tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of different bile salts on steady-state mRNA levels and transcriptional activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase
Authors: W Pandak
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the bile acid synthesis pathway, is downregulated by taurocholate by way of negative feedback control at the level of gene transcription. The molecular basis of regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase by other hydrophobic bile salts and under more physiological conditions is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular basis of regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase by several naturally occurring bile salts in rats with intact enterohepatic circulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pair-fed for 14 days normal chow (control), cholestyramine (5% of diet), cholic acid (1%), chenodeoxycholic acid (1%) or deoxycholic acid (0.25%). When rats were killed, livers were harvested and HMG–CoA reductase specific activity and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase specific activities, steady-state mRNA levels and transcriptional activity were determined Nuovo Cimento with those of control rats fed normal chow. Compared with results in paired controls, cholestyramine feeding led to an approximate threefold increase in HMG-CoA reductase specific activity. Feeding of hydrophobic bile salts profoundly decreased the specific activity of HMG-CoA reductase. Cholestyramine led to a three-fold increase in cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase specific activity, steady-state mRNA levels and gene transcriptional activity. The feeding of cholic (1%), chenodeoxycholic (1%) and deoxycholic acid (0.25%) led to significant decreases in cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase specific activities (62%, 84% and 97%, respectively), steady-state mRNA levels (72%, 29% and 61%, respectively) and transcriptional activities (44%, 43% and 54%, respectively). Down-regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase specific activity was in order of increasing hydrophobicity of bile salts (cholic < chenodeoxycholic < deoxycholic acid). No such clear correlation was observed between bile salt hydrophobicity and steadystate mRNA levels or gene transcriptional activity. We conclude that down-regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity by cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids occurred as the result of decreased transcriptional activity of the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene. Because chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids led to greater fractional suppression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase specific activity than of gene transcriptional activity, we postulate the existence of posttranscriptional regulation of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase by these two hydrophobic bile salts. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:941–947.)
An app a day is only a framework away
Authors: None The Lancet Digital Health
Journal: The Lancet Digital Health (2019)

With more than 300 000 health-related mobile device applications (apps) on the market serving millions of individuals worldwide, some have now reached the sought-after so-called unicorn status. The health apps landscape is rapidly growing and so are its promises, not only for public health but also for investors' pockets. Calm—the world's first mental health unicorn—is valued at US$1 billion, and now serves more than 1 million people. Health apps, like Calm, could be useful for treating or managing mental health disorders, which are often subject to stigmatisation, inhibiting patients from seeking face-to-face care.
Reply
Authors: Jean Bousquet, H. J. Schünemann, T. Zuberbier, C. Bachert, C. E. Baena-Cagnani, P. J. Bousquet, J. Brozek, G. W. Canonica, T. B. Casale, P. Demoly, R. Gerth van Wijk, K. Ohta, E. D. Bateman, M. Calderon, A. A. Cruz, W. K. Dolen, J. Haughney, R. F. Lockey, J. Lötvall, P. O'Byrne, O. Spranger, A. Togias, S. Bonini, L. P. Boulet, P. Camargos, K. H. Carlsen, N. H. Chavannes, L. Delgado, S. R. Durham, W. J. Fokkens, J. Fonseca, T. Haahtela, O. Kalayci, M. L. Kowalski, D. Larenas-Linnemann, J. Li, Y. Mohammad, J. Mullol, R. Naclerio, R. E. O'Hehir, N. Papadopoulos, G. Passalacqua, K. F. Rabe, R. Pawankar, D. Ryan, B. Samolinski, F. E. R. Simons, E. Valovirta, A. Yorgancioglu, O. M. Yusuf, I. Agache, N. Aït-Khaled, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, B. Beghe, A. Ben Kheder, M. S. Blaiss, D. A. Boakye, J. Bouchard, P. G. Burney, W. W. Busse, M. Chan-Yeung, Y. Chen, A. G. Chuchalin, D. J. Costa, A. Custovic, R. Dahl, J. Denburg, H. Douagui, R. Emuzyte, L. Grouse, M. Humbert, C. Jackson, S. L. Johnston, M. A. Kaliner, P. K. Keith, Y. Y. Kim, J. M. Klossek, P. Kuna, L. T. Le, C. Lemiere, B. Lipworth, B. Mahboub, J. L. Malo, G. D. Marshall, S. Mavale-Manuel, E. O. Meltzer, M. Morais-Almeida, C. Motala, C. Naspitz, K. Nekam, B. Niggemann, E. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Y. Okamoto, M. P. Orru, S. Ouedraogo, S. Palkonen, T. A. Popov, D. Price, J. Rosado-Pinto, G. K. Scadding, T. M. Sooronbaev, S. W. Stoloff, E. Toskala, P. van Cauwenberge, O. Vandenplas, C. van Weel, G. Viegi, J. C. Virchow, D. Y. Wang, M. Wickman, D. Williams, B. P. Yawn, H. J. Zar, M. Zernotti, N. Zhong, Non Renseigné
Journal: Allergy (2010)
Promotion of cholesterol crystal nucleation by immunoglobulins (IGS) is not dependent on hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance . Washington Univ. School of Med, St Louis, MO
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In earlier work we showed that cholesterol monohydrate crystallization from model and native biles can involve filamentous cholesterol crystals, and other metastable intermediates which are covered by a layer of phosphatidylcholine (lecithin) molecules [Konikoff et al., J. Clin. Invest. 90 (1992) 1155]. The aim of the present study was to isolate the initial filamentous cholesterol crystals by density gradient centrifugation and microfiltration and to sequentially monitor their transformations into equilibrium plates within the mother liquor composed of a dilute (1.2 g/dl) bile salt-rich model bile (cholesterol/egg yolk lecithin/sodium taurocholate, 1.7/0.8/97.5 mol%). When assayed by dual radiolabeling at 37°C, total precipitated cholesterol in bile increased from zero at 2–4 h of incubation to 43% at 24 h, reaching a stable value by 48 h when 36% of total cholesterol had crystallized. Isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation at 20°C separated early filamentous crystals from plate-like crystals and revealed densities compatible with anhydrous cholesterol (1.029 g/ml) and cholesterol monohydrate (1.048 g/ml), respectively. Rapid (1 h) density gradient centrifugation carried-out in time-lapse sequence disclosed that cholesterol crystallization involved initially low-density (1.01-1.03 g/ml) filamentous crystals, which reached a maximal concentration at 24 h and disappeared gradually by 156 h of incubation. Concomitantly, the concentrations of high-density (1.04-1.06 g/ml) plate-like cholesterol crystals increased reciprocally throughout the crystallization process suggesting a precursor-product relationship. Rates of crystal filament formation and transitions to thermodynamically stable plates accelerated curvilinearly with increases in temperature from 4 to 60°C, but the crystallization process per se remained unchanged. We conclude that metastable intermediate crystals during cholesterol precipitation from bile may involve either low-density anhydrous crystals or a new cholesterol polymorph that transforms slowly at physiologic temperature (37°C) into classic plate-like cholesterol monohydrate crystals. Clearly, cholesterol crystallization in model bile is more complex and heterogenous than hitherto believed and monitoring metastable intermediate forms, habits and possibly polymorphs should provide a better framework for studying the physical chemistry of nucleation and crystal growth in native bile as well as promoters and inhibitors of these processes.
The Autopsy
Authors: John Prutting
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journal'slead article (221:1471, 1971), "An Autopsy Study of Cancer Patients," by Bauer and Robbins merits serious attention because once again, it stresses the importance of the autopsy as a major contributor to medical knowledge. This report, it will be recalled, points out that in a large series of 2,734 autopsies, performed on deceased cancer patients during a ten-year span at the Boston City Hospital, there were 40% serious clinical errors for diagnosing cancer. And, in 26% of the cases, cancer had not been detected at all; 45% of these were fatal. It must be recognized that this is only one among many recurring examples where the procedures of autopsy have placed in question the accuracy of many diagnoses being made by members of our profession. This, of course, is less an indictment of today's medical skills than it is an indication of how much we
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Occupied Holland
Authors: C. Banning, H. A. Lohr
Journal: BMJ (1947)

Before the war Holland ranked among the highest of nations regarding health.The death rate of babies was extraordinarily low.During the war the mortality rate increased regularly without, however, the " summer top " feared so much in former times.Immediately after the liberation, in the summer of 1945, in spite of the good food supply the death rate of babies was so high that we could again speak of a " summer top."Many babies died within a few days with toxic appear- ances for which we could find no definite cause.Necropsy revealed no obvious reasons for the deaths.Per 1,000 born alive there died in the whole kingdom: .. .. .. .. ..
Studies on Testis and Ovary: Eggs and Sperm.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician-Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia in the Netherlands
Authors: Herbert Hendin
Journal: JAMA (1997)

For 2 decades, both physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia have been given legal sanction in the Netherlands. In response to domestic and international concern about their policies, the Dutch government appointed a commission that oversaw a study of the practice of physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia in 1990.<sup>1</sup>That study, which was largely replicated in a 1995 study, was supported by the Royal Dutch Medical Association with the promise that physicians who participated would receive immunity from prosecution for anything they revealed. See also p 1705. In 1996, the investigators published a report of their new findings in Dutch<sup>2</sup>and summarized their work in 2 articles in the<sup>New England Journal of Medicine</sup>,<sup>3,4</sup>which was supported by an editorial in that journal.<sup>5</sup>These reports have given a favorable interpretation to what could be seen as evidence of little or no improvement by declaring that since matters have not
Pulse THE MEDICAL STUDENT SUPPLEMENT OF JAMA
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aminosidine is more effective than sodium stibogluconate in visceral leishmaniasis
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Early selegiline treatment in Parkinson's disease may not be advantageous A previous report from the UK Parkinson's Disease Research Group's randomised controlled trial noted that patients with early, mild Parkinson's disease treated with selegiline and levodopa (arm 2) had around 60% increased mortality compared with those given levodopa alone (arm 1).On p 1191 Ben-Shlomo et al examined whether this increased mortality was maintained and tested possible explanations such as orthostatic hypotension, more rapidly deteriorating disease, and adverse drug interactions with other drugs.The extended results show a persistent but smaller excess mortality with combined treatment.Patients who died in arm 2 were more likely to have had possible dementia before death.The results do not support the use of combined treatment in newly diagnosed disease.In more advanced disease its avoidance in patients with postural hypotension, frequent falls, confusion, and dementia may be advisable.
Impaired microRNA processing causes corpus luteum insufficiency and infertility in mice
Authors: Motoyuki Otsuka, Min Zheng, Masaaki Hayashi, Jing-Dwan Lee, Osamu Yoshino, Shengcai Lin, Jiahuai Han
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

During the preparation of the manuscript, panels D and E in Figure 5 were inadvertently mislabeled.The correctly labeled panels and their corresponding legends appear below.(D) miR17-5p and let7b had no effect on the proliferation of SVEC.Thirty-six hours after transfection of the indicated oligos into SVEC, 5 × 10 4 cells were seeded, and the number of cells was determined by cell counting at the indicated time points.Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 4 per group, P = NS).(E) miR17-5p and let7b had no effect on the motility of SVEC.In vitro wound healing was quantified as the average length of the elongation of wound edges at 4 specific points over 24 hours.Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 per group, P = NS).The JCI regrets the error.
Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831). A neglected American pioneer of anesthesia
Authors: N. A. Bergman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In 1795, Samuel Latham Mitchill, MD, of New York City published a theory of contagion. He proposed that the cause of plaguelike disease was exposure to "gaseous oxide of azote" (nitrous oxide). During the course of his exposition of this theory, Mitchill presented a clear and vivid description of the effects of nitrous oxide inhalation and the resulting anesthetic state. This earliest description of nitrous oxide narcosis appears to have been overlooked. It antedates that of Humphry Davy by five years. Samuel Latham Mitchill should be accorded an important position among the pioneers of anesthesia because of this description and also because his interest in nitrous oxide was the direct stimulus for Humphry Davy's investigations, ultimately leading to introduction of anesthesia into clinical practice. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:675-678)
Error in Group Information
Authors: Monica Lopez, David Wesson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Shabih U. Hasan, MD, DCH, FRCPC; Jim Potenziano, PhD; Girija G. Konduri, MD; Jose A. Perez, MD; Krisa P. Van Meurs, MD; M. Whit Walker, MD, MS; Bradley A. Yoder, MD; for the Newborns Treated With Nitric Oxide (NEWNO) Trial Group
Telephone Appraisal of 100 Suicidal Emergencies
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PP-013 Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance in patients with established cirrhosis: Birmingham experience
Authors: R Desai, H Bridgestock, J Neuberger
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes approximately 1500 deaths per year in the UK and 95% of these patients have known established cirrhosis. Surveillance programme for patients with cirrhosis using six monthly α-fetoprotein (AFP) monitoring and ultrasound scanning (USS) is therefore recommended to ensure early identification of HCC at a stage when curative treatment is still possible. HCC identified by surveillance rather than incidental or symptomatic diagnosis results in better outcome and increased survival. Here we show the results of an audit of HCC surveillance at the Liver Transplantation Unit in Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified consecutive 271 patients who had undergone HCC surveillance between January 2007 and January 2009. We divided the patients into high-risk (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, men with alcoholic liver disease or PBC and haemochromatosis) and low risk groups. We collected their demographic data, surveillance results, treatment details and outcome. <h3>Results</h3> Mean duration of follow-up was 22 months (1–32). 156/272 (57%) patients belonged to high-risk group. Ten patients (4%) ceased surveillance as they underwent liver transplantation for reasons other than HCC. Eight patients (3%) died during surveillance, unrelated to HCC. One patient was found to have pancreatic cancer on USS done for HCC surveillance. 18/272 (6%) were found to have HCC. Of these 13 (72%) were in the high-risk group. 13 patients (72%) had single tumour whereas remaining five had multiple tumours. Two patients (11%) were detected by abnormal AFP alone with further imaging confirming the diagnosis. Both of these were unsuitable for curative treatment. Eight (44%) were identified on surveillance USS, confirmed with further imaging. Fifty-six percent of patients with HCC underwent attempted curative treatment (liver transplantation 28%, resection 6% and radiofrequency ablation 22%); 23% received controlling treatment (TACE 6%, ethanol injection 17%) and 22% were referred for palliation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results show that higher proportion (72%) of HCC were detected in high-risk group. 56% of these patients underwent treatment with curative intent. There was a significant burden of HCC in the group conventionally classified as low risk group for HCC (18%). We show that a greater proportion of HCC detected by USS were suitable for attempted curative treatment as compared to those detected by AFP monitoring. 22% of total HCC cases were not suitable for treatment other than palliation despite being on recommended surveillance. With this study we recommend that present surveillance guidelines should be followed in all patients with cirrhosis, however, there may be scope for improving early detection of HCC developing in cirrhotic patients resulting in improvement in outcome, by modification of surveillance protocol in selected patients and also by better definition of high-risk group.
Livestock Sanitation. A Collection of Short Popular Articles Bearing Upon the Subject.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal