tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A critical evaluation of oncology clinical practice guidelines.
Authors: Bradley Norman Reames, Robert Wallace Krell, Sarah Nicks Ponto, Sandra L. Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6020 Background: Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) play an essential role in cancer care today, but there are significant concerns regarding their content and reliability. In 2011, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report “Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust” created standards for developing trustworthy CPGs. Using these standards as a benchmark, we sought to evaluate recent oncology guidelines. Methods: CPGs and consensus statements addressing the screening, evaluation or management of the four leading causes of cancer-related mortality in the US (non-small cell lung, breast, prostate and colorectal cancers) published between January 2005 and December 2010 were identified using MEDLINE. A standardized scoring system based on the eight standards set forth by the IOM was devised, and the methodology, content and disclosure policies of CPGs were critically evaluated by four independent reviewers. All CPGs were given two scores; points were awarded out of a possible 8 major criteria and 20 sub-criteria. Results: We identified 168 CPGs for inclusion in the study; 45% were from US groups. None of the CPGs fully met all the IOM standards. On average, CPGs only met 2.8 of 8 standards set forth by the IOM (mean 2.8 points out of 8, SD 1.7; 8.3 out of 20, SD 4.3). Less than half of CPGs were based on a systematic review. Only half of CPG panels addressed conflicts of interest. Overall, the CPGs were most consistent with IOM standards for transparency regarding the development process, articulation of recommendations, and use of external review. Most did not comply with standards for inclusion of patient and public involvement in the development or review process, nor did they specify their process for updating. CPGs from the US had higher overall scores than CPGs from international groups. CPGs addressing non-small cell lung cancer had higher overall scores (mean 3.9) than those for other cancers. Conclusions: The vast majority of oncology CPGs fails to meet the IOM standards for trustworthy guidelines. Notably, most CPGs are not based on systematic reviews, lack full disclosure, and do not include all relevant stakeholders in the guideline process. This highlights the need for improved CPG development processes.
Cancer of the head and neck. Hypopharynx and larynx. Reasons for failure and management of recurrence
Authors: C. M. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Predisposing failure in the treatment of cancer of the hypopharynx and larynx are often due to late diagnosis, which stems from the following: (1) failure to recognize the importance of symptoms such as hoarseness, dysphagia, or discomfort in the throat; (2) casual examination of the larynx and pyriform sinuses on mirror laryngoscopy, or failure to do a direct examination when the mirror examination is unsatisfactory; (3) faulty interpretation of the gross findings, and neglect of biopsy as a means of proving or disproving the diagnosis; (4) poor biopsy technique; (5) failure to perform a second biopsy in some instances when the findings from initial biopsy are reported to be normal; and (6) inadequate follow up in cases where the diagnosis is not established, and in instances in which a premalignant lesion such as leukoplakia is found.<sup>41</sup> The important causes of failure in the treatment of proved cancer in these
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Authors: K. F Schulz, D. G Altman, D. Moher
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The CONSORT statement is used worldwide to improve the reporting of randomised controlled trials. <b>Kenneth Schulz and colleagues</b> describe the latest version, CONSORT 2010, which updates the reporting guideline based on new methodological evidence and accumulating experience
HOSPITAL ORGANIZATION.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

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Incomplete Knowledge
Authors: Jack Coulehan
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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British Journal of Ophthalmology, London
Journal: JAMA (1967)

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The Biologic Fundamentals of Radiation Therapy: A Textbook
Journal: JAMA (1941)

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Selected Articles from This Issue
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2021)

Zotiraciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitor, was previously shown to synergize with temozolomide (TMZ) in preclinical studies. To translate this finding to the clinic, Wu and colleagues performed a clinical trial of zotiraciclib plus TMZ in recurrent high-grade astrocytoma. This two-stage phase I trial simultaneously optimized the dosing and schedule of the combination of zotiraciclib and temozolomide using a BOIN dose-finding design. In addition to establishing the optimal dosing schedule for zotiraciclib and temozolomide, in-depth analyses of zotiraciclib-induced neutropenia, PK/p. and longitudinal symptom burden analysis were performed. The comprehensive information from this multifaceted early-stage investigation supports further clinical trials of this agent.Nuclear exporter protein exportin1/XPO1 overexpression in hematological malignancies leads to cytoplasmic mislocalization and functional inactivation of tumor suppressors. Specific inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) compounds block XPO1-mediated protein transport, retaining tumor suppressors in the nucleus. Seymour and colleagues demonstrate preclinical efficacy and clinical validation of XPO1 inhibitor selinexor in non-Hodgkin lymphoma with a phase I study of R-CHOP plus weekly selinexor as frontline treatment of NHL. This combination was well tolerated, and an MTD was not reached. An ORR of 100% and a CR rate of 90% were observed. Further study of this combination in lymphoma is warranted.While neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) has improved the survival of patients with resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma (rEAC), nearly half of patients succumb to their disease within 5 years. To assess improving this treatment strategy, van den Ende and colleagues assessed the combination of nCRT with PD-L1 inhibition in patients with rEAC. The pathological complete response rate was 25%, but there was no significant improvement in survival compared with nCRT alone. However, potential biomarkers of response were identified. An IFNy signature was associated with response, while low levels of cytotoxic lymphocytes or the presence of checkpoint inhibition correlated with lack of response. Further study is necessary to clarify the therapeutic potential of this combination in rEAC.IL-15 is an important cytokine for the function of NK cells, and IL-15 activation has been proposed as a strategy for immunotherapy. Foltz and colleagues conducted a clinical trial of N-803, an IL-15 receptor superagonist complex, with rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This combination was well tolerated and led to prolonged responses in a subset of patients. N-803 treatment led to the activation of NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and monocytes. Further clinical study of N-803 is needed to identify patient populations for whom this agent will be beneficial, as well as appropriate combination treatments.
Data Errors in: Mortality in Randomized Trials of Antioxidant Supplements for Primary and Secondary Prevention: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Peter Pronovost, Marlene Miller, Robert Wachter
Journal: JAMA (2008)

mal details.For measures that lack national standards, such as those developed by individual hospitals, more information is needed to make biases transparent.A framework 1 based on the Users' Guides to the Medical Literature 2 has been developed to help health care organizations evaluate the validity of their quality measures.Rather than provide guidance on a specific measure, the framework provides guidance on estimating and reporting biases in quality and safety measures.Such a framework can initiate discussion of data elements that should be reported for quality measures.It must be coupled with additional research to identify evidence-based quality standards, determine the best strategy for enforcing standardized reporting, and evaluate the costs and benefits of reporting.
Commentaire de travail de H. Kawakami et al., pp. 959
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography versus peroral cholangioscopy to evaluate intraepithelial tumor spread in biliary cancerEndoscopy 2009; 41(11): 959-964DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215178
Contents, Vol. 55, No. 2-4, 1991
Authors: A.J.J.M. Vingerhoets, J. Assies, E. Heim, Raimo K.R. Salokangas, Matti Joukamaa, George N. Christodoulou, Z.J. Lipowski, Bengt B. Arnetz, Sten-Olof Brenner, Lennart Levi, Robert Hjelm, Inga-Lill Petterson, Jerzy Wasserman, Björn Petrini, Peter Eneroth, Anders Kallner, Richard Kvetnansky, Milan Vigas, Tores Theorell, E.M. Wekking, A.J.J.M. Vingerhoets, A.P. van Dam, J.C. Nossent, A.J.J.G. Swaak, Giovanni A. Fava, Silvana Grandi, Vappu Viemerö, E.M. Wekking, J.C. Nossent, A.P. van Dam, A.J.J.G. Swaak, A.P. van Dam, E.M. Wekking, H.A.P.C. Oomen, Laurens D. Young, Jan Schweiger, Jan Beitzinger, Robert McManus, Carolyn Bloedel, J. Koob, Carl-Erik Mattlar, Erik Engblom, Päivi Vesala, Esko Vänttinen, Lars-Runar Knuts, C. Buddeberg, C. Wolf, M. Sieber, A. Riehl-Emde, A. Bergant, R. Steiner, C. Landolt-Ritter, D. Richter, R.P.W. Fry, A.H. Crisp, R.W. Beard, Richard Petty, Tom Sensky, Robert Mahler, Kirsteen Stevenson, Tom Sensky, Richard Petty, Alf Forsén, Matti Joukamaa, Argyro Voulgari, Lefteris Lykouras, Metaxia Papanikolaou, Anastasia Tzonou, Aekaterini Danou-Roussaki, George Christodoulou, Bengt B. Arnetz
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)
Discussion: session 2. Detection of health effects of exposure to low doses of agents—epidemiologic problems
Authors: Vera Strassman, Herschel Griffin, Marvin Schneiderman, Philip Enterline, Edward Radford
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

University of North Carolina) opened the discussion by asking Dr. Radford to comment on methods available for collecting data on subjective and psychological effects arising from conditions in the environment, as part of a total risk assessment in a population.Dr. Radford indicated that there are good psychometric meth- ods for quantitating such effects on individuals, but methods of using these in a population are often difficult.It requires a high order of care in preparation of questionnaires, for example.But the methodology does exist even if it has been applied only in a primitive fashion up to the present time.When we get into the realm of the perception of risk, in many cases public concerns are disproportionate to the actual toxicologic risk.Nevertheless, perceived risks are very important to the people involved.The issue of asbestos in hair dryers is a case in point.He anticipated that this will be an important problem in epidemiology in the coming decade.An example of evaluation of psychosocial impacts is the University of Pitts- burgh follow-up study of citizens living around the Three Mile Island nuclear plant, to attempt to assess what the perceptions of the individuals are in that case and how they may relate to health
Intrapartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy: the Western Australian case-control study
Authors: N. Badawi, J. J Kurinczuk, J. M Keogh, L. M Alessandri, F. O'Sullivan, P. R Burton, P. J Pemberton, F. J Stanley
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<b>Objective:</b> To identify intrapartum predictors of newborn encephalopathy in term infants. <b>Design:</b> Population based, unmatched case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> Metropolitan area of Western Australia, June 1993 to September 1995. <b>Subjects:</b> All 164 term infants with moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy; 400 randomly selected controls. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Adjusted odds ratio estimates. <b>Results:</b> The birth prevalence of moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy was 3.8/1000 term live births. The neonatal fatality was 9.1%. Maternal pyrexia (odds ratio 3.82), a persistent occipitoposterior position (4.29), and an acute intrapartum event (4.44) were all risk factors for newborn encephalopathy. More case infants than control infants were induced (41.5% and 30.5%, respectively) and fewer case infants were delivered by caesarean section without labour (3.7% and 14.5%, respectively). Operative vaginal delivery (2.34) and emergency caesarean section (2.17) were both associated with an increased risk. There was an inverse relation between elective caesarean section (0.17) and newborn encephalopathy. After application of a set of consensus criteria for elective caesarean section only three (7%) eligible case mothers compared with 33 (65%) eligible control mothers were sectioned electively. Of all the case infants, 113 (69%) had only antepartum risk factors for newborn encephalopathy identified; 39 (24%) had antepartum and intrapartum factors; eight (5%) had only intrapartum factors; and four (2%) had no recognised antepartum or intrapartum factors. <b>Conclusions:</b> The causes of newborn encephalopathy are heterogeneous and many relate to the antepartum period. Elective caesarean section has an inverse association with newborn encephalopathy. Intrapartum hypoxia alone accounts for only a small proportion of newborn encephalopathy. These results question the view that most risk factors for newborn encephalopathy lie in the intrapartum period.
The FTA-ABS test in late syphilis. A serological study in 1,985 cases
Authors: R. E. Harner
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Serology tests were made on 1,985 blood specimens drawn between September 1963 and February 1967. Seven hundred and eighteen cases of late syphilis were identified with the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTAABS) test. Only 441 (61%) patients had a reactive venereal disease research laboratory test for syphilis (VDRL). A sizeable percentage of late syphilitic cases (39%) seen in this study may have been overlooked if only a reagin test had been used to exclude or confirm the diagnosis.
Audiological Assessment
Authors: Charles I. Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This book has much to recommend it for the otolaryngologist, the pediatrician, gerontologist, beginning audiologist, rehabilitation specialist, and educator. Although marred by many typographical and bibliographic citation errors, there are sections of this book that may become important milestones in audiologic literature; these include the chapter by Studebaker and Brandy on industrial and military audiology and the truly exceptional chapter, "Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Profound Hearing Loss," by Vernon and Mindel. Also worthy of special note are the chapters on hearing aids, electroencephalic audiometry, differential audiology, pure-tone audiometry, speech audiometry, and otologic assessment and treatment. However, middle ear impedance and tympanometry were not discussed, a serious omission for audiologists and otolaryngologists. Otolaryngologists should particularly appreciate the section on hearing aids and their selection, and on the industrial and military aspects of audiology. By contrast, the anatomy and physiology of the auditory system is covered far better in many other
Just Words
Authors: Alexander Gode
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of patients with heart disease for noncardiac surgery
Authors: J. H. Tinker
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PHYSICIANS are frequently consulted about the advisability and perioperative management of noncardiac surgery in patients with heart disease. The risks in patients with coronary artery disease have been extensively studied, whereas other types of heart disease, perhaps because of their more uniformly progressive nature, have not proved as amenable to specific risk analysis. Clinical judgment remains central to the assessment of the risk-benefit ratio of any proposed procedure. We intend to present briefly considerations of risk, preoperative pharmacologic management, and a discussion of basic principles of operative and postoperative care. <h3>Risk of Noncardiac Surgery in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease</h3><h3>Prior Myocardial Infarction.—</h3> Several retrospective studies have shown that patients with a prior myocardial infarction (MI) have about a 6% incidence of new infarction occurring within seven days of anesthesia and surgery, unless the prior MI was recent.<sup>1-3</sup>Operations performed within three months of an MI are associated with
Tratamientos de la intoxicacion cianhidrica: Sus mecanismos fisiologicos
Journal: JAMA (1934)

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