tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Estimation of Overall Treatment Burden: Why Not Ask the Obvious?
Authors: J. Bernhard, R. Maibach, B. Thürlimann, C. Sessa, M. S. Aapro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical validity of patients’ estimation of overall treatment burden. This measure was expected to be responsive to the wide spectrum of reactions on treatment and thus less precise for specific effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After the first chemotherapy within a randomized, double-blind trial of the prophylaxis for delayed emesis (SAKK 90/95), 249 patients documented nausea and vomiting daily for 6 days. Over the whole period, they estimated nausea/vomiting (N/V) burden and overall treatment burden by linear analog-self assessment (LASA) indicators and documented other side effects. RESULTS: At day 6, the two burden indicators were moderately correlated (r = 0.58) in accordance with their different concepts. No, partial, or total control of delayed emesis (days 2 to 6) was reflected in a consistent pattern by both indicators, with a stronger and more significant effect (P &lt; .001) on changes in N/V burden than overall treatment burden. In contrast, toxicity other than N/V, assessed independently by patients and physicians, was mainly associated with overall treatment burden. Patients who indicated at least one other side effect rated their overall burden substantially higher than those with no indication of other toxicity (P &lt; .0001). Physician-rated toxicity had a similar effect (P &lt; .0001). CONCLUSION: A direct patient estimation of overall treatment burden by a LASA indicator may serve as an end point in clinical trials, particularly when treatments with different toxicity profiles are being compared. It is complementary to physicians’ ratings of specific toxicities and a major component of patient-rated symptom checklists and quality-of-life measures.
Interferons
Authors: Monto Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Properties of InterferonsFrom a survey of the different systems for the production of interferon, it is evident that so far these have mostly yielded crude and unpurified preparations. They frequently contain the complex constituents of tissue-culture medium or tissue fluids, which may be depleted or altered by products of normal cell metabolism and degeneration. For these reasons, in tests for the inhibitory effects of these preparations controls consisting of depleted medium, or of fluids prepared in the same manner as interferon except for the inoculation of virus, have been included in most studies. In certain cases6 such controls were . . .
MEDICINE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The impact of dementia on the family
Authors: P. V. Rabins
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To determine the impact of dementia on the family, we interviewed the primary care givers of 55 patients suffering from an irreversible dementia. Problems reported included disturbances of patient behavior such as catastrophic reactions, waking at night, suspiciousness, and communication disorders, some of which can be alleviated by physician-initiated intervention. Care givers also reported that they themselves had feelings of anger, depression, and fatigue, which can be treated as well. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:333-335)
Theranostic DNAzymes
Authors: Wenhu Zhou, Jinsong Ding, Juewen Liu
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

DNAzymes are catalytically active DNA molecules that are obtained via in vitro selection.RNA-cleaving DNAzymes have attracted significant attention for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their excellent programmability, stability, and activity.They can be designed to cleave a specific mRNA to down-regulate gene expression.At the same time, DNAzymes can sense a broad range of analytes.By combining these two functions, theranostic DNAzymes are obtained.This review summarizes the progress of DNAzyme for theranostic applications.First, in vitro selection of DNAzymes is briefly introduced, and some representative DNAzymes related to biological applications are summarized.Then, the applications of DNAzyme for RNA cleaving are reviewed.DNAzymes have been used to cleave RNA for treating various diseases, such as viral infection, cancer, inflammation and atherosclerosis.Several formulations have entered clinical trials.Next, the use of DNAzymes for detecting metal ions, small molecules and nucleic acids related to disease diagnosis is summarized.Finally, the theranostic applications of DNAzyme are reviewed.The challenges to be addressed include poor DNAzyme activity under biological conditions, mRNA accessibility, delivery, and quantification of gene expression.Possible solutions to overcome these challenges are discussed, and future directions of the field are speculated.
Emerging transcriptional landscape and putative therapeutic strategies in young patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).
Authors: Todd M. Pitts, Jihye Kim, Aik-Choon Tan, Y. Nancy You, Cathy Eng, S. Gail Eckhardt, Christopher Hanyoung Lieu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e14627 Background: Patients younger than 50 yrs of age comprise roughly 10% of the total incidence of CRC, but the incidence in the younger population is increasing. Recent data suggest that younger patients are at higher risk of progression of disease and death from CRC (Lieu et al. ESMO 2013). The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate genomic differences between younger and older CRC tumors to generate hypotheses regarding potential differences in tumor biology that may explain worse outcome in young patients. Methods: To determine genomic differences in tumors from younger and older patients with CRC, a cohort of metastatic microsatellite stable CRC tumors was selected using tumors from 5 younger patients ( < 35 yrs) and 6 older patients ( > 70 yrs). Total RNA was extracted from the tumor tissues and sequenced with Illumina HiSeq 2000. On average, 45 millions reads were obtained from individual tumor samples. Sequencing reads were mapped to the reference genome using Bowtie; exon junctions were mapped using TopHat and transcript assembly was performed using Cufflinks. Results: The median ages for the younger and older cohorts were 31 and 73, respectively. From the RNA-seq analysis, gene expression profiles from younger patients were enriched with drug metabolism pathways, including the cytochrome P450 and ABC transporter pathways, in addition to pathways associated with metabolism and excretion of 5-fluorouracil and irinotecan. Other pathways enriched in younger patients included the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway and insulin growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). In a prior preclinical study (Pitts et al Clin Can Res 2010), the majority of the patient-derived tumor xenografts sensitive to an IGF1R inhibitor were from patients < 45 yrs old. These data, although preliminary, may provide support to explore IGF1R and its downstream signaling pathways as therapeutic targets for younger patients. Conclusions: In this pilot study, patients < 35 yrs with metastatic CRC exhibited gene sets enriched for several metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling, and IGF1R. These results are hypothesis generating and are being investigated further in a larger validation cohort.
Respiratory viruses and mycoplasma as cofactors for epidemic group A meningococcal meningitis
Authors: P. S. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To investigate the role of coincident respiratory viral and mycoplasmal agents in the pathogenesis of meningococcal meningitis, we performed a matched case-control study of 62 patients with group A meningococcal meningitis during an epidemic in Chad. Case patients were more likely than controls to have nasal colonization or infection with respiratory viruses and<i>Mycoplasma</i>species (matched odds ratio, 23; 95% confidence interval, 3.1 to 170). Respiratory pathogens were found more commonly in older patients with meningitis (odds ratios were 2.9 for children under age 5 years and 46.5 in those over age 15 years), consistent with the increasing risk of meningitis with age during epidemics. In controls, the presence of respiratory pathogens increased the risk of upper-respiratory-tract symptoms but did not significantly increase meningococcal carriage. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1271-1275)
Total leucoderma: a rare manifestation of cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: A. NAGLER, M.A. GOLDENHERSH, F. LEVI-SCHAFFER, J.-C. BYSTRYN, S.N. KLAUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Summary We describe a 14-year-old boy who developed total leucoderma during the course of chronic graft versus- host disease, which developed after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Skin biopsy and dihydroxy-phenylalanine staining revealed a total absence of melanocyte from the epidermis. Cytotoxic anti-melanocyte antibodies were found in the patient's serum, and this probably explains the development of the leucoderma.
Journal American Dental Association, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Diseases of Infancy and Childhood, with Points on the Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene Peculiar to the Developing Period.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiology
Authors: Ronald G. Evens
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The expanding capabilities and uses of diagnostic imaging continue to be driven by advances in technology<i>and</i>an increasing understanding of the appropriate application of technology to patient care. Exciting diagnostic radiology developments in the past year were usually associated with technical, but not necessarily new, procedures. For example, mammography, a technique originating in the 1950s, is now the most rapidly growing diagnostic procedure. Previous investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of mammography screening in early detection of breast cancer, and promotional efforts by many medical, governmental, and private organizations have influenced a growing number of women to obtain mammograms, resulting in a dramatic increase in the number of imaging procedures. A current focus is to improve the quality of mammography practices<sup>1</sup>by analysis of the technical image and the professional interpretation. One review<sup>2</sup>of 27 000 mammography screening procedures reported a sensitivity and specificity of more than 90%
Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objective To determine the effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Data sources Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane controlled trials register up to April 2008.Review methods Randomised controlled trials comparing fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil with placebo or no treatment in adults with irritable bowel syndrome were eligible for inclusion.The minimum duration of therapy considered was one week, and studies had to report either a global assessment of cure or improvement in symptoms, or cure of or improvement in abdominal pain, after treatment.A random effects model was used to pool data on symptoms, and the effect of therapy compared with placebo or no treatment was reported as the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of symptoms persisting.Results 12 studies compared fibre with placebo or no treatment in 591 patients (relative risk of persistent symptoms 0.87, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.00).This effect was limited to ispaghula (0.78, 0.63 to 0.96).Twenty two trials compared antispasmodics with placebo in 1778 patients (0.68, 0.57 to 0.81).Various antispasmodics were studied, but otilonium (four trials, 435 patients, relative risk of persistent symptoms 0.55, 0.31 to 0.97) and hyoscine (three trials, 426 patients, 0.63, 0.51 to 0.78) showed consistent evidence of efficacy.Four trials compared peppermint oil with placebo in 392 patients (0.43, 0.32 to 0.59).Conclusion Fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil were all more effective than placebo in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.
Blood and Its Derivatives
Authors: Sam T. Gibson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

SINCE prehistoric man first noticed the red fluid that issued from his wounds, much thought and energy have been expended toward the conservation, investigation and utilization of this life-symbolizing liquid — blood. The past decade has witnessed great advances along these lines impelled by the demands of the recent war. To summarize all aspects of this important subject, however, would involve a treatise on the major branches of medicine. This review is restricted to the following topics: whole blood—preservation, use, reactions, salvage of erythrocyte residues, physiology and procurement; plasma — homologous serum hepatitis and clinical use; plasma fractionation—methods, use of . . .
Gynecologic sonography. Report of the ultrasonography task force. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Sonography, because it is nonionizing, is the preferred imaging modality for the female pelvis. Traditionally, transabdominal, transcystic studies were performed However, development of transvaginal and transrectal transducers has led to enhanced imaging capabilities of the pelvis. These new technologies will likely improve our ability to understand gynecologic pathology. The clinical use of pelvic ultrasonography depends on a thorough understanding of normal anatomy and cyclical changes and on the relative limitations of the imaging modality in specifically characterizing pathologic processes. This article reviews the accepted role of pelvic sonography in gynecologic disease and provides a preview of some of the potential applications of recent advances in sonographic technology.
Association News
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypophosphatemia in hospitalized patients
Authors: D. Juan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Hypophosphatemia is common in hospitalized patients and occurs under a variety of circumstances other than parathyroid hormone excess. Charts of 100 inpatients with hypophosphatemia were reviewed and the patients divided into five groups on the basis of serum phosphate level: 18, 2.1 to 2.4 mg/dL; 49, 1.6 to 2.0 mg/dL; 20, 1.1 to 1.5 mg/dL; 12, 0.6 to 1.0 mg/dL; 1, 0.1 to 0.5 mg/dL. The effect of glucose ingestion on serum phosphate level was shown in one normal patient. Whenever carbohydrate was administered intravenously (45 cases), this was considered the primary cause of the hypophosphatemia. Other causes were as follows: diuretics, hyperalimentation, alcoholism, respiratory alkalosis, dialysis, insulin, corticosteroids, diabetic ketoacidosis, vomiting, phosphate-binding antacid, Gram-negative sepsis, primary hyperparathyroidism, saline, epinephrine, gastrointestinal malabsorption, and unknown. Hypophosphatemia in hospitalized patients may have multiple causes. (<i>JAMA</i>242:163-164, 1979)
Percutaneous transvenous cellular cardiomyoplasty: a novel nonsurgical approach for myocardial cell transplantation
Authors: Craig A. Thompson, Boris A. Nasseri, Joshua Makower, Irina Pomeraniseva, Theodore Lamson, John Y. Chang, Michael McGarry, Mark C. Fishman, Joseph P. Vacanti, Stephen N. Oesterie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
February 13, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Bernard Lo, MD; Delaney Ruston, MD; Laura W. Kates; Robert M. Arnold, MD; Cynthia B. Cohen, PhD, JD; Kathy Faber-Langendoen, MD; Steven Z. Pantilat, MD; Christina M. Puchalski, MD; Timothy R. Quill, MD; Michael W. Rabow, MD; Simeon Schreiber; Daniel P. Sulmasy, OSM, MD, PhD; James A. Tulsky, MD; for the Working Group on Religious and Spiritual Issues at the End of Life
Washed Feet
Authors: John Petrilli
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cervical spondylotic dysphagia
Authors: V. K. Gohel
Journal: JAMA (1976)

HYPERTROPHIC spurs along the cervical spine may cause varying degrees of dysphagia. In its severe form, it may simulate a neurogenic disorder or a tumor. Recently, we have examined several such patients, one of whom showed virtually all the clinical, endoscopic, and roentgenographic findings so far reported with this condition.<sup>1-5</sup>A new finding of Zenker diverticulum was also observed in this case. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 80-year-old man was examined in the radiology department for gradually increasing dysphagia of solid foods for ten years. The patient was well developed and well nourished. He denied losing any weight. The only noteworthy past history was his previous admission in 1967 for a similar complaint. He underwent esophagoscopy because of a preoperative diagnosis of possible pharyngeal carcinoma. At that time, fullness in the posterior pharyngeal wall appeared to be smooth and without ulceration. Fluoroscopy at the last visit showed gross disturbance