tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-040 Lower lymphocyte counts and azathioprine efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: S Subramaniam, C J Hawkey
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressant of choice in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, problems with lack of clinical response and toxicity have been encountered as the exact mode of action of AZA is not fully understood. It is thought that lymphocyte suppression may be involved. We aimed to determine if the lymphocyte count may be used to predict AZA efficacy in IBD. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective study of 75 men and women with IBD (42 Ulcerative Colitis (UC), 33 Crohn9s disease), maintained on AZA to investigate the relationship between the lymphocyte count and clinical course on AZA. Episodes of relapse on AZA were identified in these patients and the lymphocyte count at the visit immediately preceding the relapse recorded, as well as the relapse value itself. These were compared with values recorded during randomly selected visits with maintained remission. Other corresponding clinical data such as neutrophil, platelet, mean cell volume (MCV) counts and AZA dose were also noted. <h3>Results</h3> Mean lymphocyte count before AZA was 2.044 (95% CI 1.861 to 2.227)×10<sup>9</sup>/l. This fell to 1.502 (1.445 to 1.559)×10<sup>9</sup>/l while patients were on AZA (p=0.000). Lymphocyte counts in patients taking AZA varied significantly according to clinical course. At visits immediately prior to or at relapse, the lymphocyte count was 1.597 (1.454 to 1.741)×10<sup>9</sup>/l and 1.631 (1.481 to 1.780)×10<sup>9</sup>/l vs 1.433 (1.367 to 1.500)×10<sup>9</sup>/l at visits with maintained remission (p=0.000). Of patients on AZA with a lymphocyte count below median values (1.5×10<sup>9</sup>/l) 57.4% were in remission compared with 37.1% of patients with higher values. (p=0.000). Similar relationships between lymphocyte counts and clinical course were noted in both UC and Crohn9s disease separately. Other parameters also varied according to clinical course. MCV on treatment was significantly higher in patients in remission than prior to or at relapse (92.479 (91.662 to 93.296) fl vs 89.900 (88.145 to 91.655) fl and 89.992 (88.301 to 91.682) fl). In addition, on treatment neutrophil and platelet counts were significantly elevated prior to or at relapse. Significant differences in lymphocyte counts were also related to AZA dose. Doses &gt;2 mg/kg were associated with lower lymphocyte counts (1.486 (1.339 to 1.633)×10<sup>9</sup>/l) compared with 1.695 (1.618 to 1.772)×10<sup>9</sup>/l on lower doses (p=0.039). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with IBD, on AZA, a lower lymphocyte count is associated with a lower incidence of disease relapse and a higher likelihood of maintained remission. Variation in other parameters such as neutrophil, platelet and MCV counts may also predict clinical course on AZA. Studies on dosing according to lymphocyte count will be a useful step towards achieving better therapeutic response on AZA.
Stopping an Epidemic of Clostridium difficile Diarrhea
Authors: Suzanne M. Pear
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 August 1994Stopping an Epidemic of Clostridium difficile DiarrheaSuzanne M. Pear, RN, John N. Galgiani, MD, and Dale N. GerdingSuzanne M. Pear, RNSearch for more papers by this author, John N. Galgiani, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Dale N. GerdingSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-4-199408150-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We reviewed the use of metronidazole and other antimicrobial agents for the 9 months before and after clindamycin was removed. Through June 1991, 309 ±30 g of metronidazole were used per month compared with 343 ±26 g per month thereafter. These differences were not significant (P > 0.2, Kruskal-Wallis test). Similarly, no significant increases were noted in the use of penicillin, imipenem, or ticarcillin-clavulanate; in vitro susceptibility testing had indicated that the epidemic-associated J7 strain of Clostridium difficile was sensitive to these other drugs. There was an increase in use of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Beecham, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) and ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1994Volume 121, Issue 4Page: 307-308KeywordsAntimicrobialsClindamycinClostridium difficileDiarrheaDrugsPenicillin Issue Published: 15 August 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
PRISON LABOR LEGISLATION.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antitetanus Immunization
Authors: P. Catzel
Journal: BMJ (1962)

<b>Purpose:</b> To compare the oral health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of parents of children, aged 6 to 13, who have type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes to those of parents of similarly aged children without diabetes. <b>Methods:</b> The study population consisted of 46 parents of children with diabetes and 46 parents of children without diabetes from outpatient clinics, providing medical care to children with and without diabetes, respectively. After gaining permission of clinic directors, the investigator approached parents, who were waiting in the clinics9 reception areas, to complete the 33-item survey. The survey included questions on socio-demographic characteristics, their child9s oral hygiene practices, dental visits, dietary habits, their own oral health knowledge and attitudes, and their child9s diabetic condition, when relevant. A Chi-square test was used to determine significant differences between responses of the two groups of parents. <b>Results:</b> All parents approached completed the survey. Children with diabetes had significantly less frequent sugary drink consumption and less untreated dental caries than children without diabetes. The majority of parents of children with diabetes selected “don9t know” for statements related to diabetes and oral health, whereas most parents of children without diabetes agreed with the statements, resulting in significant differences between groups. Most parents of children with diabetes considered these same statements important to them, while the importance to parents of children without diabetes was variable. <b>Conclusion:</b> To maintain their children9s oral health, parents of children with diabetes must receive more education regarding the prevention and control of the oral complications of diabetes.
Cholesterol targeting alters lipid raft composition and cell survival in prostate cancer cells and xenografts
Authors: Liyan Zhuang, Jayoung Kim, Rosalyn M. Adam, Keith R. Solomon, Michael R. Freeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Lipid rafts are cholesterol-and sphingolipid-enriched microdomains in cell membranes that regulate phosphorylation cascades originating from membrane-bound proteins.In this study, we tested whether alteration of the cholesterol content of lipid rafts in prostate cancer (PCa) cell membranes affects cell survival mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.Simvastatin, a cholesterol synthesis inhibitor, lowered raft cholesterol content, inhibited Akt1 serine-threonine kinase (protein kinase Bα)/protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) pathway signaling, and induced apoptosis in caveolin-and PTEN-negative LNCaP PCa cells.Replenishing cell membranes with cholesterol reversed these inhibitory and apoptotic effects.Cholesterol also potentiated Akt activation in normal prostate epithelial cells, which were resistant to the apoptotic effects of simvastatin.Elevation of circulating cholesterol in SCID mice increased the cholesterol content and the extent of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in lipid rafts isolated from LNCaP/sHB xenograft tumors.Cholesterol elevation also promoted tumor growth, increased phosphorylation of Akt, and reduced apoptosis in the xenografts.Our results implicate membrane cholesterol in Akt signaling in both normal and malignant cells and provide evidence that PCa cells can become dependent on a cholesterol-regulated Akt pathway for cell survival.
Cancer Facilities and Services; A Report from the National Advisory Cancer Council
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1946)

Journal Article Cancer Facilities and Services; A Report from the National Advisory Cancer Council Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 6, Issue 5, April 1946, Page 239, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/6.5.239 Published: 01 April 1946
A somatic component to myocardial infarction
Authors: A. S Nicholas, D. A DeBias, W. Ehrenfeuchter, K. England, R. England, C. Greene, D. Heilig, M. Kirschbaum
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Sixty two patients were randomised to be seen by osteopathic physicians for palpation of the thoracic para- vertebral soft tissue, T1-T8.Twenty five patients had clinically confirmed acute myocardial infarction.Of the remainder, 22 without known cardiovascular disease served as controls and 15 were placed in an excluded group because of diagnosed cardiovascular disease other than myocardial infarction.Observations were described in predetermined standard terminology.The control group was found to have a low incidence of palpable changes throughout the thoracic dorsum, and these changes were uniformly distributed from Ti to T8. Examination of the group with myocardial infarction disclosed a significantly higher incidence of soft tissue changes (increased firmness, warmth, ropiness, oedematous changes, heavy musculature), confined almost entirely to the upper four thoracic levels.The 15 patients who were excluded from the experimental group because they had various cardiovascular diseases other than myocardial infarction also showed sig- nificantly different changes on palpation compared with the group with myocardial infarction.These findings suggest that myocardial infarction is accompanied by characteristic paravertebral soft tissue changes which are readily detected by palpation.
Hypothalamic Hypothyroidism
Authors: James A. Pittman, E. David Haigler, Jerome M. Hershman, Constance S. Pittman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

HYPOTHYROIDISM resulting from a lesion of the hypothalamus has been suspected in the past,1 but convincing evidence for this diagnosis could not be presented until the recent preparation of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing factor (TRF) made direct testing of pituitary function possible.2 The patient described below had hypothyroidism and undetectable serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels, with a normal response to TRF.J.L., a 19-year-old man, was admitted to the University of Alabama Hospital on November 10, 1970, with slightly short stature, dry skin and previously diagnosed diabetes insipidus. Gestation, birth and growth to the age of 12 years had apparently been normal. At . . .
European Perspectives
Journal: Circulation (2011)

he set up what he believes to be the largest ongoing medical device trial, Echocardiography Guided Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (EchoCRT).Recruitment is at the halfway point, and ≈1250 patients in Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Israel will participate.The aim of the trial is to expand cardiac resynchronisation therapy to patients with a narrow QRS complex.Dr Holzmeister says, "We will try to sort out the effect of biventricular pacing in the majority of heart failure patients, because nearly 70% of all heart failure patients have a narrow QRS.At the moment, we are not treating them with this promising therapy."
A population-based overview of sequences of targeted therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).
Authors: Daniel Yick Chin Heng, Jae-Lyun Lee, Lauren Christine Harshman, Georg A. Bjarnason, Albiruni R Razak, Mary J. MacKenzie, Lori Wood, Ulka N. Vaishampayan, Min-Han Tan, Sun Young Rha, Frede Donskov, Neeraj Agarwal, Christian K. Kollmannsberger, Scott A. North, Brian I. Rini, Toni K. Choueiri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

387 Background: There are several types of targeted therapy (TT) available to treat mRCC and data on outcomes and different sequences of therapies are required. Methods: Consecutive series of patients with mRCC treated with TT were examined. Multivariable analysis was performed when significant differences on univariable analysis were seen. Results: 2106 patients were included with a median follow-up of 36 months. 907 (43%) and 318 (15%) patients received subsequent second-line and third-line TT, respectively. Baseline characteristics of the groups below were not different except there were more patients with non-clear cell histology in the VEGF to mTOR group compared to the VEGF to VEGF group. When adjusting for the Heng et al poor risk criteria and non-clear cell histology, the hazard ratio of death for the VEGF to mTOR group vs the VEGF to VEGF group was 0.833 (95%CI 0.669-1.037, p=0.1016). When adjusting for poor risk criteria, the hazard ratio of death for the sunitinib to everolimus vs sunitinib to temsirolimus sequences was 0.774 (0.52-1.153, p=0.2086). Conclusions: The sequence of TT may not have a substantial effect on outcome but results of prospective randomized studies are awaited. [Table: see text]
Thiamine Overdosage and Toxicity
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Characterization and Expression of Hepatic Sulfotransferase Involved in the Metabolism of N-Substituted Aryl Compounds
Authors: Yasushi Yamazoe, Shogo Ozawa, Kiyoshi Nagata, Da-Wei Gong, Ryuichi Kato
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

An aryl sulfotransferase, whose cDNA was isolated from the rat liver library, was found to catalyze bioactivation of minoxidil through N-O-sulfation and N-sulfation of a carcinogenic heterocyclic amine, IQ, by expression in COS-1 cells.cDNA of a human ortholog also was isolated and characterized as a major minoxidil-activating enzyme in human liver.Another group of aryl sulfotransferases catalyzing O-sulfation of carcinogenic N-hydroxyarylamines was separated from livers of rats and humans.These sulfotransferases have been shown to possess similar functional properties and also to relate immunochemically with each other.Current understanding on the primary structure of these sulfotransferases also is discussed.-
Newfound Genetic Defect Hints at Clues for Developing Novel Antimalarial Agents
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A RECENTLY identified genetic defect responsible for egg-shaped red blood cells in certain Asian populations may help scientists develop novel antimalarial agents. The defect, which makes red blood cell membranes too rigid for malarial parasites to gain entry, appears harmless to humans who are heterozygous, says Jiri Palek, MD, professor of medicine at Tufts University Medical School and chair of biomedical research at St Elizabeth Hospital, Boston, Mass. "In tropical areas of Southeast Asia, where malaria remains a prevalent health threat, large segments of the population enjoy a resistance to malaria due to the condition called ovalocytosis," Palek says. "It is one of the few genetic abnormalities that, as far as we know, is entirely beneficial to those who carry it." The resistance to malaria associated with the inheritance of egg-shaped red blood cells set Palek and his colleagues to look for the underlying molecular defect. They found it in
Irish Workhouse Reform
Authors: W. R. Macdermott
Journal: BMJ (1897)

tinct, and in some cases the disease may even take a fatal course.PROTECTIVE INOCULATION.Mixing rinderpest blood with glycerine, its activity was lost almost immediately, the infective material thus differing from small-pox lymph, which is preserved by the addition of glycerine.Inoculation of blood mixed with carbolic acid appeared to produce no typical disease, but the animal in- jected with the mixture appears to be protected against an injection of untreated blood, which was not the case with the animals injected with the glycerine and blood mixture.Water and saline solution when mixed with the blood appeared to have little effect upon its virulence.Blood dried for four days at a temperature of 310 C., and then dissolved in water, produced no ill-effects in the animal inoculated, and also exerted no protective action, an animal that had received such an an injection contracting rinderpest readily when sub- sequently inoculated with fresh blood.
N0321: A phase I study of bortezomib, paclitaxel, carboplatin (CBDCA), and radiotherapy (RT) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: S. E. Schild, J. R. Molina, G. K. Dy, K. M. Rowland, J. N. Sarkaria, S. P. Thomas, D. W. Northfelt, J. W. Kugler, N. R. Foster, A. A. Adjei
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

7085 Background: In preclinical studies, bortezomib and RT combinations result in synergistic tumor killing. Our group also demonstrated promising efficacy with the sequential combination of paclitaxel/CBDCA and bortezomib in advanced solid tumors (Ma C et al, Cancer Chemother Pharmacol.;59;207-15, 2007). Based on these data, we undertook a phase I study of bortezomib in combination with paclitaxel/CBDCA and RT. Methods: Systemic therapy included bortezomib (0.5-1.2 mg/m2 IV days 1,4,8,11), paclitaxel (150-175 mg/m2 IV day 2), and carboplatin (CBDCA) AUC=5-6, day 2 given every 3 weeks for 2 cycles. Thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) included 60Gy/30daily fractions starting day 1. Dose escalation followed a standard 3+3 design, where the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the highest dose where ≤2 patients (pts)/6 pts had dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) with the next higher dose having at least 3/6 pts with DLT. DLT was defined to include grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia for ≥8days, grade≥4 febrile neutropenia, grade≥4 RT dermatitis, esophagitis grade≥3 requiring hospitalization, pneumonitis grade≥3 (requiring O2), dyspnea grade ≥4 (at rest), or other non-heme grade≥4 toxicity that was not manageable with medical interventions (IVs, narcotics). Results: 27 pts were enrolled: M/F=17/10; stage IIIA/IIIB=9/18; ECOG PS 0/1=15/12; and median age:63 (range 45-78). 17 pts (63%) completed therapy per protocol. Dose level (DL) 1 resulted in 1/6 pts experiencing a grade 3 pneumonitis requiring oxygen (1DLT). No DLT occurred in DL 2-5. DL 6 enrolled 6 pts, with 1 DLT (grade 4 neutropenia; one for ≥8days (1DLT)). Overall, 13/27 (48%) pts experienced grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity and 6/27 (22%) pts experienced grade 4 heme toxicity. No pts experienced grade 5 toxicity, and only 3 pts experienced grade 4 non-heme toxicity. DL 6 (bortezomib:1.2 mg/m2 days 1,4,8,11; paclitaxel:175 mg/m2 day 2; CBDCA:6 AUC day 2; for 2 cycles+TRT) is the recommended dose for phase II testing. With a median follow-up of 26 months, the median OS is 25 months. Conclusions: This treatment appears reasonably well tolerated and the median survival promising. A phase II study with this regimen has begun accruing pts. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Erratum: Accelerated liver fibrosis in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice: Involvement of natural killer T cells
Authors: Zixue Jin, Rui Sun, Haiming Wei, Xiang Gao, Yongyan Chen, Zhigang Tian
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

In the January 2011 issue of HEPATOLOGY, in the article entitled “Accelerated Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice: Involvement of Natural Killer T Cells” (HEPATOLOGY 201153:219–229), the unit of the y axis in Fig. 7A should have been 105, and Fig. 8C (left panel) was inadvertently substituted for Fig. 8B; the corrections do not change the conclusions or the results. The corrected versions of Figs. 7A and 8B are provided here.
Anatomie des Menschen: Ein Lehrbuch für Studierende und Ärzte
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal