tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Flaky
Authors: Ronald A. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

It was a beautiful, warm afternoon in September when I first met Daniel. He stood rather apprehensively in the center of the examination room, dressed, it seemed, for winter. On a day when I had already seen several other students dressed in T-shirts and shorts, Daniel wore a long-sleeved flannel shirt buttoned to the neck and baggy corduroy slacks. His large, sad eyes were almost hidden by his hair, which was carefully combed down over his forehead, giving him the appearance of someone who might have been just released after being institutionalized for many years. In fact, he was a new college freshman in the school of engineering at the state university near my office, and had been referred to me by the student health service. "Doc," he blurted, "I can't stand it anymore. I just want to be able to be with other people without having them look at me like I'm a leper, like they might catch what I have. I want to be able to hold a girl's hand, to go to the beach in the summer. Please. Please help me." As he began to undress, fine silvery scales fell freely in a shower around him. I was reminded of the forlorn snowman in a fluid-filled paperweight that would
Clinical Applications of Radioactive Isotopes
Authors: John D. Reeves
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

Tumor LocalizationTumor diagnosis or localization, or both, is not feasible across the whole spectrum of tumors. Most methods involve the injection or ingestion of an isotope followed by counting over the suspicious area.35 In general, slowly growing tumors show low uptakes; meningiomas are one exception to this "rule." Necrotic or cystic parts of a tumor will take up less isotope than actively growing portions. Vascular tumors may show increased uptake (which may be, in part, a reflection of the volume of blood in the tumor). Inflammatory reactions often produce an increased uptake owing to local increased vascularity as well . . .
Thyroid diseases among atomic bomb survivors in Nagasaki
Authors: S. Nagataki
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To elucidate the current thyroid disease status for the Nagasaki Adult Health Study cohort of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Nagasaki, Japan. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Cohort members of the Nagasaki Adult Health Study who received biennial health examinations from October 1984 to April 1987 (n=2856). A total of 2587 subjects remained after exclusion of persons exposed in Hiroshima or in utero and those who were not in Nagasaki at the time of the bombing. Thyroid radiation dose by the dosimetry system established in 1986 was available for 1978 of the 2587 subjects. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Thyroid diseases were diagnosed using uniform procedures including ultrasonic scanning. The relationship of the prevalence of each thyroid disease with thyroid radiation dose, sex, and age was analyzed using logistic models. <h3>Results.</h3> —A significant dose-response relationship was observed for solid nodules, which include cancer, adenoma, adenomatous goiter, and nodules without histological diagnosis, and for antibody-positive spontaneous hypothyroidism (autoimmune hypothyroidism) but not for other diseases. The prevalence of solid nodules showed a monotonic dose-response relationship, yet that of autoimmune hypothyroidism displayed a concave dose-response relationship reaching a maximum (±SE) level of 0.7±0.2 Sv. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The present study confirmed the results of previous studies by showing a significant increase in solid nodules with dose to the thyroid and demonstrated for the first time a significant increase in autoimmune disease among atomic bomb survivors. A concave dose-response relationship indicates the necessity for further studies on the effects of relatively low doses of radiation on thyroid disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:364-370)
The Effect of Diltiazem on Mortality and Reinfarction after Myocardial Infarction
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

We studied the effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction in 2466 patients with previous infarction from 38 hospitals in the United States and Canada. The patients were randomly assigned to receive diltiazem (240 mg per day, n = 1234) or placebo (n = 1232) and followed for 12 to 52 months (mean, 25). Total mortality rates were nearly identical among the two treatment groups (167 and 166, respectively), as were cumulative mortality rates. There were 11 percent fewer first recurrent cardiac events (death from cardiac causes or nonfatal reinfarction) in the diltiazem group than in the placebo group (202 vs. 226; Cox hazard ratio, 0.90; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.74 and 1.08). A significant (P = 0.0042) bidirectional interaction between diltiazem and pulmonary congestion was observed on x-ray examination. In 1909 patients without pulmonary congestion, diltiazem was associated with a reduced number of cardiac events (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.61 and 0.98); in 490 patients with pulmonary congestion, diltiazem was associated with an increased number of cardiac events (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.01 and 1.96). A similar pattern was observed with respect to the ejection fraction, which was dichotomized at 0.40. Thus, diltiazem exerted no overall effect on mortality or cardiac events in this population of patients with previous infarction. This neutral effect reflected a diltiazem-related reduction in cardiac events in the majority of patients without left ventricular dysfunction and an increase in such events in the minority of patients with left ventricular dysfunction. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:385–92.)
Measles in adults. An unforeseen consequence of immunization?
Authors: K. H. Rand
Journal: JAMA (1976)

An outbreak of measles occurred in California in the first half of 1975, especially in the San Francisco Bay area. Of four adult patients with complicated cases, two were receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy, and both died from a giant-cell pneumonia. The clinical presentation in such cases may be atypical, and special viral isolation and immunofluorescent techniques may be diagnostically helpful. A significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.0005) trend toward the occurrence of measles in adolescents was observed in this epidemic, which may also occur in future epidemics elsewhere. With widespread but incomplete immunization, it is possible for the nonimmunized to reach adulthood without acquiring natural infection. As a result, internists as well as pediatricians will have to consider the possibility of measles and be aware of its serious potential in the immunosuppressed patient. (<i>JAMA</i>236:1028-1031, 1976)
Should healthy volunteers in clinical trials be paid according to risk? No
Authors: J. Saunders
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Eleri Jones</b> and <b>Kathleen Liddell</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.b4142) argue that objections to paying according to risk are paternalistic, but <b>John Saunders</b> thinks that it would lead to people being exposed to unacceptable danger
Renin Inhibitors
Authors: Edgar Haber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Renin has been studied for a very long time, but only recently has it emerged from the status of an experimental curiosity to that of a hormone centrally involved in blood-pressure homeostasis. Unlike the products of other endocrine organs, which may be eliminated when the organ is ablated to reveal the essential function of the hormone, renin is secreted by an organ, the juxtaglomerular apparatus, consisting of a series of microscopic structures intimately associated with the afferent arterioles of the glomerulus. These structures cannot be mechanically separated without removal of the kidney and therefore, at the same time, of one . . .
Views of the Medical Research Council on the Green Paper "A Framework for Government Research and Development"
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The Council recognize the research needs of Government departments and wish to play their part in meeting them (paragraph 4). The Council have an important role in the national research effort (paragraph 5). Coherent policies in medical research are essential for the best use of resources (paragraph 6). The customer/contractor relationship is inappropriate to most biomedical research (paragraph 8). Transfer of 25% of the Council's budget to departments would, in the long term, hinder the advance of medical practice (paragraph 9). Short-term consequences for universities would be severe (paragraph 10). It would be uneconomical for departments to duplicate machinery for making detailed research policy choices (paragraph 11). A better partnership that will meet the needs of government should be developed between departments and the Council (paragraph 12). Respective responsibilities of departments and the Council in research should be redefined (paragraph 12a). Government funds for medical and related research should be reapportioned in relation to responsibilities (paragraph 12b). A basis is proposed for future partnership with departments, which is not dependent on financial sanctions (paragraph 12c). The Council favour establishment of a board similar to that proposed in the Dainton report (Annex 2).
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF MOVABLE KIDNEY.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
KERATOSIS PUNCTATA.
Authors: J. B. ROSS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1963)

Journal Article KERATOSIS PUNCTATA. Get access J. B. ROSS, M.B., B.S. J. B. ROSS, M.B., B.S. Registrar Professorial Department of Dermatology, University of Durham, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 75, Issue 12, 1 December 1963, Pages 478–483, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1963.tb13931.x Published: 01 December 1963
Differential induction of prehepatic and hepatic metabolism of verapamil by rifampin
Authors: M Fromm
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which metabolize numerous drugs, are expressed both in liver and in extrahepatic tissues. CYP3A4 for example is present and inducible by rifampin in epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been shown that such prehepatic metabolism contributes substantially to total clearance of CYP3A4 substrates (e.g., cyclosporine) before and even more pronounced during enzyme induction. We examined the effect of enzyme induction on prehepatic and hepatic metabolism of the model compound R/S-verapamil after simultaneous oral and intravenous administration using a stable isotope technology. This approach allows us to exclude intraindividual day-to-day variability and is therefore suitable to quantitatively assess prehepatic extraction of high-clearance drugs. Moreover, because verapamil is administered as a race-mate with the S-enantiomer being preferentially metabolized, we investigated the influence of induction on stereoselectivity of prehepatic and hepatic metabolism. Eight male volunteers received 120 mg of racemic verapamil bid for 24 days. Rifampin (600 mg daily) was given from day 5 to day 16. Systemic clearance and bioavailability of the verapamil enantiomers were determined by coadministering deuterated verapamil intravenously on day 4, on day 16, and on day 24. Effects of verapamil on atrioventricular conduction after oral and intravenous (iv) administration were assessed by measuring the maximum PR-interval prolongation Rifampin increased the systemic clearance of the active S-verapamil 1.3-fold (P < .001). In contrast, rifampin increased the apparent oral clearance of S- verapamil 32-fold (P < .001) and decreased its bioavailability 25-fold (P < .001), with partial recovery after rifampin withdrawal (P < .01). With rifampin, the effect of oral verapamil on atrioventricular conduction was nearly abolished (P < .01), whereas no significant changes were observed after intravenous administration. Induction caused a considerable reduction of stereoselectivity after both intravenous and oral administration (P < .001). Rifampin altered the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacological effects of verapamil to a much greater extent after oral administration compared with intravenous administration. These data clearly indicate that prehepatic metabolism of verapamil (presumably in the gut wall) is preferentially induced compared with hepatic metabolism and that stereoselectivity of verapamil metabolism is affected by induction.
Johns Hopkins' Panelists Look Ahead: The Challenge To Epidemiologists
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P1183 : Ursodeoxycholic acid inhibits hepatic cystogenesis in experimental models of polycystic liver disease
Authors: P. Muñoz, J.J. Garcia Marín, M.J. Perugorria, A.D. Urribarri, E. Saez, M. Uriz, S. Sarvide, A. Portu, A. Concepción, M. Rodriguez Romero, M.J. Monte, A. Santos-Laso, E. Hijona, R. Jimenez-Agüero, M. Marzioni, U. Beuers, T.V. Masyuk, N.F. LaRusso, J. Prieto, J.P.H. Drenth, L. Bujanda, J.M. Bañales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2015)
Enhancing the outcomes of low-birth-weight, premature infants. A multisite, randomized trial. The Infant Health and Development Program
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Benzodiazepines and withdrawal psychosis. Report of three cases
Authors: S. H. Preskorn
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Three cases of acute psychotic illness following sudden withdrawal from high daily doses of benzodiazepines were associated with agitation and confusion. Disorientation was prominent in two of the patients. None of the patients had had previous psychotic episodes. The condition of all patients was reversed dramatically with hypnotic drugs. Gradual withdrawal was successfully accomplished without relapse, with a follow-up of as much as one year. To our knowledge, this is the first such series in the literature. (<i>JAMA</i>237:36-38, 1977)
Nosocomial Zoonoses
Authors: Leonard C. Marcus, Eugenia Marcus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

There are hundreds of diseases known as zoonoses that are transmissible from lower vertebrates such as fish, birds, and other animals to humans. The many modes of transmission include direct contact (e.g., Microsporum canis infection), scratch (cat scratch fever), bite (rabies), inhalation (ornithosis), contact with urine or feces (leptospirosis), and ingestion of meat (infection with beef tapeworm), dairy products (listeriosis), eggs (salmonellosis), or feces (Campylobacter jejuni infection), as well as contact with arthropod intermediate hosts (Trypanosoma rhodesiense). Many emerging and reemerging diseases are zoonoses, including hantavirus infections and most viral hemorrhagic fevers. Human immunodeficiency viruses probably originated . . .
OC-162 The role of micrornas MIR-31 AND MIR-155 in the deregulation of the IL-13 pathway in ulcerative colitis
Authors: M Gwiggner, A Claridge, F Cummings, T Sanchez-Elsner
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa driven by a Th2-like response in which IL-13 leads to toxic effects to the mucosa and activation of the IL-13/STAT6 pathways. Inhibition of STAT6 activation has been shown to reduce the inflammatory response in UC. MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs inhibiting gene expression by pairing to the 3’ UnTranslated Region (3’UTR) of their target mRNAs facilitating their translational repression/degradation. MiR-31 and miR-155 have been shown to be up-regulated in active UC and are involved in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Both microRNAs have been identified to target IL13Rα1. <h3>Methods</h3> Paired biopsies from inflamed and non-inflamed areas of the sigmoid colon were taken in 11 UC patients. MicroRNA expression and mRNA expression of IL-13 dependant genes were assessed by qPCR. In vitro experiments on a human colonic cell line (HT-29 cells) and a macrophage/monocytic cell line (THP-1 cells) were stimulated with IL-13. SOCS1 and IL13Rα1 mRNA expression were measured by qPCR in the presence or absence of transfection with pre-miR-31, pre-miR-155 or a combination of both. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. <h3>Results</h3> Our data shows a significant up-regulation of miR-31 and miR-155, as well as significant increase of IL-13 dependant mRNA expression of CCL18, SOCS1, Serpine and MMP-9 and a decrease of IL13Rα1 mRNA expression by 30% in the active segments of UC as compared to inactive disease. In vitro experiments on HT-29 cells and on THP-1 cells showed a marked reduction of mRNA expression of SOCS1 and IL13Rα1 in both cell types after treatment with pre-miR-31 and pre-miR-155 and their combination at a quarter of the original dose of each single pre-miR was equally efficacious. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our data reveals a clear up-regulation of miR-31 and miR-155 in inflamed UC as compared to neighbouring inactive tissue in the same patient. IL-13 dependant mRNA expression is also significantly increased in the same samples. The fact that IL13Rα1 mRNA expression is down-regulated in active disease in the presence of high levels of miR-31 and miR-155 may indicate a protective role for these microRNAs attempting to reduce IL13Rα1 expression and therefore the STAT6 pathway activation by IL-13 through IL13Rα1. Reduction of IL13Rα1 mRNA expression in our in vitro models transfected with pre-miRs confirms this finding. Interestingly the combination of the two microRNAs at lower doses achieving the same effect may indicate a possible synergy of action. MicroRNAs targeting IL13Rα1 in UC could have a potential therapeutic effect by down-regulation of the IL-13/STAT6 pathway and combination of microRNAs may have a synergistic effect. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Brain Repair
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal