tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Phthalic Acid Esters on the Liver and Thyroid
Authors: Richard H. Hinton, Fiona E. Mitchell, Alan Mann, Dawn Chescoe, Shirley C. Price, Alistair Nunn, Paul Grasso, James W. Bridges
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The effects, over periods from 3 days to 9 months of administration, of diets containing di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate are very similar to those observed in rats administered diets containing hypolipidemic drugs such as clofibrate. Changes occur in a characteristic order commencing with alterations in the distribution of lipid within the liver, quickly followed by proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes and induction of the specialized P-450 isoenzyme(s) catalyzing omega oxidation of fatty acids. There follows a phase of mild liver damage indicated by induction of glucose-6-phosphatase activity and a loss of glycogen, eventually leading to the formation of enlarged lysosomes through autophagy and the accumulation of lipofuscin. Associated changes are found in the kidney and thyroid. The renal changes are limited to the proximal convoluted tubules and are generally similar to changes found in the liver. The effects on the thyroid are more marked. Although the levels of thyroxine in plasma fail to about half normal values, serum triiodothyronine remains close to normal values while the appearance of the thyroid varies, very marked hyperactivity being noted 7 days after commencement of treatment, this is less marked at 14 days, but even after 9 months treatment there is clear cut evidence for hyperactivity with colloid changes which indicate this has persisted for some time. Straight chain analogs of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, di-n-hexyl phthalate and di-n-oxtyl phthalate differ entirely in their short-term effects on the liver and kidney but have similar effects on the thyroid. The short-term in vivo hepatic effects of the three phthalate esters can be reproduced in hepatocytes in tissue culture. All three phthalate esters, as well as clofibrate, have early marked effects on the metabolism of fatty acids in isolated hepatocytes. The nature of these changes is such as to increase storage of lipid in the liver. A hypothesis is presented to explain the progress from these initial metabolic effects to the final formation of liver tumors.
Polymorphism in CYP1A1 and CYP2D6 Genes: Possible Association with Susceptibility to Lung Cancer
Authors: Ari Hirvonen, Kirsti Husgafvel-Pursiainen, Sisko Anttila, Antti Karjalainen, Harri Vainio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Polymorphism of CYP2D6 gene encoding for debrisoquine hydroxylase was determined genotypically for 94 controls and 77 lung cancer patients using a polymerase chain reaction-based application.Both of the point mutations that give rise to deficient alleles of the CYP2D6 gene are detectable by this method.Out of the 94 healthy controls, 3 individuals (3.2%) had poor metabolizer (PM) genotypes, whereas no PM genotypes were detected in the lung cancer patient group.We observed no difference in the allelic frequencies for either homozygous extensive metabolizers (EMs) or heterozygous EMs between the lung cancer patients and the healthy controls.However, the absence of the poor metabolizer genotype (0/77) in the lung cancer patients is compatible with the hypothesis that there is an increased risk of lung cancer for individuals who are extensive metabolizers of debrisoquine.Another member of the cytochrome P450 gene superfamily that has attracted interest for its potential role in human pulmonary carcinogenesis is the CYPIAI gene.In CYPIAJ gene studies, a polymorphic site assessable to MspI gives rise to two different hybridizable fragments in a Southern blot analysis (alleles Cl and C2, respectively).The C2C2 genotype has previously been associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.So far 74 lung cancer patients, 30 patients with lung diseases other than cancer, and 118 healthy controls have been studied for CYPIAI gene polymorphism.No association between the MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism in the CYPIAJ gene and lung cancer susceptibility has been found.
Vestibulogenic imbalance.
Authors: J Foley
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Vestibular lesions may cause imbalance that long outlasts vertigo. Photographic analysis in five cases showed defects not only of the tilting reactions, which are of labyrinthine origin, but also of certain other postural reactions, notably the counterpoising and protective stepping reactions. All of these reflexes are unconscious and consequently such patients are rendered unstable in several ways simultaneously and may have difficulty describing their symptoms.
Enteritis and colitis associated with mefenamic acid.
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Voicing opposition to "apartheid" is, in most sectors of South African society, as prudent and fashionable as it is outside South Africa.It is unfortunate that the South African newspapers referred to by Mr Bennun are unavailable to most BMJ readers.A reading in toto of each of the articles referred to does not in fact give the same impression of maltreatment and malpractice produced by Mr Bennun's extracts.65Also, in the case of the trial of Mr Motaung, although Mr Bennun refers to the Rand Daily Mail of 28 and 29 July 1982, and the Sowetan of 29 July, he does not refer to their 30 July issues.On this date, the Rand Daily Mail reported the judge to have summed up: that the accused had lied about the extent of his injuries and the pain he had suffered; that his bullet wounds were not that serious; that' the security police had not deliberately kept him from seeing a doctor or sending him to hospital; that his demeanour in the witness box was thoroughly unsatisfactory; and that he had fabricated his evidence.9According to the Sowetan, the judge found the accused to have been a shrewd person in the witness box and quoted the district surgeon as saying that one shot had grazed the accused's private parts and that he had also suffered a super- ficial wound.10The events giving rise to the trial consisted of multiple killings, attempted killings, and attacks on police and power stations by a gang armed with AK-47 rifles, TNT explosives, and hand grenades.5Mr Bennun is making a sociolegal study of the application of South African security laws.This is, I imagine, a feasible undertaking because of the wealth of independent news- paper reporting and reliable documentation of open court hearings, a set of circumstances now unique in Africa.Without being entirely rhetorical, may I ask Mr Bennun how he would do a similar study of African Common- wealth countries ?What would be the sources of one's research material ?
Genetic and Epigenetic Silencing of MicroRNA-203 Enhances ABL1 and BCR-ABL1 Oncogene Expression
Authors: María J. Bueno, Ignacio Pérez de Castro, Marta Gómez de Cedrón, Javier Santos, George A. Calin, Juan C. Cigudosa, Carlo M. Croce, José Fernández-Piqueras, Marcos Malumbres
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Correction: Risk prediction models for selection of lung cancer screening candidates: A retrospective validation study
Authors: Kevin ten Haaf, Jihyoun Jeon, Martin C. Tammemägi, Summer S. Han, Chung Yin Kong, Sylvia K Plevritis, Eric J. Feuer, Harry J. de Koning, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Rafael Meza
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002277.].
<i>Insanity and Allied Neuroses.</i> A Practical and Clinical Manual. By George H. Savage, M. D., F. R. C. P., with the assistance of Edwin Goodall, M. D. (Lond.), B. S., F. R. C. P. New and enlarged edition. (Chicago: W. T. Keener &amp; Co.)
Authors: W. R. D.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1907)

In this almost universal exigency the therapeutic letter may do a good hardly to be overrated.It takes the place of the physician and continues his influence during his absence.The patient may use it as a p. r. n. order, reading and rereading it at his need.
Tragic dilemma.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

laparotomy but who was too ill to undergo resection at that time.R. W. Marcuson and J. A. Farman13 have now been able to review 122 collected cases of ischaemic disease of the colon.Of these, 98 were over the age of 50, and of the 24 younger patients three were diabetic and six were women taking oral contraceptives.There were 103 cases of ischaemic colitis and 16 examples of gangrene of the colon.All sites in the large bowel were involved, including the rectum, but 71 of the cases involved the transverse colon, splenic flexure, or descending colon.Unless there is evidence of spreading peritonitis, in which case surgery must be undertaken, the authors advise that all cases should be treated conservatively.Nearly half will resolve and require no further treatment.The remainder will develop stricture, but even some of these may dilate as they mature, and surgery is indicated only for obstruction or when malignant disease cannot be excluded.
Cholesterol, coronary disease, and cancer
Authors: R. J. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In their important controlled trial that examined the use of a high polyunsaturated fat diet for the prevention of atherosclerotic complications in Los Angeles veterans, Dayton and co-workers<sup>1</sup>reported a successful reduction in serum cholesterol levels and in fatal atherosclerotic complications. However, because of a compensatory increase in fatal cancers in the treatment group, there was no significant difference in overall mortality between the control and treatment groups. This finding was somewhat discouraging to those who hoped for a dietary solution to the atherosclerosis problem. However, it was pointed out that these men were old (average age, 67 years), and the competing mortality from cancer might be expected to compensate for the diminished atherosclerotic mortality. However, later, more careful review of the deaths showed a greater occurrence of both respiratory and gastrointestinal malignant neoplasms in the treatment group as opposed to that in the controls.<sup>2</sup> In a recent
Outline of Common Skin Diseases Including Eruptive Fevers.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of acute decompensation on prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Takayuki Kondo, Yoshihiko Ooka, Keisuke Koroki, Susumu Maruta, Kengo Kanayama, Hiroaki Kanzaki, Kazufumi Kobayashi, Masato Nakamura, Soichiro Kiyono, Naoya Kanogawa, Tomoko Saito, Sadahisa Ogasawara, Eiichiro Suzuki, Shingo Nakamoto, Akinobu Tawada, Tetsuhiro Chiba, Makoto Arai, Tatsuo Kanda, Hitoshi Maruyama, Jun Kato, Naoya Kato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Primary Structure and Spectroscopic Studies of Neurospora Copper Metallothionein
Authors: Mariano Beltramini, Konrad Lerch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

When Neurospora crassa is grown in the presence of Cu(II) ions, it accumulates the metal with the concomitant synthesis of a low molecular weight copper-binding protein.The molecule binds 6 g-atom of copper per mole protein (Mr = 2200) and shows a striking sequence homology to the zinc-and cadmium- binding vertebrate metallothioneins.Absorption, circular dichroism, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of Neurospora metallothionein indicate the copper to be bound to cysteinyl residues as a Cu(I)-thiolate complex of the polymeric pu-thiolate structure [Cu(I)6RS7E-.This metal-binding mode is also in agreement with the unusual luminescence of the protein.Spectral perturbation studies with HgCl2 andp-(chloromercuri)benzoate suggest that the 6 Cu(I) ions are coordinated to the seven cysteinyl residues in the form of a single metal cluster.Neurospora apometallothionein is also capable of binding in vivo group IIB metal ions [Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II)] as well as paramagnetic Co(II) ions with an overall metal-to-protein stoichiometry of 3. The spectroscopic properties of the fully substituted forms are indic- ative of a distorted tetrahedral coordination.However, metal titration of the apoprotein shows the third metal ion to be differently coordinated than the other two metal ions.This difference can be explained by the presence of only seven cysteine residues in Neurospora metallothionein as opposed to nine cysteine residues in the three-metal cluster of the mammalian metallothioneins.
Medical Genetics
Authors: Mark R. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The era of molecular medicine continued unabated in 1990. Rapid advances in recombinant DNA technology allowed the molecular characterization of scores of human genes, many involved in genetic disease or essential for normal cellular processes. Fully two thirds of all papers presented at the 1990 American Society of Human Genetics meeting involved molecular methods and descriptions of disease genes. The polymerase chain reaction, a rapid DNA amplification method, has now been complemented by a DNA-ligation amplification, thus providing even easier methods for studying genes. Fully 4200 scientific articles using polymerase chain reaction have been published, with 1700 articles appearing in 1990 alone. We believe that no technique has had such a rapid and profound impact on medicine since the development of monoclonal antibodies. The lay press published a record number of articles dealing with DNA, gene mutations (such as cystic fibrosis), and inherited disease conditions (neurofibromatosis), resulting in patients frequently
Response
Authors: G. M. MARSH, R. A. STONE, V. L. HENDERSON, N. A. ESMEN
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

ResponseLucas points out a problem with using diagnoses of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) from death certificates.As Lucas noted, the quality of diagnosis of NPC on death certificates is poor.The author contends that the "impact of such misclassification is to overestimate NPC incidence among formaldehyde work-
American Surgeon, Baltimore
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LABRADOR—A LESSON IN PRACTICAL NUTRITION
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ARTHROGRYPOSIS MULTIPLEX CONGENITA
Authors: WALTER G. STERN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Having had under my care, in recent years, four cases of congenital, multiple, incomplete fibrous ankylosis of the joints of the extremities, with complete extension of the arms and legs (Fig. 1), not due to muscle or tendon contractures, and having recently seen several additional cases of a similar nature at the clinic of Dr. Chatterton at Phalen Park, St. Paul, I feel impelled to present this condition to the profession at large, as a constant, characteristic and real—though rare—medical entity. It is unfortunate that I have not found a shorter term to describe this deformity adequately, but it is likely that a shorter name will suggest itself to the reader and to the critics who might review this paper. The principal characteristics of this condition seem to be a congenital limitation of motion in all the joints of the body except the maxillary joints and the vertebral column; a
International Symposium on Hormonal Manipulation of Cancer: Peptides, Growth Factors, and New Antisteroidal Agents
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article International Symposium on Hormonal Manipulation of Cancer: Peptides, Growth Factors, and New Antisteroidal Agents Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 75, Issue 5, November 1985, Page 985, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/75.5.985-c Published: 01 November 1985
Self-Control, Biofeedback, and Change in ‘Psychosomatic’ Approach
Authors: Hoyle Leigh
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1978)

The new psychosomatic treatment modalities of biofeedback and relaxation techniques have in common an emphasis on self-control or self-regulation. The surging popularity of the self-control techniques at present may reflect a change in the self-image of medicine, which emphasizes its role as a coüaborator of the patient in his self-control of disease processes. Modern concept of psychosomatic medicine emphasizes a systems or field approach to evaluation and treatment rather than on 'psychogenic' causes of physical illness. The self-control treatment modalities form an important part of the armamentaria of a modern 'psychosomaticist'. We present preliminary data suggesting that 'potentiation' of biofeedback treatment may be useful. In borderline hypertensives, using pharmacologic means to reduce blood pressure during a biofeedback session may help subjects identify and re-create the 'low blood pressure states' without further aid by drugs. Hypertensives seeking biofeedback treatment are extremely internal in locus of control and tend to generalize their self-control to other areas of life to foster health and to prevent illness.
Rearrangements in the second intron of the RARA gene are present in a large majority of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and are used as molecular marker for retinoic acid-induced leukemic cell differentiation
Authors: SJ Chen, YJ Zhu, JH Tong, S Dong, W Huang, Y Chen, WM Xiang, L Zhang, XS Li, GQ Qian
Journal: Blood (1991)
ABC of diabetes: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and lipids
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Meaning of the studyWe believe that publishing surgeon specific, crude mortality data, 2 as is planned in the United Kingdom, is not in the best interests of patients, and our study shows that surgeons cannot be compared fairly in this way.Cardiac surgeons already work in a stressful environment, and the perception that a "bad run" might jeopardise their career or result in suspension and investigation may lead to a tendency to turn down high risk cases.The easiest way to obtain low mortality is to do only straightforward operations-so called risk averse behaviour.This has already been identified as a potential problem after a survey of all cardiac surgeons in the United Kingdom in 2000, where 94% of responders agreed that high risk patients were being turned down for surgery. 1 Death rates in these patients often approach 100% if the patients are denied surgery and patients at heightened risk from surgery are, in general, those who have the most to gain from a successful operation. 21Our recommendation of benchmarking only low risk patients seems scientifically justified and pragmatic and should help to prevent risk averse behaviour. Unanswered questions and future researchSome evidence from North America sheds light on the effects of publication of surgeon specific data on patients, cardiologists, and surgeons, 1 22 23 but we do not know to what extent initiatives to publish crude mortality data for individual surgeons will actually deny operations to high risk patients, and what implications this will have on patients' survival, quality of life, and use of healthcare resources.This is an important area for future studies.Further investigations are also needed on high risk patients, to improve the quality of risk prediction in this group, and to understand variability in outcomes following high risk surgery for quality improvement purposes.
Management of pregnancies with RhD alloimmunisation
Journal: BMJ (2005)

menopausal soon after hysterectomy.We were therefore unable to carry out separate analyses using menopausal status.Previous studies have looked at risk of specific cancers after hysterectomy, rather than all cancer mortality.The reduced risk of ovarian cancer after hysterectomy found in one study 19 may have been due to a screening effect, as surgery provides an opportunity to detect abnormal ovaries.Such effects would persist for as long as it takes visible premalignant abnormalities to produce symptoms of cancer. 19This bias could have occurred in our study, although it is not clear how long such a protective effect might have influenced our risk estimates of all cancer mortality.Most women in our study had a hysterectomy for non-malignant reasons.They would no longer be at risk of endometrial, cervical, or ovarian cancer if they also had bilateral oophorectomy.Cancers comprise more than a third of deaths in middle aged women, with many at gynaecological sites.The observed lower risk of death (although not statistically significant) from all causes and from cancer among young women who had a hysterectomy was therefore unsurprising.Our results ignore any non-fatal, physical, psychological, and social costs to the individual after hysterectomy.The results should therefore not be used to argue that hysterectomy be used as a public health measure to reduce women's risk of death later in life.Instead, patients should be reassured that hysterectomy will not put their lives at risk later on.