tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Closing the Gap
Authors: William H. Foege
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A NATIONAL consultation on health policy was held at The Carter Center of Emory University, Atlanta, Nov 26 through 28, 1984.<sup>1</sup>National leaders from private, public, voluntary, and academic institutions met with specialists from many health fields to recommend and develop priorities for interventions directed at unnecessary morbidity and mortality in the United States. The consultation was the second in a three-part, five-year health project of research, planning, and implementation known as "Closing the Gap," and was cochaired by former President Jimmy Carter and Edward N. Brandt, Jr, MD, Assistant Secretary for Health. Contributions appear in this issue from President Carter<sup>2</sup>and Dr Brandt.<sup>3</sup> Rather than seek technologic breakthroughs, the project seeks to focus national health policy on the "gap" represented by health problems that are unnecessary in light of knowledge that already is at hand. Consultants from various medical specialties conducted extensive investigations of the burden
OC-006 Influence of BMI and Alcohol on Liver-Related Morbidity and Mortality in a Cohort of 108,000 Women from the General Population from Ukctocs
Authors: P M Trembling, S Apostolidou, J Parkes, A Ryan, A Gentry-Maharaj, S Tanwar, U Menon, W M Rosenberg
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Alcohol and fat are major causes of chronic liver disease (CLD), however their relative influences are not well understood. We aimed to determine liver-related morbidity and mortality attributable to fat and alcohol by stratifying a cohort of 202,638 women according to BMI and alcohol intake. <h3>Methods</h3> 107,742 women participating in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening where self-reported height, weight and alcohol intake were available were included. First episode related to cirrhosis (ICD-10 codes K70, K73, K74) either from inpatient Hospital Episode Statistics or death certificate was recorded following trial entry. Participants were stratified by low or high BMI ( &lt; 25 or ≥25 kg/m2), low or high alcohol intake (0–15 or over 15 units/week) and combinations of these parameters. <h3>Results</h3> Median age at recruitment was 60 years (50–75). Mean BMI was 26.4 kg/m2. There were 90 events (54 inpatient episodes and 36 deaths). There was no difference in risk of event between the BMI groups, however there was a significant increase in risk in the high alcohol group (Log-Rank &lt; 0.001). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis (covariates age, smoking, BMI and alcohol intake), found that compared to the low BMI/low alcohol group, there was an incremental increase in risk of event in the high BMI/low alcohol, low BMI/high alcohol and high BMI/high alcohol groups respectively. However, only the combination of high BMI and high alcohol reached significance (table and figure). <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data indicate that the combination of high BMI and alcohol intake is associated with a synergistically increased risk of CLD. Alcohol may be the more significant contributing factor. Further work will define thresholds for each risk factor that independently and in combination increase CLD risk. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
From the editors
Authors: Lucy Bird, Kirsty Minton, Olive Leavy, Yvonne Bordon, Gemma Ryan, Man Tse, Simon Bradbrook, Susanne Harris, Vicky Summersby, Patrick Managing, Judith Shadwell, Simon Fenwick, Natalie Smith, Jacques Smit, Laura Corns, Deborah Anthony, Marketing Managers, Tim Redding, Leah Rodriguez
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2010)
Usefulness of UniCAP-Tryptase fluoroimmunoassay in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis
Authors: E Enrique, P Garcia-Ortega, P Gaig, C Richart, O Sotorra
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: Serum tryptase level measured by RIA is the main in vitro tool to confirm the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Methods: Serum tryptase levels were determined by UniCAP-Tryptase fluoroimmunoassay (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden), in 30 consecutive patients who presented at the emergency room with a clinical allergic reaction of less than 6-h duration to assess the value of this method in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis was established by clinical criteria and by immunoallergic study. Baseline tryptase levels were determined 1 month later in 21 patients. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to establish the best cutoff point of tryptase levels to confirm the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Results: Seventeen patients were diagnosed with anaphylaxis. In this group, tryptase levels were higher than in the nonanaphylaxis group, composed mostly of patients with urticaria or angioedema (P<0.001). ROC established the best cutoff of tryptase levels at 8.23 ng/ml with a 94.12% sensitivity and 92.31% specificity, whereas the 13.5 ng/ml cutoff recommended by the manufacturers showed 35.29% sensitivity and 92.31% specificity. The reaction-tryptase/baseline-tryptase ratio was 2.85 in the anaphylaxis group and 1.29 in the nonanaphylaxis group. Conclusions: Serum tryptase levels of >8.23 ng/ml by UniCAP-Tryptase fluoroimmunoassay identify anaphylaxis in patients with symptoms of less than 6-h duration. The usefulness of this determination is higher if baseline tryptase levels are available.
THE CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INSANE.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The legal standard of responsibility given in the famous answer of the judges to the House of Lords in connection with the celebratedMcNaughtoncase which still stands in the laws of England and many at least of its dependencies, and which has been to a certain extent adopted in this country, has always from the first had the disapproval of competent alienists, those who of all men, are best qualified to estimate the responsibility of the mentally defective. They have used every argument against it, have proved that it is a false criterion in almost every possible way, have shown clinically and pathologically its incorrectness, but have not as yet been able to thoroughly eradicate the belief in its validity from the legal mind. Even in this country where we are in no way bound legally by this utterance, given out at a time of great popular excitement comparable
Therapeutics
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thyroid Disorders—A Half-century of Innovation.
Authors: E. B. Astwood
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Thyroid Disorders—A Half-century of Innovation.E. B. Astwood, M.D., F.A.C.P.E. B. Astwood, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1079_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhat might be called the golden age of the thyroid was initiated 50 years ago when new developments flowed from all directions. Experiments on the prevention of simple goiter with iodine were made then, thyroxine was isolated from the thyroid gland, metamorphosis in tadpoles was shown to be mediated by the gland, and some hint of a controlling influence from the pituitary was beginning to be envisioned. Within 15 years the structure of thyroxine was elucidated, iodine had been reintroduced in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, and goiter from feeding cabbage had been described. When radioiodine and antithyroid drugs came into... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1079-1079KeywordsDrugsHyperthyroidismThyroidThyroxine Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Upper gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

An increasing burden of cancer is shown in the health statistics of the aging population of developed countries. More attention is now given to primary and secondary prevention of cancer worldwide. Secondary prevention is based on early detection of cancer and pre-malignant precursors at a completely curable stage in individuals who are asymptomatic or without suggestive symptoms. “Mass screening” is offered in various countries by the health authorities to all individuals within the age classes at risk of cancer, and is generally provided free of charge. Opportunistic or individual screening occurs when early detection is proposed to either symptomatic or asymptomatic patients who consult their doctor or attend a private health center.
Expected hemotherapy in elective surgery. A follow-up
Authors: P. D. Mintz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Preoperative cross match guidelines were developed from a review of elective surgical hemotherapy. Six elective surgical procedures were studied prospectively to determine the effectiveness of the recommendations. All six procedures demonstrated a substantial reduction in preoperative cross match ordering during the study period, although for only one procedure was the guidelines' recommendation followed strictly. For those procedures that rarely required hemotherapy, an ABO-Rh typing and an antibody detection test were recommended as a preoperative study without a cross match. Through education of the clinical staff, successful establishment of these guidelines can lead to substantial monetary savings, reduced blood outdating, and a decreased blood bank workload with a more appropriate allocation of the technologists' time and effort. (<i>JAMA</i>239:623-625, 1978)
THE PROBLEM OF RHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS: REVIEW OF AMERICAN AND ENGLISH LITERATURE FOR 1939: (Seventh Rheumatism Review): Part I
Authors: PHILIP S.  HENCH, WALTER  BAUER, M. HENRY  DAWSON, FRANCIS  HALL, W. PAUL  HOLBROOK, J. ALBERT  KEY, CURRIER  MCEWEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

ExcerptCONTENTSPart IGeneral incidence of rheumatic diseases 1384Definition of "rheumatism" 1384Classification of diseases of joints and related structures 1385Diseases of joints related primarily to trauma 1385Gonorrheal arthritis, gonorrheal rheumatism 1387Sulfanilamide and its derivatives: general considerations 1390Treatment of gonorrheal arthritis with the sulfonamides 1392Fever therapy for gonorrheal arthritis 1394Fever therapy: general discussion 1395Tuberculous arthritis 1395Pneumococcal arthritis 1398Syphilitic arthritis and synovitis: Charcot (tabetic) joints 1398Brucellosis: undulant (Malta) fever 1399Suppurative (purulent, septic) arthritis 1402Rarer forms of specific arthritis 1403Rheumatic fever 1405Erythema nodosum 1419Chronic arthritis: the...
Conjection Conjured
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medicine—More Than Molecules and Money
Authors: Demetrios S. Theodoropoulos
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his article,<sup>1</sup>Dr Eisenberg fails to explain why he feels that a molecular approach is compromising for medicine. "Interest to humanity" is opposed to scientific advance and financial realities and declared as the leading idea in the practice of medicine. Although most would agree on a humanistic basis and understand the conflict between vocational and monetary issues in medicine, I am afraid that few will see what molecular medicine has to do with it. The very idea of linking, comparing, or opposing molecular and monetary issues carries little more legitimacy than mixing apples and oranges. I identified only two topics that make Eisenberg's view on the subject somewhat visible. The first is the attack against the Human Genome Project for being time-consuming; nothing is said about its impact on society and medicine. The second is that US physicians are accused of ordering too many tests,
Operative Surgery Covering the Operative Technic Involved in the Operations of General and Special Surgery.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacterial Mix Enhances Immunotherapy Response
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Abstract Researchers have isolated a mix of 11 strains of bacteria that increase the effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors in mice. The bacteria boosted IFNγ+ CD8+ T-cell counts and enhanced anti–PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 treatments in mice implanted with colon cancer or melanoma cells, findings that could have implications for patient care.
XENOTRANSPLANTATION
Authors: David J. R. Steele, M.D, Hugh Auchincloss
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1995)

▪ Abstract The need for an alternative source of donor organs, together with the expansion of scientific data in this field, has focused attention on xenotransplantation as a possible alternative to allotransplantation in the treatment of patients with end-stage disease of vital organs. However, xenotransplantation is rarely successful. Not only are the immunological barriers to the acceptance of xenogeneic tissue more powerful than those seen in allotransplantation, but the potential for the transmission of xenograft-associated zoonoses to the human host at the time of transplantation is also present. In addition, data on the physiological performance of the xenograft in the human environment are lacking, although a few functioning xenografts have been shown to be capable of supporting human life. Although progress has been made in clarifying some of the barriers to xenotransplantation and in defining appropriate therapeutic interventions, including interventions aimed at the removal of natural antibody and at the limitation of complement activation, xenotransplantation is not yet a viable alternative to allotransplantation in the clinical setting.
What to use instead of sleeping pills
Authors: T. J. Coates
Journal: JAMA (1978)

FIFTEEN to 20 million Americans suffer chronically from the tyranny of insomnia. Over-the-counter medications, the first line of defense, have little impact on sleep beyond placebo effects. Ironically, antihistamines in them can increase daytime drowsiness and may enhance the person's belief that sleep is getting worse. When these drugs fail, the chronic sufferer often turns to the physician, who is expected to be ready with medically proved answers. Twenty-seven million prescriptions were written for hypnotics in 1976. Barbiturates, accounting for 20% of these prescriptions, lead to a predictable cycle of dependence, tolerance, and escalating doses. These medications also disrupt the sleep structure. Rapid eye movement (REM) and slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4) are suppressed, and the EEG shows increased β activity. Physical and psychological dependence, withdrawal reactions, and "REM rebound" reactions (severe nightmares and sleep more disturbed than before taking medication) often accompany attempts to stop using these drugs.
Goiter and plasma inorganic iodide concentration in pregnancy. A reassessment
Authors: R. H. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

MANY physicians believe that goiter frequently develops during normal pregnancy.<sup>1,2</sup>In the course of gestation, increased urinary losses of iodide diminish the concentration of plasma inorganic iodide (PII) and produce a relative iodide deficiency.<sup>3</sup>Increased thyroidal clearance of iodide, frequently associated with thyroid gland enlargement, maintains normal absolute iodide uptake and thyroid hormone synthesis.<sup>3</sup> Dietary iodide deficiency may be another goitrogenic stimulus since goiters associated with pregnancy are more common in areas of reduced iodide intake.<sup>4</sup>Because dietary iodide intake has substantially increased in our geographic area,<sup>5</sup>we undertook the present study to reassess the prevalence of goiter and to determine the current concentration of PII during pregnancy. <h3>Subjects and Methods</h3> One of us (R.H.C.) examined 125 women within 24 hours of delivery. A brief history was taken and the size of the thyroid gland estimated by palpation. We consider a normal thyroid gland to
Book Review A Review of the Psychoneuroses at Stockbridge . By Gaylord P. Coon, M.D., and Alice F. Raymond, A.B. 8°, cloth, 299 pp., with 66 tables and 2 figures. Stockbridge, Massachusetts: Austen Riggs Foundation, Incorporated, 1940. $2.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1941)
The battle for hospital privileges. II. Ensuring fairness and rational standards of decision
Authors: W. J. Tabor
Journal: JAMA (1983)

IN RECENT years, the facilities of the modern hospital have become increasingly scarce but crucial resources to the physician. As a consequence, the hospital institution has become an arena in which bitter struggles for access to essential technologies and services have been waged. Often these conflicts reflect the tensions between the economic and social interests of individual physicians and those of the institution itself. Their resolution affects public interests as well, leading some courts to conclude that even the staff privilege decisions of private hospitals should be subject to judicial oversight (<i>JAMA</i>1983; 249:526-527). Traditionally, the standards to which staff selection decisions have been subjected are drawn from substantive and procedural "due process" principles. <h3>Substantive Due Process</h3> Whether derived from federal constitutional law or from state common law principles, substantive due process requires that the standards by which applicants are evaluated be reasonable, in that they comport with the legitimate
The Lower Esophagus Lined by Columnar Epithelium: Its Association with Hiatal Hernia, Ulcer, Stricture, and Tumor
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mercy
Authors: H. S. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal