tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction
Authors: M Williams
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

An Assessment of Dapsone Toxicity in the Guinea-pigSm,-Prompted by the neuropathy apparently due to dapsone in the patient described by Wyatt and Stevens (1972) we made a small assessment of the effect of dapsone on the peripheral nerves of guinea-pigs.Six female adult albino guinea-pigs (body weight approximately 500 g) received twice weekly intramuscular injections of 4,4-diaminodiphenylsulfone (dapsone) in arachis oil for 12 weeks.Four received a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight/week, and 2 received a lower dose of 3 mg/kg body weight/week.The dose in the above patient Avas approximately 20 mg/kg body weight/week.Control guineapigs received injections of arachis oil alone.All animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks.Histological sections of the lumbar spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, dorsal and ventral roots, sciatic, posterior tibial and digital nerves, and histological and histochemical preparations of the hamstring, gastrocnemius and plantar muscles were examined.Neither clinical signs nor histological changes of a neuropathy were observed in any of these animals.The dosage used in these animals was somewhat above that required to control the rash in most patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, and well above that used in leprosy.Potential differences in sensitivity between different species make interpretation difficult, but the absence of nerve damage in the guinea-pigs would be compatible with the conclusion that the neuropathy in man is ideosyncratic rather than dose-dependent.
Chemical Carcinogenesis in the Tracheobronchial Epithelium
Authors: B. F. Trump, E. M. McDowell, C. C. Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Some of the recent work in pulmonary carcinogenesis is briefly reviewed. Morphologic studies of neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the human bronchi are compared with similar studies of carcinogenesis and epithelial regeneration in the hamster trachea. These studies suggest that bronchogenic carcinomas are typically complex mixtures of three basic phenotypes, the epidermoid and the mucous and dense-core granulated (endocrine) phenotypes. Pure forms of these phenotypes are rare, as different cells and even individual cells in single tumors express more than one phenotype. The clinical significance of such phenotypic variability is not yet known. Bronchial cell types which retain the capacity to divide include the mucous cell, the basal cell and perhaps the dense-core granulated cell. Studies of epithelial regeneration and preneoplastic lesions suggest that the mucous cell may be pivotal both in the response to injury and in carcinogenesis. Cigarette smoking is believed to be the major etiologic factor in bronchogenic carcinoma. Cigarette smoke contains initiators of carcinogenesis, but it contains a plethora of probable promoters and cocarcinogens as well. It is hypothesized that cigarette smoke may both initiate bronchial cells and promote carcinogenesis in cells which have previously been initiated by smoke or other factors. It is further hypothesized that that mucous cell is the major target for initiation and subsequent tumorigenesis. The ultimate phenotype(s) displayed by the tumor is suggested to result from the effect of microenvironmental factors upon the initiated cell and its progeny.
A phase II study of pomegranate extract for men with rising prostate-specific antigen following primary therapy.
