tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum Carotenoids and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Dexter L. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relationship between total serum carotenoid levels and the risk of subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) events. <h3>Design.</h3> —New analysis of a cohort from the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial and Follow-up Study (LRC-CPPT). The LRC-CPPT was a multicenter placebo-controlled trial of cholestyramine resin and CHD with a follow-up period of 13 years. Serum carotenoids were measured at baseline. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The placebo group of the LRC-CPPT, which consisted of 1899 men aged 40 to 59 years with type II-a hyperlipidemia and without known preexisting CHD, cancer, or other major illnesses. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Nonfatal myocardial infarctions and deaths attributable to CHD ascertained from hospital records, autopsy reports, and death certificates and reviewed by a panel of cardiologists. <h3>Results.</h3> —After adjustment for known CHD risk factors including smoking, serum carotenoids were inversely related to CHD events. Men in the highest quartile of serum carotenoids had an adjusted relative risk (RR) of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44 to 0.92) compared with the lowest quartile. For men who never smoked, this RR was 0.28 (95% CI, 0.11 to 0.73). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The LRC-CPPT participants with higher serum carotenoid levels had a decreased risk of incident CHD. This finding was stronger among men who never smoked. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1439-1441)
Cancer Risks from Arsenic in Drinking Water
Authors: Allan H. Smith, Claudia Hopenhayn-Rich, Michael N. Bates, Helen M. Goeden, Irva Hertz-Picciotto, Heather M. Duggan, Rose Wood, Michael J. Kosnett, Martyn T. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Ingestion of arsenic, both from water supplies and medicinal preparations, is known to cause skin cancer. The evidence assessed here indicates that arsenic can also cause liver, lung, kidney, and bladder cancer and that the population cancer risks due to arsenic in U.S. water supplies may be comparable to those from environmental tobacco smoke and radon in homes. Large population studies in an area of Taiwan with high arsenic levels in well water (170-800 micrograms/L) were used to establish dose-response relationships between cancer risks and the concentration of inorganic arsenic naturally present in water supplies. It was estimated that at the current EPA standard of 50 micrograms/L, the lifetime risk of dying from cancer of the liver, lung, kidney, or bladder from drinking 1 L/day of water could be as high as 13 per 1000 persons. It has been estimated that more than 350,000 people in the United States may be supplied with water containing more than 50 micrograms/L arsenic, and more than 2.5 million people may be supplied with water with levels above 25 micrograms/L. For average arsenic levels and water consumption patterns in the United States, the risk estimate was around 1/1000. Although further research is needed to validate these findings, measures to reduce arsenic levels in water supplies should be considered.
Rejuvenation of Cultures of Tissues
Authors: Alexis Carrel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The duration of the life of cultures of tissues, up to now, has been very brief. In approximately from three to fifteen days after the preparation of the culture, the growth becomes progressively less rapid until it stops altogether. Following this, the tissues die and the cells disintegrate. It may easily be supposed that senility and death of tissues are not a necessary phenomenon and that they result merely from accidental causes, such as accumulation of catabolic substances and exhaustion of the medium. The suppression, then, of these causes should bring about the rejuvenation of the arrested culture and thus increase considerably the duration of its life. As it would be important, for many reasons, to keep tissues alive outside of the organism for a long period of time, I attempted to develop a method for the rejuvenation of the cultures of tissues. The rejuvenation consists in removing from the
S37 Myd88 deficiency influences murine tracheal epithelial metaplasia and submucosal gland abundance
Authors: A. Giangreco, L. Lu, D. Mazzatti, B. Spencer-Dene, E. Nye, V. Teixeira, S. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Tracheal epithelial remodelling, excess mucus production, and submucosal gland hyperplasia are features of numerous lung diseases, yet their origins remain poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested that NF-?B signalling may regulate airway epithelial homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether deletion of the NF-?B signalling pathway protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) influenced tracheal epithelial cell phenotype. We compared wild-type and Myd88-deficient or pharmacologically inhibited adult mouse tracheas and determined that in vivo Myd88 deletion resulted in increased submucosal gland number, secretory cell metaplasia, and excess mucus cell abundance. We also found that Myd88 was required for normal resolution after acute tracheal epithelial injury. Microarray analysis revealed that uninjured Myd88-deficient tracheas contained 103 transcripts that were differentially expressed relative to wild-type and all injured whole tracheal samples. These clustered into several ontologies and networks that are known to functionally influence epithelial cell phenotype. Comparing these transcripts to those expressed in airway progenitor cells revealed only five common genes, suggesting that Myd88 influences tracheal epithelial homeostasis through an extrinsic mechanism. Overall, this study represents the first identification of Myd88 as a regulator of adult tracheal epithelial cell phenotype.
Physician's Duty to Husband and Syphilitic Wife.
Authors: None H. S. B.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Kearney, Neb., April 14, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you please enlighten me as to my duty in the following matter. About three months since, a married lady came to this city to visit her parents. She and her husband had been living in a distant State. A few weeks after her arrival here, she called upon me for advice concerning a rash which practically occupied the entire cutaneous surface. Her mother accompanied her at the first call. Each of them insisted on knowing my diagnosis. In the presence of her mother I stated that she had a papular eczema of which she could be relieved within the course of a month. Within a few days the patient called alone, when I told her she had syphilis, and this papular eruption was one of its constitutional manifestations. She did not manifest any surprise and thanked me for my discretion before
DANGER OF UNPROTECTED FIREPLACES.
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improved life expectancy for children with exstrophy of the bladder
Authors: M. T. Macfarlane
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Life-table techniques demonstrate a 98% ten-year survival, a 96% 20-year survival, and a 91% 35-year survival of children with exstrophy of the bladder. These figures represent a vast improvement over the earlier figures, due in large part to technical advances that have been made in the areas of surgery, anesthesia, and antibacterial and metabolic therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>242:442-444, 1979)
Breast cancer prediction and the Wolfe classification of mammograms
Authors: T. Carlile
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Mammographic parenchymal patterns have been proposed as a method of determining women at high risk of developing breast cancer. Wolfe's original report of relative risks as high as 37:1 for "dysplastic" breasts (DY) as compared with adipose breasts (N1), with intermediate values of P1 and P2, were not uniformly confirmed by others. (Relative risks are used here as the equivalent of odds ratios.) A case-control study of 706 breast cancers, each with two matching controls, drawn from 40,000 participants in four Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project clinics, was conducted to assess the role of the Wolfe classification of breast parenchymal patterns as a breast-cancer risk factor together with a set of well-established risk factors for breast cancer. Relative risks of 3.1 for DY to N1, 3.5 for P2 to N1, and 2.0 for P1 to N1 were determined. These are comparable to or greater than other known risk factors found in the same population. The Wolfe classification of parenchymal patterns strengthens the basis for clinical judgment, but should not be used exclusively to determine intervention in an individual patient's care. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1050-1053)
Abstract 2024: Obesity induces breast cancer cell invasion through stromal secretion of IGF-1
Authors: Lauren Hillers, Joseph D'Amato, Tamara Chamberlin, Gretchen Paderta, Lisa Arendt
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Obese women diagnosed with breast cancer have an increased risk for metastasis, and the underlying mechanisms are not well established. Within the mammary gland, adipose stromal cells (ASCs) are a group of heterogeneous cells with the capacity to differentiate along multiple mesenchymal lineages. ASCs are recruited and activated within tumors, but it is unknown how obesity may influence ASCs in both normal and cancerous tissue. To study the effects of obesity on ASCs, we isolated the stromal vascular fraction from the mammary glands of mice fed either a control diet (CD) or high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity and plated the cells to select for adherent growth. We observed that obesity increased ASCs proliferation, decreased differentiation potential, and upregulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of activated fibroblasts, compared to ASCs from lean mice. To determine how ASCs from obese mice impacted tumor growth, we mixed ASCs isolated from CD- or HFD-fed mice with mammary tumor cells, Met-1 cells, and transplanted them into the mammary glands of lean FVB female mice. Tumors cells mixed with ASCs from obese mice grew significantly larger tumors and had increased invasion into surrounding adipose tissue than tumor cells mixed with control ASCs. To study the effects of factors secreted by ASCs on tumor cell behavior, we collected conditioned media (CM) from lean and obese ASCs and treated Met-1 cells. Compared with lean ASCs, obese ASCs expressed higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), which has been implicated in tumor cell invasion. Met-1 cells treated with recombinant IGF-1 were more invasive than vehicle-treated cells. In addition, Met-1 cells treated with obese ASCs CM supplemented with an IGF-1 neutralizing antibody had significantly reduced invasion, compared to controls. Weight loss induced in obese mice significantly decreased expression of IGF-1 from ASCs and reduced the ability of the ASCs to induce an invasive phenotype. Together, these results suggest that obesity enhances local invasion of breast cancer cells through increased expression of IGF-1 by mammary ASCs, and weight loss may reverse this tumor-promoting phenotype. Citation Format: Lauren Hillers, Joseph D'Amato, Tamara Chamberlin, Gretchen Paderta, Lisa Arendt. Obesity induces breast cancer cell invasion through stromal secretion of IGF-1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2024.
Significance of serum hepatitis C virus core protein level in patients with chronic hepatitis C , 1Department of Medicine, Nagoya City University of Medical School, Nagoya, Japan, 2Section of Hepatobiliary Diseases, University of Florida, USA. 3Liver Unit, The Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, Japan, 4Department of Microbiology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Japan
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
Venous ulcers.
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Leading Articles MEDIBALJUSH is to look through a filter of density 4.5-" This means that a filter should not transmit more than one part in 30,000 of the total solar radiation."But who knows whether a filter, especially if improvised, has the right density ?In fact the best way for the amateur observer to see an eclipse is by projecting its image through a pin-hole on to a sheet of card or paper,' which may be black' or white.6Venous UlcersThe treatment of varicose veins and their complications is always a matter of controversy, and though it is a good sign
THE BIOLOGIC VALUE OF WHEAT PROTEINS
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CA19-9 decrease and overall survival (OS) in the NAPOLI-1 trial of liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) ± 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV) in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) previously treated with gemcitabine-based therapy
Authors: L-T Chen, A. Wang-Gillam, Y-S Shan, T. Macarulla Mercade, J.F. Blanc, R. Hubner, C-F Chiu, G. Schwartsmann, J. Siveke, B. Belanger, F. de Jong, K. Mamlouk, D. von Hoff
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Council on Medical Education and Hospitals
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 13962: Large Exome Data Questions the Role of 14 Genes Previously Associated With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nina Nouhravesh, Gustav Alhberg, Peter E Weeke, Morten S Olesen
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been associated with hundreds of genetic variants across 62 genes. These associations are now being questioned by large control populations in which these variants are found with high allele frequencies. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that genetic variants previously associated with DCM are overrepresented in the population-based ExAC database when taking the prevalence of the disease into account. Hence, we aimed to identify potentially false-positive variants previously associated with DCM. Methods: We identified all previously DCM associated variants in The Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). We then systematically searched for these in the ExAC database containing exome data on 61.000 individuals. In addition, we performed a PolyPhen-2 prediction on all variants, including those not found in the ExAC database. Results: We identified 148 (31%) out of 473 variants previously associated with DCM in ExAC. These variants included eight stop-gain variants, eight splice variants and 132 missense variants. The 148 variants affected 7.928 alleles corresponding to a genotype prevalence of 1:7 in the ExAC population. Thirty-five variants were found in 25 or more alleles, corresponding to a DCM genotype prevalence of 1:8 Furthermore, we identified all variants previously associated with DCM in 14 genes; hereof 4 genes only contained variants above our estimated allele frequency (25:61000). Polyphen-2 analysis predicted 53 (36%) variants to be benign in the ExAC population compared with 53 (16%) among variants not found in ExAC (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, we identified much higher genotype prevalence of previously DCM associated variants than expected in the exome data from ExAC. More importantly we found 4 genes in which all previously identified variants were found with relative high allele frequencies, questioning the association of these genes with the monogenic form of DCM.
Trials of automatic implantable defibrillator proceeding well
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Implanted in a human abdomen, the cigarette pack-sized device continuously monitors cardiac rhythm. The occurrence of an arrhythmia, however, jolts it into action, resulting in the delivery of as many as four low-energy defibrillatory pulses to the heart. Clinical evaluation of this automatic implantable defibrillator is still in progress at Stanford (Calif) Medical Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and, soon, some other centers. But, according to Mieczyslaw (Michel) Mirowski, MD, associate professor of medicine at Hopkins and director of the coronary care unit at Sinai Hospital, Baltimore, so far, so good. The model being tested costs about $6,000 and is manufactured under the trademark AID by Medrad/ Intec Systems Inc, Pittsburgh, which helped design it. Since 1980, the device has been implanted in 43 persons who already had survived "at least two episodes of arrhythmic cardiac arrest not associated with acute myocardial infarction," says Mirowski, who
Development of nanoparticles with ‘improved drug loading’ for local delivery to the brain in the treatment of medulloblastoma
Authors: Mrs Rashidat Animasawun, Dr Martin Garnett, Prof David Walker
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Poor CNS penetration by cancer drugs limits their application in sensitive brain tumours such as medulloblastoma. An alternative approach, delivering drugs directly to residual tumour using nano particulate delivery systems (NPDS) could reduce some of these problems. The main challenges hindering the clinical translation of the use of NPDS for local delivery of drugs to the residual tumour are inadequate drug loading and erratic release. This study focusses on understanding the conditions required for the development of a NPDS with sufficient drug loading for post-surgical delivery to the residual tumour. This was done by selecting known effective drugs; Etoposide, etoposidephosphate and teniposide and matching them with modified poly (glycerol) adipate based polymers based on the interactions observed between them. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements and drug release experiments have been used to screen the drugs and substituted PGA based polymers. Based on the interactions observed, polymers were matched with the specific drugs. Two types of drug nanoparticles were prepared from these combinations. Drug loaded matrix polymer nanoparticles (NP) were prepared by an interfacial deposition method and a novel process of applying a polymer coating to drug nanoparticles, polymer coated drug nanoparticles (PCDNP) was also developed. The following drug loading results were obtained for etoposide (NP:5%, PCDNP: 77%) and teniposide (NP: 23%, PCDNP: 32%). This systematic approach to monitor drug and polymer interactions to match polymers to drugs resulted in the formulation of nanoparticles with higher drug loading. Keywords: Medulloblastoma, Nanoparticles, Etoposide, Etoposide phosphate, Teniposide, Poly(glycerol)-adipate
Clinical Pediatrics, Philadelphia
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ineffective Erythropoiesis in β-Thalassemia Is Characterized by Increased Iron Absorption Mediated by down Regulation of Hepcidin and up Regulation of Ferroportin.
Authors: Sara Gardenghi, Maria Marongiu, Pedro Ramos, Ella Guy, Laura Breda, Amy Chadburn, Yifang Liu, Gideon Rechavi, Ninette Amariglio, E.A. Rachmilewitz, Diedra Wrighting, Nancy C. Andrews, Maria de Sousa, Patricia Giardina, Robert W. Grady, Stefano Rivella
Journal: Blood (2006)