tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement and the Risk for Blood Clots
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients2 May 2000Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement and the Risk for Blood ClotsAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-9-200005020-00029 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Two hormones, estrogen and progestin, are often prescribed to women after menopause to prevent thinning of bones. When these hormones are used in oral contraceptive pills, blood clots are a known side effect of treatment. The blood clots usually develop in the deep veins of the leg, a condition called deep venous thrombosis. Parts of these clots can break off and travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, a condition called pulmonary embolism. Although they are usually treatable with blood thinners, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism can ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled "Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy Increases Risk for Venous Thromboembolic Disease. The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study.". It is in the 2 May 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 689-696). The authors are D. Grady, N.K. Wenger, D. Herrington, S. Khan, C. Furberg, D. Hunninghake, E. Vittinghoff, and S. Hulley, for the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Research Group.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPostmenopausal Hormone Therapy Increases Risk for Venous Thromboembolic Disease: The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study Deborah Grady , Nanette K. Wenger , David Herrington , Steven Khan , Curt Furberg , Donald Hunninghake , Eric Vittinghoff , Stephen Hulley , and Metrics 2 May 2000Volume 132, Issue 9Page: 689KeywordsCardiovascular therapyDeep vein thrombosisEstrogen replacement therapyEstrogensHormone replacement therapyHormonesLongitudinal studiesMenopausePulmonary embolismThrombosis Issue Published: 2 May 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Abstract 1158: Seven genes were closely associated with ALDH1 in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Takashi Ishikawa, Kazutaka Narui, Akimitsu Yamada, Kumiko Kida, Hidetaka Shima, Chiho Endo, Shoko Adachi, Sadatoshi Sugae, Yohei Miyagi, Yasushi Ichikawa, Itaru Endo
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Aldehyde dehydrogenase1 (ALDH1) is widely accepted as a marker of normal and malignant breast stem cells. We reported that ALDH1 expression was associated with aggressive phenotypes and poor clinical outcome of breast cancer patients. However, mechanics of how ALDH1 affects cancer stem cell features is not known. Aim: To examine genes associated with ALDH1 and find novel druggable targets for the future cancer stem cell therapy. Methods: ALDH1-positive and ALDH1-negative cells were dissected by a laser capture microdissection from 5 ALDH1 positive triple negative breast cancer samples. A differential analysis of mRNA expression was performed between ALDH1 positive and negative breast cancer cells in each sample by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays. 1) Microarray analysis suite (MAS5) and robust multi-chip average (RMA) were used as preprocessing algorithms to analyze gene expression data and to extract genes differently expressed between ALDH1 positive and negative cells. 2) The network analysis was performed with extracted genes with MAS5 by the comprehensive information platform “KeyMolnetTM”. Results: 1) 54,682 genes were extracted and 32,264 genes were selected after eliminating background noise. One hundred and four genes: 63 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated, were extracted in ALDH1-positive cells by MAS5, while only 2 up-regulated genes by RMA. H19 was a gene that was commonly extracted by both algorithms. 2) The network with 104 genes was constructed and BRD4, SMAD4, Pitx3, RARa, MUC1, HASH1 and C/EBPb were identified as genes with the closest distance to ALDH1. Conclusions: Most of extracted 7 genes have been already known to exert critical roles for maintaining stem cell features, providing a rationale of ALDH1 for the stem cell marker of breast cancer. These genes including H19 could be targets of the cancer stem cell therapy for treating incurable breast cancer. Citation Format: Takashi Ishikawa, Kazutaka Narui, Akimitsu Yamada, Kumiko Kida, Hidetaka Shima, Chiho Endo, Shoko Adachi, Sadatoshi Sugae, Yohei Miyagi, Yasushi Ichikawa, Itaru Endo. Seven genes were closely associated with ALDH1 in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1158.
"Cures" for multiple sclerosis.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

PointersIsoprenaline and Salbutamol: Trial in asthmatic patients showed these two drugs to be equi- potent as bronchodilators but isoprenaline elevated pulse and blood pressure more than salbutamol (p.65).Fibrin and Menorrhagia: Level of circulating fibrin degradation products was found to corre- late with menstrual phase of cycle, and was high in menorrhagia (p.74).Leader at p. 61.Aversion to Smoking: Results of electric aversion therapy seem encouraging (p.82).Leader at p. 60.Anaemia in Alcoholics: These patients have an abnormality of iron metabolism, probably due to interference with haem synthesis (p.86).Drug-taking Boys: Within four years 9 of 47 delinquent boys originally on soft drugs had progressed to hard drugs (p.102).Rifampicin in Leprosy: Experimental and clinical studies suggest that rifampicin has a powerful bactericidal action against Mycobacterium leprae (p.89).Rheumatoid Arthritis: Nigerian patients diag- nosed as having rheumatoid arthritis differ in several important respects from Caucasians with the disease (p.71).American Rheumatism Association discusses viral aetiology and treat- ment (p.105).Hand splint (p.106).Other Clinical Studies: On hyperparathyroidism in osteomalacia (p.76), air encephalography (p.79), and intracerebellar haemorrhage (p.93).Neurological Complications: Refresher course article on neurological complications of collagen and thyroid diseases (p.95).
Possible roles of nonparenchymal cells in hepatocyte proliferation induced by lead nitrate and by tumor necrosis factor alpha
Authors: H Shinozuka
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

A single intravenous injection of lead nitrate (LN) to rats induces liver cell proliferation without causing cell necrosis (direct hyperplasia). We suggested that liver cell proliferation in this model may be triggered by the induction of liver tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Because administration of TNF-alpha in vivo has been shown to induce proliferation of both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells of the liver, we analyzed the temporal sequences of DNA synthesis in both cell populations following LN and recombinant TNF-alpha treatment by 5- bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemistry. The patterns of cell proliferation induced by these agents were further compared with those induced by a single dose of nafenopin (NAF), a direct mitogen which does not induce liver TNF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA). In male Wistar rats given a single dose of LN (100 micromol/kg), BrdU incorporation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells (Kupffer cells, endothelial cells and periportal nondescript cells) became evident 12 hours after the treatment. The labeling of all cell types reached a peak after 36 hours and declined thereafter. Rats given a single intravenous injection of human recombinant TNF-alpha (46 microg/rat) showed an increase of BrdU labeling in nonparenchymal cells after 24 hours, whereas the labeling of hepatocytes became evident at 36 hours. A single intragastric administration of NAF resulted in a rapid increase in the number of labeled hepatocytes with no substantial labeling of nonparenchymal cells. These results add further support to the notion that LN-induced liver cell proliferation is mediated by TNF-alpha, and suggest that different cell populations are involved in the initial proliferative response of the liver to mitogens, depending on the capacity of the mitogens to stimulate TNF-alpha production. (Hepatology 1996 Jun;23(6):1572-7)
Abstract 1349: Personalized circulating tumor DNA profiling in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Luke J. Martinson, Annabel J. Sharkey, Alan G. Dawson, Robert K. Hastings, Gareth Wilson, David Waller, Apostolos Nakas, Charles Swanton, Jacqui A. Shaw, Dean A. Fennell
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor associated with exposure to asbestos and is rising in incidence worldwide. A lack of early detection methods and treatment successes have maintained a dismal prognosis of just 12 - 16 months. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is emerging as an important stratification biomarker in other thoracic malignancies, however research in this area has been lacking in MPM. Homozygous deletion of CDKN2A is one of the few established negatively prognostic molecular markers in MPM. Methods and Results: We conducted multiregional whole exome sequencing (m-WES) on tumor tissue (4 or 5 regions) and matched germline DNA from 11 patients with MPM that received surgery (extended pleurectomy decortication) as their primary treatment modality. Using a validated bioinformatics pipeline (developed as part of the TRACERx study), clonal single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and/or indels (present within all tumor regions) were selected from m-WES data for patient-specific assay design. Variants were prioritized for selection based on tumor driver status and higher mean variant allele frequencies (VAFs) amongst tumor regions. A minimum of 10 ng cfDNA isolated from pre-surgical blood was analyzed for ctDNA detection using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR), with positivity being defined as ≥ 3 mutant droplets and a plasma VAF ≥ 0.1%. Four out of eleven (36.4%) patients were ctDNA-positive using this patient-specific approach with VAFs ranging between 0.16% and 2.96%. Two additional patients had one or two positive mutant droplets, but these were excluded as potential false positives. In this pilot study, ctDNA-positive patients had significantly shorter survival than ctDNA-negative patients (P = 0.047), although this failed to reach significance by Cox regression analysis, likely due to a small sample size. Furthermore, in this cohort ctDNA status was a stronger prognostic biomarker than CDKN2A deletion status. Conclusions: Considering the short survival of patients with MPM despite surgery, we consider ctDNA-based analyses could be used to stratify patients regarding surgery, where risk-benefit would be marginal for those ctDNA-positive. This study provides proof-of-principle that the detection of tumor DNA from minimally invasive sources is possible in MPM and has alluded to how this could potentially impact clinical decision-making. Citation Format: Luke J. Martinson, Annabel J. Sharkey, Alan G. Dawson, Robert K. Hastings, Gareth Wilson, David Waller, Apostolos Nakas, Charles Swanton, Jacqui A. Shaw, Dean A. Fennell. Personalized circulating tumor DNA profiling in malignant pleural mesothelioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1349.
Generic Drugs
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Successful diabetes management is contingent on a multitude of factors, including patient access and adherence to a prescribed drug regimen.In addition, the overall cost of diabetes care is an important consideration that affects access to care.One approach to improving access and reducing costs is the utilization of generic drugs.Generic drugs are a medically appropriate alternative to their brand-name counterparts and have been proven to be medically safe and effective.
THE VALUE OF THE PHYSICIAN'S SERVICES.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The quality of care is unmeasurable: an equation, a paralogism, a paraphrasis, a quackery ... and a reply
Authors: M. Sinnreich
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Quality Medical Care"<sup>1</sup>contains misconceptions about the terms<i>quality, capacity</i>, and<i>outcome</i>. Subverted language subverts perceptions, understanding, and, last but not least, policy. At just about the same time the<i>Medical Tribune</i>reported in a news brief (June 30, 1988) that Dr Paul Ellwood, president of Inter Study, proposed a "national computerized outcomes analysis"; that Dr Arnold S. Relman, editor of the<i>New England Journal of Medicine,</i>termed outcome analysis "potentially the third revolution of medicine"; and that Dr William Roper, administrator of the Health Care Financing Administration, announced a government study of "quality of care" rating for each of the 280 000 physicians treating Medicare patients and that eventually patients would be steered to "quality doctors." First, there is an article taking liberties with the facts, followed by a "computerized outcomes analysis" constituting a "revolution," and, finally, a policy to label physicians.
Author index
Authors: B Bavelier, See Corina, D Behrmann, P Bloom, See Cleeremans, A Bradley, See Andersen, R Brammer, See Calvert, G Brown, See Mckeown, M Buckner, See Kelley, M Kawato, Wo Lpert, D Keele, See Clegg, B Kelley, R Petersen, C Kennard, M Kersten, See Mamassian, P Kindermann, M Klima
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (1998)
Indications for Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: P. A. Owren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Long-Term Anticoagulant TherapyRheumatic Heart DiseaseThere are only a few studies on the protective effect of long-term anticoagulant therapy in rheumatic heart disease, but from the data recorded this may be a major therapeutic indication for such therapy. In Owren's study17 a group of 17 patients with disease of the mitral valve, fibrillation and recurrent embolic incidents before therapy experienced only 3 or 4 embolic episodes in a total treatment period of ninety-four years. In a corresponding observation period for each patient before the start of therapy, a total of 35 major embolic episodes had been recorded. In another . . .
HBV treatment
Authors: Eric Lefebvre, Taishi Hashiguchi, Helen Jenkins, Antoun Nabhan, Hiroyuki Yoneyama, Scott Friedman, Smith Kline, Heiner Wedemeyer, Cihan Yurdaydin, Stefanie Ernst, Florin Caruntu, Manuela Curescu, Kendal Yalcin, Ulus Akarca, Selim Gurel, Stefan Zeuzem, Andreas Erhardt, Stefan Lüth, George Papatheodoridis, Onur Keskin, Kerstin Port, Mustafa Celen, Judith Stift, Benjamin Heidrich, Ingmar Mederacke, Svenja Hardtke 14, Armin Koch, Hans Dienes, Michael Manns
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

macrophages) and fibrosis that can lead to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.Treatment options are very limited.Recent evidence suggests that C-C chemokine receptor (CCR) type 2 and its main ligand, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, contribute to macrophage recruitment in the liver.Cenicriviroc (CVC) is an oral, potent, dual CCR2/CCR5 antagonist that showed favorable safety and tolerability over 24 weeks of dosing in an ongoing 48-week Phase 2b study in 143 HIV-1-infected adults (NCT01338883).We evaluated CVC in a mouse model of NASH that leads to hepatocellular carcinoma; data from the first, fibrotic stage of the model are presented.Methods: NASH was induced in male mice by a single injection of 200μg streptozotocin 2 days after birth (causing insulin resistance), followed by a high fat diet from 4 weeks of age.From 6 to 9 weeks of age, 3 groups of animals (n=6/group) were administered CVC doses of 0 (vehicle), 20 (low dose) or 100 (high dose) mg/kg/day, via twice daily oral gavage.Animals were sacrificed at 9 weeks of age, and biochemical, gene expression, and histologic evaluations of the liver were conducted.Results: CVC treatment had no effect on body or liver weight, whole blood glucose, or liver triglycerides.Mean (±SD) alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly decreased in both CVC treatment groups compared to control (58±12, 51±13 and 133±80 U/L for low dose, high dose and vehicle, respectively; p<0.05).By real-time RT-PCR, collagen type 1 mRNA in whole liver lysates decreased by 27-37% with CVC treatment.The percentage of fibrosis area (by Sirius red staining) was significantly decreased by CVC treatment (p<0.01).Importantly, the histologic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score (score is 0 for untreated mice in this model) was significantly decreased with CVC treatment (4.0±0.6,3.7±0.8and 5.3±0.5 for low dose, high dose and vehicle, respectively; p<0.05), primarily due to reduced inflammation and ballooning scores.As previously shown in man, a CVC dose related increase in plasma monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels was observed in mice (1.1-and 1.5-fold increase for low and high dose, respectively), consistent with antagonism of CCR2.Conclusions: These data suggest that CVC, an investigational agent currently in human trials for HIV-1, has anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity in a mouse model of NASH, warranting further investigation.These findings provide further evidence that disrupting the CCR2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 axis may be a novel treatment approach for NASH.
Ultrasonic demonstration in utero of an intracranial teratoma
Authors: M. Crade
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ALTHOUGH most fetal head enlargement is secondary to hydrocephalus, other etiologies, including tumor growth, must be considered. Technological improvements in ultrasound imaging have led to a greater definition of fetal pathological conditions and, as is shown by this article, allow a detailed study of such abnormalities. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old woman, pregnant for the first time, underwent an ultrasonic examination demonstrating a 16-week fetus with normally displayed anatomy. This included multiple images of the intracranial structures. A repeated study was done near term to evaluate for placenta previa. At this time, an abnormal fetal head was demonstrated (Figure). An estimated cranial diameter of 10.5 cm was measured. The normal anatomic characteristics were replaced by bizarre cystic and echogenic regions filling the cranial vault. Fetal movements, although limited, were recorded in an otherwise normal-appearing term fetus. A cesarean section birth was performed the next day. The infant, weighing 4,800
The Beat
Authors: Erin E. Dooley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Forum C8 Phased Out of Food WrappersIn July 2012 the U.S. FDA released a statement that manufacturers had voluntarily ceased selling agents containing the compound C8 for food-contact use the prior summer. 1 At that time, manufacturers had predicted stocks of the agents and packaging containing them would be depleted within a year.C8, or perfluorooctanoic acid, was used to keep oil and grease from seeping through food packaging.It is persistent in the environment and has been linked with testicular and kidney cancers and pregnancyinduced hypertension. 2 The compound is still used in products such as cookware and clothing. Where's the Cleanest Beach?In June 2012 the Natural Resources Defense Council released its annual Testing the Waters report on water quality at U.S. ocean and Great Lakes beaches. 3Certain beaches in Alabama, California, Delaware, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Texas have exceptionally low contamination rates and strong testing and safety practices, earning them the report's five-star rating.But the past two years had the second and third highest numbers of beach closures and advisories in the past two decades, with the majority a result of contamination with human or animal waste.The report cites measures to reduce stormwater runoff and sewage spills as top priorities for reducing beach closures and illnesses.
ABC of Breast Diseases: Screening for Breast Cancer
Authors: R W Blamey, A R M Wilson, J Patnick, J M Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The aim of screening is to detect breast cancer when it is small and before it has had the chance to spread Lack of knowledge of the pathogenesis of breast cancer means that primary prevention is currently a distant prospect.Screening represents an alternative approach to try to reduce mortality from breast cancer.Methods of screening Summary of 7-12 years mortality data from randomised trials of breast cancer screening.Points and lines represent absolute change in mortality and confidence interval.There is no evidence that clinical examination, breast ultrasonography, and teaching self examination of the breast are effective tools in screening for breast cancer.Randomised controlled trials have shown, however, that screening by mammography can significantly reduce mortality from breast cancer.Mortality can be reduced by up to 400/O in women who attend for screening, and the benefit is greatest in women aged over 50.Recently published data from the combined Swedish trials showed an overall reduction in breast cancer mortality of 29% during 12 years of follow up in women aged over 50 who were invited to attend screening and a 13% reduction in younger women.Organisation of screening * Accurate population lists * Encouragement by general practitioners to attend * Clear screening protocols * Agreed patterns of referral * Well trained assessment team * Built in quality assurance