tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interstellar bugs
Authors: B Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Chemical modifications of RNA 5′ ends enable “epitranscriptomic” regulation, influencing multiple aspects of RNA fate. In transcription initiation, a large inventory of substrates compete with nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) for use as initiating entities, providing an <i>ab initio</i> mechanism for altering the RNA 5′ end. In <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells, RNAs with a 5′-end hydroxyl are generated by use of dinucleotide RNAs as primers for transcription initiation, “primer-dependent initiation.” Here we use massively systematic transcript end readout (“MASTER”) to detect and quantify RNA 5′ ends generated by primer-dependent initiation for ~4<sup>10</sup> (~1,000,000) promoter sequences in <i>E. coli</i>. The results show primer-dependent initiation in <i>E. coli</i> involves any of the 16 possible dinucleotide primers and depends on promoter sequences in, upstream, and downstream of the primer binding site. The results yield a consensus sequence for primer-dependent initiation, Y<sub>TSS-2</sub>N<sub>TSS-1</sub>N<sub>TSS</sub>W<sub>TSS+1</sub>, where TSS is the transcription start site, N<sub>TSS-1</sub>N<sub>TSS</sub> is the primer binding site, Y is pyrimidine, and W is A or T. Biochemical and structure-determination studies show that the base pair (nontemplate-strand base:template-strand base) immediately upstream of the primer binding site (Y:R<sub>TSS-2</sub>, where R is purine) exerts its effect through the base on the DNA template strand (R<sub>TSS-2</sub>) through inter-chain base stacking with the RNA primer. Results from analysis of a large set of natural, chromosomally-encoded <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> promoters support the conclusions from MASTER. Our findings provide a mechanistic and structural description of how TSS-region sequence hard-codes not only the TSS position, but also the potential for epitranscriptomic regulation through primer-dependent transcription initiation.
BUSINESS METHODS AND PROFESSIONAL MORALS.
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In This Issue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Keeping sepsis under controlAn underlying cause of death from sepsis is multiple organ failure due to deposition of microthrombi in the vasculature.Prior to this, inflammation causes vascular leakage, which leads to systemic activation of the hemostatic system and thus disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and microthrombi in the vasculature.Washington and colleagues have now generated data in humans and mice indicating that triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-like (TREM-like) transcript-1 (TLT-1) is a critical regulator of inflammatory activation of hemostasis during sepsis (1489-1501).In humans, the authors found that, unlike healthy individuals, patients with sepsis had substantial amounts of soluble TLT-1 (sTLT-1) in their plasma and that its presence correlated with DIC.Consistent with sTLT-1 having an active role in DIC, human sTLT-1 bound to fibrinogen and augmented platelet aggregation in vitro.Analysis of mice lacking TLT-1 confirmed a role for sTLT-1 as a regulator of hemostasis, platelets from the mice were impaired in their ability to aggregate in vitro and in vivo (as assessed by increased bleeding times), and the mice were more susceptible to both challenge with LPS and inflammatory hemorrhage.The authors therefore suggest that TLT-1 helps maintain vascular integrity and contain the inflammatory response in the initial phases of sepsis.
Tetanus Among Injecting-Drug Users--California, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1998)

During 1997, 47 cases of tetanus were provisionally reported in the United States; 11 of these were reported from California. Of these 11, six (55%) occurred among injecting-drug users (IDUs). The substantial proportion of cases among IDUs prompted a review of reported tetanus cases in California. This report summarizes reported cases of tetanus in IDUs in California during 1987-1997 and presents two case reports for 1997.
Use of Mutagenesis to Probe IGF-Binding Protein Structure/Function Relationships
Authors: D. R. Clemmons
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2001)

The IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are multifunctional proteins that modulate IGF actions. To determine whether specific domains within these proteins account for specific functions, we and other laboratories have used in vitro mutagenesis. Prior experiments that used a variety of techniques had identified discrete regions within each protein that were proposed to account for specific functions. Alterations of these regions by substituting charged residues with neutral residues or hydrophobic residues with nonhydrophobic residues as well as domain swapping, i.e., substituting a domain from one specific form of IGFBP for the homologous domain in another form, has resulted in the elucidation of the functions of many of these specific sequences. Because the areas of protein sequence that are altered involve a limited number of amino acids, they generally do not alter the conformation of the entire protein; therefore, these specific substitutions can often be correlated with the functional changes that occur after mutagenesis. Mutants have been particularly useful for performing functional analyses in which the purified mutant protein is added to a biological test system. In some cases it has been possible to overexpress the mutagenized protein and determine whether the constitutively synthesized, mutant form of IGFBP has altered functional activity. These results have revealed that discrete regions of IGFBP sequence can mediate important and specific functional properties of these proteins.
Age at First Birth and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Linda Lesher, M.H.S., Larry McGowan, M.D., Patricia Hartge, Sc.D., Robert Hoover, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Age at First Birth and Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Get access Linda Lesher, M.H.S., Linda Lesher, M.H.S. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Larry McGowan, M.D., Larry McGowan, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Patricia Hartge, Sc.D., Patricia Hartge, Sc.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Hoover, M.D. Robert Hoover, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 74, Issue 6, June 1985, Pages 1361–1362, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/74.6.1361 Published: 01 June 1985
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in scleroderma
Authors: D. S. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In a case of scleroderma and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, azathioprine treatment resulted in complete remission of the hemolysis despite the persistence of positive direct and indirect antiglobulin test. There were no beneficial results of the therapy on the underlying connective tissue disorder. Complications of azathioprine treatment encountered were completely reversed with termination of therapy. These concurrences, with the positive antinuclear antibody studies and rheumatoid factor, favor the autoimmune theory of pathogenesis of scleroderma.
Correction
Authors: W Karmaus
Journal: Thorax (2002)

IL-5 in asthmaWe have recently published two manuscripts on the effects of interleukin (IL)-5 administration to patients with mild asthma in the American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine 1 and in Thorax. 2 We are addressing this letter to the Editors of both journals.The data described in both papers have been obtained from one experiment performed in the same group of patients with mild asthma.While the paper in the American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine reports primarily on the phenotypic changes in circulating blood eosinophils and CD34+ cells, the Thorax paper describes the changes in the airways with measurements of bronchial responsiveness and of eosinophil counts in sputum, together with eotaxin levels in the serum.Both manuscripts, however, detail the changes in blood eosinophil counts and serum
Gay Men's Health
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Some Concepts of Rheumatic Disease
Authors: J. H. Kellgren
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Although joint disease and podagra were known to the ancients, it was not until after 1676, when Sydenham described rheumatic fever, that rheumatism began to be thought of as a separate entity.During the following centuries of careful description and classification of disease various clinico-pathological entities, such as gout, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, osteochondritis, and many less common syndromes were described and separated from joint disease due to bacterial infection, trauma, and new growths, and we owe much to the brilliant work of Heberden (1802), Fagge (1877), Goldthwait (1904), Garrod (1907), and others in this field.Although in gout and certain rare conditions, such as alkaptonuric arthritis, an underlying metabolic aberration could be demonstrated, most of the rheumatic diseases remained only clinico-pathological syndromes, so that precise definition and aetiological classification still eluded us.Perhaps because of this failure and because certain histological connective-tissue lesions, such as the fibrinoid change, were found in more than one of these syndromes (Klinge, 1933syndromes (Klinge, , 1934)), there has been a recurring tendency to return to a unitarian concept of an all-embracing" rheumatic process," and many valiant attempts have been made to explain " rheumatism " in terms of known pathological mechanisms, such as infec- tion with bacteria or virus, allergic reactions, nutritional deficiencies, and autonomic or psychosomatic disorder; but these efforts have not as yet proved particularly rewarding.This is perhaps not surprising, because the assumption that there is a single all-embracing " rheu- matic process" is most unlikely to be correct.The rheumatic diseases have been grouped together because they have certain clinical and pathological features in common, such as widespread changes in the supporting tissues of the body.They are essentially diseases of the connective tissues; but no one to-day would seriously search for a single cause and cure for diseases of the nervous system; and it is equally un- reasonable to search for a single explanation for diseases of the supporting system of the body.It would thus seem more profitable to abandon the unitarian concept and to return to the careful description and classification of clinico-pathological entities on the one hand and a more thorough study of the nature and behaviour of connective tissue on the other.As our knowledge of the connective tissues increases and the various clinico- *The first Goulstonian Lecture, given at the Royal College of Physicians of London on January 15.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1951)

CORRESPONDENCE subsequent child will be affected is between I in 10 and 1 in 8.This gives much too gloomy an outlook.Of 117 mothers at a London maternity hospital who gave a history of a previous pregnancy resulting in a malformed child, only three had a malformed child.3However, any estimate of the risk based on malformations in general is of little value, since it appears at the moment that it is only the same or sijnilar malformations that tend to recur with undue fre- quency in later children and that the risk varies in different types of malformation.None of the common malforma- tions recur with a frequency as high as 1 in 10.Your annotation quotes Record and McKeown's findings of about I in 35 for central nervous system malformations, but does not make clear that it is only the risk of the same and other central nervous system malformations that is raised and not the risk of deformities of other parts of the body.For talipes equino-varus the risk is of about the same order, while that for congenital heart disease is very much less.The only deformities with a high rate of recurrence are those deter- mined entirely by single dominant or recessive factors, and these are rare.Third, Murphy is quoted as stating, " The hazard of mal- formation increases with the age of the mother, rising pro- gressively year by year after the mother has passed ,30."Murphy arrived at this conclusion by an unsound statistical method' ' and there is evidence that maternal age has little effect on the incidence of deformities except in the case of mongolism.Finally, the animal experiments, such as those of Warkany mentioned in your annotation, though of great theoretical interest, must not be taken as indicating that similar agencies necessarily play any part in causing human deformities.For example, there is no good evidence that malnutrition causes deformity in man.-Weare, etc.,
Immunology, Oxford
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Curlosum.
Authors: None G. B.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Indianapolis, April 21, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Our Board of Health concluded to have a new pest-house. Once on a morning, this month, our Mayor with his medical advisers and constables marched out, as in ancient times the burgomasters did, to burn the old pest-house. The old ground would become valuable and be sold at a price to purchase a new ground and to build a new house. The foolish act was done with great dignity. But in the very afternoon a tramp marched in town with smallpox. Certainly the court house was vaccinated from the Mayor to the watch-dog, and so the station house. Then, with equal dignity, the whole city government sat down in a meeting: the Mayor, the Board of Public Safety, of Public Works, of Health and Charities, and all wise men of the town. Whereas no bids for the old grounds had come in, it
Histopathological and Laboratory Assessment of Visual Dysfunction
Authors: Ralph Heywood
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The currently available methods of assessing ocular toxicity are discussed. Manifestations of ocular toxicity are best described clinically; histopathological examination of the eye is beset with problems of preparing the eye for morphological examinations. Electron microscopy is essential to look for chemically induced side effects at the cellular level. Mechanisms of ocular toxicity are poorly understood, and the limitation of animal studies in predicting side effects in man must be appreciated.
Miscellanea Medica
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1963)

JOURNAIthere will be a 4-week embryo, the time which Drs. David and Goodspeed quote as that for "normal closure" of the neural tube.It would seem that the drug firms do " protest too much."Their attitude emphasizes the need for adequate investigation by competent scientists free from all financial strings.-Iam, etc., Carshalton, Surrey.
Editorial: When acupuncture came to Britain.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

When Acupuncture Came to Britain Acupuncture periodically casts its spell in the West, but seldom on more than a minority of the public and on even fewer of the medical profession.That its use in Britain goes back to the early years of the 19th century may come as a sur- prise to doctors today, though as noted in these columns recently' it was a subject that graced the pages of the first volume of the Lancet in 1823.A recent review of its practice in the nineteenth century therefore makes interesting reading.2John Elliotson, who began to employ the technique at St. Thomas's Hospital in 1824,3 describes4 how Ten Rhyne, a medical officer in the East India Company, brought news of it to Europe in 1679.He had seen it used on one of the Emperor of Japan's guards, who when overheated had been seized with pain and vomiting after drinking iced water, a condition known as senki.An interesting review of Ten Rhyne's account of Japanese medicine appeared in 1683.5Engelbert Kampfer, a Jesuit missionary, was another early witness of the operation.The first British enthusiast seems to have been John Morss Churchill, of Leicester Square, who in 1821 published a monograph on the subject dedicated to Astley Cooper and a report7 of three further cases in 1823.He claimed that "Mr.Scott of Westminster," a patient of Edward Jukes, was the first to be treated by acupuncture in this country.Churchill, who restricted its use to the treatment of tympany and rheumatism, had been impressed by a report8 of an investigating committee set up in 1811 by the Medical Society of Paris.It is clear that William Coley, of Bridgenorth, was well informed on the subject of acupuncture and he probably had the treatment of senki in mind when in 1797 he employed9 paracentesis on an infant with tympanites, releasing not only a hissing of air but also a trickle of faecal fluid.The patient survived for 18 months.The example of Jukes and Churchill was taken up by others.John Tweedale,'°of Lynn Regis, Norfolk, reported that he succeeded in resolving a state of intractable anasarca into one of simple oedema of the feet and ankles, and Frederick Finch," of Greenwich, that after successes in the treatment of generalized oedema he had cured a man with trismus and rapid pulse following multiple lacerations of the body and scalp.He introduced needles into the masseters, after which the patient was able to drink hot chocolate and tincture of opium.(J. A. Grant,'2 of Ottawa, later claimed to have cured a case of tetanus by inserting needles on both sides of the spine.)Mr. Wansbrough,"3 of Fulham, chased a migratory form of back
Increased serum nitrite and nitrate levels in patients with cirrhosis: Relationship to endotoxemia
Authors: C Guarner
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Nitric oxide derived from vascular endothelium is a potent vasodilator that plays a key role in the homeostasis of blood pressure. Because cirrhotic patients tend to have low arterial pressure, we measured in 51 patients and 10 control subjects serum nitrite and nitrate levels as an index of in vivo nitric oxide generation. We also measured plasma endotoxin, a substance frequently increased in cirrhotic patients and known to induce nitric oxide synthesis. Cirrhotic patients showed significant increases in serum nitrite/nitrate and plasma endotoxin compared with controls. Values were particularly increased in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, as manifested by ascites with or without functional kidney failure. High serum nitrite/nitrate levels were associated with high plasma renin activity, high aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone levels and low urinary excretion of sodium. In addition, serum nitrite/nitrate levels significantly correlated with endotoxemia. Oral administration of colistin to 15 cirrhotic patients reduced significantly plasma endotoxin levels (p < 0.01) and serum nitrite/nitrate levels (p < 0.05). Because endotoxin enhances the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, our results suggest that circulating endotoxin in cirrhosis is responsible for excessive synthesis and release of nitric oxide by the vasculature. These findings might explain the hemodynamic dysfunction seen in cirrhotic patients. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1139-1143).