tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infectious mononucleosis and acute leukemia
Authors: F. Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

TO OUR knowledge, 26 cases<sup>1-15</sup>have been reported of the association of infectious mononucleosis and acute leukemia (Table). In seven instances, the former preceded the latter by one to 36 months, in 16 cases the acute leukemia preceded the infectious mononucleosis by one to 45 months, and in three patients both diseases were diagnosed simultaneously. Twenty-one patients were children or teenagers, perhaps accounting for the 20 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Three patients had acute monocytic leukemia. The possible relationship, if any, between the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, infectious mononucleosis, and acute leukemia is far from clear. Although the EB virus has been etiologically linked to Burkitt's lymphoma, its relation to acute lymphoblastic leukemia has not been established. It seems rather far-fetched to state that the coincidence of acute monocytic leukemia and infectious mononucleosis in two elderly patients suggests a causal relationship.<sup>15</sup>Although one report<sup>11</sup>suggests that the EB virus
Henry Pickering Bowditch (1840-1911). Harvard physiologist
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Central Nervous System Cancers
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2008)

The incidence of primary malignant brain tumors is increasing, especially in the elderly, and metastatic disease to the central nervous system (CNS) occurs even more frequently (an incidence about 10 times that of primary brain tumors). In fact, estimates are that 20% to 40% of patients with systemic cancer will develop brain metastases. Primary and metastatic brain tumors are heterogeneous, with varied outcomes and management strategies. This marked heterogeneity means that prognostic features and treatment options must be carefully reviewed for each patient. As these guidelines note, the involvement of an interdisciplinary team is key in the appropriate management of these patients. Important updates to the guidelines include the addition of systemic chemotherapy as a salvage therapy treatment option for local recurrence and limited metastatic lesions and its deletion as an option for multiple metastatic lesions.For the most recent version of the guidelines, please visit NCCN.org
CORRECTION.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

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Abstract 1766: Diet-Induced Obesity Causes Inflammation by Activating Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling and Downregulates AMPK in Heart
Authors: Hwi Jin Ko, Dae Young Jung, Zhexi Ma, Jason K Kim
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Increasing evidence implicates the role of inflammation in diabetes and complications. Macrophages are shown to infiltrate adipose tissue in obesity, and inflammatory cytokines alter glucose metabolism in peripheral organs. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD; 55% fat by calories) or chow diet for 6 weeks, and heart samples were taken for analysis (n = 5~7). Chronic HFD increased whole body fat mass, measured by 1 H-MRS, by 3-fold, and elevated plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels by 40%. Diet-induced obesity caused inflammation in heart and increased macrophage-specific CD68 levels by 5-fold (Fig. 1) (* P &lt; 0.05 vs Chow). Diet-induced cardiac inflammation was associated with significant increases in toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and MyD88 levels in heart (Fig. 2). HFD also increased cardiomyocyte SOCS3 levels by more than 3-fold (Fig. 3). Myocardial glucose metabolism was measured using intravenous injection of 2-[ 14 C]deoxyglucose in awake mice (n = 6). Chronic HFD reduced myocardial glucose uptake by 50%, and this was associated with significant reductions in total GLUT4 and GLUT1 protein levels. Further, Thr 172 phosphorylation of AMPK, a critical regulator of energy balance, was markedly reduced in heart following HFD (Fig. 4). These results demonstrate that diet-induced obesity causes macrophage infiltration and inflammation in heart by increasing TLR4 signaling in cardiomyocytes. Similar to the effects of inflammation on peripheral glucose metabolism, diet-induced cardiac inflammation reduced myocardial glucose metabolism by downregulating AMPK and GLUT protein levels. Thus, our findings underscore an important role of inflammation in diabetic heart.
Medical Advertising
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic factors in Japanese patients with advanced gastric cancer using the data from JCOG9912 study.
Authors: D. Takahari, A. Takashima, J. Mizusawa, Y. Yamada, T. Yoshino, K. Yamazaki, W. Koizumi, Y. Suzuki, N. Boku, A. Ohtsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4059 Background: In advanced gastric cancer (AGC), there is no globally accepted prognostic scoring systems. A prognostic index was proposed by the Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) which consists of four independent prognostic factors: PS, peritoneal metastases, liver metastases, and ALP (J Clin Oncol 2004). However, RMH index was developed by the data of Western pts and 30% of the included pts had esophageal cancer. Therefore we explored baseline prognostic factors in Japanese AGC pts using the data from a phase III trial (JCOG9912, Lancet Oncol 2009). Methods: The pts analyzed were those with complete data available for multivariate analyses using Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Six hundred fifty (92.5%) out of the 703 pts of JCOG9912 were included, who received either 5-FU (n=215), irinotecan plus cisplatin (n=216) or S-1 (n=219). Of the 650 pts, 607 died. The median survival time for all analyzed pts was 11.8 months. Multivariate analysis detected seven independent prognostic factors: sex, PS, number of metastatic sites, prior gastrectomy, bone metastasis, lung metastasis, and CRP. Three of 4 prognostic factors used in the RMH index (peritoneal metastasis, liver metastasis and ALP) were not significant. Conclusions: From the data of Japanese AGC pts, seven independent prognostic factors were identified. PS was the only common factor with RMH prognostic index. We plan to propose another prognostic index using our prognostic factors. Covariates HR 95% CI Two-sided p Bone metastasis Yes (vs. no) 2.09 1.30-3.35 < 0.01 PS* 1, 2 (vs. 0) 1.47 1.24-1.74 < 0.01 Number of metastatic sites ≥ 2 (vs. 0, 1) 1.44 1.08-1.93 0.01 Sex Female (vs. male) 1.29 1.05-1.58 0.02 CRP ≥ULN (vs. <ULN) 1.23 1.03-1.48 0.03 Prior gastrectomy Yes (vs. no) 0.74 0.55-0.99 0.04 Lung metastasis Yes (vs. no) 0.72 0.53-1.00 0.05 ALP* ≥ULN (vs. <ULN) 1.13 0.93-1.38 0.21 Peritoneal metastases* Yes (vs. no) 1.03 0.81-1.31 0.81 Liver metastases* Yes (vs. no) 1.02 0.78-1.33 0.90 * Factors from RMH index.
A modest institution with grand designs
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THE SPONSOR OF the Growing Healthy curriculum, the National Center for Health Education, has itself never really been healthy. At least, the center has never achieved the preeminence or the proportions originally envisioned when it was established. The center came into being in about 1975, the result of a recommendation from former President Richard Nixon's President's Committee on Health Education. At its suggestion, support for the center was to come from both the government and private sources, along the lines of the Institute of Medicine in Washington, DC. The center was to function in part as an umbrella, connecting and coordinating the disparate activities of the various organizations working in health education. But the funding to foster its development never materialized, says M. Roy Schwarz, MD, assistant executive vice president of the American Medical Association and the and the center's current board chair. "I can say we've done things right,"
Early American medical literature
Authors: J. B. Blake
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The first successful English settlement in North America was in Virginia in 1607. There, and in other early settlements in New England and Maryland, the first physicians were men who had trained abroad. With a few exceptions, they were apprentice-trained surgeons, who formed the great bulk of general practitioners in England. By and large, doctors of medicine from Oxford and Cambridge did not emigrate. Apprenticeship continued to be the chief method of training in the colonies, so that it is perhaps not surprising that we find no American medical literature written and published in the British colonies for nearly 100 years. Instead, physicians relied on a few imported books. From inventories at probate, we learn that Dr Henry Willoughby of Virginia in 1676 left 44 medical books (as well as 75 religious ones) and that the library of the Rev Thomas Teackle, who died in 1696 or 1697, included such
HARD WATERS AS A PHYSIOLOGIC SOURCE OF CALCIUM IN THE BODY
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impaired Cognitive Flexibility and Motor Inhibition in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Samuel Chamberlain
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is highly heritable. Attempts to delineate precise genetic contributions have met with limited success. There is an ongoing search for intermediate cognitive brain markers (endophenotypes) that may help clarify genetic contributions. The aim was to assess inhibitory control processes in unaffected first-degree relatives of OCD patients for the first time with objective tests. Method: The Intradimensional/Extradimensional Shift, Stop-Signal, and Cambridge Gamble tasks were administered to 20 unaffected first-degree relatives, 20 OCD patient probands with washing/checking symptoms, and 20 healthy matched comparison subjects without a family history of OCD. Results: Unaffected first-degree relatives and OCD patient probands showed cognitive inflexibility (extradimensional set shifting) and motor impulsivity (stop-signal reaction times). Decision making (Cambridge Gamble task) was intact. Conclusions: Deficits in cognitive flexibility and motor inhibition may represent cognitive endophenotypes for OCD. Such measures will play a key role in understanding genotype/phenotype associations for OCD and related spectrum conditions.
EPILEPSY, RICKETS, AND THE LYMPHATIC CONSTITUTION.
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incorrect Statement
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reduction in Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections Among Patients in Intensive Care Units—Pennsylvania, April 2001–March 2005
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Each year, an estimated 250,000 cases of central line-associated (i.e., central venous catheter-associated) bloodstream infections (BSIs) occur in hospitals in the United States, with an estimated attributable mortality of 12%-25% for each infection. The marginal cost to the health-care system is approximately 25,000 dollars per episode. In 2001, CDC was invited by the Pittsburgh Regional Healthcare Initiative (PRHI) to provide technical assistance for a hospital-based intervention to prevent central line-associated BSIs among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in southwestern Pennsylvania. During a 4-year period, BSI rates among ICU patients declined 68%, from 4.31 to 1.36 per 1,000 central line days. The results suggest that a coordinated, multi-institutional infection-control initiative might be an effective approach to reducing health-care-associated infections.
Attitudes of patients towards cancer clinical trials.
Authors: Olubukola Ayodele, Mateen Akhtar, Mathew Chad Eastwood, Aiste Linkeviciute-Koneko, Niamh M. Keegan, Flordeliza Calacsan, Miriam O'Connor, Paula Calvert, Anne M. Horgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

741 Background: Older patients (pts) with cancer are under-represented in clinical trials (CTs). To better understand the causes for low accrual rates, the pts perspective must be explored. Objectives: To determine the attitudes of Irish pts towards enrolment into cancer CTs and in particular, the differences between the attitudes of older and younger pts. Methods: Pts with a gastrointestinal cancer, receiving treatment or in follow-up in University Hospital Waterford were eligible. Pts completed a self-dministered questionnaire comprising three sections: attitudes towards CT participation, reasons to participate, and reasons to decline participation. Pts were given three CT scenarios and were asked if they would participate: these included a cancer prevention/screening CT; a CT comparing standard to new treatment and a trial of a new drug where no standard exists. Summary statistics were used to describe the respondents. Differences between the groups were investigated using the Fishers exact test. Results: From March 2014, 69 pts were accrued, 31 &lt;65 yrs (32-64) and 38 ≥65 yrs (65–85). Five (16%) younger and 3 (8%) older pts had been or were actively enrolled on a CT (p=0.45). An additional 4 (17%) younger and 5 (13%) older pts were invited to participate in a CT, all of whom declined. No patient in either group had actively enquired about CT availability. For the CT scenarios, 22 (71%) younger vs. 22 (58%) older pts would participate in a prevention/screening CT (p=0.32); 14 (45%) vs. 19 (50%) for standard vs. new drug CT (p=0.81), and 23 (74%) vs. 31 (82%) for a CT where no standard exists (p=0.56). The most common reasons to participate in a CT included the potential to feel better, reported in 100% of younger and older pts, the potential to live longer (100% vs. 92%) and the potential to help others (97% vs 89%). Age was deemed an important consideration in 20 (65%) younger and 25 (66%) older pts. Conclusions: The attitudes of older and younger pts to cancer CTs are similar. Physician barriers and availability of appropriate studies impact accrual of both older and younger cancer pts into trials. No patient in this study actively sought out a CT, suggesting a need for better patient awareness and education. This study is ongoing and updated results will be presented.
Low Birth Weight—A High Risk Factor?
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Corrosive gastritis due to ingestion of formaldehyde: without esophageal impairment
Authors: N. F. Bartone
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Formaldehyde poisoning caused marked, diffuse ulceration, fibrosis, and contracture of almost the entire stomach, resembling linitis plastica. There was no involvement of the esophagus, and the lesion culminated in almost complete, high gastric obstruction, requiring total gastrectomy.
Surgical Memoranda
Journal: BMJ (1877)

in contact with the heart, " in which", says Dr. Balfour, " the pulsa- tion, though expansile from being communicated through fluid, is less forcible than that of the heart.'In this particular case, the pulsation was fully as forcible as the apex-beat; but the apex-pulsation was feeble.Dr. Balfour's proposition is not, therefore, invalidated, provided that the cardiac pulsation is of normal force.In spite of the great similarity to aneurism, the diagnosis of intra- thoracic tumour was arrived at for the following reasons.-.The extensive iiature of the dulness.An aneurism sufficiently large to cause such dulness would have produced more active pressure- symptoms-notably pain.There had been slight pain in this case at the commencement of the illness.2. The great emaciation.There was no obstruction of the (esophagus, no prolonged suffering-conditions which cause emaciation in aneurism.