tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TYRANNY OF WORDS IN MEDICINE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Positive end expiratory pressure in adults
Authors: J. H. Shelhamer
Journal: JAMA (1984)

DURING the last 15 years, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been increasingly used in the therapy for some forms of acute respiratory failure in adults. Effective use of PEEP, however, is predicated on an understanding of pulmonary mechanics, cardiopulmonary physiology, and the pathophysiology of the diseases to which this therapy is applied. <h3>Respiratory Mechanics</h3> At the end of tidal volume exhalation in a spontaneously breathing person, the amount of air remaining in the lung, the functional residual capacity (FRC), is determined by two opposing factors: (1) the tendency of the chest wall to expand, and (2) the tendency of the lung to collapse (elastic recoil). These two opposing factors cause the pressure in the pleural space to be negative (≈-5 cm H<sub>2</sub>O). Tidal volume ventilation then begins at FRC with inspiratory musculature causing the volume of the thorax to increase, resulting in a more negative intrapleural pressure;
Hepatitis E virus shedding in semen of chronically, but not acute HEV infected individuals
Authors: Thomas Horvatits, Martin Groschup, Johanna Grönmeyer, Martin Eiden, Lisa Dähnert, Karoline Rutter, Rabea Lübke, Francis Ayuk, Michael Sabranski, Meike Rybczynski, Ansgar Lohse, Marylyn Addo, Eva Herker, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Marc Luetgehetmann, Sven Pischke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Reply:
Authors: Richard K. Sterling
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Thank you for the interest and positive response to our article on the FIB-4 index, a simple, noninvasive model of readily available data to predict advanced fibrosis in patients coinfected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV).1 As concluded in a recent review by Donald Rockey, "The development of safe, inexpensive, and reliable noninvasive fibrosis measurement tools remains a research priority in clinical hepatology."2 Although several models to achieve this goal have been developed, some require additional tests that are not routine3 while others, like the FIB-4 index, use readily available tests.4 A recent study comparing several noninvasive models in patients with chronic HCV found similar performance between FibroTest, Fibroscan, and AST:Platelet ratio index (APRI).5 Similarly, Sebastiani observed similar overall performance comparing FibroTest and APRI.6 Although our model was not developed in patients with HCV alone, we have no reason to think it would not work equally as well as it did in those with coinfection.7-9 We are happy to see that the FIB-4 index performed extremely well with an area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.85 in this large cohort of patients with HCV alone. Similar to our study in coinfected patients,1 approximately 70% of the 919 biopsies were correctly classified, and the FIB-4 showed excellent concordance with the FibroTest. Although we did not show our data, we found that the FIB-4 index outperformed APRI in our coinfected population to predict significant fibrosis (AUROC 0.76 versus 0.70; P = .039). On the basis of these corroborative results, the simplicity of our model, and the ability to calculate this index at the bedside with readily available data, we agree that there is little reason to obtain more expensive tests to predict hepatic fibrosis in the majority of patients with chronic HCV with or without HIV coinfection. Richard K. Sterling M.D.*, * Section of Hepatology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA.
Epidemiological and virological assessment of influenza activity in Europe, during the 2004-2005 winter
Authors: A Meijer, W J Paget, T J Meerhoff, C S Brown, L. E. Meuwissen, J Van Der Velden, Collective European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS)
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

The 2004-2005 influenza season in Europe started in late December 2004 and the first influenza activity occurred in the west and southwest (Spain, United Kingdom and Ireland). Influenza activity then moved gradually east across Europe during January and early February 2005, and from late February until late March, most movement was south to north. The intensity of clinical influenza activity in ten out of 23 countries was higher than during the 2003-2004 season, and lower or equal to the 2003-2004 season in the other 13 countries. The highest consultation rates were generally observed among children aged 0-14 years. However, the peak consultation rates due to influenza-like illness or acute respiratory infection were not especially high when compared with historical data. The predominant virus strain was influenza A (83% of total detections) of the H3 subtype (85% of H-subtyped A viruses), with fewer influenza B (17% of total detections) or A(H1) viruses (15 % of H-subtyped A viruses) detected. The vast majority of A(H3) viruses were similar to the reference strains A/Wellington/1/2004 (H3N2) and, subsequently, A/California/7/2004 (H3N2) that are closely related drift variants of the A/Fujian/411/2002 (H3N2) prototype vaccine strain. The B viruses co-circulated with A viruses during the whole influenza season in 11 out of 24 countries. Seven of these were located in the northeast of Europe and in these countries the proportion of B viruses was higher (range: 31-60%) than in the rest of Europe (range: 6-26%). In 13 out of 24 countries the B viruses circulated relatively late in the season. About 43% of all antigenically characterised B viruses were B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like (B/Victoria/2/87 lineage), a strain that is distinguishable from the vaccine influenza B strain, which was a B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage virus. Based on the viruses detected worldwide until February 2005, the World Health Organization modified the composition of the 2005-2006 influenza vaccine from the 2004-2005 season vaccine to include a new A(H3N2) component: an A/California/7/2004 (H3N2)-like virus.
皮肌炎的发病机制
Authors: C. Thompson, V. Piguet, E. Choy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

皮肌炎是一种不常见的疾病,其特点是肌肉皮疹和炎症,可导致严重的虚弱,有时会造成呼吸和吞咽困难。在这项研究中,来自威尔士加的夫的作者回顾了这种潜在严重疾病的成因。与其他自身免疫性疾病一样,皮肌炎被认为是由遗传和环境因素共同作用的结果。一些基因(如 HLA B 类等位基因)与皮肤肌炎有关,并且特定基因与产生独特抗体密切相关,而这些抗体又与特定类型的疾病有关。一些环境因素触发皮肤肌炎的发展。其中包括紫外线、维生素 D 缺乏、感染和潜在的癌症(尤其是老年人)。药物(尤其是他汀类药物)可以引起肌炎(肌肉炎症),而全身类固醇可引起肌肉无力,但症状通常在减少药物后有所改善。皮肌炎涉及多种免疫因素。肌肉活检显示有炎症,其中有大量被称为淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞的 T 细胞,他们导致组织损伤。此外,一些自体抗体似乎针对肌肉,也会损害肌肉细胞。有增加血液中的一些细胞因子(TNFα 等分子)也会引发炎症。因此,许多不同的遗传因素和环境因素结合在一起可以触发皮肌炎的发展。
The New Swedish Pharmacopeia.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deep Structures
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypofractionated whole breast IMRT and brachytherapy boost after conservative surgery for breast cancer: Early results of a prospective non-randomised trial.
Authors: Ines Guix, Ivan Garcia, Diego Alcaraz, Sandra Rubio Diez, Albert Abad Esteve, Jose Maria Del Campo, Jordi Antoni, Saioa Gorostidi, Miquel Prats, Luis Quinzaños, Teresa Guix, Jose Ignacio Tello, Benjamin Guix
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

560 Background: To report the early results obtained in a prospective group of patients (pts) treated with whole breast IMRT radiotherapy plus brachy. boost to tumor bed after conservative surgery (CS), given either with hypofractionated or normofractionated radiotherapy. Methods: Between 10/2008 and 06/2016, 1,277 pts with < 4cm, N0-2 breast cancers treated with CS entered the study. Pts were offered to be treated either with IMRT hypofr. whole breast and lymph areas (if needed) radiotherapy 42.6 Gy (266cGyx16) plus a 7 Gy brachy. boost, (hypofractionated group) or IMRT normofr. 50 Gy (200cGyx25) to the whole breast and lymph areas (if needed) plus 16 Gy brachy. boost (200cGyx8) (normofractionated group). Treatment assignation was done according to the pts preference or, if none, were randomly assigned to have both groups uniformly balanced. Systemic therapy was given as needed. During treatment and follow-up special attention was taken to early and late side-effects, breast fibrosis, arm lymphedema, skin reaction, patient satisfaction and local, regional and distant disease control. Results: A total of 638 pts were included in the hypofractionated group and 639 in the normofractionated group. All pts completed treatment. Pts were evaluated in a weekly basis during treatment and every 3 months for the first 2 years of follow-up and in a yearly basis after. Photographs were taken at each visit. SOMA-LENT scales were used in every visit. For quality of life EORTC QLQ-C30 plus the BR-15 module were used. No patient had adverse side-effect that required treatment ending in any group. In the hypofract. group, there were 10 local recurrence, 11 distant metastases and 6 death due to the disease. In the normofract. group there were 12 local recurrences, 9 distant metastases and 7 patients died due to the disease. Conclusions: Hypofractionated IMRT to the whole breast followed by a 1 fraction HDR breast implant was a safe and effective method of treatment for early breast cancer treated with conservative surgery, even in those patients N+ in which the supraclavicular fossa was included in the treatment fields. Patient satisfaction was greater in the hypofractionated group.
Medicine and the care of 'public' bodies
Authors: R. L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Surgery
Authors: E. R. Bickersteth
Journal: BMJ (1883)

AssoCrATIoN,-Let me in the first insta'nce welcome you to the city of Liverpool, and congratulate you on the abuindant and richi pro- gramme of subjects that will occupy our attention in the Section of Surgery.I do not intend to take up your time by an address on any special subject connected with our Section; that, indeed, is not expected nor required of the President of a Section.The Council, in its wisdom, decided that the Address in Surgery should be given by one not occupying the presidential chair.They have selected my friend and colleague in the Royal Infirmary, MNr.Reginald Harrison, for this duty; and we have heard from him much that will interest, and, I doubt not, muchi that will encourage and cheer, us in the work to which we have devoted our lives-the advancement of surgery as a science and as an art, the relief of human suffering, and the promotion, in short, of whatever tends to render life happier and longer, and freer from the discomforts and pains which, whether necessary or not, certainly exist.Sanitary science has, as we all know, made enormous strides during the last few years; but Liverpool remains as it always has
ACCREDITATION OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS-- PROBLEMS OF SUCCESS
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The development of effective procedures for the examination and accreditation of medical schools in the U.S. is an outstanding example of the establishment and improvement of educational standards through voluntary, and nongovernmental efforts. The process by which this is done by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education and the 2 professional bodies which it represents, the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals of the AMA and the Executive Council of the Association of American Medical Colleges, is described briefly in this issue. These same standards elsewhere in the world are commonly provided and enforced by governmental agencies. Indeed, one of the most difficult matters for visiting foreign physicians to understand about American medicine is the lack of uniform, all inclusive, national regulations. While our system may be less tidy than others, it is a fact that most of these visitors are here because the United States is recognized as having
Asymptomatic Gallstones
Authors: George Hunter Myers
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1989Asymptomatic GallstonesGeorge Hunter Myers, MDGeorge Hunter Myers, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-7-573_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: As Friedman and colleagues (1) point out, decision analysis provides answers to questions that cannot or will not be answered by traditional clinical studies. It relies on existing studies and estimates that may be flawed to determine probabilities, but it uses a wide variation of event probabilities to strengthen the conclusions.At a recent meeting of our medicine housestaff journal club, we reviewed the article by Friedman and colleagues (1) on asymptomatic gallstones in diabetic patients. After struggling with the methodology of a decision analysis and agreeing with the conclusions, one resident asked, "How many diabetic patients...Reference1. FriedmanRobertsBrettMarton LMAK. Management of asymptomatic gallstones in the diabetic patient: a decision analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:913-9. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1989Volume 110, Issue 7Page: 573-573KeywordsDecision analysis Issue Published: 1 April 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Effects of Mustard Gas, Ionizing Radiation, Herbicides, Trauma, and Oil Smoke on US Military Personnel: The Results of Veteran Studies
Authors: T. Bullman
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (1994)

In recent decades, there has been remarkable growth in scientific research examining the multiple ways in which racism can adversely affect health. This interest has been driven in part by the striking persistence of racial/ethnic inequities in health and ...Read More
Abstract P2-02-02: The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 promotes glutamine metabolism in tumors by activating the transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ
Authors: DN Edwards, VM Ngwa, S Wang, E Shiuan, DM Brantley-Sieders, LC Kim, AB Reynolds, J Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Malignant tumors reprogram cellular metabolism to support cancer cell proliferation and survival. Although most cancers depend on a high rate of aerobic glycolysis, many cancer cells also display addiction to glutamine. Glutamine transporters and glutaminase activity are critical for glutamine metabolism in tumor cells, and upstream regulatory signaling pathways may represent a novel mechanism for targeted therapies in glutamine-addicted breast tumors such as Her2-overexpressing and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). We have found that the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 activated the transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ), likely in a ligand-independent manner, to promote glutamine metabolism in cells and mouse models of breast cancer. Overexpression of EphA2 induced the nuclear accumulation of YAP and TAZ and increased the expression of YAP/TAZ target genes. Inhibition of the GTPase Rho or the kinase ROCK abolished EphA2-dependent YAP/TAZ nuclear localization. Silencing YAP or TAZ reduced the amount of intracellular glutamate through decreased expression of SLC1A5 and GLS, respectively, genes that encode proteins that promote glutamine uptake and metabolism. The regulatory DNA elements of both SLC1A5 and GLS contain the consensus sequence of the TEAD family of transcription factors that are closely associated with YAP/TAZ and were bound by TEAD4 in an EphA2-dependent manner. In patient breast cancer tissues, EphA2 expression positively correlated with that of YAP and TAZ, as well as that of GLS and SLC1A5. Although high expression of EphA2 predicted enhanced metastatic potential and poor patient survival, it also rendered breast cancer cells more sensitive to glutaminase inhibition. The findings define a previously unknown mechanism of EphA2-mediated glutaminolysis through YAP/TAZ activation in breast cancer and identify potential therapeutic targets in patients. Citation Format: Edwards DN, Ngwa VM, Wang S, Shiuan E, Brantley-Sieders DM, Kim LC, Reynolds AB, Chen J. The receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2 promotes glutamine metabolism in tumors by activating the transcriptional coactivators YAP and TAZ [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-02-02.
CHOLERA BANDS FOR TROOPS.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Food and Drug Administration and medroxyprogesterone acetate. What are the issues?
Authors: A. Rosenfield
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In 1978, the Food and Drug Administration denied approval of the three-month injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for use in the United States. This decision goes against the advice of the FDA's own scientific advisory panels, as well as the rulings of the World Health Organization and the drug regulation institutions of more than 70 developed and developing countries. In response to protest from the manufacturer of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and from many health professionals, the FDA took the unusual step of scheduling a public board of inquiry to review its decision in January 1983. Reviewing the scientific literature on the risks and benefits of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, we find no reason to deny depot medroxyprogesterone acetate approval, provided that studies of its possible side effects are continued and that women use it only after having made an informed choice between this and other methods of contraception. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2922-2928)