Abstract CT115: Phase II study of dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083) in patients with MGMT-unmethylated, bevacizumab-naïve recurrent glioblastoma
Authors: Barbara O'Brien, John De Groot, Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, Shiao-Pei Weathers, Jeffrey Bacha, Dennis Brown, Anne Steino, John Langlands, Richard Schwartz, Sarath Kanekal, Lorena Lopez, Marta Penas-Prado
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain cancer. Current standard-of-care includes surgery followed by concurrent therapy with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ) and maintenance TMZ. Almost all GBM patients experience recurrent/progressive disease, and median survival after recurrence is 3-9 months. Effective therapies for recurrent GBM (rGBM) are lacking, representing a significant unmet medical need. The unmethylated promoter for O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) is a validated biomarker for TMZ-resistance and is correlated with poor prognoses. Second-line treatment with the anti-angiogenic agent bevacizumab (BEV) has not improved survival, and 5-year survival is less than 3%. VAL-083 is a bi-functional DNA-targeting agent that rapidly induces interstrand cross-links at N7-guanine, leading to DNA double-strand breaks and cell-death. VAL-083’s cytotoxicity is independent of MGMT status, and VAL-083 overcomes TMZ-resistance in GBM in vitro and in vivo models. We previously completed a 3+3 dose-escalation trial of VAL-083 in TMZ- and BEV-refractory rGBM. 40mg/m2/day given on days 1-3 of a 21-day cycle was generally well-tolerated, and this dose was selected for further clinical evaluation in Phase II trials. The trial described here is an ongoing single-arm, biomarker-driven Phase II trial in MGMT-unmethylated BEV-naïve adult rGBM. In this trial, patients are receiving VAL-083 at 30 or 40mg/m2/day on days 1-3 of a 21-day cycle. Tumor response is assessed by MRI approximately every 42 days, per RANO criteria. The primary objective of this study is to determine if VAL-083 improves median overall survival (mOS) for MGMT-unmethylated rGBM patients compared to a historical mOS of 7.1 months for such patients treated with lomustine (EORTC26101). Secondary efficacy endpoints include progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), duration of response (DOR), and quality-of-life (QOL) evaluation using the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Brain Tumor Module (MDASI-BT) self-reporting tool. Thirty-five (35) subjects have received 40 mg/m2/day VAL-083 as the starting dose. Consistent with prior studies, myelosuppression (thrombocytopenia and neutropenia) is the most common adverse event in this study, and we observed that a higher potential for myelosuppression appears to be inversely correlated with the number of cycles of prior TMZ maintenance therapy, (&amp;gt;5 cycles vs. ≤5 cycles, p&amp;lt;0.05). Therefore, to minimize the potential for hematological toxicity in patients who have had significant prior TMZ maintenance therapy, subsequent patients in this study have initiated treatment with a starting VAL-083 dose of 30 mg/m2/d x 3 every 21 days. Earlier initiation of maintenance treatment with VAL-083 in the therapeutic management plan, in lieu of maintenance TMZ in MGMT-unmethylated GBM patients is currently under consideration. Enrollment, safety data and protocol updates will be provided at the meeting. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02717962. Citation Format: Barbara O'Brien, John De Groot, Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, Shiao-Pei Weathers, Jeffrey Bacha, Dennis Brown, Anne Steino, John Langlands, Richard Schwartz, Sarath Kanekal, Lorena Lopez, Marta Penas-Prado. Phase II study of dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083) in patients with MGMT-unmethylated, bevacizumab-naïve recurrent glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT115.