tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High Altitude Illness-Reply
Authors: Charles S. Houston
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Younes' question is often asked. Although it is true there are changes in size or shape of the body during decompression, these are very small because liquids (about 95% of the body) are almost incompressible. What changes do occur are caused by expanding gases; intestinal gases and those dissolved in blood or interstitial fluid expand but are rapidly eliminated, while those trapped in nasal sinuses, the inner ear, or beneath dental fillings may cause trouble. When surfacing, deep-sea divers may be decompressed from 10 atm (or more) to 1 atm; microemboli of nitrogen appear if decompression is too rapid, causing "bends." These may occur in aviators who are decompressed very rapidly from 1 to 0.5 or 0.33 atm, but such bubbles probably don't form during the slower ascents of mountaineers. Since ambient pressure is exerted both within and without all tissues, it is unlikely that it plays
Deaths from rhesus haemolytic disease in England and Wales in 1982 and 1983.
Authors: C A Clarke, P L Mollison, A G Whitfield
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Examination of death certificates and the clinical notes of the patients concerned showed that the number of deaths from rhesus (D) haemolytic disease in England and Wales was 44 and 34 during 1982 and 1983, respectively, a substantial decrease from the figure of 106 for 1977. Of the 78 women whose infants died in 1982 and 1983, 49 had not received anti-Rh immunoglobulin after previous pregnancies with Rh positive infants; most of these deaths would presumably have been prevented had postnatal anti-Rh immunoglobulin been given. In 13 women anti-D was detected during, or immediately after, a first pregnancy, and in 15 women rhesus immunisation developed despite administration of anti-Rh immunoglobulin postnatally. One or two apparent failures of treatment may have been due to underdosage, but it must be concluded that about one third of the deaths in 1982 and 1983 could have been prevented only by giving anti-Rh immunoglobulin antenatally as well as postnatally.
Glycyrrhetinic Acid
Authors: P. F. D'Arcy, D. N. Kellett
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Music genre is an essential category for understanding human musical preferences and is provided based on the abstract categorization upon complex auditory stimuli. Previous neuroimaging studies have reported the involvement of the superior temporal gyrus (STG) in response to general music-related features. However, it remains largely unclear how abstract categories of music genre are represented in the brain and what acoustic features are more suited for explaining such representations. Here we examined comprehensive cortical representations and functional organization of music genres using 540 music clips. We applied a voxel-wise modeling approach to music-evoked brain activity measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We observed distinct cortical organizations for different music genres in the bilateral STG, which revealed the representational relationship between various music genres, e.g., classical and hip-hop music showed opposite representations. Representations of music genres were largely explained by spectro-temporal modulation, which was modeled by a biologically plausible spectro-temporal modulation-transfer function (MTF) model. Our results elucidate the quantitative representation of music genres in the human cortex and indicate the possibility of modeling our abstract categorization of complex auditory stimuli based on the brain activity. <h3>Significance statement</h3> Music genre is an essential category for understanding human preferences of music. However, it is largely unknown how abstract categories of music genre are represented in the brain. Here, we examined comprehensive cortical representations of music genres by building voxel-wise models of fMRI data collected while human subjects listened to 540 music clips. We found distinct cortical organizations for various music genres in the bilateral STG. Such genre-specific cortical organization was explained by the biologically plausible MTF model. The current study elucidates the quantitative representation of music genres in the human cortex for the first time and indicates the possibility of modeling our abstract categorization of complex auditory stimuli based on the brain activity.
Viral hepatitis and liver transplantatation
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

The etiologies and outcomes of acute liver failure (ALF) in HIV + pts are largely unknown.In addition, the long term outcomes of HIV + pts with ALF undergoing transplantation have not been described.The aim of this study is to describe the presenting features, risk factors, and outcomes of adult HIV + pts with ALF enrolled in the ALFSG.METHODS: Clinical outcomes at 3 weeks of consecutive adult ALF HIV + pts enrolled between 1998 and January 2013 were reviewed and a subgroup returned for a study visit at 1 or 2 years after enrollment.RESULTS: Thirty three of the 2264 ALF pts (1.3%) were HIV +, enrolled at 16 sites.Etiologies of ALF included DILI in 11 (33%), acetaminophen (APAP) overdose in 9 (27%), and the remaining 13 (39%) were due to HBV (4), AIH (4), indeterminate (3), HAV (1), and ischemia (1).The age, gender, and racial distribution of our cohort was similar to that of HIV+ pts in the general US population (2010 CDC HIV Surveillance Report).Twenty two (67%) were male and their mean age was 39.3 +/-12.8yrs; 18 (54%) were Caucasian, 13 (39%) African-American, and 2 (6%) were of other ethnicities.Seven (21%) had HBV co-infection, 2 (6 %) had HCV co-infection, 6 % reported a recent history of alcohol abuse.None had a recent history of IDU; 19/33 (57%) were receiving an antiretroviral agent at study enrollment.RUCAM scores were performed on 14 suspect drugs in the 11 DILI cases that were categorized into: highly probable (1), probable (5), possible (4), and unlikely (4).Implicated agents in the DILI cases included 7 combination antiretroviral agents given for 5-30 days, 2 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole cases, and 5 due to other drugs including voriconazole (1), sulfadiazine (2), duloxetine (1), and clarithromycin (1).Twenty four (73%) were alive at 3 weeks including 6 (18%) who had undergone transplantation (2 APAP, 1 DILI, 1 AIH, 1 HBV, 1 HAV).Six of 9 pts that died at 3 weeks were due to DILI.The APAP pts had a 3-week spontaneous survival rate of 78% compared to only 36% in the DILI group.Nine pts were seen at a mean of 26 months after enrollment which included 5 LT recipients (1 APAP, 1 DILI, 3 Other)and 4 spontaneous survivors (2 APAP, 1 DILI, 1 Other).At follow-up, 7 (78%) had normal liver biochemistries and none of the LT recipients had experienced rejection or alloimmune hepatitis.CONCLUSIONS: DILI is over-represented in HIV+ ALF patients in comparison to the overall ALFSG cohort (33% vs 10%), but is not limited to anti-retrovirals.The small number of ALF HIV + LT recipients have generally done well, indicating that LT can be offered to selected HIV+ ALF patients.
Surgery, AIDS, and Hepatitis B-Reply
Authors: Adelisa L. Panlilio
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Boscia that immunization against hepatitis B virus is the best means of protecting surgical personnel from this particular blood-borne pathogen.<sup>1</sup>To protect against infection with other blood-borne pathogens, these personnel must also adopt measures to reduce blood contact, such as changes in surgical technique, personal protective equipment, and possibly surgical instruments. We agree with Dr Peterson that multiple factors probably affect the risk of transmission of a blood-borne pathogen through percutaneous injury, and that further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of various protective measures on health care worker safety and patient care. In our study, the frequency of percutaneous injury was highest for surgeons on the gynecology service; however, only 10 injuries were observed in this pilot study. Additional studies are needed to analyze the circumstances of blood contacts, including percutaneous injuries, and to devise and evaluate specific preventive measures. In
Geriatric Cardiology
Authors: Raymond Harris
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The aging human heart is a remarkable organ. Despite its decreased power, decreased ability to contract, slow rate of recovery, diminished cardiac reserve, and other changes, the older human heart functions adequately so long as it can rest sufficiently between beats and is not overwhelmed by disease. By the age of 100 years, a goal obtainable by increasing numbers of people, the heart has beat more than 3.6 billion times and pumped more than 288 billion mL of blood. No wonder physicians are becoming interested in the cardiovascular problems of older people. Books like this one help them find out how they can better treat their elderly patients. <i>Geriatric Cardiology</i>, a new addition to the too slim medical literature on this subject, summarizes recent data in the field and interprets them in terms of an overall practical clinical approach in which therapy is individualized and physicians are encouraged to look
Thrombosis of the renal veins and vena cava. Occurrence in morbid obesity
Authors: F. C. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Renal vein thrombosis caused the nephrotic syndrome in a patient with morbid obesity. Pulmonary embolism occurred initially, but not after anticoagulants were administered. Surviving for three years, the patient died of profound uremia and hyperosmolar coma. At autopsy, membranous glomerular changes were found. Conclusive exclusion of renal vein thrombosis in the morbidly obese patient with nephrotic syndrome appears advisable. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1158-1160, 1975)
Operations For Duodenal Ulcer Disease
Authors: P. Jordan
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1989)

Operative treatment of duodenal ulcer has been restricted to the small proportion of ulcer patients who have complications of ulcers or to those patients who do not respond to medical treatment. The principal surgical procedures that have been used include different types of gastric drainage, gastric resection, gastric denervation, or various combinations of these principles. Initially, the primary objective of ulcer surgery was to prevent recurrent ulcer. Currently, the objectives of operation are to cure an ulcer without a recurrent ulcer or any undesirable sequelae developing as a result of altered gastric physiology. Perhaps no operation will satisfy each of these conditions for every patient. Parietal cell vagotomy without a drainage procedure, the latest contribution to ulcer surgery, has been intensively studied for 19 years. The operative mortality of 0.26%, the recurrence rate of 4 to 11%, and virtually no significant side effects have caused the operation to become the procedure of choice for an increasingly large number of gastric surgeons.
In vivo microscopy of hepatic metastases: Dynamic observation of tumor cell invasion and interaction with kupffer cells
Authors: Z KAN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In vivo microscopy was used in the study of the biological behavior of tumor cells and of the activity of Kupffer cells in hepatic tumors in situ. Three tumor models, Friend erythroleukemia inoculated into Dilute Brown Aguti (DBA)/2 mice, murine colon adenocarcinoma (CT)-26 in Bagg Albino inbred albino (BALB)/c mice, and mammary cancer 13762 NF in Fischer rats, were investigated. Tumor cells showed a strong tendency to adhere to the sinusoidal endothelium, most frequently in the sinusoids near the tumors. Mechanical trapping of tumor cells in the narrow portion of hepatic sinusoids, a phenomenon suggested by previous investigators as a predominant pattern for tumor cells to arrest in the liver, was not confirmed. Our study documented that in tumor-bearing livers, as compared with normal control livers, the population size and the phagocytic capacity of Kupffer cells are increased in nontumorous areas but are significantly decreased inside the tumors. In vivo microscopic images showed that Kupffer cells are not only attracted to tumor cells in the hepatic circulation but also have the ability to phagocytose those tumor cells. In vivo microscopy has been shown to be a useful tool for dynamic studies in tumor biology, pathology, and pharmacology. (HEPATOLOGY 1995;21:487–494.)
SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3019: Dynamic kinome profiling of EGFRvIII-driven murine astrocyte models of glioblastoma reveals targets for dual kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Erin Smithberger, Abigail K. Shelton, Madison K. Butler, Alex R. Flores, Ryan E. Bash, Steven P. Angus, Noah Sciaky, Harshil D. Dhruv, Gary L. Johnson, Michael E. Berens, Frank B. Furnari, C. Ryan Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with few effective treatments. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is frequently amplified and mutated in GBM, leading to trials of several EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but none have proven successful. One potential reason for failure is acquired resistance, particularly acute, adaptive responses in the kinome. To study this adaptive resistance mechanism, we used RNA-seq and multiplex inhibitor bead/mass spectrometry (MIB-MS) to analyze transcriptomes and kinomes of genetically-engineered murine astrocytes with genotypes commonly seen in human GBM. We previously showed that 38% (86 of 228) of the expressed kinome varied among a panel of genetically diverse murine astrocytes harboring Cdkn2a deletion (C) plus Pten deletion (CP), wild-type human EGFR (CE) or EGFRvIII (CEv3) overexpression, or both overexpressed EGFRvIII and Pten deletion (CEv3P). Pairwise genotype comparisons revealed multiple differentially activated kinases, including Pdgfrb, Fgfr2, Lyn, Ddr1, and several Ephrin family members. We further investigated these potential targets for dual therapy with EGFR TKI by examining the transcriptional response of cultured astrocytes at 4, 24, and 48 hours after 3 μM afatinib. Afatinib induced no kinome changes in C and only 3 kinases (Fn3k, Prkg2, and Syk) were altered in CP astrocytes. Despite similar baseline gene expression profiles, CE astrocytes overexpressing wild-type EGFR responded significantly differently than C astrocytes without. Five kinases (Dclk1, Epha3, Epha7, Fgfr3, and Prkg1) were induced, while 14 were repressed. Six were similarly repressed in CEv3 (Bub1, Nek2, Pask, Plk4, Prkcb, and Vrk1). Whereas the kinase transcriptome response was blunted in C, CP, and CE astrocytes, afatinib induced altered expression of significantly more kinases in CEv3 (82) and CEv3P cells (49). One particularly attractive target in CEv3 astrocytes was Epha4, which afatinib induced &amp;gt;40-fold. Dual inhibition of EGFRvIII and Epha4 kinases may thus provide an opportunity for more effective targeted therapy. Citation Format: Erin Smithberger, Abigail K. Shelton, Madison K. Butler, Alex R. Flores, Ryan E. Bash, Steven P. Angus, Noah Sciaky, Harshil D. Dhruv, Gary L. Johnson, Michael E. Berens, Frank B. Furnari, C. Ryan Miller. Dynamic kinome profiling of EGFRvIII-driven murine astrocyte models of glioblastoma reveals targets for dual kinase inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3019.
PARASITE AND HOST.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Strong, sustained hepatocellular proliferation precedes hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B surface antigen transgenic mice*1, *2
Authors: S HUANG
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Hepatocyte turnover rates were studied in two lineages of transgenic mice that overproduce the hepatitis B virus (HBV) large envelope protein and retain filamentous hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in the formation of ground glass hepatocytes. The high producer lineage (50-4) develops a necroinflammatory liver disease that progresses to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), whereas the low producer lineage (107-5) displays no histopathologic changes other than ground glass hepatocytes. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labeling studies of S-phase hepatocytes provide quantitative evidence for a strong, sustained proliferative response in the hepatocytes in lineage 50-4 that occurs after the onset of hepatocellular injury but long before the development of liver cell tumors. In contrast, the level of hepatocellular proliferation in lineage 107-5 is the same as nontransgenic controls. The findings support the concept that sustained hepatocellular proliferation plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Hypertension Article
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiology
Authors: Ronald G. Evens
Journal: JAMA (1994)

There has been a dramatic reduction in the time required for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients. Conventional MRI studies require approximately 15 minutes per anatomic or technical sequence. Accordingly, if the radiologist needs more than one imaging plane, ie, frontal and lateral, or differing analyses of the MRI data, ie, T<sub>1</sub>- or T<sub>2</sub>-weighted images, the time required for imaging of a patient may be 1 hour or more. Several new technological approaches could reduce the imaging time to 15 minutes. If these are successful, MRI should become more available and less expensive. As an example, several manufacturers have "fast imaging techniques," eg, fast spin-echo,<sup>1</sup>that reduce imaging time by a factor of at least 10 over standard sequences. There are likely to be additional improvements that will reduce the time for imaging (even with high resolution) even further. The most promising technique being investigated is
MOLECULAR PROFILING OF PRIMARY BONE LYMPHOMAʼS REVEALS FREQUENT MUTATIONS IN EZH2 AND OTHER EPIGENETIC GENES: IMPLICATIONS FOR TARGETED TREATMENT
Authors: Suleiman M. Ibramoglu, R. A. de Groen, R. van Eijk, T. van Wezel, R. Raghoo, E. R. de Winter, A. M. Schrader, P. M. Jansen, Briaire-de I. Bruijn, K. Kleiverda, L. Vlasveld, W. F. Posthuma, A. van den Berg, A. Diepstra, P. J. Lugtenburg, J. V. Bovée, A. H. Cleven, J. S. Vermaat
Journal: HemaSphere (2019)
RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal