tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Research and Prevention Priorities for Alcohol Carcinogenesis
Authors: Kenneth J. Rothman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Research conducted during the last four decades has established that consumption of alcoholic beverages causes cancer.Etiologic research questions that remain relate to increases in risk at specific sites, the effects of various types of alcoholic beverages, the effect of various concentrations of alcohol, and the mechanism(s) of action, including possible interactions with other agents such as tobacco smoke.Prevention priorities for alcohol-related cancer depend on whether alcohol causes only the upper aerodigestive cancers or whether it also causes breast and possibly colon cancers.If alcohol causes aerodigestive cancers only, existing prevention programs to prevent alcohol abuse by heavy drinkers are sufficient.The possible small cancer risk faced by moderate drinkers may be more than offset by a decrease in the risk of cardiovascular death.On the other hand, if alcohol consumption increases the occurrence of breast cancer, a prevention program aimed at women who are at high risk for breast cancer is worth considering, but the risks must be weighed against the cardiovascular benefits for moderate drinkers.-
Spinal manipulation and mobilisation for back and neck pain.
Authors: J. A. Mathews
Journal: BMJ (1992)

maintain operation of the system.-When a system is considered.Credit in this section should be given looked by the authors.Although almost identical upgraded it provides additional features that for the authors stating prospectively a small number criteria were used, it scored 38 on one occasion and require the original cost-benefit analysis to be of appropriate outcome measures.Hadler et al 50 on the other, suggesting a serious degree of reassessed.Upgrading the equipment commonly used one: the disability score designed by Roland inconsistency in the review process.results in faster throughput, better discrimination, and Morris and shown by them to be a more Whether the term manipulation should be used, and added diagnostic value-for example, that reliable and sensitive index of disability in back as Koes and colleagues used it, "to cover both provided by angiography-with the result that it pain than measures such as pain experienced or manipulation and mobilisation" is at least arguable.tends to be cost neutral on a per patient basis.spinal mobility,' for which Koes and colleagues Their conclusions about manipulation (thus In their analysis Szczepura and colleagues would have awarded points, defined) in back pain seem analogous to generalisacalculated that changes in patients' management Ten points were available If the five suggested tions about antibiotics for sore throat.helped to reduce the costs of examination by £80 outcome measures were measured blind.Hadler T W MEADE and, furthermore, that if half of the diagnostic et al relied on a patient questionnaire administered JOY TOWNSEND procedures performed in addition to magnetic over the telephone by someone unaware of the
Insulin Response to Fructose and Galectose
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A randomized, phase III study of carboplatin and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in relapsed platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (OC): CALYPSO study of the Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG)
Authors: E. Pujade-Lauraine, S. Mahner, J. Kaern, V. Gebski, M. Heywood, P. Vasey, A. Reinthaller, I. Vergote, S. Pignata, A. Ferrero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

LBA5509 Background: This multicenter phase III study was designed to compare efficacy and safety of carboplatin-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) (C-D) and carboplatin-paclitaxel (C-P) in relapsed platinum-sensitive OC patients (pts). Methods: Pts with recurrent OC &gt; 6 months after first-line or second-line platinum-based therapy who had been pretreated with a taxane were randomized by stratified blocks to either C-D [C AUC 5 IV + PLD 30 mg/m 2 IV] d1 q4 wk, or C-P [C AUC 5 IV + P 175 mg/m 2 IV] d1 q3 wk × ≥ 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with secondary endpoints of toxicity, QoL and survival. The non-inferiority design required 745 events with 90% power, 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: From 4/05 to 09/07, 976 pts were enrolled, 467 to C-D arm and 509 to C-P arm. Pt parameters were well balanced. 85% of C-D and 78% of C-P pts received ≥ 6 cycles. Median follow-up is 21mo. Overall survival is still too early to be reported (n=308 deaths). This is the final analysis for PFS and toxicity. Results are below. Conclusions: This trial, the largest in relapsed OC, showed significant superiority of PLD-carboplatin combination in terms of PFS. In addition, compared to paclitaxel-carboplatin, PLD-carboplatin was well tolerated with lower rates of severe and long-lasting (neuropathy) toxicities. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Archiv fur Gynaekologie, Munich
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hyperthyroidism followed by scleroderma
Authors: J. A. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A RECENT report of scleroderma and hyperthyroidism<sup>1</sup>suggested that scleroderma had not been reported in direct association with hyperthyroidism. We describe a patient in whom scleroderma was diagnosed at the time of radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism. The subsequent course of his scleroderma has been one of continued improvement. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 45-year-old man was transferred on March 17, 1964, from another Veterans Administration Hospital for treatment of hyperthyroidism. Initially, he had complained of a 13.5-kg weight loss, diarrhea, and fluttering of the heart. His protein-bound iodine (PBI) level was 10.1μg/100 ml (normal, 4μg to 8μg/100 ml), and he had been taking methimazole. To confirm the diagnosis, the methimazole regimen was discontinued, whereupon the PBI value rose to 15μg/100 ml. A 24-hour radioactive iodine uptake was 61% (normal, 15% to 35%). On April 29, 1964, he received 7.98 mCi<sup>131</sup>I. He was next seen in June 1964,
QuickStats: Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for Top Five Causes of Cancer Death,† by Race/Hispanic Ethnicity — United States, 2014
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In 2014, the top five causes of cancer deaths for the total population were lung, colorectal, female breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. The non-Hispanic black population had the highest age-adjusted death rates for each of these five cancers, followed by non-Hispanic white and Hispanic groups. The age-adjusted death rate for lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in all groups, was 42.1 per 100,000 standard population for the total population, 45.4 for non-Hispanic white, 45.7 for non-Hispanic black, and 18.3 for Hispanic populations.
A phase I study of TRC105 (anti-CD105 monoclonal antibody) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).
Authors: D. Adelberg, A. B. Apolo, R. A. Madan, J. L. Gulley, A. Pierpoint, D. R. Kohler, J. B. Trepel, S. M. Steinberg, W. D. Figg, W. L. Dahut
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

171 Background: TRC105 is a human/murine chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody to CD105 (endoglin) that inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth through inhibition of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis. CD105 is highly expressed on proliferating vascular ECs. Preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates an important role for angiogenesis in mCRPC biology. Methods: The primary objective is to evaluate safety and identify the maximum tolerable dose of TRC105. Secondary objectives include the assessment of TRC105 pharmacokinetics, PSA response rate and overall response rate (ORR). Eligibility requires ECOG performance status (PS) ≤ 2 and progressive mCRPC. Three cohorts of 3-6 patients receive TRC105 at doses of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg IV over 1–4 hours every 2 weeks of a 4 week cycle. Premedications are dexamethasone, acetaminophen, famotidine, and diphenhydramine. PSA is evaluated prior to each treatment and response is assessed every 2 cycles with imaging studies. Results: Eight patients are enrolled in cohorts 1–3. Median age is 65 (range 47–84), ECOG PS 1 (1–2), Gleason score 8 (6–10), on–study PSA 201 (0.10 – 3,373), and number of prior therapies after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist or anti-androgen therapy 2.5 (0–6). Median time on study is 14 weeks (7–16). Dose-limiting toxicity was not observed. Grade 1 to 2 infusion reactions occurred in 4 patients. PSA declines were seen in both patients in cohort 3 (26% and 51% from baseline); each had progressed on docetaxel and at least one second-line agent. Five of 6 evaluable patients with measurable soft tissue disease achieved stable disease (2 in cohort 1, 2 in cohort 2 and 1 in cohort 3); the latter 3 patients in cohorts 2 and 3 remain on study. Conclusions: TRC105 is tolerated at doses up to 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks with early evidence of clinical activity in patients with mCRPC. Accrual is ongoing to evaluate higher doses and more frequent dosing. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Two Nobels Shared by DNA Researchers
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Two Nobels Shared by DNA Researchers Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 21, 3 November 1993, Pages 1722–1724, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.21.1722 Published: 03 November 1993
Long-term follow-up of selected lobotomized private patients
Authors: F. O. Shobe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Psychosurgery, especially lobotomy, has fallen into unwarranted disrepute in many psychiatric centers. This is a 6- to 18-year follow-up of 27 chronically ill private patients who were lobotomized between 1951 and 1959. All but two lobotomies were unilateral and performed on the nondominant hemisphere. Only five patients remained in hospitals. Eighteen made excellent postoperative adjustments. This study indicates that lobotomy in carefully selected patients is an excellent treatment method. Two thirds of these patients, for whom there was otherwise a poor outlook, returned to normal life.
Consensus on 'rational approach' to therapy of childhood febrile seizures
Authors: J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Each year in the United States, 500,000 children between the ages of 3 months and 5 years will experience convulsions related to fever. The cause of these so-called febrile seizures remains unknown, and questions over how best to treat and prevent them are a source of confusion to both physicians and frightened parents. This poorly understood disorder was the target of a consensus development panel recently convened by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). According to the panel, chaired by Edwin L. Kendig, MD, professor of pediatrics at the Medical College of Virginia of Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, a majority (60% to 70%) of children who experience one febrile seizure will not suffer a subsequent one and do not require long-term treatment. However, in a group of patients designated as high risk, prolonged anticonvulsant therapy should be considered despite the risk of drug-related side effects. The panel also sought to
Hepatoprotection by the farnesoid X receptor agonist GW4064 in rat models of intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: Yaping Liu, Jane Binz, Mary Jo Numerick, Steve Dennis, Guizhen Luo, Bhasha Desai, Kathleen I. MacKenzie, Traci A. Mansfield, Steven A. Kliewer, Bryan Goodwin, Stacey A. Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid–activated transcription factor that is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Fxr-null mice exhibit a phenotype similar to Byler disease, an inherited cholestatic liver disorder. In the liver, activation of FXR induces transcription of transporter genes involved in promoting bile acid clearance and represses genes involved in bile acid biosynthesis. We investigated whether the synthetic FXR agonist GW4064 could protect against cholestatic liver damage in rat models of extrahepatic and intrahepatic cholestasis. In the bile duct–ligation and α-naphthylisothiocyanate models of cholestasis, GW4064 treatment resulted in significant reductions in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, as well as other markers of liver damage. Rats that received GW4064 treatment also had decreased incidence and extent of necrosis, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased bile duct proliferation. Analysis of gene expression in livers from GW4064-treated cholestatic rats revealed decreased expression of bile acid biosynthetic genes and increased expression of genes involved in bile acid transport, including the phospholipid flippase MDR2. The hepatoprotection seen in these animal models by the synthetic FXR agonist suggests FXR agonists may be useful in the treatment of cholestatic liver disease.
Abdominal Radiography
Authors: KENNETH KLEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1983Abdominal RadiographyKENNETH KLEIN, M.D.KENNETH KLEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-1-115_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Eisenberg and associates (1) commendably correlated findings on normal abdominal radiographs with clinical features in a large number of emergency room patients with abdominal pain. But because patients were not subsequently seen, two important points remain unknown: the accuracy of the clinical and radiologic diagnosis assigned to each patient, and whether the radiographs "directly affected patient management," said to be the primary goal of their study.The radiologists apparently had clinical information when reviewing the radiographs, which duplicates normal practice, but at the same time the interpretation was probably influenced by the clinical information. But even if...Reference1. EISENBERG R, HEINEKEN P, HEDGCOCK M, FEDERLE M, and GOLDBERG H. Evaluation of plain abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis of abdominal pain. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:257-61. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KENNETH KLEIN, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCorrection: Abdominal Radiographs 1 January 1983Volume 98, Issue 1 Page: 115-115 Keywords Abdominal pain Diagnostic radiology Emergency department Radiologists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Renal Function in Relation to Low Levels of Cadmium Exposure in a Group of Smelter Workers
Authors: G. Kazantzis, B. G. Armstrong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Blood and urine samples were obtained from 274 smelter workers and urine samples from 48 controls. Cadmium, beta 2-microglobulin, and creatinine were estimated in blood and urine, and total protein in urine. Concentrations of cadmium in urine (mean 2.0 nmole/mmole creatinine) and blood (mean 21.8 nmole/L) observed in the smelter workers confirmed that this group had absorbed more cadmium than the general population, but less than most other occupationally exposed groups studied. Mean beta 2-microglobulin in urine was not significantly different in the smelter workers and the controls. The mean total protein in urine was 20% higher in the smelter workers, a difference which was significant (p congruent to 0.01). There was no consistent picture within the smelter workers of a relationship between history of cadmium exposure and the effect measures of beta 2-microglobulin in urine and blood, total protein in urine, creatinine clearance and relative beta 2-microglobulin clearance. Small but significant positive correlation coefficients were observed between cadmium in urine and beta 2-microglobulin in urine (r = 0.13), total protein in urine (r = 0.23) and beta 2-microglobulin clearance (r = 0.15), although these may be artifactual.
Vascular Medicine in <i>Circulation</i> and the <i>Circulation</i> Subspecialty Journals
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The following articles are being highlighted as part of Circulation's Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the articles related to vascular medicine that were published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals in 2010 and 2011.
Feminine Forever
Authors: Kathryn S. Huss
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A physician writing on a medical subject for the lay public has a moral obligation to present facts in an easy-to-understand fashion, not to mislead the reader, and to write with dignity and modesty. In all of these ways the author of<i>Feminine Forever</i>fails. Dr. Wilson claims to be the originator of estrogen treatment for women during the menopause and postmenopausal period, and to have "dreamed up" sequential estrogenprogestogen cyclic therapy; he repeatedly describes estrogen replacement therapy as new and unique. He maintains that femininity, both physical and emotional, is determined by the amount of estrogen in the body. Estrogen therapy, therefore, can increase femininity in young women, preserve it in middle-aged women, and restore it in the aged. The book emphasizes sexuality and its importance in the life of every woman—"her physical, social, and psychological fulfillment all depend on one crucial test: her ability to attract a suitable
True Spit
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTH-048 The PopCol study: epidemiology by endoscopy in a Swedish adult random population. Intraepithelial lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in the normal colon and irritable bowel syndrome: Abstract PTH-048
Authors: M M Walker, A Warwick, C Ung, N J Talley, L Kjelstrom, H Nyhlin, L Franzen, A Ost, A Nixon Andreasson, L Agreus
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The normal count for intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs)/100 enterocytes in the colon has been defined at 20. Normal eosinophil counts are harder to identify. In the caecum, eosinophils are more numerous and up to 40/high power fields (HPF) is suggested to be normal. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), by definition is not associated with pathology by microscopy but colonic innate immune disorder is implicated in some patients. The aim of this study was to define cell counts in a normal group of subjects and to compare these in subjects with IBS to ascertain if these may be used as biomarkers. <h3>Methods</h3> Colonoscopy with biopsies was performed in 742 subjects (mean age 51 years, 45% male) and biopsies taken from ileum (TI), caecum, transverse (TC), sigmoid colon (SC) and rectum (R) with a completed validated questionnaire of GI symptoms from a random population sample in Stockholm. Ethical approval, Karolinska Instititet. A case control study was performed comparing 90 normal subjects and 100 subjects with IBS, subtyped,(defined by Rome III criteria) to count IELs/100 enterocytes and eosinophils/5 HPF at each site in biopsies stained by H&amp;E. Sections were examined by two observers. For each section the number of IELs/100 enterocytes was counted, and the number of eosinophils counted in five non-overlapping HPF. <h3>Results</h3> Of 90 control subjects, mean age 52 years, (SD11.4) 53.3% men. Of 100 IBS patients, mean age 46 years (SD13.7) 39% men. In IBS subjects, 17 were classified IBS-C (35% men), 30 with IBS-D (30% men), 13 with IBS-M (15% men), 40 with unsubtyped IBS (58% men). Lin9s concordance results for inter-observer variability were 0.94 for IELs and 0.99 for eosinophils. Histopathology in controls and IBS was normal. Cell counts were compared in normal subjects categorised by gender, BMI, age and medications and no significant differences were observed between any categories. Eosinophil counts were highest in the caecum regardless of diagnosis (p&lt;0.05) (Abstract 048). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study has defined normal cell counts for IELs and eosinophils in the TI and colon. No significant differences were found with medication, BMI, age or gender or comparing normal subjects with IBS patients.