tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Liver Cancer: The Rush to Judgment
Authors: Frank A. Lederle, Christine Pocha
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Letters21 August 2012Screening for Liver Cancer: The Rush to JudgmentFrank A. Lederle, MD and Christine Pocha, MD, PhDFrank A. Lederle, MDFrom Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417.Search for more papers by this author and Christine Pocha, MD, PhDFrom Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-157-4-201208210-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Drs. Sherman and Bruix on 3 important points. First, they do not dispute our main thesis that there is no level I evidence to support screening for liver cancer. Guideline recommendations should therefore be downgraded accordingly and, in our view, not used as performance measures. Second, we agree that an RCT of liver cancer screening would be difficult. Randomized, controlled trials usually are, especially when the emotional issues surrounding cancer screening are involved. Nevertheless, they are necessary, as shown by the considerable literature that identifies the bias in evaluating screening tests, and thus supports Malcolm ...References1. Law M. Screening without evidence of efficacy [Editorial]. BMJ. 2004;328:301-2. [PMID: 14764465] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. de Koning HJ. Mammographic screening: evidence from randomised controlled trials. Ann Oncol. 2003;14:1185-9. [PMID: 12881373] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Poustchi H, Farrell GC, Strasser SI, Lee AU, McCaughan GW, George J. Feasibility of conducting a randomized control trial for liver cancer screening: is a randomized controlled trial for liver cancer screening feasible or still needed? Hepatology. . 2011;54:1998-2004. [PMID: 21800340] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Frank A. Lederle, MD; Christine Pocha, MD, PhDAffiliations: From Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M11-2678. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Liver Cancer: The Rush to Judgment Frank A. Lederle and Christine Pocha Screening for Liver Cancer: The Rush to Judgment Morris Sherman and Jordi Bruix Metrics Cited byDetection of key mRNAs in liver tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on machine learning and bioinformatics analysis 21 August 2012Volume 157, Issue 4Page: 301-302KeywordsCancer screeningLiverLiver diseasesLung and intrathoracic tumorsMortalityOvarian cancerPerformance measuresRandomized trialsSurgical resection ePublished: 21 August 2012 Issue Published: 21 August 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Editorial: Attributes of a rejected manuscript
Authors: J. D. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The Journalattempts to publish valid, readable manuscripts of interest and value to a general medical audience. Some editorial decisions are relatively easy. These involve submissions of obviously outstanding quality that conform toJournalformat or, alas, those of little or no merit. More often, however, editorial priorities are less easily set. Since we can publish only a small fraction of the manuscripts we receive, we must reject, although reluctantly, a substantial number of evident merit, on the basis of excessive length or narrow interest. Once such fairly clear-cut decisions are made, we must select among the many others competing for space inThe Journalpages. Our numerous expert consultants are of indispensable help in many of these selections. Ultimately, however, the editorial staff must make the decisions. It is interesting to examine certain characteristics common among the rejected ranks and likely absent from the accepted. In general, one or
A meta-analysis of methods to prevent venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement
Authors: T. F. Imperiale
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —While several methods of prophylaxis have been shown to reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement, the safest and most effective agent is unclear. To clarify this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of the randomized trials of methods used to prevent venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement. <h3>Data Source.</h3> —English-language human studies articles from 1966 through 1993 were obtained from a MEDLINE database search with indexing terms including<i>thromboembolism, hip replacement</i>or<i>hip prosthesis</i>, and<i>randomized controlled trials</i>. Additional references were obtained from study bibliographies. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —The following criteria were used to select studies for inclusion: study design—randomized clinical trial; study population—patients undergoing elective total hip replacement; interventions—aspirin, warfarin, dextran, heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, compression stockings; and outcomes— venous thromboembolism, major hemorrhage. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Methodological and descriptive data from each study were abstracted by one author who was blinded to quantitative outcomes data. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Ninety-one treatment groups and 25 control groups were identified from 56 trials. Four treatment groups were excluded because of rarely used combinations. Trial populations were clinically homogeneous. When compared with the control arm, all treatments except aspirin reduced the risk of all deep venous thromboses (risk differences range, 0.18 to 0.31; all<i>P</i>values &lt;.05). All treatments except aspirin reduced the risk of proximal venous thrombosis (risk differences range, 0.09 to 0.18; all<i>P</i>values &lt;.05). Only low-molecular-weight heparin and stockings reduced the risk of pulmonary embolism, both with risk differences equal to 0.02. The crude risks of clinically important bleeding as defined by the individual trials were 0% for stockings, 0.3% for controls, and 1.8% for low-molecular-weight heparin. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The results suggest that low-molecular-weight heparin and compression stockings have the greatest relative efficacy in preventing venous thromboembolism following total hip replacement. Low-molecular-weight heparin may be more effective, though at a small risk of clinically important bleeding. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1780-1785)
Book Reviews
Authors: Irena Heszen-Niejodek, Louis A. Gottschalk, Maciej Januszek, G. Majella de Jong, Eric van Sonderen, Paul M.G. Emmelkamp, Miranda A.L. van Tilburg, Elisabeth H.M. Eurelings-Bontekoe, Ad J.J.M. Vingerhoets, Guus L. van Heck, Barbara Mangweth, Georg Kemmler, Christoph Ebner, Christine De Col, Johannes Kinzl, Wilfried Biebl, Ad Vingerhoets, J. López-Castillo, M. Gurpegui, J.L. Ayuso-Mateos, J.D. Luna, J. Catalan, Carol S. Stilley, David J. Miller, Jan D. Manzetti, Ignazio R. Marino, Robert J. Keenan, Barbara Buddeberg-Fischer, Richard Klaghofer, Victoria Reed, Giovanni A. Fava, Lara Mangelli, Brunna Tuschen-Caffier, Claus Vögele, Mutsuhiro Nakao, Shinobu Nomura, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Toshiro Fujita, Tomifusa Kuboki
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)
LimeLight
Authors: Bruno Rushforth
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An exhibition showcasing the work of the arts and health organisation Lime CUBE (Centre for the Understanding of the Built Environment), 113-115 Portland Street, Manchester M1 6FB, from 10 to 29 October 2005 http://www.cube.org.uk/ Admission free Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> H ow important are the arts in health care? As a medical student trudging from one cancelled teaching session to the next, I remember going out of my way to pass by a beautiful light installation in the drab hospital corridors—an uplifting moment in an otherwise stressful day. Lime—an arts organisation that has been working for over 30 years in healthcare settings in Greater Manchester—is showcasing some of its most recent work in … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Obstetrical anesthesia in myocardial infarction and complete heart block
Authors: J. G. Giuffrida
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To our knowledge, no case of pregnancy complicated by complete heart block and old myocardial infarction has been reported. In this communication, we shall describe the obstetrical course and anesthetic management of a pregnant patient with these unusual complications. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 35-year-old woman was admitted to Metropolitan Hospital in December 1960 with an acute myocardial infarction of the anterior wall, complete heart block, and syphilitic aortitis. Before this admission, she had delivered four children uneventfully, the last child having been born in May 1960. After treatment of the acute episode, she was followed up by the Home Care Service as a class 3-C cardiac (as defined by the New York Heart Association). She received pentaerythritol tetranitrate, 10 mg four times a day, and her physical activities were restricted because of easy fatiguability and angina pectoris. At age 40, the patient again became pregnant. Her expected date of
ALCOHOL AS A FOOD, AGAIN.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Demonstration of free radical generation in ′Ξstunned” myocardium of intact dogs with the use of the spin trap α-phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The third and fourth lines in the left column should read: "reperfusion averaged 4,351 U/g but ranged from 720 to 9,250 U/g (a 13-fold difference).In both group I"
Reply
Authors: Zobair M. Younossi
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Reply: We appreciate the comments about our recent review article.1 We agree that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a phenotype that can potentially progress to adverse outcomes, including liver‐related mortality.1 Given this potential for adverse outcomes, NASH patients should be the target of efficacy trials.1 Although a number of diagnostic tests are being developed, a validated, noninvasive test for NASH which can serve as a surrogate for mortality is not available.3 We also agree that NASH is a consequence of "hits" from multiple pathogenic pathways, and treatment regimens must address these targets.2 In this context, a number of approaches can be undertaken. One approach is to target NASH‐related cases with an antifibrotic regimen.1 In contrast, another approach requires dealing with the upstream pathogenic pathways responsible for NASH.1 In both strategies, multidrug combinations seem more promising. On the other hand, safety and efficacy of each drug must be carefully considered, and the synergistic effects of multidrug regimens on both safety and efficacy must be assessed. Given the fact that pathways responsible for NASH are not completely curable, a two‐phase treatment may be required. The first phase will likely require a multidrug regimen for 6‐12 months, followed by a long‐term maintenance phase. As we develop these regimens, it is critical that the endpoints chosen for the clinical trials are true surrogates of the most important clinical outcomes, such as survival. Finally, it is important to show that the data from the efficacy trials are supported by the effectiveness data obtained from real‐world practices.2 In summary, the future treatment of NASH will most likely require a multidrug regimen provided in two phases that include an initial phase and a long‐term maintenance phase. Although endpoints to improve the clinical outcomes are important, it is also important that these regimens improve patient‐reported outcomes with a positive economic profile for the society.5
Agricultural Production Systems and Environmental Health
Authors: Terry B. Kinney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

By the turn of the century, American farmers and ranchers will be producing food and fiber through the application of highly sophisticated systems that involve a broad spectrum of relevant factors--from soil type, to options for fertilizer and pesticide use, to markets and other economic information. These systems will help farmers and ranchers better match land use to land capability, apply needed conservation practices, make environmentally sound production choices, and lower production costs. Most importantly, they will aid in selecting the best combinations of chemical and the biological means for producing and protecting plants and animals. The systems will also help complement currently available and new classes of chemicals with biological control mechanisms such as natural predators and naturally occurring protective phenomena such as allelopathy and other forms of resistance to insects, weeds, and disease. Additionally, they will incorporate the use of biodegradable, slow-release, or timed-release natural and synthetic pest control materials. Also, scientists will increasingly emphasize nutrition and food safety in the development of plant and animal germplasm and production and processing methods.
A NEW METHOD OF PREPARING WAX BULB CATHETERS OR BOUGIES FOR USE THROUGH ANY OPERATING CYSTOSCOPE
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstracts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1966)

The authors report their experience of the use of benzathine penicillin as a preventive against rheumatic fever at the U.S. Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, Illinois, where 17-to 20-year-old recruits undergo a 9- week training course.Benzathine penicillin was em- ployed in two main ways.In the first scheme 0 * 6 or 1 2 million units was given intramuscularly within 10 days when epidemics of streptococcal infection appeared, the aim being to stop the epidemic; this is referred to as "mass prophylaxis".In the second scheme each new recruit was given an injection of benzathine penicillin at some specific time during his early training with the aim of preventing outbreaks of streptococcal disease; this was called "tandem prophylaxis".The efficacy of these schemes of prophylaxis was determined by the incidence of Group-A streptococcal infections as shown by culture from a throat swab and also by the incidence of rheumatic fever.In one winter (1956-57) mass prophylaxis with the use of 0-6 million units of benzathine penicillin was first car- ried out followed by tandem prophylaxis with the same dose given in the fourth week of training.This appeared to be successful as only one case of rheumatic fever occur- red among the 5,000 recruits undergoing training during the study period.In the following year the tandem method alone was adopted, 0-6 million units of benza- thine penicillin again being given in the fourth week of training, but this was not so successful, there being 31 cases of rheumatic fever among 14,993 recruits at risk.Prophylactic programmes were then devised employing a dose of 1-2 million units of benzathine penicillin in the first week of recruit training and starting in either October or November, but they could not be carried out as planned owing to the occurrence of outbreaks of streptococcal infection earlier than expected.It was also found that many recruits contracted streptococcal infec- tion in the later weeks of training, beyond the expected duration of the protective effect of 1 -2 million units of benzathine penicillin.It became clear not only that streptococcal disease was endemic at the training centre, but that the time for outbreaks of disease was unpredict- able.For these reasons all-the-year-round prophylaxis was finally adopted, an injection of 1 2 million units of benzathine penicillin being given to every recruit in the second week of training.This programme was found to be the most effective, rheumatic fever virtually dis- appearing.
Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India
Authors: Uttam K. Chowdhury, Bhajan K. Biswas, Tarit Roy Chowdhury, Gautam Samanta, Badal K. Mandal, Gautam C. Basu, Chitta R. Chanda, Dilip Lodh, Khitish C. Saha, Subhas K. Mukherjee, Sibtosh Roy, Saiful Kabir, Quazi Quamruzzaman, Dipankar Chakraborti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Nine districts in West Bengal, India, and 42 districts in Bangladesh have arsenic levels in groundwater above the World Health Organization maximum permissible limit of 50 microg/L. The area and population of the 42 districts in Bangladesh and the 9 districts in West Bengal are 92,106 km(2) and 79.9 million and 38,865 km(2) and 42.7 million, respectively. In our preliminary study, we have identified 985 arsenic-affected villages in 69 police stations/blocks of nine arsenic-affected districts in West Bengal. In Bangladesh, we have identified 492 affected villages in 141 police stations/blocks of 42 affected districts. To date, we have collected 10,991 water samples from 42 arsenic-affected districts in Bangladesh for analysis, 58,166 water samples from nine arsenic-affected districts in West Bengal. Of the water samples that we analyzed, 59 and 34%, respectively, contained arsenic levels above 50 microg/L. Thousands of hair, nail, and urine samples from people living in arsenic-affected villages have been analyzed to date; Bangladesh and West Bengal, 93 and 77% samples, on an average, contained arsenic above the normal/toxic level. We surveyed 27 of 42 districts in Bangladesh for arsenic patients; we identified patients with arsenical skin lesions in 25 districts. In West Bengal, we identified patients with lesions in seven of nine districts. We examined people from the affected villages at random for arsenical dermatologic features (11,180 and 29,035 from Bangladesh and West Bengal, respectively); 24.47 and 15.02% of those examined, respectively, had skin lesions. After 10 years of study in West Bengal and 5 in Bangladesh, we feel that we have seen only the tip of iceberg.
Zh Mikrobiol, Epidem i Immunobiol, Moscow
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NECROLOGY.
Authors: None J. M. T.
Journal: JAMA (1885)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal