tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Birth order among medical students
Authors: S. Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE FACT that here are biases in the selection of medical students should distress no one, for everyone wants his physician to possess very special qualities of ability, responsibility, and personality. However, the qualities of our medical students are the outcome of a process of self-selection by the applicants followed by further selection by an admissions committee. This article attempts to clarify some of the factors that contribute to these selection processes, and thus aims to make progress toward the much-desired objective of getting the most appropriate students into medical school. Recently, Rosinski<sup>1</sup>pointed out that only 12% of medical students appear to come from the lower half of the socioeconomic scale, a bias which probably reflects mainly the effects of self-selection. The present contribution confirms this finding and examines in more detail the effects of two components of socioeconomic status, occupation and education, which are thought to be
Drugs altering anticoagulants.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

caemia is a potent stimulus to ACTH secretion in normal persons, and this was also true of the patients with Addison's disease.Further, dexamethasone, which will normally suppress secretion of ACTH by a feedback mechanism, retained this ability in patients with Addison's disease.Measurement of plasma levels of C terminal ACTH in five patients with Addison's disease showed consistently higher values than of N terminal ACTH levels.It is known that differences between biological and immunological ACTH activity can occur, and these would seem more likely to be observed when an immunoassay method is used to detect the inactive C terminal portion of the ACTH molecule.Unfortunately an antibody against the N terminal portion is more difficult to raise, but interpretation of its values is more likely to be valid in clinical situations where such knowledge is important.
Environmental and Workplace Contamination in the Semiconductor Industry: Implications for Future Health of the Workforce and Community
Authors: Philip Edelman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The semiconductor industry has been an enormous worldwide growth industry. At the heart of computer and other electronic technological advances, the environment in and around these manufacturing facilities has not been scrutinized to fully detail the health effects to the workers and the community from such exposures. Hazard identification in this industry leads to the conclusion that there are many sources of potential exposure to chemicals including arsenic, solvents, photoactive polymers and other materials. As the size of the semiconductor work force expands, the potential for adverse health effects, ranging from transient irritant symptoms to reproductive effects and cancer, must be determined and control measures instituted. Risk assessments need to be effected for areas where these facilities conduct manufacturing. The predominance of women in the manufacturing areas requires evaluating the exposures to reproductive hazards and outcomes. Arsenic exposures must also be evaluated and minimized, especially for maintenance workers; evaluation for lung and skin cancers is also appropriate.
MEDICO-INSURANCE.
Authors: S. T. McDERMITH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Briefly as possible I will venture a few suggestions along lines that point to a domain unexplored by this Association, or at least unoccupied by this body. It is a virgin field, inviting the cultivating touch of the medical husbandman; an undeveloped province awaiting conquest. For fifty years the profession of this country has had vague cognizance of the existence of such an Eldorado, but has never braved the wilderness, the tropics or the desert, to reach it. The populace of this country had a vague knowledge of the Philippine Islands; that much of our hemp and palm leaf fans and manila wrappers for cigars were imported from there; but not until the echoes of Dewey's guns and the dull thud of a Spanish fleet striking the bottom of Manila bay and startling from its lethargy a civilized world, was any interest manifested in those tropical isles so
Correction
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

There was an error of calculation in the Results section, page 1332, first full paragraph, lines 3-9.The sentence should read as follows:However, during pregnancy, these responses diverged such that 73% of pregnant controls lost responsiveness to recall antigens during gestation ( P ϭ 0.007, pregnant vs. nonpregnant fertile controls), while only 41% of pregnant women with a history of RSA lost responsiveness to recall antigens ( P ϭ 0.032, pregnant vs. nonpregnant RSA subjects).The same statistical value should be reported in line 27 of the Abstract as P ϭ 0.032.
Incorrect Name in Byline in: Pediatric Readmission Prevalence and Variability Across Hospitals
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Jay G. Berry, MD, MPH; Sara L. Toomey, MD, MPhil, MPH; Alan M. Zaslavsky, PhD; Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH; Mari M. Nakamura, MD, MPH; David J. Klein, MS; Jeremy Y. Feng, BA; Shanna Shulman, PhD; Vincent W. Chiang, MD; William Kaplan, BS; Matt Hall, PhD; Mark A. Schuster, MD, PhD
Endogenous Depression in General Practice
Authors: A. K. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1947)

This paper investigates the concept of quality risk management (QRM) maturity as it applies to the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries, using the results and analysis from a QRM benchmarking survey conducted in 2015 and 2016. QRM maturity can be defined as the effectiveness and efficiency of a quality risk management program, moving beyond “check-the-box” compliance with guidelines such as ICH Q9 <i>Quality Risk Management</i>, to explore the value QRM brings to business and quality operations. While significant progress has been made towards full adoption of QRM principles and practices across industry, the full benefits of QRM have not yet been fully realized. The results of the QRM Benchmarking Survey indicate that the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries are approximately halfway along the journey towards full QRM maturity. <i>LAY ABSTRACT:</i> The management of risks associated with medicinal product quality and patient safety are an important focus for the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries. These risks are identified, analyzed, and controlled through a defined process called <i>quality risk management</i> (QRM), which seeks to protect the patient from potential quality-related risks. This paper summarizes the outcomes of a comprehensive survey of industry practitioners performed in 2015 and 2016 that aimed to benchmark the level of maturity with regard to the application of QRM. The survey results and subsequent analysis revealed that the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries have made significant progress in the management of quality risks over the last ten years, and they are roughly halfway towards reaching full maturity of QRM.
Effects of Estrogen-Only Treatment in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Matti A Rookus, Flora E van Leeuwen
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Complexity and Diversity of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases
Authors: R. K. Sunahara
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1996)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
Exposure to Indoor Tanning Without Burning and Melanoma Risk by Sunburn History
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

Indoor tanning is carcinogenic to humans. Individuals report that they tan indoors before planning to be in the sun to prevent sunburns, but whether skin cancer is subsequently reduced is unknown. Using a population-based case-control study, we calculated the association between melanoma and indoor tanning after excluding exposed participants reporting indoor tanning-related burns, stratified by their number of lifetime sunburns (0, 1-2, 3-5, >5). Confounding was addressed using propensity score analysis methods. All statistical tests were two-sided. We observed increased risk of melanoma across all sunburn categories for participants who had tanned indoors without burning compared with those who never tanned indoors, including those who reported zero lifetime sunburns (odds ratio = 3.87; 95% confidence interval = 1.68 to 8.91; P = .002). These data provide evidence that indoor tanning is a risk factor for melanoma even among persons who reported never experiencing burns from indoor tanning or outdoor sun exposure.
Crystal Structure of IKKβ Solved for the First Time
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2011)

Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family members are transcription factors that play key roles in regulating immune response, inflammation, and apoptosis.NF-κB is typically held in an inactive state in the cytoplasm by the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) protein.Upon activation of various signaling pathways, the inhibitor of IκB kinases (IKK) are activated and mark IκB for degradation, allowing NF-κB to move to the nucleus and regulate gene transcription.Given their key role in activation of NF-κB, the IKKs may be potential therapeutic targets in a number of diseases, including cancer.Now, for the first time, Xu and colleagues solve the crystal structure of IKKβ.In the structure, IKKβ forms a dimer that
GILES VIRUS, ASEPTIC MENINGITIS, AND PARALYTIC DISEASE
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errata: “Adhesionectomy” under Visual Control in Conjunction with Laparoscopy - Application of Microwave Tissue Coagulation
Authors: M. Watanabe, Y. Takatori, K. Ueki, T. Matsura, H. Hirakawa, S. Fukumoto, Y. Shimada
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

Correction to: “Adhesionectomy” under Visual Control in Conjunction with Laparoscopy - Application of Microwave Tissue CoagulationEndoscopy 1988; 20(03): 124-125DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1013016
The 1952 Year Book of Obstetrics and Gynecology (July, 1951-June, 1952)
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The paradox of technology: learning to share control with the patient
Authors: E. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The public health hazard of fresh fruits and vegetables contaminated with feces used as fertilizer is a longstanding concern. Early in this century, Creel<sup>1</sup>called attention to transmission of typhoid fever bacillus via fresh produce contaminated with human sewage. In W. Somerset Maugham's 1925 novel<i>The Painted Veil</i>, a despondent microbiologist committed suicide during a cholera epidemic by eating a fresh garden salad that was understood to be grown with human sewage fertilizer. More recently, foodborne outbreaks of<i>E coli</i>0157:H7 infection and of cryptosporidiosis in apple cider, juice, and lettuce have highlighted concern that foodborne pathogens present in animal manures might also find their way into fresh produce.<sup>2</sup>This could happen directly, via use of insufficiently composted manure as fertilizer, or indirectly, through irrigation water or untreated wash waters that are contaminated with animal manures. A small outbreak of<i>E coli</i>0157:H7 infection attributed to homegrown produce
Pulmonary and critical care medicine
Authors: S. K. Pingleton
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli, airways inflammation, and recurrent airways obstruction that is reversible spontaneously or in response to appropriate treatment but not completely reversible in some patients. Despite substantial gains in understanding its pathophysiologic features and in developing effective therapy, deaths due to asthma are increasing. Asthma mortality has increased not only in the United States but also across the world. Rates of death due to asthma increased from 0.8 per 100000 in 1977 to 1.9 in 1990 and 2.1 in 1991.<sup>1</sup>In fact, not only is mortality increasing but hospitalization for asthma, emergency department visits, and the general prevalence of the disorder are also on the rise.<sup>2</sup>The reasons are not known with certainty, but several explanations appear likely. Exposure to indoor and outdoor allergens is increased.<sup>3</sup>Socioeconomic conditions, such as poverty in minority
Coulee Dam Needs Two Doctors
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Community-based medical education in the Philippines
Authors: F. J. Lepreau
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Institute of Health Sciences at Palo on Leyte Gulf represents a bold initiative to counteract the perennial exodus of nurses and physicians, an exodus that leaves the Philippines with dangerously inadequate medical services. Organized within the University of the Philippines, the institute is separate from the university's traditional medical school, operating under its own dean. The institute's program clearly holds promise for the Philippines and may provide an example for other developing nations. Statistics illustrate the problem. The ratio of nurses to the population is 1:5245. In 1986, 129 schools graduated 6270 nurses; at this writing there were 96 000 registered nurses abroad and 64 000 in the Philippines. Mothers often raise daughters to be nurses who will go abroad to work and send money home. The ratio of physicians to the population is 1:6423. Twenty-seven medical schools graduate 3500 physicians annually, and at least 65% of them emigrate
A phase I study evaluating the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of the oral pan-phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor GDC-0941.
Authors: R. D. Baird, R. S. Kristeleit, D. Sarker, D. Olmos, S. K. Sandhu, Y. Yan, H. Koeppen, G. G. Levy, J. Jin, J. S. De Bono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

2613 Background: The PI3K-PTEN-AKT signaling pathway is deregulated in a wide variety of cancers. GDC-0941 is a potent and selective oral pan-inhibitor of class I PI3K with 3 nM IC50 for the p110-alpha subunit in vitro and demonstrates activity in preclinical xenograft models (breast, ovarian, lung, and prostate). Material and Methods: Patients (pts) with histologically confirmed advanced solid tumors and performance status 0–1 were enrolled in a phase I study (GDC4254g) of GDC-0941 using a 3+3 escalation design. Treatment was a single dose of GDC-0941 with a 1-week washout, followed by GDC-0941 QD on a 3-wk on, 1-wk off schedule. Phase I objectives included an evaluation of PD endpoints in surrogate tissue (pAKT in platelet-rich plasma [PRP]) and tumor tissue (pS6 in paired tumor biopsies) and FDG-PET. Results: Twenty-six pts have been enrolled in 7 successive cohorts (15–130 mg QD). GDC- 0941 was generally well tolerated with no DLT observed to date. The most frequently occurring drug-related adverse events (AEs) have been grade 1–2 nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, and dysgeusia. There has been one drug-related grade 4 AE of hyperglycemia in a cholangiocarcinoma pt at the 130 mg dose level during cycle 2 in the setting of concomitant steroid use. GDC-0941 displays dose-proportional increases in mean Cmax and AUCinf. Decreases in pS6 staining of >50% have been observed in paired tumor biopsies in addition to decreases of >90% in pAKT levels assayed in PRP from pts treated at 80 mg and higher. Signs of biologic activity have been observed in 3 pts (ovarian cancer, triple negative breast cancer, and ocular melanoma) treated at ≥100 mg GDC-0941 with reductions (≥30% in mean SUVmax) in tumor FDG avidity observed on PET scan and an ∼80% decrease in CA-125 in the ovarian cancer pt, who remained on-study for ∼5 months. Conclusions: GDC-0941 is generally well tolerated at 15 to 130 mg QD. Decreases in pAKT levels in PRP and decreases in pS6 staining in paired tumor biopsies are consistent with downstream modulation of the PI3K pathway. FDG-PET reductions have been observed along with a CA-125 decrease in a pt with ovarian cancer. Dose-escalation continues and updated PK/PD data will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech, Institute of Cancer Research Arno Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Roche Arno Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Genentech
Hand-Book of Materia Medica, Pharmacy and Therapeutics, including the physiologic action of drugs, special therapeutics of disease, official and practical pharmacy.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal