tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Organochlorines and Prostate Cancer in Japan: No Link in Men without Occupational Exposures
Authors: Kris S. Freeman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

No Link in Men without Occupational ExposuresOccupational exposure to organochlorine compounds during pesticide manufacturing or application has been associated with prostate cancer incidence.However, prostate cancer was not clearly associated with plasma levels of organochlorine compounds among Japanese men in the general population, according to results of a large-scale prospective study [EHP 118:659-665; Sawada et al.].Organochlorines can act as endocrine disruptors.Studies in animals and humans have reported evidence of associations between significant environmental exposures and effects such as urogenital malformation in boys born to agricultural workers.Organochlorines were banned in the 1970s in Japan, where the current study was based.However, because these compounds persist in the environment, environmental exposures may still be affecting human health.In a nested case-control study, the authors tracked the incidence of prostate cancer among 14,203 men aged 40-69 who were enrolled in a prospective study through the Japan Public Health Center.Participants responded to baseline health questionnaires and provided blood samples between 1990 and 1995; they were followed through 2005.The authors identified 201 participants who were diagnosed with prostate cancer during the period of the study, each of whom was matched with two controls from the study cohort.The baseline blood samples from these 603 men were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and several organochlorine pesticides.The authors found no statistically significant associations between blood levels of any organochlorine and prostate cancer.Contrary to expectations, men who developed cancer had lower blood levels of the pesticides hexachlorobenzene and β-hexachlorocyclohexane than men who did not develop cancer, though these inverse associations were not statistically significant.Strengths of the study include the large number of participants and the use of biological samples collected many years before diagnosis.However, the authors acknowledge the small number of cases of prostate cancer may have limited their ability to detect associations with organochlorine exposures.Moreover, the length of followup may have been insufficient to fully detect incidence of prostate cancer, which is generally slow to develop.Kris S. Freeman has written for Encarta encyclopedia, NIH, ABCNews.com,
In utero exposure to phenobarbital and intelligence deficits in adult men
Authors: J. M. Reinisch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To test whether exposure to phenobarbital in utero is associated with deficits in intelligence scores in adult men and whether the magnitude of the postnatal effect is mediated by exposure parameters and/or postnatal environmental factors. <h3>Design.</h3> —Two double-blind studies were conducted on independent samples of adult men prenatally exposed to phenobarbital and matched control samples using different measures of general intelligence. Based on data from control subjects, regression models were built relating intelligence scores to relevant pre-exposure matching variables and age at testing. Models generated predicted scores for each exposed subject. Group mean differences between the individually predicted and observed scores estimated exposure effects. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Copenhagen, Denmark. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Exposed subjects were adult men born at the largest hospital in Copenhagen between 1959 and 1961 who were exposed to phenobarbital during gestation via maternal medical treatment and whose mothers had no history of a central nervous system disorder and no treatment during pregnancy with any other psychopharmacological drug. Study 1 included 33 men and study 2,81 men. Controls were unexposed members of the same birth cohort matched on a wide spectrum of maternal variables recorded prenatally and perinatally. Controls for studies 1 and 2 included 52 and 101 men, respectively. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —In study 1: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Danish version); in study 2: Danish Military Draft Board Intelligence Test (Børge Priens Prove). <h3>Result.</h3> —Men exposed prenatally to phenobarbital had significantly lower verbal intelligence scores (approximately 0.5 SD) than predicted. Lower socioeconomic status and being the offspring of an "unwanted" pregnancy increased the magnitude of the negative effects. Exposure that included the last trimester was the most detrimental. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Phenobarbital exposure during early development can have long-term deleterious effects on cognitive performance. Detrimental environmental conditions can interact with prenatal biological insult to magnify negative outcomes. Physicians are urged to use increased caution in prescribing such medications during pregnancy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1518-1525)
Unreviewed Reports
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Unreviewed ReportsFacial numbness as presentation of parotid tumour A 68 year old man presented with numbness in the distribution of his right mandibular nerve (3rd division of the trigeminal nerve).Taste and facial movements were normal.On examination there was a firm mass behind the angle of his jaw and a preauricular swelling; a biopsy specimen showed a squamous carcinoma.Tumours of the deep lobe of the parotid gland usually present with local pain or a mass inside the mouth.' They may infiltrate posteriorly across the base of the skull, but spread to the mandibular nerve has not been reported.A neurilemma of the mandibular nerve is the main differential diagnosis.-
Diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Use of fine-needle aspiration and needle biopsy
Authors: J. M. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The accuracy of diagnosis of 455 thyroid nodules evaluated by cytological and histological specimens obtained by fine- and large-needle biopsy, respectively, was compared with that for 1,094 nodules previously evaluated by clinical methods. The use of cytohistological data halved the number of patients with suspected cancer and doubled the number of patients to be observed. Cancers identified at operation for high and intermediate cancerrisk patients increased 75%, and operation for diagnosis of benign disease decreased 70%. Forty-two of 47 excised cancers were included in the cytohistological probable cancer group. Only 29 of these cancers were so classified clinically. Two cancers not diagnosed cytologically were suspected histologically and vice versa for one cancer. All 51 excised cytohistologically benign nodules were benign. There were more falsepositive findings with cytological than with histological specimens. (<i>JAMA</i>241:481-484, 1979)
Government
Authors: D. Rowland
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Amid the intense budget negotiations of 1990, the 101st Congress enacted a long-term deficit reduction plan that included reductions in Medicare and adopted modest improvements in existing health programs. Legislation directed at extending Medicaid coverage of poor children, coping with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, expanding research on Alzheimer's disease, and strengthening the regulation of medical devices and the sale of private insurance to supplement Medicare are among the achievements of the last Congress. These changes build on the major reform of physician payment under Medicare and Medicaid expansions in coverage of low-income pregnant women and children enacted in 1989.<sup>1</sup>Despite the call for action on broader initiatives by the congressionally mandated Pepper Commission, issues of financing and federal budgetary concerns dominated and constrained legislative reform efforts in 1990. In the context of the budget, Medicare's size and rapid growth make it a visible and ready target for
ABSTRACTS
Journal: Circulation (1959)

In 20 dogs the intravenous injection of lycopo- dium seeds or constriction of the pulmonary artery caused inconstant changes in the P-R in- terval, slight prolongation of the Q-T interval, increase in the R wave, decrease in the S wave and sometimes the appearance of an R wave in the right endocardial leads.The T wave became more positive in right ventricular epicardial leads and usually more negative in left epicardial leads.The S-T segment showed elevation in right ven- tricular endocardial and epicardial leads, no change in left endocardial leads, and often de- pression in left epicardial leads.Trans-septal leads usually showed no change in the S-T seg- ment.It was concluded that acute cor pulmonale caused injury in the lateral wall of the right ventricle, but not in its septal wall, and that in many instances subendocardial injury in the lateral wall of the left ventricle appeared; this was attributed to decreased coronary flow as a result of increased coronary venous pressure.LEPESCHKIN
Pancreatitis
Authors: Bertram Fleshler
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Dr. Gambill and his colleagues at the Mayo Clinic have authored a most worthwhile volume on the subject of pancreatic inflammatory disease. Drawing on published and unpublished laboratory and clinical observations at the Mayo Clinic, utilizing illustrative personal experiences most appropriately, and referring to the world literature in a critically informative manner, the authors present in this volume a clear picture of the present state of knowledge of the various illnesses grouped under the term "Pancreatitis." Perhaps the outstanding characteristic of the book is the attitude of scientific humility with which this group of experts approaches the problem. Dr. Gambill stresses that classification of pancreatitis is far from ideal, that the etiology of pancreatitis and the mechanisms involved are questions for which the answers at the moment must be considered theoretical and inferential, and that the spectrum of symptoms and physical findings in pancreatitis is so broad that the term
HARD LUCK.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transforming growth factor-β1 and mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor expression during intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia and biliary fibrosis in the rat
Authors: L Saperstein
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

These studies investigate the role of transforming growth factor-β1, a potent inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation and stimulator of extracellular matrix biosynthesis, during intrahepatic bile duct hyperplasia and biliary fibrosis. These pathogenic responses were induced in rats by common bile duct ligation. Bile duct cell replication, measured by the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, was significantly increased 24 hr after common bile duct ligation. This response diminished to baseline by 1 wk. Liver collagen content, determined by quantification of hydroxyproline, was increased significantly after 1 wk of common bile duct ligation, and by 4 wk was increased by a factor of 4. Immunohistochem-istry revealed low levels of TGF-β1 in normal intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. In contrast, the bile duct epithelium in bile duct–ligated rats stained strongly positive for transforming growth factor-β1 at 1 and 4 wk after ligation. These results suggest that transforming growth factor-β1 may play a role in both the termination of the bile duct epithelial cell proliferative response and the induction of fibrogenesis after common bile duct ligation. In addition, the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor was up-regulated in hyperplastic bile duct epithelium 1 and 4 wk after ligation. Because the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-II receptor has been shown to facilitate the proteolytic activation of transforming growth factor-β1, these results suggest that the bile duct epithelium may also be involved in the activation of transforming growth factor-β1. (Hepatology 1994;19:412–417).
Mammographic screening
Authors: D. L. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Since 1987, the United States has stood alone among major developed countries in having encouraged asymptomatic women under 50 years of age to undergo screening mammography, although US mortality rates for women these ages continue to mirror those of other Western countries.<sup>1</sup>Recent reports in<i>JAMA</i>and elsewhere compel a reexamination of this policy. Diagnostic mammographic evaluation is indicated at any age if a woman has a lump or other signs of disease. In contrast to diagnostic assessments, screening mammography is a routine measure seeking to detect latent disease in asymptomatic women, in order to provide treatment, which may increase the likelihood of a cure.<sup>2</sup>
Geriatric Doses
Authors: Ruth Wharton
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Drs. Solomon and Vickers (231:280, 1975) do not appear to appreciate that geriatric doses of psychoactive medication are lower than doses for younger people. Acceptable therapeutic lithium ion levels for people more than 50-60 years of age is 0.2 to 0.9 mEq/liter. For older people, 300-mg tablets of lithium carbonate often have to be broken in half; 150 mg three times daily is a frequent geriatric dosage. Sometimes even less is appropriate. For this reason, tablet form is better than capsule form of lithium carbonate.
Transtracheal Aspiration
Authors: RICHARD F. FIESTER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 November 1970Transtracheal AspirationRICHARD F. FIESTER, M.D.RICHARD F. FIESTER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-5-856_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent article by Hahn and Beaty (1) caused some interest in the validity of the bacterial sample obtained by the use of a transtracheal aspiration. As a result we have begun a study on autopsy cases by comparing a postmortem tracheal aspirate with the routine postmortem lung cultures. The plastic catheter was inserted as described by Hahn and Beaty. The catheter was left in place, its position was later noted, and the aspirate culture was compared with the appropriate lung culture. In most cases the autopsies have been done within 2 hr after death. Patients with...References1. HAHN H and BEATY H: Transtracheal aspiration in the evaluation of patients with pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 72:183-187, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD F. FIESTER, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Pathology St. Luke's Hospital 2900 W. Oklahoma Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. 53215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1970Volume 73, Issue 5Page: 856-856KeywordsAutopsyCathetersLungs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Harveian Lectures on Lupus
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

Dilficulticsof Classification.-The Bacillus in Lupws Necrogenicus.Acne-Lupus (Lupus Pollicularis Disseminatus of Tilbury Fox).-.A Mired Form o1 Chilblaizs-Lupus.--Lupus-Psoriasis(Dr.Stephen Afackcnzie's Casc).-Lupus in Relation to Port IVine Stains.-Lupus Lymphaticus.-Riupia-I,upus of Young Children.-Nmvus Lupus
Tommaso Lucherini, 1891-1967
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1967)

NationalHospital for Rheumatic Diseases his base, even after he became senior pathologist to the Hospital Group Laboratory at the Manor.During the second world war, when most physicians were away, he showed his great knowledge of general medicine and was able to advise practitioners on both diagnosis and treatment as well as carrying out pathological examinations for them.He was much sought after on all important committees because of his sound commonsense and balanced judgement.Because of this, his integrity and his humanity, his opinion was valued perhaps more than anyone's on difficult problems, medical administration, and even on houses and motor-cars.In spite of his many interests, rheumatology always took priority.It is doubtful whether there was a pathologist in the country with a wider knowledge of this subject.
Cytogenetic and Teratogenic Test of Polybrominated Biphenyls in Rodents
Authors: Gary F. Wertz, Gyula Ficsor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Previously we reported negative terata and c-mitosis synergism of FireMaster (polybrominated biphenyls) with colchicine in subacutely treated rats. Now we report absence of chromosome aberrations from FireMaster and absence of c-mitosis synergism of FireMaster and colchicine in male mice. For the study of chromosome aberrations groups of three mice received 0, 50, or 500 mg/kg FireMaster or 4.5 mg/kg triethylenemelamine (TEM) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide through a single stomach gavage administration. Five hours before killing the animals were injected with 5 mg colchicine/kg. Groups of 3 mice from each treatment killed 12, 24, and 48 hr after treatment. From the bone marrow of each of 36 mice 100 metaphases were scored for gaps, chromatid and chromosome breaks, rearrangements and pulverized chromosomes. Only TEM induced chromosome damage. For detection of synergism between FireMaster and colchicine, slides prepared for chromosome analysis were also scored for metaphase and mitotic indeces. Control mice for detection of synergism were treated as for the chromosome study but were not injected with colchicine. Approximately 1000 cells were scored from each of 72 animals for determination of metaphase and mitotic indeces. FireMaster did not show c-mitosis synergism with colchicine in mice. Treatment with FireMaster did not cause visually recognizable toxicity.
SUICIDES.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Malarial Fever.
Authors: L. A. Tourtellot
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3> Having been in St. Augustine, Fla., in April, when the cases of so-called typhoid fever to which you refer in The Journal of the 7th inst. were under treatment, I am able to say that your doubt whether they were cases of genuine typhoid is fully justified. I saw none of them personally, but from statements made to me by the local physicians it is plain that they were simply cases of the common malarial fever of the country, occurring in persons of feeble constitution, and presenting typhoid symptoms in their final stages. It is stated that the number of persons traveling for health and pleasure in Florida during the past season has been greater than ever before, and it is not strange that in the hotels crowded by these visitors malarial fever of a severe type should have
Lucent liver in the newborn. A roentgenographic sign of pneumoperitoneum
Authors: E. S. Wind
Journal: JAMA (1977)

WHEN the diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum is suspected from the clinical information in the case of a neonate, it is generally a simple matter to confirm the diagnosis roentgenographically. Filming is performed in either upright, lateral, or left lateral decubitus positions. When a perforation is of such severity that massive amounts of gastric or intestinal air enter the peritoneal cavity, a supine roentgenogram demonstrates the "football sign," which consists of an oval lucency demarcating the peritoneum with visualization of the falciform ligament (Fig 1).<sup>1</sup>With pneumoperitoneum, the physical findings that would normally alert the neonatologist to this diagnosis are occasionally not apparent, and an abdominal x-ray film taken with the patient in a recumbent position does not show the football sign. We have found that a homogeneous lucency or streak-like lucencies seen over the liver provide easy recognition of intraperitoneal air, and an appropriate left lateral decubitus or lateral roentgenogram
Unusual cerebral embolization
Authors: J. N. Rutledge
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal