tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Typhoid Infection
Authors: J. A. Mills
Journal: BMJ (1911)

TYPEQI INIECTION. [JAN. 21! 91 r in these cases a double curve-a primary wave, due to the inoculation; and one or more secondary curves, due to the incidence of autoinoculations.Fortunately, these reac- tions are not fraught with so much anxiety as formerly, as it is possible to bring them to an end by a dose of bovine tuberculin.This question of the bovine and the human strain is at the moment agitating the medical world, and whether one should use a homologous vaccine, or whether it is an advantage, as is claimed by Nathan Raw and by Camac Wilkinson, though on widely differing grounds, that the appropriate tuberculin to combat infection caused by the tubercle bacillus typues humanus is that manufactured from the typus bovinus, remains still unsettled.According to some searchers there is no difference between the supposed varieties, but these are now in a minority, and opinion is, I think, overwhelmingly in favour of the view 'that the bovine and the human tubercle bacilli belong to *two separate and distinct varieties.The method I have used in the cases I am now bringing forward is that advocated in the Lancet of April 23rd, 1910.I would like, however, if I may be permitted, to advance the suggestion that larger doses of tuberculin than these should be more 'efficacious if they could be given without acute reactions.Perhaps a way may be found to control these reactions, or rather to prevent them, but until that time comes I can recommend my method with complete confidence to any medical man, whether he has experience of inoculation work or no, as being reasonably safe and most unlikely to result in harm.Before closing my remarks there are two points I should like to touch upon.
15026 BMS-986165, an oral selective tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor: Evaluation of changes in laboratory parameters in response to treatment in a phase 2 trial in psoriasis
Authors: Kenneth Gordon, Kim Alexander Papp, Melinda Gooderham, Akimichi Morita, Peter Foley, Diamant Thaci, Haobo Ren, Lan Wei, Subhashis Banerjee
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2020)
HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: LOUIS M. WARFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It has been only within recent years that the mild states of hypothyroidism have received any attention. The most recent textbooks on diseases of the thyroid gland still devote considerable space to cretinism and myxedema but say very little, or do not mention at all, the group of cases which present symptoms which appear to be associated with lessened thyroid secretion but which never reach the stage of myxedema. That there is such a group of cases is attested to by articles now appearing in the literature from widely separated parts of this country. Kocher in 1904 was the first to call attention to this group as a possibility, but only since the development of clinical metabolimetry has it been possible to recognize the condition with any degree of accuracy. The thyroid gland, unlike the pancreas or the suprarenal glands, is not absolutely necessary to maintain life. "It is not
Interaction of Radioinsulin With Serum Proteins in Vitro and With Liver in Vivo Among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
State-Specific Prevalence of Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults and the Proportion of Adults Who Work in a Smoke-Free Environment—United States, 1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Tobacco use in the United States causes approximately 430,000 deaths each year, including an estimated 3000 deaths from lung cancer among nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In addition, an estimated 62,000 coronary heart disease deaths annually among nonsmokers exposed to ETS. The detrimental health effects of exposure to ETS are well documented and include, in addition to lung cancer and coronary heart disease among adults, low birthweight and sudden infant death syndrome from exposure during and after pregnancy and asthma, bronchitis, and pneumonia in children. This report summarizes the 1999 prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults by state and the proportion of persons who work indoors and who report that their workplaces have smoke-free policies. The findings indicate that in 1999, adult smoking prevalence differed more than two-fold across states (13.9%-31.5%) and that the proportion of persons who reported that their workplace had an official smoke-free policy ranged from 61.3%-82.1%. As the respondents' level of education increased, they were more likely to report working under a smoke-free policy.
Old Times: Nasty, Brutish, and Short—but at Least No Injected Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Nina E. Robb
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Goldsmith<sup>1</sup>states that "mismatches between the genetically determined physical, emotional, and psychological needs of human beings and their current environment... are at the root of many somatic and mental disorders today." No doubt, our technology and our skill in altering our external environment have far outpaced our individual ability to adapt. But is the answer to treat healthy physiology with drugs, as Goldsmith's discussion of Dr Eaton's work implies? I am stunned at the suggestion that the conflict between women's present-day social and career strivings vs their ancestral biology, which perhaps makes it physically healthier to have children earlier in life, be resolved with pharmaceuticals. Female biology is not a pathology that mandates intervention. It is a pervasive fact of life that myth and medicine have long served to mystify and deny. In the past, menstruation and pregnancy were often viewed as pathological
Obituary
Authors: Richard J. Bing
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Promoting the use of seat belts. Wessex Positive Health Team.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A six-month study into the effect of a substantial programme of integrated health education promoting the use of seat belts showed no major change in the rates for occupants of front seats, which remained around 35%. Though there were increases of up to 5% in the rates for wearing seat belts immediately after the multimedia campaigns which achieved high penetration, only those among women drivers were sustained. Of the methods used to disseminate information, television had the greatest impact on the community, followed by press reports and radio broadcasts. It is concluded that health education alone is insufficient to increase significantly the use of car seat belts. Britain should follow its European partners and pass legislation requiring front seat occupants to wear belts. As the recent experience in Australia shows, the benefits will be considerable in terms of reducing mortality, morbidity, and consequential expenditure.
RECTAL PACKING
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impaired IRS-1/PI3-kinase signaling in patients with HCV: A mechanism for increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes
Authors: S Aytug
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the mechanism of this association is unclear. In this study, we examined the potential defects in upstream insulin signaling pathways in liver specimens obtained from nonobese/nondiabetic subjects with HCV infection. Fasting liver biopsy specimens were obtained from 42 HCV-infected subjects and 10 non-HCV-infected subjects matched for age and body mass index. Liver tissues were exposed to insulin and examined for the contents and phosphorylation/activation status of the upstream insulin signaling molecules by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. HCV infection resulted in a trend toward a 2-fold to 3-fold increase in insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 contents when compared with non-HCV. In contrast, insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation was decreased by 2-fold in HCV-infected subjects compared with non-HCV-infected subjects (P < .05). The observed reductions in IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation were accompanied by a 3.4-fold decrease in IRS-1/p85 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) association and a 2.5-fold decrease in IRS-1-associated PI3-kinase enzymatic activity (P < .05 vs. non-HCV). This was accompanied by a marked reduction in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation without any alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Cellular contents of the hepatic p85 subunit of PI3-kinase were comparable between HCV-infected and non-HCV-infected subjects. In conclusion, we found that (1) HCV infection leads to a postreceptor defect in IRS-1 association with the IR and (2) insulin signaling defects in hepatic IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation and PI3-kinase association/activation may contribute to insulin resistance, which leads to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with HCV infection. (Hepatology 2003;38:1384-1392.)
What to advise patients about drinking alcohol. The clinician's conundrum
Authors: T. A. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The current issue ofThe Journalcontains a report of yet another mechanism by which alcohol consumption may prevent the onset of coronary heart disease. Ridker et al<sup>1</sup>demonstrate an association between alcohol consumption and plasma levels of tissue plasminogen activator—a major component of the fibrinolytic system. This article is consistent with the sizable literature on the protective effects of alcohol with regard to coronary heart disease<sup>2</sup>and may account for the other half of coronary disease reduction not explained by the beneficial effects of alcohol on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The article also suggests that in addition to the antiatherosclerotic effect of alcohol via HDL-C metabolism, alcohol may affect the second step in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, namely, coronary thrombosis. See also p 929. Conundrum is defined by<i>American Heritage Dictionary</i>as "a problem admitting of no satisfactory solution." The stance that the medical community
Industrial Medicine
Authors: Irving R. Tabershaw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

INDUSTRIAL medicine in the first postwar year continued to show the influence of the lessons learned from the war. New ideas, new methods, new procedures and new viewpoints that originated in war experiences were encountered everywhere. The progress made may be divided into two groups, technical and social.Technical advances were manifold and should prove of enduring value. General safety programs in many war industries reached a new high level, with gratifying results. In the munitions industry lessons learned from World War I were remembered and utilized; new experiences were added, and safety devices introduced that proved highly effective. As . . .
Depression of cellular immunity as an index of malnutrition in surgical patients.
Journal: BMJ (1981)

2-6 days (range 1-5 days).The mean interval between top-ups was 12 hours (range 4-30 hours).Ten patients thought their symptomatic foot was warmer.Of the eight cannula tips sent for bacterial culture, all were sterile.Seven of the nine patients who received grafts experienced good pain relief as a result of surgery.Two patients with poor "run-off" and gangrene were unimproved and subsequently underwent major amputation.
Dietetic food diarrhea
Authors: M. J. Ravry
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE HEXITOLS, a group of sugar alcohols that are acted on slowly by bacteria in the oral cavity and are slowly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, are capable of inducing osmotic diarrhea.<sup>1-4</sup>Sorbitol and mannitol, the best known of the hexitols, are key ingredients in many "sugarfree" foodstuffs used as weight reduction aids and to help prevent dental caries. Although Gryboski<sup>2</sup>described the occurrence of diarrhea in children consuming dietetic candy in 1966, it was not until 1978 that the subject was revived by the report of "chewing gum diarrhea" in an adult.<sup>3</sup>The following case is presented to create awareness of the phenomenon and to demonstrate that it may be induced not only by chewing gum but also by other dietetic foodstuffs. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 29-year-old healthy man had diarrhea of two weeks' duration. Attempting to reduce weight by dieting, he found it difficult
Ciguatera fish poisoning in the Virgin Islands
Authors: H. A. Hanno
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Christiansen and associates continue to insist that the use of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>is hazardous in patients with advanced uremia. They claim that we misquoted their data. Despite careful and repeated reading of their original article,<sup>1</sup>we still could find only information on creatinine clearance at start and end of therapy. Furthermore, despite the claim in their letter that normocalcemia was maintained in the patients, their data showed that seven or eight patients had hypercalcemia develop during 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>therapy. Now they provide us with serial data on percent change in serum creatinine clearance. This is misleading since an increment of 40% in serum creatinine clearance from 5.0 to 7.0 mL/dL has a different connotation and clinical import than a 40% rise from 10.0 to 14.0 mg/dL. Why do they not provide the actual absolute values and allow the readers to judge the meaning
The p53 Heterozygous Knockout Mouse as a Model for Chemical Carcinogenesis in Vascular Tissue
Authors: Neil G. Carmichael, Eric L. M. Debruyne, Dominique Bigot-Lasserre
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Heterozygous p53 knockout mice were investigated as a potential model for vascular tumor carcinogenesis. Groups of 20 male mice were exposed by gavage for 6 months to the vascular carcinogen urethane at 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg body weight/day. Wild-type and heterozygous p53 knockout control groups were exposed by gavage to the vehicle alone. Another group of 20 male mice received d-limonene by gavage (d-limonene is noncarcinogenic in mice). The high dose of urethane caused early mortality in the majority of mice associated with histopathologic evidence of toxicity and tumors, including a high incidence of benign and malignant vascular tumors, in all animals. At the intermediate dose, toxicity was less marked and 3 of 20 mice had tumors; mice that received the low dose did not have signs of toxicity or neoplasia. The two control groups had no tumors and the d-limonene group had one tumor of the prostate, which was considered spontaneous. We conclude that the p53 knockout mouse is a useful tool for investigating vascular tumorogenesis.
Archives of Pathology, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nursing Programme
Authors: S. Beanland, L. J. Sproat, M. J. Darowski, Surgery S. Norman, L. Thompson, L. Medicus, Eliane Huwiler, Eva Kobel, A. Leijonmarck, S. Lundeberg, H. Ferngren, A. C. Lindholm, G. L. Olsson, Anita Duvndam, Sonia v. d. Sluis, J. Craig, A. Darbyshire, F. Horrox, D. Kitchiner, S. Chapman, L. Herouvin, J. Courtney, Q. Mok, D. Danschutter, J. Goris, J. Ramet, A. Franco, Maria Skogby, Karin Mellgren, Lars-Göran Friberg, Gösta Mellgren, Hans Wadenvik, Tezanos M. T. Hermana, Orive J. Pilar, Garcia J. Latorre, Azparr M. A. Lizarraga, Bayón J. Lopez, M. Jakomin, T. Kranjec, V. Sajovic, E. Kodran, J. Primožič, Joan Wierema, Marjan Mourik, M. Mourik, Corina Smits, J. C. Molenaar, D. Tibboel, Josien de Boer, J. Bouwmeester, E. M. Sonius, J. J. Verhoeven, K. F. M. Joosten, E. vd. Vooft, M. Petreska, B. Moder, Z. Janičijevič, A. Kovač, Muir Warren, Blondel Maryse, Foltz Rhonda, Farine Martine, Grillet Isabelle, Bosson Christa, Goelz Andrea, Helmer Pascale, P. Mikaelian, E. Ronin, O. Claris, B. L. Salle, Monika Schindler, I. Braganti, I. Despianques, R. Cimeno, M. T. Métivier, I. Papez, C. Delaitre, E. Schlumberger, C. Jeanne, D. Minier, F. Egrot, S. Saidani
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Electroenceph &amp; Clin Neurophysiol, Amsterdam
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Familial angioedema associated with C1 esterase-inhibitor deficiency. A new genetic variant in hereditary angioedema?
Authors: J. T. Chiu
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In the absence of a positive family history for hereditary angioedema (HAE), both siblings in a family were found to have clinical and laboratory findings similar to those in HAE. Both siblings became symptom free after receiving danazol treatment, accompanied by a subnormal rise in C1 esterase inhibitor and C4 levels. As both siblings and their father share HLA haplotype A2,B7, the influence of other HLA loci on the clinical expression of this disorder should be considered. Although the disorder found in these siblings may be inherited as a recessive disorder, which to our knowledge has never been described before, or may have developed as the result of spontaneous genetic mutation, it is more appropriate to classify these two cases as familial angioedema until proved otherwise. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1734-1736)