tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postcoital antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent urinary tract infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: A. Stapleton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the efficacy of postcoital antibiotic prophylaxis in healthy young women prone to recurrent urinary tract infections. Sixteen patients were randomized to receive postcoital administration of a combination product of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, while 11 received postcoital placebo. The treatment groups were similar with respect to age, parity, diaphragm use, history of lifetime urinary tract infections, frequency of intercourse, and number of lifetime sexual partners. In over 6 months of observation, postcoital administration of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole was highly effective in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections. Nine of 11 patients who took the placebo developed urinary tract infections (infection rate, 3.6 per patient-year), compared with only two of 16 patients who received postcoital trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (infection rate, 0.3 per patient-year). Postcoital administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was effective in patients with both low (two or fewer times per week) and high (three or more times per week) intercourse frequencies. Side effects were few and compliance was excellent. We conclude that postcoital trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a safe, effective, and inexpensive approach to management of recurrent urinary tract infections in young women. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:703-706)
Structural and Therapeutic Insights from the Species Specificity and in Vivo Antithrombotic Activity of a Novel αIIb-Specific αIIbβ3 Antagonist
Authors: Robert Blue, M. Anna Kowalska, Marta Murcia, Christin A. Janczak, Marketa Jirouskova, Jihong Li, Amanda Harrington, Rudy Fuentes, Michael A. Thornton, Marta Filizola, Mortimer Poncz, Barry S. Coller
Journal: Blood (2008)
Ethics
Authors: E. D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The ostensible goals of health system reform are morally laudable. Few could quarrel with universal access to less expensive care without a loss of quality. What is morally problematic, however, is the way the means chosen to attain these goals might alter the ethical primacy of the physician's obligation to his or her patients. This review outlines some of the unresolved ethical questions inherent in managed care and managed competition as the preferred means to attain the goal of health system reform. Cost containment through managed care is already familiar to physicians through the operation of diagnosis related groups, preferred provider organizations, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and utilization and claims review under indemnity plans.<sup>1</sup>Managed competition fuses the principles of managed care with those of the market so as further to control costs. Under managed competition, health care organizations are required to compete with each other in terms of
Improved short-term survival of AIDS patients initially diagnosed with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 1984 through 1987
Authors: J. E. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1990)

I analyzed trends in the survival of 36 847 adults who were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome between January 1984 and September 1987 under the pre-1987 surveillance definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. For patients in whom<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia was among the first manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, the estimated 1-year survival increased from 42.7% for those diagnosed in 1984 and 1985 (95% confidence interval, 41.5% to 44.3%) to 54.5% for those diagnosed in 1986 and 1987 (95% confidence interval, 53.7% to 55.7%). The gain in survival was observed in homosexual men and intravenous drug users of both sexes, in all age and racial groups, in all geographic regions, and in patients with and without coexisting initial diagnoses. Reduced mortality in the 3-month period immediately following the initial diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome contributed little to the overall gain in survival. No gain in survival was seen for patients in whom<i>P carinii</i>pneumonia was not an initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is unlikely that the observed improvements in survival resulted solely from errors in death reporting. Better diagnosis and treatment, particularly the introduction of zidovudine in 1986, may have contributed to the decline in mortality. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:397-401)
THE ACTION OF DISEASE TOXINS ON THE LOWER FORMS OF LIFE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lasers in medicine and surgery. Council on Scientific Affairs
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 182: Cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis in serous adenocarcinoma of ovary
Authors: S Krishnapriya, C Sidhanth, P Manasa, S Sneha, S Bindhya, R P. Nagare, T S. Ganesan
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The traditional view of tumour vascularization is that tumours acquire blood supply from the neighbouring normal stroma. However, recently the origin of tumour endothelial cells or pericytes in part has been shown to be derived from cancer stem cells (CSCs) in glioblastoma. In high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the origin of endothelial cells is not known. Our objective was to determine if components of a tumour blood vessel and lymphatic vessel are derived from CSCs in ovarian cancer. Using spheroids as an in vitro model, we have evaluated the role of CSCs in primary malignant cells (PMCs) from patients with serous adenocarcinoma of ovary cultured under specific conditions. The expression of endothelial, pericyte and lymphatic endothelial markers was evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, functional assays were performed to assess the endothelial phenotype. Further, the ability of CSCs to express endothelial markers under appropriate growth conditions was also evaluated with Bevacizumab which antagonize VEGF. PMCs grown in endothelial growth medium (EGM) showed significantly higher expression of CD105 (n=32, p = 0.002) and CLEC14A (n=10, p = 0.012) and co-expression of CD105/CLEC14A (n=10, p= 0.012) than that of spheroids. Primary malignant cells when grown in pericyte and lymphatic endothelial specific conditions, showed significantly higher expression of desmin (n=10, p=0.03), Smooth muscle actin (SMA) (n=10, p=0.017) and VEGFR3 (n=10, p=0.028) than that of the spheroids. When the PMCs were grown as spheroids in endothelial conditions in the presence or absence of Bevacizumab (1 μg/μl), there was a reduction in the co-expression of CD105 and CLEC14A (P=0.04). The cells grown in endothelial conditions showed formation of tubes, uptake of Dil-ac-LDL and expressed eNOS, confirming their endothelial phenotype. GFP transduced spheroids from PMCs formed tumours in mice and the blood vessels in the tumour co-expressed CD31, SMA, VEGFR3 and GFP, suggesting that these cells are derived from CSCs. These results prove that a proportion of endothelial cells, pericytes and lymphatic endothelial cells are derived from CSCs in serous ovarian carcinoma and the VEGF pathway has a key role. This property of CSCs to contribute to tumour angiogenesis can be inhibited. Citation Format: S Krishnapriya, C Sidhanth, P Manasa, S Sneha, S Bindhya, R P. Nagare, T S. Ganesan. Cancer stem cells and tumor angiogenesis in serous adenocarcinoma of ovary [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 182.
Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Boston
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum: Corrigendum: Suppression of autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system by interleukin 10 secreted by interleukin 27–stimulated T cells
Authors: Denise C Fitzgerald, Guang-Xian Zhang, Mohamed El-Behi, Zoë Fonseca-Kelly, Hongmei Li, Shuo Yu, Christiaan J Saris, Bruno Gran, Bogoljub Ciric, Abdolmohamad Rostami
Journal: Nature Immunology (2007)
Diagnostic procedures in patients with superior vena cava syndrome
Authors: A. S. Teirstein
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Understandably, the swollen plethoric face, the conjunctival edema of chemosis, and the distended neck veins and collaterals that indicate superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) provoke visions of impending catastrophe. Usually, the radiotherapist or oncologist is summoned to administer emergency treatment, frequently in patients without a proved diagnosis of neoplastic disease. Thereafter, diagnostic procedures may be complicated by radiation reaction, and tissue alterations owing to cytotoxic therapy may impair histological interpretation. If the same patient had presented with a mediastinal mass, but no SVCS, his physician would have embarked on a careful plan of investigation. Perhaps he would employ one or more radiological and radionuclide procedures, but eventually a biopsy would be performed to establish specific histological diagnosis. At least 50% of all patients with SVCS have primary carcinoma of the lung (increasingly, small cell carcinoma). Approximately 15% have lymphoma, 15% have other malignant neoplasms, and 15% have benign disease such
A double-blind randomized trial of docetaxel plus vandetanib versus docetaxel plus placebo in platinum-pretreated advanced urothelial cancer.
Authors: T. K. Choueiri, U. N. Vaishampayan, E. Y. Yu, D. I. Quinn, N. M. Hahn, T. E. Hutson, R. W. Ross, J. E. Rosenberg, S. J. Jacobus, P. W. Kantoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

LBA239 Background: Vandetanib (V) is a novel small-molecule inhibitor that targets key signaling pathways in cancer including VEGF and EGF. V in combination with docetaxel (D) was assessed in patients (pts) who received prior platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced urothelial cancer (UC). Methods: Patients eligible for this randomized, multicenter, double-blind, investigator-initiated trial had metastatic UC after failure of prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Up to 3 prior therapies were allowed including paclitaxel. The primary objective was to determine whether once-daily oral V (100 mg) + D (75 mg/m 2 IV q21 days) prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) vs. placebo (P) + D (80% power to detect 60% improvement in median PFS with 1-sided α=0.05). Patients on D+P, had the option to cross over to single agent V. Overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), stable disease (SD), and safety were secondary objectives. Results: One-hundred and forty-two pts were enrolled at 16 institutions, 68% men; median age 65y; ECOG PS 0/1: 52%/48%; visceral involvement: 66%. 80% of patients had ECOG PS 1 and/or visceral metastases. 44% of patients had 2 or more prior systemic therapies and 15% had prior paclitaxel. Baseline characteristics were balanced in both arms. Median PFS was 11.1 weeks (wks) for D+V arm vs. 6.9 wks for D+P arm (HR=1.04, p=0.92). Median OS was 25.4 wks for the D+V arm vs. 30.6 wks for the D+P arm (HR 1.21, p=0.35). ORR was 7.1% for the D+V arm vs. 11.1% for the D+P arm (OR=0.6, 90% CI [0.2–1.6]). SD or better rates were 50.0% vs. 37.5% on D+V and D+P, respectively. As of December 2010, 5 pts were on therapy and 70% of pts died. Median follow-up for pts still alive is 7.2 months. Treatment-related grade &gt;3 toxicities for D+V arm was 60% vs. 36% for the D+P arm (p=0.055) and were generally manageable (grade 4, 14% vs. 11%). Grade &gt;3 toxicities that were more commonly seen in the D+V arm were rash/photosensitivity (11% vs. 0%) and diarrhea (7% vs. 0%). Conclusions: In this platinum-pretreated population of advanced UC, the addition of vandetanib to docetaxel did not result in a significant improvement in PFS, ORR or OS. Toxicities were greater but manageable. [Table: see text]
Morphological characteristics and human papillomavirus genotype predict the treatment response in cutaneous warts
Authors: G.K. Hogendoorn, S.C. Bruggink, M.N.C. de Koning, J.A.H. Eekhof, K.E. Hermans, R. Rissmann, J. Burggraaf, R. Wolterbeek, K.D. Quint, S.T.P. Kouwenhoven, J.N. Bouwes Bavinck
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Skin warts are highly prevalent in both children and adults. They are caused by a virus called ‘human papilloma virus’ (HPV). Only around half of skin warts disappear after treatment. This study was performed to predict the type of HPV in warts and more importantly, to predict which warts are likely to disappear after treatment. Therefore, features both of patients and their warts were studied. A new standard tool for warts (the CWARTS diagnostic tool) was used to score the appearance of the wart and 23 different virus types were tested. The treatments that were used were monochloroacetic acid, cryotherapy or a combination of cryotherapy and salicylic acid. In total, 311 warts of 159 patients were studied. Black dots in a wart suggested presence of HPV. If warts contained HPV2, HPV27 or HPV57 they responded less often to most treatments. However this did not apply to warts located on the hands or body if they were treated with cryotherapy. Warts that show callus or are deeper located on the skin were less responsive to cryotherapy. To summarize, the appearance of warts and the type of HPV they contain influence the chance of healing. Therefore, in the future it might be important for medics to take this into account when choosing a treatment option for common and plantar warts.
OPPOSITION TO ORGANIZATION: WHY?
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract LB-183: Sensitivity of cancer cells to oncolytic viruses is defined by IWS1 phosphorylation dependent epigenetic regulation of U2AF2 splicing and nucleocytoplasmic export of type I IFN transcripts
Authors: Georgios I. Laliotis, Adam D. Kenney, Arturo Orlacchio, Vincenzo Coppola, Jacob S. Yount, Philip N. Tsichlis
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract We have previously shown that phosphorylation of IWS1 by AKT (primarily AKT3) at Ser720/Thr721 promotes the binding of SETD2 to an Spt6/IWS1/Aly-Ref transcription elongation complex. This complex is bound via Spt6 to the Ser2-phosphorylated CTD of RNA Pol II. We have also shown that this results in the AKT-dependent trimethylation of Histone H3 at K36, a histone modification that contributes to the regulation of alternative splicing, and that this splicing pathway plays an important role in lung cancer. Here, we show that one of the genes targeted for alternative splicing via this mechanism is U2AF2, which encodes the splicing factor U2AF65. The predominant alternatively spliced U2AF2 transcript in cells which have lost IWS1, and in cells in which IWS1 is not phosphorylated, lacks exon 2, which encodes the SR domain of U2AF65. U2AF65 lacking the SR domain does not bind Prp19, a member of a seven-protein complex, which also contributes to RNA processing. U2AF65 and Prp19, along with the TREX complex, bind Cytoplasmic Accumulation Response Elements (CAR-E) in naturally intronless mRNAs and promotes their nucleocytoplasmic export. Examples of mRNAs whose transport is regulated by this mechanism include IFNα1, IFNβ1, HSPBP3 and c-Jun. Based on these data, we predicted that the production of type I IFNs would be dependent on IWS1 phosphorylation by AKT and that inhibition of this pathway would lead to increased sensitivity of cells to virus infection. Indeed, type I IFN production was decreased in such cells and infection with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) was accordingly increased. In addition, whereas U2AF65 binds CAR-E elements in the RNA of type I interferons independent of IWS1 phosphorylation, the binding of Prp19 to the same RNA elements occured only in cells expressing AKT-phosphorylated IWS1. These data identify a mechanism by which AKT inhibits viral infection and suggest that inhibition of the AKT/IWS1 axis will increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to infection by oncolytic viruses. Citation Format: Georgios I. Laliotis, Adam D. Kenney, Arturo Orlacchio, Vincenzo Coppola, Jacob S. Yount, Philip N. Tsichlis. Sensitivity of cancer cells to oncolytic viruses is defined by IWS1 phosphorylation dependent epigenetic regulation of U2AF2 splicing and nucleocytoplasmic export of type I IFN transcripts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-183.
NEW METHODS FOR STIMULATING THE HEALING OF WOUNDS
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal