tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preemption in Tobacco Control
Authors: Michael Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the nature, extent, and public health significance of state legislation that preempts the local regulation of tobacco. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —computerized database of local tobacco control ordinances, state tobacco control laws, preemption bills introduced during the 1996 state legislative session, articles obtained through a MEDLINE search (1984-1996) using the key word "preemption" or identified from bidliographies of these articles, public opinion surveys, and newspaper articles. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —All identified data sources were used. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —analyses of preemption bills and state laws were conducted independently by multiple observers. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —There has been a striking increase in the adoption of local tobacco control ordinances during the past decade; by the end of 1995, approximately 1006 communities had enacted a local tobacco control ordinance. In response, the tobacco industry has advanced legislation in 29 states that preempts local authority to regulate tobacco. During the 1996 state legislative session alone, 26 bills containing preemption were introduced, and 2 were enacted. Emerging trends in the tobacco industry's strategy to advance preemption laws include (1) amending legitimate tobacco control bills to preempt local tobacco regulation, (2) using the Synar amendment as a vehicle to advance preemption, and (3) promoting "superpreemption" bills that eliminate all local control of tobacco policy. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Preemption of local tobacco regulation is an important tobacco industry strategy that undermines the public's health. Preventing the enactment of new preemption laws and repealing existing ones should become a public health priority.
Health status of urban American Indians and Alaska Natives. A population-based study
Authors: D. C. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To use vital statistics and communicable disease reports to characterize the health status of an urban American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) population and compare it with urban whites and African Americans and with Al/ ANs living on or near rural reservations. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive analysis of routinely reported data. <h3>Setting.</h3> —One metropolitan county and seven rural counties with reservation land in Washington State. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —All reported births, deaths, and cases of selected communicable diseases occurring in the eight counties from 1981 through 1990. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Low birth weight, infant mortality, and prevalence of risk factors for poor birth outcomes; age-specific and cause-specific mortality; rates of reported hepatitis A and hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases. <h3>Results.</h3> —Urban AI/ANs had a much higher rate of low birth weight compared with urban whites and rural AI/ANs and had a higher rate of infant mortality than urban whites. During the 10 years, urban AI/AN infant mortality rates increased from 9.6 per 1000 live births to 18.6 per 1000 live births compared with no trend among the other populations. Compared with rural AI/AN mothers, urban AI/AN mothers were 50% more likely to receive late or no prenatal care during pregnancy. Relative to urban whites, urban AI/AN risk factors for poor birth outcomes (delayed prenatal care, adolescent age, and use of tobacco and alcohol) were more common and closely resembled the prevalence among the African-American population except for a higher rate of alcohol use among AI/ANs. Compared with urban whites, urban AI/AN mortality rates were higher in every age group except the elderly. Differences between urban whites and AI/ANs were largest for injury- and alcohol-related deaths. All-cause mortality was lower among urban AI/ANs compared with rural AI/ANs and urban African Americans, although injury- and alcohol-related deaths were higher for AI/ANs. All communicable diseases studied were significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) more common among urban AI/ANs compared with whites. Tuberculosis rates were highest in the urban AI/AN group, but rates of sexually transmitted diseases were intermediate between urban whites and African Americans. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —In this urban area, great disparities exist between the health of AI/ANs and whites across almost every health dimension we measured. No consistent pattern was found in the comparison of health indicators between urban and rural AI/ANs, though rural AI/ANs had lower rates of low birth weight and higher rates of timely prenatal care use. The poor health status of urban AI/AN people requires greater attention from federal, state, and local health authorities. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:845-850)
Stress Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yoshihiro J. Akashi, Holger M. Nef, Helge Möllmann, Takashi Ueyama
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2009)

Recently, an increasing number of cases of stress cardiomyopathy, mainly occurring in elderly women, have been documented in many parts of the world. In Japan, this disease is known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy (named after the fishing pot used for trapping octopus). Symptoms of this condition are akin to those of acute myocardial infarction, but no obstructive lesions are found in the coronary arteries, and left ventricular apical ballooning is present. Stress cardiomyopathy is now a well-recognized cause of acute heart failure, lethal ventricular arrhythmias, and ventricular rupture. Although the precise mechanism of onset of this condition is still controversial, two major pathogenic mechanisms have been proposed: catecholamine cardiotoxicity and neurogenic stunned myocardium. We summarize the findings of studies conducted to date on stress cardiomyopathy—from bench to bedside and bedside to bench.
Brain Scans in Schilder's Disease
Authors: John Mealey
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Valenstein et al stated that "Positive brain scans... have not previously been reported in Schilder's disease." An earlier case with similar positive results was documented by positron scanning in 1956. This scan was reproduced in a subsequent paper by Sweet et al, entitled "Coincidence Scanning With Positron-Emitting Arsenic or Copper In the Diagnosis of Focal Intracranial Disease" (<i>Medical Radioisotope Scanning</i>, Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1959, pp 163-188 [see pp 186-187]).
Table of Contents
Authors: Christina Wyatt, Nicola Wanner, T Alp Ikizler, Kumar Sharma, Ljiljana Pa Sa-Toli, Marion Mafham, Richard Haynes, Etty Kruzel-Davila, Karl Skorecki, Karol Bomsztyk, Oleg Denisenko, Yuliang Wang, Pieter Evenepoel, Rukshana Shroff, Roger Evans, Connie Kdigo, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Nisha Bansal, Josef Coresh, Marie Evans, Morgan Grams, Charles Herzog, Matthew James, Hiddo Heerspink, Carol Pollock, Paul Stevens, Kurella Tamura, Marcello Tonelli, David Wheeler, Wolfgang Winkelmayer, Michael Cheung, Brenda Hemmelgarn, Ricardo Villa-Bellosta, W Charles O'neill, Sanja Sever, Mario Schiffer, Martin Höhne, Christian Frese, Florian Grahammer, Claudia Dafinger, Giuliano Ciarimboli, Linus Butt, Julia Binz, Matthias Hackl, Mahdieh Rahmatollahi, Martin Kann, Simon Schneider, Mehmet Altintas, Bernhard Schermer, Thomas Reinheckel, Heike Göbel, Jochen Reiser, Tobias Huber, Rafael Kramann, Tamina Seeger-Nukpezah, Max Liebau, Bodo Beck, Thomas Benzing, Andreas Beyer, Markus Rinschen, Christina Ching, Sudipti Gupta, Birong Li, Hanna Cortado, Nicholas Mayne, Ashley Jackson, Kirk Mchugh, Brian Becknell, Quan Hong, Lu Zhang, Bhaskar Das, Zhengzhe Li, Bohan Liu, Guangyan Cai, Xiangmei Chen, Peter Chuang, John He, Kyung Lee, Jonatan Barrera-Chimal, Gabriel Estrela, Sebastian Lechner, Sébastien Giraud, Soumaya Moghrabi, Shiem Kaaki, Peter Kolkhof, Thierry Hauet, Frédéric Jaisser, Angelique Rops, Erik Jansen, Alie Van Der Schaaf, Elmar Pieterse, Nils Rother, Julia Hofstra, Henry Dijkman, Anne-Els Van De Logt, Jack Wetzels, Johan Van Der Vlag, Annemiek Van Spriel, W Dickson, Wai Wong, Kam Yiu, Ye Chan, Bin Li, Sarah Li, Makoto Lok, Peter Taketo, Loretta Igarashi, Joseph Chan, Neng Leung, Sydney Lai, Longkai Li, Nan Shen, Nan Wang, Weidong Wang, Qingzhu Tang, Xiangning Du, Juan Carrero, Keping Wang, Yiyao Deng, Zhitong Li, Hongli Lin, Taihua Wu, Peter Toth, Jamie Dwyer, Christopher Cannon, Helen Colhoun, Daniel Rader, Ashish Upadhyay, Michael Louie, Andrew Koren, Alexia Letierce, Jonas Mandel, Maciej Open
Journal: Kidney International (2018)
Tobacco
Authors: Robert L. DuPont
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Thirty-one years after the surgeon general targeted tobacco use as a major health threat, about one million teenagers in the United States take up the habit each year. That just about matches the number of older Americans who quit smoking, keeping the smoking rate at about 25% of the population aged 16 years and older. This is far better than the 46% cigarette smoking rate of 1964, but it is one of the most humbling failures of US health policy in the final third of the 20th century. Because documentation that smoking causes more than 400 000 deaths a year, about 20% of the total deaths in the United States, has failed to lower smoking rates among teenagers in the past decade, it makes sense to try a new strategy by focusing on nicotine, the addictive chemical. Perhaps fear of addiction can do what the fear of death could not:
Orthopedics research now asks, 'does it work?' rather than just, 'how is procedure performed?'
Authors: P. Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

LEADERS in orthopedic surgery are embracing outcomes research as a way to avoid the consequences of what they acknowledge is the specialty's generally weak scientific literature. "Overt enthusiasm" for sophisticated diagnostic and treatment methods "has not been altogether matched by a similar sophistication in our thought," says John Goodfellow, MD, editor of the British edition of the<i>Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery</i>. Today's cost-containment pressures are demanding explanation of large increases and wide variation in use of the specialty's often expensive elective procedures, especially in the absence of data on these procedures' long-term benefits, risks, and limitations, agreed speakers at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons meeting in Anaheim, Calif. <h3>What Does Patient Say?</h3> Looking at patient satisfaction with the outcome of therapy, as opposed to traditional orthopedic research on how to perform procedures, "is important to try to work our way out of this morass," says Robert Keller,
Circulating tumor (ct)-DNA alterations in patients with testicular germ tumors.
Authors: Amin Nassar, Archana Agarwal, Rebecca Nagy, Catherine Curran, Sarah Abou Alaiwi, Richard B. Lanman, AmirAli Talasaz, Christopher Sweeney, Guru Sonpavde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e16063 Background: Testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) infrequently harbor somatic mutations. ctDNA assay allows the noninvasive genomic profiling of malignancies and may assist with understanding molecular evolution of resistance. To our knowledge, ctDNA genomic alterations observed in in testicular GCTs have not been heretofore described. We report ctDNA profiling of patients (pts) with testicular GCTs. Methods: 31 Pts with testicular GCTs from multiple institutions in the United States that underwent ctDNA analysis using the Guardant360 platform were eligible. Two patients had one serial ctDNA sample. De-identified demographic data were collected in addition to data for ctDNA alterations. Guardant360 is a CLIA-certified ctDNA panel that assesses single nucleotide variant and copy number alterations in 68 to 73 genes for potentially actionable genomic alterations. Variants reported at least 3 times in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) database or found in OncoKB were considered pathogenic. Results: Of 31 patients with testicular GCTs, 162 ctDNA alterations were detected in 26 patients (84%) across 41 genes (Table). A median number of 3 alterations (range 1-19) was detected per sample. Among the 162 alterations, 88 were believed to be pathogenic and detectable in 20 patients (65%). 12/31 pts (39%) were documented to be post systemic therapy. The median age was 38 years (range 20-61). The most common pathogenic somatic alterations were KRAS (n = 12/88, 14%), CCND2 (n = 8/88, 9%), MET (n = 8/88, 9%), CDK6 (n = 7/88, 8%), TP53 (n = 6/88, 7%), and RAF1 (n = 5/88, 6%). In 2 patients with serial samples, 5 novel pathogenic alterations were detected in the second sample including FGFR2, APC, CDK6, RAF1, and MAPK1. Conclusions: ctDNA alterations were frequently detected in resistant testicular GCTs and appear similar to alterations previously described in tumor tissue analyses of testicular GCTs. Given that ctDNA offers a non-invasive means of profiling tumor DNA, further development of this promising modality is warranted to determine it's relevance in clinical practice. [Table: see text]
MENTAL HYGIENE OF WOMEN.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical educators' views on medical education reform
Authors: J C Cantor, A B Cohen, D C Barker, A L Shuster, R C Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To determine whether medical educators perceive a need for change in medical student education, we analyzed data from a 1989 survey of 1369 respondents from all US schools of allopathic medicine. Except for basic sciences faculty, a majority of educators stated that "fundamental changes" are needed in medical student education in the United States. Nearly three fourths of deans and associated deans reported the need for "fundamental changes" or "thorough reform." At least 79% of educators voiced support for six specific reforms, such as rewarding teaching excellence and increasing clinical education in ambulatory and community settings. While slight majorities supported reducing class size and centralizing governance, substantial proportions stated that they would "work against" such reforms. Most educators reported that a broad base of support within the school would be essential for change. The survey suggests a restlessness among the leaders of medical education.
Role of Bacterial Cytotoxins in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: S Ashkenazi
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1993)

Bacterial cytotoxins, which are produced by Shigella dysenteriae 1 and certain E. coli serotypes, kill mammalian cells by inhibiting protein synthesis. They have been related to hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, probably by initial insult to vascular endothelial cells. This insight opened new avenues of research and possible interventions.
Abstract 4538: Global and phosphoproteomic analysis of AML cell line response to phosphatase inhibitor treatment
Authors: Paul D. Piehowski, Jason E. McDermott, Joshua R. Hansen, Samantha L. Savage, Cristina E. Tognon, Anupriya Agarwal, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Brian J. Druker, Karin D. Rodland
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract In the United States, approximately 21,000 people are diagnosed with AML each year and over 10,000 AML related deaths are reported. Genomic analysis has revealed at least 11 genetic classes of AML, and more than 20 subsets can be assigned when considering the differentiation states of Leukaemic blasts. This variability has generated significant interest in the development of targeted therapies for AML. However, complex mutational patterns and a lack of pharmacological agents for most mutational events have challenged the development of effective treatments. Recent results from the Beat AML clinical trial revealed that response to drugs is associated with mutational status, including instances where drug sensitivity is specific to combinatorial mutational events. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underpinning drug response, we performed global and phosphoproteomic analyses on 4 AML cell lines that carry mutations associated with AML: K562 with a BCR-ABL fusion, MOLM14 with a FLT3 mutation, HL60 with a RAS mutation, and CMK with a JAK3 mutation. These cell lines were each treated with a different kinase inhibitor drug for which they have a known sensitivity. Cell samples were collected prior to treatment and time points of 30 min, 3h, and 16 hrs. Frozen cell pellets were prepared for analysis using the workflow for multiplexed, deep-scale, proteome and phosphoproteome analysis developed by the NCI CPTAC program. The goal of our Proteogenomic Translational Research Center is to develop drug response signatures allowing the use of baseline proteome and phosphoproteome measurements to predict patient drug response, providing a foundation for rational selection of combination therapies. Preliminary analysis of the data show a dynamic temporal response to drug treatment in both the global and phosphoproteome, Figure 1. Current efforts are focused on combining knowledge-driven and data-driven analysis approaches to identify the pathways associated with drug response. Citation Format: Paul D. Piehowski, Jason E. McDermott, Joshua R. Hansen, Samantha L. Savage, Cristina E. Tognon, Anupriya Agarwal, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Brian J. Druker, Karin D. Rodland. Global and phosphoproteomic analysis of AML cell line response to phosphatase inhibitor treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4538.
Corporate Action to Reduce Air Pollution--Atlanta, Georgia, 1998-1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Ground-level ozone, a colorless gas, is a major constituent of smog. Since the early 1980s, controlled studies have demonstrated that exposure to elevated levels of ozone reduces inspiratory capacity in humans. In addition, ecologic analyses have indicated that daily emergency department visits for asthma exacerbations are elevated following days of high ozone pollution. The Partnership for a Smog-Free Georgia (PSG) is a state-sponsored program to reduce the number of days that ground-level ozone exceeds the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) in metropolitan Atlanta by providing federal and state subsidized commuting alternatives for local business employees. This report summarizes commuter data from three PSG partners to estimate reductions in emissions and monthly vehicle miles traveled that were associated with enrollment in PSG.
Health Vulnerability
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AB0093 Angiopoietin-Like 4 is Over–Expressed in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Potential Role in Pathological Bone Resorption
Authors: C. Swales, N.A. Athanasou, H. Knowles
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> In contrast to normal synovial tissue, rheumatoid synovium is hypoxic, and expresses the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors HIF-1α and HIF-2α, which allow the transcription of genes involved in angiogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and regulation of immune function. Hypoxia also stimulates osteoclast differentiation and causes a HIF-1α-dependent 3-fold increase in bone resorption. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a hypoxia- and HIF-inducible pro-angiogenic adipokine that is induced in fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study sought to investigate whether ANGPTL4 is expressed in osteoclasts and other cells within rheumatoid synovial tissue, and to compare serum and synovial fluid levels of ANGPTL4 with those in normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum, synovial fluid and synovial tissue samples were derived from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA); serum was obtained from aged-matched normal controls. All donors were recruited from the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK and gave written informed consent. ANGPTL4 and HIF-1α expression was assessed in OA and RA synovial sections by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Serum and synovial fluid levels of ANGPTL4 were measured by ELISA. Osteoclasts were differentiated from circulating RA monocytes using M-CSF and RANKL, and hypoxic induction of ANGPTL4 mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. <h3>Results</h3> Bone-apposing osteoclasts within the rheumatoid synovium expressed ANGPTL4 and its regulating transcription factor HIF-1α. ANGPTL4 was strongly expressed in synovial lining cells, endothelial cells, stromal cells, CD68+ macrophages and plasma cells within the RA synovium. Little ANGPTL4 was evident in normal synovium, mirroring the expression pattern of HIF-1α in rheumatoid versus normal synovial tissue. ANGPTL4 concentrations were higher in the serum and synovial fluid of RA patients than in OA patients or normal controls. High serum ANGPTL4 correlated with elevated levels of the serum bone resorption marker sRANKL. Finally, ANGPTL4 mRNA was induced 5.5-fold by hypoxia in monocyte-derived osteoclasts from RA patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> ANGPTL4 is over-expressed in both the serum and the synovial fluid and tissue of RA patients. Expression of ANGPTL4 in bone-apposing osteoclasts and correlation of high serum ANGPTL4 with circulating sRANKL suggests ANGPTL4 as a marker for bone destruction, and a potential target for inhibition of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by Arthritis Research UK (Grant number MP/19200), with additional support from the Oxford University National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Unit. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4208