tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of hepatocellular adenoma. The role of oral contraceptive use
Authors: J. B. Rooks
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A case-control study of hepatocellular adenoma (HCA), a serious though nonmalignant liver tumor, was conducted by the Center for Disease Control and the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). Interviews with 79 women with HCA and with 220 age- and neighborhood-matched controls were completed. Limited information was obtained on nine additional patients who had died. Women with HCA and hemorrhage have a greater risk of morbidity and death than those with other symptoms. Increasing duration of OC use increases the risk of HCA. Use of OCs with high hormonal potency and age over 30 years may further increase a woman's risk of HCA. Long-term users of OCs have an estimated annual incidence of HCA of 3 to 4 per 100,000. (<i>JAMA</i>242:644-648, 1979)
Aging process yields secrets to long-term study at unique research center
Authors: D. E. Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In 1940, a one-year grant from the Josiah Macy Foundation provided salary for Edward J. Stieglitz, MD, and one technician to investigate the physiology of aging under National Institutes of Health auspices. Stieglitz had no way of knowing that the modest laboratory, established in the Baltimore City Hospitals (now Francis Scott Key Medical Center), would be the forerunner of a modern, glass and brick, four-story Gerontology Research Center erected on hospital grounds in 1968. When the Macy grant expired in 1941, the National Institutes of Health assumed support of the unit and recruited Nathan W. Shock, PhD, from the University of California, Berkeley, to spearhead the research effort. Under Shock's leadership, the Gerontology Research Unit—now part of the National Institute on Aging—has grown to employ 155 full-time staff and manage an annual budget of some $19 million; it is now the largest institution in the Western Hemisphere devoted entirely to
Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, Stuttgart
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Aspirin as a risk factor in Reye's syndrome
Authors: R. J. Waldman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Fifty-six cases of Reye's syndrome (RS) in school-aged children were reported in Michigan during the winter of 1979-1980. The parents of 25 of these children were interviewed in the spring of 1980, as were controls matched to the cases for age, race, school grade, and nature of antecedent viral illness. Children with RS were more likely to have received medication containing aspirin during their viral illness than controls (24/25<i>v</i>34/46), even when the child's highest measured fever was added as a criterion for matching (14/14<i>v</i>14/19). During the winter of 1980-1981, a second study was undertaken to examine this observed difference more carefully. All 12 school-aged children with RS, and controls matched to the cases for race, school grade, nature of antecedent viral illness, and peak temperature, were interviewed as cases occurred. Again, the ill children had received aspirincontaining products more frequently (12/12<i>v</i>13/29). Although RS can occur in the absence of aspirin ingestion, our data indicate that aspirin taken during viral illness may contribute to the development of RS. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:3089-3094)
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1946)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE HUMORAL THEORY OF NERVOUS FUNCTION
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Kinetics of vascular normalization by VEGFR2 blockade governs brain tumor response to radiationRole of oxygenation, angiopoietin-1, and matrix metalloproteinases
Authors: F WINKLER, S KOZIN, R TONG, S CHAE, M BOOTH, I GARKAVTSEV, L XU, D HICKLIN, D FUKUMURA, E DITOMASO
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Inhibin and activin production in human placenta
Authors: J. Qu
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1995)

IN 1985 and 1986, inhibin and activin, respectively, were successfully isolated from follicular fluid of the ovary (1, 2). Since then, our understanding of the important roles of these two new hormones in the reproductive endocrine system has rapidly advanced (3–6). The physiological significance and relationship between inhibin and activin or its related peptides represents one of the most challenging and interesting research areas in reproductive endocrinology. Inhibin is a 32-kDa heterodimer glycoprotein composed of an α-subunit and one of two related β-subunits, termed inhibin A (α-βA) or inhibin B(α-βB). Activin is a 24-kilodalton (kDa) homodimer consisting of two inhibin β-subunits. Three iso forms of activins have been found with different combinations of the subunits, including activin A (βA-βA), activin B(βB-βB), and activin AB (βA-B) (1–4). These structurally related peptides display distinct functions in the regulation of the release of FSH: inhibin selectively suppresses FSH secretion from the pituitary gland, whereas activin stimulates the FSH production (4, 5, 7, 8). Inhibin and activin also manifest many other biological activities. In women, these peptides play roles in the regulation of hormonal production, folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation in the ovary, and embryofetal development (4–6, 9). It has been found that theprimary structures of inhibin β-subunits are homologous, particularly with regard to the distribution of cysteine residues, to a family of growth factors including transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), Müllerian duct inhibiting substance, and a protein encoded in the decapentaplegic gene complex in Drosophila (5,10). Furthermore, activin A can potentiate the differentiation of cells such as erythroid progenitor cells inbone marrow cultures (11). Therefore, inhibin and activin should not be considered solely as FSH-releasing regulators. This class of molecules may serve as important autocrine and paracrine factors in the modulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation in different tissues (12). In addition, follistatin, a single-chain glycosylated polypeptide with no structural relationship to inhibin or activin, was also isolated from follicular fluid (3,4). It binds to inhibin and activin and helps to regulate FSH release in the pituitary.
Acquired immunodeficiency with reversed T4/T8 ratios in infants born to promiscuous and drug-addicted mothers
Authors: A. Rubinstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A new syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency has been identified in seven children who were small for gestational age at birth and subsequently have exhibited failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, parotitis, hepatosplenomegaly, interstitial pneumonia, and recurrent infections. All have a profound cell-mediated immunodeficiency with reversed T<sub>4</sub>/T<sub>8</sub>ratios. Six are hypergammaglobulinemic and one has low IgG levels. The mothers of five of the seven children are sexually promiscuous and/or drug addicts. Three mothers have an immunodeficiency similar to that found in their infants. One of them died at age 33 years with a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In five of the children and in three of their mothers, there is evidence of a persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We speculate that a perinatal or in utero transmission of EBV can induce an "infectious immunodeficiency." The clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic features resemble those described in adult homosexuals and drug addicts. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2350-2356)
Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride and Poly(Vinyl Chloride): A Critical Review
Authors: Joseph K. Wagoner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

In 1974, vinyl chloride (VC) was first reported in the open scientific literature to induce angiosarcoma of the liver both in humans and in animals. Additional research has now demonstrated the carcinogenicity of VC to other organs and at lower concentrations. The target organs for VC now clearly include the liver, brain and the lung, and probably the lymphohematopoietic system. The evidence for a carcinogenic risk has been extended to jobs associated with poly(vinyl chloride) exposure. Cases of liver angiosarcoma have been reported among individuals employed in PVC fabrication facilities and an epidemiological study has demonstrated a significant association between exposure to PVC dust and the risk of lung cancer mortality. Cases of angiosarcoma of the liver also have been reported among individuals living in near proximity to vinyl chloride-poly(vinyl chloride) plants. An association between PVC dust and pneumoconiosis also has been demonstrated. On the basis of findings, prudent control of PVC dust in the industrial setting is indicated.
Quantitative Buffy Coat Analysis
Authors: Stephen C. Wardlaw
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We have developed a system for the quantitative analysis of the buffy coat in centrifuged whole blood samples. This analysis, performed in a modified microhematocrit tube, provides a hematocrit value, total WBC count, platelet count, and a separation of the leukocyte population into granulocytes and nongranulocytes. All results are available within 15 minutes and correlate well with existing methods. The system is expected to provide a rapid means of performing a complete blood cell count in a physician's office. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:617-620)
Availability of Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Software for Hospital Planning
Journal: JAMA (2005)

INFLUENZA PANDEMICS HAVE OCCURRED three times during the 20th century: in 1918, 1957, and 1968.Another influenza pandemic is likely, if not inevitable. 1,2To help public health officials and hospital administrators prepare for the next influenza pandemic, CDC has developed FluSurge 1.0, a specialized spreadsheet-based software that estimates the potential surge in demand for hospital-based health care during a pandemic.For each week of a pandemic, FluSurge calculates the potential demand for hospital beds, intensive care unit beds, and mechanical ventilators.Demand for resources is compared with actual capacity.FluSurge is a companion to the previously released FluAid 2.0, which provides estimates of the total deaths, hospitalizations, and outpatient visits that might occur during an influenza pandemic.Both FluSurge 1.0 and FluAid 2.0, including accompanying manuals, are now available from the National Vaccine Program Office's website at http: //www.dhhs.gov/nvpo/pandemics.The software programs and manuals are available free of charge.
Syphilitic lymphadenitis.
Authors: V Vortel, Z Kraus, J Vanásek
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The authors subjected to histological examination a total of 38 inguinal lymph nodes from 35 patients. In 34 instances recent acquired syphilis was involved in one instance tertiary syphilis. The disease was in all patients confirmed by clinical examination, by evidence of Treponema pallidum in the luetic ulcer of the primary stage or in condylomas of the secondary stage and on serological examination by a positive BWR in blood or a positive TPI test. In three instances the histological finding in the lymph node was originally erroneously interpreted as a haemoblastoma. In two other patients the histological finding in the lymph nodes drew attention to syphilis, which before has escaped clinical diagnosis. The histological picture of syphilitic lymphadenitis in the early stage of the disease is characterized by perilymhadenitis, hyperplasia of the germ centres, proliferation of reticular cells and plasma cells and often also eosinophil cells. The finding of specific structures is rare. Vasculitis is always present. In half the patients by Warthin-Starry's method treponemas were detected.
The myth of red urine due to phenytoin
Authors: B. M. Derby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

WE WERE recently struck agog to find recorded in a current text of urology that, in the presence of an acid urinary pH, phenytoin (Dilantin, Parke-Davis) will result in a red urine.<sup>1</sup>This potentially electrifying information is applicable to thousands of patients in whom the differential diagnosis of hematuria or hemoglobinuria might arise and for whom medical investigation and reassurance might be necessary on a large scale. The phenomenon, however, is not mentioned in many other sources on discoloration of urine and on phenytoin and is unmentioned in Parke-Davis product information. It is unheard of in the practice of neurologists queried, covering a period of practice of many years that encompassed a vast number of individuals with seizure disorder. The author of the cited urology chapter has himself never seen a patient receiving phenytoin who has red urine and was unable to recall the reference from which his information
Balancing the Risks and Benefits of Drinking Water Disinfection: Disability Adjusted Life-Years on the Scale
Authors: Arie H. Havelaar, Augustinus E. M. De Hollander, Peter F. M. Teunis, Eric G. Evers, Henk J. Van Kranen, Johanna F. M. Versteegh, Joke E. M. Van Koten, Wout Slob
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

To evaluate the applicability of disability adjusted life-years (DALYs) as a measure to compare positive and negative health effects of drinking water disinfection, we conducted a case study involving a hypothetical drinking water supply from surface water. This drinking water supply is typical in The Netherlands. We compared the reduction of the risk of infection with Cryptosporidium parvum by ozonation of water to the concomitant increase in risk of renal cell cancer arising from the production of bromate. We applied clinical, epidemiologic, and toxicologic data on morbidity and mortality to calculate the net health benefit in DALYs. We estimated the median risk of infection with C. parvum as 10(-3)/person-year. Ozonation reduces the median risk in the baseline approximately 7-fold, but bromate is produced in a concentration above current guideline levels. However, the health benefits of preventing gastroenteritis in the general population and premature death in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome outweigh health losses by premature death from renal cell cancer by a factor of > 10. The net benefit is approximately 1 DALY/million person-years. The application of DALYs in principle allows us to more explicitly compare the public health risks and benefits of different management options. In practice, the application of DALYs may be hampered by the substantial degree of uncertainty, as is typical for risk assessment.
Corrigendum
Journal: BMJ (1928)

X MEDIICI JOUR niotLlih, buit slhould resi(le uinder Mrs. Bardell's roof and pay hser £15 a miiointih for boar(d au(d lodging, tiheni lhe would have beeni liatble to income< tax onl the ftll £50 p)er niieusem.It is a point xvliiclh prospective assistanits or thieir prinicipals might keep inl VieW whieni enltering inito a service agreement.Itcomle I'taxed before PReceipt.V. V. V." explains tliat, in declarinig his private inlcome, he gatve the amLlounit for thie year end(iino Decemiiber 31st, 1927, aind las now ree;eived a letter reqjUesting dletailed partictilars for the ycar to April 5thi, 1928, for his owni anld lhis vife's taxed inicome.* I* lt is niot quite clear by whom the request is ma(le, butt aIsstuiniig that it is miiade by. the authorities dealinig wvith super- ttx, Nve fear that otir.correspoindent must comlpily.WVhere in1come of that kinid is conicerned, April 5thi is the correct ter- miniiiatiug (late-tile clhoice of December 31st or aniy other date aLpplies to prof'essionial earninigs.The authorities have no specitic authlority to ask from wliat source " V. V. V.'Is" datugliter obtainedlher £400 capital, but a refusal to iuform them that it represents gifts received in childhood-aud thereby to dissipate ainy erroneous idea they may have-for example, that it represents accumulated earuiugs from some unknown source- is perhaps unwise.Sale of Practice."A. M. B." expects to tranisfer lhis practice as from Atigust 1stiiext.His past returns lhave been calcultLted on the basis of cashl receipts for the calendar year.*** The precise method of adjustment depends to some
Treatment of chronic hepatitis C with consensus interferon: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: M Tong
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

This multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase III study in 704 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection compared treatment with consensus interferon (CIFN), a non-natural recombinant type-1 interferon, with a standard regimen of recombinant interferon alfa-2b (IFN-α2b). Patients were randomized to receive CIFN at doses of 3 μg or 9 μg, or 15 μg IFN-α2b (3 million units), subcutaneously three times weekly for 24 weeks, followed by 24 weeks of observation. Efficacy was assessed by normalization of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) concentration and decrease in serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA concentration below the limit of detection by reverse- transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (100 copies/mL). The beneficial effect of CIFN was greater with the 9-μg dose than the 3- μg dose. The sustained ALT and HCV RNA response rates were 20.3% and 12.1%, respectively, in the 9-μg CIFN cohort and 19.6% and 11.3%, respectively, in the 15-μg IFN-α2b cohort. However, patients receiving 9 μg of CIFN had a greater reduction in serum HCV RNA concentrations compared with patients receiving 15 μg IFN- α2b over the course of treatment (P < .01). Similarly, analysis of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 showed a greater reduction in serum HCV RNA concentration over the course of treatment for the 9- μg CIFN group when compared with the 15-μg IFN-α2b group (P < .01). In addition, a greater percentage of patients infected with HCV genotype 1 treated with 9 μg CIFN had undetectable HCV RNA concentrations when compared with patients in the 15-μg IFN-α2b cohort at the end of treatment (24% vs. 15%; P = .04). Improvements in liver histology were noted in all three treatment groups; 52% to 55% of the patients in the three cohorts had at least a 2-unit improvement in the Knodell score at the end of the posttreatment period. The adverse- events profiles were characteristic of treatment with type-1 interferon, and the incidences of anti-interferon antibody formation did not significantly differ among the three treatment groups. These results show that administration of 9 μg CIFN three times weekly for 6 months is safe and is effective in reducing serum HCV RNA concentration.
Medical applications of dust-free rooms. II. Elimination of airborne bacteria from an operating theater
Authors: L. L. Coriell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A clean room of the type constructed for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) program for assembly of spacecraft in a dust-free environment was studied for its effect on airborne microorganisms in an operating suite. Using a combination of high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and a plenum type of vertical air flow, it was possible to essentially eliminate airborne bacteria from ambient air throughout the operating room within minutes after starting the air filter system. Microbiological monitoring of 14 operations in the clean room showed that viable particulates in the operative field were reduced 10- to 18-fold within 2 to 3 minutes of turning on the filter. This is a practical method for reducing airborne dust and bacteria and has many potential applications in a hospital.
THE ILLINOIS EXPERIMENT IN REGULATING MEDICAL PRACTICE
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal