tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E
Authors: Rakesh Aggarwal, Shahid Jameel
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Hepatitis E refers to liver disease caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), a small, nonenveloped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome. The virus has four genotypes, but only one serotype. Genotypes 1 and 2 exclusively infect humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 also infect pigs and several other mammalian species. Though HEV does not grow well in cell culture, several aspects of its biology and pathogenesis have been worked out using animal models and cell transfection studies, and by analogy with other related viruses. HEV itself appears noncytopathic, and the liver injury during hepatitis E may be mediated by the host immune response. In areas with poor sanitation, HEV infection is common and presents as outbreaks and also as sporadic cases with acute self-limited hepatitis. The transmission is feco-oral, usually through contaminated drinking water. The disease often affects young adults and is particularly severe among pregnant women and persons with preexisting liver cirrhosis. In the developed world, the disease is being increasingly recognized. It occurs as occasional sporadic cases, most often among elderly men with coexisting illnesses. These appear to be related to zoonotic transmission. Chronic infection is known among immunosuppressed persons in these regions and may progress to liver cirrhosis. Serological tests for diagnosis of HEV exposure and recent infection, namely immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM anti-HEV, respectively, need further improvement in sensitivity and specificity, particularly when used in developed countries. Two recombinant protein vaccines have undergone successful human trials, but are not yet commercially available. Recent development of cell-culture methods for HEV should allow a better understanding of this enigmatic agent.
The New York County Medical Association.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE INCREASE OF SUICIDE.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE HEMOLYMPH GLANDS.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Smile a While
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gastrointestinal tumors (upper)
Authors: C Mariette, J Seitz, E Maillard, F Mornex, P Thomas, J Raoul, V Boige, D Pezet, C Genet, J Bosset, R Guimbaud, C Louvet, F Bonnetain, F Viret, E Samalin, J Gornet, T ´7, C Rebischung, O Bouche, J Jouve, S Pereira, S Hughes, M Roughton, P O'donoghue, H Wasan, J Valle, J Bridgewater, F Desseigne, M Ychou, M Ducreux, Y Becouarn, C Montoto-Grillot, S Gourgou-Bourgade, A Adenis, T Conroy, F Rivera, J Tabernero, M Gala, R Lo ´pez, B Queralt, J Garcı, J Ale ´s-Martı ´nez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2010)
Is diphenylhydantoin effective in treatment of alcohol withdrawal?
Authors: P. K. Gessner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Finer (<b>217</b>:211, 1971) and Adams (<b>218</b>:598, 1971) believe the concern I expressed (<b>216</b>:887,1971) regarding the use of diphenylhydantoin for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal is unwarranted. I am unconvinced. Available evidence does not suggest, in my view, that diphenylhydantoin by itself can prevent or control the seizures and other symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Given this dichotomy of opinions and its potential therapeutic significance, a review of the facts is warranted. While pharmacology textbooks<sup>1,2</sup>attest to the ability of diphenylhydantoin to control grand mal seizures in the epileptic, they remain silent regarding its effectiveness in controlling the seizures of alcohol withdrawal. The<i>Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics</i><sup>3</sup>comments that there are no well-controlled trials of diphenylhydantoin in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal and the<i>AMA Drug Evalvations</i>,<sup>4</sup>as Adams notes, states "the hydantoin are usually of little value" in preventing "these dangerous
Heberden Society. Annual General Meeting and Oration.
Authors: J Seegmiller, A Akyol, I Macklon, M Griffiths, H Schwarz, G Slavin, B Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Thirty-six patients with fully documented primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were assessed clinically, radiologically, and serologically for evidence of rheumatic disease.Thirty-three patients were female, mean age 58 years.All were assessed rheumatologically by one clinician.Radiographs of the hands were obtained in all and other joints when indicated.Rheumatoid and antinuclear factors and antibodies to extractable nuclear antigen-ENA (countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis) were measured in all patients.Nine patients had clinically evident inflammatory arthritis: 3 classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 4 seronegative, and 2 'overlap syndromes' (sclero- dactyly, synovitis, Raynaud's phenomenon, myo- sitis and telangiectasia).There was evidence of osteoarthrosis in 14 patients and chondrocalcinosis in 2. Seven patients had rheumatoid factor: 3 classical RA, 1 'overlap syndrome', and 3 were asymptomatic.Nine patients had antibodies to ENA and these were present in high titre in 2, both of whom had 'overlap syndromes.'RNAse sensitive ENA Ab was found in only 1 patient who had an overlap syndrome.We report, therefore clinically significant inflam- matory arthritis in 25% of these PBC patients.The presence of ENA antibodies in 9 of our series did not identify any apparent subgroup except when pre- sent in high titre.
Abdominal angina as a complication of methysergide maleate therapy
Authors: J. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1967)

METHYSERGIDE MALEATE has been used successfully as prophylaxis in the treatment of migraine and other vascular headaches.<sup>1,2</sup>The administration of the drug has been associated with the development of vascular insufficiency states, including angina pectoris,<sup>2</sup>acute ischemia of the limbs,<sup>3</sup>intermittent claudication,<sup>4</sup>and the Leriche syndrome.<sup>5</sup>Although gastrointestinal side effects, such as abdominal cramps, nausea, and diarrhea occur in about 15% of patients using methysergide,<sup>1,2</sup>abdominal angina has not, to our knowledge, previously been recognized as a complication of therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 43-year-old cook was admitted to the West Haven Veterans Administration Hospital in April 1966 because of abdominal pain of one month's duration. The pain was cramping and midabdominal with occasional radiation into his back. Meals would invariably bring on the pain which lasted for one to two hours. There was no relation of the pain to posture and there
Peer Review
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Concluding Comment
Authors: Gilbert H. Friedell, M.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Concluding Comment Get access Gilbert H. Friedell, M.D. Gilbert H. Friedell, M.D. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 43, Issue 1, July 1969, Page 307, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/43.1.307 Published: 01 July 1969
The Association of Physical Activity with Obesity Development during Adolescence:
Authors: Sue Y. S. Kimm, Nancy W. Glynn, Bruce A. Barton, Shari S. Kronsberg, George B. Schreiber, Stephen R. Daniels, Eva Obarzanek
Journal: Circulation (2001)

0006 The longitudinal data from NGHS show that physical activity (PA) fell by 35% in daily and 83% in weekly levels during adolescence, with greater decline for black (B) than white (W) girls. During these 10 years, the prevalence of obesity in NGHS doubled with higher rates in B girls than in W. The aim of this report is to examine the longitudinal association of PA and obesity development in 1213 B and 1166 W NGHS girls with annual followup from ages 9-10 to 18-19 years. Activity was assessed with a 3-day diary (AD) in tandem with a food diary and a habitual (past year) activity questionnaire (HAQ). Obesity was defined as ≥85 th percentile of the sum of skinfolds (at triceps, subscapular and suprailiac sites) using age-specific cutpoints. Longitudinal analysis (GEE) was done with the likelihood (odds ratio, OR) of obesity as the outcome measure. Predictor variables included race, visit, age of menarche, average daily energy intake, and activity (as average daily activity, AD score, in one model and average weekly activity, HAQ score, in another). Visit (age) and race were significant predictors (1.51 OR for black race) of obesity. Age of menarche, energy intake, and HAQ scores were significantly (p&lt;0.001 for all) and inversely associated with obesity. There was no significant interaction between race and HAQ, p=0.27. However, interaction between visit and HAQ was significant (p=0.01), indicating lower OR with higher HAQ from age 15 onward. The above analyses were repeated for AD in place of HAQ. Daily activity was not significantly (p=0.37) associated with obesity risk. We conclude that habitual, rather than short-term (AD), activity exerted a significant protective effect on the risk of developing obesity during adolescence. This finding is consistent with our previously reported lack of association between daily PA and obesity development in the NGHS cohort. Habitual PA during mid- to late adolescence seems to confer a greater protective effect on obesity risk. Our study confirms the role of PA in the marked increase in obesity prevalence during adolescence. Hence, obesity prevention needs to aim at fostering habitual activity, especially for black girls.
Unilocular hydatid cyst disease in the mid-South
Authors: J. J. Daly
Journal: JAMA (1984)

UNILOCULAR hydatid disease is caused by the larval stage of the canine intestinal tapeworm,<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>. The disease is usually found as a solitary, fluid-filled bladder type of cyst situated in the liver, although localization may occur in other organs, especially the lungs. Such a cyst can grow and become large enough to cause a variety of clinical signs related, in part, to the pressure exerted by the cyst. Humans usually obtain this infection by ingesting the<i>Echinococcus</i>ova that have been passed with the feces of dogs. Sheep are excellent intermediate hosts for<i>E granulosus</i>, and the sheep dog that has been fed the entrails of infected animals has been implicated as an important source of human infections. The majority of medical references published in the United States consider locally acquired hydatid disease to be uncommon in humans in the 48 contiguous states, with the infection most likely to
Searching for inaccuracy in clinical laboratory testing using Medicare data. Evidence for prothrombin time
Authors: S. T. Mennemeyer
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine if the occurrence of health outcomes following clinical laboratory testing can be used to identify types of laboratories that may be having higher than expected error rates. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective analysis of Medicare Part B outpatient claims, Part A hospitalization bills, and death records using a case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Medicare records from six carrier territories were sampled during the period 1985 through 1987. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 14 755 Medicare patients receiving a prothrombin time test in either a physician office laboratory or a commercial laboratory. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Occurrence of a hospitalization for stroke or acute myocardial infarction, death, or no adverse outcome within 6 days of a prothrombin time. <h3>Results.</h3> —In physician office laboratories where prothrombin time test volume is below 40 per month, the odds that a tested patient will experience a stroke or an acute myocardial infarction are up to 1.96 and 3.43 times greater, respectively, than for a similar patient tested in a commercial laboratory. Switching from one laboratory to another between successive prothrombin time tests increased the odds of a stroke or an acute myocardial infarction by 1.57 and 1.32, respectively. Patients in two states with strong laboratory regulatory programs had fewer adverse outcomes. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Examining patient outcomes subsequent to clinical laboratory testing may be a useful tool for clinical laboratory quality assurance. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1030-1033)
Altruism: A form of hope for patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: C. G. Kardinal, J. B. Sanders
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

e19559 Background: Patients may express what appear to be altruistic reasons for participating in a clinical trial. However, most patients with advanced cancer participate in clinical research because of a perceived potential therapeutic benefit. This can be the result of a “therapeutic misconception”; that the primary reason of a clinical trial is therapeutic benefit for the individual patient. Such decision making is not truly altruistic but falls into the realm of self interest for the patient's well being. Not all behavior that appears to be altruistic is genuine. Genuine altruistic behavior requires the presence of a motive to help others for their own sake. Methods: A series of fifty consecutive patients with advanced cancer being treated in Phase II cooperative group chemotherapy protocols were interviewed by a psychiatric social worker not directly involved in the patients' care. The interviews were rated for the patients' perception of hope and their expressions of altruistic motivation for receiving treatment. Results: Hope that the new treatment would help control their disease was the primary motivation for participating and was expressed by all 50 patients. Altruism was also expressed by 19 of the 50 (38%). By participating, they felt they were contributing to finding a possible effective treatment for those to come. As a result, they developed a sense of commitment to a greater cause. This gave them a sense of hope for the future and served as an effective means of coping with their advanced disease. Conclusions: 38% of patients in this study cited altruistic reasons for participation. However, true altruism was not the primary reason they consented to participate. Hope of therapeutic benefit was the primary motivating factor. In the 38%, a subsidiary altruistic motive accompanied the primary motivating factor of hope for therapeutic benefit. These patients were motivated to contribute to the advancement of medical science and to help future patients. Through their altruism they developed hope of a future that continued after their death. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Editorial Board
Authors: Sian Lewis, Helen Barbour, Patrick Wilken, Lewis Packwood, Alison Wrigley, Simon Bradbrook, Lara Crow, Mat Mccutcheon, Philip Patenall, Neill Sharp, & Ceo, Lynne Herndon, Emilie Marcus, Katja Brose, Keith Wollman, Dan Lewsley, Anders Björklund, J Bolam, Sarah Bottjer, Barry Dickson, John Disterhoft, Chris Doe, John Flanagan, Craig Garner, Yukiko Goda, Meyer London, Robert Malenka, Mark Stanford, Richard Mattson, Venkateshn Morris, Maiken Murthy, Nancy Rothwell, Mike Shadlen, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Chris Walsh, Steve Wise, Georges St, Claes Wahlestedt, Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno, Talvinder Sihra, Anna Cariboni, Roberto Maggi, John Parnavelas, Marina Bentivoglio, Krister Kristensson, Boris Barbour, Nicolas Brunel, Vincent Hakim, Jean-Pierre Nadal, Iiro Jääskeläinen, Jyrki Ahveninen, John Belliveau, Tommi Raij, Mikko Sams, Sulayman Dib-Hajj, Theodore Cummins, Joel Black, Stephen Waxman, Ruud Toonen, Matthijs Verhage, Fabrice Duprat, Inger Lauritzen, Amanda Patel, Eric Honoré, Ning Chang, Youssef El-Hayek, Everlyne Gomez, Qi Wan, Ashok Hegde, Sudarshan Upadhya, Knut Biber, Harald Neumann, Kazuhide Inoue, Hendrikus Boddeke, Bloodless Fmri, Alan Jasanoff
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2007)
Total parenteral nutrition in leukopenic cancer patients
Authors: A. Dindogru
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Over 12 months, 26 malnourished patients had 30 episodes of leukopenia while receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). There were 22 episodes of leukopenia associated with high temperatures (&gt;37.8 °C) A TPN-induced septicemia was the cause of fever in one patient. One patient with slight transient fever received no antibiotics, and 21 febrile patients were treated with various broad-spectrum antibiotics. The average duration of leukopenia was 6.9 days, and the average nadir of leukopenia was 789/cu mm. Eleven patients died during or within two weeks of the neutropenic episode. No deaths were related to TPN-induced septicemia. With proper care, TPN can be given to neutropenic patients without additional risk of sepsis. (<i>JAMA</i>244:680-681, 1980)