tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase I Trial of Adoptive Immunotherapy With Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Immunized Against a Tyrosinase Epitope
Authors: Malcolm S. Mitchell, Denise Darrah, David Yeung, Samuel Halpern, Anne Wallace, Joseph Voland, Vicky Jones, June Kan-Mitchell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To study distribution and toxicity of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against a single melanoma epitope. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CD8 + T cells obtained by leukapheresis from 10 patients with disseminated HLA-A2.1 + , tyrosinase-positive melanomas were immunized in vitro against tyrosinase 369-377 (YMNGTMSQV). Drosophila cells transduced with HLA-A2.1, CD80, and CD54 (intracellular adhesion molecule-1) were used for priming, followed by two rounds of immunization with mononuclear cells as antigen-presenting cells. 1 × 10 8 CTL were infused intravenously (IV) on day 1. CTL frequency was measured by limiting dilutions in five patients. 111 In labeling and scintigraphy measured distribution of CTL in next five. Five days later, 1 × 10 8 CTLs were infused on 4 successive days to both groups. Immunohistology of response was judged by biopsies. RESULTS: Infusions were nontoxic. CTLs were undetectable in the blood, going to lungs within 5 minutes. At 4, 24, and 72 hours, they were found in liver and spleen. Lesions were visualized by scintiscans in one responding patient where two subcutaneous nodules were noted at 4 and 24 hours. A second patient had a partial response and remains alive with disease 2 years later. CD8 + T cells were found in lesions of responders, associated with the presence of HLA-A2 molecules and tyrosinase. Two nonresponders without tyrosinase and HLA-A2 molecules had a paucity of CD8 + T cells in their lesions. Whether the CD8 + T cells in lesions of responders were those we had reinfused is uncertain. CONCLUSION: CTLs immunized against a single melanoma epitope were nontoxic but did not specifically localize to tumor sites. Nevertheless, two patients had disease regression. Additional therapeutic studies with specifically immunized CTL seem justified.
New reports make recommendations, ask for resources to stem TB epidemic
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DISSOLUTE, DISSIPATED, and vicious consumptives... [who] are likely to be most dangerous to the community," according to old records of the New York (NY) City Department of Health, were confined to Riverside, a special hospital on a harbor island, in the early years of this century. Although it was set up with good intentions, "the facility was chaotic," says a present-day historian, and few of the proposed treatment plans could be accomplished. The terms used today to describe most of the estimated 6000 to 7000 persons in New York City with active tuberculosis (TB)—"usually poor and minority members, often homeless, sometimes mentally ill, frequently substance abusers"— are less contemptuous, but issues of how to care for them have become more complex. Some of the problems, as well as the solutions, are old: William Osler, MD, said decades ago that the way to get rid of TB was to "eliminate poverty,
Editorial: Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

So far, apart from the generosity of Euratom and certain private charities in Continental Europe the American National Cancer Institute has been the main sponsor of the E.O.R.T.C.The organizers of the E.O.R.T.C. have the satisfaction of realizing that their performance and proposals have passed the hard scrutiny of that institute but in the long run must find a way to attract sufficient funds from European sources.The various cancer leagues and cancer charities have an under- standably nationalistic outlook, for they fear that if they diverted even a fraction of their income to international co-operative ventures outside their control it might have an adverse effect on their fund raising.Living from year to year, the E.O.R.T.C. has carried on its work, serving as a focal point for the exchange of ideas and encouraging collaborative effort in cancer research.The British members find it an excellent way of maintaining regular contact with the pick of Europe's clinical oncologists, and their growing participation in the organization's scheme is a measure of their belief in its objectives and methods.It is a body that deserves support. Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis
In This Issue
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)

Can Atherosclerosis be Reversed?Rapamycin-loaded nanoparticles curb vascular inflammation without toxicity, report Boada et al.In addition to excessive lipids in the blood, inflammation is a key driver of atherosclerosis.Indeed, plaques grow as a result of fatty deposits and the accumulation and proliferation of monocytes and macrophages in the vessel walls.In mice, such proliferation can be inhibited by the systemic administration of the immunosuppressive compound rapamycin.However, because such treatment can cause toxic side effects, researchers are investigating tissue-localized delivery methods.One such approach suggested by Boada and colleagues is to use rapamycin-loaded leukosomesnanoparticles encapsulated in a lipid coating containing leukocyte membrane proteins.The coating enables the particles to mimic leukocyte homing such that they accumulate at atherosclerotic plaques.And now the team has shown that with a rapamycin payload, the particles reduce plaque macrophage proliferation better than systemic administration of the drug.Following 7 days of oncedaily rapamycin-leukosome administration, plaque burden in atherosclerosis model mice was significantly lower than in control animals.Importantly, no toxicity was detected.These proof-of-principle results now set the stage for further testing in larger, clinically relevant animals, say the authors.
Do we need a revised public health policy on sun exposure?
Authors: P.E. Hutchinson, J.E. Osborne
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

E‐mail: dermat@doctors.org.uk Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, We read Professor Diffey's article1 with interest. However, we were surprised at his apparent scepticism of the reported protective effect of sun exposure on systemic cancer and the implication that sunlight exposure in the U.K. results in adequate vitamin D3 status. We believe that such views may lead to complacency about vitamin D3 status in the U.K. Professor Diffey does not directly challenge the validity of studies showing a protective effect of sun exposure but presents opposing evidence with a geographical comparison of occurrence/mortality of carcinoma of the breast, prostate and colon. While Australia is at a lower latitude and exposed to higher solar ultraviolet (UV) B irradiation than the U.K., there is no apparent protective effect on these cancers. However, we have performed a literature search revealing 20 formal epidemiological studies of geographical associations (latitude, region, air pollution, season, measured annual solar energy and sun exposure questionnaire) with occurrence/mortality of one or more of these cancers.2–21 In 18 papers there was a favourable association, statistically significant in 15, and no association in two.
Der Einfluss tiefer Atmung auf den Herzrhythmus (Sinusrhythmus) und seine klinische Verwendung.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proteinuria during long-term captopril therapy
Authors: D. B. Case
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Proteinuria developed in six of 81 hypertensive patients given captopril for at least four months (protein excretion, &gt;200 mg/24 hr). Two had previously elevated protein excretion. In all patients the increased protein excretion occurred by the fourth month of treatment. It subsided in four after two to nine months, despite continued therapy. In two of the four, proteinuria cleared completely within seven months after onset, while in the other two it subsided to the range of 600 mg/24 hr. However, in the remaining two patients proteinuria persisted during captopril therapy and was associated with hypoalbuminemia and hypercholesterolemia. Renal biopsy specimens showed mild membranous nephropathy in two patients, one of whom had a remittance of proteinuria during continued captopril treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>244:346-349, 1980)
Abstract 15436: Remote Ischemic Conditioning Modulates Myocardial Perfusion and Coronary Vascular Resistance in Ischemic and Non-ischemic Myocardial Territories in Humans
Authors: Kasper Pryds, Roni Ranghøj Nielsen, Michael Rahbek Schmidt, Camilla Molich Hoff, Lars Tolbod Poulsen, Kirsten Bouchelouche, Jørgen Frøkiær, Hans Erik Bøtker
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Purpose: Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) confers protection against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through cellular protective pathways but may also involve modulation of the myocardial perfusion (MP). We investigated whether RIC modulates MP and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial territories in humans. Methods: In a prospective, single blinded study, we studied 49 patients with suspected stable coronary artery disease. MP was quantified by 82 Rb-PET before and after RIC, and CVR was calculated as mean arterial pressure divided by MP. RIC was conducted as 4 cycles of 5 min upper arm ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion. A subsequent adenosine 82 Rb-PET stress scanning identified non-ischemic, reversibly and irreversibly ischemic myocardial segments by summed difference scores, and quantified coronary flow reserve (CFR). Results: Stress 82 Rb-PET data were available for 47 patients and identified 682 non-ischemic, 38 reversibly ischemic, and 37 irreversibly ischemic myocardial segments. Mean CFR was decreased in reversibly ischemic myocardial segments. Global MP and CVR were not affected by RIC (p=0.64 and p=0.53). RIC decreased MP and increased CVR in reversibly ischemic myocardial segments but not in non-ischemic or irreversibly ischemic myocardial segments (Table). Overall, CFR correlated with a change in MP and CVR by RIC (r 2 =0.08, p&lt;0.001 and r 2 =0.10, p&lt;0.001), and allowed identification of a cut-off of CFR&lt;2.3 for a decrease in MP by RIC. Conclusion: RIC modulated MP and CVR dependent on the ischemic status of the myocardium and the vasodilatative capacity of the microcirculation. These findings support the assumption that gentle perfusion may be involved in the cardioprotective mechanisms underlying RIC.
Frequency of hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia. Requested vs routine
Authors: R. Whang
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of identifying serum magnesium abnormalities by comparing physician-initiated requests for this analyte with routine magnesium determinations. Because magnesium abnormalities frequently accompany other electrolyte abnormalities, we measured magnesium in 1033 serum specimens submitted for electrolyte analyses. Physicianinitiated requests for magnesium measurements were received for 81 (7.4%) of these specimens. Serum magnesium abnormalities were identified in 546 of the 1033 specimens (hypomagnesemia [&lt;0.74 mmol/L], 487; hypermagnesemia [&gt;0.99 mmol/L], 59). Only 10% of the hypomagnesemic patients (48/487) and 13% of the hypermagnesemic patients (7/59) were identified by physicianinitiated requests for this analyte. Fifty-three patients were both hypomagnesemic/hypokalemic and 30 patients were both hypomagnesemic/hyponatremic, but only 8 (15%) and 3 (10%), respectively, had physician-initiated requests for magnesium. Because magnesium abnormalities in significant numbers of patients are not being detected, we recommend routine measurement of this analyte when analyses of electrolytes are required for the care of patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:3063-3064)
Leading cases
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanisms of Asbestos-Induced Squamous Metaplasia in Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells
Authors: Gregory Cameron, Craig D. Woodworth, Susan Edmondson, Brooke T. Mossman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Within 1 to 4 weeks after exposure to asbestos, differentiated rodent and human tracheobronchial epithelial cells in organ culture undergo squamous metaplasia, a putative preneoplastic lesion characterized by conversion of mucociliary cell types to keratinizing cells. The exogenous addition of retinal acetate (RA) to culture medium of hamster tracheal organ cultures reverses preestablished, asbestos-induced squamous metaplasia, although data suggest that the effectiveness of RA decreases as the length of time between exposure to asbestos and initial application of RA increases. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), inhibits squamous metaplasia caused by asbestos or vitamin A deficiency, whereas addition of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), a structural analog of spermidine and inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, causes an enhancement of metaplasia under both circumstances. Basal cell hyperplasia and increased incorporation of 3H-thymidine by tracheal epithelial cells also are seen after addition of the polyamines, putrescine or spermidine, to tracheal organ cultures, an observation supporting the importance of polyamines in the development of this lesion. The use of retinoids and inhibitors of ODC could be promising as preventive and/or therapeutic approaches for individuals at high risk for development of asbestos-associated diseases.
Statements on Electronic Publication and on Peer-Reviewed Journals
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Editorials15 June 1992Statements on Electronic Publication and on Peer-Reviewed JournalsInternational Committee of Medical Journal EditorsInternational Committee of Medical Journal EditorsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-12-1030 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptElectronic PublicationThe information disseminated through an electronic journal should be considered published material. Thus the statement on prior and duplicate publication that begins, "Most journals do not wish to consider for publication a paper on work that has already been reported in a published paper or is described in as paper submitted or accepted for publication elsewhere" (1) should be taken to apply to electronic as well as print media.Definition of a Peer-Reviewed JournalA peer-reviewed journal is one that has submitted most of its published articles for review by experts who are not part of the editorial...Reference1. . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:424-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *Members of the committee are Marcia Angell (The New England Journal of Medicine), Linda Hawes Clever (Western Journal of Medicine), Lois Ann Colaianni (Index Medicus), Robert Fletcher and Suzanne Fletcher (Annals of Internal Medicine), Jill Forrest (The Medical Journal of Australia), Robin Fox (The Lancet), Richard Glass (Journal of the American Medical Association), Jerome P. Kassirer (The New England Journal of Medicine), George Lundberg (Journal of the American Medical Association), Magne Nylenna (Tidsskrift for den Norske Laegeforening), Richard Robinson (New Zealand Medical Journal), Richard Smith (British Medical Journal), Bruce Squires (Canadian Medical Association Journal), Laurel Thomas (The Medical Journal of Australia), and Patricia Woolf. Please address comments to Kathleen Case, Secretariat (Annals of Internal Medicine). PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIngelfinger, Embargoes, and Other Controls on the Dissemination of Science News 15 June 1992Volume 116, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1030-1030 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 June 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Transcriptomic Biomarkers for Individual Risk Assessment in New-Onset Heart Failure
Authors: Bettina Heidecker, Edward K. Kasper, Ilan S. Wittstein, Hunter C. Champion, Elayne Breton, Stuart D. Russell, Michelle M. Kittleson, Kenneth L. Baughman, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Prediction of prognosis remains a major unmet need in new-onset heart failure (HF). Although several clinical tests are in use, none accurately distinguish between patients with poor versus excellent survival. We hypothesized that a transcriptomic signature, generated from a single endomyocardial biopsy, could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker in HF.Endomyocardial biopsy samples and clinical data were collected from all patients presenting with new-onset HF from 1997 to 2006. Among a total of 350 endomyocardial biopsy samples, 180 were identified as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Patients with phenotypic extremes in survival were selected: good prognosis (event-free survival for at least 5 years; n=25) and poor prognosis (events [death, requirement for left ventricular assist device, or cardiac transplant] within the first 2 years of presentation with HF symptoms; n=18). We used human U133 Plus 2.0 microarrays (Affymetrix) and analyzed the data with significance analysis of microarrays and prediction analysis of microarrays. We identified 46 overexpressed genes in patients with good versus poor prognosis, of which 45 genes were selected by prediction analysis of microarrays for prediction of prognosis in a train set (n=29) with subsequent validation in test sets (n=14 each). The biomarker performed with 74% sensitivity (95% CI 69% to 79%) and 90% specificity (95% CI 87% to 93%) after 50 random partitions.These findings suggest the potential of transcriptomic biomarkers to predict prognosis in patients with new-onset HF from a single endomyocardial biopsy sample. In addition, our findings offer potential novel therapeutic targets for HF and cardiomyopathy.
Reply:
Authors: Akihiro Matsumoto, Eiji Tanaka
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

First, we have to point out a mistake that Dai et al. made in their letter: the rapid virological response (RVR) and sustained virological response (SVR) rates are described inversely with respect to our data and maybe with respect to their data. Dai et al. reported that the SVR rate of 64% in their study is apparently higher than the rate of 45% in our study. We think that this difference can be attributed to the difference in the mean ages of the patients enrolled in the two studies. The mean age in their study seems to have been around 50 years1 and was over 10 years lower than that in our study (62 years old). Younger patients tended to show higher SVR rates in our study as well, and the SVR rate in patients who were younger than 55 years old was 61%, which is comparable to the rate reported by Dai et al. It is possible that a higher administration dose of ribavirin during the first 4 weeks is associated with a higher RVR rate. However, we cannot comment on this because our study was not designed for that purpose. We adopted the definition of high viral load generally used in Japan (105 IU/mL). Since Dai et al. suggested that a difference in the definition of high viral load influenced the results, we recalculated factors associated with SVR in 103 patients whose viral load was higher than 4 × 105 IU/mL and also in 89 patients whose viral load was higher than 8 × 105 IU/mL. The same four prediction factors as those provided by the original analysis of 120 patients whose viral load was higher than 105 IU/mL were again selected. Our algorithm cannot be directly applied to other populations directly because clinical backgrounds differ among countries. However, we think that our study is applicable on a global scale because it has clearly shown that a combination of viral and host factors is effective for predicting the response to peg-interferon alpha and ribavirin combination therapy. Akihiro Matsumoto M.D., Ph.D.*, Eiji Tanaka M.D., Ph.D.*, * Department of Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine Matsumoto, Japan.
Improving the geographic distribution of physicians. The role of information and its dissemination
Authors: D. L. Ramsay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

FOR THE past several years there has been an increased interest in the geographic distribution of the nation's physicians.<sup>1-3</sup>Although substantial strides have been made in increasing the number of physicians trained, with some investigators predicting an excess of physicians during the next few decades,<sup>4,5</sup>the problem of an uneven geographic distribution of physicians remains largely unsolved. Efforts to alleviate the maldistribution of physicians have included incentive programs for both students and practicing physicians, changes in educational curricula, and placement programs.<sup>6,7</sup> <h3>Background and Methods</h3> An important method for improving the geographic distribution of physicians is the dissemination of pertinent information. The American Academy of Dermatology has played an active role in manpower planning, and, in 1973, the Academy published and distributed a list of communities in need of dermatologists.<sup>8</sup>This compilation, although helpful, was based on subjective impressions of need reported by dermatologists throughout the nation. In
Niraparib Slows Ovarian Cancer Progression
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Results from a phase III trial indicate that maintenance therapy with the PARP inhibitor niraparib is more effective than placebo in slowing the progression of recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Improved progression-free survival was seen regardless of the presence or absence of germline BRCA mutations, or of homologous recombination deficiency; however, patients who had these mutations or defective DNA repair did better.