample, and a 66% response was obtained. Seven indices were developed from specific concerns about toxic substances in the environment including, among others, exposure, health effects, pollution, and economic consequences. Stepwise regression analysis was conducted for each concern index. The results suggest that the number of information sources regarding environmental issues was a strong predictor of concern in nearly all models. Other variables that were repeatedly found to be important contributors to the models were years of education, attitudes about government involvement in private industry, knowledge of epidemiology and the scientific method, and the perceived proximity to sources of potential contamination. Unlike other research, women and mothers of sick children did not make large contributions to the model.
Burns
Authors: Alex Benson, William A Dickson, Dean E Boyce
Journal: BMJ (2006)

About 250 000 people are burnt each year in the United Kingdom.Of these, almost 112 000 attend an accident and emergency department and about 210 die of their injuries.At least 250 000 others attend their general practitioner for treatment of their injury.A burn results in loss of epidermal integrity of the skin; this article discusses the aetiology and management of various types of burn injury. Mechanisms of burn Thermal injuryFlame-Accelerants such as petrol, lighter fluid, or natural gas are often involved.The depth of flame burn is typically full or partial thickness.Scald-60% of burns in children are from scalds.Non-accidental injury is rare but should be considered if there are delays in presentation, inconsistencies in history, or an unusual pattern of injury.Contact-Contact burns often present as small burns on extremities, but they can be serious in those not able to remove themselves from the source of injury, such as elderly people, children, disabled people, and those incapacitated by drugs, alcohol, fit, or faint.Flash-Flash burns are usually to the face and upper limbs and are caused by an explosive ignition of a volatile substance.They are often due to use of accelerants to light a fire or gas explosions. Electrical injuryLow voltage-The energy imparted from 240 V usually gives a deep burn in the form of a small entry and exit wound.Such burns are commonly seen on the hands.If alternating current crosses the myocardium, arrhythmias may arise.If the electrocardiogram is normal and there is no history of loss of consciousness, admission to hospital for cardiac monitoring is not required.High voltage-High tension burns occur with an injury resulting from 1000 V or more.These catastrophic injuries result in extensive tissue damage.Rhabdomyolysis and renal failure may occur.Flash-An arc of high tension current from a high voltage power source may cause injury, without the current traversing the body.Heat can damage exposed skin, and clothing may ignite.Adapted from UK manual for "Emergency Management of Severe Burns" course.See "protocol" box next page *Oil and water.Clockwise from top left: Full thickness flame burn to the right arm, torso, and face and neck (not shown); "pull over" scald (hot tea) to a toddler; flash burn and erythema to face (note sparing of skin creases); full thickness contact burn (patient was alcoholic and fell unconscious against a portable heater) Low voltage (240 V) electrical burns to the finger pulps Left: Cement burns to the dorsum of the toe.These burns may initially be deemed superficial; persistence of the alkali within the skin can cause a progressive full thickness burn.Right: Full thickness caustic soda burn
Nobel Laureate May Be Next NIH Director
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Nobel Laureate May Be Next NIH Director Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 15, 4 August 1993, Page 1189, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.15.1189 Published: 04 August 1993
Impaired delayed hypersensitivity in an aging population. Association with antinuclear reactivity and rheumatoid factor
Authors: D. S. Waldorf
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The ability to develop delayed hypersensitivity was studied in 116 normal elderly subjects who were between 59 and 98 years old, with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) as an antigen. Only 84 (72%) were sensitized to the chemical. The impaired responsiveness was confined to those subjects more than 70 years of age, 69% of whom reacted, and was in contrast to the normal responsiveness (94%) of those 69 years of age or less. Sixteen subjects who reacted to tuberculin skin testing could not be sensitized to DNCB, suggesting that previously developed delayed hypersensitivity might persist despite the demonstration of anergy to a new allergen. Fourteen of 16 subjects with circulating antinuclear factor reacted to DNCB but only 3 of 6 with rheumatoid factor could be sensitized. No correlation was observed between serum immunoglobulin concentrations and reactivity to DNCB or tuberculin.
Inconsistency and institutional review boards
Authors: J. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To assess the adequacy of peer review for research on human subjects, identical research protocols in oncology and anesthesiology were submitted to 32 institutional review boards (IRBs) at major universities with medical colleges. Each of the protocols posed serious ethical issues, contained flaws in scientific design, and provided an incomplete consent form. Twenty-two IRBs participated in the investigation, which revealed (1) consistency in the nonapproval of the three protocols, (2) substantial inconsistency among IRBs in the reasons offered in support of similar decisions, and (3) substantial inconsistency in the application of ethical, methodological, and informed-consent standards for individual review boards. This evidence suggests that revision of the protocols to satisfy particular objections would result in approval of flawed investigations. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:197-202)
Monoclonal antibodies to endotoxin. New allies against sepsis?
