tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fast neutron treatment for squamous cell carcinoma.
Journal: BMJ (1991)

clinical criteria that they used but a measure of the positive predictive value.'The positive predictive value is the likelihood of a positive test result being true, whereas the sensitivity is the likelihood of a patient with the disease having a positive test result.2None the less, their findings should be encouraging to doctors, who may presumably apply the same criteria with reasonable confidence as to diagnostic accuracy.A previous study reported a positive predictive value of only 46% for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.3Dr Burns and colleagues imply that improved results might have been obtained by using the criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Dis- orders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association.A carefully conducted prospective study of these criteria found a positive predictive value of only 68%.4Such findings indicate widely varying predictive values when the criteria are applied in different settings and may cause doctors to pause before diagnosing Alzheimer's disease.These discrepancies may be attributable to variable prevalence of the disease in the populations under study.As predicted by Bayes's theorem the positive predictive value of a test is diminished as the prevalence of the disease in the population decreases.3Differences in prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the populations reported on may be explained by true geographical differences or by differences based on referral and selection biases.Unfortunately, many published reports do not describe referral and selection criteria well enough to allow judgment on the potential implications for prevalence of Alzheimer's disease in the study population.Consequently, conclusions regarding accuracy of clinical diagnostic schemes must remain tentative.Researchers must adequately report their selection criteria if readers are to understand their results in the context of other studies.
Prevalence of Self-Reported Physically Active Adults—United States, 2007
Journal: JAMA (2009)

The report, 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (2008 Guidelines), released in October by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides new guidelines for aerobic physical activity (i.e., activity that increases breathing and heart rate) and muscle strengthening physical activity. Under the 2008 Guidelines, the minimum recommended aerobic physical activity required to produce substantial health benefits in adults is 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week, or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity per week, or an equivalent combination of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. Recommendations for aerobic physical activity in the 2008 Guidelines differ from those used in Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) objectives, which call for adults to engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity, 5 days per week, or 20 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity, 3 days per week. To establish baseline data for the 2008 Guidelines and compare the percentage of respondents who reported meeting these guidelines with the percentage who reported meeting HP2010 objectives, CDC analyzed data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that, overall, 64.5% of respondents in 2007 reported meeting the 2008 Guidelines, and 48.8% of the same respondents reported meeting HP2010 objectives. Public health officials should be aware that, when applied to BRFSS data, the two sets of recommendations yield different results. Additional efforts are needed to further increase physical activity.
Flu Vaccine
Authors: W. Paul Glezen
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vox Sanguinis, Basel
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: B. R. Walker, Rona M. Mackie
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Reply Get access B. R. Walker, B. R. Walker Department of Dermatology, Anderson College Building, 56 Dumbarton Rd, Glasgow G11 6NU, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Rona M. Mackie Rona M. Mackie Department of Dermatology, Anderson College Building, 56 Dumbarton Rd, Glasgow G11 6NU, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 3, 1 March 1991, Pages 301–302, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00584.x Published: 01 March 1991
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Burton Combes, Robert L. Carithers, Willis C. Maddrey, Danyu Lin, Mary F. McDonald, Donald E. Wheeler, Edwin H. Eigenbrodt, Santiago J. Muñoz, Raphael Rubin, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Gregory F. Bonner, Alexander B. West, James L. Boyer, Velimir A. Luketic, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Scott A. Mills, Marion G. Peters, Heather M. White, Rowen K. Zetterman, Stephen S. Rossi, Alan F. Hofmann, Rodney S. Markin
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

One hundred fifty-one patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) grouped into four strata based on entry serum bilirubin (&lt;2 mg/dL vs. 2 mg/dL or greater) and liver histology (stages I, II vs. stages III, IV-Ludwig criteria) were randomized within each stratum to ursodiol or placebo given in a single dose of 10 to 12 mg/kg at bedtime for 2 years. Placebo- (n = 74) and ursodiol-treated (n = 77) patients were well matched at baseline for demographic and prognostic factors. Ursodiol induced major improvements in biochemical tests of the liver in strata 1 and 2 (entry bilirubin &lt;2), but had less effect on laboratory tests in patients with entry serum bilirubin of ≥2 (strata 3 and 4). Histology was favorably affected by ursodiol in patients in strata 1 and 2 but not in strata 3 and 4. Ursodiol enrichment in fasting bile obtained at the conclusion of the trial was approximately 40% and comparable in all strata. Thus, differences in ursodiol enrichment of the bile acid pool do not explain better responses of laboratory tests and histology found in patients with less advanced PBC. Patients treated with ursodiol tended to develop a treatment failure less frequently than those who received placebo, particularly in strata 1 and 2 (ursodiol 42%, placebo 60%, P = .078). Development of severe symptoms (fatigue/pruritus) and doubling of serum bilirubin were reduced significantly in ursodiol-treated patients. Major complications of liver disease, progression to liver transplantation or death, occurred in 10.5% and 76.6%, respectively, in patients who had an entry serum bilirubin of &lt;2 or ≥2 mg/dL. The incidence of these complications was comparable in ursodiol- and placebo-treated patients. Treatment failure occurred sooner in placebo than in ursodiol-treated patients in strata 1 and 2 but at the same rate in similarly treated patients in strata 3 and 4. Patients with advanced disease are unlikely to benefit from ursodiol. Trials longer than 2 years will likely be needed to determine whether ursodiol reduces major complications of liver disease in patients with milder disease. (Hepatology 1995;22:759-766.)
Routine Biochemistry in Suspected Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Steven R Peacey
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Vitamin D deficiency, which continues to be widespread amongst persons of Asian descent in the UK, is often detected from abnormal results on routine biochemistry. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of abnormal results from routine baseline tests of serum calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase in patients who subsequently proved to have vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. A retrospective examination was undertaken to assess these baseline indices in a cohort of 84 such patients seen in Bradford-5 male; 80 of Asian descent; median age 46 years (range 16-82); serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<10 microg/L; parathyroid hormone >54 ng/L. Calcium was normal in 55 patients (66%), phosphate in 68 (81%) and alkaline phosphatase in 24 (29%). In only 5 patients were all three indices outside the normal range. The median parathyroid hormone concentration was significantly greater in patients with abnormal routine biochemistry (145 [range 55-1662] ng/L) than in patients with normal routine biochemistry (88 [59-322] ng/L) but the median 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels did not differ (3.1 [1.3-9.9] and 3.0 [1.5-7.3] microg/L). Routine biochemistry was normal in 20% of cases. If routine biochemistry is relied upon to detect vitamin D deficiency and osteomalacia, a substantial minority of cases will be missed.
Ex Machina
Authors: Eric A. Ravitz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

It was cool and foggy that historical morning. The mood was somber but determined. The participants were a bit edgy, possibly not realizing the full impact their actions were to have on medical history. One could have seen the scenario evolving for years, but the big explosion happened just months before, when a strange emergency occurred. "Doctor, come quickly. We have a major problem in the x-ray department." "What's wrong?" "No time to talk. Come stat!" Gee, I wonder what's going on. I bolted out of my office and down the hall as quickly as my arthritic knee would carry me. As I approached x-ray, overwhelming foreboding came over me. "Hold it right there, Doc," a computerlike voice scratched as I flew in through the door. "Come any closer and she's history." Orwell's world flashed in my mind as I stood frozen, facing the CT scanner. It was talking to
A History of the Boston City Hospital, from its Foundation Until 1904.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Queries and Minor Notes.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular signatures generated with RNA Isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens differentiate metastatic and non-metastatic primary breast cancer
Authors: K. Tanaka, D. Shimizu, H. Kuramochi, J. Cooc, M. Williams, R. Li, P. Chen, K. D. Danenberg, P. V. Danenberg, H. J. Lenz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

614 Background: Breast cancer can be either non-metastatic (locally-advanced) or metastatic, with the latter giving rise to a considerably worse prognosis. Because tissue from patients is generally available only as FFPE specimens, we investigated whether distinct molecular “signatures” could be obtained for these breast cancer types using RNA isolated from archival FFPE specimen blocks in gene expression arrays. Methods: FFPE specimens were available from 15 non-metastatic tumors and 12 primary tumors along with their matching metastases. Up to 5 10-micron sections of each were microdissected to isolate areas of tumor tissue. RNA was extracted using a proprietary procedure of Response Genetics, Inc. and was then amplified and labeled. The resulting cRNA was hybridized to the U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip. An unsupervised PCA analysis of the samples resulted in the first principal component separating 2 distinct groups which consisted of the non-metastatic and metastatic tumors. A differentially expressed gene list between metastatic and non-metastatic CRC was determined. These data were also analyzed for differential canonical pathways using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results: Hierarchical clustering analysis segregated locallyadvanced primary tumors and metastatic primary tumors intotwo clusters with distinct gene signatures. A T-test with unequal variance assumption identified 1595 differentially expressed probe sets with FDR (false discovery rate) = 0.005 (p=0.00015). However, comparison of primary tumors with their liver metastases using a paired T-test showed only 18 differentially expressed probe sets at FDR=0.05 and 1019 genes with significance p value ≤ 0.005. Pathway analysis showed significant deregulation of FGF signaling, G2/M DNA damage cell cycle checkpoint, IL-2, IL-4 and EGF signaling between locally advanced and metastatic primary tumors. Conclusion. We have demonstrated the feasibility of identifying metastatic and non-metastatic tumors by microarray analysis using FFPE breast cancer tissue. This result is currently being validated in a separate larger cohort of patients. [Table: see text]
Reference Committees of the House of Delegates
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IOM panel exonerates researchers in FIAU deaths
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ISSUING its report on the deaths of five patients treated with fialuradine (FIAU), an experimental drug, in a study aimed at eliminating the carrier state of hepatitis B, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has exonerated the scientists involved. There was no "evidence of negligence or carelessness," the fatalities could not have been foreseen, the report concludes. This conclusion was similar to an earlier report prepared at the request of the director of the National Institutes of Health. But it is at some variance with a probe of the incident by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which concluded in its report that the investigators had failed to analyze the data regarding adverse events in a way that might have tipped them off to the toxicity of FIAU (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:9-11). The latest report was prepared by an eight-member committee chaired by Morton Swartz, MD, professor of medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston,
SAT0530 Development of A Patient Reported Outcome Measure of Tophus Burden: the Tophus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ-20)
Authors: O. Aati, W. Taylor, R. Seigert, A. Horne, M. House, P. Tan, J. Drake, L. Stamp, N. Dalbeth
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> The tophus represents a chronic foreign body granulomatous response to monosodium urate crystals. Tophi have been associated with activity limitation, joint damage and mortality in people with gout. Currently, tophus burden is measured using physical examination and imaging methods, and no tophus-specific patient reported outcome (PRO) measure exists. <h3>Objectives</h3> To develop a PRO tool to assess tophus burden in people with gout. <h3>Methods</h3> The responses from interviews with 25 people with tophaceous gout were used to generate items for a preliminary PRO tool. Cognitive testing for each item was performed by interviewing five healthcare professionals and a further five people with tophaceous gout. A preliminary 34-item questionnaire was administered to 103 people with tophaceous gout. Rasch analysis generated a 20-item Tophus Impact Questionnaire (TIQ-20) (maximum score 20). Test-retest reproducibility over a two week interval was assessed in 53 participants, and construct validity was assessed by analysing Spearman9s correlations between TIQ-20 scores and other measures of gout severity. Calculated Spearman9s correlations were compared with predicted correlations generated by three rheumatologists. <h3>Results</h3> The TIQ-20 included items related to pain, activity limitation, footwear modification, participation, psychological impact and healthcare utilisation due to tophi. The TIQ-20 responses fit the Rasch model and demonstrated unidimensionality, adequate precision, absence of differential item functioning, and adequate person separation index. In the 103 patients with tophaceous gout, the median TIQ-20 score was 6 (range 2-19). Floor and ceiling effects were both 0%. The TIQ-20 test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.83). The TIQ-20 scores weakly correlated with serum urate concentrations (r=0.25) and frequency of gout flares (r=0.24), p&lt;0.05 for both. TIQ-20 moderately correlated with HAQ-II scores (r=0.48), subcutaneous tophus count (r=0.42) and dual energy CT urate volume (n=79, r=0.41), p&lt;0.001 for all. With the exception of the HAQ-II, the calculated correlations were consistent with predicted relationships. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have developed and validated a tophus-specific PRO in a population of patients with tophaceous gout. The TIQ-20 demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties. Initial results shows promising face and construct validity, reproducibility and feasibility. Further research is required to determine responsiveness to change. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3364
Asthma mortality:summary of a round-table discussion, New York, January 1997
Authors: U Ackermann-Liebrich, H Anderson, J Anto, R Beasley, A Buist, P Burney, P Ernst, P Gergen, R Ingram, S Lanes, N Pearce, C Reed, B Rijcken, S Suissa, P Vermeire, A Walker
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)
Sanitary Council of the Mississippi Valley.—
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal