tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acronyms
Authors: T. O CHENG
Journal: Thorax (1999)

We agree with Richard Coker 1 that the vast majority of non-compliant cases of tuberculosis can be dealt with by a mixture of directly observed therapy (DOT) and inducements.However, when DOT fails in a few cases each year, despite intensive team eVort and carrots such as housing or food vouchers, the Public Health Act may have to be invoked.We have had recourse to this measure four times in the past six months but, though providing valuable breathing space, it is extremely costly and proved ineVectual as a solution each time.Once the patient is admitted there are still potential problems.Treatment cannot be enforced and patients can abscond.There have also been instances of patients assaulting staV, physically and sexually, issuing death threats, breaking hospital property, and terrorising other patients, even interfering with others' oxygen therapy.Dealing with such patients puts hospital staV and patients under unacceptable pressure and requires extra staYng for security purposes.NHS hospitals were not designed for, nor are they staVed adequately for, custodial purposes.There is an urgent need to review the Public Health Act and make provisions for small specialist units staVed by nurses with training in and an aptitude for interpersonal skills.Admission to the unit would usually only be required for short periods of time until precipitating circumstances were resolved and alternative arrangements made.The threat of compulsory admission, or a short period thereof, may induce a behavioural change in the patient, allowing DOT to be successful after failing previously.In addition, a centrally based mobile unit of trained staV could be available to help tide teams over emergencies and could reduce the need for the specialist unit, enabling more non-adherent patients to be managed in the community.We call upon the Department of Health to examine and implement these proposals.
Study of Cancer Mortality by Grid Square Method
Authors: Toshiteru Okubo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The grid square method as used in Japan has been standardized by the government, by use of the lines of the earth's latitude and longitude. The basic unit covers an area of approximately one square kilometer. An evaluation of this method is focused on the geographical distribution of cancer mortality in the city of Tokyo over a period of six years. The results indicated that for stomach and lung cancers, there was a very clear geographical distribution. High stomach cancer areas were similar for both males and females, and by comparing data with census data, it was evident that the blue-collar areas showed high mortality. High lung cancer areas were also similar for both males and females, but the distribution was opposite to that of stomach cancer, i.e., the higher mortality was observed in white-collar areas. Because the basic area unit of one square kilometer was too small for statistical analysis of geographical distribution, the moving average of nine grid squares as well as a "combined grid square method" based on population density was used. By this study a number of advantages of the grid square method as opposed to methods employing existing government boundaries became evident. The boundary lines do not move with political expediencies. X-Y coordinates can be easily defined for statistical analyses by computer, facilitating computer mapping, calculating the center of distribution, determination of the contour lines, and the estimation of values in places which lie between sampling stations.
Use of Viral Infections in Animal Models to Assess Changes in the Immune System
Authors: Earl R. Kern
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Viral infections in animal models appear to be ideal systems for determining toxicity to the immune system by environmental substances. Since many viral infections that are utilized in animals produce systemic disease, these models provide an opportunity to evaluate the interaction between virus and components of host resistance. In these infections it is possible to delineate the role of antibody, interferon, cell-mediated immunity, neutrophils and macrophages in response to infection. A change in any of these components responsible for resistance to a particular virus may be correlated with an alteration of mortality an pathogenesis of the viral infection. Three experimental viral infections in mice that are potential candidates for use in determining immunotoxicity are discussed in terms of the response of individual components of resistance to infection and how changes in there components result in alterations of viral pathogenesis. The resistance to encephalomyocarditis virus infection in mice appears to be primarily mediated by antibody and interferon while with herpes simplex virus, infections are mainly controlled through cell-mediated immunity, macrophages, and possible interferon. Cellular immunity also appears to be primarily responsible for resistance to cytomegalovirus infections. Therefore, it is important in the use of these systems for evaluating immunotoxicity to define the pathogenesis of the viral infection and the specific host responses to these infections and to be able to correlate a change in host resistance with an alteration of the viral infection.
British Journal of Radiology, London
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of CS-514 on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic subjects
Authors: N. Nakaya
Journal: JAMA (1987)

CS-514 is a metabolic product of compactin and has a potent cholesterollowering effect in vitro and in animal studies by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl—coenzyme A reductase. The efficacy and adverse effects of the agent were studied in 41 hypercholesterolemic subjects by administering daily doses of 5, 20, or 40 mg for four weeks under double-blind conditions. Mean total serum cholesterol level was reduced by 11.1% in the 5-mg group, 18.8% in the 20-mg group, and 25.3% in the 40-mg group. Marked reduction of total serum cholesterol level was also observed in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemics. Mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and apolipoprotein B concentration decreased by 38.5% and 28.8%, respectively, in the 40-mg group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased by 11.8%. No serious clinical and laboratory abnormalities were observed. Plasma cortisol and testosterone levels were not significantly affected. These results suggest that CS-514 will be a useful agent in the treatment of nonfamilial and heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:3088-3093)
Serum lipoprotein levels during chlorthalidone therapy. A Veterans Administration-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute cooperative study on antihypertensive therapy: mild hypertension
Authors: A. I. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In a joint Veterans Administration-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute study of mild hypertension, 1,012 men and women, 21 to 50 years of age and with diastolic pressure from 85 to 105 mm Hg, were randomized into two double-blind treatment groups. Subjects in the active group received chlorthalidone or chlorthalidone plus reserpine, while the other subjects received matching placebo tablets. After one year of treatment, the chlorthalidone group had increases of 10.0±1.8 (SE) mg/dL in total cholesterol level, 9.8±5.2 mg/dL in triglyceride level, and 12.6±3.4 mg/dL in low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level above the changes in the placebo group. There was no difference in high-density lipoprotein changes between the two groups (0.1±0.8 mg/dL). The possible net effect on risk of increasing lipid values while lowering pressure in the long-term treatment of mild hypertension with thiazides or related diuretics must be further evaluated. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1691-1695, 1980)
What are my chances of getting a job in the United Kingdom after obtaining membership of the Royal College of Surgeons? What are the chances of getting into higher surgical training?
Authors: Faisal Hanif
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone (www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone) for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site.
Apical First Heart Sound as Aid in Diagnosis of Atrial Septal Defect
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of neonatal asphyxia
Authors: H. A. Hein
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the thoughtful comments by Dr Hein and the further opportunity to discuss neonatal asphyxia. Dr Hein is skeptical of mouth-to-mouth ventilation. Is it safe regarding meconium aspiration and infection? Is it effective in correcting hypoxemia? My personal experience of approximately 20 years as an anesthesiologist indicates the answers generally are "Yes." To place mouth-to-mouth ventilation in perspective, I shall compare it to bag-and-mask and intubation. The last two methods, as Dr Hein correctly infers, provide a much higher oxygen concentration. In addition, intubation enables suctioning of the trachea by using the tube as a straw.<sup>1</sup>But other facets also are present. Mouth-to-mouth has minimal setup time. Suctioning seldom needs to be done. No airway or endotracheal tube need be inserted. Mouth-to-mouth minimizes resistance to the flow of gas. The mouth and throat are opened widely, and no tube restricts the tracheal lumen. The rule "establish
Swollen elbow following trauma
Authors: R. D. Hunter
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>History</h3> A WOMAN was seen in the emergency room following a fall. She complained of pain in the elbow. Examination demonstrated swelling of the elbow with a decreased range of motion. Roentgenograms were obtained (Fig 1 and 2). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Fracture of the elbow with positive fat pad sign. <h3>Comment</h3> The lateral roentgenogram of the elbow (Fig 1) shows two soft-tissue curvilinear radiolucencies, one projecting anterior to and the other posterior to the distal area of the humerus just above the elbow joint. Neither the anteroposterior nor the lateral view shows a fracture. The lucent shadows represent the fat pads overlying the distal area of the humerus, displaced by fluid in the elbow joint. Fat pads are often seen on the lateral roentgenogram of the flexed elbow in a patient who has had recent trauma, and are generally associated with a fracture. In most cases, the fracture is apparent radiographically, and
Pertussis hospitalizations and mortality in the United States, 1985-1988. Evaluation of the completeness of national reporting
Authors: R. W. Sutter
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the magnitude of hospitalizations for pertussis and pertussis mortality and to estimate the total burden of clinically significant pertussis in the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —Capture-recapture methods for estimating population size from independent surveillance systems were used to analyze morbidity and mortality data from case report forms received at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) from the states, and compared these data with pertussis hospitalizations compiled from a database of US hospitals participating in the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities-Professional Activities Survey (CPHA-PAS) and death certificate reports compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). <h3>Population Studied.</h3> —All pertussis hospitalizations and pertussis-related deaths in the United States, 1985 through 1988. <h3>Results.</h3> —We estimated that 13557 pertussis hospitalizations (95% confidence interval [CI], 12953 to 14162) and 98 pertussis deaths had occurred during the 4-year study period (an average of more than 3300 hospitalizations and 25 deaths per year). The completeness of reporting hospitalizations to the CDC was 32% and to the CPHA-PAS, 23%, while the completeness of reporting pertussis deaths to the CDC was 33% and to NCHS, 23%. Patients who were hospitalized with pertussis and reported to CDC were at a higher risk for developing pneumonia (31.0% vs 20.0%, relative risk [RR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.7), seizures (3.7% vs 2.1%; RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4 to 2.5) and encephalitis (1.2% vs 0.2%; RR, 5.3; 95% CI, 2.4 to 11.6) compared with patients recorded in the CPHA-PAS system. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Our study suggests that there is substantial underreporting of pertussis, that severe complications of pertussis (including hospitalizations) are reported preferentially to the CDC, and that the national health impact of pertussis based on these indicators is considerably higher than previously published reports have suggested. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:386-391)
HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation after TCR-Αβ and CD45RA+ Depletion Following Reduced Intensity Conditioning in Adults and Children with Hematological Malignancies: Three-Year Follow-up of Multicenter Study in Singapore
Authors: Yang Liang Boo, Yeh Ching Linn, Rajat Bhattacharyya, Michelle Li Mei Poon, Zi Yi Lim, Michaela Su-Fern Seng, Poh Lin Tan, Colin Phipps Diong, Balamurugan Vellayappan, Ah Moy Tan, Lip Kun Tan, Yvonne Su Ming Loh, Teck Guan Soh, Gina Gan, Yin Jie Koh, Wing Hang Leung, Liang Piu Koh
Journal: Blood (2020)
Abstract 418: <i>Ex vivo</i>isolation and culture of circulating tumor cells using microfluidics chip
Authors: Huirong Zhang, Pan Zhao, Han Wu, Chang Zou
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the tumor cells shed from primary tumor, which enter the bloodstream and travel to distant anatomic sites to form metastasis. CTCs have been identified as blood-based biomarkers to guide cancer diagnosis and prognosis in many reports. The huge challenge which limits the clinical utility of CTCs, especially in early stage cancer patients, is the rarity. Specifically, there are only 1-10 CTCs in one milliliter of whole blood. Methods: A microfluidic CTC capture device was used for capture and analysis of CTCs from gastric cancer patients. The patients’ samples were referred to the regulation of ethnic commission of Shenzhen People’s Hospital and informed parental consent for the study. CTCs were collected by cells adherent culture using the CCC medium. Immunofluorescence, karyotyping and mude mouse tumorigenesis were used to verify the CTCs. Results: A epithelial phenotype cell cluster which named S-CTC came out in the 24-well plate after 8 days. S-CTC cells can steadily formed clones and showed stem-cell like properties. Positive rate of CD133 were reached to 4.7% which demonstrated by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence identification of S-CTC were DAPI-positive, Cytokeratin-positive, and CD45-negative. The karyotyping results indicated that the chromosomes were aneuploidthe, the chromosome number of S-CTC varied from 55 to 63. Also S-CTC presented a larger nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and limitless replicative potential. Furthermore, the S-CTC had huge sphere formation ability, the tumorigenesis of S-CTC cells can be happened by xenografting in immunodeficient mice. Conclusion: A cell S-CTC were successfully isolated and cultured by the technology microfluidic chip. S-CTC was identified using a series of analysis and can be confirmed to be the tumor cell, which would be provide more drug sensitivity information of the patient and open up novel avenues towards the understanding of gastric cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Huirong Zhang, Pan Zhao, Han Wu, Chang Zou. Ex vivoisolation and culture of circulating tumor cells using microfluidics chip [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 418.
Hirsutism
Authors: R A Sheehan-Dare
Journal: BMJ (1990)

is therefore unclear, but screening certainly merits consideration given the cost of long term antiandrogen therapy for hirsutism compared with that of dexamethasone.A diagnosis of 21 -hydroxylase deficiency would prevent the patient from being exposed to the potential adverse effects of long term treatment and may also avoid the necessity for infertility treatment.
Smell
Authors: Brett DiGiovanna
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

On Being a Doctor5 November 2002SmellBrett DiGiovanna, BABrett DiGiovanna, BAFrom Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York, NY 10033Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-9-200211050-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This particular elderly couple impressed me. Their walls were flooded with pictures. Mrs. Rosen was the artist of the family. Small talk, a check-up visit, and then the social worker and I got up to leave. I had only listened and watched, having been introduced as a medical student. Mr. Rosen looked at me and asked if I still took anatomy, telling me that medical students were spoiled. I asked him why. “The formaldehyde,” he replied, “you never had to smell a rotting body on a battlefield.”Suddenly his face became alive. His inquiry was an expression of a pained ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; New York, NY 10033Corresponding Author: Brett DiGiovanna, 205 Pinehurst Avenue, Apartment 2A, New York, NY 10033; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySynthesis and anti-microbial activities of choline-like quaternary ammonium chlorides 5 November 2002Volume 137, Issue 9Page: 768-769KeywordsDeoxyadenosine monophosphateElderlyEmotionsFallsFirearm injuriesMouthShouldersSmellStrokeWheelchairs ePublished: 5 November 2002 Issue Published: 5 November 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Surveillance and outcomes after curative resection for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC).
Authors: Di Maria Jiang, Chihiro Suzuki, Osvaldo Espin-Garcia, Charles Henry Lim, Lucy Xiaolu Ma, Peiran Sun, Hao-Wen Sim, Akina Natori, Bryan Anthony Chan, Daniel Yokom, Stephanie Moignard, Eric Xueyu Chen, Geoffrey Liu, Carol Jane Swallow, Gail Elizabeth Darling, Rebecca Wong, Raymond Woo-Jun Jang, Elena Elimova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e15579 Background: Although commonly performed, evidence supporting routine surveillance testing (SvT) in patients (pts) with resected GEAC is lacking. We evaluated patterns of relapse, frequency of salvage therapy and outcomes among pts with resected GEAC who underwent surveillance. Methods: Between 2011 and 2016, 210 consecutive pts with GEAC followed at Princess Margaret Cancer Center after resection were reviewed. SvT was any investigation performed in the absence of pt-reported symptoms, abnormal physical exam findings, or bloodwork. Relapse patterns were classified as locoregional (LRR; surgical anastomosis/gastroesophageal lumen/regional nodes) or distant (DR; beyond locoregional). Time-to-relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from initial diagnosis, post recurrence survival (PRS) from initial relapse. Results: Median age was 64.1 years. Esophageal (14%), gastroesophageal junction (40%), and gastric adenocarcinomas (45%) were treated with surgery alone (29%), surgery plus perioperative chemotherapy (26%) or surgery plus chemoradiation (45%). SvT included imaging (71%), endoscopy (19%), tumor markers (6%), and clinical visits alone (9%). After median follow-up of 38.3 months (mo) (range 5.6-122.3), 3- and 5-year OS rates were 68% (95% confidence interval (CI) 62-75%) and 56% (95% CI 49-64%) respectively. Among 97 relapses (46%), 51 were detected by SvT, 45 by symptoms. Relapse patterns included LRR alone (4%), DR alone (86%) and both (10%). The majority of relapses (93%) occurred within 3 years. Pts with SvT-detected relapse had similar median TTR (16.2 vs 13.3 mo, p = 0.40) but longer PRS (16.5 vs 4.6 mo, p &lt; 0.001) and OS (36.2 vs 23.7 mo, p = 0.004) than pts with symptomatic relapse. Salvage therapy in 4 pts (2%) resulted in post recurrence disease-free survival ≥2 years. Duration of palliative chemotherapy was similar between 28 pts with SvT-detected relapse and 18 pts with symptomatic relapses (3.9 vs 3.3 mo, p = 0.64). Conclusions: Following curative resection, 96% of relapses were distant. Routine SvT rarely enabled successful salvage therapy and did not extend duration of palliative chemotherapy. Longer OS in SvT-detected relapses was not due to earlier disease detection. These findings do not support routine SvT in pts with resected GEAC.