tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CANCER MORBIDITY
Authors: George H. Bigelow
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In outlining the cancer program of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health, the need for cancer morbidity statistics was at once apparent. While mortality figures and hospital records for this disease are available and have been freely studied, little is known regarding cancer morbidity in the community at large. Those who die of cancer can be enumerated, but the numbers who recover from this disease are largely estimated. In an effort to determine the extent of the disease in Massachusetts, various mathematical compilations were made; but these are all theoretical and may not even approximate the truth (Cancer in Massachusetts,<i>Boston M. &amp; S. J</i>.<b>194</b>:388 [March 4] 1926). To offset this lack of knowledge, it has been suggested that cancer be made a reportable disease. In Massachusetts, at least, this would be a distinct innovation, since at present all reportable diseases are communicable. As this
Ultrasonic device wins neurosurgeon praise
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Innovative instruments that have come into use in this country in the past few years now enable neurosurgeons routinely to remove benign or malignant CNS tumors that might once have frustrated their best efforts. Fred Epstein, MD, professor of neurosurgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York City, told the recent Congress of Neurological Surgeons meeting in Chicago that the CUSA (Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator), developed by Cooper Medical Corp, Santa Clara, Calif, is one of the most efficacious of these devices. The CUSA permits the neurosurgeon to remove large tumors from teh inside out, "debulking" them quickly and effectively, without traction or manipulation and with minimal transmission of movement to adjacent normal tissues. The instrument's hollow titanium tip, vibrating 23,000 times per second, rapidly fragments even firm tumors. Simultaneously, it delivers an irrigating solution that converts the fragmented tissue into an emulsion and then aspirates the particles, leaving
Self Examinations of Medical Students.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Functional exploration of CCNE1 splicing forms as a possible link to bladder cancer susceptibility
Authors: Indu Kohaar, Alexandra Scott-Johnson, Yi-Ping Fu, Patricia Porter-Gill, Ludmila Prokunina-Olsson
Journal: Genome biology (2011)

Deep exome resequencing is a powerful approach for delineating patterns of protein-coding variation among genes, pathways, individuals and populations.We analyzed exome data from 2,440 individuals of European and African ancestry as part of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Exome Project, the aim of which is to discover novel genes and mechanisms that contribute to heart, lung and blood disorders.Each exome was sequenced to a mean coverage of 116×, allowing detailed inferences about the population genomic patterns of both common variation and rare coding variation.We identifi ed more than 500,000 single nucleotide variations, the majority of which were novel and rare (76% of variants had a minor allele frequency of less than 0.1%), refl ecting the recent dramatic increase in the size of the human population.The unprecedented magnitude of this dataset allowed us to rigorously characterize the large variation in nucleotide diversity among genes (ranging from 0 to 1.32%), as well as the role of positive and purifying selection in shaping patterns of proteincoding variation and the diff erential signatures of population structure from rare and common variation.This dataset provides a framework for personal genomics and is an important resource that will allow inferences of broad importance to human evolution and health.
Establishing Generic Remediation Goals for the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Critical Issues
Authors: Peter K. LaGoy, Tamsen C. Quirk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were one of the first classes of compounds identified as carcinogens and are often chemicals of concern at hazardous waste sites. Remediation goals established by regulatory agencies for carcinogenic PAHs in soil are generally either risk based or based on the method detection limits. PAHs are products of incomplete combustion, are components of petroleum, and as such, are prevalent in the environment from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Background concentrations are often above risk- or detection limit-based criteria, and therefore these remediation goals are of limited practical use as target criteria. In addition, the approaches used to establish target criteria do not account for several factors that may produce over- or underestimates of risk associated with the PAHs. Because of the frequency with which these compounds are detected, it is imperative that reasonably achievable and practical remediation goals be established. This paper examines the various factors that contribute to over- and underestimates of risks associated with PAHs and presents an approach for establishing cleanup criteria that takes into account health risks, background concentrations, and achievability.
Self-Reported Asthma Prevalence and Control Among Adults—United States, 2001
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Asthma is a chronic illness that has been increasing in prevalence in the United States since 1980. In 2000, asthma accounted for 4,487 deaths, approximately 465,000 hospitalizations, an estimated 1.8 million emergency department (ED) visits, and approximately 10.4 million physician office visits among persons of all ages. To provide prevalence data for state and local health department asthma programs, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) collects data each year from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and three U.S. territories. This report summarizes asthma prevalence data for adults collected from the 2001 BRFSS survey and from the eight states that used the adult asthma history module. Findings from BRFSS indicate that approximately 7.2% of U.S. adults have current asthma. ED visits for asthma varied more than any other characteristic among the eight states that used the adult asthma history module. In Mississippi, 67.3% of respondents with current asthma reported no ED visits during the preceding 12 months, compared with 87.6% in Washington state. Continued use of the BRFSS asthma prevalence questions and the asthma history module will allow state health departments to monitor trends in asthma prevalence and control and to direct public health asthma interventions.
Infant Botulism—New York City, 2001-2002
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Infant botulism results from germination of swallowed spores of botulinum toxin-producing clostridia that colonize the large intestine temporarily. Four cases of type B infant botulism in one New York City (NYC) borough were diagnosed within a 12-month period during 2001-2002. All four patients resided in Staten Island (2000 population: 443,728). The annual incidence of infant botulism in the United States is two cases per 100,000 live births; incidence in NYC is four cases per 100,000 live births. Staten Island recorded 5,899 live births in 2000; incidence of infant botulism during this 12-month period was 68 cases per 100,000 live births. This report summarizes the investigation of these four cases; as expected with infant botulism, a common source of exposure was not identified. All four patients recovered after treatment and were discharged from local hospitals. State and local health departments should be notified promptly when infant botulism is suspected to arrange diagnostic testing.
LA GRIPPE.
Authors: JOHN E. LINK
Journal: JAMA (1892)

C. H. Hughes, M.D., Dear<i>Friend</i>:—I have been much interested in your article, published in The Journal of February 27, 1892, on "Influenza as a Neurotic Disease." Since my first experience with the disease in the winter of 1889-90, I have regarded it as one of depression of the nerve centers, anœmia of the ultimate brain cells, as I conceive it. That the disease dates from the onset of fever and chill, or influenza, I am and ever have been seriously at a doubt. Patients marked out for such phenomena are for weeks prior to such attacks the subjects of langour and paleness, of countenance. Many of the cases in this locality have almost entirely escaped fever and rigor, a few having little or no cough, all more or less suffering from neuralgia about the head or face, mostly, as they express it, a pain in the back of the
BELGIUM
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reduced expression of glutathione S-transferase Yb2 during progression of chemically induced hepatocellular carcinomas in Fischer 344 rats
Authors: M Stalker
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We followed the expression of several glutathione S-transferase subunits in altered foci, liver neoplasms and metastases produced in male Fischer 344 rats by a modified Solt-Farber protocol, to determine whether components of the resistant phenotype are lost during neoplastic progression. At 6 mo after initiation, altered foci and persistent nodules displayed increased immunohistochemical expression of glutathione S-transferase subunits Yf (π-class), Ya (α-class) and Yb1 (μ-class) in comparison with normal or surrounding liver tissue. However, although most altered foci exhibited little change in glutathione S-transferase Yb2 (μ-class) subunit expression, 5% of Yf-positive foci and nodules were partially or completely deficient in Yb2 expression. At 12 and 18 mo after initiation, most grossly visible hepatocellular tumors retained induced expression of glutathione S-transferase subunits Yf, Ya and Yb1, but 63% of the carcinomas, 88% of the primary metastatic carcinomas and 94% of the pulmonary metastases were deficient in Yb2 expression. These differences in glutathione S-transferase subunit expression were confirmed by quantitative analysis by reverse-phase HPLC of S-hexylglutathione affinity-purified glutathione S-transferases from advanced tumors. Cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity for trans-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one in advanced tumors ranged from 42% to 66% of the activity in matched surrounding liver, whereas glutathione S-transferase activities for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene were increased by 140% to 161%. These studies demonstrate that progression of hepatocellular carcinomas in the resistant hepatocyte model of carcinogenesis in which several glutathione S-transferase subunits are induced is associated with the loss of a major constitutive μ-class hepatic glutathione S-transferase. Although the mechanism and role of the reduction or loss of glutathione S-transferase Yb2 during malignant progression are unknown, we propose that loss of glutathione S-transferase Yb2 in some preneoplastic populations of hepatocytes might be conducive to further DNA damage by presently unknown environmental or endogenous compounds that are normally detoxified preferentially by glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes containing this subunit. (Hepatology 1994;20:149-158.)
Spasmodic torticollis.
Journal: BMJ (1978)

1978retinoblastoma.Li and Jaffe20 reported on 46 patients who produced 107 pregnancies after treatment for malignant disease in childhood.There was no increase in abortions, stillbirths, cancer, or major chronic disease in the offspring.Possibly early death ofan embryo might have passed unnoticed; recessive mutation would not be detectable in such a study.We need long-term prospective studies of gonadal function and sexual development in children treated for cancer.The risk of permanent gonadal damage should be definable in both sexes in relation to the intensity of treatment and the age at the start.The collaborative follow-up study of childhood cancer survivors in Britain being organised by the Childhood Cancer Research Group2l should make such investigations easier to arrange.
THE ITALIAN SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL ANTHROPOLOGY.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ACQUIRED PORPHYRIA
Authors: Rudi Schmid
Journal: JAMA (1963)

In this issue ofThe Journal(page 88) Cam and Nigogosyan report their clinical observations made on 348 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. This large number of patients afflicted with a relatively rare disease was seen in the course of 4 years in 3 southeastern provinces of Turkey, where Dr. Cam is regional dermatologist. He had been holding this governmental position for a number of years without having observed a single patient suspected of having porphyria, when first, in the summer of 1955, and then, in much larger numbers, during the following summer, patients visiting his clinic showed symptoms characteristic of porphyria cutanea tarda. He correctly suspected a toxic cause for this sudden appearance of a syndrome which usually is considered of hereditary nature. Through epidemiological inquiries, his suspicion centered on hexachlorobenzene, a chemical used since 1955 by the government to protect seed wheat from fungal contamination. The time of
Hypertension. II.
Authors: A Macgregor, J Petrie, R Wood
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Dr. WOOD: Our third patient* is a man aged 63; he complained of headache, rapidly failing eyesight, and in- creasing breathlessness at night.His blood pressure was recorded as 160/110 mm Hg when he had an inguinal herniorrhaphy 15 years ago.On this admission it was found to be 280/160 mm Hg.His heart was enlarged and he had bilat- eral papilloedema with many haemorrhages and exudates, and a prominent macular star.His E.C.G. showed signs of gross left ventricular hypertrophy and strain, while the blood urea was 50 mg/100 ml, and the urine contained some albumin and red cells.We gave him oral bendrofluazide, which relieved his left ventricular failure, and the hypertension has been controlled with bethanidine, increasing over six weeks to a dose of 20 mg four times daily.He now has a supine pressure of 220/115 mm Hg, falling to 160/90 mm Hg on standing and 130/70 mm Hg on exercise.The papilloedema has regressed and no new haemorrhages can be seen.The urine is now free of blood and albumin, the urea is stable at 60-70 mg/100 ml, and the creatinine clearance is 45 ml/min.Professor MACGREGOR: This is a case of "accelerated" essential hypertension.I would not criticize the doctors who did not treat his hypertension 15 years ago.That was quite early in the ganglion blocker era, and at that time symptomless patients were seldom treated, and, more relevantly, were rarely reviewed.That one can reverse this accelerated phase comes across well in this instance.The prognosis is poor in patients like this, but he can certainly expect to survive longer than those with grossly impaired renal function.Why did you use bethanidine in this case?Dr. WOOD: Bethanidine and guanethidine are both potent adrenergic neurone blocking drugs.They probably act by in- terfering with the release of noradrenaline at the postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings.When they are given in higher doses (particularly guanethidine) the actual concentration of amines may be reduced.Both drugs cause considerable postural hypotension, especially bethanidine with which further falls in pressure may occur on exercise.Men on these drugs frequently become impotent.Guanethidine causes more troublesome side effects than bethanidine, notably stuffiness of the nose, explosive diarrhoea, and bradycardia.The doses needed of these drugs tend to rise in the first few weeks of treatment, so that it is a good thing if dosage can be stabilized in hospital.It is easier to adjust the dosage with bethanidine, which is a short-acting drug.Guanethidine is a cumulative drug and a change in dosage may produce effects lasting for up to a week.
Physician travelers
Authors: M. C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

P hysicians have long been fond of travel. According to Singer and Underwood, Egyptian doctors traveled widely and attended most of the monarchs of the ancient world. Hippocrates led a wandering life. Galen made long journeys to extend his knowledge. Medieval adventurous spirits journeyed from Christian Europe into Spain to obtain access to Arabic learning. Paracelsus was essentially a wanderer. Later physicians have also traveled, for study, scientific investigation, pleasure, or as medical advisers to military, diplomatic, or exploratory expeditions. Today, doctors attend medical conventions and seminar cruises, or join chartered flights sponsored by medical societies. When they return they usually want to tell their friends about what they have seen, often exhibiting slides of the more spectacular sights. Before the days of photography, many physician travelers wrote books about their trips. Eighteen books written between 1677 and 1887 by physicians who traveled for many different reasons, have now been
Metabolic Activation/Deactivation Reactions during Perinatal Development
Authors: G. W. Lucier, E. M. K. Lui, C. A. Lamartiniere
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The role of metabolic activation/deactivation reactions during development is evaluated in relation to developmental pharmacology and toxicology. Enzyme systems evaluated include the mixed-function oxidases (aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and oxidative demethylation), epoxide hydration and conjugation (glutathione conjugation, sulfation, and glucuronidation). Placental transfer and milk secretion of chemicals are discussed in relation to maternal, placental, and fetal metabolism. Normal patterns of enzyme development can be modified in two ways: (1) enzyme induction and (2) enzyme imprinting. Postnatal induction of the mixed-function oxidases and glucuronyl-transferase following treatment of pregnant rats with TCDD is shown to be caused primarily by newborn exposure to TCDD in milk. Structure-activity relationship are defined for the perinatal induction of hepatic enzymes by the pure PCBs. PCBs are divided into two classes: P-450 inducers and P-448 inducers. Imprinting or programming of hepatic metabolism is a function of the sexual differentiation of enzyme activity; male and female activities are similar in prepubertal animals, whereas pronounced sex differences are evident in adults. Treatment of newborn rats (days 2--6) with diethystilbestrol or testosterone resulted in a feminization (decrease) of mixed-function oxidation and glucuronidation in adult males. No changes were seen in immature males or females or adult females. This effect appears to be irreversible and is under pituitary-hypothalamic-gonadal control. In addition to the feminization of enzyme activity, neonatal exposure to hormonally active chemicals also feminizes the hepatic response to cadmium in resultant adult animals.
Outcome of patients with multiple glandular metastases from renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted agents
Authors: P. Grassi, V. Grunwald, B. Melichar, L. Galli, U. De Giorgi, R. Sabbatini, C. Ortega, M. Santoni, L. Derosa, L. Porcu, R. Ratta, A. Mennitto, E. Verzoni, F. de Braud, C. Porta, B. Escudier, G. Procopio
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Innovative Program for Mentally Ill Inmates
Authors: M. Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal