tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of offering different levels of support and free nicotine replacement therapy via an English national telephone quitline: randomised controlled trial
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Effect of offering different levels of support and free nicotine replacement therapy via an English national telephone quitline: randomised controlled trialThe authors of this research paper have alerted us to some errors in table 2, which presents a comparison of baseline characteristics by treatment group (BMJ 2012;344:e1696, doi:10.1136/bmj.e1696).The total (n=2591) values for the rows that list previous smoking support are incorrect and should have read: for nicotine replacement therapy without prescription 516 (19.9), for nicotine replacement therapy from health professional 123 (4.7), for bupropion 27 (1.0), for varenicline 60 (2.3), for NHS Stop Smoking Service 21 (0.8), for other quitline 2 (<0.1), and for other 30 (1.1).The smoking support service NHS 1 to 1 was included in the table in error and should be ignored.These inaccuracies do not affect the rest of the paper.
Book Review Report on the Sex Question by The Swedish Population Commission . Medical Aspects of Human Fertility Series Issued by the National Committee on Maternal Health, Incorporated. Stockholm, 1936. Statens Offentliga Utredningar 1936:59. Translated and edited by Virginia Clay Hamilton, M.D. 8°, cloth, 182 pp., with 9 tables. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Company, 1940. $2.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1941)
The attempted assassination of President Reagan. Medical implications and historical perspective
Authors: B. L. Aaron
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In 1981, President Ronald Reagan became the first incumbent president of the United States to survive being struck by a would-be assassin's bullet. Had President Reagan not survived, the history of this country and the world most certainly would have been changed. This report is the only first-hand account of the details of his medical care and complications following the assassination attempt, an event that emphasizes the vulnerability of presidents to would-be assassins and the importance of readily available expert medical care and facilities to their survival. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1689-1693)
Effects of bolus injections and continuous infusions of somatostatin and placebo in patients with cirrhosis: A double-blind hemodynamic investigation*1
Authors: I CIRERA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The present double-blind study was aimed at investigating the hemodynamic and humoral effects of somatostatin or placebo in patients with cirrhosis. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either an injection of 250 μg of somatostatin followed by a constant infusion of somatostatin at 250 μg/h (n = 13), an injection of 250 μg of somatostatin followed by a 500 μg/h continuous infusion (n = 10), or an injection of placebo followed by a placebo infusion (n = 9). Placebo had no effect. Somatostatin bolus markedly decreased the hepatic venous pressure gradient: by 52% at 1 minute; P < .001; 19% at 3 minutes, P < .01; and by 13% at 5 minutes, P < .04. Azygos blood flow decreased similarly by 45% at 1 minute, P < .001; 16% at 3 minutes, P < .02; and 9.5% at 5 minutes, P = .05. Mean arterial pressure increased by 25% (P < .001). Continuous somatostatin infusions (250 or 500 μg/h) had no systemic effects, but significantly reduced hepatic venous pressure gradient (250 μg/h: −6.1%, P < .05 and 500 μg/h: −15%, P < .01) and hepatic blood flow (250 μg/h: −10%, 500 μg/h: −18%, P < .05). Azygos blood flow was not changed after 250 μg/h infusion but was reduced after 500 μg/h (−23%, P < .02). Somatostatin but not placebo, suppressed glucagon to normal levels. This study shows that a bolus injection of somatostatin caused an immediate and marked decrease of hepatic venous pressure gradient and azygos blood flow. Continuous infusion of somatostatin had a mild but sustained effect on splanchnic hemodynamics; this effect was more pronounced with the higher dose.
Tropical Sprue
Authors: Frank H. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ALTHOUGH tropical sprue is rarely seen in the temperate zone, a small group of patients in this area need medical care from the chronic debilitation of the disease. However, the departure of patients from tropical climates is usually associated with improvement — if not permanent remission. Aside from the possibility of recognizing the disease among returning military personnel, the increased travel to endemic areas for business and vacations should alert one to consider tropical sprue in the differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea. The study of tropical sprue represents a unique opportunity to evaluate small bowel function.As Director of the . . .
John Batten
Authors: M. Hodson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is widely used to explore the 3D density of biomacromolecules. However, the heavy noise and missing wedge effect prevent directly visualizing and analyzing the 3D reconstructions. Here, we introduced REST, a deep learning strategy-based method to establish the relationship between low-quality and high-quality density and transfer this knowledge to restore signals in cryo-ET. Experimental results on purified ribosome and recombinant nucleosome datasets showed that REST had outstanding performance in denoising and compensating the missing wedge. The application in dynamic nucleosome structures suggests that REST has the capability to reveal individual macromolecules which present different conformations without subtomogram averaging. Moreover, REST could greatly improve the reliability of particle picking. These advantages enable REST to be a powerful tool for the straightforward interpretation of target macromolecules by visual inspection of the density and of a broad range of other applications in cryo-ET, such as segmentation, particle picking, and subtomogram averaging.
Paediatric cardiology
Authors: shakeel A Qureshi, Nitha Naqvi, Susan M Hobbins
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Shakeel Qureshi , Susan Hobbins , and Nitha Naqvi explain why they think that paediatric cardiology is an exciting and rewarding job which could appeal to you The stereotypical image of a paediatric cardiologist--an aggressive and boisterous male, found in the catheter laboratory at all hours, and lacking in communication skills--is outdated. Some old school paediatric cardiologists may still exist, but the new breed of trainees represents a more modern range of junior doctors, and more women are appointed as consultants than in the past. The specialty has begun to branch into specific areas of expertise: some doctors are mainly interventionalists working in the catheter laboratory, but others specialise in imaging (echocardiography, including fetal and magnetic resonance imaging). So if you are one of those doctors who enjoy using their surgical skills but who also enjoy practising medicine, this is an ideal job. For those who do not want to spend a lot of time in the catheter laboratory, there are lots of other interesting and challenging areas. Despite some adverse publicity over the past few years, the specialty remains one of the most rewarding. Because of the structurally abnormal nature of the heart defects, they are amenable to logical detection and management. Making a diagnosis in a sick blue newborn baby and quickly carrying out treatment, leading to a healthy pink robust infant in a short time, is rewarding. Paediatric cardiology allows follow up of progress from the fetus to the adult. Until about 20 years ago, treatment of complex heart defects had a mortality of more than 20%, but with major advances mortality has now fallen to less than 5%. Box 1 gives the advantages and disadvantages of paediatric cardiology. ### Box 1: Advantages and disadvantages #### AdvantagesRETURN TO TEXT
Dynamic and Time-to-Event Analyses Demonstrate Marked Reduction in Transfusion Requirements for Janus Kinase Inhibitor-Naïve Myelofibrosis Patients Treated with Momelotinib Compared Head to Head with Ruxolitinib
Authors: Ruben A Mesa, John Catalano, Francisco Cervantes, Timothy Devos, Jason Gotlib, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Donal P. McLornan, Kazuya Shimoda, Elisabeth Coart, Koenraad D'Hollander, Rafe Donahue, Mark M Kowalski
Journal: Blood (2019)
Bereaved family members' perceptions of end-of-life cancer care in nursing homes, hospices with home care, and acute care hospitals
Authors: D. Brandoff, T. Wetle, M. Bourbonnaire, V. Mor, F. Schiffman, J. Teno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8052 Background: Nursing homes (NH) are increasingly the last place of care (LPOC) and site of death for persons with cancer. Little is known about the quality of care in NH for terminally ill cancer patients. Based upon a study of dying experiences, we examined the quality of end-of-life cancer care (EOLCC) for patients in NH, at home with hospice, and in acute care hospitals. Methods: A national mortality follow-back survey was conducted via telephone interviews with a family member or knowledgeable informant of the decedent (n=1578, 65% cooperation rate). Interviewers asked if health care workers provided the desired physical comfort and emotional support to the dying person, treated the dying person with respect, supported shared decision-making, coordinated care, and provided emotional support to the family. Chi-Square test was used to examine bereaved family members' perceptions of the LPOC. Results: 427 of 1578 patients (27.1%) died from cancer. For the LPOC, 19.3% died at a NH (41.8% home with hospice, 38.9% hospitals). Decedents in NH had greater unmet needs with pain and anxiety (p<0.1). 29.8% of respondents felt that NH staff had insufficient knowledge of the patient's medical history to provide highest quality EOLCC (7.2% home with hospice, 10.1% hospitals, p<.01). 32% of respondents stated that NH staff did not treat the patient with respect (2.6% home with hospice, 20.6% hospitals, p<.01). About 50% of respondents for both NH and hospitalized patients felt they were inadequately educated by staff about the dying process (30.6% home with hospice, p=.01). Respondents' overall satisfaction was lowest for NH (44% "excellent") compared to home with hospice and hospitals (67.0%, 58.4%, p<.01). Conclusions: NH were consistently rated less favorably by bereaved family members than were home with hospice services and acute care hospitals for providing quality EOLCC. While challenging, opportunities to improve EOLCC should be sought, recognized and pursued in all settings. Oncologists have an important and central role in coordinating these efforts. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Cytotoxic Effects of Singlet Oxygen
Authors: Leonard J. Schiff, Walter C. Eisenberg, John Dziuba, Kevin Taylor, Steven J. Moore
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The toxic effects of gas-phase singlet oxygen, 1O2, on the ciliated respiratory epithelium of hamster trachea have been demonstrated. Tracheal explants treated with 1O2 showed a dose-dependent decrease in cilia beating frequency and focal ciliostasis. A statistically significant decrease in ciliary activity occurred at 1O2 concentrations as low as 154 ppb after a 2-hr exposure. Cytological alterations in the mucociliary epithelium were observed in explants exposed to 235 ppb 1O2 or greater. When cytotoxic effects were related to the time of exposure to 1O2, maximum effects occurred after a 4-hr exposure. In vitro recovery studies indicate that ciliary activity returned to normal between 4 and 8 hr after exposure.
Thyroid carcinoma in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I. Prevalence of thyroid carcinoma at autopsy
Authors: R. J. Sampson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Carcinoma of the thyroid at autopsy was found to be far more frequent in Japan than in any recorded American series. In 3,067 consecutive autopsies from the fixed population sample of the Japanese National Institute of Health-Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission Life-Span Study in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 536 primary thyroid carcinomas were found—97% were occult papillary. The prevalence was significantly higher in women and those exposed to 50 rads or more of direct atomic radiation. The prevalence rate in the 1,096 persons in this study with no radiation dose whose entire thyroid gland was examined was 17.9% compared to 1.0% to 4.0% in the American series. Radiation, method of examination, diagnostic criteria, and bias in autopsy selection did not appear to explain the observed high frequency of thyroid carcinoma at autopsy.
Dermatology
Authors: Joseph L. Clayman
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This excellent multiauthored text, like its previous edition, is directed at the dermatologist but has been made accessible to any physician interested in diagnosing and treating skin problems. It therefore serves well as a comprehensive text for dermatology residents to read thoroughly. Its user-friendly index, appearing in each volume, makes it just as good a choice for the practicing dermatologist seeking recent information applicable to difficult cases. The basic organization of the text has not changed significantly. Many of the sections have been expanded or split into separate sections with separate authors. The number of contributors has thereby increased from 85 to 146. The text has been updated significantly. For example, Lyme disease was not even mentioned in the old edition's index (only erythema chronicum migrans is found), whereas the new book has improved and expanded coverage of that problem. Similarly, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was seriously underrepresented in the
Heterogeneity of treatment effects (HTE) in stage IV prostate cancer (S4PC).
Authors: Nirupama Devi Mitikiri, Emily S Reese, Arif Hussain, Ebere Onukwugha, Daryl Pritchard, Robert W. Dubois, C. Daniel Mullins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

180 Background: HTE occurs when individual patient factors modify a treatment’s effect on health outcomes in a non-random and predictable manner. HTE results in specific subgroups of patients in the same study having different responses to the same treatment due to interactions between their individual factors and the treatment. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted of articles published between 1946 and 2011. Inclusion criteria required that articles examine the impact of HTE factors on survival outcomes (OS, TTP, PFS) or QOL among S4PC patients, in the context of a specific treatment. The quality of evidence was graded as good, fair or poor, per AHRQ guidelines. Results: The search identified 2,659 articles of which 92 met study inclusion criteria. Most articles (46%) were post-hoc analyses of randomized clinical trials. PC treatments included chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy (74%) and bone-modifying agents. HTE in S4PC was identified for both biologic and non-biologic factors. Factors related to clinical signs/symptoms, laboratory tests and disease severity have been extensively studied in the literature (Table). Age and race seldom showed any correlation with PC outcomes. Conclusions: Current evidence reveals diverse factors contributing to HTE in S4PC. Ultimately, such knowledge can help oncologists prescribe more personalized medicine, help patients make more informed treatment choices, and inform policy making and treatment coverage decisions. [Table: see text]
Selumetinib Shrinks Tumors in Neurofibromatosis
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2020)

Abstract A new clinical trial suggests that the MEK inhibitor selumetinib induces partial responses in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 who have inoperable plexiform neurofibromas. The drug led to confirmed partial responses in 70% of patients; progression-free survival was 84% after 3 years.
Relationship between hepatocyte proliferative activity and liver functional reserve in human cirrhosis
Authors: M Delhaye, H Louis, C Degraef, O Le Moine, J Deviere, B Gulbis, D Jacobovitz, M Adler, P Galand
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Hepatocyte proliferative activity is elevated in cirrhotic patients who develop hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and decreased in alcohol-induced hepatitis patients with poor outcome. Hepatocyte proliferative activity has not been evaluated in an unselected population of cirrhotic patients regarding the severity of the disease. Forty-six cirrhotic patients (21 alcoholic, 20 viral, and 5 other) were prospectively analyzed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining on methanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded liver biopsy specimens. In these conditions, the PCNA-labeling index (PCNA-LI) measures the number of cells in the S-phase and assesses tissue proliferation. The median value of the PCNA-LI for all samples was 4.3% (range, 0%-20.2%). It declined with worsening Child-Pugh score: 9.15% (range, 3.3%-20.2%), 5.3% (range, 1.2%-18%), and 2.4% (range, 0%-4.4%) in Child classes A, B, and C, respectively ( P &lt; .05). Using the best cutoff PCNA-LI value to divide cirrhosis into slowly and rapidly proliferating tissue subsets, the PCNA index was independently associated with serum albumin. The probability of survival in patients with a high PCNA-LI (&gt; 4.4%) was significantly higher than in those with a lower PCNA-LI (0.93 vs. 0.53, at a median follow-up of 153 days; P = .01). In all 6 patients undergoing placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), the PCNA-LI decreased after the procedure. This early impairment of hepatocyte proliferative activity after TIPS placement might reflect the functional alterations induced by this treatment. In conclusion, hepatocyte proliferative activity assessed by PCNA-LI is increased in cirrhotic patients and decreases with worsening of the disease.
Effect of Severe Cold Stress on Nitrogen Balance of Men Under Different Dietary Conditions
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Education for Minority Group Students
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Communication with Asian diabetics.
Authors: B A Leatherdale, P Jhittay, A Gill
Journal: BMJ (1978)

1197 32-4 ± 10 2 years) and 22 elderly (mean age 76-2 ± 9-4 years) people.Neither patients nor controls had any malabsorption, hepatic, or renal disease and were not taking barbiturates or anticonvulsants.All sera were collected from December 1977 to March 1978.Serum creatinine concentrations were < 150 ,mol/l (< 1-5 mg/100 ml) in all subjects except one patient in whom it was <210 ,mol/l (<2 1 mg/100 ml).One patient had hypocalcaemia and an- other had hypophosphataemia.
Eribulin Mesylate
Authors: Sarika Jain, Linda T. Vahdat
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Eribulin mesylate, a nontaxane, completely synthetic microtubule inhibitor, has recently been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as third-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer refractory to anthracyclines and taxanes. Eribulin is a synthetic analogue of halichondrin B, which inhibits microtubule polymerization by a mechanism distinct from other available antitubulin agents. Eribulin significantly increased overall survival (OS; median OS for the eribulin-treated group was 13.1 months versus 10.6 months for the group treated by investigator's choice) in a heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer population. Eribulin has a manageable side-effect profile, notably neutropenia and fatigue, and a relatively low incidence of peripheral neuropathy. The mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, preclinical antitumor activity, and clinical trials of eribulin in the metastatic breast cancer setting are reviewed here.
Psychiatry
Authors: F. K. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Last year's congressionally mandated reunion of the National Institute of Mental Health with the National Institutes of Health signaled recognition of the maturity of basic and clinical psychiatric research. This maturity is evident in the body of epidemiologic, economic, and treatment data, presented to the President's Task Force on National Health Care Reform, that convincingly dispels three key myths about mental illness: Mental illness is not definable. In fact, the diagnostic reliability for diagnoses of major mental illnesses equals that achieved for diagnoses in other areas of medicine. Multiple clinicians independently agree on the diagnosis of a major mental disorder approximately 80% of the time.<sup>1</sup> Mental illnesses are not treatable, or "everything sort of works for everything." In fact, outcome research documents that specific treatments for major mental disorders yield success rates in the 60% to 80% range. When assessed by the same criteria applied to determine "successful outcome" of