tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hookworm Infection
Authors: Peter J. Hotez, Simon Brooker, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Alex Loukas, Shuhua Xiao
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

ookworm infection in humans is caused by an infection with the helminth nematode parasites Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale and is transmitted through contact with contaminated soil.It is one of the most common chronic infections, with an estimated 740 million cases in areas of rural poverty in the tropics and subtropics. 1 Because hookworm infection occurs predominantly among the world's most impoverished people, 1 it holds a unique place in modern history.For example, the reputation of pre-1949 China as the "sick man of Asia" was partly a result of the high prevalence and intensity of infection with hookworm. 2Mohandas Gandhi had hookworm infection in the last years of his life. 3Hookworm was also a contributing factor in the slowing of economic development during the early part of the 20th century in the southern United States. 4Today, hookworm infection is among the most important tropical diseases in humans; the use of disability-adjusted life years as a quantitative measure of the burden of disease reveals that this infection outranks African trypanosomiasis, dengue, Chagas' disease, schistosomiasis, and leprosy. 5he greatest number of hookworm cases occur in Asia, followed by sub-Saharan Africa. 1 In China alone, approximately 190 million people are infected, an estimate based on a nationwide study involving the examination of fecal specimens obtained from almost 1.5 million people between 1988 and 1992. 2 N. americanus is the most common hookworm worldwide, whereas A. duodenale is more geographically restricted.In contrast to these major anthropophilic species, three species of zoonotic hookworm are minor causes of disease in humans.A. ceylanicum infects dogs and cats and can also infect humans but is not considered an important pathogen.The dog hookworm A. caninum causes human eosinophilic enteritis in northeastern Australia, 6 and A. braziliense causes cutaneous larva migrans. larval invasion of tissueSome of the highest rates of hookworm transmission occur in the world's coastal regions, where infective third-stage larvae can migrate freely in sandy soils and where temperatures and moisture are optimal for viability of larvae. 7In these areas, repeated exposure to third-stage larvae of N. americanus or A. duodenale results in a local pruritic, erythematous, papular rash known as "ground itch."Although the entire body surface is vulnerable, ground itch appears most frequently on the hands and feet, which are the major sites of entry for third-stage larvae.In contrast to ground itch, skin invasion by zoonotic A. braziliense third-stage larvae results in cutaneous larva migrans, or "creeping eruption," a self-limited dermatologic condition characterized by serpiginous burrows, 1 to 5 cm long.Created by third-stage larvae migrating in the epidermis, the burrows appear on the feet in 39 percent of cases (Fig. 1), the buttocks in 18 percent, and h pathophysiology and clinical disease
Portal Hypertension
Authors: C. Stuart Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE term "portal hypertension" has only recently come into common usage in medical nomenclature. It is used to signify the hemodynamic alteration and the clinical picture that accompany various obstructive portal venopathies. McMichael1, 2 seems to have been the first to use the term in his description of the portal circulation in 1932, but it has been the work of Whipple and his associates at the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York that has given the important stimulation for present interest in the treatment of this entity. Since 1945, with Whipple's3 classic presentation of the problem of portal hypertension as . . .
Index to advertisers
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Ending an Antitobacco Youth Campaign on Adolescent Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoking—Minnesota, 2002-2003
Journal: JAMA (2004)

The majority of persons who become regular cigarette smokers begin smoking during adolescence. Comprehensive state antitobacco programs, especially those with strong advertising (i.e., paid media) campaigns, have contributed to the substantial decline in adolescent smoking since 1997. In Minnesota, annual funding for tobacco-control programs was reduced from $23.7 million to $4.6 million in July 2003, ending the Target Market (TM) campaign directed at youths since 2000. To assess the effects of cutting the state's tobacco-control funding, during November-December 2003, the University of Miami School of Medicine surveyed Minnesota adolescents aged 12-17 years to determine their awareness of the TM campaign and their susceptibility to smoking. These data were compared with results from previous surveys. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that the percentage of adolescents who were aware of the TM campaign declined from 84.5% during July-August 2003 to 56.5% during November-December 2003, and the percentage of adolescents susceptible to cigarette smoking increased from 43.3% to 52.9%. These findings underscore the need to maintain adequate funding of state antitobacco programs to prevent tobacco use among youths.
Commentary
Authors: S Shaunak
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Aspergillus is a rare pathogen in patients with AIDS and its manifestations include chronic cavitatory, invasive, and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.'The chest radio- graphic findings have been divided into three categories: (1) cavitating upper lobe disease resembling non-invasive or chronic necrotising aspergillosis; (2) focal alvelolar opacities similar to those seen in invasive asper- gillosis, a focal infiltrate that remains stable for several months; and (3) bilateral interstitial disease.Patients with chronic cavitatory disease have a high mortality from haemoptysis, while patients with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates die from disseminated disease.2The frequency with which neutropenia or steroid therapy are seen as predisposing factors for the development of Aspergillus-related dis- on August 20, 2023 by guest.
Current guidelines to anticoagulant therapy
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association News.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>ENTERTAINMENTS AT NEW ORLEANS.</h3> Provisional List of Events Arranged by the Entertainment Committee. From the "New Orleans Picayune" of April 1 we clip the following paragraphs: Tuesday, May 5, in the evening, there will be a reception at the Palm Garden of the St. Charles Hotel which will cost about $1,000, exclusive of the music. The object is that the visiting physicians and ladies shall become acquainted with New Orleans people and that the ladles of the city shall assist in receiving. The reception will last from 5 to 7. On Wednesday two large private receptions will be given, one an afternoon tea and one at night. On Thursday there will be a grand fête champétre at the City Park, with music and refreshments, and on Friday there will be a boat ride on the river at which about 2,000 people will be entertained, and the ride will end at
A NEW INSTRUMENT FOR THE ENUCLEATION OF TONSILS IN CAPSULE
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Novel Approach to the Control of Ventilation: Auditory Respiration Simulator
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Les syndromes endocriniens.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carleton Gajdusek
Authors: C. Richmond
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Stringent regulation of the transcription factor NF-κB signaling is essential for the activation of host immune responses and maintaining homeostasis, yet the molecular mechanisms involved in its tight regulation are not completely understood. In this study, we report that IKK-interacting protein (IKIP) negatively regulates NF-κB activation. IKIP interacted with IKKα/β to block its association with NEMO, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of IKKα/β and the activation of NF-κB. Upon LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β stimulation, IKIP-deficient macrophages exhibited more and prolonged IKKα/β phosphorylation, IκB, and p65 phosphorylation and production of NF-κB–responsive genes. Moreover, IKIP-deficient mice were more susceptible to LPS-induced septic shock and dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis. Our study identifies a previously unrecognized role for IKIP in the negative regulation of NF-κB activation by inhibition of IKKα/β phosphorylation through the disruption of IKK complex formation.
Drugs for Chronic Heart Failure
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resistance monitoring data from treatment-naive chronic HBV infected patients treated for 28 days with a new class a core protein allosteric modulator RO7049389 monotherapy
Authors: Xue Zhou, Rémi Kazma, Dominik Meinel, Yuan Zhou, Man-Fung Yuen, Edward Gane, Christian Schwabe, Tawesak Tanwandee, Lingzhi Cao, Julian Zhou, Qingyan Bo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Concentration of Mycobacterium avium by Hospital Hot Water Systems
Authors: Gary C. du Moulin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Water from 34 sites on two temporarily vacant hospital floors was analyzed for the presence of mycobacteria. These sites included 18 cold water taps and 16 hot water taps, including shower heads. A total of 14 sites (41%) demonstrated the presence of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>as confirmed by biochemical characterization, DNA/rRNA probe analysis, and seroagglutination. Of positive sites, 11 were hot water sources with an average temperature of 55°C and yielding up to 500 colony-forming units per 100 mL. Seven of 11 strains analyzed for glycolipid antigens were identified with the type 4 serovar, the preponderant serovar of<i>M avium</i>in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from the Boston area. Potable hot water systems, particularly those that generate aerosols, may contain concentrations of<i>M avium</i>greater than those found in cold water systems and could serve as an environmental source for colonization and infection of immunocompromised persons. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:1599-1601)
Second cardiac xenograft predicted; questions remain on procedure
Authors: C. A. Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IS THIS COUNTRY ready to grapple yet again with the ethical quandaries posed by xenogeneic heart transplantation? And is medical science capable of dealing with the numerous responses the human body mounts to such surgery? Leonard Bailey, MD, the surgeon who performed what is believed to be the first orthotopic implantation of a baboon heart into a neonate with hypoplastic left-heart syndrome (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:3321-3329), thinks so. "I would be surprised if we don't do a crossspecies transplant within a year," he told medical writers at the American Academy of Pediatrics meeting in San Francisco. Some of his colleagues, while giving a qualified yes to the merits of using xenografts as bridges, appear to be skeptical of the idea that such xenotransplantation could ever be more than that, given existing understanding of immunologic barriers. The transplant team at Loma Linda (Calif) University Medical Center is penning the final version of a
Irreversible brain damage after water intoxication
Authors: E. Lipsmeyer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

WATER intoxication is the term that Rowntree<sup>1</sup>applied to the syndrome resulting from extreme hypotonicity of body fluids. Since his description of this disorder in 1923, cases have been described in varied clinical settings. Although fatal cases have been reported, the impression conveyed by the literature on on this subject is that the prognosis is good with correction of hypotonicity. Cooke<sup>2</sup>states that permanent damage to the brain may occur as a sequela of water intoxication, but does not document this assertion. Certainly most case reports and reviews imply that the abnormal neurological state is completely reversible. It is the purpose of this paper to present two cases of water intoxication followed by permanent brain damage. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> In October 1964, this 78-year-old woman had acute diverticulitis with intestinal obstruction, and a colostomy was performed. At that time the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level was
Beclomethasone dipropionate use in chronic asthmatic patients. Effect on adrenal function after substitution for oral glucocorticosteroids
Authors: E. Bondarevsky
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The clinical effectiveness of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) aerosol and adrenal function after withdrawal of oral corticosteroid therapy were evaluated in 32 severely steroid-dependent asthmatic patients. Twenty-four of 28 patients were able to discontinue oral glucocorticosteroid therapy, while four failed to do so. Ventilatory studies showed no substantial changes at the end of six months' BDP treatment. In 24 patients, adrenal insufficiency was present before BDP therapy was started. In 20 of those patients, the response to cosyntropin returned to normal two months after discontinuation of systemic steroid treatment and administration of BDP. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1969-1971, 1976)
A phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of weekly docetaxel (D), cisplatin (P), and daily capecitabine (C) (DPC) in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: N. M. Reddy, W. C. Zamboni, P. J. Creaven, N. Ramnath, M. M. Javle, S. Strychor, T. V. W. Repinski, B. A. Zamboni, J. K. Schwarz, R. A. French, M. G. Fakih
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

2047 Background: D, P & C are 3 active chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of activity. We investigated a weekly D & P with twice daily C regimen in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors in a phase I study. Methods: 3 pts were treated at each dose level (DL) given no dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was noted. D & P were each given intravenously over 30 min on day 1 & 8, and C was given orally BID on days 1 to 14. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. DL of D, P & C (mg/m2) were: 1) 20, 20, 600; 2) 20, 20; 825; 3) 27, 20; 825; 4) 27, 27; 825; 5) 36, 27; 825. PK studies of D & C were performed with C on day 1 of cycle 1 and without C on day 1 of cycle 2. D plasma concentrations (conc) were measured by an LC-MS/MS assay. Total (TOT) & ultrafiltrate (UF) platinum (Pt) plasma conc were measured by an FAAS assay. Results: 25 patients were enrolled; 4 were not evaluable for DLT evaluation (2 early termination without DLT, 1 ineligible and untreated, 1 received inappropriate DL). Characteristics of eligible pts were: 12/12 M/F, median age 57, 7/17 ECOG 0/1, and 17 prior chemotherapy. 2/6 pts had a DLT at DL5 (infection and diarrhea). 1/6 pts had a DLT at DL4 (G3 hypomagnesemia). DL4 was identified as the MTD and the recommended dose for phase II studies. 16 pts were evaluable for response: 1 complete response (NSCLC), 2 partial responses (gastric, pancreatic), and 9 stable diseases (3 NSCLC, 2 anal, 1 pancreatic, 1 unknown primary, 1 HENT, 1 esophageal). The PK of D was similar on cycles 1 & 2. Area under the plasma conc versus time curves (AUC) of TOT & UF Pt were greater in cycle 2 as compared to cycle 1 (P < 0.05). Mean ± SD ratio of TOT Pt AUC from cycle 2 to 1 was 1.30 ± 0.21. Mean ± SD ratio of UF Pt AUC from cycle 2 to 1 was 1.34 ± 0.47. There was no change in renal function between cycles 1 & 2. Conclusions: DPC is a well-tolerated combination with clinical activity in several solid tumors. The recommended DPC dose for phase II studies is 27/27/825 mg/m2. The alteration in TOT and UF Pt disposition on cycle 2 compared to cycle 1 may be inherent to sequential P administration, however prior treatment with C cannot be ruled out as a factor. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis
Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A fresh text on general aspects of cancer attempts a great deal: to be comprehensive, to be readable, to be current. The volume at hand seems to fill the bill reasonably well. Its three editors and its associate editors are generally recognized as outstanding workers and clinical researchers in the cancer field; in 49 chapters, the various human cancers are comprehensively analyzed in regard to diagnosis, historical background, etiology, epidemiology, pathology, and details of treatment and prognosis. Some rather "old-hat" topics such as lung cancer have a fresh approach with current material and bibliography. I was pleased to see a detailed section on supportive care of the patient, including nutrition, use of blood products, and management of pain. A short but interesting chapter discusses side effects of treatment—a subject of considerable interest to clinicians and primary care physicians who often must deal with patients and relatives in some misery. Rehabilitation,