Authors: R. C. Bone
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Both Greenman et al<sup>1</sup>and Ziegler et al<sup>2</sup>recently reported studies of major importance. Both studies found that monoclonal antibodies to endotoxin can reduce mortality and increase the reversal of multiorgan failure in some patients with gram-negative sepsis. This is welcome news, given that sepsis is increasing in incidence and its associated mortality remains high despite the use of potent antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, and vasoactive agents.<sup>3</sup> Unfortunately, neither monoclonal antibody was effective in all patients to whom it was given, and each antibody was effective in a different subgroup of patients. Although their prices have not been announced, both products are expected to be costly. Thus, physicians will be faced with several dilemmas when these agents are approved for use. The first dilemma involves cost. I believe that monoclonal antibodies to endotoxin will prove to be extremely helpful in the management of gram-negative
Gender differences in brain activity evoked by visceral pain in healthy subjects
Authors: M. Kano, S. J. Coen, A. D. Farmer, Q. Aziz
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Females are more likely than males to suffer from many chronic pain conditions, including functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, due to the limited number of studies, information available about gender-differences in normal human central processing of visceral pain is still preliminary. We investigated whether gender differences exist in brain response to visceralpain in a large cohort of healthy volunteers. <h3>Methods</h3> Sixteen males and sixteen females (mean age = 31 and 28, respectively) participated in the study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to acquire blood oxygen level dependant contrast images at 3 Tesla. Data was collected whilst subjects received painful balloon distensions to the distal esophagus as well as during anticipation of pain. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) was used to assess personality trait in each subject. During fMRI scanning, subjective perception of the pain stimulus was measured by visual analogue scale, as well as skin conductance response (SCR). <h3>Results</h3> There was no significant difference in subjective ratings of pain and personality scale (neuroticism, extraversion and psychoticism) between males and females. Males showed higher SCR in anticipation and oesophageal pain compared to rest (p = 0.02, p = 0.0002, respectively). Female showed higher SCR in only pain compared to rest (p = 0.0006). During anticipation, males demonstrated greater activation in the right amygdale and anterior cerebellum, whilst females produced greater brain activity than males in the right supplementary motor area (SMA) and posterior cerebellum. During oesophageal pain males showed greater activation in the SMA and left caudate, whilst females showed greater activation in the mid cingulate cortex, premotor cortex and cerebellum. All brain data was significant at least level p ≤ 0.05. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Brain activity during anticipation suggests men may experience fear whilst women may mount a planningmotor response. During pain, men show an increased motor response whilst women preferentially activate brain areas associated with the negative affective component of pain suggesting they may attribute more negative emotions during pain processing. These differences may underliethe gender biases that exist in functional pain disorders that are more prevalent in females and where affective comorbidity is present.
Alemtuzumab Plus Oral Dexamethasone, Followed by Alemtuzumab Maintenance or Allogeneic Transplantation in Ultra High-Risk CLL: Interim Analysis of a Phase II Study of the GCLLSG and fcgcll/MW
Authors: Stephan Stilgenbauer, Florence Cymbalista, Véronique Leblond, Alain Delmer, Dirk Winkler, Andreas Bühler, Thorsten Zenz, Silja Mack, Raymonde Busch, Axel Hinke, Sylvain Choquet, Caroline Dartigeas, Bruno Cazin, Olivier Tournilhac, Michael Rieger, Jürgen Alt, Martin Sökler, Johannes Schetelig, Peter Dreger, Michael Hallek, Hartmut Döhner
Journal: Blood (2011)
'Behavioral' vision test useful in infancy
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The sooner in infancy that vision is tested, the better the chance of averting eye problems early in life. The challenge is to devise a valid test that can be administered easily and quickly to infants. The latest attempt to meet these criterions is a behavioral method called forced-choice preferential looking. It is being evaluated in Seattle, where it was developed by psychologists Davida Y. Teller, PhD, and M. Velma Dobson, PhD (at the University of Washington), as well as in Boston and Miami. So far, investigators say, the results are promising. Some early data were presented in Kansas City, Mo, at the first annual scientific meeting of the American Academy of Ophthalmology by Anne B. Fulton, MD, and co-workers at Harvard Medical School, and by John T. Flynn, MD, and colleagues at the University of Miami School of Medicine. In Boston the test usually takes five to ten minutes,
Pulse
Authors: Valerie Wohlfeld
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTU-176 Implementation Of Objective Activity Monitoring To Supplement The Interpretation Of Ambulatory Oesophageal Ph Investigations
Authors: RM Kwasnicki, R Ley Greaves, R Ali, P Gummett, J Hoare, G-Z Yang, A Darzi
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Conventional catheter-based systems used for ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring have been reported to affect patient behaviour. As physical activity has been associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), there is a risk that abnormal behaviour will degrade the value of this diagnostic investigation and consequent management strategies. Our aim was to provide the reporting physician with objective peri-investigational changes in activity, and the means to assess the association between activity and pH during the test, using a wearable activity monitor. <h3>Methods</h3> Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01507298) and ethics approved (11/LO/1981). Twenty patients listed for 24h pH monitoring underwent activity monitoring using a lightweight ear-worn accelerometer (e-AR sensor, Imperial College London) 2 days prior to, and during their investigation. PH was measured and recorded using a conventional naso-gastric catheter and waist worn receiver. Objectively measured activity levels, including subject-specific activity intensity quartiles, were calculated and compared over the 3 days. Physical activity was added to standard test outputs to supplement interpretation and diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> Average patient activity levels decreased by 26.5% during pH monitoring (Range -4.5–51.0%, <i>p </i>= 0.036). The amount of high intensity activities decreased by 24.4% (Range –4.0–75.6%, <i>p </i>= 0.036), and restful activity increased on average by 34% although this failed to reach statistical significance (-24.0–289.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.161). Some patients exhibited consistent associations between bouts of activity and acidic episodes (Figure 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results of this study support the previously reported reduction in activity during ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring,<sup>1,2</sup> with the added reliability of objective activity data. In the absence of more pervasive pH monitoring systems (e.g. wireless), quantifying activity changes in the setting of activity-induced reflux might facilitate recalibration of patient DeMeester scores and therefore more appropriate management of GORD. <h3>Reference</h3> Fass R, <i>et al</i>. Effect of ambulatory pH monitoring on reflux-provoking activities. <i>Dig Dis Sci</i> 1999;44:2263–9 Mearin F, <i>et al</i>. How standard is a standard day during a standard ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring? <i>Scand J Gastroenterol</i> 1998;33:583–5 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Management of Melanoma in the Elderly 1150Melanoma incidence and mortality have increased steadily over the past 25 years.In addition to higher incidence rates, older patients have lower disease-specific survival rates than younger patients.In this retrospective population-based study, Ciocan et al demonstrate that primary tumor characteristics differed among older patients.In addition, time to definitive excision was longer, more of them had insufficient excision margins, sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed less frequently, and adjuvant therapy was less frequently started and was prematurely stopped.These data highlight needs for elderly access to settings for early diagnosis as well as the need for excision with appropriate margins.
Physician, Cherish Thyself
Authors: George E. Vaillant
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The report by Hughes et al<sup>1</sup>on the prevalence of substance use among US physicians helps to rescue our knowledge of the matter both from fantasy and from parochialism. The authors sent questionnaires to a random sample of 9600 US physicians and they made an effort to analyze their results in terms of gender, age, region of the country, and the type of drug use. To obtain similar stratified results from the population as a whole, the authors took advantage of comparable data from the National Institute on Drug Abuse's National Household Survey of Drug Abuse. The study represents a methodological advance over prior efforts to assess doctors' misuse of mood-altering agents, and the findings allow us to estimate trends of drug use and drug abuse among different physician cohorts. See also p 2333. Surprisingly, the fact that Hughes et al obtained only a 59% questionnaire completion rate may
Medical genetics
Authors: D. R. Cox
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A number of significant advances in medical genetics over the past year have been a result of early successes of the Human Genome Project, an international effort to construct a map of the human "genetic blueprint." An important goal of the Human Genome Project, which officially began in 1990, is to provide more efficient and cost-effective approaches for identifying human disease genes. However, identification of single genes that play key roles in human disease is a daunting task, given that there are an estimated 100 000 human genes scattered throughout the 3 billion base pairs of DNA that make up the human chromosomes. Over the past year, improvements in the map of the human genome have led to the chromosomal localization of a number of new disease genes,<sup>1</sup>including genes involved in breast cancer,<sup>2</sup>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,<sup>3</sup>and diabetes.<sup>4</sup>In addition, advances in technologies that allow
National and State-Specific Pregnancy Rates Among Adolescents—United States, 1995-1997
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Each year in the United States, 800,000-900,000 adolescents aged < or = 19 years become pregnant. Adolescent pregnancy and childbearing have been associated with adverse health and social consequences for young women and their children. This report presents estimated national numbers of pregnancies and national and state-specific pregnancy rates for adolescents aged < or = 19 years from 1995 to 1997. The findings indicate a decline in national and state-specific adolescent pregnancy rates during 1995-1997, and a continuing downward trend beginning in the early 1990s (1,2,4).
Viagra Advertisement
Authors: Anna B. Reisman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Ad Libitum20 February 2001Viagra AdvertisementAnna B. Reisman, MDAnna B. Reisman, MDWest Haven, CT 06516 (Reisman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-4-200102200-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail How ardently the dapper white-hairedgent dips his lady friend, soft belliespressed together like jellyfish, hisdrowsy stem creaking like an arthriticknee as it straightens for the firsttime in years, emerging triumphantthrough a gray cloud like anoctogenarian completing a marathonon a rainy afternoon, or Rip Van Winklearising from two decades of sleep, hisshriveled body unfurling like a burgeoningrose, flabbergasted and struck withwonder at the miracle of rebirth. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: West Haven, CT 06516 (Reisman)Corresponding Author:Anna B. Reisman, MD, 11-ACSL, Connecticut Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 February 2001Volume 134, Issue 4Page: 314KeywordsComputed axial tomographyHealth careKneesSleepVeteran care ePublished: 20 February 2001 Issue Published: 20 February 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...