tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leads from the MMWR. Status of the 1990 objectives on misuse of alcohol and drugs
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Retreatment of HCV with ABT-450/r–Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir with Ribavirin
Authors: Stefan Zeuzem, Ira M. Jacobson, Tolga Baykal, Rui T. Marinho, Fred Poordad, Marc Bourlière, Mark S. Sulkowski, Heiner Wedemeyer, Edward Tam, Paul Desmond, Donald M. Jensen, Adrian M. Di Bisceglie, Peter Varunok, Tarek Hassanein, Junyuan Xiong, Tami Pilot-Matias, Barbara DaSilva-Tillmann, Lois Larsen, Thomas Podsadecki, Barry Bernstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

In this phase 3 trial we evaluated the efficacy and safety of the interferon-free combination of ABT-450 with ritonavir (ABT-450/r), ombitasvir (also known as ABT-267), dasabuvir (also known as ABT-333), and ribavirin for the retreatment of HCV in patients who were previously treated with peginterferon-ribavirin.We enrolled patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and no cirrhosis who had previously been treated with peginterferon-ribavirin and had a relapse, a partial response, or a null response. Patients were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive coformulated ABT-450/r-ombitasvir (at a once-daily dose of 150 mg of ABT-450, 100 mg of ritonavir, and 25 mg of ombitasvir) and dasabuvir (250 mg twice daily) with ribavirin (1000 or 1200 mg daily) or matching placebos during the 12-week double-blind period. The primary end point was the rate of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of study treatment. The primary efficacy analysis compared this rate among patients assigned to the active regimen with a historical response rate (65%) among previously treated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and no cirrhosis who had received retreatment with telaprevir and peginterferon-ribavirin.A total of 394 patients received at least one study-drug dose. In the active-regimen group, 286 of 297 patients had a sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12, for an overall rate of 96.3% (95% confidence interval, 94.2 to 98.4). This rate was noninferior and superior to the historical control rate. Rates were 95.3% among patients with a prior relapse (82 of 86 patients), 100% among patients with a prior partial response (65 of 65 patients), and 95.2% among patients with a prior null response (139 of 146 patients). Pruritus occurred more frequently with the active regimen (in 13.8% of patients) than with placebo (5.2%, P=0.03). Three patients in the active-regimen group (1.0%) discontinued the study drugs owing to adverse events. Hemoglobin values of grade 2 (8.0 to <10.0 g per deciliter) and grade 3 (6.5 to <8.0 g per deciliter) occurred in 4.7% and 0.3% of patients in the active-regimen group, respectively.Rates of response to a 12-week interferon-free combination regimen were more than 95% among previously treated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection, including patients with a prior null response. (Funded by AbbVie; SAPPHIRE-II ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01715415.).
Antibiotics and gram-negative bacteremia
Authors: J. T. Curti
Journal: JAMA (1975)

AN ARTICLE appeared in the March 4 issue ofThe Journalpurporting to link the alleged overprescribing of antibiotics with "new and major hazards" to public health.<sup>1</sup>The misuse and overuse of antibiotics, the article claimed, has resulted in recent dramatic increases in the incidence and mortality of Gram-negative bacteremia. The authors cite an estimate of "as many as 300,000 episodes and more than 100,000 fatalities from Gram-negative bacteremia"<sup>2</sup>annually. The authors also quote from an editorial in<i>The Journal of Infectious Diseases</i>attributing "a minimum of 50,000 deaths" to Gram-negative bacteremia,<sup>3</sup>and suggest that the United States is presently in the throes of a "full-blown national epidemic." The implication that antibiotics are the sole factor in the rising incidence of Gram-negative bacteremia and death is hardly credible in the light of the many complex variables involved in the etiology and treatment of Gram-negative infections. This article
Compensatory cholangiocyte proliferation in rats with 70% partial hepatectomy is associated with increased ductal secretion Dept of Medicine, Scott and White and Texas A&amp;M University COM, Temple, TX 76504
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The oral administration of thioacetamide to rats induces cholangiofibrosis characterized by hyperplasia of ductules surrounded by fibrous tissue. In the present study, we examined the expression of markers of cholangiocyte and hepatocyte phenotypes in these hyperplastic ductule cells and their proliferative activity immunohistochemically. The oral administration of thioacetamide to 21-day-old male Fisher 344 rats for 12 weeks induced multiple areas of various sizes with hyperplastic ductules. The ductules consisted of two types of ductules; ductules composed of cholangiocyte-like cuboidal cells with transparent nuclei and cytoplasm, and of intestinal epithelium-like (IE-like) cells of basophilic nuclei and cytoplasm, and the transition of these two types of cells in the same ductule was sometimes observed. The cholangiocyte-like cells expressed cytokeratin (CK)-7, CK-19 and OV-6 (cholangiocyte phenotype markers) but not Hep Par-1 antigen or HNF4α (hepatocyte phenotype markers). In contrast, the IE-like cells expressed Hep Par-1 antigen and HNF4α but not CK-7, CK-19 or OV-6. The examination of Ki-67 expression showed a much higher proliferative activity for the IE-like cells compared to the cholangiocyte-like cells. The present results show that the hyperplastic ductules induced by thioacetamide are composed of IE-like cells with a high proliferative activity expressing the hepatocyte phenotype markers and of cholangiocyte-like cells with a low proliferative activity expressing the cholangiocyte phenotype markers.
The effect of trauma and confinement on functional health and mental health status of Cambodians living in Thailand-Cambodia border camps
Authors: R. F. Mollica
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the long-term impact of trauma and confinement on the functional health and mental health status of Cambodian displaced persons living on the Thailand-Cambodia border. <h3>Design.</h3> —Household survey of 993 adults randomly selected from household rosters. Household sample selection by multistage area probability sample. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Site 2, the largest Cambodian displaced-persons camp on the Thailand-Cambodia border. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Adults 18 years of age and older selected at random within households; 98% of eligible persons selected agreed to participate. <h3>Results.</h3> —From 1975 through 1979 (Khmer Rouge regime), more than 85% reported lack of food, water, shelter, and medical care, brainwashing, and forced labor; 54% reported murder of a family member or friend; 36% reported torture; 18% reported head injury; and 17% reported rape or sexual abuse. During the refugee period between 1980 and 1990, 56% reported lack of food or water, 44% reported lack of shelter, 28% reported lack of medical care, 24% reported brainwashing, and 8% reported torture. Since 1980, reports of murder of a family member, head injury, and rape/sexual abuse have decreased to 5%. Reports of experiencing combat situations and shelling attacks have remained consistent between the two time periods, approximately 44% and 30%, respectively. From 1989 to 1990, 25% reported experiencing lack of food or water, and 5% to 10% reported serious injury, combat, and shelling conditions. More than 80% said they were in fair or poor health, felt depressed, and had a number of somatic complaints despite good access to medical services. Fifty-five percent and 15% had symptom scores that correlate with Western criteria for depression and posttraumatic stress disorder, respectively. Fifteen percent to 20% reported health impairments limiting activity, and moderate or severe bodily pain. Despite reported high levels of trauma and symptoms, social and work functioning were well preserved in the majority of respondents. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Reports of extensive trauma, poor health status, and depressive symptoms of this population are of concern in predicting future morbidity and mortality. The health and mental health needs of Cambodian displaced persons and their impact on social and economic behavior should be addressed now that the Cambodians have been repatriated. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:581-586)
Academic sanction
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Mr Susser of CHISA is uncertain if I oppose any form of academic sanction. I am in favor of academic sanction that reflects the criteria outlined in the article, including a careful judgment of the full consequences and a clear statement of the reason, nature, exceptions, and expected duration, with specifics for rescinding the sanction, salted with a measure of humility for transcultural barriers and unconditional acceptance of ongoing negotiations. This is very different from passing a resolution during an ill-attended business meeting of a scientific association. As far as the World Medical Association's announced policy with regard to academic sanction, it seems more enlightened than that of many others. That it admits the Medical Association of South Africa is another matter. Rather than seeking an evil motive in a partially good action, a policy against indiscriminate academic sanction, I think those physicians who are so vocal
OFFICIALS OF THE ASSOCIATION
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Proposition 187 is difficult to gauge
Authors: R. Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1995)

FOR Lisa Baumeister, MD, a residency in family practice at San Francisco General Hospital was a natural choice. "The mission statement of the program centered on caring for underserved urban populations," says Baumeister, now in her second year of residency in the hospital's Family Health Center. "I wanted to be in a place that valued immigrant health care and health care for low-income people." In fact, says Baumeister, who is of Mexican descent, advocating for Latinos who often cannot obtain the health care they need was a major motivating force in her decision to enter medicine. "I was raised in Sacramento [Calif], where there is a large Latino community. I developed a deep respect for how the people in the community come together to help themselves and to help build up their community." But since last fall's elections, Baumeister feels some of her goals could be in jeopardy. Voters who
416P Typical morphological features revealed unfavorable survival benefits in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas
Authors: H-R. Zhai, J-T. Zhang, L-X. Yan, C. Zhang, J. Su, S. Dong, Q. Nie, R-Q. Liao, B-Y. Jiang, X-N. Yang, Y-L. Wu, W-Z. Zhong
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
The Effect of Dental Radiographs on Facial Skin
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dose equivalence of drugs for asthma.
Authors: R W Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1993)

which suggests that these tumours may be difficult to palpate.We were alarmed at the proportion of cases of pyloric stenosis in Macdessi and Oates's study in which clinical diagnosis was preceded by imaging (31% during 1988-91).Surely the practice in most paediatric units is to emphasise to students and juniors that pyloric stenosis should be diagnosed clinically, with imaging being reserved for difficult diagnoses.The number of barium examinations performed was just as alarming, and we question why these were performed.In our study no barium examinations were required to make the diagnosis.Finally, ultrasound imaging should be performed at the cotside immediately after the abdominal examination.Our policy is to perform both these assessments together to make a rapid diagnosis in the presence of the parents and hence alleviate parental anxieties.Over the years we have found that our juniors' ability to palpate pyloric tumours has improved as they are disappointed if the ultrasound scan proves them wrong.
PTU-151 Small bowel ultrasound: diagnostic yield in established small bowel Crohn's disease
Authors: D S Pearl, A Higginson, A Quine
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Crohn9s disease is an intestinal inflammatory disorder which frequently involves the small intestine. Accurate localisation of disease is important to direct targeted therapy. Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) has revolutionised clinical assessment of small intestinal Crohn9s disease. Small bowel ultrasound (SB USS) is a rapid, inexpensive, interactive and non-invasive alternative method for assessing small bowel Crohn9s disease, which is in routine use only at selected UK institutions. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of SB USS in VCE determined Crohn9s disease. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective assessment of patients who had undergone VCE in 2008–2010 was carried out. Patients investigated for suspected small bowel Crohn9s disease, or who had findings of small bowel Crohn9s on VCE were included, if they had also had a SB USS within 12 months. VCE findings were graded as mild (aphthous ulcers only), moderate (aphthous ulcers with mucosal distortion) or severe (aphthous ulcers with mucosal distortion and strictures/stenosis). SB USS was graded positive or negative for small bowel Crohn9s disease. Both assessments were single operator. Either investigation could predate the other. Results were expressed as sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV) of SB USS compared with VCE for detection of small bowel Crohn9s. Sub-analysis of SB USS findings for VCE-defined severity of small bowel Crohn9s disease was carried out. <h3>Results</h3> 196 VCE procedures were reviewed, of which 22 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 10 patients had SB Crohn9s on VCE; this was detected in four patients by SB USS (sensitivity 40%). 12 patients had no evidence of SB Crohn9s on VCE; none of these had SB USS findings of Crohn9s disease (specificity 100%). Of 18 patients with no evidence of SB Crohn9s on SB USS, VCE findings of Crohn9s disease were apparent in 6 patients (negative predictive value 67%); however, all patients with positive findings of Crohn9s disease on SB USS had evidence of SB Crohn9s on VCE (positive predictive value 100%). Sub-analysis for severity of inflammation on VCE was carried out. Of four patients with positive findings at SB USS, 3 were severe and one moderate on VCE. One patient with severe Crohn9s on VCE was missed by SB USS; however, the patient9s body habitus was unfavourable. <h3>Conclusion</h3> SB USS has excellent positive predictive value (100%) and specificity (100%) for detection of SB Crohn9s disease, with only moderate negative predictive value (67%). In addition, all detected cases were moderate or severe, which may complicate VCE. It therefore seems a safe, quick, relatively cheap initial investigation in expert hands, which may obviate more costly, invasive investigations. A prospective evaluation of these diagnostic modalities should be carried out. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Violence hits public health: Surgeon General
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Murder child abuse, rape, assault, even torture— violence seems to be an integral part of American society. Yet, says Surgeon General C. Everett Koop, MD, "the values passed down to us through the years have consistently been the values of a people devoted to peace and the veneration of life." Still, Koop notes that, despite this being a nation where most citizens seem to want to live in peace, each year some 4 million Americans become the victims of violence. Thus, in the Public Health Service Surgeon General's view, violence indeed has become a public health issue, not solely the province of the police, the courts, and the penal system. This is a relatively new idea (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1985-254:721-730,881-892), and clearly Koop is not going to let it languish. Recently he held a workshop on violence and public health attended by over 150 health professionals and law enforcement experts.
Re-importation of pharmaceuticals may be unsafe: Lessons learned from the RADAR assessment of erythropoietin (EPO)-associated pure red cell aplasia (PRCA)
Authors: C. L. Bennett, S. Luminari, A. R. Nissenson, S. A. Klinge, N. McWilliams, J. McKoy, D. W. Raisch, B. Kim, N. Casadevall, M. S. Tallman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2512 Background: Recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) has been a breakthrough in cancer- and renal insufficiency-associated anemia since 1988. Antibody-mediated PRCA is a rare, serious toxicity characterized by severe anemia and neutralizing antibodies to EPO. Methods: The Research on Adverse Drug events And Reports (RADAR) project reviewed all suspected (n=448) and antibody-confirmed cases of PRCA reported worldwide from 1988 to Oct 2003. Results: Among 208 confirmed cases, median age was 66 (range, 14–86), male to female ratio was 2.4:1, median time from EPO initiation to PRCA suspicion was 9.4 months, and reports varied according to geography [Europe (58%), Asia (19%), Canada (13%), Australia (7%), and USA (3%)]; type of EPO used (EPO alpha alone, 81% and EPO alpha plus EPO beta, 16%); administration route (subcutaneous 97%); and year {incidence: pre-1998, 3 cases per million patient-years (MPY) and post-1998 [Australia (64 MPY), France (48 MPY), England (57 MPY), Canada (46 MPY), Spain (37 MPY), Italy (8 MPY), and Germany (7 MPY)]. 97% of cases were associated with Eprex brands. Reporting according to 4 milestones was evaluated: FDA approval in 1988 to Human Serum Albumin (HSA) removal from Eprex in Europe and Canada (1998; T1); from HSA removal to the first warning about PRCA from its manufacturer in 2001 (T2); to the second sponsor warning recommending a change from SC to IV administration in 2002 (T3), to the packet insert for Eprex brands of EPO contraindicating SC use for renal patients (T4), to Oct 2003 (T5), with variations according to country. In the more recent time periods, Canada had the highest incidence. Conclusions: EPO-associated PRCA remains an international concern, especially in Canada. Re-importation of Eprex products from Canada may allow for this severe complication to occur in the U.S. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The Modern Materia Medica.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal