tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Autoantibodies in Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Y Naparstek
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1993)

In autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies may be the actual pathogenetic agents of the disease, the secondary consequences of tissue damage, or the harmless footprints of an etiologic agent. Establishing a pathogenetic role for autoantibodies requires that they meet stringent criteria. It appears that the location of the presumptive target antigen most critically influences the pathogenetic potential of autoantibodies. Autoantibodies directed against cell surface targets, such as hormone receptors, are clearly pathogenetic; those directed against extracellular targets, such as circulating molecules or extracellular matrix, may or may not cause any damage. Those apparently directed against intracellular targets are usually not pathogenetic unless it can be clearly demonstrated (a) that the antigen is released from within the cell so that it can bind onto a cell surface receptor or other extracellular location, such as proteinase 3; (b) that the antigen moves to an aberrant site on the cell surface, such as, perhaps, the small ribonucleoprotein antigen Ro; or (c) that a cross-reactive molecule, the actual target, such as the membrane ribosomal P-like protein, is at an accessible location.
Major changes seen for US childhood vaccination
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE FIRST steps on the road to a nationwide, broad-based immunization program for US children have been taken. If the plans being discussed come to fruition—and it seems likely that they will—major changes are coming in the way vaccine-preventable diseases will be managed in this country. These changes will affect the entire spectrum of immunization, from the development of new types of vaccines, through their distribution, to the ways in which they are used in the population. For a start, the National Vaccine Program Office in the Department of Health and Human Services has been overhauled. Donald A. Henderson, MD, deputy assistant secretary for health, has appointed Anthony Robbins, MD, professor of public health, Boston (Mass) University School of Medicine, as the office's director. Robbins, who replaces Kenneth J. Bart, MD, is an experienced public health official who was a member of the Committee on Energy and Commerce in the
The fate of intravenously injected endotoxin in normal rats and in rats with liver failure
Authors: A Nakao
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The elimination of endotoxin from the blood was studied in rats with D-galactosamine–induced liver failure and in normal controls after intravenous injection of various doses of endotoxin. Endotoxin was found to localize in liver tissue by immunohistochemical staining with factor C, which is derived from amebocyte lysate of the horseshoe crab and which reacts specifically with endotoxin. Before injection, the blood endotoxin concentrations were normal both in control rats and in rats with liver failure. The blood concentrations of endotoxin were significantly higher after intravenous injection of endotoxin in the D-galactosamine–induced liver failure group (p<0.05) and decreased much more slowly (p<0.05). Endotoxin concentrations were also significantly higher after in vitro incubation with plasma from rats with liver failure (p<0.05). After intravenous injection of endotoxin (1 mg/kg), endothelial and Kupffer cells in the liver sinusoids were positively stained for endotoxin in the control group, but not stained or faintly stained in the liver failure group. Endotoxemia in liver failure thus results from reduced inactivation of endotoxin in plasma and from impaired hepatic clearance. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:1251–1256.)
Information for patients
Authors: J. Street
Journal: BMJ (1992)

tantalisingly useful literature not readily available in any British library, from such titles as the Indiaii ]ooroal of Oplhthalniology or J7ounmal of tze Teoenessee Medical Associatioo.Photocopying?Marvellous invention!Never has so much been copied by so many but, I suggest, used by so few.Beware the siege mentality that requires a copy when, previously, reading, digest- ing, and a few notes would have sufficed.Copyright?Hideous piece of legislation, but, sadly, ours was the lone voice against it as it went through parliament and we are left with the unenviable task of making its impracticalities work.As for licences, Drife is presumably referring to higher education: negotiations between the
CORRESPONDENCE
Authors: F. F. Hellier
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1944)

Journal Article CORRESPONDENCE Get access F. F. Hellier, R. A. M. C. Lt.‐Col. F. F. Hellier, R. A. M. C. Lt.‐Col. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 56, Issue 5-6, 1 May 1944, Pages 143–144, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1944.tb10837.x Published: 01 May 1944
Das "Vegetative Syste" der Epileptiker.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nosocomial Bacteremia
Authors: John E. McGowan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

During a six-month period, 187 inpatients had bacteremia associated with community-acquired infection and 91 patients had bacteremia from a nosocomial infection. The most frequently identified sites of infection in both types of bacteremia were the respiratory and urinary tracts.<i>Escherichia coli</i>and<i>Diplococcus pneumoniae</i>were the organisms most frequently isolated from cultures of patients with community-acquired bacteremia, and<i>E coli, Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and<i>Klebsiella</i>were most frequently isolated from patients with nosocomial bacteremia. Bacteremic nosocomial infections were related to urinary catheters, respiratory and intravenous therapy, or hyperalimentation in 32 of the 91 cases. Even assuming the unproved hypotheses that rigid adherence to current guidelines would prevent all of these procedure-related cases, 59 cases of bacteremia would still have occurred. This emphasizes the need for further research into prevention of nosocomial infection. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2727-2729, 1977)
Metabolic syndrome and colon cancer: Is hyperinsulinemia/insulin receptor-mediated angiogenesis a critical process?
Authors: J. Liu, M. Druta, D. Shibata, D. Coppola, I. Boler, A. Elahi, E. Siegel, M. Extermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e14004 Background: Components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) have been individually linked to colon cancer (CC) risk and prognosis. An understanding of the dominant mechanisms is lacking. Methods: 21 patients (10 MS; 11 non-MS) with resectable CC were prospectively enrolled. Patients were classified for MS by the WHO criteria and tested for circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-6, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fasting insulin, and tumor expression of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin-receptor (IR) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). Circulating markers were re-tested 6 months after surgery (Sx). Results: The MS group had significantly higher baseline and post-operative fasting insulin levels (p<0.001 and 0.003). No differences were observed in circulating IL-6, VEGF, IGF-1 and free IGF-1. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), IGF-1R expression was significantly higher in tumor vs. normal tissues (p<0.001) while IR expression showed no difference. Interestingly, 7 out of 11 tumors demonstrated high IR positivity in the neovessels within or surrounding the tumor stroma, but not in the vessels away from the tumor. By RT-PCR, tumor IGF-1R over-expression (80%, 12/15) was confirmed, but there was no difference between MS and non-MS patients. Tumor RAGE over-expression was found in 67% (10/15) of patients who equally distributed between the two groups (Table). Conclusions: Hyperinsulinemia was the only significant factor distinguishing CC patients with MS. The preferential overexpression of IR in the peri-tumoral microvessels suggests hyperinsulinemia may contribute to CC growth by enhancing angiogenesis. Comparisons of circulating and tissue markers between MS and non-MS patients. Serum Tissue IGF-1 (ng/L) Free IGF-1 (pg/L) Insulin (uIU/mL) Insulin-R IHC (Allred score) IGF-1R IHC (Allred score) IGF-1R PCR N pre-Sx post-Sx pre-Sx post-Sx pre-Sx post-Sx N Tumor (11) Normal (19) Peri-tumorvessel (7) Tumor (11) Normal (19) N Over-express Under-express MS MedianRange 10 144 145 458 354 12 11 16 3 4 8 7 4 7 7 0 264 111 982 678 20 34 6 7 2 2 2 Non-MS MedianRange 11 118 127 592 361 4 6 14 0 5 8 6.5 4 8 5 3 206 154 431 1037 8 15 4 7 2 2 3
Reply to M.V. Meng’s Letter to the Editor re: H. Baumert et al. The Use of Polymer (Hem-o-lok) Clips for Management of the Renal Hilum During Laparoscopic Nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2006;49:816–9 and P.L. Steinberg et al. re: H. Baumert et al. The Use of Polymer (Hem-o-lok) Clips for Management of the Renal Hilum During Laparoscopic Nephrectomy. Eur Urol 2006;49:816–9. Eur Urol 2007;51:572–3
Authors: Hugh F. O'Kane, Thiagarajan Nambirajan
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Brain Edema
Authors: Walter Grand
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book is based on a brain edema conference in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in 1978, but also includes material not discussed at the conference. It sharply focuses on three aspects of brain edema: basic research, clinical aspects, and therapy. Each chapter provides a concise and clear discussion of its topic, revealing some controversy in the field, yet drawing definite conclusions at the end of each chapter to guide the reader. The references are excellent and provide a good basis for the reader to investigate each topic further. Although research is discussed heavily in each chapter, it is drawn nicely into pertinent clinical application. Although this book is far from a complete and detailed discussion of brain edema, particularly in reference to electron microscopy, it is an excellent, concise, and pertinent discussion of this topic for the medical student, resident, neurologist, and neurosurgeon. The authors are highly qualified neuroscientists from around
NETHERLANDS
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Breast cancer among radiologic technologists
Authors: J. D. Boice
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the risk of breast cancer among women occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A health survey of 105 385 women radiologic technologists certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists since 1926. Among 79016 respondents, 600 breast cancer cases were identified. Each of 528 eligible subjects with breast cancer was matched to five control subjects based on age, year of certification, and follow-up time. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Relative risk (RR) estimated as the relative odds ratio for breast cancer over categories of years worked as a radiologic technologist and according to personal and occupational exposure characteristics. <h3>Results.</h3> —Study subjects had been certified for a mean of 29 years; 63.8% of cases and 62.6% of controls worked as radiologic technologists for 10 years or more. Significant increased risks for breast cancer were associated with early age at menarche (for &lt;11 years of age: RR=1.79; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.09 to 2.94), nulliparity (RR=1.36; 95% Cl, 1.04 to 1.78), first-degree relative with history of breast cancer (RR=2.07; 95% Cl, 1.56 to 2.74), prior breast biopsy (RR=1.53; 95% Cl, 1.17 to 2.00), alcohol consumption (for &gt;14 alcoholic drinks per week: RR=2.12; 95% Cl, 1.06 to 4.27), thyroid cancer (RR=5.36; 95% Cl, 1.64 to 17.5), hyperthyroidism (RR=1.66; 95% Cl, 1.02 to 2.71), and residence in the northeastern United States (RR=1.66; 95% Cl, 1.19 to 2.30). Jobs involving radiotherapy, radioisotopes, or fluoroscopic equipment, however, were not linked to breast cancer risk, nor were personal exposures to fluoroscopy or multifilm procedures. Use of birth control pills, postmenopausal estrogens, or permanent hair dyes also were not risk factors. Based on dosimetry records for 35% of study subjects, cumulative exposures appeared low. Among women who worked more than 20 years, the RR for breast cancer was 1.13 (95% Cl, 0.79 to 1.64). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —More than 50% of the reported breast cancers could be explained by established risk factors. Employment as a radiologic technologist, however, was not found to increase the risk of breast cancer. The contribution of prolonged exposure to relatively low doses of ionizing radiation to breast cancer risk was too small to be detectable at this time. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:394-401)
Manpower problems in the allied health field
Authors: H. I. Greenfield
Journal: JAMA (1968)

In a recent study of American science policy by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the following statement appeared: "This [referring to the United States] is a new country looking for a better division of labor and constantly growing productivity; one agricultural worker for 6.95 people in 1900, one for 39.97 in 1964" (<i>New York Times</i>[Jan 13, 1963] p 10). In other words, the agricultural worker of 1964 was about six times more productive than his 1900 counterpart. How has the health worker fared by comparison? In 1900, there were about 200,000 health workers in a total population of some 76 million or one health worker for 380 people; in 1964 there were roughly 3 million health workers and a population of approximately 197 million or one health worker for 66 people.<sup>1-3</sup>If the 1964 health worker was as productive as the 1964 agricultural worker, we
EDITORIAL
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1976)

As mentioned in the Editorial of the last journal, this number is devoted to the Proceedings of an international symposium held at Newmarket in May this year, and devoted to the problem of the detection of doping in racehorses.The organising committee of the symposium asked the B.A.S.M. if we would publish these proceedings, and we are gratified that this journal should be the one asked to do this.The B.A.S.M. was invited to send a representative.Delegates came from many countries in which horse racing occurs.Many of the overseas analysts worked in laboratories in which the detection of doping in human sport was an important part of the work, and several of these workers were already well known to us from international meetings which included various aspects of doping in sport, and the illegal use of anabolic steroids in sportsmen and racing animals.The organising committee wish to thank the Horse Race Betting Levy Board for their most generous financial support, not only for the expenses of the symposium itself, but also for making a substantial contribution towards the publlication of the proceedings.Support was also given by Messrs Finnigan Instruments Ltd., and by Arnolds' Veterinary Products Ltd.
ATP-dependent taurocholate transport by rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles
Authors: Yukihiko Adachi, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Yoshiaki Kurumi, Mika Shouji, Motokazu Kitano, Toshio Yamamoto
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We conducted an experimental study to examine the possibility that ATP is involved in the mechanism by which bile acids are excreted through the liver canalicular membrane in opposing the concentration gradient. Canalicular membrane vesicles were purified from the livers of Sprague-Dawley rats, and the uptake of tritiated sodium taurocholate into canalicular membrane vesicles was determined by rapid filtration technique. Vesicle-associated sodium taurocholate was increased in the presence of ATP and ATP-regenerating system. This was also observed at a voltage-clamped condition. ATP-dependent uptake into the osmotically reactive intravesicular space was saturated with increasing concentrations of sodium taurocholate (K m = 47 μmol/L, V max = 270 pmoles/mg protein · 20s). ATP-dependent uptake increased to the point of saturation when the sodium taurocholate concentration was 50 μmol/L and the ATP concentration was increased from 0 to 1 mmol/L (K m = 64 μmol/L). Among the several nucleotides used, ATP was a potent stimulator of transport, whereas a nonhydrolyzable analogue (i.e., adenosine 5′-[β,γ-imino]triphosphate) showed no effect. In addition, ATP-dependent transport was inhibited by vanadate in a dose-dependent manner. From these results it was concluded that the primary active transport of sodium taurocholate is present in hepatocellular canalicular membranes. This transport is directly dependent on ATP, and hydrolysis of γ-phosphate of ATP is required. (Hepatology 1991;14:655-659.)
Public life and private information
Authors: J. B. Robitscher
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The publication after their death of information on health problems of President Kennedy and Prime Minister Churchill has raised questions on the treating physician's right to divulge information about patients. The problem is not one of privilege, as is often stated, but rather one of confidentiality. This report suggests that, since public personages often manipulate the content of information released about their health during their lifetime, after their deaths their physicians have a right to reveal information clarifying and supplementing lifetime reports without violating the general rule of confidentiality.
Diabetes Research Plan Presented to Congress
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Critical Review of Epidemiologic Studies Related to Ingested Asbestos
Authors: Gary M. Marsh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Thirteen epidemiologic studies of ingested asbestos conducted in five areas of the United States and Canada were reviewed and evaluated for the definitiveness and applicability regarding the development of ambient water quality standards. One or more studies found male or female associations between asbestos in water supplies and cancer mortality (or incidence) due to neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, peritoneum, lungs, pleura, prostate, kidneys, brain, and thyroid, and also due to leukemia. Several methodologic weaknesses and limitations were found in each study, leading to the determination that no individual study or aggregation of studies exist that would establish risk levels from ingested asbestos. A binomial probability analysis of the eight independent studies suggested that, while the level of male-female agreement was generally low, the number of observed positive associations in males and females for neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and prostate was unlikely to have been generated by chance factors alone, and thus, may have a biological basis related to ingested asbestos. Cancers of the small intestine and leukemia were implicated to a lesser degree in this analysis. The patterns of integrated findings for most gastrointestinal cancers were somewhat consistent with patterns observed among asbestos-exposed occupational groups, whereas the patterns found for pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, and leukemia were not consistent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Allium Vegetables and Organosulfur Compounds: Do They Help Prevent Cancer?
Authors: Franca Bianchini, Harri Vainio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Allium vegetables have been shown to have beneficial effects against several diseases, including cancer. Garlic, onions, leeks, and chives have been reported to protect against stomach and colorectal cancers, although evidence for a protective effect against cancer at other sites, including the breast, is still insufficient. The protective effect appears to be related to the presence of organosulfur compounds and mainly allyl derivatives, which inhibit carcinogenesis in the forestomach, esophagus, colon, mammary gland, and lung of experimental animals. The exact mechanisms of the cancer-preventive effects are not clear, although several hypotheses have been proposed. Organosulfur compounds modulate the activity of several metabolizing enzymes that activate (cytochrome P450s) or detoxify (glutathione S-transferases) carcinogens and inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in several target tissues. Antiproliferative activity has been described in several tumor cell lines, which is possibly mediated by induction of apoptosis and alterations of the cell cycle. Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds are thus possible cancer-preventive agents. Clinical trials will be required to define the effective dose that has no toxicity in humans.