tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Red Cell
Authors: G. W. G. Bird
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Humans are an inherently social species, with multiple focal brain regions sensitive to various visual social cues such as faces, bodies, and biological motion. More recently, research has begun to investigate how the brain responds to more complex, naturalistic social scenes, identifying a region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (SI-pSTS; i.e., social interaction pSTS), among others, as an important region for processing social interaction. This research, however, has presented images <i>or</i> videos, and thus the contribution of motion to social interaction perception in these brain regions is not yet understood. In the current study, 22 participants viewed videos, image sequences, scrambled image sequences and static images of either social interactions or non-social independent actions. Combining univariate and multivariate analyses, we confirm that bilateral SI-pSTS plays a central role in <i>dynamic</i> social interaction perception but is much less involved when ‘interactiveness’ is conveyed solely with static cues. Regions in the social brain, including SI-pSTS and extrastriate body area (EBA), showed sensitivity to both motion and interactive content. While SI-pSTS is somewhat more tuned to video interactions than is EBA, both bilateral SI-pSTS and EBA showed a greater response to social interactions compared to non-interactions and both regions responded more strongly to videos than static images. Indeed, both regions showed higher responses to interactions than independent actions in videos and intact sequences, but not in other conditions. Exploratory multivariate regression analyses suggest that selectivity for simple visual motion does not in itself drive interactive sensitivity in either SI-pSTS or EBA. Rather, selectivity for interactions expressed in point-light animations, and selectivity for static images of bodies, make positive and independent contributions to this effect across the LOTC region. Our results strongly suggest that EBA and SI-pSTS work together during dynamic interaction perception, at least when interactive information is conveyed primarily via <i>body</i> information. As such, our results are also in line with proposals of a third visual stream supporting dynamic social scene perception.
The Milwaukee Brace
Authors: John E. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The second edition of this useful small book, first published in 1973, has been modified to bring it in line with current practices in brace management of spinal deformities. Recognition of the possible harmful effects of excess radiation is acknowledged by recommendations that substantially reduce the number of recommended radiographs. The use of underarm braces with no neck ring or metallic superstructure for curves in the low thoracic and lumbar regions is described. Also, the indications for the use of superstructure are clarified, namely, in curves with their apices above the tenth thoracic vertebra and in the management of Scheuermann's kyphosis. Long-term studies performed by the authors have shown the tendency for a curve to return toward its original degree long after the brace has been removed. Because of this knowledge, the indications for brace management have been redefined. A brace and exercise program is indicated for curves between 20°
Expiratory Peak Flow Rate. Standard Values for Normal Subjects. Use as a Clinical Test of Ventilatory Function
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Boxing makes more headlines than usual and a lot of the news hasn't been good
Authors: V. S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1989)

WHEN A YOUNG man can lose a fight and still earn as much as $13 million for 91 seconds of being punched, it may be unrealistic to expect that potentially grave health risks will deter the continuation of professional boxing. Even though few professional boxers ever stand to reap the financial rewards of current heavyweight champion Mike Tyson or challenger Michael Spinks (whom Tyson knocked out in about a minute and a half), their success seems to keep the dream alive for some youngsters. However, amateur boxing is about to come under closer scrutiny again. Juan Antonio Samarach, president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), supports boxing but announced at the conclusion of the Games in Seoul that the IOC is studying a suggestion to drop it as an Olympic sport. A similar study was made in 1984. The IOC's Executive Committee reviewed the status of boxing at its meeting
Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sarah Ringold, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Multiple SclerosisM ultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).The disease process results in inflammation and damage to myelin (insulation of the nerve fibers) and other cells within the nervous system.Because myelin aids the conduction of nerve signals, damage to myelin results in impaired nerve signaling and may impair normal sensation, movement, and thinking.This damage occurs in patches that appear as distinct lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-the use of magnetic fields to create detailed images of the body.The patches cause different symptoms depending on their location within the nervous system.Multiple sclerosis primarily affects adults, with an age of onset typically between 20 and 50 years, and is more common in women than in men.The cause of this disorder is not known, but environmental, viral, and genetic factors are thought to play a role.The December 20, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about multiple sclerosis and vitamin D levels.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the January 26, 2005, issue of JAMA.
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Laminectomy and microlaminectomy for treatment of lumbar disk herniation
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stressful sleep
Authors: Jonathan C. Jun, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)

Few would challenge the assertion that the inability to breathe is stressful. In fact, inhaling carbon dioxide to simulate asphyxia is a time-honoured research protocol to unmask panic disorder [1]. Sleep loss is also stressful, as evidenced by increased cortisol and sympathetic tone in insomnia [2] or sleep deprivation [3, 4]. In the case of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), impaired breathing efforts may jolt the sleeper awake with surges in heart rate, blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity and catecholamines. The treatment of OSA normalises many of these parameters [5]. Hence, OSA clearly engages the "fight or flight" response; a term coined in 1915 by Walter Cannon to describe activation of the sympathetic nervous system to defend homeostasis [6]. In 1936, Hans Selye defined stress as "the non-specific response of the body to any demand upon it" and postulated the General Adaptation Syndrome [7] describing how repeated physical or psychological demands elicit initially adaptive, then maladaptive responses. When stress induces negative consequences, it shifts from potentially productive stress (eustress) to damaging distress. Unrelenting distress may lead to a variety of disorders through hypercortisolism [8]. The ideas of Cannon and Selye have helped formulate the still widespread view that all threats, whether real or imagined, are countered by a global and stereotyped activation of the neuroendocrine system. Obstructive sleep apnoea increases the stress hormone cortisol, and CPAP can correct this problem <http://ow.ly/Wdy5F>
Medical housing "lines".
Authors: H S Kohli
Journal: BMJ (1986)

General practitioners are often asked for medical certificates (housing "lines") by applicants for council housing who claim to have medical problems requiring housing priority. The results of a survey by questionnaire showed that general practitioners in Edinburgh do not know how the housing system works and that they seem to overestimate their patients9 chances of obtaining suitable council housing. General practitioners need to know how the housing system works, and communication between general practitioners and housing departments should be improved. A comparison was also made between the number of medical points awarded by a community medicine specialist and a group of general practitioners who had written housing "lines" for their patients. The general practitioners tended to award more points than the specialist. Social priority for housing should be recognised as an independent factor and a new category of top social priority added.
ALCOHOL AND MUSCULAR EXERCISE
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Phase I/II Study of Bortezomib in Combination with Doxorubicin and Intermediate-Dose Dexamethasone (iPAD therapy) for Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Yasushi Takamatsu, Kazutaka Sunami, Tsuyoshi Muta, Junichi Tsukada, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Tetsuya Eto, Masakazu Higuchi, Hiroyuki Hata, Junji Suzumiya, Kazuo Tamura
Journal: Blood (2011)
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Jeffrey L. Cummings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is predicted to reach 13.2 million cases in the United States. This article considers current therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease. Optimal management requires accurate diagnosis, which is increasingly based on an understanding of pathophysiology. Neuroprotective strategies, cholinesterase inhibitors, psychopharmacologic agents that may reduce behavioral disturbances, and newer agents such as memantine are discussed.
Identification of Endogenous Electrophiles by Means of Mass Spectrometric Determination of Protein and DNA Adducts
Authors: Peter B. Farmer, Eric Bailey, Stephen Naylor, Denise Anderson, Alan Brooks, Julia Cushnir, John H. Lamb, Ovnair Sepai, Yuk-Sim Tang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Monitoring exposure to alkylating agents may be achieved by quantitatively determining the adduct levels formed with nucleic acids and/or proteins. One of the most significant results arising from the application of this approach has been the discovery in control populations of "background" levels of alkylated nucleic acid bases or alkylated proteins, in particular hemoglobin (Hb). In the case of Hb, a wide variety of such adducts have been detected and quantitated by mass spectrometric techniques, with methylated, 2-carboxyethylated, and 2-hydroxyethylated modifications being most abundant. Although the source of these alkylation products is unknown, both endogenous and exogenous sources may be proposed. We have recently confirmed the presence of the N-terminal hydroxyethylvaline adduct in control human Hb using tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) and have now established background levels using GC-MS in more than 70 samples. Smoking raises the levels of the adduct up to 10-fold and occupational exposure to ethylene oxide up to 300-fold. Background levels of alkylated nucleic acids may be studied by analysis of N7-alkylated guanine or N3-alkylated adenine, which are excised from nucleic acids after their formation and are excreted in urine. Although the presence of some of these urinary constituents may be accounted for by their natural occurrence in RNA or diet, the endogenous or exogenous source of others is unknown. Quantitative methods using MS-MS have now been developed for five of the observed urinary alkylguanines [N7-methyl-, N2-methyl-, N2-dimethyl-, N7-(2-hydroxyethyl)-, and N2-ethylguanine].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spermicides, HIV, and the vaginal sponge
Authors: K. M. Stone
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Despite the current epidemic of sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), prevention measures known to be effective are underutilized. Most prevention guidelines have appropriately emphasized abstinence, monogamy between uninfected partners, or condom use. Condoms are highly effective if used consistently and correctly.<sup>1</sup>These strategies, however, are not acceptable to some persons at high risk for HIV infection. Furthermore, women at risk for HIV infection must depend on male partners to use condoms. In recent years, the desire to protect women from HIV infection and the sense of desperate need for strategies less dependent on male cooperation have ignited sparks of enthusiasm for vaginal spermicides as a preventive measure. Data to support use of vaginal spermicides, including the nonoxynol 9 sponge, to prevent HIV infection include (1) laboratory studies that showed that nonoxynol 9 and other spermicides inactivate HIV See also p 477.
Reproduction, History
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Taking an 'ethics history'
Authors: C. Seton-Jones
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Taking an 'ethics history' I agree with Abhay Das (September 2005 JRSM 1 ) that ascertaining patients' views and taking an ethics history increases the likelihood of patients receiving appropriate and acceptable treatment.However, I feel that the suggestion that advanced directives are the best way to extend patients' autonomy in circumstances when they would otherwise be incompetent is perhaps a bit simplistic.Dr Das mentions that there are dangers as well as benefits to advanced directives but he did not expand on this.When the medical team comes to apply the directive there are no clues to the circumstances in which the orders were written.At the time of writing an advanced directive the patient may well have been vulnerable to coercion and undue influence.However, it can be impossible to assess whether this was the case, which makes assessing the validity of the document difficult.The language used in an advanced directive is often vague and ambiguous; therefore to apply the directive to a specific decision can be less than easy.It is impossible for patients to foresee every clinical scenario and to predict how they would feel in these circumstances.Furthermore, patients' preferences may change in light of their illness experience.The individual who wrote the directive may be very different to the patient it is applied to because the conditions which call for the use of advanced directive are the very same conditions that alter personality, identity, intentions and interests.Given these problems with assessing validity and applicability of advanced directives, it is unrealistic to imagine that they can be used in isolation to make clinical decisions at the end of life.They can of course be useful, but need to be regularly reviewed to ensure they express the current wishes of the individual.As the BMA recommends, they should be used as a 'part of a continuing dialogue between the doctor and patient' 2,3 and not as a way of avoiding discussing end-of-life decisions.
OF AUTOPSIES
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Breast Cancer Controversy
Authors: Janet B. Henrich
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To provide an overview of the postmenopausal estrogen/breast cancer controversy emphasizing the sources of disagreement in the literature and their clinical and research implications. <h3>Data Source and Selection.</h3> —A MEDLINE search of the English-language literature and a review of bibliographies of meta-analyses describing the association between postmenopausal estrogen use and breast cancer risk. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Twenty-four original articles and three meta-analyses were reviewed. In addition, five studies that attempted to minimize detection bias were reviewed to assess the potential role of this bias on risk estimates. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Among the original articles, risk estimates ranged from a protective to an adverse effect in women who ever used estrogens; no consistent quantitative effects of estrogens on breast cancer risk were found. In the meta-analyses, summary risk estimates were not significantly elevated in women who ever used estrogen. Findings from European-based studies may account for the increased risk associated with increasing duration of use reported in one meta-analysis. In studies that controlled for detection bias, risk estimates were 1 or less in the ever-used category; there was no consistent effect across other categories of use. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —These findings do not support an overall increased risk of breast cancer in women who ever used postmenopausal estrogens or a conclusive or consistent effect across other measures of use. Cross-national differences in estrogen use and inequalities in breast cancer detection between estrogen users and nonusers may account for the increased risk estimates reported in some studies. Newer estrogen and progestin-opposed regimens need to be evaluated further. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:1900-1902)