tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
'If we're so good, why aren't we better?' Social expectations of medicine in the 1980s
Authors: D. E. Detmer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

As we enter a new decade, it is timely to reflect on some of the changing health needs and expectations of our patients. These needs and expectations are necessarily mandating changes in the attitudes and habits of today's physicians, changes that should be incorporated into formal medical education. What are the changing expectations regarding the manner in which health care is provided? First, far more people are interested in knowing far more about their medical problems. The explosion in medical knowledge has generated a parallel eruption of curiosity about medicine. More patients want to share the responsibility for their medical treatment; fewer and fewer are of the "Don't-tell-me-about-it, just-fix-me-up, Doc" mentality. They want to be treated as subjects rather than as objects; with concern and candor rather than with ostensible or real condescension. More patients will wish to be convinced that their physician does, indeed, know of what he speaks,
Pregnancy Tests
Authors: Stanley L. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

Friedman Test 10 This technic was developed within a few years of the original mouse test and represents a modification employing rabbits in place of mice. It is based on the principle that female rabbits ovulate only upon stimulation by the male and, therefore, do not spontaneously ovulate or have corpora hemorrhagica. The administration of gonadotropin likewise produces ovulation and corpora hemorrhagica, and hence their presence after the administration of urine indicates a positive pregnancy reaction.The technic for the performance of the test is composed of the intravenous administration of first morning urine into the ear vein with examination of . . .
Assessment of the longevity of the liver using a rat transplant model
Authors: Y Sakai
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To assess the longevity of the liver, arterialized, orthotopic liver grafts were performed using syngeneic male BN/BiRij rats. Young (5-month-old) livers were transplanted into 5-month-old recipients (group I, n = 27), and old (28-month-old) livers were transplanted into 5-month-old rats (group II, n = 28). Recipient survival after transplantation was similar in both groups. The average age of the livers at the time of death was 16.7 months in group I and 39.1 months in group II. Four of the livers in group II survived for more than 4 years (48.1 to 52.4 months). Early deaths (less than 1 year) after transplantation were most commonly caused by biliary obstruction and cholangitis in both groups. Late deaths (more than 1 year) after grafting were mainly from heart failure or tumors. None of the animals died of liver failure or liver disease. Weight gain in the rats, total serum protein levels, and alanine transaminase levels after transplantation did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was a trend for the histological features of aging of the liver—fibrosis, bile duct proliferation, and pigment deposition—to become more prevalent as the livers became very old (mean age, 46 months). Nevertheless, typical aging changes, as individual findings, were absent in nearly half of the oldest organs. The alterations in morphology had no apparent effect on the ability of the livers to sustain the lives of the recipients. The liver of the BN/BiRij rat was capable of surviving far beyond the maximum life span of BN/BiRij rats, and rats in general. It did not become diseased in the process.
A Handbook of Radiography
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is remote disease associated with Candida infection a tomato?
Authors: W. J. Turner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The correspondence between Crook,<sup>1</sup>Edwards<sup>2</sup>and Coleman<sup>3</sup>recalled to me an almost forgotten history. The idea that intestinal putrefaction is a source of human ills can be traced to the ancients; I note only the connotations of "choleric" temperament and of "black bile." In the French court the clyster was in great demand. Purging was long a treatment for whatever came along, and laxatives are still found in nearly every household in the Western world. In the early years of this century, Abderhalden devised tests designed to identify and to measure degrees of autointoxication. In the second decade Cotton was famous for removing intestines of patients with "dementia praecox." Between 1930 and 1960 a large number of studies, especially by Baruk<sup>4</sup>and his school, purported to relate psychoses to neurotoxins produced by more or less specific strains of<i>Escherichia coli</i>. An annotated bibliography is
Group B Streptococcal Sepsis
Authors: Steven M. Opal
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with great interest the article by Schwartz et al<sup>1</sup>that describes the incidence and clinical spectrum of group B streptococcal infection in adults. Their findings in a metropolitan population in 1982 through 1983 were similar to those we reported earlier<sup>2</sup>over a 10-year period in our hospital: a high case-fatality rate (32% in their study) as well as an increased risk of infection in patients with cancer and diabetes. The 38% case-fatality rate among 29 patients with bacteremia in our study occurred despite appropriate therapy, often with combinations that included β-lactam agents and aminoglycosides. Twenty-eight percent of these patients presented in septic shock, while 80% of the fatalities occurred within 48 hours of the first blood isolate of group B streptococcus organisms. The majority of group B streptococcal infections in adults in our hospital appeared to be of nosocomial origin.
School-Associated Suicides—United States, 1994-1999
Journal: JAMA (2004)

During 1994-1999, at least 126 students carried out a homicide or suicide that was associated with a private or public school in the United States. Although previous research has described students who commit school-associated homicides, little is known about student victims of suicide. To describe the psychosocial and behavioral characteristics of school-associated suicide victims, CDC analyzed data from school and police officials. The results of that analysis indicated that, among the 126 students who carried out school-associated homicides or suicides, 28 (22%) died by suicide, including eight who intentionally injured someone else immediately before killing themselves. Two (7%) of the suicide victims were reported for fighting and four (14%) for disobedient behavior in the year preceding their deaths; none were associated with a gang. However, potential indicators of suicide risk such as expressions of suicidal thoughts, recent social stressors, and substance use were common among the victims. These findings underscore the need for school staff to learn to recognize and respond to chronic and situational risk factors for suicide.
Bezlotoxumab (Zinplava) for Prevention of Recurrent <i>Clostridium Difficile</i> Infection
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of Screening Tests to Assess Cancer Risk and to Estimate the Risk of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma
Authors: Takashi Yanagawa, Shinkan Tokudome
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

We developed methods to assess the cancer risks by screening tests. These methods estimate the size of the high risk group adjusted for the characteristics of screening tests and estimate the incidence rates of cancer among the high risk group adjusted for the characteristics of the tests. A method was also developed for selecting the cut-off point of a screening test. Finally, the methods were applied to estimate the risk of the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.
Abstract 1066: Cardiac-restricted Disruption of Supressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 Leads to Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a gp130 Independent Manner
Authors: Toshitaka Yajima, Hideo Yasukawa, Hanbing Zhou, Tomoko Yajima, Byung-Kwan Lim, Knowlton Kirk
Journal: Circulation (2007)

We recently reported that cardiac-restricted overexpression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) markedly increases cardiac myocyte susceptibility to virus infection. This suggests that endogenous SOCS3 also has significant biological effect in the cardiac myocyte. To understand physiological role of SOCS3 in the cardiac myocyte, we generated cardiac-specific SOCS3 knockout mice. The mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio, but developed cardiac dysfunction (%FS; wt: 45±2.6 vs. ko: 31±4.5, mean±SE, n=8, p=0.017, 5-month-old) estimated by echocardiogram from 5 months of age and died with signs of dyspnea by 7 months of age. Postmortem analysis revealed significant pleural effusions and ascites, consistent with the presence of heart failure. Histological analysis showed that the heart has a thin left and right ventricular walls with chamber dilatation; however, typical findings of a myopathic heart such as myocyte disarray, inflammation and fibrosis were only rarely observed. Ultrastructure analysis of the dilated heart samples showed intact myofibrils, mitochondria, intercalated discs and gap junctions, suggesting that the myocyte had non-structural abnormalities that led to functional impairment. Unexpectedly calcium transients in the isolated adult myocytes from the failing hearts were significantly increased as compared to those from age-matched normal hearts (Fura-2 intensity ratio 340/380 nm; wt: 0.44±0.01 vs. ko: 0.54±0.01, mean±SE, n=3, p&lt;0.0002), suggesting the decreased calcium sensitivity of SOCS3 deficient myocytes. We also observed spontaneous ventricular tachycardia in the knockout mice by telemetry analysis. Since SOCS3 has been reported to be a crucial negative-feedback regulator of gp130 signaling in vivo, we sought to determine whether the phenotype is due to overactivation of cardiac gp130 signaling. While gp130 downstream signaling such as STAT3, ERK and AKT pathways were significantly activated in the knockout heart, cardiac-specific knockout of both gp130 and SOCS3 did not rescue the dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. Conclusion: These results indicate that a gp130-independent mechanism is responsible for the dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs in SOCS3 deficient hearts.
Standardization and CD-ROM
Authors: J. Trail
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I thank Dr Trail for his comments and compliment him on his knowledge of CD-ROM. The intent of my article was to provide physicians with an overview of this new technology and to avoid details that might be confusing and uninteresting. The medium of CD-ROM (the disks themselves) is totally standardized and therefore the drives that play the disks are also standardized. This situation stands in sharp contrast to that of other optical technologies, in which there continues to be lack of standardization of the medium. We are well aware of the split between videocassette recorders (Beta vs VHS) and videodisk systems (CED, Laser-Vision, and VHD). Such problems do not exist with CD-ROM, and this is the point. Dr Trail is correct in saying that there are levels of standardization beyond the physical level. Even though CD-ROM is standardized as a computer peripheral, personal-computer operating systems are not
OP0058 Efficacy of Sildenafil on Ischaemic Digital Ulcer Healing in Systemic Sclerosis: The Placebo-Controlled Seduce Study
Authors: E. Hachulla, P.-Y. Hatron, P. Carpentier, C. Agard, E. Chatelus, P. Jego, L. Mouthon, V. Queyrel, A.-L. Fauchais, U. Michon-Pasturel, R. Jaussaud, A. Mathian, B. Granel, E. Diot, D. Farge-Bancel, A. Mekinian, J. Avouac, H. Desmur-Clavel, P. Clerson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Previous data suggested an effect of sildenafil on digital ulcer (DU) healing in Scleroderma (SSc) patients, which needed to be validated in a large randomized controlled study. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the effect of sildenafil, a PDE-5 inhibitor, on DU healing in SSc. <h3>Methods</h3> Randomised, placebo-controlled study in SSc patients to assess the effect of sildenafil 20 mg or placebo, 3 times daily for 12 weeks on ischaemic DU healing. The primary endpoint was the time to healing for each DU. Time to healing was compared between groups using Cox models for clustered data (two-sided tests, p=0.05). <h3>Results</h3> Intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis involved 83 patients with a total of 192 DUs (89 in the sildenafil group and 103 in the placebo group). The hazard ratio (HR) for DU healing was 1.33 [0.88 to 2.00] (p=0.18) and 1.27 [0.85 to 1.89] (p=0.25) when adjusted for the number of DUs at entry, in favour of sildenafil. In the per protocol (PP) population, the HRs were 1.49 [0.98 to 2.28] (p=0.06) and 1.43 [0.93 to 2.19] p=0.10. The mean number of DUs per patient was lower in the sildenafil group compared to the placebo group at week (W) 8 (1.23±1.61 versus 1.79±2.40 p=0.04) and W12 (0.86±1.62 versus 1.51±2.68, p=0.01) resulting from a greater healing rate (p=0.01 at W8 and p=0.03 at W12). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The primary endpoint was not reached in ITT, partly because of an unexpectedly high healing rate in the placebo group. We found a significant decrease in the number of DUs in favour of sildenafil compared to placebo at W8 and W12, confirming a sildenafil benefit. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We gratefully acknowledge the Groupe Francophone de Recherche sur la Sclérodermie (GFRS), and the French Scleroderma Patients9 Association (Association des Sclérodermiques de France [(ASF]) which helped to distribute the study protocol to its members. This study was supported by an unrestricted research grant from PFIZER. The sponsor had no role in the design of the study, the collection and analysis of the data, or in the preparation of the manuscript. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> E. Hachulla Grant/research support from: PFIZER, P.-Y. HATRON: None declared, P. CARPENTIER: None declared, C. AGARD: None declared, E. CHATELUS: None declared, P. JEGO: None declared, L. MOUTHON: None declared, V. QUEYREL: None declared, A.-L. FAUCHAIS: None declared, U. MICHON-PASTUREL: None declared, R. JAUSSAUD: None declared, A. MATHIAN: None declared, B. GRANEL: None declared, E. DIOT: None declared, D. FARGE-BANCEL: None declared, A. MEKINIAN: None declared, J. AVOUAC: None declared, H. DESMUR-CLAVEL: None declared, P. CLERSON: None declared
Corrigendum to ‘ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008’ [Eur Heart J 2008;29:2388–2442 and Eur J Heart Fail 2008;10:933–989]
Authors: Kenneth Dickstein, Alain Cohen‐Solal, Gerasimos Filippatos, John J.V. McMurray, Piotr Ponikowski, Philip Alexander Poole‐Wilson, Anna Strömberg, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Dan Atar, Arno W. Hoes, Andre Keren, Alexandre Mebazaa, Markku Nieminen, Silvia Giuliana Priori, Karl Swedberg
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Plant-based Compound Slows Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Plant-based Compound Slows Breast Cancer in a Mouse Modelthe natural plant compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PeItC) hinders the development of mammary tumors in a mouse model with similarities to human breast cancer progression, according to a study published August 2 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.edible plants are gaining ground as chemopreventative agents.PeItC has shown to be effective as a chemopreventative agent in mice for colon, intestinal, and prostate cancer, by inducing apoptosis.In order to determine the efficacy of PeItC in mammary tumors in mice, Shivendra V. Singh, Ph.D., of the university of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and colleagues, placed mice on two diets: a control diet, and a diet supplemented with PeItC for 29 weeks.the researchers performed histopathological assessments, and measured the incidence and size of the mammary tumors, along with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and neoangiogenesis, which were determined in tumor sections.
Epiphysial Fracture of the Proximal Humerus
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. William Simon: This 15-year-old schoolboy entered the emergency room of the Massachusetts General Hospital one hour after sustaining an injury to the left shoulder. The patient had been playing football and, after making a block, fell on the left shoulder. He had been in good health prior to the injury. There was a history of hypersensitivity to penicillin. At the time of physical examination, he appeared as a healthy boy with the left upper extremity supported in a sling. There was no compromise of neurovascular supply to the left hand or forearm. The left shoulder was markedly swollen and diffusely tender over the proximal humerus. Any motion of the shoulder exaggerated pain. The arm was held at the side in slight abduction. Roentgenograms were taken which showed an epiphysial fracture of the proximal left humerus with a large metaphysical component (Fig 1). Following a sedative dosage of meperidine hydrochloride,
Correction
Authors: M Allwood, H Everley, R Smith, G Simon, M Atkinson, G Grant, J Marsh, Mr Rose, Robert Jones, Agnes Hunt, P Watkins, Mr Hayes, M Parkinson, L Abramowitz, D Davey, J Tomlinson, J Anderson, D Beckitt, M Geal, P Cocker, Way They, Work Malleson, Daisy Penfold, M Sawiris
Journal: BMJ (1968)
Neoplasia TH177 TH186
Authors: Vitro Andrevev, P Ross, D Cunningham, P Clarke, M Novelli, I Williamson, Ipm Tomlinson, G Elia, S Hodgson, I Talbot, W Bodmer, Hrh Pate, A Hewer, D Phillips, F Campbeli, H Wasan, H Park, K Lui, N Mandir, A Winnett, P Sasieni, R Goodlad, N Wright, S Vollset2, J Ardill, E El-Omar, K Melby3, S Aase', E Jellum3, K Mccoll, M _Urm, M Pgmte, J Calm, Mcq Ll, J Gillen
Journal: Gut (1997)

Introduction: Mutations of the Kirsten ras (Ki-ras) gene are present in 1 out of every 3 patients with colorectal cancer.Their presence is associated with worse outcome but they do offer an unique target for molecular therapies such as antisense.For, it is known that replacement of mutated with wildtype Ki-ras, at least in-vitro, reduces cell malignant behaviour.This study targeted the glycine to valine Ki-ras codon 12 mutation with antisense oligonucleotide therapy.Of all possible Ki-ras mutations, this particular one carries the worst prognosis.Method: Seven different, 17 nucleotide, phosphodiester backbone, phosphorothioate capped antisense molecules were tested.A cell free system was used to examine each oligonucleotide's efficacy at inducing RNase H cleavage of the mute mRNA.Wild type and codon 13 mutated mRNA were used as controls.These same oligonucleotides were also screened against 3 colorectal carcinoma cell lines in culture: SW480 with the target mutation, HT29 with wildtype Ki-ras and LoVo with a codon 13 mutation.Cells were permeabilised with streptolysin 0 and treated with 10 microM of each oligonucleotide.Thymidine incorporation into DNA measured the effect of a single dose on cellular DNA synthesis.Protein expression was examined by Western blotting.Each oligonucleotide was tested at least 12 times against each cell line.Every experiment included permeabilised control cells which were not treated with the antisense oligonucleotide.Results: Reduction in thymidine incorporation after a single dose of oligonucleotide varied from 5-32% in treated SW480 target cells but was minimal or not seen in the 2 control cell lines.Cleavage of mRNA seen in the cell free svstem correlated with results obtained with cells in culture.In somc cases, antisense molecules could cleave both target and control mRNA.However, the most effective molecule in the cell line assay specifically cleaved the target but not the control mRNA.Conclusions: Antisense oligonucleotides targeting point mutations in Ki-ras mRNA have selective activity.This has been demonstrated in a ccll free system and in cell culture.Efficacy of individual oligonucleotide designs cannot be predicted empirically, but the most effective inhibition seen in cell culture appears to occur because of seiective RNase H cleavage.
Section 47.—Alcaptonuria (Ochronosis)
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal