tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous Mastectomy
Authors: Robert M. Goldwyn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Breast cancer will develop in one of every 15 women born in the United States, and by the time the diagnosis is made, 25 to 50 per cent, depending upon the size of the primary tumor, will have axillary-lymph-node metastases.1 These depressing facts have stimulated the performance of subcutaneous mastectomy as a possible prophylactic measure in those considered at "high risk" of mammary cancer. It has been estimated that more than 2000 subcutaneous mastectomies have been done in the United States during the past three years. Although its popularity is increasing, this procedure has not yet received enough dispassionate scrutiny. . . .
Biological weapons and US law
Authors: J. R. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1997)

During the past 8 years, the US Congress has developed a comprehensive legal framework to prevent the illegitimate use of toxins and infectious agents. As part of this framework, Congress has defined as a federal crime virtually every step in the process of developing or acquiring a biological agent for use as a weapon. At the same time, Congress has vested federal law enforcement agencies with broad civil and investigative powers to enable the government to intervene before such weapons are used or even developed. Finally, Congress has directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to establish a regulatory regime to monitor the location and transfer of hazardous biological agents and to insure that any use of such agents complies with appropriate biosafety requirements.
PTH-008 Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) Selectively Kills Clostridium Difficile over Colon Cells and is Effective Against 5 Hypervirulent Strains of the Pathogen
Authors: M A Butt, L De Sordi, G Yahioglu, C Moose, S Battah, I Stamati, M Deonarain, P Mullany, E Allan, L B Lovat
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> <i>Clostridium difficile (CD)</i> is the leading cause of hospital and community-acquired antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in the developed world. Since 2003, a new lineage of strains with more severe virulence has emerged, leading to an increased number of outbreaks of disease in North America and Europe and raising the impellent need for an effective therapy. Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT) utilises the ability of light-activated photosensitisers (PS) to produce free radical species lethal to the target pathogens. To date, no pathogens have developed resistance to PACT. This study aimed to develop and evaluate PACT for the treatment of <i>CD</i>. <h3>Methods</h3> High throughput screening of 15 photosensitiser (PS) drugs were performed in aerobic conditions against the hypervirulent R20291 strain of <i>CD</i>. These included both clinically approved PS drugs and experimental PS’s engineered for <i>CD</i>. Lead candidate agents were then tested against <i>C. difficile</i> strain R20291 in microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions, against 4 of the other most clinically significant hypervirulent<i> CD</i> strains, each belonging to a different ribotype, and against the human colonic cell line HT-29 at effective antimicrobial doses to exclude background colonic cytotoxicity. <h3>Results</h3> Nine PS were successful in killing 99.99% of R20291 at a concentration of 10 μM after exposure to laser light at 665 nm at an intensity of 24 mJ/cm2. Remarkably, three of them (S4, CE6 and PS4) also reduced bacterial growth by 99.9% in absence of oxygen at the concentration of 50 μM and no PS-associated toxicity was observed in the absence of light. PACT was found to be similarly effective against all 5 hypervirulent<i> CD</i> strains. Three PS were not toxic to HT-29 cells at effective antimicrobial concentrations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have found PACT effectively kills the 5 most clinically relevant hypervirulent <i>CD</i> strains. PACT efficacy traditionally is thought to require oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species. We have shown PACT to be effective in anaerobic conditions mimicking the colonic microenvironment in which <i>CD</i> reside. As PACT was not toxic to human HT-29 cells at effective antimicrobial doses, this would permit selective targeting of the pathogen in the site of infection. It is believed the research being undertaken could be an important step towards the eradication of <i>C. difficile</i> colitis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Virus Hybridization Mystery: Growth, Genetics, Purification of Antigens
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resident Work-Hour Language Modified
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anxiety and psychological stress in acute severe ulcerative colitis: prevalence and effect on outcome
Authors: M. Wahed, J. R. Goodhand, L. Langmead, P. M. Irving, J. Sanderson, S. Bloom, S. McCartney, J. Mawdsley, D. S. Rampton
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> There is increasing evidence that psychological stress and associated mood disorders are linked with, and adversely affect the course of IBD. The authors hypothesise that: (1) anxiety and stress are more common in acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) than in patients with inactive UC; (2) anxiety and stress are more common in patients presenting for the first time with UC; (3) anxiety and stress worsen outcome in ASUC. <h3>Methods</h3> 39 ASUC patients (aged 28 (18–74) years (median (range)); disease duration 10 (0–240) months), requiring hospital admission and intravenous hydrocortisone with a Baron9s sigmoidoscopic score ≥2, completed questionnaires to assess anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS-A)) and stress levels (Perceived Stress Questionnaire: Recent, R-PSQ, General, G PSQ). Outcomes were assessed, using the Travis criteria (day 3) and colectomy rates at day 70, in relation to upper and lower tertiles of the anxiety and stress scores. In addition, the psychometric scores of the ASUC patients were compared to those of 27 outpatients with inactive UC. <h3>Results</h3> Patients with ASUC had higher stress levels (R-PSQ Index 0.52 (0.03) (mean (SEM)), G-PSQ 0.46 (0.03)) than in patients with inactive UC (0.35 (0.03), p=0.001, 0.39 (0.02), p=0.046, respectively) but there was no difference in anxiety scores (HADS-A 9.6 (0.8), 8.4 (0.7), p=0.9, respectively). However, in patients with ASUC, there was a positive correlation between stress and anxiety scores (R-PSQ, r2=0.27, p=0.0008; G-PSQ, r2=0.14, p=0.02)). Although stress scores were similar, anxiety levels were higher in the 11 newly presenting ASUC patients (12 (1.4)) than in those previously diagnosed (8.6 (0.9), p=0.049). There was no difference in those responding to intravenous hydrocortisone (by Travis criteria) or in day 70 colectomy rates between patients who were highly (upper tertile) anxious (Travis response 8/13, colectomy rate 2/13) or highly (upper tertile) stressed (R-PSQ: Travis response 8/12, colectomy rate 6/13; G-PSQ Travis response 5/13, colectomy rate 4/13) compared to those less (lower tertile) anxious (5/13, 3/13, respectively) or stressed (lower tertile) (R-PSQ, 5/13, 1/13; G-PSQ 5/12, 1/13, respectively). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Perceived stress levels are greater in patients with ASUC than in those in remission and anxiety scores are highest in patients newly presenting with UC, but neither stress nor anxiety influenced disease outcome.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: David A. Katzka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2020)

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a relatively new disease that has reached an incidence similar to that of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. With this increased presence, greater recognition is essential. This applies both to children with nonspecific but potentially debilitating symptoms and to adults who have spent years behaviorally compensating for narrow esophageal strictures. The pathogenesis of EoE is rapidly being unraveled and is based on initiation of a type II allergic response to specific food antigens, leading to dense esophageal eosinophilia, chronic inflammation, and esophageal fibrosis. With greater familiarity and understanding of EoE, treatments are evolving, including identification and avoidance of food antigens; broad applications of topical steroids; and, eventually, pathway-specific biologic therapy.
Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Donald E. Hricik, Moonja Chung-Park, John R. Sedor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Diseases involving the renal glomeruli are encountered frequently in clinical practice and are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease worldwide. In the United States alone, glomerular diseases accounted for 51 percent of the 305,876 cases of treated end-stage renal disease that were reported to the U.S. Renal Data System between 1991 and 1995, including 115,938 cases of diabetic nephropathy (37.9 percent) and 41,333 cases of nondiabetic glomerular disease (13.5 percent).1 Some common glomerular diseases do not cause progressive renal failure but are important causes of morbidity and sources of considerable medical expense.Glomerulonephritis is defined here as a . . .
PRESENCE OF TYPHOID BACILLI IN URINE OF TYPHOID FEVER PATIENTS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obesity and menopausal status as determinants of procarcinogenic breast inflammation.
Authors: Neil M. Iyengar, Patrick Glyn Morris, Xi Kathy Zhou, Ayca Gucalp, Dilip D. Giri, Michael Harbus, Domenick J Falcone, Linda T. Vahdat, Mahmoud I. Awad, Margaret D. Krasne, Kotha Subbaramaiah, Monica Morrow, Clifford A. Hudis, Andrew Dannenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

512 Background: Chronic inflammation predisposes to several malignancies. We previously demonstrated an obesity → inflammation → aromatase axis in breast tissue. As obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal (PoM) but not premenopausal (PreM) breast cancer (BC), we examined whether menopause and body mass index (BMI) independently impact breast white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation. Methods: WAT was prospectively collected from patients (pts) from 04/10 – 08/13. WAT inflammation, detected by CD68 immunohistochemistry, was defined by the presence of dead/dying adipocytes surrounded by an envelope of macrophages known as crown-like structures of the breast (CLS-B). WAT area was measured with NIH Image J. Adipocyte diameter was measured with Canvas 11 Software. Endpoints: 1) CLS-B (+/-) and 2) CLS-B/cm2. Clinicopathologic associations with CLS-B were analyzed by logistic regression and Fisher’s exact test. Results: WAT (237 mastectomies, 13 abdominal reconstructions) was obtained from 238 women; median age 48 (range 22 – 90). CLS-B occurrence and number of CLS-B/cm2 were greater in overweight/obese (BMI ≥25) and PoM pts compared to lean (BMI <25) and PreM pts (Table). In multivariable analyses, BMI and PoM state were independently associated with CLS-B presence (P<.01 and P=.04) and greater CLS-B/cm2(P<.01 and P=.01). PoM pts had larger mean adipocyte diameter (105.2 +/- 14.0 μ) than PreM pts (95.7 +/- 15.6 μ; P<.01). In pts with bilateral breast WAT and abdominal WAT, concordant CLS status (+/-) was found in 49/63 (78%) and 10/13 (77%) pts, respectively. Conclusions: Breast WAT inflammation (both presence and severity), which we have previously linked to increased aromatase activity, is associated with both increased BMI and menopause. These findings can explain the increased risk of estrogen receptor-positive BC with obesity and PoM status and may also provide targets for rational therapies. Feature CLS-B – N, (%) CLS-B + N, (%) P CLS-B/cm2Median, (range) P Lean (N=116) 76 (66%) 40 (34%) .27 (.06 – 4.37) Overweight (N=73) 34 (47%) 39 (53%) .26 (.05 – 51.85) Obese (N=48) 5 (10%) 43 (90%) <.01 .47 (.09 – 2.35) .01 Premenopausal (N=144) 80 (56%) 64 (44%) .26 (.05 – 5.49) Postmenopausal (N=93) 35 (38%) 58 (62%) <.01 .49 (.09 – 51.85) <.01
Second International Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Second International Congress on Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 4, October 1987, Page 909, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.4.909-d Published: 01 October 1987
Action of One Society on the Secret Commission Evil
Authors: A. T. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The same question might be asked with at least as much if not even greater propriety concerning the other remedy requested and the complaint for which it is to be used." 'In the interest of a suffering public'-which has already suffered too long at the hands of nostrum manufacturers whose principal asset is public ignorance-we suggest that druggists use their influence to send sufferers from asthma and other '
AMA-RPS Assembly: Current Issues
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE METOPIC SUTURE.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sarcoidosis during pregnancy. Improvement in pulmonary function
Authors: D. E. Dines
Journal: JAMA (1967)

THE MAJORITY of reports indicate little reciprocal effect, neither progression nor regression, of the sarcoidosis during pregnancy.<sup>1,2</sup>Most authorities agree that the disease is benign and self-limited, and that about 90% of hilar and parenchymal lesions subside without treatment within one to two years. We recently saw a young woman with pulmonary sarcoidosis who had complete roentgenographic regression of hilar adenopathy and improvement in pulmonary function during pregnancy. This case supports further, from a standpoint of pulmonary function, the concept that pregnancy may have a beneficial effect on sarcoidosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old white schoolteacher and housewife was first examined at the Mayo Clinic on Feb 16, 1966. Red painful nodules characteristic of erythema nodosum had developed on both of her lower extremities in December 1965. During the subsequent two months she noticedexertional dyspnea and a sensation of being unable to take a deep breath. Physical
Occipital Photopenia
Authors: WONSICK CHOE, STEPHAN O. HASS, DAVID KALISKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

A 46-year-old man with a history of alcohol and cocaine abuse had a whole-body bone scan because he was newly diagnosed with prostate cancer. His prostate specific antigen was measured at 94 ng/mL. The study demonstrated no evidence of bony metastasis. Incidentally, however, there was a fairly well-circumscribed photopenic area in the occipital area bilaterally. Review of the patient's radiographic skull series suggested that this was due to occipital thinning; occipital thinning has been reported as a normal variant of unknown etiology. The patient, although legally blind secondary to optic neuritis, was known to be free of epilepsy or brain tumor.
Incorrect Due Date.
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biotransformation and Induction: Implications for Toxicity, Bioaccumulation and Monitoring of Environmental Xenobiotics in Fish
Authors: Kevin M. Kleinow, Mark J. Melancon, John J. Lech
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Biotransformation of xenobiotics in fish occurs by many of the same reactions as in mammals. These reactions have been shown to affect the bioaccumulation, persistence, residue dynamics, and toxicity of select chemicals in fish. P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity of fish can be induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but phenobarbital-type agents induce poorly, if at all. Fish monooxygenase activity exhibits ideal temperature compensation and sex-related variation. Induction of monooxygenase activity by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can result in qualitative as well as quantitative changes in the metabolic profile of a chemical. Induction can also alter toxicity. In addition, multiple P-450 isozymes have been described for several fish species. The biotransformation products of certain chemicals have been related to specific P-450 isozymes, and the formation of these products can be influenced by induction. Exposure of fish to low levels of certain environmental contaminants has resulted in induction of specific monooxygenase activities and monitoring of such activities has been suggested as a means of identifying areas of pollutant exposure in the wild.