tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Applications of Numerical Methods to Simulate the Movement of Contaminants in Groundwater
Authors: Ne-Zheng Sun
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This paper reviews mathematical models and numerical methods that have been extensively used to simulate the movement of contaminants through the subsurface. The major emphasis is placed on the numerical methods of advection-dominated transport problems and inverse problems. Several mathematical models that are commonly used in field problems are listed. A variety of numerical solutions for three-dimensional models are introduced, including the multiple cell balance method that can be considered a variation of the finite element method. The multiple cell balance method is easy to understand and convenient for solving field problems. When the advection transport dominates the dispersion transport, two kinds of numerical difficulties, overshoot and numerical dispersion, are always involved in solving standard, finite difference methods and finite element methods. To overcome these numerical difficulties, various numerical techniques are developed, such as upstream weighting methods and moving point methods. A complete review of these methods is given and we also mention the problems of parameter identification, reliability analysis, and optimal-experiment design that are absolutely necessary for constructing a practical model.
Gout
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metal-Induced Infidelity of DNA Synthesis
Authors: Richard A. Zakour, Thomas A. Kunkel, Lawrence A. Loeb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

In this paper, we consider the effects of metal ions on the accuracy of catalysis by DNA polymerases. Certain activating and nonactivating metal ions have been shown to diminish the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro with a variety of DNA polymerases. There is a significant correlation between the metals that decrease fidelity and those that have been reported to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. Thus, metal carcinogens are no exception to the general postulate that carcinogens can be identified by their interactions with DNA.
Latent metastases from occult sclerosing carcinoma of the thyroid. A report of two cases
Authors: R. J. Reed
Journal: JAMA (1966)

During routine examination of cervical lymph nodes from two patients, small inclusions were discovered that had the histological appearance of normal thyroid tissue. However, these inclusions were interpreted as metastases from occult thyroid carcinoma, and thyroidectomies were performed. Thorough examination of the thyroid glands disclosed tiny sclerosing follicular carcinomas in both cases. The coexistence of two relatively rare processes in these two patients supports the conclusion that the lymph-node inclusions represent true metastases from the sclerosing carcinomas. This interpretation is at variance with the widely held opinion that small inclusions of thyroid tissue in cervical lymph nodes are non-neoplastic nests of little, if any, clinical significance.
REPORTS ON TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: J. E. WOODBRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

When I first publicly declared that "death is a wholly unnecessary consequence of typhoid fever, and that every case in which proper treatment is instituted sufficiently early in the course of the disease can be aborted," I stated also that "I fully appreciated the disgrace and ignominy which would await me" should I be found guilty of promulgating a false doctrine. I knew that I was speaking a language which would be utterly unintelligible to the greatest thinkers in the profession, and also that it would have been so to me, but for the<i>eclaircissement</i>of many years of experience. As it took so much evidence to convince me, 1, that<i>any</i>case of typhoid fever could be aborted; 2, that any<i>severe</i>case could be aborted; and, finally, that<i>every</i>case could be aborted, and that death from the disease could be always averted; I can not understand how,
Effect of Prolonged Labor on Mechanism of Fetal Oxygenation
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Exposures
Authors: Floyd Skloot
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PETT scanners probe "frontiers' of brain
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Sometime this summer, Robert Beck will place his head inside one of the nation's newest positron emission transaxial tomography (PETT) scanners. It will be a first for this particular device—in terms of scanning a human—but not for Beck, director of the University of Chicago's Franklin McLean Memorial Research Institute (FMI). He volunteered his head once before and is unlikely ever to forget the result. Visiting St Louis in the fall of 1980, when PETT studies with monkeys had been completed at Washington University, Beck volunteered to be the first human to be scanned with the university's prototype PETT VI. The resulting images (Figure) produced a surprise: an asymmetric distribution of blood in the left temporal lobe of Beck's brain. "I suspected I had a brain tumor," Beck recalls. Back at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine, Beck discussed the scans with Jerre Levy, PhD, whose work includes extensive
Evaluation of structural change in diffuse liver disease with frequency domain analysis of ultrasound
Authors: K Suzuki
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

To evaluate structural changes in diffuse liver disease, frequency domain analysis was applied to ultrasonic signals from the liver. We assumed that liver tissue is a collection of semiregularly arrayed small scatterers of ultrasound. We applied cepstral analysis to the ultrasonic waveforms and evaluated the periodicity of scalloping of the power spectrum caused by an interference effect among liver scatterers of a given spacing. Patients with liver conditions involving nonspecific change (n = 6), chronic hepatitis (n = 11), cirrhosis (n = 7) or fatty liver (n = 6) were examined. One hundred ultrasonic signals were obtained noninvasively with a 3.5-MHz transducer, and the space among scatterers was calculated for each signal using cepstrum analysis. Two statistical parameters, mode and kurtosis, were determined from the distribution of the space among scatterers for each patient; these parameters were compared with the histological findings in the liver. Space among scatterers kurtosis decreased with progress of liver fibrosis, and space among scatterers mode increased in cirrhosis. Neither space among scatterers kurtosis nor space among scatterers mode was affected by pathological fat in the liver. These results suggest that we can evaluate fibrotic changes in diffuse liver disease and that we can also noninvasively discriminate diffuse fibrotic liver disease from fatty liver. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:1041–1046.)
The Common Cold, with Special Reference to the Part Played by Streptococci, Pneumococci, and Other Organisms.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>On a Form of Disease resembling some advanced stages of mania and fever, but so contradistinguished from any ordinarily observed or described combination of symptoms, as to render it probable that it may be an overlooked and hitherto unrecorded malady: by</i>Luther V. Bell, M. D., Physician and Superintendent of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, Somerville, Mass
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1849)
Medical Literature
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of myocardial perfusion by harmonic power doppler myocardial contrast echocardiography at rest and during ATP stress: Comparison with coronary flow velocity reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery Masaaki Takeuchi, Chinami Miyazaki, Hidetoshi Yoshitani, Shinichiro Otani, Kazuo Sakamoto, Junichi Yoshikawa. Tane General Hospital, Osaka, Japan, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Pancytopenia following low-dose oral methotrexate therapy for psoriasis
Authors: J. L. Shupack
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Low-dose oral methotrexate therapy was associated with the onset of anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia in two patients with psoriasis. Both patients survived, but required prolonged hospitalization. No precipitating factor other than methotrexate could be identified. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3594-3596)
One thing leads to another
Authors: J. Hirsch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

In 1956, the JCI published an article by Vincent Dole on a method for titrating plasma fatty acids that uncovered the importance of fatty acids as a substrate for glucose metabolism. When asked to prepare a historical perspective on this very popular paper, I paid Dole a visit and we reminisced. His answer to my question of how he came to do this work on plasma fatty acids was: “Well, one thing leads to another.” Let me remind the reader of what “things” were like in 1956 and how they might have related to Dole’s important contribution.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Early Rise in Mean Corpuscular Volume-Reply
Authors: Charles A. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The observations of Drs Smith and Malon support my earlier statements that "deficiencies of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>or folate are among the least common causes of a high MCV," and "the MCV is a clue to the possibility of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>... or of folate deficiency." The rewards of an early diagnosis are high and the physician should not ignore this simple clue that comes as a "gift" when he requests a complete blood cell count from a laboratory. Neither the serum vitamin B<sub>12</sub>level nor the serum folate level should ever be relied on as the sole means of establishing the presence of a deficiency of the respective vitamin.<sup>1-3</sup>The assays were developed, evaluated, and introduced by interested physicians as aids in the differential diagnosis of megaloblastic anemias. The subsequent adoption by hospital laboratories everywhere and the totally misdirected and wasteful applications as screens in
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Second Patient Who Received a Cadaveric Dura Mater Graft
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differences in the steady-state levels of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc messenger RNA during mitogen-induced liver growth and compensatory regeneration
Authors: P Coni
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The steady-state levels of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc messenger RNA were investigated in rat liver tissue after proliferative stimuli of different nature-namely, compensatory regeneration induced by partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride administration - and direct hyperplasia induced by four different hepatomitogens: lead nitrate, ethylene dibromide, cyproterone acetate and nafenopin. We show here that whereas c-fos and c-jun expression increased soon after partial hepatectomy or carbon tetrachloride administration, an increased expression of c-jun in the absence of c-fos expression occurred during direct hyperplasia induced by lead nitrate and ethylene dibromide. When hyperplasia was induced by cyproterone acetate and nafenopin, the mitogenic response of the liver was not associated with an increased expression of c-jun or c-fos, despite the fact that the timing of the cell cycle was similar to that observed after partial hepatectomy. Finally, when c-myc expression was analyzed, it was found that proliferative conditions associated with an increased expression of this gene were characterized by an increased expression of c-jun. On the contrary, the hyperplasia induced by cyproterone acetate and nafenopin, which is characterized by a lack of increase in the expression of c-fos and c-jun, was also not associated with an increased c-myc expression. Similar results were obtained in these experiments with the mitogen nafenopin, a peroxisome proliferator. In fact, liver hyperplasia induced by this compound was not preceded or accompanied by an increased expression of c-fos and c-myc. This study suggests that depending on the nature of the proliferative stimulus, an increased expression of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc may not be necessary for in vivo induction of liver cell proliferation. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:1109–1116.)
Erratum: “Mortality Risk and Fine Particulate Air Pollution in a Large, Representative Cohort of U.S. Adults”
Authors: C. Arden Pope, Jacob S. Lefler, Majid Ezzati, Joshua D. Higbee, Julian D. Marshall, Sun-Young Kim, Matthew Bechle, Kurtis S. Gilliat, Spencer E. Vernon, Allen L. Robinson, Richard T. Burnett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2019)
Ornithologists of the United States Army Medical Corps. Thirty-Six Biographies
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatic enzyme activity is the major factor determining elimination rate of high-clearance drugs in cirrhosis
Authors: R Callaghan
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The relative importance of alterations in hepatic enzyme activity, blood flow and drug binding to drug elimination in patients with liver disease remains controversial. In addition, liver disease appears to selectively impair drug oxidation pathways while leaving glucuronidation preserved. These studies using isolated perfused rat livers were designed to examine the effects of liver disease on the hepatic extraction and clearance and intrinsic clearance of morphine, a glucuronidated drug, and meperidine, an oxidized drug, under controlled blood flow and drugbinding conditions. We chose chronic carbon tetrachloride–induced cirrhosis as the liver disease. At a flow rate of 12 ml/min, the extraction of meperidine was reduced from 0.91 ± 0.02 ml/min in controls to 0.76 ± 0.04 ml/min (p <0.05) in cirrhosis, hepatic clearance was reduced from 10.9 ± 0.3 ml/min in controls to 9.15 ± 0.48 ml/min (p <0.05) in cirrhosis and intrinsic hepatic clearance was reduced from 179 ± 35 ml/min in controls to 69 ± 14 ml/min (p <0.05) in cirrhosis. In contrast, for morphine we saw no significant changes: extraction ratio, ± 0.59 ± 0.02 in controls and 0.49 ± 0.04 in cirrhosis; hepatic clearance, 7.02 ± 0.26 ml/min in controls and 6.04 ± 0.42 ml/min in cirrhosis; and hepatic intrinsic clearance, 15.4 ± 1.2 ml/min in controls and 13.9 ± 2.3 ml/min in cirrhosis. Regression analysis of hepatic clearance vs. hepatic blood flow and hepatic clearance vs. hepatic intrinsic clearance demonstrate that in normal livers the elimination of both morphine and meperidine is mainly dependent on blood flow. However, in cirrhotic liver the decrease in hepatic clearance of meperidine is contributed to by reduction in intrinsic clearance or enzyme activity. This study demonstrates that hepatic enzyme activity becomes an important determinant of altered drug disposition in cirrhosis and confirms that glucuronidation is relatively preserved in liver disease. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:54–60).
Incorrect Part Labels in a Figure
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2019)

Claire M. Gillan, PhD; Eyal Kalanthroff, PhD; Michael Evans, MA; Hilary M. Weingarden, PhD; Ryan J. Jacoby, PhD; Marina Gershkovich, PhD; Ivar Snorrason, PhD; Raphael Campeas, MD; Cynthia Cervoni, PhD; Nicholas Charles Crimarco, PhD; Yosef Sokol, PhD; Sarah L. Garnaat, PhD; Nicole C. R. McLaughlin, PhD; Elizabeth A. Phelps, PhD; Anthony Pinto, PhD; Christina L. Boisseau, PhD; Sabine Wilhelm, PhD; Nathaniel D. Daw, PhD; H. B. Simpson, MD, PhD