tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erratum: MicroRNA-375 inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through repressing insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor
Journal: Gut (2016)

MicroRNA-375 inhibits tumour growth and metastasis in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma through repressing insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Kong KL, Kwong DLW, Chan TH
Morris Fishbein, MD—1889-1976 Editor of JAMA—1924-1950
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1976)

On September 27, 1976, the medical profession lost one of its most distinguished and important members with the death of Morris Fishbein. His place in medicine was not secured by providing medical care nor by laboring in the research laboratory. His contributions were those of editor, author, lecturer, teacher, critic, and philosopher, and in these roles he was unsurpassed. Endowed with a prodigious memory, a brilliant intellect, and tireless energy, he became medicine's most colorful, well-known, and influential person. Shortly after he graduated from Rush Medical College in 1913, Doctor Fishbein became assistant to Dr George H. Simmons, editor of<i>The Journal of the American Medical Association</i>. In 1924 he succeeded to the editorship of this journal, a position he held until 1950.The Journal, first published in 1883, has had 12 editors to this date, and of these, Morris Fishbein held the editorship the longest. Counting his term as
Steroid therapy in uremic pericarditis. A report of three cases
Authors: G. Eliasson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PERICARDITIS and pericardial effusion complicating uremia are usually treated with frequent dialysis, rest, and supportive care. More aggressive therapy consists of pericardiocentesis, pericardial catheterization, pericardial window, or pericardiectomy. The use of steroids has been reported with varying results.<sup>1,2</sup>We report cases of three patients with uremic pericarditis who had effusion resistant to usual treatment, and who were treated with systemically given steroids. The response was dramatic. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 54-year-old white man was admitted to the hospital on June 6, 1972, with oliguric renal failure and uremia. A renal biopsy showed proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of previous streptococcal infection or collagen vascular disease. He was initially treated with peritoneal dialysis. On June 18, he developed substernal chest pain, a temperature of 38 C (100.5 F), and a pericardial friction rub. An electrocardiogram showed nonspecific ST-T changes. A chest x-ray
Cincinnati.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brian Pigott
Authors: S. Pigott
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Medical day hospitals (MDH) provide multidisciplinary care to older people living with frailty in an outpatient or day-case setting. Given the pressures on UK emergency departments (ED) combined with the rising numbers of frail older adults presenting as emergencies, we hypothesised that it would be possible for our MDH to be used to provide multidisciplinary ambulatory care for a subset of older patients presenting to ED. With adequate resources, this could potentially provide comprehensive geriatric assessment in an older-friendly environment with the additional benefit of improved flow within the ED. This paper discusses outcomes for the first 100 patients transferred from the ED to be assessed and managed within the MDH instead. Clinical judgement was used to select older patients who were likely to be able to go home the same day after assessment and multidisciplinary input within the MDH. As expected with a highly selected cohort, of the 100 patients transferred, 92% were discharged, noting that medical admission had already been planned for 31% of these patients prior to the involvement of the geriatrician. In conclusion, it is feasible for a cohort of older patients presenting to the ED to be managed within the MDH instead with additional potential for reducing avoidable admissions.
The Cover
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacterial translocation attenuates the systemic hemodynamic improvement produced by terlipressin in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Pablo Bellot, Rubén Francés, José Such, Jaime Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We appreciate the comments by Kalambokis et al. Bacterial translocation (BT) is associated with systemic hemodynamic derangement in patients with cirrhosis, because it worsens the inflammatory response and increases nitric oxide bioavailability.1 The preliminary data reported by Kalambokis et al. are interesting, and we consider that their findings are in line with our previous results, although they used different methods to assess BT. It has been shown by different authors that BT appears in approximately 40% of patients with advanced cirrhosis. Albillos et al.2 showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein (LBP), a reliable surrogate marker of LPS release, is increased in 42% of patients, and Cirera et al.3 showed that BT is present in 30.8% of patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis. Our own data has repeatedly supported this proportion. There are several reasons for not considering LPS measurement as a robust tool in detecting BT: the Limulus amebocyte lysate was originally designed to measure LPS in water, and protocols are not specifically directed to quantify LPS in biological samples. Furthermore, LPS levels, which have a short half-life, may be influenced by several factors, such as the concentration of LPS transporters, antibodies, high-density lipoprotein, and numerous other physiological variables, and are hampered by the need for using endotoxin-free systems for sample collection. These drawbacks are reflected in the rate of endotoxin detection in cirrhosis, which ranges widely, from 0%-93% in several studies.2 This is why LBP was proposed as a marker instead. Besides, it is obvious that bacterial DNA detection, but not LPS or LBP measurements, can identify BT from gram-positive cocci, which elicit a similar inflammatory response as BT by gram-negative organisms. We can therefore consider bacterial DNA as the "broadest range" system to detect BT. Thus, although research on LPS in patients with cirrhosis is interesting, relevant, and worth doing, measurements of LPS are far from being a good method for its assessment. In our opinion, measurements of LPS, due to its limitations, are not even a reliable marker of BT. When studying LPS in biological samples, one must be aware that the available method is not designed for this purpose, that different variables may confound the validity of the data obtained, and finally, that LPS measurement cannot detect gram-positive translocation, a fact increasingly observed in the clinical setting. Results based solely on LPS measurement are hampered by these reasons. Paraphrasing Dr. Groszmann, "anything worth doing should be done right". Pablo Bellot M.D.*, Rubén Francés M.D.*, José Such M.D.*, Jaime Bosch M.D., Ph.D.*, * Hepatic Hemodynamics Laboratory, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
Polymorphisms Associated with Asthma Are Inversely Related to Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Judith Schwartzbaum, Anders Ahlbom, Beatrice Malmer, Stefan Lönn, Anthony J. Brookes, Hani Doss, Waldemar Debinski, Roger Henriksson, Maria Feychting
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract A reduced risk of primary malignant adult brain tumors is observed among people reporting asthma, hay fever, and other allergic conditions; however, findings may be attributed to prediagnostic effects of tumors or recall bias. To determine whether asthma and allergic condition polymorphisms are inversely related to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) risk, we conducted a population-based case-control study of 111 GBM patients and 422 controls. We identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms on three genes previously associated with asthma [interleukin (IL)-4RA, IL-13, ADAM33] and one gene associated with inflammation (cyclooxygenase-2). Confirming previous literature, we found that self-reported asthma, eczema, and fever are inversely related to GBM [e.g., asthma odds ratio (OR), 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33-1.25]. In addition, IL-4RA Ser478Pro TC, CC, and IL-4RA Gln551Arg AG, AA are positively associated with GBM (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.05-2.55; 1.61; 95% CI, 1.05-2.47), whereas IL-13 −1,112 CT, TT is negatively associated with GBM (0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.96). Each of these polymorphism-GBM associations is in the opposite direction of a corresponding polymorphism-asthma association, consistent with previous findings that self-reported asthmatics and people with allergic conditions are less likely to have GBM than are people who do not report these conditions. Because we used germ line polymorphisms as biomarkers of susceptibility to asthma and allergic conditions, our results cannot be attributed to recall bias or effects of GBM on the immune system. However, our findings are also consistent with associations between IL-4RA, IL-13, and GBM that are independent of their role in allergic conditions.
Posterior mediastinal mass
Authors: S. A. Hussain
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>Common</h3> Neurogenic neoplasms Arising from peripheral nerves Neurofibroma Neurilemoma or schwannoma (benign or malignant) Arising from sympathetic ganglia Ganglioneuroma (benign) Neuroblastoma } malignant Sympathicoblastoma Arising from paraganglionic cells Pheochromocytoma Paraganglioma } benign or malignant or chemodectoma Parasitic cysts (hydatid) Meningocele (meningomyelocele) Neurenteric (archenteric) cyst Gastroenteric cyst Thoracic duct cyst Primary esophageal lesions Neoplasm Esophageal diverticula Megaesophagus Esophageal hiatus hernia Hernia through the foramen of Bochdalek Diseases of thoracic spine Neoplasms Infectious spondylitis Tuberculous Nontuberculous Extramedullary hematopoiesis Aortic aneurysm <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Tuberculous spondylitis. <h3>Comment</h3> A 45-year-old woman was referred to the Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, in October 1972 for evaluation of an abnormal chest roentgenogram (Fig 1). The film was taken because of vague chest pains. A Casoni test for hydatid disease was negative. Results of a physical examination showed no abnormalities except for some tenderness in the midthoracic spine. There was no deformity of the spine nor of the
Use of computerized tomography (CT) as an early prognostic indicator of response to imatinib mesylate (IM) in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST)
Authors: C. H. Holdsworth, J. Manola, R. D. Badawi, D. A. Israel, C. Blanke, M. Von Mehren, H. T. Joensuu, S. Dimitrijevic, G. D. Demetri, A. D. Van Den Abbeele
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3011
Myeloablative chemotherapy for recurrent aggressive oligodendroglioma
Authors: Gregory Cairncross, Lode Swinnen, Robert Bayer, Steven Rosenfeld, Donna Salzman, Nina Paleologos, Lynn Kaminer, Peter Forsyth, Douglas Stewart, Kendra Peterson, Wendy Hu, David MacDonald, David Ramsay, Anne Smith
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2000)

The objective of this study was to ascertain the duration of tumor control and the toxicities of dose-intense myeloablative chemotherapy for patients with recurrent oligodendrogliomas.Patients with previously irradiated oligodendrogliomas, either pure or mixed, that were contrast enhancing, measurable, and behaving aggressively at recurrence were eligible for this study.Only complete responders or major partial responders (75% reduction in tumor size) to induction chemotherapy-either intensivedose procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine or cisplatin plus etoposide-could receive high-dose thiotepa (300 mg/m 2 /day for 3 days) followed by hematopoietic reconstitution using either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells.Thirty-eight patients began induction chemotherapy and 20 (10 men, 10 women; median age 46 years; median Karnofsky score 80) received high-dose thiotepa.For the high-dose group, the median event-free, progression-free, and overall survival times from recurrence were 17, 20, and 49 months, respectively.Tumor control in excess of 2 years was observed in 6 patients (30%).Four patients (20%) are alive and tumor free 27 to 77 months (median, 42 months) from the start of induction therapy; however, fatal treatment-related toxicities also occurred in 4 patients (20%).Three patients died as a result of a progressive encephalopathy which, in 2 instances, was accompanied by a wasting syndrome; 1 patient died as a consequence of an intracerebral (intratumoral) hemorrhage.Fatal toxicities occurred in patients with pretreatment Karnofsky scores of 60 or 70.High-dose thiotepa to consolidate response was a disappointing treatment strategy for patients with recurrent aggressive oligodendroglial neoplasms, although several patients had durable responses.Moreover, as prescribed, high-dose thiotepa had signi cant toxic effects in previously irradiated patients, especially those with poorer performance status.
APOPLEXY.
Authors: T. B. GREENLEY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

On account of some peculiarities in the way of symptoms, I report a case of apoplexy. A female, aged 81, was stricken Sept. 10, 1902, with all the symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage. She was unconscious and paralyzed, which condition continued nearly twenty-four hours, when consciousness returned. In a short time she could move her left foot, and we soon discovered that she had hemiplegia of the right side. In a short time she could use her left extremities, so that she could feed herself, lying on her right side. She remained in bed about two months, when we allowed her to sit up a few hours at a time in the morning and afternoon. In three months she was able to walk with a little assistance. She now ate her meals at the table, and sat up nearly all day. Her appetite and digestion were nearly as good as before she was taken sick.
12th Meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals: Susceptibility to Environmental Hazards
Authors: J. Carl Barrett, Harri Vainio, David Peakall, Bernard D. Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The 12th meeting of the Scientific Group on Methodologies for the Safety Evaluation of Chemicals (SGOMSEC) considered the topic of methodologies for determining human and ecosystem susceptibility to environmental hazards.The report prepared at the meeting describes measurement of susceptibility through the use of biological markers of exposure, biological markers of effect, and biomarkers directly indicative of susceptibility of humans or of ecosystems.The utility and validity of these biological markers for the study of susceptibility are evaluated, as are opportunities for developing newer approaches for the study of humans or of ecosystems.For the first time a SGOMSEC workshop also formally considered the issue of ethics in relation to methodology, an issue of particular concern for studies of susceptibility.
Rapid Akt activation by nicotine and a tobacco carcinogen modulates the phenotype of normal human airway epithelial cells
Authors: Kip A. West, John Brognard, Amy S. Clark, Ilona R. Linnoila, Xiaowei Yang, Sandra M. Swain, Curtis Harris, Steven Belinsky, Phillip A. Dennis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Tobacco-related diseases such as lung cancer cause over 4.2 million deaths annually, with approximately 400,000 deaths per year occurring in the US. Genotoxic effects of tobacco components have been described, but effects on signaling pathways in normal cells have not been described. Here, we show activation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt in nonimmortalized human airway epithelial cells in vitro by two components of cigarette smoke, nicotine and the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Activation of Akt by nicotine or NNK occurred within minutes at concentrations achievable by smokers and depended upon α3-/α4-containing or α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, respectively. Activated Akt increased phosphorylation of downstream substrates such as GSK-3, p70S6K, 4EBP-1, and FKHR. Treatment with nicotine or NNK attenuated apoptosis caused by etoposide, ultraviolet irradiation, or hydrogen peroxide and partially induced a transformed phenotype manifest as loss of contact inhibition and loss of dependence on exogenous growth factors or adherence to ECM. In vivo, active Akt was detected in airway epithelial cells and lung tumors from NNK-treated A/J mice, and in human lung cancers derived from smokers. Redundant Akt activation by nicotine and NNK could contribute to tobacco-related carcinogenesis by regulating two processes critical for tumorigenesis, cell growth and apoptosis.
Lesions of the pitching arm in adolescents
Authors: H. S. Tullos
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This communication focuses on lesions of the throwing arm in adolescents which occur during participation in organized youth baseball. While it is apparent that multiple injuries may be possible in this sport, this communication centers on those lesions unique to the act of throwing—those lesions which occur as a direct result of prolonged and repetitious delivery of a baseball. Insight into these lesions may be gained by an understanding of the basic act of pitching. This is best demonstrated in the professional pitcher. <h3>The Pitching Act</h3> The professional pitcher in the act of pitching demonstrates several distinct phases. First, there is the windup; then the arm is cocked; the arm and shoulder are accelerated and the ball is released; and finally, there is the follow-through (Fig 1). <h3>The Cocking Phase.—</h3> To further clarify the process, we arbitrarily divided the pitching act into three phases. In the initial phase, the arm
Venous Thromboprophylaxis in Uk Medical Inpatients
Authors: S T Rashid, M R Thursz, N A Razvi, R Voller, T Orchard, S T Rashid, A A Shlebak
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

We prospectively assessed the implementation of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis guidelines and the impact of grand round presentation of the data in changing clinical practice. Two NHS teaching hospitals were studied for 24 months from January 2003. Patients were risk stratified according to the THRIFT (thromboembolic risk factor) consensus group guidelines and compared with the recommendations of the THRIFT and ACCP (American College of Chest Physicians) consensus groups. Six months following presentation of the initial results, a further analysis was made to assess changes in clinical practice. 1128 patients were assessed of whom 1062 satisfied the inclusion criteria for thromboprophylaxis. 89% of all patients were stratified as having high or moderate risk of developing VTE. Of these only 28% were prescribed some form of thromboprophylaxis–-4% received the THRIFT-recommended and 22% received the ACCP-recommended thromboprophylaxis. The vast majority (72%) received no thromboprophylaxis at all. Reassessment, following data presentation at grand rounds, showed a significant increase to 31% in patients receiving THRIFT (P&lt;0.0001) and ACCP (P=0.002) recommended thromboprophylaxis. However, the proportion of patients receiving no form of prophylaxis barely changed (72% to 69%: P=0.59). We found a gross underutilization of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized medical patients. A simple grand-round presentation of the data and recommended guidelines to clinicians significantly increased the proportion of patients receiving recommended thromboprophylaxis but did not increase the overall proportion of patients receiving it. We therefore conclude that a single presentation of guidelines is not enough to achieve the desired levels. Such presentations may only serve to make DVT (deep venous thromboembolism) aware clinicians prescribe prophylaxis more accurately.
Medical interviewing and interpersonal skills teaching in US medical schools. Progress, problems, and promise
Authors: D. H. Novack
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess educational practices, problems, and needs in the teaching of medical interviewing and interpersonal skills. <h3>Design.</h3> —Questionnaires sent to curricular deans and introductory course leaders at all US medical schools in 1991. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 130 programs, 114 deans (88%) and 92 course directors (71%) responded. Respondents indicated some advances since a similar survey in 1977: Virtually all medical schools now offer teaching in medical interviewing and interpersonal skills. More faculty from a greater variety of disciplines are involved in this teaching. Most programs feature observation and feedback of students' interviews with patients, and use a variety of effective teaching methods, including simulated patients and role-playing, both little used in 1977. The majority of schools address students' personal growth through discussion or support groups. However, there are problems. Most schools lack a faculty development process. About half of the introductory courses on medical interviewing take place within physical diagnosis courses, often, it appears, without systematic observation, feedback, and evaluation of student skills. Many programs do not explicitly incorporate certain educational principles into their course designs. As in 1977, there appears to be little coordination or sequencing of teaching interpersonal skills throughout the curriculum in most medical schools. Most deans identified significant barriers to improving teaching. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —While a number of educational advances have occurred there is still great variation in the quality and intensity of courses offered in US medical schools. However, the pace of progress bodes well for the future. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2101-2105)