tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial of RAD001 plus carboplatin in patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: J. C. Singh, S. Stein, M. Volm, J. A. Smith, Y. Novik, J. L. Speyer, S. Adams, M. I. Meyers, F. Muggia, R. Schneider, S. Formenti, S. Davis, H. Choi, A. Tiersten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

293 Background: RAD001 is an oral mTOR inhibitor that has exhibited activity in breast cancer. Triple negative breast cancer cells are unable to repair double stranded DNA breaks and hence have sensitivity to platinum agents that cause interstrand cross-links. Rapamycin acts synergistically with platinum agents to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in at least two different breast cancer cell lines (including ER/PR negative cell lines). We propose that combination RAD001 and carboplatin may have activity in triple-negative breast cancer. Methods: The primary objective of the study is to determine clinical benefit (complete remission; CR, partial remission; PR and stable disease; SD) and the toxicity of this combination in women with triple negative metastatic breast cancer who had received 0-3 prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease. Prior carboplatin was allowed. Women with treated brain metastasis were eligible. Secondary objectives were to determine progression free survival. According to the original study plan, carboplatin AUC 6, was to be given intravenously every three weeks. 5 mg of RAD001 was to be given daily with a 3 patient run-in and then 10 mg daily if there were no dose-limiting toxicities. Due to a surprising amount of thrombocytopenia with this combination the dose of carboplatin was first amended to AUC 5 and most recently to AUC 4 with 5 mg of RAD001 (and no plan to escalate to 10 mg). Results: Eleven patients of a planned 25 have been recruited thus far. Median age is 62. Median number of prior regimens is 1. Of the 6 patients assessable for response at this time, four have SD and two have had a PR. 1 SD was achieved in a patient progressing on prior carboplatin at study entry. Five of 7 patients assessable for toxicity had grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia and 2 patients had grade 3 neutropenia. All patients have had treatment held and/or dose reductions secondary to hematological toxicity. There have been no non-hematological grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Conclusions: Clinical benefit was observed in all 6 evaluable patients. Dose limiting thrombocytopenia was an unexpected side effect requiring protocol amendment. We continue to accrue study subjects at the amended dosing.
Conservative treatment vs radical surgery for superficial cancer of the bladder
Authors: H. J. Jewett
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The aim of treatment of a patient with cancer of the bladder is to remove all of the cancer cells, and, if possible, to preserve the bladder if it can be made healthy and reasonably comfortable. But one's preoccupation with saving the bladder should not be permitted to jeopardize the patient's chance for cure. It therefore is obvious that one must be able to make an accurate distinction between a tumor that can be removed completely from the bladder and one that requires removal of the entire organ. Over the last 20 years, urologists have repeatedly demonstrated that chances for five-year survivorships after cystectomy are nearly always considerably better when pathological sections through the vesical wall show that invasion has not reached the halfway point in the underlying muscularis. These are the superficial cancers, and many, if not most, are best treated conservatively. The difficult problem, however, is to determine
Impaired osmoregulation at high altitude. Studies on Mt Everest
Authors: F. D. Blume
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Osmoregulation was studied in 13 mountaineers who had experienced long-term exposure to high altitude on Mt Everest. Serum osmolality rose from 290± 1 mOsm/kg to 295 ±2 mOsm/kg at 5,400 m and finally to 302 ±4 mOsm/kg at 6,300 m after a mean of 26.5 days above 5,400 m. Despite this degree of osmoconcentration, plasma arginine-vasopressin concentration remained unchanged: 1.1± 0.1 μU/mL at sea level, 0.8 ± 0.1 μU/mL at 5,400 m, and 0.9±0.1 μU/mL at 6,300 m. Urinary vasopressin excretion was also similar at all three altitudes. We conclude that prolonged exposure to high altitude may result in persistent impairment of osmoregulation, caused in part by an inappropriate arginine-vasopressin response to hyperosmolality. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:524-526)
Summers
Authors: Phyllis K. Collier
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Decline of Psychoanalysis
Authors: Jacob H. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE Freudian revolution had achieved all of its goals by 1939, the year that Freud died. An editorial in<i>JAMA</i>of that year, summed up Freud's major contributions and acknowledged that "Psychoanalysis has become firmly established in psychology, education and medicine."<sup>1</sup>As Appel wrote, "It had become a collection of clinical observations, a series of hypotheses, the name of a variety of schools of psychoanalysis, as well as, a cultural phenomenon and a philosophy of life."<sup>2</sup> Here at last was a psychology with clout. It was dynamic, promised to get to the bottom of things, and showed the dark side of the mind. It boasted of many freshly coined concepts, the Castration Complex, Oedipus Conflict, and the Libido. It described a Censor, the Superego, Id, and an amoral, alogical Unconscious, which could overpower one while awake or asleep. What came down to the man-in-the street was that, "All
PLoS Medicine Issue Image | Vol. 6(5) May 2009
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

In the editorial for the May issue the PLoS Medicine editors discuss how clinical research could help to promote better sexual health for all. From the growing burden of sexually transmitted infections to the unmet contraceptive needs of specific groups, sexual health problems are complex, as they sit at the intersection of health, culture, religion, and politics. The editorial draws particular attention to unmet contraceptive needs and unsafe sex, which both figure in the top 20 risk factors for mortality and burden of disease and have been included in PLoS Medicine's recently announced priority areas for publication. Key PLoS Medicine papers that highlight some of the varied themes in sexual health are also highlighted. The editorial concludes that "It is time to realign research and policy making to promote better sexual health for all." Image Credit: Michael Massacre at flickr.com
State Medical Associations and Examinations and Licensure
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence-based journal watch
Authors: Martin P Schwellnus
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

▶ Kazemi M, Azma K, Tavana B, et al. Autologous blood versus corticosteroid local injection in the short-term treatment of lateral elbow tendinopathy. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2010;89:660–7.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] ### Background A number of treatment modalities have been suggested for the management of chronic lateral epicondylopathy ('tennis' elbow). ### Research question/s Does a local autologous blood injection improve pain and function more than a local corticosteroid injection in patients with lateral elbow tendinopathy? ### Methodology Subjects 60 patients with lateral epicondylopathy ('tennis' elbow) (27–64 years). Experimental procedure All the subjects were assessed (pain (VAS-severity in last 24 h; pain and strength in maximum grip; pressure pain threshold), disability (arm, shoulder, and hand quick questionnaire – Quick DASH scores; modified Nirschl scores)) and then randomised to either injection with either methylprednisolone (CORT group=30; male=4, 20 mg and 1 ml lidocaine) or autologous blood group (AB group=30; male=7; 2 ml blood and 1 ml lidocaine). Re-assessment were conducted at 4 and 8 weeks postinjection. Measures of outcome Pain, DASH score, Nirschl score, muscle strength and pressure pain threshold. ### Main finding/s 4 weeks There was a significantly greater improvement in pain (p=0.001), pain in grip (p=0.002), pressure pain threshold (p=0.031), and Quick DASH questionnaire score (p=0.004) in the AB compared with the CORT group. 8 weeks There was a significantly greater improvement of outcome measures in the AB compared with the CRT group (all p values <0.001). ### Conclusion/s In a short-term (8 weeks) randomised, … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAmerican%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bphysical%2Bmedicine%2B%2526%2Brehabilitation%2B%252F%2BAssociation%2Bof%2BAcademic%2BPhysiatrists%26rft.stitle%253DAm%2BJ%2BPhys%2BMed%2BRehabil%26rft.aulast%253DKazemi%26rft.auinit1%253DM.%26rft.volume%253D89%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D660%26rft.epage%253D667%26rft.atitle%253DAutologous%2Bblood%2Bversus%2Bcorticosteroid%2Blocal%2Binjection%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bshort-term%2Btreatment%2Bof%2Blateral%2Belbow%2Btendinopathy%253A%2Ba%2Brandomized%2Bclinical%2Btrial%2Bof%2Befficacy.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1097%252FPHM.0b013e3181ddcb31%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F20463564%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1097/PHM.0b013e3181ddcb31&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=20463564&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fbjsports%2F45%2F12%2F1010.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000280115400007&link_type=ISI
Short-Term Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening Modulates Histone Lysine Methylation at the Early Phase of Somatic Cell Reprogramming
Authors: Zhongfu Ying, Ge Xiang, Lingjun Zheng, Haite Tang, Lifan Duan, Xiaobing Lin, Qiuge Zhao, Keshi Chen, Yi Wu, Guangsuo Xing, Yiwang Lv, Linpeng Li, Liang Yang, Feixiang Bao, Qi Long, Yanshuang Zhou, Xueying He, Yaofeng Wang, Minghui Gao, Duanqing Pei, Wai-Yee Chan, Xingguo Liu
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2019)
RIO DE JANEIRO
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SCARLATINA.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Renal osteodystrophy. Unusual roentgenologic manifestation
Authors: B. A. Idelson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A patient undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for more than four years had diffuse bone pain and was found to have multiple, lytic bone lesions on x-ray film. Absence of subperiosteal bone resorption led to a presumptive diagnosis of metastatic neoplasm. The bone biopsy specimen showed a brown tumor. Parathyroid exploration showed four diffusely hyperplastic glands, consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism. To our knowledge, brown tumors without subperiosteal bone resorption have not been reported in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. (<i>JAMA</i>230:870-872, 1974)
