tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased frequency of cystic fibrosis ΔF508 mutation in bronchiectasis associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: X. Puéchal, I Fajac, T Bienvenu, N Desmazes-Dufeu, D Hubert, J.-C Kaplan, C.J. Menkès, D.j Dusser
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Many patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have airflow obstruction, with peribronchial and peribronchiolar fibrosis. Endothelin (ET)-1 is a potent bronchoconstrictor with mitogenic activity for airway smooth muscle. Do the levels of ET-1 in sputum support the putative role of ET-1 in contributing to airway remodelling with airflow obstruction in CF? The levels of ET-1 in plasma, saliva and sputum from 12 adult patients with CF not in exacerbation (spontaneous sputum), 17 normal control subjects (induced sputum) and as an additional control population, nine patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (seven spontaneous sputum) were measured. Total and differential sputum cell counts were performed. Median (interquartile range) sputum ET-1 level was elevated in CF (77.6 (29.0-122.8) pg x mL(-1)) compared to normal subjects (6.00 (2.8-14.8) pg x mL(-1)) and COPD (16.4 (6.8-38.2) pg x mL(-1)), and in COPD compared to normal subjects. There was a slight elevation of plasma ET-1 level in CF (5.3 (3.2-6.0) pg x mL(-1)) compared to normal subjects (3.1 (1.7-4.4) pg x mL(-1)) and COPD (3.3 (2.7-4.2) pg x mL(-1)). Sputum and saliva ET-1 levels were significantly higher than plasma levels in all groups, suggesting local production or release in the respiratory tract. Sputum differential cell counts revealed pronounced neutrophilia in CF and COPD compared to normal subjects. Sputum endothelin-1 concentrations are elevated in cystic fibrosis sputum compared to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and in cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease compared to normal subjects. The role of endothelin-1 in contributing to airflow obstruction through bronchoconstriction and mitogenesis in cystic fibrosis needs now to be explored.
Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OYSTERS AND TYPHOID
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What's new this month in BMJ Journals
Authors: Harvey Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In a population survey, one in seven South Asians living in the UK reported chronic widespread pain—nearly twice as many as age and sex matched European patients in the same practice. In a second study, South Asians living in the UK had much lower blood concentrations of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin-D3) than European controls: < 10 mg/ml in 70%. Almost all the Asian women with widespread pain were deficient in vitamin D. Confidence intervals were wide, however, meaning that the finding should be regarded as provisional, pending a larger study. Ann Rheum Dis2005;64:1217–9 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] A specially trained neurology nurse and a consultant neurologist were equally effective in diagnosing migraine or tension headache in 239 patients who had been screened as having non-acute symptoms. Both nurse and doctor, … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2Bthe%2BRheumatic%2BDiseases%26rft.stitle%253DAnn%2BRheum%2BDis%26rft.issn%253D0003-4967%26rft.aulast%253DMacfarlane%26rft.auinit1%253DG%2BJ%26rft.volume%253D64%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D1217%26rft.epage%253D1219%26rft.atitle%253DAn%2Bexcess%2Bof%2Bwidespread%2Bpain%2Bamong%2BSouth%2BAsians%253A%2Bare%2Blow%2Blevels%2Bof%2Bvitamin%2BD%2Bimplicated%253F%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fard.2004.032656%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F16014682%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=annrheumdis&resid=64/8/1217&atom=%2Fbmj%2F331%2F7516%2F540.atom
The vascular war of 1988: the enemy is met
Authors: C. K. Zarins
Journal: JAMA (1989)

NUMEROUS skirmishes, battles, and wars relating to territorial rights of various specialties involved in treating patients with vascular disease have been waged over the years. These have involved issues of patient welfare, access, availability and cost of resources, economic interests of physicians and hospitals, and quality control. The current "vascular war of 1988" began smoldering among vascular surgeons and radiologists with the widespread introduction of transluminal balloon angioplasty for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease in the 1970s. It has burst into flames in some parts of the nation with the development and introduction of new, high-tech transluminal devices for the treatment of occlusive vascular lesions and now involves not only vascular surgeons and radiologists but also cardiologists. Although most of the new devices are not fully developed, tested, or proven, explosive media exposure of preliminary tests and the Star Wars magic of the word "laser" have led to high
DLBCL
Authors: L Varoczy, L Gergely, A Gyetvai, B Kajtar, A Illes, T Tadmor, E Mishchenko, L Schliamser, R Laor, A Polliack, D Attias, D El-Sharkawi, S Basu, W Qian, S D'sa, P Hoskin, K Ardeshna, F Ravandi, D Thomas, S O'brien, S Faderl, J Jorgensen, R Luthra, P Kebriaei, R Garris, J Cortes, H Kantarjian, W Barreto, P Giacon, L Pires, E Santos, L Ommati, J Oliveira, B Mihaljevic, B Andjelic, D Antic, M Todorovic, T Vukicevic, V Nikolic, I Pejcic, I Petkovic, S Popovic, I Savic, L Popovic, N Andjelkovic, S Sretenovic, J Knezevic, V Kecman, F Offner, B Ferhanoglu, J Reeves, H Eom, K Doner, J Raposo, I Flinn, C Suh, N Chowhan, S Prasad, S Kussick, G Mulligan, A Rizo, J Leonard, Y Kobayashi, Y Hatta, A Hojo, Y Kura, K Miura, N Iriyama, S Kobayashi, U Sawada, M Sugitani, J Takeuchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Correction: Myeloproliferative leukemia protein activation directly induces fibrocyte differentiation to cause myelofibrosis
Authors: T. Maekawa, Y. Osawa, T. Izumi, S. Nagao, K. Takano, Y. Okada, N. Tachi, M. Teramoto, T. Kawamura, T. Horiuchi, R. Saga, S. Kato, T. Yamamura, J. Watanabe, A. Kobayashi, S. Kobayashi, K. Sato, M. Hashimoto, S. Suzu, F. Kimura
Journal: Leukemia (2018)
Targeting clinical epigenetic reprogramming for chemoprevention of metabolic and viral hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Frank Jühling, Nourdine Hamdane, Emilie Crouchet, Shen Li, Hussein El Saghire, Atish Mukherji, Christine Thumann, Marine Oudot, Antonio Saviano, Armando Andres Roca Suarez, Ricard Masia, Mozhdeh Sojoodi, Gunisha Arora, Atsushi Ono, Parissa Tabrizian, Myron Schwartz, Irwin Davidson, Christian Schmidl, Christoph Bock, Catherine Schuster, Kazuaki Chayama, Patrick Pessaux, Kenneth K. Tanabe, Yujin Hoshida, Mirjam Zeisel, François H.T. Duong, Bryan Fuchs, Thomas Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Prolonged use of nitrazepam for epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: J. Dennis, A. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A case note study of 90 children with tuberous sclerosis showed that 56 had taken nitrazepam for seizures for from one month to 13 years.In 38 children nitrazepam was withdrawn but only two had immediate major seizures.Given that sleepiness, deterioration in motor skills, or ataxia seems to be associated in some children with treatment with nitrazepam, doctors may wish to review their long term prescriptions of this drug in children with tuberous sclerosis.
The elderly: newest victims of familial abuse
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Enhanced biliary iron excretion with amphiphilic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
Authors: P Adams
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The elimination of toxic metal ions metabolically accumulated by patients remains a difficult clinical problem and a target of drug development. DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) is a hydrophilic chelating agent with high affinity for divalent and trivalent metal ions including iron but with a limited ability to cross cell membranes for access to iron stores. In this study we have synthesized an amphiphilic form of this chelator-DTPA covalently linked to the phospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)--to produce a chelator that incorporates completely and stably into liposome membranes for efficient delivery to the liver and reticuloendothelial system. Biliary and urinary excretion of iron were studied in iron-loaded rats (n = 15) in association with a 2-hr intravenous infusion of sonicated liposomes of 1:1 amphiphilic phosphatidylethanolamine-DTPA/egg phosphatidylcholine (L-PE-DTPA) and compared with excretion obtained using equivalent amounts of water-soluble DTPA (alone or mixed with egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes [L-DTPA] as controls). For a 6-hr period, the administration of L-PE-DTPA resulted in approximately a 20-fold increase in biliary iron excretion (480 +/- 160 micrograms/6 hr, mean +/- S.D.) compared with that seen with DTPA (21.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms/6 hr) and L-DTPA (23.1 +/- 5.0 micrograms/6 hr) (p less than 0.05, analysis of variance). Urinary iron excretion was significantly decreased with L-PE-DTPA (41.5 +/- 38 micrograms/6 hr) compared with DTPA (154 +/- 110 micrograms/6 hr) and L-DTPA (86 +/- 17 micrograms/6 hr) (p less than 0.05). Combined biliary and urinary excretion of iron was three to four times greater with L-PE-DTPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of a muscle relaxant. Pancuronium bromide (pavulon)
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HGCSG1503: A retrospective cohort study evaluating the safety and efficacy of TAS-102 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of cases of prior regorafenib
Authors: Y. Shindo, S. Yuki, M. Yagisawa, Y. Kawamoto, Y. Tsuji, K. Hatanaka, Y. Kobayashi, S. Kajiura, A. Ishiguro, T. Honda, M. Dazai, K. Eto, M. Nakamura, M. Koike, S. Ota, A. Sato, K. Kato, A. Ueda, A. Fukunaga, M. Sekiguchi, Y. Sakata, Y. Komatsu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: The J003 trial and RECOURSE trial revealed the safety and efficacy of TAS-102 for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In March 2014, TAS-102 was approved in Japan. However, in these pivotal trials, there were few cases in which regorafenib was administered as prior treatments, and also there were few reports on the effectiveness and safety of TAS-102 after administration of regorafenib. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 411 patients who received TAS-102 in the multi-institutional retrospective study (HGCSG1503). This study was analyzed by CTCAE v4.0 for adverse events (AEs), RECIST v1.1 for response rate (RR)/disease control rate (DCR). To compare patients who received regorafenib before TAS-102 (Prior REG) and those did not receive regorafenib (No prior REG), Fisher's exact test was used in terms of patient characteristics, AE, RR/DCR, and Log-rank test was used in terms of TTF, PFS and OS. Results: No prior REG and Prior REG were 285 and 126, respectively. The patient' characteristics between No prior REG and Prior REG were generally balanced except for lung metastasis (56.8% in No prior REG, 67.5% in Prior REG; p = 0.049), prior oxaliplatin administration (95.1% in No prior REG, 99.2% in Prior REG; p = 0.045), prior irinotecan administration (90.5% in No prior REG, 100% in Prior REG; p < 0.001) and patients over 18 months since diagnosis of metastasis (63.2% in No prior REG, 84.1% in Prior REG; p < 0.001). The AEs between No prior REG and Prior REG were also generally balanced. RR/DCR were 0.8/37.5% in No prior REG and 0/36.5% in Prior REG (p = 1.000/0.908). Median PFS was 2.3 months in No prior REG and 2.1 months in Prior REG (HR 1.157, p = 0.185). Median OS was 8.1 months in No prior REG and 5.7 months in Prior REG (HR 1.355, p = 0.007). Conclusion: In this analysis, No prior REG population contained lung metastasis, and short interval from diagnosis of metastasis. The adverse events, detail of administration, RR/DCR, and PFS were no significant difference regardless of the administration history of REG. The OS was significantly extended with No prior REG population. This is presumed because 30% of No prior REG population received REG for post TAS-102 therapy.
Society News.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
REVIEWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1927)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 39, Issue 7 p. 331-334 REVIEWS First published: July 1927 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1927.tb10094.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume39, Issue7July 1927Pages 331-334 RelatedInformation
THE GASTRIN THEORY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anne Turner
Journal: BMJ (2006)

British family planning doctor whose assisted suicide in a Swiss clinic refuelled UK euthanasia debate Anne Turner's final trip to continental Europe was one she resented having to make.She loved travelling to Europe, often for the opera.But having decided to kill herself, she felt frustrated at the need to leave the comfort of her cosy bungalow in Bath.However, with typical self assurance, Dr Turner made precise plans.She would die in Switzerland on 24 January 2006, the day before her 67th birthday.Events early in the childhood of the woman dubbed "Boadicea" by a friend can probably be credited for the independence and strength of character that she exhibited throughout her life.Just 18 months after her birth in Harrogate in 1939, she was evacuated, with her sister, from war torn Europe to Vancouver in Canada.She only just made it.A German U boat sank the vessel behind the one in which she was travelling and such evacuations promptly ceased.But having safely reached North America, she enjoyed living with cousins and a grandmother.In 1945 however, she returned to Westerham, Kent, in England and to parents she didn't know-and to the austere, postwar landscape.She would later joke that it felt as if she had been evacuated to the United Kingdom rather than returned home.After her carefree existence in Canada, the grey skies, food rations, and lack of central heating did not endear her to her native land.Her father, a civil servant, and her mother, a local councillor, were strict and somewhat distant parents.So being packed off to boarding school in 1952 seemed more like a release than a frightening trip into the unknown.Shortly after leaving school a lifethreatening adder bite provided a first glimpse of her mortality.Her response was not fear but curiosity.And from this near-death experience she decided that dying was as easy as going to sleep.In 1958 she went to St Thomas' to study medicine.On the first day she met her future husband, Jack Turner.After qualifying, they worked in the south of England before settling in Bath, where they found jobs in general practice and began a family.Anne Turner soon developed an interest in family planning, and was to play a key role
Nutritional therapy
Authors: A. van der Heijden, M. J. F. Verbeek, W. A. M. Schreurs, L. M. A. Akkermans, A. Vos, R. J. Beale, N. Maynard, M. N. Smithies, S. Peake, R. Chang, J. Fairfield, D. J. Bihari, J. Acosta, J. Caturla, J. Canovas, P. Merino, F. Criado, D. Barja, H. Lessire, E. Torwesten, B. Morlion, N. M. Nguyen, B. Miele, G. Sturm, P. Fürst, B. M. Peskar, C. Puchstein, E. Plasas, I. Porta, M. Picó, E. Valls, P. Sabín, J. B. Padró
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
La tuberculose.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal