tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Screening for HIV: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Authors: Roger Chou, Ariel K. Smits, Laurie Hoyt Huffman, Rongwei Fu, P. Todd Korthuis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Each year in the United States, 6000 to 7000 women with HIV give birth. The management and outcomes of prenatal HIV infection have changed substantially since the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force issued recommendations in 1996. Purpose: To synthesize current evidence on risks and benefits of prenatal screening for HIV infection. Data Sources: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, reference lists, and experts. Study Selection: Studies of screening, risk factor assessment, accuracy of testing, follow-up testing, and efficacy of interventions. Data Extraction: Data on settings, patients, interventions, and outcomes were abstracted for included studies; quality was graded according to criteria developed by the Task Force. Data Synthesis: No published studies directly link prenatal screening for HIV with clinical outcomes. In developed countries, the rate of mother-to-child transmission from untreated HIV-infected women is 14% to 25%. Targeted screening based on risk factors would miss a substantial proportion of infected women. “Opt-out” testing policies appear to increase uptake rates. Standard HIV testing is highly (>99%) sensitive and specific, and initial studies of rapid HIV tests found that both types of testing had similar accuracy. Rapid testing can facilitate timely interventions in persons testing positive. Recommended interventions (combination antiretroviral regimens, elective cesarean section in selected patients, and avoidance of breastfeeding) are associated with transmission rates of 1% to 2% and appear acceptable to pregnant women. Limitations: Long-term safety data for antiretroviral agents are not yet available. Data are insufficient to accurately estimate the benefits of screening on long-term maternal disease progression or other clinical outcomes, such as horizontal transmission. Conclusions: Identification and treatment of asymptomatic HIV infection in pregnant women can greatly decrease mother-to-child transmission rates.
SPINA BIFIDA.
Authors: HARRY GREENBERG
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The object of this paper is to plead for a more extended use of operative means in the treatment of spina bifida, to add another case in which the patient was successfully operated on to those already on record, and to elucidate some points in the operative technic of this condition, simplifying the operation as well as rendering it more effective. A child born with one or more vertebræ defective, and with the contents of the spinal canal protruding through that defect, is certainly a sorrowful object to thrust on a community. Left to its fate, such a child will either succumb early from rupture of the protrusion, or from an ulceration of the tumor and consequent septic spinal meningitis; or, if it survives, it is condemned to a miserable existence with paralyzed rectal and vesical sphincters and various trophic disturbances equally distressing. The case I report is of the
The Death of House Officers
Authors: Faith T. Fitzgerald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 January 1999The Death of House OfficersFaith T. Fitzgerald, MDFaith T. Fitzgerald, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-1-199901050-00036 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I cannot answer Dr. Hsu directly because I never read House of God; I had been told it mocked patients. A stressful internship might well increase the risk for suicide in someone who is depressed, but I question whether it is a cause of the depression leading to suicide in an individual without a predisposition to that state of despair. My speculation that Jeff's internship was not overwhelmingly influential in his suicide had to do with the fact that he was so short a time “in the trenches” and had been off for some time (with support) before ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoOn the Death of House Officers Faith Fitzgerald and T. Jock Murray The Death of House Officers Chi-yuan Hsu The Death of House Officers Andrew Naidech Metrics 5 January 1999Volume 130, Issue 1Page: 81KeywordsDiagnostic radiologyResidencySuicide Issue Published: 5 January 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Proposal for More Informative Abstracts of Clinical Articles
Authors: AD HOC WORKING GROUP FOR CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF THE MEDICAL LITERATURE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Medical journals are a principal source of new knowledge for clinicians. Unfortunately, articles containing valid and valuable information are often buried among others of less value. Innovations are needed to assist clinicians in finding articles that are both scientifically sound and applicable to their practices. An easily implemented, although partial, solution is for authors of articles that have clinical implications to structure their abstracts so that key aspects of purpose, methods, and results are reported with a partly controlled vocabulary and in a standardized format. This would assist clinical readers to select appropriate articles more quickly, allow more precise computerized literature searches, and facilitate peer review before publication.
Percutaneous Absorption Of Drugs
Authors: R. Stoughton
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1989)

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive HO-1 isoenzyme affords protection against programmed cell death. The mechanism ...Read More
TMIC-29. MYELOID DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS’ TRAFFICKING INTO GBM IS REGULATED BY CXCR2 SIGNALING
Authors: Neha Kamran, Padma Kadiyala, Stefanie Stallard, Mahmoud Alghamri, Felipe Nunez, Mariela-Moreno Ayala, Svetlana Stamatovic, Anuska Andjelkovic-Zochowska, Pedro Lowenstein, Maria Castro
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Survival of glioma patients treated with the current standard of care remains dismal. Immunotherapeutic approaches harnessing the cytotoxic and memory potential of the host immune system have shown great benefit in other cancers. It is imperative to develop multipronged approaches when aiming to generate a robust anti-tumor immune response. Our results show that MDSCs constitute >40% of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells. These cells express IL-4Rα, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase, programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1), and CD80, molecules that are critically involved in antigen-specific T cell suppression. MDSC depletion strongly enhanced the efficacy of herpes simplex type-I thymidine kinase (TK) plus Fms-like tyrosine kinase ligand (Flt3L)-mediated immune stimulatory gene therapy. Also, combining PDL1 or CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade greatly improved the efficacy of TK/Flt3L gene therapy. Overall, our data indicates that strategies that inhibit MDSC recruitment to the GBM TME hold great promise for increasing the efficacy of gene therapy-mediated immunotherapies for GBM. Experiments to determine the mechanism of MDSC trafficking to the TME point towards the receptor CXCR2. Microarray analysis of glioma cell lines and neurospheres showed elevated levels of CXCL1 and CXCL2 mRNA. CXCR2 inhibitor suppressed the migration of MDSCs towards GBM cells in a transwell migration assay. Conditioned media from GBM neurospheres also enhanced the permeability of an in vitro blood brain barrier model as indicated by the increased migration of size exclusion dyes. Blocking CXCR2 on endothelial cells and/or pericytes abrogated this increase in BBB permeability. Thus our data suggests that the CXCR2 receptor can regulate MDSC migration into the TME by directly impacting MDSC migration or by altering the BBB permeability. Future experiments are aimed at using the Vav-Cre mediated conditional deletion of CXCR2 on myeloid cells and pharmacological inhibition of CXCR2 to investigate its role in glioma progression in vivo.
DISPENSARY TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOUS WORKING PEOPLE.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Janet B. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This volume is the report of a symposium held in June 1970. While its qualities as a readable, integrated document reflect the brief presentations of a large number of individuals, at one point in time, in a rapidly moving field, it is, nonetheless, a milestone for the practicing obstetrician and pediatrician. A wide range of topics is covered; a particularly useful feature is the summary table in the appendix, in which are listed various genetic metabolic conditions susceptible, or potentially susceptible, to prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis, together with their major clinical and biochemical manifestations. The techniques available for prenatal diagnosis are discussed in some detail. An important contribution to the volume is the section on counseling in cases where antenatal diagnosis is involved. This important aspect is treated with sensitivity for the human values involved. A direct quotation of the first paragraph of the dust jacket provides the proper perspective
Intestinal Structure and Function Related to Toxicology
Authors: Robert K. Crane
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The study of toxic effects on small intestinal function is complicated by the integration of the activity of the small intestine with the activities of other regions of the GI tract. Also, the barrier and portal functions of the intestine are not as clearly defined as sometimes assumed. The intestinal surface functions as a barrier to the ingress of large quantities of large water soluble molecules. Lipidic substances enter the body quite readily as do small water-soluble molecules. The small intestinal surface is more a portal than a barrier, with its portal functions divided between nonspecific diffusional entry, which depends on physical properties and electric charge, and entry by specific membrane transport, which depends upon chemical structure. The implications of these properties of the small intestine for toxicological studies are stressed.
Leads from the MMWR. Progress toward achieving the national 1990 objectives for sexually transmitted diseases
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Public Service.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SKIN ERUPTIONS CAPABLE OF CAUSING ERRORS IN DIAGNOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Disclaimer.
Authors: J. N. Upshur
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Richmond, Va., March 14, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It has just come to our notice that one J. Sills Daniels, M.D., of this city, the proprietor of a so-called cancer-cure sanitarium, and sanitarium for the treatment of diseases of women, especially obstetric cases, an asylum for the unfortunate, etc., who also offers a diploma as a member of the hospital staff for a consideration to any physician desiring it, has without our knowledge or authority, announced us as consulting physicians of the said sanitarium. We desire to stamp such a statement as a piece of unwarranted impertinence, and absolutely without any foundation in truth.
Biological Markers during Early Pregnancy: Trophoblastic Signals of the Peri-Implantation Period
Authors: Stanley R. Glasser, JoAnne Julian, M. Idrees Munir, Michael J. Soares
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The peri-implantation period extends from the time the blastocyst is free in the uterus, through the processes of recognition and attachment, to the beginning of trophoblast differentiation and the interactions between the embryo and the uterine endometrium which initiate establishment of the hemochorial placenta. It is during the peri-implantation period that the embryo and hormonally regulated endometrial cells appear to be most sensitive to factors which introduce risk into the intrauterine environment. There are no markers which can be used practically to assess pregnancy risk during the peri-implantation period of either human or laboratory rodents. Experimental studies, using in vitro laboratory models of differentiating trophoblast cells, have identified peptide hormone markers of pivotal developmental processes. Exposure of trophoblast during the expression of these processes could have severe and far-reaching effects individually and societally. While these trophoblast signals are limited in their utility with respect to health monitoring extrapolation of these findings to human pregnancy, the signals could serve to identify more practical and sensitive markers to assess risk in early gestation. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been used extensively as a marker to assess risk during the early stages of pregnancy. Extrapolation of experimental data indicates how hCG could be used more effectively in analyses of possible cause and effect relationships. The limitations of hCG as a marker for risk during the human peri-implantation period are discussed. Peptide hormones which could serve to assess risk during this critical period of extraordinary sensitivity to toxic factors are introduced.
Divine Healing
Authors: N. Beattie
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent psychostimulant that increases extracellular monoamines, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, and affects multiple tissue and cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral immune cells. The reinforcing properties of METH underlie its significant abuse potential and dysregulation of peripheral immunity and central nervous system functions. Together, the constellation of METH’s effects on cellular targets and regulatory processes has led to immune suppression and neurodegeneration in METH addicts and animal models of METH exposure. Here we extensively review many of the cell types and mechanisms of METH-induced dysregulation of the central nervous and peripheral immune systems. <h3>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</h3> Emerging research has begun to show that methamphetamine regulates dopaminergic neuronal activity. In addition, METH affects non-neuronal brain cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, and immunological cells of the periphery. Concurrent disruption of bidirectional communication between dopaminergic neurons and glia in the CNS and peripheral immune cell dysregulation gives rise to a constellation of dysfunctional neuronal, cell, and tissue types. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiology of METH requires consideration of the multiple targets at the interface between basic and clinical neuroscience.
Nephritis.
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eating to Live, with Some Advice to the Gouty, the Rheumatic, and the Diabetic; a Book for Everybody.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: John Figgis Jewett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

COMMITTEE ON MATERNAL WELFARESeparation of the Placenta, with Post-Partum Hemorrhage, Afibrinogenemia and Renal FailureA thirty-four-year-old primigravida had been infertile for eight years. X-ray examination at thirty-seven weeks suggested a low-lying placenta, and she was admitted to the hospital at term with slight, painless vaginal bleeding and a high presenting part. There was no toxemia.For thirty-six hours there were irregular contractions but no further bleeding. The membranes then ruptured spontaneously, followed by four hours of very active labor. An hour before delivery the fetal heart beat was lost, but no bleeding appeared until after delivery of a stillborn . . .
Rebalancing the planet
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2012)

Human beings are an incredibly successful species. People have populated the world in greater numbers than ever before, surpassing the 7 billion mark last year, with a likely increase to 8–11 billion by 2050. But on a planet with finite resources, this growth poses challenges for human health and wellbeing, and the natural environment. Yet rarely are population and resource issues discussed together in a scientific and systematic way.