tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Syringe and Needle Regulation, Blood-Borne Disease Transmission, and Concern for Public Safety
Authors: Gerald Friedland
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The intertwined epidemics of injection drug use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease have been recognized worldwide.<sup>1</sup>In parts of the world where these 2 medical and public health problems coexist, it appears that the unavailability of sterile needles and syringes plays a key role in accelerating HIV transmission. It is important for the medical profession to appreciate the reasons for this unavailability. In my experience, while physicians and others involved in the medical care of injecting drug users (IDUs) with HIV disease may be aware of the medical complications of drug use, most clinicians remain less knowledgeable about the behavioral factors associated with HIV disease transmission among IDUs,<sup>2</sup>and almost all physicians are completely unaware of the legal and institutional structures that overarch HIV transmission events in this population. Much of the burden of disease among IDUs and their contacts is the direct or
BELGIUM
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Universal Vaccination for Hepatitis B
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients6 November 2001Effects of Universal Vaccination for Hepatitis BSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-9-200111060-00005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver caused by a virus. The virus spreads from person to person through contact with infected body fluids. For example, the virus can be spread through sexual intercourse or contaminated needles or blood or from mother to baby at birth. Most people with hepatitis B recover within a few months, but some develop chronic inflammation, permanent scarring (cirrhosis), or liver cancer. Vaccines that contain small amounts of dead or altered virus can boost the body's normal defense (immune) system and help ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Children and Adolescents in a Hyperendemic Area: 15 Years after Mass Hepatitis B Vaccination.” It is in the 6 November 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 135, pages 796-800). The authors are Y-H Ni, M-H Chang, L-M Huang, H-L Chen, H-Y Hsu, T-Y Chiu, K-S Tsai, and D-S Chen.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHepatitis B Virus Infection in Children and Adolescents in a Hyperendemic Area: 15 Years after Mass Hepatitis B Vaccination Yen-Hsuan Ni , Mei-Hwei Chang , Li-Min Huang , Huey-Ling Chen , Hong-Yuan Hsu , Tai-Yuan Chiu , Keh-Sung Tsai , and Ding-Shinn Chen Metrics 6 November 2001Volume 135, Issue 9Page: I-53KeywordsAdolescentsBloodChildrenHepatitis AHepatitis BImmune systemInflammationLiverVaccinesYoung adults ePublished: 6 November 2001 Issue Published: 6 November 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Newborn
Authors: Jody Bolz
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The house officer. An employee or colleague?
Authors: M. Kaliner
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The question of the need for a legal agreement or contract between hospitals and their house staff is the suggested focus for this discussion, but inherent in it are much deeper and more meaningful questions. These include: what are the basic rights of a house officer; how defined must his and the hospital's role be; and finally, who should determine the answer to these questions. For the time being I shall circuitously avoid the primary question and focus on the latter parts before suggesting an answer to the problem of contracts. Interns and residents provide the manpower for this nation's university and municipal hospitals, thereby delivering the primary medical services to our huge urban populations. To his patients, the house officer is their doctor with all the responsibilities inherent therein; to his medical students, he is a supervisor, instructor, and, because of the very intimacy of the relationship, the model
Disseminated varicella complicating ulcerative colitis
Authors: J. K. Keene
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Disseminated varicella is an uncommon complication of ulcerative colitis, despite the frequent use of steroid therapy in this disorder. Fatal varicella infection occurred in a patient with ulcerative colitis who was receiving steroid therapy. This observation suggests that zoster-immunoglobulin should be administered to patients exposed to varicella with ulcerative colitis who are receiving steroid therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>239:45-46, 1978)
Oral Presentations
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Enhance your working knowledge of state-of-the-art practices in the endoscopic management of patients with advanced cirrhosis, biliary tract disease, chronic cholestatic conditions, and other liver diseases-both before and after liver transplantation.The course will cover fundamental issues related to the quality and safety of endoscopic practice in the patient with liver disease, including safe administration of sedation as it relates to disease-specific issues such as coagulopathy.Participants will learn about management and prevention of variceal hemorrhage, as well as advanced endoscopic techniques such as cholangioscopy for biliary disease.
Serious Fluid Accumulation in the Brain and Lungs of Marathon Runners
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients2 May 2000Serious Fluid Accumulation in the Brain and Lungs of Marathon RunnersSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-9-200005020-00032 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Medical complications can occur in people who run long distances. One such complication is an abnormally low blood level of sodium, a salt that is present in body fluids. Low sodium levels can lead to accumulation of water in the brain (cerebral edema) and lungs (pulmonary edema). Both conditions are potentially deadly, yet little is known about these complications in runners.Why did the researchers do this particular study?Since little is known about this complication, the researchers wanted to describe what they had observed in long-distance runners ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Hyponatremia, Cerebral Edema, and Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Marathon Runners.” It is in the 2 May 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 711-714). The authors are J.C. Ayus, J. Varon, and A.I. Arieff.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHyponatremia, Cerebral Edema, and Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in Marathon Runners J. Carlos Ayus , Joseph Varon , and Allen I. Arieff Metrics 2 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 9Page: 711KeywordsBloodBrainEdemaHeartLungsNSAIDsRunningSaltsSodiumVentilators Issue Published: 2 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
TRUE HERMAPHRODITISM
Authors: John I. Brewer
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The term true hermaphrodite is used to indicate that the person is bisexual in both the gonadal and secondary sex structures. A true hermaphrodite, in the classic sense<sup>1</sup>should be able to fertilize a female, be fertilized by a male, and fertilize itself; but no such instance is authoritatively reported in the literature. The term pseudohermaphrodite indicates that the person has gonads of one sex and is bisexual in the secondary sex structures. Hinman<sup>2</sup>has classified true hermaphrodites concisely as follows: (1) bilateral: testis and ovary (ovotestis) on each side, (2) unilateral: ovotestis on one side with ovary or testis on the other side, and (3) lateral or alternating: testis on one side and ovary on the other side. The patient reported here is a true hermaphrodite of the unilateral type, according to Hinman's classification. The extreme rarity of proved instances of true hermaphroditism and the widely divergent
Hemodynamic characteristics of the intrahepatic portal vascular bed over an extended flow range: A study in the isolated perfused rat liver*1, *2
Authors: H GROSSMAN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The relationship between the perfusion pressure (P) and resistance (R) of the intrahepatic portal vascular bed was determined in isolated rat liver preparations perfused with fresh, heparinized rat blood (hematocrit 30%), with rat blood containing a vasodilator agent (sodium nitroprusside, 1 × 10−3 mol/L), or with 2.5% bovine serum albumin in Krebs-Henseleit buffer (BSA-KH). Pressure-flow curves were constructed over an extended range of portal venous inflow (0 to 70 mL·min−1, corresponding to a flow rate per gram liver wet weight, Q, of approximately 0 to 7 mL·min−1·g−1). Subsequent analysis showed that two mathematical expressions adequately described the data over the full range of flow. Thus, the pressure-flow curve could be represented by (a) the sum of a linear plus a hyperbolic function, i.e., P = Q·R′ + Pmax·Q/(Q + Km), where R′, Pmax, and Km are constants, or (b) by the simple equation G = C·P, where G is the conductance (Q/P), and C is a conductivity constant. The values of R′, Pmax, Km, and C were significantly different under each of the circumstances investigated, but the form of the curve was not altered. Hence, it is proposed that these parameters can be used to describe the fundamental hemodynamic properties of the portal vascular bed of the isolated rat liver. The results are discussed in terms of the microvascular recruitment and distensible resistance vessel models of the hepatic microcirculation.
LIMITS OF NORMALITY OF THE DUODENAL MUCOSA
Journal: Gut (1969)

The aim of a symposium on duodenal biopsy held in Genoa on 28 June was to delimit the diagnostic signifi- cance of the histological criteria of the duodenal mucosa with particular emphasis on the limits of normality.Under the chairmanship of Professor R. Cheli (Genoa), papers were read by H. Koch (Erlangen), Z. Maratka (Prague), V. Percic (Subotica), and M. Shiner (London).Recent methods of obtaining small intestinal mucosal samples have led to findings which are conflicting with those of earlier investigators.This applies also to the interpretation of duodenal biopsies where it is difficult to define the limits of normality.In the older literature the normal duodenal villi were well defined and usually regular, though shorter than those of the jejunum, the crypts of Galeazzi-Lieberkuhn were short and straight, and the Brunner glands appeared sometimes above but usually below the muscularis mucosae.The presence of a few infiltrating cells was documented.Biopsy experience of the normal duodenal mucosa has shown that there is great variability.One encounters villi of different height, branched, fused forms, or shapes with flattening of their tips.This histological picture has been better understood by the use of the stereo-microscope which allows a more global look at the mucosal surface.With this method the variability of the duodenal mucosa is easily confirmed since normally one encounters fingers, leaves, tongues, and even ridges.This physiological variability may be due, in part, to the contraction of the underlying muscle fibres and in particular of the muscularis mucosae.It is further determined by the aspiration technique and by fixation and orientation of the specimens.Histological examination of normal villi has shown that the height of the villi varies from 114 to 700 microns,
Restrictions on Doctor in South Africa
Journal: BMJ (1968)

As regards the suggestion that there should be 100 full-time "A" doctors, my feeling is that there has been misunderstanding here.At the outset it was indicated that if fulltime doctors were to run the new service this could be done by between 80 and 100 doctors, but I am not of the view that it was ever intended that the new service should be run by full-time doctors, but by part-time, as at present, and that the number required would be about 400 instead of the present 1,600 to 2,000.It is a known fact that at present 80% of all appointed factory doctors' work is carried out by 20% of the appointed factory doctors-namely, about 400.Far from accepting our demise with equanimity, we view the new service as a challenge, and a worth-while job for us to carry out with skill and experience.-Iam, etc.,
&lt;TITLE&gt;Leukemia&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Lise Stevens, Cassio Lynm, Richard Glass
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The JAMA Patient Page is a public service of JAMA.The information and recommendations appearing on this page are appropriate in most instances, but they are not a substitute for medical diagnosis.For specific information concerning your personal medical condition, JAMA suggests that you consult your physician.This page may be reproduced noncommercially by physicians and other health care professionals to share with patients.Any other reproduction is subject to AMA approval.
Inhaled Concentrated Ambient Particles Are Associated with Hematologic and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Changes in Canines
Authors: Robert W. Clarke, Brent Coull, Ulrike Reinisch, Paul Catalano, Cheryl R. Killingsworth, Petros Koutrakis, Ilias Kavouras, Gopala Gazula Krishna Murthy, Joy Lawrence, Eric Lovett, J. Mikhail Wolfson, Richard L. Verrier, John J. Godleski
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Pulmonary inflammatory and hematologic responses of canines were studied after exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) using the Harvard ambient particle concentrator (HAPC). For pulmonary inflammatory studies, normal dogs were exposed in pairs to either CAPs or filtered air (paired studies) for 6 hr/day on 3 consecutive days. For hematologic studies, dogs were exposed for 6 hr/day for 3 consecutive days with one receiving CAPs while the other was simultaneously exposed to filtered air; crossover of exposure took place the following week (crossover studies). Physicochemical characterization of CAPs exposure samples included measurements of particle mass, size distribution, and composition. No statistical differences in biologic responses were found when all CAPs and all sham exposures were compared. However, the variability in biologic response was considerably higher with CAPs exposure. Subsequent exploratory graphical analyses and mixed linear regression analyses suggested associations between CAPs constituents and biologic responses. Factor analysis was applied to the compositional data from paired and crossover experiments to determine elements consistently associated with each other in CAPs samples. In paired experiments, four factors were identified; in crossover studies, a total of six factors were observed. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and hematologic data were regressed on the factor scores. Increased BAL neutrophil percentage, total peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts, circulating neutrophils, and circulating lymphocytes were associated with increases in the aluminum/silicon factor. Increased circulating neutrophils and increased BAL macrophages were associated with the vanadium/nickel factor. Increased BAL neutrophils were associated with the bromine/lead factor when only the compositional data from the third day of CAPs exposure were used. Significant decreases in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels were correlated with the sulfur factor. BAL or hematologic parameters were not associated with increases in total CAPs mass concentration. These data suggest that CAPs inhalation is associated with subtle alterations in pulmonary and systemic cell profiles, and specific components of CAPs may be responsible for these biologic responses.
System of Practical Medicine, by American Authors.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

We have no hesitancy in pronouncing this system one of the best that has lately appeared; one altogether creditable to American medicine. In its pathology it is modern, in its treatment conservative and in diagnosis accurate and exhaustive. The careful reader will find himself fully informed of the latest teachings of the time and consequently well equipped for his daily work. As a work of reference it will be found very satisfactory, and the practitioner will make no mistake who follows its teachings closely. The only criticism we make in relation to the book is that the old system of dosage is unfortunately adhered to throughout the volume.
MENTAL RETARDATION
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal