tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P149: A Large-scale Multi Ethnic Study of a Direct Measure of Insulin Sensitivity Demonstrates That South Asians are the Most Insulin Resistant Ethnic Group in the US
Authors: Monica S Divakaruni, Fahim Abbasi, Manisha Desai, Cynthia A Lamendola, Latha Palaniappan, Gerald M Reaven, Themistocles L Assimes
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a known risk factor for heart disease. Few studies have compared race/ethnic differences in IR using ‘gold standard’ direct measures of insulin sensitivity. Methods: A total of 892 non-diabetic subjects (548 White, 106 South Asian, 103 East Asian, 86 Hispanic and 49 Black) underwent a 4-hour insulin suppression test (IST) as a part of various IR related studies at Stanford over the last ∼20 years. We used generalized estimating equations assuming an exchangeable correlation structure to determine the association between race/ethnicity and steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) derived from an IST, accounting for correlation of outcomes among subjects from the same study. We similarly determined whether differences in plasma triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels among race/ethnic groups could be explained by differences in SSPG. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Results: Significant differences among the race/ethnic groups in SSPG were observed (p &lt;0.001). South Asians were the most insulin resistant group with a mean increase in SSPG of 38 mg/dL, compared to whites after controlling for age, sex, and BMI, a difference equivalent to ∼1/2 of the standard deviation of SSPG. East Asians were the next most resistant group (mean +33 mg/dl SSPG compared to whites) followed by Hispanics (+20 mg/dl), Whites, and Blacks (−7 mg/dl). South Asians were the only group with significantly higher TG (mean +1.16 fold, p=0.04) and lower HDL (−3.0 mg/dl, p=0.02) levels compared to whites but these differences were no longer evident after controlling for SSPG. In contrast, Blacks had significantly lower TG (mean 0.8 fold, p = 0.006) compared to whites, but this difference was not at all mitigated after adjusting for SSPG. Blacks also had no significant differences in HDL compared to whites. Conclusions: Direct measures of insulin sensitivity suggest that South Asians are the most insulin resistant race/ethnic group in the US even after adjusting for the principal determinants of IR. IR may be largely responsible for differences in TG and HDL observed between South Asian and other race/ethnic groups. The etiologies behind differences in insulin sensitivity across race/ethnic groups remain to be determined.
Higher prevalence of hepatitis E virus in autoimmune hepatitis: the role of false positive antibodies
Authors: Laura Patricia Llovet, Jordi Gratacós-Gines, Oswaldo Ortiz, Sergio Rodriguez-Tajes, Sabela Lens, Enric Reverter, Estibaliz Ruiz-Ortiz, Josep Costa, Odette Viñas, Xavier Forns, Albert Parés, Maria Carlota Londoño
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Pathogenesis of pelvic inflammatory disease. What are the questions?
Authors: P. A. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Pelvic inflammatory disease is usually caused by<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>or<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. Chlamydiae and gonococci are primary pathogens of the cervix and often ascend. Resultant damage to the cervix may permit organisms to move upward, but this mechanism of action is not well understood. Puberty and hormones, particularly oral contraceptives, may enhance chlamydial infection, but the mechanisms and likelihood of spread to the upper tract are ill defined. Upper tract infection with<i>C trachomatis</i>involves an acute phase, characterized by an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a chronic or persistent phase characterized by the presence of mononuclear cells (delayed hypersensitivity). Gonococci invade nonciliated epithelial cells, but are toxic to ciliated cells, due to elaborated lipooligosaccharides and peptidoglycan. Certain gonococci stimulate chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes whose release of toxic metabolites may damage tissue. The immunologic mechanisms that permit specific host responses to these two organisms are now being elucidated and should receive more attention by researchers. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2587-2593)
Correction
Journal: Circulation (2009)

of the numbers cited do not match those used in the final version of the article being discussed.On page 1781, first full paragraph, line 7, the P value should read "PϽ0.001"rather than "PϽ0.00001."On line 8, "19 versus 12%" should be replaced by "18 versus 12%."Starting on line 12, the text beginning, "During a median follow-up of 2.5 years . . .." should be replaced by the following through to the end of the paragraph: "At 4 years follow-up, all-cause mortality was 2-fold higher in patients with older thrombus compared with patients with fresh thrombus (16.0%versus 7.4%, hazard ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 2.85, Pϭ0.008).In a landmark survival analysis, this higher mortality rate of patients with older thrombus versus those with fresh thrombus was apparent during the first 14 days (5.7% versus 2.4%; Pϭ0.009) but not after 14 days (11% versus 5.2%, Pϭ0.20).In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the presence of older thrombus was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality at 4 years (hazard ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 2.93, Pϭ0.01) next to well known risk factors such as female gender, age Ͼ60 years, diabetes mellitus, previous coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiogenic shock, and poor postprocedural TIMI flow."These changes have been made to the current online version of the article.
Electronic Patient Monitoring Has Its Problems, AHA Told
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE STATISTIC EVIDENCES OF THE VALUE OF VACCINATION TO THE HUMAN RACE, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.
Authors: EUGENE FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Proposition 10.</h3> If the operation of vaccination be done with due regard to the rules of modern aseptic surgery, with due regard to the health of the individual vaccinated, and proper precautions be observed in obtaining and using vaccine lymph, there need be no apprehension that vaccination will injure health or communicate any disease other than vaccinia. Antivaccinists seriously contend that: "Vaccination propagates syphilis, consumption and hereditary diseases, which appear years afterward at their appointed time. It produces immediately erysipelas, and aggravates the disorders of childhood, destroying the germs of the teeth during teething. It is especially productive of mesenteric and glandular diseases, and lies at the foundation of the shameful mortality of whooping cough." Mr. P. A. Siljestrom (who the<i>Vaccination Enquirer</i>, the journal of the antivaccinists, says is "one who has mastered the vaccination question") states, "It has been proved that disease (especially erysipelas and syphilis) and death
Breast-feeding
Authors: R. N. C. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Methods to deconvolve single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data are necessary for samples containing a natural mixture of genotypes and for scRNAseq experiments that multiplex cells from different donors<sup>1</sup>. Multiplexing across donors is a popular experimental design with many benefits including avoiding batch effects<sup>2</sup>, reducing costs, and improving doublet detection. Using variants detected in the RNAseq reads, it is possible to assign cells to the individuals from which they arose. These variants can also be used to identify and remove cross-genotype doublet cells that may have highly similar transcriptional profiles precluding detection by transcriptional profile. More subtle cross-genotype variant contamination can be used to estimate the amount of ambient RNA in the system. Ambient RNA is caused by cell lysis prior to droplet partitioning and is an important confounder of scRNAseq analysis<sup>3</sup>. Souporcell is a novel method to cluster cells using only the genetic variants detected within the scRNAseq reads. We show that it achieves high accuracy on genotype clustering, doublet detection, and ambient RNA estimation as demonstrated across a wide range of challenging scenarios.
NORWAY
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Role of Individual Susceptibility in Cancer Burden Related to Environmental Exposure
Authors: Helmut Bartsch, Eino Hietanen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Individual susceptibility to cancer may result from several host factors including differences in metabolism, DNA repair, altered expression of protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and nutritional status.Since most carcinogens require metabolic activation before binding to DNA, variations in an individual's metabolic phenotype that have been detected in enzymes involved in activation and detoxification should play an essential role in the development of environmental cancer.This phenotypic metabolic variation has now been related to genetic polymorphisms, and many genes encoding carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes have been identified and cloned.Consequently, allelic variants or genetic defects that give rise to the observed variation and new polymorphisms have been recognized.Development of simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR)based assays has enabled identification of an individual's genotype for a variety of metabolic polymorphisms.Thus, recent knowledge of the genetic basis for individual metabolic variation has opened new possibilities for studies focusing on increased individual susceptibility to environ- mentally induced cancer, which are reviewed with special reference to smoking-induced lung cancer.Cancer susceptibility due to chemical exposure is likely to be determined by an individual's phenotype for a number of enzymes (both activating and detoxifying) relevant to that of a single carcinogen or mixtures of carcinogens.Given the number and variability in expression of carcino- gen-metabolizing enzymes and the complexity of chemical exposures, assessment of a single polymorphic enzyme (genotype) may not be sufficient.Mutations in the p53 gene are among the most common genetic changes in human cancer.The frequency and type of p53 mutations can act as a fingerprint of carcinogen exposure and may therefore provide information about external etiological agents, intensity of exposure, and host factors affecting the tumorigenesis process.In human lung cancer, p53 mutations (both the mutation pattern and frequency) have been linked with tobacco smoking; the type of mutation most frequently observed is G:C to T:A transversion, a mutation preferentially induced by benzo[alpyrene diol epoxide.An association between the presence of this transversion and the genotype deficient in glutathione S-transferase Mi-mediated detoxification has been observed in lung cancer.Taken together, these findings suggest that determination of metabolic at risk genotypes in combination with levels of DNA adducts in target (surrogate) tissues and the p53 mutation pattern should allow the identification of susceptible individuals and subgroups in carcinogen-exposed populations.
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JAMA 100 Years Ago
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Members of the House of Delegates
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errant genes.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Inborn Errors of Metabolism: Professor Harry Harris, F.R.S., discusses their genetical basis and the impetus their study has given to re- search (p.321).Leader at this page.Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Post-mortem immnunological studies of the lungs suggests that bronchiolitis in infants may be an ana- phylactic reaction (p. 327).Leader at p. 317.L-Dopa in Parkinsonism: Encouraging results reported in review of treatment of 32 patients (p. 331).Ointment Hazard: Wasting of napkin area after repeated use of fluorinated steroid ointment (p.347).Other Clinical Studies: Adrenal response in hypothyroidism (p. 337),blood-flow meas- urement in haemodialysis (p. 340),coeliac axis compression (p. 342; leader at p. 317), and defibrination and scorpion venom (p. 345).Live Rubella Vaccine: Leader on present posi- tion (p.319).Peripheral Neuropathy: Refresher course article (p. 349).Intravenous Feeding: What to use (p. 352).
Influence of ranitidine on plasma metoprolol concentrations.
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Hypocholesterolaemia and cancer?SIR,-The largest study so far was not mentioned in Dr K G Taylor's leading article (21 May, p 1598).In an international collaborative analysis,' which included a large UK centre, we found that the association with a low serum cholesterol concentration was not specific for colon cancer and that it was almost entirely short term.(table).It seems that the main, and Mean difference in cholesterol concentrations and number of deaths Mean cholesterol difference (mmol/l) Period of follow up (years) All cancers Colon cancer 1 -0-75 (70) -0-65 (4) 2-5 -0-10 (616) -0-23 (41) 6-10 -0-05 (798) +0-08 (60)Conversion: SI to traditional units-Cholesterol: 1 mmol/l 38-7 mg/100 ml.Values in parentheses = number of deaths.
Prophylactic antibiotics in simple hand lacerations
Authors: J. A. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A randomized, prospective study of 265 patients with hand lacerations was carried out to define the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the management of simple, sutured wounds of the hand. Two hundred sixty-five patients were followed up until suture removal or satisfactory wound healing. There were a total of three infections (1.1%). There were no noticeable differences in the incidence of infection in the antibiotic and placebo treatment groups. It is concluded that prophylactic antibiotics are an unnecessary adjunct in the treatment of simple lacerations of the hand and no replacement for meticulous wound management. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1055-1056)
Lead Toxicity: Current Concerns
Authors: Robert A. Goyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Over the 20-year period since the first issue of Environmental Health Perspectives was published, there has been considerable progress in the understanding of the potential toxicity of exposure to lead. Many of these advances have been reviewed in published symposia, conferences, and review papers in EHP. This brief review identifies major advances as well as a number of current concerns that present opportunities for prevention and intervention strategies. The major scientific advance has been the demonstration that blood lead (PbB) levels of 10-15 micrograms/dL in newborn and very young infants result in cognitive and behavioral deficits. Further support for this observation is being obtained by prospective or longitudinal studies presently in progress. The mechanism(s) for the central nervous system effects of lead is unclear but involve lead interactions within calcium-mediated intracellular messenger systems and neurotransmission. Effects of low-level lead exposure on blood pressure, particularly in adult men, may be related to the effect of lead on calcium-mediated control of vascular smooth muscle contraction and on the renin-angiotensin system. Reproductive effects of lead have long been suspected, but low-level effects have not been well studied. Whether lead is a carcinogen or its association with renal adenocarcinoma is a consequence of cystic nephropathy is uncertain. Major risk factors for lead toxicity in children in the United States include nutrition, particularly deficiencies of essential metals, calcium, iron, and zinc, and housing and socioeconomic status. A goal for the year 2000 is to reduce prevalence of blood lead levels exceeding 15 micrograms/dL.
Highlights
Authors: Howard Bauchner, Stephen Devries
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Complications of Treatments for Gestational Diabetes 1773Oral glyburide is a less burdensome therapy for gestational diabetes than subcutaneous insulin, but glyburide may increase the risk of neonatal morbidity.Sénat and colleagues for the Groupe de Recherche en Obstétrique et Gynécologie randomized 914 patients with gestational diabetes and failed to show that glyburide is as safe as insulin.In an Editorial, Coustan and Barbour suggest that additional research on glyburide dosing is needed.
Incentives to Help Smokers
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal