tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HEMOPTYSIS AND THE PNEUMOCOCCUS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

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REGULATION OF MARRIAGE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ototoxic Medication in Premature Children
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infant Exposure to Chemicals in Breast Milk in the United States: What We Need to Learn from a Breast Milk Monitoring Program
Authors: Judy S. LaKind, Cheston M. Berlin, Daniel Q. Naiman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The presence of environmental chemicals in breast milk has gained increased attention from regulatory agencies and groups advocating women's and children's health. As the published literature on chemicals in breast milk has grown, there remains a paucity of data on parameters related to infant exposure via breast-feeding, particularly those with a time-dependent nature. This information is necessary for performing exposure assessments without heavy reliance on default assumptions. Although most experts agree that, except in unusual situations, breast-feeding is the preferred nutrition, a better understanding of an infant's level of exposure to environmental chemicals is essential, particularly in the United States where information is sparse. In this paper, we review extant data on two parameters needed to conduct realistic exposure assessments for breast-fed infants: a) levels of chemicals in human milk in the United States (and trends for dioxins/furans); and b) elimination kinetics (depuration) of chemicals from the mother during breast-feeding. The limitations of the existing data restrict our ability to predict infant body burdens of these chemicals from breast-feeding. Although the data indicate a decrease in breast milk dioxin toxic equivalents over time for several countries, the results for the United States are ambiguous. Whereas available information supports the inclusion of depuration when estimating exposures from breast-feeding, the data do not support selection of a specific rate of depuration. A program of breast milk monitoring would serve to provide the information needed to assess infant exposures during breast-feeding and develop scientifically sound information on benefits and risks of breast-feeding in the United States.
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Prophylactic treatment for opportunistic infections in HIV-positive patients: aerosolized pentamidine
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The DATTA panelists considered aerosolized pentamidine to be both safe and effective for primary and secondary prophylaxis of PCP. T4 helper cell counts offer guidance as to the best candidates for primary prophylaxis. Patients with a T4 helper cell count of fewer than 200/mm3 are the most appropriate group to receive primary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. However, T4 helper cell counts are not an exclusive criterion for aerosolized pentamidine prophylaxis. Some DATTA panelists suggested that certain patients, such as those with Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphomas and those with concomitant human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection, might be considered candidates for aerosolized pentamidine regardless of T4 helper cell counts. There is no current literature to support this, and this opinion is based solely on clinical experience. Perhaps the use of other markers of immune function (beta 2-microglobulin, neopterin) in conjunction with T4 helper cell counts will give a better indication of when to start primary prophylaxis. Aerosolized pentamidine is not the only potential prophylactic regimen for PCP. Other drugs, including pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, and dapsone, are currently being evaluated. Prior diagnosis and therapy for patients with M tuberculosis must occur before initiation of the use of aerosolized pentamidine. This and other appropriate environmental precautions should reduce transmission of M tuberculosis to health care workers and other patients. Whether any prophylactic treatment of an opportunistic infection will prolong survival in HIV-infected individuals has yet to be proved. The assumption is made, however, that a reduction in opportunistic infections should lower mortality and improve the quality of life.
Abstract 640: Common Genetic Variation in the Promotor of the Ankyrin-2 Gene Modifies QT Interval
Authors: Kamil Sedlacek, Klaus Stark, Stefan Weber, Iris Berger, Arne Pfeufer, H.-Erich Wichmann, Christian Hengstenberg, Andreas Jeron
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Cardiac QT interval represents both ventricular depolarization and repolarization events. Previous studies suggested significant genetic contribution to the normal QT interval length variation. In a candidate gene approach, we sought to identify novel genetic determinants of the normal QT interval length within the Ankyrin-2 (Ank-2) gene. Population and Methods: The study population consisted of 1492 participants of the WHO MONICA population survey. A standard measurement of the QT interval from the 12-lead ECG was available in 1212 individuals. The QT interval was corrected for covariates using different general and population specific formulas (QTc). Altogether, 22 SNPs within the Ank-2 gene were genotyped using the TaqMan technology. Statistical analyses included ANOVA and linear regression based trend test for comparisons of the QTc means. Results: In the promotor region of the alternative splicing Ank-2 variant, several SNPs and haplotypes were highly significantly associated with the QTc interval length. Specifically, a SNP rs1979086 (minor allele frequency f=0.44) was associated with the QTc length in the whole population (P=0.004 for ANOVA and P&lt;0.001 for the trend test). The QTc difference between the genotype groups was 2.87 ms (95%CI 1.18 – 4.56) and more pronounced in men where the QTc difference between the genotype groups was 4.65 ms (95% CI 2.18 – 7.12; P=0.0006 for ANOVA and P=0.0004 for the trend test). The results remained robust when QTc extreme quartiles and quintiles, respectively, were tested in a case-control pattern. Highly significant association results were obtained for all genetic models used (OR 1.58; P=0.00009; trend test for extreme QTc quartiles). A frequent haplotype (f=0.28) spanning approximately 20 kb in this region was highly significantly associated with the QTc length in the whole study population (QTc difference vs. most prevalent haplotype 3.66 ms, 95%CI 3.14 – 4.17, P&lt;0.0001). Conclusion: A small genomic region in the promotor of the Ank-2 gene contains SNPs and haplotypes that significantly influence the QTc interval in the normal population of German descent. A gender-specific effect with greater influence in male participants requires further evaluation.
Intramuscular injection-site complications
Authors: D. J. Greenblatt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Among 26,294 hospitalized medical patients monitored by the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program, 46% received at least one intramuscular (IM) injection. Drugs for which IM injection was the route of administration in more than 80% of all exposures included penicillin G procaine, mercurial diuretics, cyanocobalamin, streptomycin sulfate, colistimethate sodium, meperidine hydrochloride, cephaloridine, scopolamine hydrobromide, kanamycin sulfate, and iron dextran injection. Local complications of IM injection were reported in a total of only 48 patients (0.4% of all IM recipients). Local complications were most commonly associated with IM injection of cephalothin sodium. Clinically important local complications are uncommonly associated with IM injections in general. However, certain drugs, eg, cephalothin, produce injection-site complications with relatively high frequency; the clinical role of IM injection of such drugs should be reevaluated. (<i>JAMA</i>240:542-544, 1978)
ENDOSCOPIC REMOVAL OF TUBULOVILLOUS ADENOMA WITH HIGH-GRADE FOCAL DYSPLASIA IN THE DISTAL COMMON BILE DUCT
Authors: R Alvaro Bendezu Garcia, X Andujar Murcia, C Loras Alastruey
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

A pluripathology 80-year-old female was admitted for cholangitis. A dilatation of the common bile duct (CBD) and a possible distal choledocholithiasis was shown in CT scan. An ERCP was performed and the duct was swept with a balloon, showing a polypoid lesion of adenomatous appearance through the papilla. The pathology confirmed a tubulo-villous adenoma with high-grade focal dysplasia. An EUS revealed the presence of a polyp of 10 × 8 mm in the CBD. In accordance with a multidisciplinary committee and being a high risk surgical patient, an endoscopic treatment was indicated.
CAPE TOWN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Dilemma of Morbid Obesity
Authors: Theodore B. Van Itallie
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A NATIONWIDE survey in the United States completed in 1974 has shown that 15% of men and 25% of women aged 20 to 74 years were 20% or more overweight, based on standards derived from a representative population aged 20 to 29 years.<sup>1</sup>Among women aged 55 to 64 years, 35% were similarly overweight. The same survey showed that 5% of men and 7% of women were "severely" obese (ie, with a body fat content, determined by skinfold thickness, greater than the 95th percentile for men and nonpregnant women aged 20 to 29 years). When this criterion was applied to body weight, it was found that the severely obese men were 30% or more above average weight for their height and age, while the severely obese women were 50% or more above average weight. Of this subset, between 8% and 10% (about 600,000 people) had a body weight twice
Homograft Rejection
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
S0221: Comparison of two schedules of paclitaxel as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
Authors: G. Thomas Budd, William E. Barlow, Halle C. F. Moore, Timothy J. Hobday, James A. Stewart, Claudine Isaacs, Muhammad Salim, Jonathan K. Cho, Kristine Rinn, Kathy S. Albain, Helen K. Chew, Gary Von Burton, Timothy David Moore, Gordan Srkalovic, Bradley Alexander McGregor, Lawrence E. Flaherty, Robert B. Livingston, Danika Lew, Julie Gralow, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

CRA1008 Background: S0221 is a SWOG-coordinated phase III adjuvant chemotherapy intergroup trial in node-positive and high-risk node-negative operable breast cancer which hypothesized that 1) the weekly AC+G regimen is superior to ddAC x 6 and 2) 12 weeks of weekly paclitaxel (wP) is superior to q 2 week paclitaxel x 6 (ddP). Methods: Between December 2003 and November 2010, 2,716 patients were randomized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to 1) AC+G vs ddAC and 2) P 80 mg/m 2 /week x 12 vs P 175 mg/m 2 q 2 weeks x 6. If there was no significant interaction between the factors, the trial was powered to find a disease-free survival hazard ratio (HR) ≤ 0.82 for weekly vs q 2 week for each factor. At the first interim analysis, the AC randomization was halted for futility, and S0221 was closed to accrual 10 November 2010. S0221 reopened 15 December 2010, after which time all patients received 4 cycles of ddAC and randomization to P weekly x 12 and ddP x 6 continued. Accrual halted at a total of 3,294 in January 2012. Results: By September 7, 2012, 487 events and 340 deaths had occurred, prompting the third planned interim analysis. The Data Safety and Monitoring Committee recommended reporting the results since the futility boundary was crossed. A Cox model adjusting for the AC arms had a HR = 1.08 (95% CI 0.90-1.28; p=0.42), with the 99.5% CI excluding the original alternative hypothesis that the HR=0.82. There was no significant interaction of the two factors. Estimated 5-year progression-free survivals were 82% for weekly P and 81% for ddP. Toxicity data were available for 1,385 patients treated with ddP and 1,367 treated with weekly P. Grade 5 toxicity occurred in 4 patients on ddP and 2 on weekly P. Percent grade 3-4 toxicity per arm are shown in the Table. Conclusions: Either ddPx6 or weekly P x 12 are acceptable schedules of P administration. The differences in leukopenia likely reflect ascertainment bias against weekly P. If this is accepted, weekly P x 12 produces less overall toxicity than 6 cycles of ddP. Support: NCI grants CA32102, CA38926, CA21115, CA21076, CA77597, CA25224, CA77202, CCSRI15469, and Amgen, Inc. Clinical trial information: NCT00070564. [Table: see text]
THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE COUNCIL ON PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Archiv für Japanische Chirurgie, Kyoto
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review of the Methods of Quantification
Authors: Yutaka Tanaka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

In order to analyze qualitative observations, methods of quantification or optimal scaling have been proposed by Fisher, Guttman, and Hayashi. According to these methods, scores are assigned optimally in some objective and operational sense to the qualitative categories. The present paper mainly reviews Hayashi's four methods of quantification from the mathematical point of view. They are widely used, especially in Japan, in various fields such as social and marketing surveys, psychological research, medical research, etc., where information is obtained mainly in the form of qualitative categories. The first and second methods are applied to the case where an external criterion is present, and are used to predict the external criterion or to analyze the effects of factors. On the other hand, the third and fourth methods are applied to the case where no external criterion is present, and are used to construct a spatial configuration so as to grasp the mutual relationship of the data. After reviewing Hayashi's four methods, we discuss two topics which have been pointed out as the problems to be solved in applying the methods of quantification. One is quantification for ordered categories and the other is statistical consideration. With respect to these topics we review some recently developed methods including the studies due to the present author. Finally we mention briefly several computer programs available in Japan.
Disruption of Leukemia/Stroma Cell Interactions by CXCR4 Antagonist CTCE-9908 Enhances Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis in AML
Authors: Hongbo Lu, Zhihong Zeng, Yuexi Shi, Sergej Konoplev, Donald Wong, Marina Konopleva, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Blood (2008)
The 'aging game'. An approach to education in geriatrics
Authors: L. J. McVey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

STRIKING demographic changes have occurred during this century with the increase in the number and proportion of elderly in the US population. With the improvement in life expectancy, however, the elderly are experiencing more of the cumulative effects of multiple chronic diseases and disability. The growing needs of the aged population require the availability of more physicians with an active interest and commitment to geriatric care. Yet, numerous reports have documented a widespread negative attitude held by those in the medical profession toward aging and the care of the elderly.<sup>1-10</sup>Such biases may, in part, be due to the general societal negativity toward the aged and they may further reflect the traditional orientation of medical training, which emphasizes the management and cure of acute diseases to the neglect of a comprehensive approach to geriatrics/gerontology in medical school curricula.<sup>8</sup> In an effort to sensitize medical students to the problems