tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A vaccine against gonorrhoea?
Journal: BMJ (1977)

elicit the bleeding.'5 16 In very immature infants severe birth asphyxia may cause early death from bleeding, and recurrent apnoea or possibly infection may also be associated, perhaps through some common stress such as metabolic acidosis.Wigglesworth'5 16 believes that the condition develops in more mature infants only in the presence of hyaline membrane disease, particularly when they are given intensive alkaline buffer treatment.Prompt attention should be given to immature infants at birth and during episodes of recurrent apnoea.Nevertheless, at the same time a minimum of handling by nursing and medical staff avoiding injudicious treatment with alkali, and prevention of infection might go some way to reducing bleed- ing as an important cause of death.
Effect of selective bowel decontamination with norfloxacin on spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, translocation, and survival in an animal model of cirrhosis
Authors: Bruce A. Runyon, Mauro Borzio, Sharon Young, Susan U. Squier, Carlos Guarner, Michelle A. Runyon
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Selective bowel decontamination with the orally administered quinolone antibiotic, norfloxacin, has been shown to suppress gut gram-negative bacteria and help prevent gram-negative infections in cirrhotic patients who are at high risk of bacterial infection. Because this drug does not eradicate gram-positive organisms, it is conceivable that gram-positives could replace the suppressed gram-negatives in the gut and lead to subsequent infection. Also the effect of norfloxacin on translocation (as defined by culture positivity of mesenteric lymph nodes) has received little attention. In this study, the effect of oral norfloxacin on translocation, bacterial peritonitis, and survival was investigated in an animal model of carbon tetrachloride—induced cirrhosis and ascites. Treated rats received daily doses of orally administered norfloxacin from the onset of cirrhosis until they died or were killed. Controls received no antibiotic. Norfloxacin led to a reduction in bacterial peritonitis from 70% in untreated cirrhotic controls to 28% in treated cirrhotic rats; these data were statistically significant ( P = 0.012). There was no effect on overall translocation rate (28% with norfloxacin vs. 50% without norfloxacin) ( P &gt; 0.1). Gram-positives were isolated in 100% of the bacterial peritonitis episodes and in 71.4% of culture-positive mesenteric lymph nodes in treated animals compared with only 25% of peritonitis episodes and 10% of culture-positive mesenteric lymph nodes of untreated cirrhotic controls ( P &lt; 0.01 for peritonitis and P &lt; 0.05 for translocation). The survival rate was not different between groups ( P &gt; 0.1). Although norfloxacin was associated with a 60% reduction in the overall rate of peritonitis, this drug increased the risk of gram-positive translocation and gram-positive peritonitis, and did not prolong survival in this animal model.
Apoptosis is induced by transforming growth factor-β1 within 5 hours in regressing liver without significant fragmentation of the DNA
Authors: F Oberhammer
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In previous studies we showed that transforming growth factor-β1 induces apoptosis in hepatocyte cultures and regressing livers, the mature form being more potent than the transforming growth factor-β1 latency-associated protein. In this study we addressed the question of whether apoptosis can be induced within a short time after administration of transforming growth factor-β1. Five hours after a single intravenous injection of 25 μg mature transforming growth factor-β1/kg body weight, apoptosis is augmented ninefold in the regressing rat liver. A second preceding application induces no further augmentation. Transforming growth factor-β1 latency-associated protein shows no effect with either regimen. Morphological evaluation shows that 5 hr after injection of transforming growth factor-β1 nearly all apoptotic bodies are already engulfed by their neighbor cells. After homogenization of the transforming growth factor-β1-treated livers, the condensed apoptotic bodies are not destroyed and remain in the nuclear pellet. No DNA fragmentation into oligosomes could be detected after purification of the DNA from the nuclear pellet and application to conventional gel electrophoresis. Application of in situ nick translation, which allows detection of DNA single and double-strand breaks in individual apoptotic bodies, also revealed no substantial fragmentation of the DNA in apoptotic bodies. These studies show that transforming growth factor-β1 is able to induce apoptosis within a rather short time and also suggest that in vivo digestion of the DNA does not lead to chromatin condensation. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1238-1246).
JAMA Reference Directories
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase I pharmacodynamic trial of sequential sunitinib (SU) with bevacizumab (bev) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and other advanced solid malignancies.
Authors: M. R. Harrison, R. Jeraj, H. J. Hammers, M. N. Stein, A. Andrei, S. Perlman, J. Kolesar, R. M. Marnocha, D. B. Alberti, G. Wilding, G. Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e13503 Background: VEGF signaling pathway (VSP) inhibition has been clinically validated for the treatment of multiple solid tumors. SU is an oral TKI of primarily VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-Kit, while bev is an IV mAb that binds VEGF. The PET radiotracer [18F]-FLT can be used to measure cellular proliferation. Temporary discontinuation of SU results in a proliferative tumor flare as measured by FLT PET/CT. This flare may be the result of a compensatory increase in the VEGF ligand. Prior studies of SU + bev demonstrated unacceptable toxicity with concurrent administration, especially in mRCC pts. We propose to block the flare with a VEGF ligand binding agent (bev) using a novel sequential strategy, with the goal of attaining a higher clinical response and/or prolonged clinical benefit. We hypothesize that this strategy will minimize overlapping toxicity while achieving flare suppression. Methods: This multicenter phase I study will enroll a maximum of 39 evaluable pts with mRCC or any other advanced solid tumor to evaluate the novel combination of SU with sequential bev dosing. No prior VSP inhibitors will be allowed. Two successive dose-escalation cohorts will be followed by a recommended phase II dose (RP2D) cohort. Each dose-escalation cohort will enroll 6 evaluable pts with mRCC only. SU will be given daily for 4 consecutive wks (d1-28) followed by a 2 wk drug holiday (approved 4/2 schedule). SU will be dose-escalated from 37.5 mg to 50 mg daily if <2/6 pts experience a DLT after 3 cycles of treatment. Bev will be given at a fixed dose of 5 mg/kg IV q6 wks on day 29 only. At each dose level a total of 6 additional evaluable pts (mRCC or other solid tumor) will be enrolled for FLT PET/CT imaging. Once a safe and pharmacodynamically appropriate dose is identified, 15 more evaluable pts with mRCC only will be enrolled in the RP2D cohort for further safety evaluation. Coprimary endpoints are the evaluation of safety/tolerability and assessment of objective response rate in pts with mRCC. Secondary endpoints include characterization of SUV values, tumor perfusion, and ratio of free:bound plasma VEGF at timepoints throughout the SU cycle.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have remained problems even with availability of antibiotics, and these problems have escalated in the last decade with the emergence of drug resistance. Clinicians still feel uncomfortable with the diagnoses of urethritis, genital ulcers, and other STDs and have become confused with ever-changing dosing schedules. To assist practicing physicians in the many medical disciplines confronting STDs (dermatology, family practice, obstetrics/gynecology, urology, and internal medicine, among others), Dr Felman offers this volume. After an introductory chapter (which cogently states the enormity of the STD problem and documents changes in sexual behavior aggravating it), each of the common STDs is discussed competently and concisely, but sometimes superficially. For example, although nongonococcal urethritis is presented in a practical, helpful way, the subject of gonorrhea receives short shrift and is disposed of with barely ten pages. Infectious disease textbook editors always have to choose between
THE ASSAY OF GALACTOKINASE AND GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL TRANSFERASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Arthur Robinson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

In the article by Dr. Robinson, page 360, paragraph 5 under Methods: Leloir's ethanol-acetate solvent (1 M sodium acetate pH 7.5) should read: Leloir's ethanol-acetate solvent (1 M sodium acetate pH 3.8)
Neuropsychological Assessment for Detecting Adverse Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds on the Central Nervous System
Authors: Karen I. Bolla
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Because there are no direct biological markers for the substances implicated in indoor air exposure, it is impossible to directly measure if an individual or group of individuals has been exposed to a potentially neurotoxic substance in the workplace. Behavioral changes may be the earliest and only manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) effects and are often too subtle to be revealed by routine physical or neurological examination. Neuropsychological techniques are sensitive to subtle behavioral/cognitive changes that can result from exposure to neurotoxins. These techniques consist of oral and written tests that are administered by a trained examiner on a one-to-one basis. In general, a wide variety of cognitive domains are evaluated. The typical battery generally includes assessing orientation, attention, intelligence, language, visual memory, verbal memory, perception, visuoconstruction, simple motor speed, psychomotor speed, and mood. As with most assessment techniques, the neuropsychological methods have limitations. One major drawback is the availability of appropriate norms that are used to compare the results of a specific individual. Because these tasks are greatly affected by age, intelligence, and in some instances sex, the availability of appropriate norms is mandatory to determine if the CNS has been effected. Although neuropsychological tests are sensitive to the presence of CNS involvement, they are not specific. Patterns of performance seen with specific instances of neurotoxic exposure may also be seen with a number of other diseases of the CNS such as dementia, cerebrovascular disease, hydrocephalus, or normal aging. In addition, neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and/or depression are often manifested as cognitive difficulties that will mimic the cognitive dysfunction seen with toxicity of the CNS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: S. Stapleton, J. Flanary, F. Hamblin, S. Steinbrueck, L. Rodriguez, G. Tuite, C. Carey, B. Storrs, R. Lavey, J. Fangusaro, R. Jakacki, S. Kaste, S. Goldman, I. Pollack, J. Boyett, L. Kun, S. Gururangan, R. Jakacki, E. Dombi, S. Steinberg, S. Goldman, M. Kieran, N. Ullrich, B. Widemann, S. Goldman, J. Fangusaro, R. Lulla, N. Reinholdt, M. Newmark, M. Urban, S. Chi, P. Manley, N. Robison, H.-A. Kroon, M. Kieran, T. Stancokova, K. Husakova, L. Deak, J. Fangusaro, S. Gururangan, A. Onar-Thomas, R. Packer, S. Goldman, S. Kaste, H. Friedman, T. Y. Poussaint, L. Kun, J. Boyett, F. Gudrun, S. Tippelt, M. Zimmermann, S. Rutkowski, M. Warmuth-Metz, T. Pietsch, A. Faldum, U. Bode, I. Slavc, A. Peyrl, M. Chocholous, M. Kieran, A. Azizi, T. Czech, K. Dieckmann, C. Haberler, M. Macy, M. Kieran, S. Chi, K. Cohen, T. MacDonald, A. Smith, M. Etzl, A. Naranderan, L. Gore, J. DiRenzo, T. Trippett, N. Foreman, I. Dunkel, M. J. Fisher, J. Meyer, T. Roberts, J. B. Belasco, P. C. Phillips, R. Lustig, A. M. Cahill, A. Laureano, H. Huls, S. Somanchi, C. Denman, I. Liadi, S. Khatua, N. Varadarajan, R. Champlin, D. Lee, L. Cooper, L. Silla, V. Gopalakrishnan, G. Legault, M. Hagiwara, M. Ballas, K. Brown, E. Vega, A. Nusbaum, M. Bloom, T. Hochman, J. Goldberg, J. Golfinos, J. T. Roland, J. Allen, M. Karajannis, M. Karajannis, A. Bergner, M. Giovannini, D. B. Welling, J. Niparko, W. Slattery, J. T. Roland, J. Golfinos, J. Allen, J. Blakeley, C. Owens, L. Sung, S. Lowis, S. Rutkowski, J.-C. Gentet, E. Bouffet, J. Henry, A. Bala, S. Freeman, A. King, S. Rutherford, S. Mills, S. Huson, C. McBain, S. Lloyd, G. Evans, M. McCabe, Y. Lee, U. Bartels, U. Tabori, L. Jansen, D. Mabbott, E. Bouffet, A. Huang, D. Aguilera, C. Mazewski, J. Fangusaro, T. MacDonald, R. McNall, L. Hayes, Y. Liu, R. Castellino, D. Cole, C. Lester-McCully, B. Widemann, K. Warren, N. Robison, F. Campigotto, S. Chi, P. Manley, C. Turner, M. A. Zimmerman, C. Chordas, J. Allen, S. Goldman, J. Rubin, M. Isakoff, W. Pan, Z. Khatib, M. Comito, A. Bendel, J. Pietrantonio, L. Kondrat, S. Hubbs, D. Neuberg, M. Kieran, C. Wetmore, A. Broniscer, K. Wright, G. Armstrong, J. Baker, A. Pai-Panandiker, L. Kun, Z. Patay, A. Onar-Thomas, A. Ramachandran, D. Turner, A. Gajjar, C. Stewart
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2012)
Smoking, alcohol, and neuromuscular and physical function of older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group
Authors: H. D. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the associations of current and lifetime smoking and alcohol use with physical function in an older population. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Four clinic centers in the United States. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 9704 community-dwelling, ambulatory white women 65 years or older recruited from four areas of the United States. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Twelve performance tests of muscle strength, agility and coordination, gait and balance, and self-reported functional status. <h3>Results.</h3> —Compared with women who never smoked, current smokers had significantly poorer function on all of the performance measures except grip strength after adjusting for age, history of stroke, body mass index, clinic site, physical activity, and alcohol use (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). This decrease in function was 50% to 100% as great as that associated with a 5-year increase in age, and most measures worsened with increasing numbers of pack-years. Compared with current moderate drinkers, nondrinkers had significantly poorer function on all of the performance measures except tandem walk (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Evaluation of a dose effect with alcohol was limited by the small number of heavy drinkers in the study. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In this population, women who currently smoke are weaker and have poorer balance and poorer performance on measures of integrated physical function than nonsmokers. Smoking is associated with a decline in physical function. Current moderate drinkers have better physical function compared with nondrinkers, but associations of function with heavy drinkers could not be assessed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1825-1831)
Paintings and personalities
Authors: M. C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Four painters, Edward Hopper, Reginald Marsh, Raphael Soyer, and Ben Shahn, had much in common but their works and personalities were very different. All were born between 1882 and 1899 outside New York and spent most of their lives in that city. All had some formal art training but soon developed independent characteristic styles, representational rather than abstract. None belonged to any definite school. All were successful in terms of financial rewards, inclusion in exhibits, and prizes. And now, each has been the subject of a handsome volume that reproduces much of his work. Lloyd Goodrich, former director of the Whitney Museum, who knew them all, wrote the text of three of these books, while Shahn's widow, herself an artist, wrote about him. Hopper (1882-1967) often painted man-made structures—New England houses, city apartments, lighthouses, trains, boats, and bridges. In his few landscapes, the center of interest is often a road,
Re: Malte Rieken, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Luis A. Kluth, et al. Association of Cigarette Smoking and Smoking Cessation with Biochemical Recurrence of Prostate Cancer in Patients Treated with Radical Prostatectomy. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2015.05.038
Authors: Michael Froehner, Rainer Koch, Manfred P. Wirth
Journal: European Urology (2015)
This Week in <emph>JAMA</emph>
Journal: JAMA (2011)

A Piece of My Mind"As a bioethicist . . .I was in some ways better prepared than many other health care proxies.I was also a bewildered daughter, more like than unlike any other."From "Life Imitates Work." SEE PAGE 542 Medical News & PerspectivesElectrochemotherapy, which uses electric pulses, may help some cancer drugs penetrate cells and increase potency.
Polymyositis: Report of Two Cases with Pulmonary Function Studies Suggestive of Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LETTER FROM PARIS.
Authors: None A. B.
Journal: JAMA (1888)

<h3>(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)</h3> Nature and Origin of Tetanus—Compression and Costal Resection in Empyema—Unglazed Tissue Paper for Dressings—Disinfection of Instruments—Muscular Atrophy of the Limbs. In my last letter I sent you a short extract of a note by Drs. Berger and Richelot on the contagiousness of tetanus. From a communication to the Academy of Medicine on the nature and origin of tetanus, it will be seen that M, Alphonse Guérin does not believe in the equine origin of the disease. He admits that tetanus is inoculable, but what the agents are that are inoculated has not yet been demonstrated, He says that one may inoculate fragments of flesh taken at the neighborhood of the wound which was the seat of tetanus, pieces of spinal marrow of the bulb, of cerebral matter, are equally inoculable, The blood alone is not. These experiments prove that there is a virus, but no one
Current Comment
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Endocrine Society 68th Annual Meeting—Anaheim, California, June 25–27, 1986
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1986)

Journal Article The Endocrine Society 68th Annual Meeting—Anaheim, California, June 25–27, 1986 Get access Endocrine Reviews, Volume 7, Issue 2, 1 May 1986, Page 221, https://doi.org/10.1210/edrv-7-2-221 Published: 01 May 1986
Radiation Therapy
Authors: M. Vera Peters
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This's in 1832 until quite recently was associated with a fatal prognosis. For several decades there have been occasional reports of cures and long-term survivors of isolated cases of Hodgkin's disease treated by surgery or radiotherapy, but because of the rarity of the disease a true perspective of its various patterns of progress was difficult to obtain. With the advent of "centralization" of cancer treatment, it became possible to concentrate a sufficient number of case histories to allow analyses. Consequently it is now possible to identify patients with Hodgkin's disease who have a more favorable prognosis. The first representative analysis reported by this author<sup>7</sup>in 1950 suggested a purely clinical classification which has since been modified in various ways and by other analysts. The sample staging employed for the most recent analysis<sup>8</sup>from this Institute is as follows: Stage I. Involvement of a single site or lymphatic region.