tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New York City.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intrinsic hazard of breech presentation
Authors: J. P Calvert
Journal: BMJ (1981)

range improved from 23% in 1976 to 68% in 1979.It seems likely.that more caesarean sections were performed, especially in this extremely low birthweight group, during the latter years of the study.The fact that both vertex and breech delivery in the 750-1000 g group carry an equally high mortality rate when compared with caesarean section lends further support to the suspicion that many factors other than breech presentation are responsible for the differences in survival rate.This paper does not strengthen the case for a policy of caesarean section for all cases of breech presentation from 26 to 34 weeks.It does, however, lend further support to the case for a randomised controlled trial of caesarean section for preterm breech presenta- tion, which was called for in this journal in 1979.
Ambient Sulfate Aerosol Deposition in Man: Modeling the Influence of Hygroscopicity
Authors: T. Blayne Martonen, Andrew E. Barnett, Frederick J. Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Atmospheric sulfate aerosols [H2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4HSO4] are of international concern because of their global prevalence and potential irritant or toxic effects on humans. To assess hazards following inhalation exposure, the total dose delivered to the human respiratory tract and its regional distribution must be determined. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of the inhaled aerosol will influence the sites of deposition in the respiratory tract. Atmospheric sulfate aerosols are hygroscopic and will have changing particle sizes and densities as they absorb water vapor in the humid environment of the human respiratory tract. Experimental and theoretical data that describe particle size as a function of temperature and relative humidity were used in computer subroutines of an aerosol deposition model in order to calculate the dose dispersion of H2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4HSO4 aerosols in man. Different temperature and relative humidity environments that approximately correspond to nasal and oral breathing were studied. The predicted deposition patterns are very different from those of nonhygroscopic aerosols with identical inhaled mass median aerodynamic diameter values.
Diagnosis and Modern Treatment of Pulmonary Consumption, With Special Reference to the Early Recognition and Permanent Arrest of the Disease.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transtracheal Ventilation
Authors: Douglas B. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Attia et al (234:1152, 1975) describes the use of a 14-gauge catheter inserted percutaneously into the trachea to deliver oxygen to a patient with severe laryngeal obstruction. While referring to earlier animal experiments, the authors did not credit Jacoby et al<sup>1</sup>for first describing this method of emergency oxygenation in humans. A more contemporary description of the use of the technique, which included mechanical ventilation as well as oxygenation, was provided by Jacobs.<sup>2</sup> The authors also did not emphasize that mortality and major morbidity have been reported with procedures utilizing cricothyroid membrane or tracheal puncture.<sup>3</sup>We recently encountered a patient in whom severe airway obstruction due to extensive subcutaneous emphysema followed cricothyroid membrane puncture performed as an aid to tracheal intubation.<sup>4,5</sup> Transtracheal ventilation is an important technique in emergency medicine; however, it is not without major complications. Like any other procedure,
Temporal patterns of cocaine use in pregnancy. Perinatal outcome
Authors: I. J. Chasnoff
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Seventy-five cocaine-using women enrolled in a comprehensive perinatal care program were divided into two groups: those who used cocaine in only the first trimester of pregnancy (group 1 [N = 23]) and those who used cocaine throughout pregnancy (group 2 [N = 52]). Perinatal outcomes of these pregnancies were compared with perinatal outcomes of a matched group of obstetric patients with no history or evidence of substance abuse (group 3 [N = 40]). Group 2 women had an increased rate of preterm delivery and low-birth-weight infants as well as an increased rate of intrauterine growth retardation. Group 1 women had rates of these complications similar to the drug-free group. Mean birth weight, length, and head circumference for term infants were reduced in only the group 2 infants. However, both groups of cocaine-exposed infants demonstrated significant impairment of orientation, motor, and state regulation behaviors on the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. (<i>JAMA</i>1989;261:1741-1744)
Phase II study of everolimus (RAD001) in metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urothelium.
Authors: M. I. Milowsky, A. Trout, A. M. Regazzi, I. Garcia-Grossman, A. Flaherty, S. Tickoo, H. Al-Ahmadie, D. F. Bajorin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

TPS229 Background: Metastatic TCC that has progressed after first-line chemotherapy has a poor prognosis with no standard second-line therapy. Everolimus selectively inhibits mTOR, a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation, survival and angiogenesis. We have previously demonstrated the overexpression of activated mTOR pathway markers including phospho-S6 and phospho-4E BP1 in invasive TCC specimens (GU Cancers Symposium, Ab. 292, 2008). This ongoing phase II trial is evaluating everolimus in patients with progressive advanced/metastatic TCC that has progressed despite treatment with prior chemotherapy. Methods: Eligible patients include those with progressive metastatic TCC with at least one measurable site of disease. Patients may have received at least one prior cytotoxic agent but not more than four prior agents. The prior therapy must have included at least one of the following: cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, or gemcitabine. Patients must have pretreatment tumor tissue available for analysis of m-TOR pathway markers. Eligible patients must have a KPS ≥ 60% and adequate bone marrow, liver, renal and pulmonary function. 20 evaluable patients have received everolimus to date. Everolimus is administered orally at 10 mg daily continuously from day 1 until progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity with response evaluations every 2 cycles. The primary endpoint is the proportion of patients who are progression-free after two months using a Simon's Minimax two-stage design. A two-month PFS rate of 50% is not promising, while a 70% two- month PFS rate is promising. In stage 1, 23 evaluable patients will be accrued. If ≥ 13 patients are progression-free at two months, enrollment will be extended to 37 patients. If ≥ 24 patients are progression-free at two months, the treatment will be declared worthy of further testing. An analysis of pre-treatment tumor tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry for markers of an activated mTOR pathway including phsopho-S6 and phospho-4E BP1 will be correlated with PFS. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly Lilly Amgen, Genentech, Novartis
Fecal Acidorrhea
Authors: Luis Bustos Fernández, Enrique Gonzalez, Adriana Marzi, M. Isabel Ledesma de Paolo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Analysis of stools collected from 20 healthy subjects showed that the most highly concentrated solute in fecal water was organic anion (OA-), 174.2 ± 8.40 (S.E.) mEq per liter. Fecal output of organic anion averaged 13.1 ± 1.2 mEq per 24 hours. The comparable value for lactic acid was 0.62 ± 0.17, for sodium 2.6 ± 0.38 and for potassium 7.6 ± 1.06. Fecal weight and daily OA- output showed a positive correlation (r = 0.89). A similar correlation (r = 0.88) was found in 472 fecal samples that were obtained at random from various subjects. Eight of the normal subjects were given diets rich in sucrose, cellulose or organic acid. No significant changes were observed either in fecal weight or in output of OA-, NA+, or K+. On the other hand, the concentration of potassium but not of OA- or NA+ increased. In 29 patients suffering from various types of malabsorption hyperacidorrhea was evident: the fecal organic anion output averaged two to five times the upper limit of normal.
Correlation of VEGF with immune suppression involving MDSC, malnutrition, and prognosis in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer.
Authors: Kenji Gonda, Masahiko Shibata, Daisuke Ujiie, Mai Ashizawa, Hirokazu Okayama, Shoutarou Fujita, Wataru Sakamoto, Takahiro Nakajima, Hisahito Endo, Motonobu Saito, Zenichiro Saze, Tomoyuki Monma, Shinji Ohki, Koji Kono, Seiichi Takenoshita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

582 Background: Although a causal relationship for inflammation and immunity of cancer is more widely accepted today, the precise cell mechanisms mediating this relationship have not been elucidated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), previously known as vascular permeability factor. 45 kDa protein, belongs to a family of platelet-derived growth factors. VEGF, inflammation-related protein, could contribute to the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells (MDSC, Treg, TAM, and Tie-2-expressingmonocytes) in tumor-bearing hosts through direct or indirect mechanisms. Methods: We tested the serum levels of VEGF by ELISA in 106 patients including 43 with gastric and 63 with colorectal cancer, and they were increased in advanced stages of gastric and colorectal cancer. Production of IL-17, pro-inflammatory cytokine, with a stimulation of PHA was measured by ELISA and MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells), one of major immunosuppressing cells, was measured by flow cytometry (CD11b+CD14-CD33+). Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as inflammatory markers. Production of IL-12 and SI (stimulation index) of blastogenic response of lymphocytes were used as markers of cell-mediated immune response. Results: The concentrations of VEGF were positively correlated with levels of MDSC, production of IL-17, NLR and CRP, and were inversely correlated with IL-12 production, SI and nutritional markers including prealbumin and retinol binding protein. The patients were both divided into two groups with a serum level of VEGF (330 pg/ml) and OS (overall survival) of patients with stages III and IV gastric or colorectal cancer were both significantly worse in patients with high levels of VEGF than in those with low VEGF although the differences were not significant in patients with stagesⅠand II. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that VEGF may have an impact on advancement and progression involving inflammation and serve as useful markers of the immune suppression involving MDSC, malnutrition and poor prognosis in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer.
Sex and Gender Bias in Illustrations in Anatomy and Physical Diagnosis Texts
Authors: Jonathan D. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I see that the study by Ms Mendelsohn and colleagues<sup>1</sup>includes a useful Table regarding frequency of male vs female figures in anatomy texts. However, I cannot see that any of the conclusions drawn by the authors regarding the significance of these findings are supported by the data. The authors state, "As a result, students may develop an incomplete knowledge of normal female anatomy." As reproductive illustrations were excluded from the study and no study of outcome was included, the issue of students' knowledge is not even remotely addressed by the data. It is interesting to note that this comment has been quoted widely in the lay press, including our local newspaper,<i>The Toledo Blade</i>, and it is generally understood by these lay people that the conclusion derives from the data. The only conclusion that can be made from the data presented is that in situations
Medical Education, Registration and Hospital Service
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of the Heartbeat Wales programme
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Protecting children from armed conflictChildren affected by war must not be stigmatised as permanently damagedEditor-Southall and Abbasi quote Unicef when they state that the psychological consequences of armed conflict on children are so great that they can rarely be repaired. 1Unicef indeed says that "time does not heal trauma," but there is no sound empirical basis for a generalisation that risks stigmatising whole populations of children affected by war as sick or permanently damaged.Even child survivors of Auschwitz did not turn out like this as a general rule, and there are no published studies of children from non-Western war zones to support such a conlusion.Unicef and other agencies need to review such claims and costly interventions based on them; the claims owe more to prevailing sociocultural assumptions in the West than anything else.Over the past 50 years psychological explanations for life events and the medicalisation of distress have grown hugely.Because many people believe, for example, that rape or other criminal violence, childhood abuse, or even persistent bullying at school is an experience that may have lifelong psychological effects it seems unthinkable that war and atrocity should not do this to almost everyone exposed to them.Constructions of "trauma" deployed in the health field are increasingly expansive and undiscriminating. 2 No one wants to play down what children may suffer, or that war may produce clear psychological dysfunction in some (a minority).But it is not to their mental worlds but to their social worlds that survivors direct their attention, and humanitarian agencies should follow suit.The literature of both anthropology and mental health (in the case of mental health, starting with a classic study by Freud and Burlingham 3 ) shows the positive impact of family and community in buffering the short and longer term effects of war.The concept of child trauma is currently fashionable.But it is the social, cultural, and economic rebuilding of worlds shattered by war (including valued institutions such as schools), allied to urgent issues of equity and justice, which will determine the future wellbeing of several million child survivors worldwide. 4For those for whom this does not happen war may indeed mean a life sentence, but this is not trauma.
Miscellany.
Authors: George A. Zeller
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Observations on the medical treatment of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: J. B. Kirsner
Journal: JAMA (1980)

IN THE absence of decisive knowledge of the causes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), there continues to be no consistently curative medical treatment for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.<sup>1-3</sup>Treatment has included such widely diverse approaches as prefrontal lobotomy,<sup>4</sup>hog extract,<sup>5</sup>Calmette-Guérin bacillus,<sup>6,7</sup>vaccines including Bargen's<i>Streptococcus</i>, irradiation,<sup>8</sup>gonadotropins, "regulation of abnormal electrical rhythm of the bowel" with coherin,<sup>9</sup>fasting, tranquilizers, phenylbutazone,<sup>10</sup>lithium carbonate,<sup>11</sup>psychotherapy,<sup>12</sup>mineral water,<sup>13</sup>immunosuppressive drugs, and empirical measures for which rationale is not apparent. Many patients with mild ulcerative colitis and with mild regional enteritis respond favorably to simple treatments, including adequate rest, dietary adjustments, sedation, and perhaps sulfasalazine and other antibacterial agents. The emphasis in this article, therefore, is on selected aspects of the medical treatment of the moderately or severely ill IBD patient. A major flaw in the evaluation of therapeutic agents in IBD is
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

Allergens in Best-selling Moisturizers 1099Moisturizers improve skin barrier function, reduce transepidermal water loss, and decrease cutaneous inflammation.Moisturizers free of irritants or allergens are a mainstay of prevention and treatment for irritant or allergic contact dermatitis.In this cohort study, Xu et al evaluate 174 best-selling whole-body moisturizers by price, presence of ingredients represented in the North American Contact Dermatitis Group, presence of cross-reactors for fragrances, and vehicle type.Few moisturizers were free of potential skin allergens, and dermatologists must be prepared to provide specific product and manufacturer recommendations to guide patients toward the best products.Zirwas provides the Editorial.
Responses of Nonhuman Primates to a Polybrominated Biphenyl Mixture
Authors: L. K. Lambrecht, D. A. Barsotti, J. R. Allen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

In a series of experiments, rhesus monkeys have been given in their diets 0.3, 1.5, and 25 ppm of a commercial polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) (as FireMaster FF-1). The seven adult female monkeys receiving 0.3 ppm PBB have been on the treatment regime for 15 months and have consumed over 22 mg of PBB. During the initial 6 months of exposure, they lost weight and 2 of the animals develop sterile abscesses. At 6 months, 4 of the 7 animals had flattened and lengthened serum progesterone peaks. This change was correlated with an increase in length of their menstrual cycles. After 6 months of PBB exposure, the animals were bred. Two of the 7 animals showed excessive and prolonged implantation bleeding. Two abortions and 5 live births were recorded. All of the experimental infants were smaller than the controls at birth. The animals receiving a diet containing 1.5 ppm PBB for 36 weeks (total intake 70 mg) have shown a moderate weight loss and decrease in serum cholesterol. Similar changes have also been recorded in the group given the 25 ppm PBB diet for 14 weeks (approximately 500 mg total intake). In addition, these animals have also developed a hyperplastic gastritis.
MOUNTAIN MAGIC
Journal: JAMA (1966)

It is alleged that magic mists which shroud the mountaintops pervade the air with health-restoring powers. "During the entire journey," wrote Trudeau<sup>1</sup>in his autobiography reminiscing about his historic move to the Adirondacks, "I had felt gloomy forebodings as to the hopelessness of my case, but, under the<i>magic</i>influence of the surroundings I had longed for, these all disappeared and I felt convinced I was going to recover." The "magic influence" indeed worked wonders for Trudeau, who lived to see his humble establishment at Saranac Lake, NY, grow and develop into a modern sanatorium—the first of its kind on the North American continent and a model for others to follow. One of Trudeau's patients was Robert Louis Stevenson, who spent the fall-winter of 1887-1888 at Saranac Lake; there he wrote some of his best essays. To his physician's disappointment, none of the latter dealt with the writer's immediate