Authors: C. J. Paller, X. Ye, P. Wozniak, B. Gillespie, P. Sieber, R. Greengold, B. Stockton, B. Hertzman, M. Efros, R. Roper, H. Liker, M. A. Carducci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4522^ Background: Pomegranate extract (POMx) demonstrates antitumor effects through antioxidants in prostate cancer (PCA). Prior work reveals an increase in PSA doubling time (PSADT) in a single arm study of pomegranate juice (POM) in PCA patients (pts) with a rising PSA after local therapy. We sought to determine the effects of 1 gram or 3 grams daily POMx on PSADT in a similar but more inclusive population of men seeking to defer androgen deprivation therapy. Methods: This multi-center, double bind phase II, dose-exploring trial randomized men with a rising PSA and without metastases to receive 1 gram or 3 grams of POMx, stratified by baseline PSADT and Gleason score, and with no restrictions for PSADT and no upper limit PSA value. Men were treated until progression or for 18 months. PSA levels were obtained every 3 months. This study was designed to detect a 6 month on study increase in PSADT from baseline on each arm. Results: 104 patients were enrolled and treated for up to 6 (92%), 12 (70%) and 18 months (36%). Median PSADT lengthened in the Intent to treat population (96% white, median age 74.5 years, median gleason score 7) from baseline 11.9 (range 1.6-54.6) compared to 18.5 (2-1523) months after treatment (p<.001).There was no significant treatment difference on PSADT between the dose groups (p=.920). Forty-three percent (41/95) of men had a post-treatment PSADT of more than 200% of baseline PSADT and no new metastases. Declining PSA levels were observed in 13 pts (13%) during the study. No significant changes occurred in testosterone in either group. Although no clinically significant toxicities were seen, mild to moderate diarrhea was seen in 8 percent of patients. Conclusions: POMx treatment significantly increased the PSADT by over 6 months in both treatment arms, with no effect on testosterone. This IND-conducted study confirms slowing of PSADT with POMx as was found with POM, yet in a more inclusive PCA patient population.
Repair of O 6 -(2-Chloroethyl)guanine Mediates the Biological Effects of Chloroethylnitrosoureas
Authors: William J. Bodell, Toshimitsu Aida, Mitchel S. Berger, Mark L. Rosenblum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Chloroethylnitrosoureas (CENUs) are alkylating and crosslinking agents used for the treatment of human cancer; they are both mutagenic and carcinogenic.We compared the levels of induction of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and the cytotoxicity of nitrosoureas that alkylate only with CENUs.CENUs are 200-fold more cytotoxic and induce SCEs with 45-fold greater efficiency than agents that do not crosslink; therefore, crosslinking is probably the most important molecular event that leads to cell death and induction of SCEs.The biological and biochemical properties of both human and rat brain tumor cells that are sensitive or resistant to the cytotoxic effects of CENUs have been investigated.CENUs induce SCEs in both sensitive and resistant cells, but to induce similar levels of SCEs, resistant cells must be treated with a 5-to 14- fold higher concentration of CENUs than are used to treat sensitive cells.Resistant cells have a higher cellular level of o6 -methylguanine-DNA methyl transferase, increased repair of o6 -methylguanine, and 50%o fewer DNA interstrand crosslinks formed than do sensitive cells treated with the same concentration of CENU.Based on these findings, we propose that cellular resistance to the cytotoxic effects of CENUs is mediated by 06-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase and that DNA repair may also modify the mu- tagenic and carcinogenic properties of CENUs.
Estrogen replacement therapy and cognitive function in older women
Authors: E. Barrett-Connor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether replacement estrogen delays or prevents loss of cognitive function in elderly women. <h3>Design.</h3> —A 15-year prospective and cross-sectional study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Rancho Bernardo, a geographically defined community in Southern California. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Eight hundred women (80% of local surviving women from the original Rancho Bernardo cohort) aged 65 to 95 years. Estrogen use was evaluated at baseline between 1972 and 1974 and at follow-up between 1988 and 1991. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Twelve tests of cognitive function from eight standard instruments administered at follow-up between 1988 and 1991. <h3>Results.</h3> —Almost half of this older, educated cohort had used estrogen at some time after menopause, and one third were current users. The age-related decrement in cognitive function was similar for women who were current, past, or never users of estrogen. Age- and education-adjusted comparisons also failed to show any consistent association between performance on tests of cognitive function and baseline, past, current, or never estrogen use; estrogen dose; or duration of use. Among 132 statistical comparisons, only five statistically significant differences were observed, less than the number expected by chance alone. Furthermore, these significant differences occurred with different tests of cognitive function, and in only one instance was the better test score associated with current estrogen use. No biases were identified that could explain these negative results. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —No compelling or internally consistent evidence for an effect of estrogen on cognitive function was found in these older women. These data do not support the hypothesis that estrogen use after the menopause preserves cognitive function in old age. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2637-2641)
BOOTLEGGED ECSTASY
Authors: Roy R. Grinker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

For several years, quietly and without publicity, several scientists have been studying the behavioral pharmacology of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25), and lately psilocybin, on experimental animals and human subjects. The psychotic effects of these drugs have some but not complete similarity to the schizophrenic psychoses, which has resulted in their classification as psychomimetics. Yet the study of their effects has not given a clue to the etiology or therapy of the naturally appearing psychoses, although a wealth of information regarding abnormal mental states has accrued. We are now confronted with two untoward byproducts which have no relation to legitimate scientific endeavors. The first is the widespread use of these drugs by irresponsible lay persons for their "kick" effect, for the gratification derived from vivid hallucinatory experience, and the pleasure of belonging to a "superior" social group which transcends the mundane existence of ordinary people. The second is the experimentation with
THE INSULIN MONOPOLY
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Avoidance of rubella immunization of women during or shortly before pregnancy
Authors: J. Chin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Rubella-susceptible women in the childbearing age will need and will request rubella vaccine for direct protection until the spread of rubella is controlled by the immunization of children. Immunization of women should be performed on an individual basis, and appropriate measures should be taken to avoid administration of vaccine shortly before or during pregnancy. This case series of 17 women in California who inadvertently received rubella vaccine shortly before or during pregnancy from April 1969 through February 1970 points to the need for both physicians and patients to be more acutely aware of this problem.
Photosensitivity to Oxytetracycline
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
“Asthma inhaler adherence determinants in adults: systematic review of observational data.” Alexandra L. Dima, Gimena Hernandez, Oriol Cunillera, Montserrat Ferrer, Marijn de Bruin and the ASTRO-LAB group. <i>Eur Respir J</i> 2015; 45: 994–1018.
Authors: Yael Gernez, Jeffrey Waters, Bojana Mirković, Gillian Lavelle, Colleen Dunn, Zoe Davies, Cassie Everson, Rabindra Tirouvanziam, Elana Silver, Sylvan Wallenstein, Sanjay Chotirmall, Noel Mcelvaney, Leonore Herzenberg, Montserrat Ferrer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)
Authors' response
Authors: W. S. Lim, T. Bewick, P. Myles, S. Greenwood, J. S. Nguyen-Van-Tam, S. Brett, M. G. Semple, P. J. Openshaw, B. Bannister, R. C. Read, B. Taylor, J. McMenamin, J. E. Enstone, K. G. Nicholson
Journal: Thorax (2011)

The H1N1 pneumonia cohort studied was a subset of a much larger cohort of adults hospitalised in the UK with confirmed pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 infection (FLU-CIN cohort, n¼1046); part of that cohort has been described elsewhere. 1 The depth and breadth of bacteriological testing of patients recruited into FLU-CIN was at the discretion of attending physicians; only 3 of 1046 patients had evidence of bacterial co-infection recorded, probably an underestimate of the true burden of bacterial co-infection.Patients with identified bacterial co-infection were similar in age to patients without co-infection (mean age 27.0 (SD 13.1) years vs 39.5 (SD 16.4) years).The inclusion of patients with bacterial co-infection in the cohort of patients with H1N1 pneumonia would be expected to reduce any differences between the two study cohorts if patients with co-infection are indeed clinically distinguishable.We are not aware of any publications arising from the 2009 pandemic demonstrating that patients with H1N1 pneumonia and bacterial co-infection can be reliably differentiated from patients without coinfection on clinical or demographic grounds alone.Some groups have examined the role of procalcitonin in this regard, 2 and ongoing investigations may provide additional information.
Physiological Response to Aerosol Propellants
Authors: Richard D. Stewart, Paul E. Newton, Edward D. Baretta, Anthony A. Herrmann, Hubert V. Forster, Ricardo J. Soto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Acute exposures to isobutane, propane, F-12, and F-11 in concentrations of 250, 500, or 1000 ppm for periods of 1 min to 8 hr did not produce any untoward physiological effects as determined by the methods employed which included serial EKG's and continuous monitoring of modified V5 by telemetry during exposure. Repetitive exposures to these four propellants were also without measurable untoward physiological effect with the exception of the eight male subjects repetitively exposed to 1000 ppm, F-11, who did show minor decrements in several of the cognitive tests. Of particular importance is the observation that none of the subjects showed any decrement in pulmonary function or alteration in cardiac rhythm as the result of exposure to concentrations of the gases or vapors far greater than encountered in the normal use of aerosol products in the home.
Cancer, History
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Epidemiology and Prevention of Cancer
Authors: Frederica P. Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Preventable environmental causes of cancer, including tobacco smoke and other carcinogens in the diet, workplace, and ambient environment are responsible for the vast majority of human cancers.This paper reviews recent molecular epidemiologic studies that have focused on environmental carcinogenesis and environment-host interactions.Biomarkers such as carcinogen-DNA and carcinogen-protein adducts, mutations in reporter or target genes (e.g., HPRT, GPA, ras, p53), or genetic or acquired susceptibility factors (e.g., polymorphisms in the P450 or glutathione-S-transferase genes and serum levels of antioxidants) have shown significant potential in prevention.They should be useful in early identification of at risk individuals and in designing and monitoring interventions (smoking cessation, exposure reduction, and chemoprevention).
16. Diabetes Advocacy: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA’s current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA’s clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Mid-Term Comparative Follow-Up After Aortic Valve Replacement with Carpentier-Edwards and Pericarbon Pericardial Prostheses
Authors: Thierry Le Tourneau, Christine Savoye, Eugene P. McFadden, Daniel Grandmougin, Hubert-François Carton, Jean-Luc Hennequin, Arnaud Dubar, Georges Fayad, Henri Warembourg
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The first generation of pericardial valves had a high rate of premature deterioration. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome after aortic valve replacement with second generation pericardial prostheses (Pericarbon and Carpentier-Edwards). Methods and Results —Between 1987 and 1994, 162 patients underwent aortic valve replacement with either a Pericarbon (n=81, 69±11 years) or a Carpentier-Edwards (n=81, 70±11 years) pericardial prosthesis. Mean follow-up was 4.4±2.7 years for Pericarbon and 4.8±2.4 years for Carpentier-Edwards valves ( P =0.27), giving a total follow-up of 745 patient-years. Thirty-day mortality and 5-year actuarial survival were, respectively, 6.2% and 63.2±5.7% in the Pericarbon group and 6.2% and 63.5±5.6% in the Carpentier-Edwards group. At 8 years, freedom from (and linearized rates per patient-year) thromboembolism, structural failure, and all valve-related events were, respectively, 91.8±3.6% (1.4%), 76.9±8.7% (2.5%), and 58.4±9.3% (5.6%) in the Pericarbon group and 94.4±2.7% (1%), 100% (0%, P &lt;0.01), and 88.8±3.7% (2%, P &lt;0.05) in the Carpentier-Edwards group. There were 9 (11.1%) Pericarbon structural failures related predominantly to severe calcification and stenosis. The actual reoperation rate was 7.4% (1.6% per patient-year) in the Pericarbon group for fibrocalcific degeneration (n=3), periprosthetic leak (n=1), endocarditis (n=1), and aortic dissection (n=1). There was neither structural valve failure nor valve reoperation in the Carpentier-Edwards group. Echocardiographic review of 70 patients from 85 survivors (82.3%) found 4 additional Pericarbon valves with signs of early structural failure but no Carpentier-Edwards valve with such changes. Conclusions —Eight years after aortic valve replacement, Pericarbon pericardial prostheses compared unfavorably with Carpentier-Edwards pericardial prostheses, with a high incidence of structural valve failure and reoperation.
THE VALUE OF FRESH AIR.
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal