tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Evaluation of Chemical Biopersistence of Nonfibrous Inorganic Particles
Authors: Joseph D. Brain, John Godleski, Wolfgang Kreyling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The lung's response to deposited particles may depend upon the physical-chemical properties of the particles, the amount initially deposited, and the persistence of the particles.Clearance involves mucociliary transport as well as the action of phagocytic cells in nonciliated regions of the lung.Depending on the animal species studied, particle type, and particle load, inorganic materials are ingested by macrophages on alveolar surfaces with half-times of 0.6 to 7 hr.Particle-laden macrophages may migrate to airways, but we believe that an important mechanism of clearance is the disso- lution of particles within alveolar macrophages and the subsequent translocation of dissolved materials to the blood.Particle dissolution in situ has long been recognized but was often thought to be carried out extracellularly in the alveolar lining layer, airway mucus, or interstitial fluid.However, many particles such as cobalt oxide or iron oxide which dissolve very little in simulated lung fluid, are solubilized more rapidly within alveolar macrophages.Clearance of particles from the lungs can be followed by a number of techniques, both invasive and noninvasive.The approaches vary in expense and resolution, and can be directed toward quantifying mechanical removal of particles versus their intracellular dissolution.Noninvasive methods permit repeated measurements of particle retention in the lungs of the same animal or human and thus allow replications and serial measurements.Greater precision with respect to the sites of retention and redistribution is achieved with quantitative morphometric methods that utilize fixation followed by physically dividing the respiratory tract into individual pieces.Microwave drying or slam-freezing can eliminate the possibility of significant particle redistribution or loss of particles and dissolved elements during tissue processing.Detection of particles and there- fore evidence of clearance can rely upon any distinctive property of the aerosol.Particles may be radioactive, fluorescent, or magnetic, or may have a characteristic visual appearance.Detection techniques include radiography, analyses of radioactivity, magnetometry, and microscopic approaches such as fluorescence and confocal microscopy, X-ray emission analysis, and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS).Using these approaches, considerable evidence has been accumulated to conclude that particle dissolution in situ within alveolar macrophages and subsequent absorption by the circulation, rather than bulk transport, is the dominant mechanism for the long-term clearance of many insoluble minerals from the lungs.-
Phlebography in Superior Vena Caval Obstruction
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ALCOHOL AS A BEVERAGE.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Instructions for Authors
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
WHY LEFT LIGHT FOR READING PURPOSES?
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Predictors of positive test results in patients with cancer undergoing hepatitis B screening before chemotherapy.
Authors: Jessica Hwang, Anna S. F. Lok, Scott B. Cantor, Michael Fisch, Andrea G. Barbo, Heather Y. Lin, Maria E. Suarez-Almazor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20704 Background: Optimal hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening strategies for patients with cancer awaiting chemotherapy are unknown. We aimed to identify predictors of HBV infection in a large cohort of patients with cancer who were systematically screened for HBV before chemotherapy. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with cancer at MD Anderson Cancer Center awaiting first administration of chemotherapy in an outpatient chemotherapy unit were identified and approached for HBV screening. Enrolled patients completed a CDC risk survey and had blood tests to screen for HBV (HBsAg, anti-HBc) and hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) infection. We developed a logistic regression model to identify clinical predictors of either chronic (HBsAg+/anti-HBc+) or past (HBsAg-/anti-HBc+) HBV infection. Model fit was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results: From July 2013 to December 2014, 2084 patients (mean [SD] age, 58 [13] years) completed the risk survey and had HBV screening. Of these, 54% were women, 85% white, 8% black, 4% Asian, and 11% Hispanic. Nearly 20% had a hematologic malignancy, 1% liver cancer, and 79% had a solid tumor other than liver cancer. Almost 12% of patients were born outside of the US. Seven patients (0.34%) had chronic and 125 (6%) had past HBV infection. Among the latter, 13 patients were also anti-HCV+. Predictors (odds ratio [OR]; 95% CI) of having either HBsAg+ or anti-HBc+ result included black race (5; 3-8), Asian race (4; 2-8), birthplace outside the US (5; 3-8), and having lived with someone with HBV (2; 1-4). Older age and lower education level were also predictive of positive HBV test results. Patients who reported ever injecting drugs (OR 10; 5-22) or being a man currently having sex with another man (OR 29; 6-144) had a high risk of HBsAg+ or anti-HBc+ result. The area under the curve for the model predicting HBV+ tests was 0.80. Conclusions: Known HBV risk factors are predictive of chronic or past HBV infection in patients with cancer. Future model validation using bootstrapping will allow varying levels of sensitivity in order to develop best HBV screening strategies.
MISCELLANEA MEDICA
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HER2/ErbB2 Receptor Signaling in Rat and Human Prolactinoma Cells: Strategy for Targeted Prolactinoma Therapy
Authors: Hidenori Fukuoka, Odelia Cooper, Jun Mizutani, Yunguang Tong, Song-Guang Ren, Serguei Bannykh, Shlomo Melmed
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Dopamine agonist resistance or intolerance is encountered in approximately 20% of prolactinoma patients. Because HER2/ErbB2 is overexpressed in prolactinomas and ErbB receptor ligands regulate prolactin (PRL) gene expression, we tested the role of HER2/ErbB2 in prolactinoma hormone regulation and adenoma cell proliferation to assess the rationale for targeting this receptor for prolactinoma therapy. As we showed prolactinoma HER2 overexpression, we generated constitutively active HER2-stable GH3 cell transfectants (HER2CA). PRL mRNA levels were induced approximately 250-fold and PRL secretion was enhanced 100-fold in HER2CA cells, which also exhibited increased proliferation. Lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of both EGFR/ErbB1 and HER2, blocked receptor signaling, and suppressed PRL expression more than gefitinib, a TKI of EGFR/ErbB1. Lapatinib also suppressed colony formation in soft agar more than gefitinib. Oral lapatinib treatment caused tumor shrinkage and serum PRL suppression both in HER2CA transfectant-inoculated Wistar-Furth rats and in estrogen-induced Fischer344 rat prolactinomas. In cultured human cells derived from resected prolactinoma tissue, lapatinib suppressed both PRL mRNA expression and secretion. These results demonstrate that prolactinoma HER2 potently induces PRL and regulates experimental prolactinoma cell proliferation. Because pituitary HER2 signaling is abrogated by TKIs, this receptor could be an effective target for prolactinoma therapy.
Bioavailability and Biotransformation of Benzo(a)pyrene in an Isolated Perfused In Situ Catfish Intestinal Preparation
Authors: Kevin M. Kleinow, Margaret O. James, Zeen Tong, Changaram S. Venugopalan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

In the aquatic environment, diet is an important route of exposure for the common contaminant and procarcinogen benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). Dietary organisms vary in their BaP content and in contaminated areas often contain other xenobiotics including cytochrome P4501A inducers. This study examined the effect of dose and previous dietary exposure to the inducer ss-naphthoflavone (BNF) upon the intestinal metabolism of BaP and the systemic bioavailability of BaP-derived products in catfish. BaP was administered at 2 and 20 microM into in situ-isolated perfused intestines of control and BNF-pretreated catfish. The intestine formed an array of metabolites in all treatments including potentially hazardous metabolites such as BaP-7,8 and 9,10 dihydrodiols and 6-methyl-BaP. BNF treatment disproportionally increased the contribution of BaP-7,8 and 9,10 dihydrodiols relative to the contributions of other metabolites. A greater percentage of metabolites was evident as conjugates in 2 microM controls, whereas a greater percentage of unconjugated metabolites was evident for 20 microM controls and BNF treatments of both dosages. BNF pretreatment and the higher 20 microM BaP dosage resulted in greater bioavailability, with 2.6-5.5-fold and 3.0-6. 3-fold increases in systemically available BaP products, respectively. Metabolites represented 10.2-23.1% of the increased bioavailability with BNF treatment, suggesting that mechanisms, in addition to induced metabolism, may be operative. These results indicate that intestinal bioavailability, level of biotransformation, and the metabolic profile of BaP-derived products entering the blood from the intestine may be altered by dose and dietary BNF pretreatment.
Humidifier fever: a disease to look out for.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

the disease itself may change.They rightly suggest that a faulty mental "data base"-a term used by Weed6 in his crusade for better case records-is a common cause for erroneous diagnosis.Further studies of this type would also provide evidence to grade the discriminating value of different symptoms-a useful addition for any textbook.The rating for night pain in detecting duodenal ulcer or postural heartburn for diagnosing hiatus hernia would be high.A low value might be given to nausea, aerophagy, or even loss of weight-which may not occur in cancer of the stomach but does happen in those with nervous dyspepsia.'The clinician's problem is how to keep his mental "data base" up to date and so be ready to alter cherished notions about the clinical pictures of common disorders.
Natural progesterone and antihypertensive action
Authors: J W W Studd, V Parsons, M Brincat, P. Rylance
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a placebo controlled, double blind crossover study natural progesterone was given by mouth, in increasing doses, to six men and four postmenopausal women with mild to moderate hypertension who were not receiving any other antihypertensive drugs.When compared with values recorded before treatment and during administration of placebo progesterone caused a significant reduction in blood pressure, suggesting that progesterone has an antihypertensive action rather than a hypertensive one as has been previously thought.This possible protective effect of progesterone should be investigated further.
Fulminating Ulcerative Colitis with Colonic Wall Necrosis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Prenatal Halothane
Authors: Robert E. Bowman, Robert F. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Permanent neurobehavioral toxicological effects have been theorized to occur at the lowest doses of a toxic agent if exposure occurs during early development compared to exposure during adulthood. Data are reviewed showing the exposure to 10 ppm of halothane from conception to day 60 of life post-partum led to adult rats (≥ 135 days of age) which were hyperalgesic to electric footshock and which committed 30% more errors learning a light-dark discrimination to escape footshock, or learning the shortest path to a food reward in a maze. Exposure only during adulthood to 10 ppm of halothane (from day 60 of life onwards) had no effects. To determine prenatal periods sensitive to halothane, rats were exposed to 12,500 ppm of halothane (with 35% oxygen) on day 3, 10, or 17 of gestation. As adults (≥ 75 days of age) day 3- and day 10-exposed rats, but not day 17-exposed rats, were hyperalgesic and committed 40% more errors in learning a visual discrimination to escape footshock. Food and water consumption, body weight, and running wheel activity were unaffected. Finally, adult rats exposed to 10, 50, or 100 ppm of halothane from conception to day 28 postpartum had 15% less 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in brain, but normal 5-hydroxytryptophan, noradrenalin, and dopamine. The possibility is discussed that the hyperalgesia noted above results from a permanently reduced turnover of brain serotonin produced by halothane present in brain at days 10-15 of gestation.
N-Acetylcysteine as an Antidote in Methylmercury Poisoning
Authors: Nazzareno Ballatori, Michael W. Lieberman, Wei Wang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Methylmercury is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant and potent neurotoxin. Treatment of methylmercury poisoning relies almost exclusively on the use of chelating agents to accelerate excretion of the metal. The present study demonstrates that oral administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a widely available and largely nontoxic amino acid derivative, produces a profound acceleration of urinary methylmercury excretion in mice. Mice that received NAC in the drinking water (10 mg/ml) starting at 48 hr after methylmercury administration excreted from 47 to 54% of the 203Hg in urine over the subsequent 48 hr, as compared to 4-10% excretion in control animals. When NAC-containing water was given from the time of methylmercury administration, it was even more effective at enhancing urinary methylmercury excretion and at lowering tissue mercury levels. In contrast, excretion of inorganic mercury was not affected by oral NAC administration. The ability of NAC to enhance methylmercury excretion when given orally, its relatively low toxicity, and is wide availability in the clinical setting indicate that it may be an ideal therapeutic agent for use in methylmercury poisoning.
Tobacco and Health
Authors: Alister Brass
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The pharmacology of nicotine and other tobacco smoke fractions, and their effects on animal and human tissues, were discussed at the Second Research Conference on Tobacco and Health of the AMA-ERF, held in Scottsdale, Ariz, May 6 and 7, 1970. The majority of the 70 papers presented dealt with animal experiments. Many were concerned with work in progress or projects about to be undertaken. A selection of the findings reported is given below. In studies on the gastrointestinal pharmacology of nicotine, C. C. Hug, Jr., found a dose-dependent inhibition of contractile activity of both circular and longitudinal muscle in the gastric antrum, duodenum, ileum, and colon in intact dogs and monkeys. J. G. Forte reported that low levels of nicotine injected intravenously into rats had no effect on the gastric secretory response to cholinergic mediators, although high levels of nicotine either greatly reduced or completely abolished the hydrochloric acid secretory
Interaction of alkylmercuric compounds with sodium selenite. I. Metabolism of ethylmercuric chloride administered alone and in combination with sodium selenite in rats
Authors: E A Brzeźnicka, J Chmielnicka
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The effect of sodium selenite administered intragastrically in repeated doses to rats receiving ethylmercuric chloride po in various repeated doses (0.25 or 2.5 mg Hg/kg) on the excretion, whole-body retention, and organ distribution of mercury was studied.Selenium was found to affect the distribution of ethylmercury among tissues and subcellular fractions of the kidneys and liver as well as its binding to proteins of soluble fractions in these organs.Similarities and differences between the effect of interaction of sodium selenite with ethylmercuric chloride and methylmercury as well as inorganic mercury are also discussed.