tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Uncertainties of cervical cytology.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Uncertainties of Cervical CytologyThough the use of cervical cytology is familiar as a means of detecting cancer of the uterine cervix, the reasons for the controversy it continues to arouse are less well understood.The misunderstanding is not over its use in the diagnosis of invasive cervical cancer but over its value in the screening of healthy women.Nor is it simply the interpretation of the evidence that is debatable, for it is beset by some of the other problems which often surround the introduction of a new procedure.These problems, neither inevitable nor peculiar to cervical cytology, deserve attention.To detect cancer in a preinvasive and curative stage is an appealing prospect, and, aided sometimes by public and political pressure, screening has become popular in many places.In England and Wales about 2 million smears are now examined yearly,' and in the United States 15 million women are estimated to have had at least one smear taken.2Such figures speak of the elaborate services which now exist to deal with such a volume of work.About 5 per 1,000 women are found to have carcinoma-in-situ, and most of them are then surgically treated.Thesemeasures its, advocates affirm, must save lives.Yet even after 20 years of effort there is a lack of convincing evidence that they have reduced mortality from cancer of the cervix anywhere in the world, though mortality has been declining even where there has been little or no screening.Ways of reconciling this disappointing state of affairs with a continued belief in screening are not difficult to imagine, and they have been scrupulously discussed by successive reviewers.Firstly, it may still be too early for the benefits to appear, and, secondly, the wrong women may have been screened.As to the first explanation, it is true that we know little of either the rate of progression or the frequency ofregression of carcinoma- in-situ.Both invasive cancer (irrespective of the presence of symptoms) and in-situ lesions may give positive smears.The distinction depends on a measure (histological examination of a surgical specimen) which is also curative of cervical carcinoma- in-situ.Thus we cannot know anything directly of its natural history in the absence of treatment.As to the second explanation, that the wrong women are being tested, it is general experience that the women who offer themselves for cervical screening belong to a low-risk group of relatively high socio-economic class.Unfortunately it is not possible to estimate how low is the risk.Not only have social details seldom been noted at screening, but women self- selected from a given socio-economic class may be far from typical of the group as a whole.It is at least conceivable, therefore, that the low rates of clinical disease reported in
Abstract 3394: Diagnosis of intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and multi-entric (MC) carcinogenesis by novel mutational signature in patients with multiple and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas
Authors: Pinghua Yang, Shilei Bai, Yanpeng Zhang, Zhihao Xie, Zhangjun Cheng, Jie Yang, Jun Li, Jiaqian Wang, Zhengqing Lei, Yong Xia, Kui Wang, Zheng Li, Baohua Zhang, Xuying Wan, Mengchao Wu, Feng Shen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common solid tumor worldwide and represents the third leading cause of cancer death. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have poor prognosis because of frequent multi-centric (MC) and intrahepatic metastasis (IM). The discrimination between MC and IM is profoundly important for interpreting tumorigenesis and treatment decision making. However, it is difficult to correctly estimate by histological. Previous studies suggest that HBV integration sites, mitochondrial D-loop mutations, microsatellite loss of heterozygosity (MSI LOH) may provide more accurate information. Paired two tumor lesions and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 10 HBV-position patients were collected for whole genome sequencing. The proportion of shared somatic SNV among the tumor lesions was used to separate MC and IM groups. 4 of 10 patients with shared mutation rate higher than 10% (15.89-49.48%) were identified as IMs. 6 patients with shared mutation rate lower than 10% (0.33-1.97%) were identified as MCs. We also used shared HBV integration rate, mitochondrial D-loop, MSI LOH, diameter ratio to identify IM and MC. The coincidence rates between shared mutation rate and shared HBV integration rate, mitochondrial D-loop, MSI LOH, diameter ratio is 88.89%, 77.78%, 88.89%, and 90%, respectively. It suggests that the diameter ratio of multiple HCCs provide a no-invasion method in clonality analysis. Finally, we developed a panel covering 1M regions to replace whole-genome sequencing to identify IM and MC. We validated the shared mutation rate of target panel region in another 19 whole-genome sequencing HCC patients with multiple tumor lesions from ICGC. A consistent rate of 94.74% in shared mutation rate between target panel region and whole genome region, indicated that for patients with resectable multiple HCCs, sequencing-based molecular diagnosis using somatic single nucleotide variation information showed higher sensitivity compared to previous techniques. And a smaller size of target panel contains adequate information is more cost-effective approach for clinical decision making. Citation Format: Pinghua Yang, Shilei Bai, Yanpeng Zhang, Zhihao Xie, Zhangjun Cheng, Jie Yang, Jun Li, Jiaqian Wang, Zhengqing Lei, Yong Xia, Kui Wang, Zheng Li, Baohua Zhang, Xuying Wan, Mengchao Wu, Feng Shen. Diagnosis of intrahepatic metastasis (IM) and multi-entric (MC) carcinogenesis by novel mutational signature in patients with multiple and recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3394.
Nursing
Authors: J. Weststrate, E. Markiewicz, J. P. Sculier, B. Björnestam, G. Frisén, C. Hernández, F. Burgos, M. Elebiary, D. Núñez, E. Gomez, R. Rodríguez-Roisin, E. Rodríguez, F. Merino, M. J. Durá, C. García, J. M. Revuelta, S. Rezola, C. Diez, M. Riera, M. Bertomeu, A. Berrueta, M. Bisly
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Results of Testing Fifteen Glycol Ethers in a Short-Term in Vivo Reproductive Toxicity Assay
Authors: Ronald L. Schuler, Bryan D. Hardin, Richard W. Niemeier, Gary Booth, Keith Hazelden, Vincent Piccirillo, Kirby Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Fifteen glycol ethers were investigated for their potential to cause adverse reproductive toxic effects using an in vivo mouse screening bioassay. Pregnant mice were orally dosed once per day on days 7 through 14 of gestation at concentrations causing 0 to 41% maternal mortality. Reproductive endpoints included pup survival in utero (percent of live litters/pregnant survivors), pup perinatal and postnatal survival (number of live pups per litter, number of dead pups per litter, and pup survival to 2.5 days of age), and pup body weight statistics (weight at birth and weight at 2.5 days of age). The study was conducted in two phases: a dose range-finding phase using nonpregnant female mice, and a definitive reproductive phase using time-mated mice. The range-finding phase sought to identify, for each chemical, the maternal LD10 as the target dose. However, based upon reproductive phase results, such an exact dose was impractical to achieve. Thus, a range from the LD5 to the LD20 was considered a sufficient challenge dose that would not affect results due to high mortality, i.e., greater than the LD20. Glycol ethers were assigned to groups having different priorities for further testing based upon whether a sufficient challenge dose was administered and the degree of effects recorded for each chemical.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Methods to Identify and Characterize Developmental Neurotoxicity for Human Health Risk Assessment. III: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations
Authors: David C. Dorman, Sandra L. Allen, Janusz Z. Byczkowski, Luz Claudio, J. Edward Fisher, Jeffrey W. Fisher, G. Jean Harry, Abby A. Li, Susan L. Makris, Stephanie Padilla, Lester G. Sultatos, Beth E. Mileson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We review pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that should be considered in the design and interpretation of developmental neurotoxicity studies.Toxicologic effects on the developing nervous system depend on the delivered dose, exposure duration, and developmental stage at which exposure occurred.Several pharmacokinetic processes (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) govern chemical disposition within the dam and the nervous system of the offspring.In addition, unique physical features such as the presence or absence of a placental barrier and the gradual development of the blood-brain barrier influence chemical disposition and thus modulate developmental neurotoxicity.Neonatal exposure may depend on maternal pharmacokinetic processes and transfer of the xenobiotic through the milk, although direct exposure may occur through other routes (e.g., inhalation).Measurement of the xenobiotic in milk and evaluation of biomarkers of exposure or effect following exposure can confirm or characterize neonatal exposure.Physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models that incorporate these and other determinants can estimate tissue dose and biologic response following in utero or neonatal exposure.These models can characterize dose-response relationships and improve extrapolation of results from animal studies to humans.In addition, pharmacologic data allow an experimenter to determine whether exposure to the test chemical is adequate, whether exposure occurs during critical periods of nervous system development, whether route and duration of exposure are appropriate, and whether developmental neurotoxicity can be differentiated from direct actions of the xenobiotic.
Hyperactive Children
Authors: Esther K. Sleator
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Long-term, continuous follow-up of hyperactive children under treatment was instituted with the use of a monthly, quantified teachers student rating scale and the insertion of a placebo month per year. All subjects receiving medication had previously been shown to be benefited by stimulants. After two years of follow-up with 42 subjects, 26% were able to function well without drugs; 40% were still benefited by medication. Physicians treating such children should periodically try drug-free periods during the school year. (<i>JAMA</i>229:316-317, 1974)
METHOD FOR INSERTION OF FRACTIONAL GASTRIC TUBE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Exchange
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Section Registration
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. A report of two cases
Authors: J. I. Spector
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Two patients with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy had lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, rash, dysproteinemia, constitutional symptoms, and typical morphologic findings of lymph node obliteration by immunoblasts and plasma cells, proliferation of arborizing vessels, and infiltration with amorphous, eosinophilic material. One patient had massive pulmonary infiltrates that responded to steroid therapy early in the course of the disease, but recurred and were found, at autopsy, to represent immunoblastic invasion of the lung. In both cases, a severe peripheral neuropathy developed during the course of the disease. One patient was addicted to dextroamphetamine for 20 years. Response to corticosteroids and cytotoxic therapy was initially rapid and complete, but refractoriness developed as seen in postmortem findings of extensive visceral involvement. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1263-1265, 1977)
Outbreak of Shigella flexneri 2a Infections on a Cruise Ship
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Looking at Cancer
Authors: A. Raventos
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1969)

â€oe¿ The fluorinated pyrimidines were synthesized in 1957 and have shown in hibitory activity against the growth of bacteria, transplanted solid tumors, leukemia in experimental animals, and human tumor cells in vitro.The com mercially available analogue, 5-fluorouracil, inhibits thymidylate synthetase, the enzyme necessary for the methylation of 2'-deoxyuridylic acid to form thymi dylic acid, a precursor of DNA.5-Fluorouracil is also incorporated into RNA; however, the former mechanism is thought to provide its principal cytocidal activity.â€•In this concise style, E. M. Jacobs and others (University of
Section 25.—Neuropathic Joint Disease (Charcot Joints)
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and chemotherapy (CT) in patients with a locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) controlled after 4 months of gemcitabine with or without erlotinib: Final results of the international phase III LAP 07 study.
Authors: Pascal Hammel, Florence Huguet, Jean-Luc Van Laethem, David Goldstein, Bengt Glimelius, Pascal Artru, Ivan Borbath, Olivier Bouche, Jenny Shannon, Thierry André, Laurent Mineur, Benoist Chibaudel, Franck Bonnetain, Christophe Louvet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

LBA4003 Background: CRT in patients with LAPC controlled after induction CT could be superior to continuing CT (Huguet, JCO 2007). The role of erlotinib is unknown. We aimed to define the role of 1) CRT after disease control with gemcitabine, 2) erlotinib in LAPC. Methods: LAPC PS 0-2 patients were first randomized to gemcitabine alone or plus erlotinib 100 mg/d for 4 months (R1, stratification: center, PS). Patients with controlled disease were then randomized to 2 additional months of CT (Arm 1) or CRT (Arm 2) 54 Gy and capecitabine 1600 mg/m 2 /d (R2, stratification: center, initial arm). Patients receiving erlotinib at R1 had maintenance with this drug after protocol completion. Quality control for radiotherapy included dummy runs and assessment of treated patients. Primary objective: overall survival (OS) in R2 patients. Secondary objectives: role of erlotinib on OS (R1), tolerance, predictive markers, and circulating tumor cells. Taking into account a 30% progression rate between R1 and R2, and 5% lost to follow-up, 722 patients were required to observe 392 deaths to show a median OS increase from 9 to 12 m (HR=0.75) in the CRT arm (2 sided α=5% and β=20%) with planned interim analyses using alpha spending function and O’Brien Fleming boundaries (to reject H0 or H1). Kaplan-Meier, log rank and univariate Cox tests were used. Results: From 442 pts included for R1, 269 pts reached R2 (arm1:136; arm 2:133). Main baseline characteristics in arms 1/2: female 44%/56%, mean age 63/62, head tumor 65%/62%, PS 0 56%/48%. After a median follow-up of 36 m, 221 deaths had occurred allowing the planned interim analysis (information fraction 56.4%). OS in R2 pts was 16.5 m [15.5-18.5] and 15.3 m [13.9–17.3] in arms 1 and 2, respectively (HR=1.03 [0.79-1.34], p=0.83). IDMC has confirmed that the futility boundary for the hypothesis of CRT superiority was crossed and considered this as the final analysis of the study. Conclusions: Administering CRT is not superior to continuing CT in patients with controlled LAPC after 4 months of CT. Clinical trial information: NCT00634725.
Subcostal ecocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy in older populations.
Authors: Mauro Di Bari, Maria C Cavallini, Walter De Alfieri, Francesca Salti, Giorgio J Baldereschi, Riccardo Pini, Giulio Masotti, Niccolo’ Marchionni
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P27 Background: Left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy is a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, the echocardiographic evaluation of LV mass from the parasternal (PS) approach is frequently limited in older, obese or emphysematous individuals. This poses a selection bias to the epidemiological assessment of LV hypertrophy. Methods: In order to assess whether the subcostal (SC) view may reliably substitute the PS view to evaluate LV mass in older adults, 614 unselected persons aged ≥65 years participating in a population-based survey on heart failure in the elderly, and 54 randomly selected healthy individuals 35-64 years old, underwent a complete echocardiographic examination including M-mode PS and SC scanning. Results: Overall, both PS and SC views were available for LV mass estimate (Devereux’s formula) in 314 subjects(age: 69.9±0.5 years, mean±SEM) with normal LV kinetics and sinus rhythm. The SC view underestimated (p&lt;0.001) LV diastolic dimension (LVDD) and overestimated (p&lt;0.012) free wall thickness (FWT), whereas septum thickness was similar in the two views. As a consequence, LV mass was underestimated from the SC view (76.2±1.2 g/m 2 ) as compared to the PS view (87.9±1.4 g/m 2 ; p&lt;0.001). The SC view was 99% specific but only 25% sensitive for the diagnosis of LV hypertrophy (LV mass &gt;116 and &gt;104 g/m 2 in men and women, respectively), based on the PS view. When age, body weight and gender were entered in multivariate regression models with the SC measures, the first two variables significantly contributed to the prediction of both LVDD and FWT, and gender only to the prediction of LVDD. LV mass was recalculated using measures from the SC view, corrected on the basis of the regression equations. The corrected value did not differ from that obtained from the PS view and the sensitivity of the SC view for the diagnosis of LV hypertrophy increased to 51% with unmodified specificity (98%). Conclusions: The SC view significantly underestimates LV mass. However, correction for simple demographic and anthropometric variables greatly improves its reliability for estimating LV mass and hypertrophy in unselected older adults.
A Phase I Study with the Bispecific Anti-CD30 × Anti-CD16A Antibody Construct AFM13 in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma,
Authors: Achim Rothe, Anas Younes, Katrin S. Reiners, Markus Dietlein, Dennis A. Eichenauer, Joerg Kessler, Max S. Topp, Horst Hummel, Miroslav Ravic, Christian Hucke, Elke Pogge von Strandmann, Andreas Engert
Journal: Blood (2011)