Rodent Linked to Epidemic of Bolivian Viral Illness
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer Investigators Hear of Chemotherapeutic Advances, Protein Test, Carcinogens in City Air
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of ritanserin, a selective and specific S2-serotonergic antagonist, on portal pressure and splanchnic hemodynamics in rats with long-term bile duct ligation
Authors: M Fernández
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

This study investigated the short-term effects of ritanserin, a selective and specific S2-serotonergic antagonist, in an experimental model of cirrhosis and intrahepatic portal hypertension caused by long-term bile duct ligation and division and in normal control rats. The rats subjected to bile duct ligation were randomized under blind conditions into two groups to receive ritanserin (0.7 mg/kg body wt, intravenously; n = 10) or the same volume of placebo (isotonic saline solution; n = 10). We performed hemodynamic studies with radiolabeled microspheres 60 min after drug administration. Two groups of normal rats (n = 6) were studied after they received ritanserin or placebo. Ritanserin administration to rats subjected to bile duct ligation significantly reduced portal pressure (from 16.2 ± 1.3 mm Hg to 12.3 ± 0.7 mm Hg; mean decrease, 22% ± 5%; p < 0.05). This reduction was associated with lower portal venous resistance (4.3 ± 0.5 mm Hg ± min. 100 gm/ml in the placebo group vs. 3.1 ± 0.3 mm Hg. min. 100 gm/ml in rats given ritanserin; mean decrease, 28%; p = 0.069), but we saw no changes in portal vein inflow (3.9 ± 0.5 ml/min ± 100 gm vs. 4.4 ± 0.4 ml/min ± 100 gm), mean arterial pressure (110 ± 9 mm Hg vs. 102 ± 9 mm Hg) and cardiac index (32.9 ± 2.7 ml/min ± 100 gm vs. 40.5 ± 6.7 ml/min ± 100 gm). Hepatic arterial and kidney blood flows were not modified by ritanserin. Ritanserin had no systemic or splanchnic effects in normal rats. Our results demonstrate that ritanserin infusion decreases portal pressure without any systemic hemodynamic change in rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension. These findings provide further support for a role of serotonin in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension and suggest a potential use of ritanserin (alone or associated with other agents) in the pharmacological treatment of portal hypertension. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:389–393).
Combined Analysis of Molecular and Clinical Predictors of Gefitinib Activity in Advanced Non???Small Cell Lung Cancer: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations Do Not Tell the Whole Story
Authors: Athanassios Argiris, Thomas Hensing, Anjana Yeldandi, Smita Patel, Adekunle Raji, Charles Sturgis, Gregory Masters, William Gooding, Michael Pins, Jill Kolesar
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2006)
Die geopsyschischen Erscheinungen, Wetter und Klima, Boden und Landschaft in ihrem Einfluss auf das Seelenleben.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lack of Androgen Receptor Expression in Sertoli Cells Accounts for the Absence of Anti-Mullerian Hormone Repression during Early Human Testis Development
Authors: Kahina Boukari, Geri Meduri, Sylvie Brailly-Tabard, Jean Guibourdenche, Maria Luisa Ciampi, Nathalie Massin, Laetitia Martinerie, Jean-Yves Picard, Rodolfo Rey, Marc Lombès, Jacques Young
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Puberty is associated with increased testicular testosterone (TT) synthesis, which is required to trigger spermatogenesis and to repress anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) production. However, testicular gonadotropin stimulation during fetal and newborn life neither initiates spermatogenesis nor represses AMH. We postulated that a lack of androgen receptor (AR) expression in Sertoli cells (SC) might explain why these processes do not occur during early human development. Using immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR we examined the relationship between AR, AMH and FSH receptor (FSHR) expression in fetal, newborn and adult human testis. The ability of T to repress AMH secretion was evaluated in male newborns, neonates and two adults with androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and also in vitro using SMAT1 Sertoli cells. FSHR was present in SC at all developmental stages. In fetal and newborn testis, AR was expressed in peritubular and Leydig cells but not in SC. This coincided with the absence of spermatogenesis and with strong SC AMH expression. In adult testis, spermatogenesis was associated with AR expression and with a decrease in SC AMH content. Accordingly, AR mRNA expression was lower and AMH mRNA expression higher in fetal testes than in adult testes. In AIS patients combined gonadotropin stimulation induced an increase in circulating T and AMH, a finding consistent with a failure of TT to repress AMH in the absence of AR signalling. Finally, direct androgen repression of AMH only occurred in AR-expressing SMAT1 cells. Functional androgen receptors are essential for TT-mediated AMH repression in Sertoli cells.