tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Black student enrollment in US medical schools
Authors: S. M. Lloyd
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Blacks represent about 12% of the nation's population, but only 6% of the total medical school enrollment, 5% of medical school graduates, 5% of postgraduate trainees, 3% of physicians in practice, and 2% of medical school faculties. Addressing this underrepresentation of blacks in medicine not only is a matter of justice, equity, and national conscience but also has implications for the provision of quality physician care to this nation's minority and medically underserved populations. Black physicians are more likely to understand the cultural and social context of illness and disability among blacks and are also more likely to be able to communicate effectively with black patients. Black physicians are also more likely to practice in communities whose residents lack adequate access to medical care. An approach to addressing the problem of underrepresentation is proposed, consisting of activities at the precollege, college, and medical school levels. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:272-274)
Foreword
Authors: J.L. Burton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Foreword Get access J.L. Burton J.L. Burton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue s22, 1 July 1982, Page 1, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00514.x Published: 01 July 1982
Clinical Lectures on Dislocations, Delivered at the Charing - Cross Hospital
Authors: H. Hancock
Journal: BMJ (1844)

ci n may be occasioned by falling upon the an 5 viol!t twists of the limb,.without external violence referred to the part, or byt`ie suddein and violent extension of the limb, as when we put out srarms th'save ourselv,es in falling.The patient .texpmences at tne moment, a aeiation of Snappi8 in tlXilcoiher,'soon saiicceeded by inability to rae the hiaii'd>to the )head,; acute pain is caued by even Saight prwurei bc4e course if the bicipialgroove, or lower down, Oash muscle itself; the latter becomes flabby, and the morement of ibe arm backwards and forwarda producesactite iufueny, mostiy referred to the,uituatioa lthe biceps, wher i't passes over the head of the humerna.one case, relatej by Mr.. Stanley, to whiich Ii heirafter refer you, the effort of bending the; foream unas',attended with pecul sPaAmpodic vibratjoi the biceps.There is also swelling in the' course" # t biceps.The, head of thb humerus is dkt ,wn.d " th...i,,' .., drwa~'nupwacds nwrfor.a-rds,and approximate the, acrouion ,proce , ,moa than naturl, Mr. Stanley, in an intqeseting pape published ip the third olume' of .tlAet4scal Gazette, relates the following instances of this accident.CASB I.A pgentiem slipping', fell with his shoulder against te Iewrbetose, twisting his arm inwards and back-, wardw; 5eder paiO ii, tbhe jeit., and inability to use the bioeps inwcle immediately followeds and in a few hours, eftsn of blood into :te cellulr tisue, eonfined-to' thercerse o4 tbhe biceps.The slightest!movement of the arm backward, was excessively paip- tfl, preaisely Iinm. the situation of the beps tedqn, where it, ,*pssa,over the head of the hueus, .The arm was infeied -.sAestbe ches, to quiet and relax the, muile, sad the pain continued unabated -many weeks.-He was ultimately cured.head of the humetus, between the coracoid;.andacre- mion processe, os lower down the arm, in the eourse of the bicep, prduidezed acitepain, ' but nowhere else, either by peessute on-he joi4t4 or free motion.:The biceps was-sbortened, soft and' flaccid id could quot be made to retract..The patient was trted for-*p- ture of the biceps tendon; gentle -motis was allo*ed in four weeks, and he ultimately recovered.A woman, ad 35, slipped 4Qwn iuh.e 0^rcehlPX4
Chronic Toxicity and Reproduction Studies of Hexachlorobutadiene in Rats
Authors: R. J. Kociba, B. A. Schwetz, D. G. Keyes, G. C. Jersey, J. J. Ballard, D. A. Dittenber, J. F. Quast, C. E. Wade, C. G. Humiston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), while not produced commercially in the United States, may be encountered as an unwanted by-product of certain processes associated with the chlorination of hydrocarbons. Studies were conducted to assess the potential long-term toxicity of HCBD. In a reproduction study conducted in rats, dose levels of 20 or 2.0 mg/kg-day of HCBD induced slight maternal toxicity (primarily of the kidney) but caused no adverse effects on reproductive parameters—percent pregnancy and neonatal survival/development. A decreased neonatal body weight was noted at the highest dose level of 20 mg/kg-day of HCBD. No toxicologic effects were observed among the adults at a dose level of 0.2 mg/kg-day or among the neonates at dose levels of 0.2 or 2.0 mg/kg-day of HCBD. In a chronic toxicity study in rats, ingestion of 20 mg/kg-day for up to 2 years caused multiple toxicologic effects, primarily of the kidney, including the development of renal tubular adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Ingestion of the intermediate dose level of 2 mg/kg-day caused lesser degrees of toxicity, but no evidence of neoplasia. Ingestion of the lowest dose level of 0.2 mg/kg-day of HCBD caused no effects that could be attributed to treatment. These data indicate a dose-response relationship for HCBD-induced toxicity affecting primarily the kidney. HCBD-induced neoplasms occurred only at a dose level higher than that causing discernible renal injury.
242P Effects of nal-IRI (MM-398) ± 5-fluorouracil on quality of life (QoL) of patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) previously treated with gemcitabine based therapy: Results from NAPOLI-1
Authors: R. Hubner, A. Cubillo, J-F. Blanc, D. Melisi, D.D. von Hoff, A. Wang-Gillam, L-T. Chen, C. Becker, K. Mamlouk, B. Belanger, Y. Yang, F. de Jong, J.T. Siveke
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Added value of narrow band imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy in detecting Barrett's esophagus neoplasia
Authors: C. Jayasekera, A. Taylor, P. Desmond, F. Macrae, R. Williams
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Correction to: Added value of narrow band imaging and confocal laser endomicroscopy in detecting Barrett's esophagus neoplasiaEndoscopy 2012; 44(12): 1089-1095DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1325734
Chest Wall Syndrome
Authors: Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Twelve patients with severe, often incapacitating chest pain initially believed to be cardiac in origin were shown on subsequent evaluation to have chest wall syndrome. Diagnosis was suspected by the atypical nature of pain in 11 of 12 patients and confirmed by chest wall tenderness simulating the spontaneously occurring pain in all. Seven patients had chest wall syndrome in conjunction with other associated cardiac conditions. Five patients had isolated chest wall syndrome. All five had normal ejection fractions and no regional wall abnormalities on radionuclide cineangiographic studies performed during symptom-limited supine exercise, findings observed in few patients with coronary artery disease. Chest wall syndrome should be considered in all patients with chest pain, as its recognition can greatly aid in patient care. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2793-2797, 1979)
P08.45 Inhibition of homologous recombination resensitizes temozolomide-resistant glioma cells to temozolomide
Authors: S. Ohba, Y. Hirose
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: TMZ is a DNA-methylating agent. TMZ-induced O6-methylguanine adducts, in the absence of repair by O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), mispair with thymine during the next DNA replication cycle, leading to futile DNA mismatch repair by the mismatch repair system, formation of double strand breaks (DSBs) and eventual cell death of glioma cell lines. Several mechanisms have been proposed about the acquisition of resistance to TMZ in gliomas, such as changes of expression of MGMT, mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination. In this study we revealed a mechanism associated with the resistance to TMZ in glioma cell lines and a way to resensitize the temozolomide-resistant glioma cells to TMZ. Materials and Methods: The effect of TMZ was measured by colony formation assay. The cell cycle distributions were analyzed by FACS. The levels of DSBs were measured by immunofluorescence study using anti-gamma H2AX antibody. Results: Several clones of U251 cells resistant to TMZ were obtained. FACS analyses showed several patterns of cell cycle distributions of the cells treated with TMZ. A clone showed G2 arrest at day3 and this arrest was abrogated sooner compared to the G2 arrest of original U251. TMZ-induced DSBs in the resistant cells were rapidly disappeared compared to those in U251 cells. By suppression of Rad51, which was major factor associated with homologous recombination, the resistant cells were resensitized to TMZ. Conclusions: These results suggested that inhibition of homologous recombination may be a viable means to resensitize some kinds of temozolomide-resistant gliomas to TMZ.
Reply
Authors: Lily Dara, Neil Kaplowitz
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Reply: We appreciate the letter of Schneider and colleagues, which adds to the conversation on the role of necroptosis and receptor interacting protein kinase‐1 (RIPK1) in acetaminophen toxicity. We both agree that necroptosis does not contribute to acetaminophen toxicity. We have shown that RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like knockout mice are not protected from acetaminophen, but we showed that two very different short‐term approaches to inhibit RIPK1 did protect through a mechanism upstream of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase.1 Furthermore, both approaches, RIPK1 kinase inhibitors and highly specific antisense, still protected the RIPK3 knockouts, explaining why so many investigators have seen protection with necrostatin‐1, which is clearly independent of necroptosis. Schneider et al. developed a conditional liver‐specific long‐term knockout using alfp‐Cre, leading to deletion of RIPK1 in utero. They view this approach as the gold standard to understand the contribution of a gene to disease pathogenesis. However, all scientific methods have inherent limitations, and interpretation of experimental data is complicated by unforeseen complexities, especially when comparing different experimental approaches. As noted, two very different approaches were used, one with a lifetime without RIPK1 and one with a very brief period of inhibition or knockdown. One could argue that the approaches we employed to inhibit RIPK1, necrostatin‐1 and methoxy‐ethyl antisense oligonucleotide, may have fortuitously similar off‐target effects. On the other hand, the mouse model employed by Schneider et al. may have its own pitfalls as gene deletion early in life may elicit various unforeseen adaptive responses. An inducible liver‐specific deletion in adult animals would better address this concern. The authors raise the interesting possibility that the really important target of our RIPK1 inhibitory approaches may be RIPK1 in the nonparenchymal compartment. We consider this a less likely explanation as we confirmed that exposure to necrostatin in isolated primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro protected against acetaminophen‐induced necrosis. This indicates a hepatocyte autonomous effect. However, it remains possible that the in vivo antisense oligonucleotide treatment, which concentrates mainly in liver, may knock down RIPK1 in both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, the latter contributing to its protective effect. In summary, we look forward to full details on their work and thank them for sharing their findings. Because very different approaches have been used, it may be premature to conclude that RIPK1 has no role; and we believe our findings support a necroptosis‐independent role for RIPK1. The conversation will continue, which is how progress is made.
Euthanasia
Authors: D. Short
Journal: BMJ (1992)

At the time of Mrs Boyes's death the existence of paradoxical pain was recognised by only a few pain specialists.Consultants such as Dr Cox would certainly not have been expected to be aware of it.The choice presented to Dr Cox was stark: either to walk away from his patient and leave her to it or to do what he did.Mr Justice Ognall told Dr Cox that his choice was "a total betrayal of his unequivocal dutv as a physician."Most doctors faced with this dilemma may consider that Dr Cox did his medical duty despite the risk to himself.Mr Justice Devlin set out the rules for doctors in R v Adams."The doctor is entitled to do all that is proper to relieve pain and suffering, even if the measures he takes incidentally shorten life," but "if the acts are intended to kill, and do in fact kill, it is still murder."In practical terms doctors are allowed to assist death by giving large doses of morphine or heroin.But what if heroin, normally the strongest pain killing drug available, increases pain and there is no rationale for using other drugs?Paradoxical pain induced by heroin was not known in Devlin's time.Does his dictum need to be brought up to date?
Effects of treatment for hypertension on cerebral haemorrhage and infarction
Authors: D G Black, A M Heagerty, R F Bing, H Thurston, J D Swales
Journal: BMJ (1984)

One hundred and sixty nine patients admitted to hospital for stroke over 30 months were examined to see whether treating hypertension had influenced the incidence of cerebral haemorrhage and infarction.Seventy eight (46%) of them had normal blood pressure, 47 (28%) previously diagnosed hypertension for which they were receiving treatment, and 44 (26%) previously undiagnosed and untreated hypertension.Haemorrhagic stroke was commoner among patients with untreated hypertension, whereas infarction was commoner in patients with treated hypertension.Infarction and haemorrhage were equally prevalent in patients with normal blood pressure.Effective treatment in this population seemed to have had a substantially different impact on vascular disease, City Hospital, Nottingham
Hypochromic Anaemia
Authors: Paul R. McCurdy
Journal: JAMA (1970)

With the resurgence of interest in iron metabolism and the recent advances in knowledge of this subject, there is a need for a monograph such as this which is aimed at the general medical reader. This is a good, short book of approximately 100 pages. Most of the recently available information on iron metabolism is provided with particular attention to the diagnosis and management of iron deficiency. Although most of the references are from British and European literature and some excellent recent American references are omitted, the bibliography is a satisfactory guide to available literature both general and specific. Despite this, Dr. Witts' classification of hypochromic anemia follows the old school and is artificial by modern standards. This introduces unnecessary redundancy and confusion. Iron deficiency anemia can be better understood in light of the balance between need and supply. The former is increased in growth, pregnancy and bleeding, and the
Study of Nonionizing Microwave Radiation Effects upon the Central Nervous System and Behavior Reactions
Authors: M. G. Shandala, U. D. Dumanskii, M. I. Rudnev, L. K. Ershova, I. P. Los
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The biologic effects of an electromagnetic field of a frequency of 2375 t 50 MHz was studied in rats and rabbits in specially constructed absorbant chambers.The results of the investigations have shown that microwave radiation of 10, 50, 500 ,uW/cm2 for 30 days, 7 hr/day, causes a number of changes in bioelectric brain activity and also in behavioral im- munological, and cytochemical reactions.It was found that levels of 10 and 50 ,AW/cnt2 stimulate the electric brain activity at the initial stage of irradiation, while a level of 500 ,AW/cm2 causes its suppression, as seen from the increase of slow, high amplitude A-waves.At 500 j.W/cm2 a decrease in capacity for work, in value of unconditioned feeding stimulus, in inves- tigating activity, electronic irradiation threshold, and in inhibition of cellular and humoral immunity were also observed.
AMA Endorses Declaration
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ROUTINISM IN MEDICINE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biochemistry of Animal Virus Replication
Authors: Donald F. Summers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

RECENT reviews which have appeared in this journal1 , 2 have pointed out the remarkable progress in the general areas of biochemical genetics, the biochemistry of proteins and nucleic acids and the understanding of the synthesis and function of these vital biologic macromolecules. The central facts, that ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are transcribed from a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) template, and that these RNA molecules, the So-Called messenger RNA (mRNA), dictate the translation of their information into polypeptide chains, have also been fruitfully applied to the sphere of animal virology. The development of powerful tools for the analysis and separation of these macromolecules . . .
Audit
Authors: Mervyn Davies, J Michael, Elias Elwyn, M James
Journal: Gut (1992)

The profile of liver disease admissions and associated deaths in a District General Hospital was studied to determine whether patients with end-stage liver disease are appropriately referred for consideration of liver transplantation.Admission details were provided by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS).Accuracy of OPC8 data was assessed by casenote analysis.According to OPCS, 77 patients were adaitted on 113 occasions with liver disease between January lst 1987 and December 31st 1989.Casenotes of 74 (96%) were retrieved and examined.Only 64 (86%) had primary liver disease. 24 (31%) died of liver failure.Alcohol was the aetiological agent in two thirds.According to accepted criteria, 11 patients
A prospective study of biliary cytology in 100 patients with bile duct strictures
Authors: T Kurzawinski
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In patients with obstructive jaundice due to biliary tract stricture a tissue diagnosis is essential because of the varied treatment options available. Radiological imaging of a biliary stricture may suggest that it is malignant, but only a tissue diagnosis can be conclusive. The difficulty of obtaining biopsy tissue has encouraged the use of cytology in this field. This study prospectively analyzed the diagnostic value of exfoliative bile and brush cytology methods. One hundred consecutive patients with biliary strictures diagnosed at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (60 men and 40 women; median age = 71 yr, range = 31 to 91 yr) underwent biliary cytology and were divided into two groups. Group 1 comprised the first 47 patients, who were studied by means of bile cytology alone; and group 2 comprised the subsequent 46 patients, who were studied by means of bile and brush cytology techniques. Seven patients were excluded from analysis because of inadequate follow-up information. A single experienced cytologist examined all samples to determine whether they were neoplastic. Eighty-one patients had malignant strictures and 12 had benign strictures. Combined bile and brush cytology (group 2) was more sensitive than bile cytology alone (group 1) (69% [27 of 39] vs. 33% [16 of 42], p < 0.01). In the patients studied by means of bile and brush cytology methods (group 2), cytologic study of brushings was more sensitive (69% vs. 26%, p < 0.01). No false-positive results were reported in either group (specificity = 100%). No procedure-related complications occurred. Sampling time averaged less than 5 min. Biliary cytology is an effective way of obtaining a tissue diagnosis, with brush methods more sensitive than bile cytology. Cell sampling is rapid and safe to perform and should be done routinely in cases of biliary stricture. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1399–1403.)
Boxing: does the size of the prize affect the drain on the brain?
Authors: D. C. Fiore
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Lundberg's fifth, and most recent, Editorial<sup>1</sup>calling for a ban of boxing compels me to reply to 2 major areas of concern: factual and philosophical. I understand and share Dr Lundberg's abhorrence of violence and of needless injury and suffering inflicted on any members of our society. I also believe, however, that as physicians we must be extremely careful not to let our own prejudices and moral stances lead us to unfounded or poorly supported actions. One only needs to recall the abject failure of Prohibition to understand how a "morally right" stance can lead to a "pragmatically wrong" solution. Furthermore, asking physicians to call for the ban of boxing because it is "morally wrong" may be setting a dangerous precedent. What is the next morally wrong activity that we should try to ban? Perhaps abortion, or gay lifestyles, or birth control, or the possession
Activated monocytes induce smooth muscle cell death-role of M-CSF in coronary plaque instability: Molecular mechanisms in vitro Puvi N. Seshiah, Dean Kereiakes, Sanjay S. Shanker, Neuza Lopes, Pascal J. Goldschmidt-Clermont. Emory University, Atlanta, GA, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)