tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caring for vagrants.
Authors: I Smith, E Glaser
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Sadly, death after shipwreck is still a danger.People are lost when ships sink, yachtsmen die when their boats capsize, and deep-sea fishing remains among the most hazardous of all occupations, more so than mining.At best it can be said that problems have been defined, knowledge gained, and useful improvements made.Those who have given their time and energy (frequently at the expense of their own research and to the detriment of their careers) without thought of reward or thanks, often at great discomfort, sometimes risking their lives in icy water and in Arctic or Atlantic gales, could hope for no more.
Regulatory T Cell Migration Is Dependent on Glucokinase-Mediated Glycolysis
Authors: Madhav Kishore, Kenneth C.P. Cheung, Hongmei Fu, Fabrizia Bonacina, Guosu Wang, David Coe, Eleanor J. Ward, Alessandra Colamatteo, Maryam Jangani, Andrea Baragetti, Giuseppe Matarese, David M. Smith, Robert Haas, Claudio Mauro, David C. Wraith, Klaus Okkenhaug, Alberico L. Catapano, Veronica De Rosa, Giuseppe D. Norata, Federica M. Marelli-Berg
Journal: Immunity (2018)

(Immunity 47, 875–889, November 21, 2017) The authors have noticed a reversal of labels identifying experimental treatment of samples analyzed by flow cytometry in Figure 3G. The left hand panels should have been labeled as IsC (isotype control) while the right hand panels should have been labeled as CD28. The authors apologize for any inconvenience they have created.Figure 3GCD28-Induced Migration and Metabolic Reprogramming Require PI3K but Not mTORC-1 Activation (original)View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Regulatory T Cell Migration Is Dependent on Glucokinase-Mediated GlycolysisKishore et al.ImmunityNovember 21, 2017In BriefRegulatory T cell localization to inflammatory sites is key to their homeostatic function. Kishore and colleagues demonstrate that Treg cell migration requires the activation of glycolysis by the enzyme glucokinase induced via a Treg cell-selective PI3K-mTORC2 pathway. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Macroscopic cysts of the pancreas in cystic fibrosis demonstrated by multiple radiological modalities
Authors: R. J. Churchill
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>History</h3> A 16-year-old girl was known to have cystic fibrosis for many years, with the diagnosis substantiated by sweat test results. The clinical history was characterized by pulmonary involvement of increasing severity and steatorrhea requiring large doses of oral pancreatic enzymes. Cor pulmonale, peripheral cyanosis, and digital clubbing developed. Laboratory and clinical evidence of hepatic involvement was not present. The upper abdomen was examined with a third-generation computed tomographic (CT) scanner, using a scan time of 5 s. Contiguous, 1 cm thick images were obtained after the ingestion of dilute, water-soluble contrast medium (Fig 1). The ultrasound study was performed with a digital, gray-scale unit. Scans were obtained in longitudinal and transverse planes in supine, upright, and left posterior oblique positions (Fig 2). Rose bengal sodium I 131 radionuclide images were obtained at one and four hours with a gamma camera after the injection of 175 μCi of the isotope
From the Centers for Disease Control. HIV exposure during nuclear medicine procedures
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: Richard P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sculpting organ innervation
Authors: B. L. Hempstead
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Neurotrophic growth factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), have well-established roles in promoting the innervation of target tissues, yet little is known about how the temporal and organ-specific expression of these factors is regulated. A new study reveals that NGF is a direct target of the well-characterized peptide factor endothelin-1 (ET-1), and that ET-1–induced NGF expression is required for sympathetic innervation of the developing heart. These results, and recent studies implicating GDNF and ET-3 in the patterning of the enteric nervous system, suggest that specific pairing of endothelins and neurotrophic factors may be used in distinct target organs to coordinate neuronal migration, differentiation, and survival.
Acrolein Depletes the Neuropeptides CGRP and Substance P in Sensory Nerves in Rat Respiratory Tract
Authors: David R. Springall, John A. G. Edginton, Philip N. Price, Dennis W. Swanston, Carole Noel, Stephen R. Bloom, Julia M. Polak
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The mammalian respiratory tract is densely innervated by autonomic and sensory nerves around air- ways and blood vessels.Subsets of these nerves contain a number of putative neurotransmitter peptides, such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in sensory nerves and vaso- active intestinal polypeptide (VIP), possibly serving autonomic functions.CGRP is also found in endocrine cells in rat airway epithelium.These peptides are all pharmacologically potent effectors of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle and bronchial secretion.Their functions in vivo are less well established.We have therefore examined the effects of inhaled acrolein, a sensory irritant, on three pulmonary neuropeptides: CGRP, substance P, and VIEP.Groups of rats (n = 3 each) were exposed for 10 min to acrolein in air (Ct = 510, 1858, and 5693 mg.min/m3) or to air alone.Fifteen minutes later they were killed (pentabarbitone IP) and their respiratory tracts were dissected and fixed in 0.4 % p-benzoquinone solu- tion.Cryostat sections were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for a general nerve marker (PGP 9.5) and neuropeptides.The acrolein-treated animals had a dose-related decrease in tracheal substance P-and CGRP-immunoreactive nerve fibers compared with controls.No change was seen in total nerve flber distribution and number (PGP 9.5) or VIP immunoreactivity, nor in CGRP-immunoreactive epithelial endocrine cells.It is concluded that the rat tracheal peptidergic nerves are a sensitive indicator of in- haled irritant substances.Their reduced immunoreactivity may be because of a release of sensory neuropeptides that could play a role in the physiological response to irritant or toxic compounds.
LETTER REMINDERS
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4302: AR signaling promotes prostate carcinogenesis
Authors: Siyuan Cheng, Shu Yang, Zachary M. Connelly, Fenghua Chen, Xiuping Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-skin cancer in American men. Each year, about 164,690 new patients will be diagnosed and about 29,430 men will die from this disease in 2018. Studies have identified several factors that increase the risk of PCa, including age, race, family history, and some diet factors. However, the exact cause of PCa remains unclear. Prostate is an androgen dependent organ and the growth of PCa also dependents on androgen and AR signaling. It is well established that AR signaling is the central player in promoting PCa progression. Here, we explore if AR signaling also plays a role in prostate carcinogenesis. We found that activation of AR signaling in normal prostate epithelial cells suppressed their cell proliferation in vitro but induced carcinogenesis in vivo. To explore the mechanisms that contribute to the differential effects of AR in vitro and in vivo, we examined if AR signaling induces genome instability in prostate epithelial cells, resulting in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining results indicated that androgen treatment induced cellular senescence of prostate epithelial cells. Also, we found that the cells that survived the cellular senescence had altered genome ploidy and increased expression of active DNA-PK, suggesting that non-homologous end joining repair pathway is active in these cells. Our data support that AR signaling promotes genome instability in prostate epithelial cells, contributing to carcinogenesis. This may explain the high frequency of cancer developed in hormone-regulated organs such as prostate, mammary gland, and liver. Funding: This study was supported by: FWCC/Foundation Legacy Funds, DOD New Investigator Award, The Office of Research SEED awards, The Department of Biochemistry &amp; Molecular Biology. Citation Format: Siyuan Cheng, Shu Yang, Zachary M. Connelly, Fenghua Chen, Xiuping Yu. AR signaling promotes prostate carcinogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4302.
Should disadvantaged people be paid to take care of their health? Yes.
Authors: R. Cookson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Many countries are turning to cash incentives to encourage people to look after their health. <b>Richard Cookson</b> argues that such schemes can save money in the long run, but <b>Jennie Popay</b> (doi: 10.1136/bmj.a594) believes the problems need a deeper solution
Update: Influenza Activity—Worldwide, 1996
Journal: JAMA (1996)

From October 1995 through August 1996, influenza activity occurred at moderate to severe levels worldwide. Epidemic activity in Europe, Asia, and North America was associated with influenza A(H1N1) and influenza A(H3N2) viruses. Influenza A(H1N1) viruses caused an epidemic in Japan and predominated in Canada, most regions of the United States, and a few countries in Europe. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated in most European countries, China, and some regions of the United States. Influenza B viruses were isolated in association with sporadic cases throughout most of the world. This report summarizes influenza activity worldwide during March-August 1996, indicating that, during these months, influenza activity occurred at peak levels in the Southern Hemisphere.
ON FAeCAL FERMENTATION AS A SOURCE OF DISEASE
Authors: C. H. F. Routh
Journal: BMJ (1856)

&ntiod awd Xicro.cepiAppeCaransc.A sction in the longest axis of the organ sfiowed two distinct appearaces, namely, a part of a dense gristly hardness, and a part which evidently corresponded to the medullary part of the organ, which was chiefly occupied by a yellow deposit.In the medullary portion of the organs, the morbid process appeared to Save advanced the most, and to be in the greatest abundance.Deposition and subsequent softening of exuded matter of a marked and peculiar aspect, resembling very much what is usually called scrofulous, tuber- cular, or yellow cheesy-like matter, occupied the medullary portion of the capsule.The veins from the organ were generally diminished in size, and the cavity corresponding to the central venous sinus was entirely occupied by the yellow exudation, in various conditions as to softening.Small sacs of various sizes were scattered throughout the stroma (cortical) of the organ, and contained the same scrofulous looking material, in various states of consistence.No true oval vesicles natural to the cortical substance of the viscus could be seen by the microscope; and the only structure of an elementary form, which could be observed and referred to the normal histological elements of the suprarenal body, consisted in the caudate and branched nucleated cells seen in the firmer parts of the yellow de- posit, which involved the medullary portion of the organ.The gristly hard part was composed, microscopically, of fibrinous elements, in the form of elongated, fusiform, and spindle-shaped cells, with simple and compound nuclei, to- gether with fine filamentous fibres and granular matter.The yellow matter was made up of fine granular stroma, in which compound granular corpuscles, oil granules, and globules, together with crystals soluble in acetic acid, were most obvious and abundant.Clear and transparent cells, free of nuclei, together with club shaped, caudate, and very irregularly branched cells, with simple and compound nuclei, were also obvious constituents.The mucous mem- brane of the mouth was thin, pale, and bloodless, the labial and buccal-glands shining prominently through.The stomach and substance of the intestinal tube were uniformly great advantage, and most perfectly, for disinfection.
Cholesterol's effect on patient education
Authors: R. M. Brilliant
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> To the "cholesterol saga" presented in the December 19, 1990, issue ofThe Journal, we would like to add a "cost-misdeedness" analysis. The wave of enthusiasm for the beneficial effects of lowering blood cholesterol concentrations by pharmacological intervention in asymptomatic persons who are free of a history of coronary heart disease requires such an analysis. High plasma cholesterol levels are widely recognized as a major risk factor for heart disease and related mortality,<sup>1,2</sup>but no evidence has yet been found that reducing cholesterol levels by drugs and diet can, in primary prevention trials, reduce total mortality.<sup>3</sup> Since total mortality and long life expectancy are still considered nontrivial end points and since cost containment is a major public policy concern, the worrisome results of the three largest randomized primary prevention drug trials<sup>4-8</sup>seem to ask for time for us to reflect before we introduce interventions. A
Diagnosis of Esophagogastric Tumors
Authors: M Moretó
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

It has been suggested that certain histological criteria may serve to indicate a good prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma. These include absence of subepithelial extension of the carcinoma cells, stage no higher than m2, and no neoplastic involvement near the resection margin. As endoscopic mucosal resection is becoming an accepted treatment option in this type of tumor, prognostic parameters of this type are of particular interest. By contrast, when metastases are detected in the celiac lymph nodes, it implies that the tumor is unresectable and that palliative treatment is required. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration has been found to be the most cost-effective option in this setting.Although autofluorescence endoscopy is being tested as a new technique for endoscopic diagnosis, its value is at present unclear. However, such developments may lead to improved diagnosis in the future, particularly in relation to the initial stages of carcinoma. For the moment, EUS is still the most widely accepted method for early diagnosis and staging.Esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma appears to be commonly associated with head and neck cancer, but the cost-effectiveness of surveillance is a matter of controversy. With regard to Barrett’s esophagus and adenocarcinoma, p53 staining in areas of low-grade dysplasia appears to be helpful for predicting progression to high-grade dysplasia. The prevalence of short-segment Barrett’s esophagus increases with age, but the length of the segment does not increase with time; the length probably depends on individual conditions, not merely on elapsed time. Helicobacter pylori infection appears to be associated with intestinal metaplasia at the esophagogastric junction. However, the most recent data appear to suggest that this scenario (usually termed “carditis”) may be different from intestinal metaplasia in the lower esophagus, related to acid reflux. A follow-up program might be able to detect Barrett’s esophagus adenocarcinoma at earlier stages, but only a minority of Barrett’s esophagus patients are likely to be detected before neoplasia has developed.Gastric cancer appears to develop in individuals with H. pylori infection, but not in uninfected persons. In addition, those with severe gastric atrophy, corpus-predominant gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia may be at greater risk for gastric cancer. This again raises the question of H. pylori eradication in asymptomatic individuals with infection, and surveillance of patients with severe intestinal metaplasia.The most recent data appear to support the notion that healing of MALT lymphoma depends not only on H. pylori eradication and on the stage of the tumor, but also on individual factors (possibly immunology-related).
Rater
Authors: B. Rangarajan, K. Prabhash, R. Nair, H. Menon, P. Jain, S. Kannan, N. K. Jeevangi, B. Bagal, P. M. Parikh, P. A. Kurkure
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20678 Background: Management of neutropenic fever is based on risk stratification of the episode which helps in optimizing treatment. MASCC is the most commonly used for risk stratification Patients with a score of &gt; 21 were regarded as low risk; patients with a score of &lt;21 were regarded as high risk. We tried to validate the MASCC index for our ethnic population. Methods: Patients were recruited throughout a 12 month period. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of hematolymphoid malignancy, neutropenic febrile episode secondary to chemotherapy or during induction therapy of acute leukemia and more than 18 years of age All patients were risk stratified, hospitalized and treated with broad-spectrum, empiric, intravenous antibiotic therapy until recovery or outcome of the event. The incidence of medical complications in both groups and death related to the neutropenic infection was recorded. The data was entered on SPSS software and MASCC criteria was analyzed for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: A total of 81 febrile neutropenic episodes were included; 34 classified as low risk and 47 as high risk according to MASCC risk index score. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of MASCC risk index score were 45.5%, 40%, 11%, 82%, 40.7%. We subsequently analyzed the subset of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients as they were the majority comprising of 62/81 episodes. The subset of AML patients risk stratified according to MASCC risk index showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 71%, 25.5%, 11%, 87.5%, 31% respectively. Conclusions: In our patient group, the value of MASCC score is limited with poor sensitivity, specificity and PPV. This trend is also seen in the subset analysis of AML patients. The value of the MASCC index with the score of 21 as the cut-off between low risk and high risk seems limited in our patients and requires confirmation with larger set of patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Immunosuppressive therapy for the prevention of restenosis after coronary artery stent implantation (impress study)
Authors: Francesco Versaci, Achille Gaspardone, Fabrizio Tomai, Paolo Russo, Igino Proietti, Anna S. Ghini, Flavio Ribichini, Anna De Fazio, Luigi Chiariello, Pier A. Gloffrè, Filippo Crea
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)