tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Marketing medicine to today's consumer
Authors: B. W. Nowak
Journal: JAMA (1979)

IN THE not too distant past, the popular public attitude toward physicians was one of respect bordering on reverence. The individual physician's reputation was enhanced by his association with the medical profession at large. Today a physician may still build a fine personal reputation—but it is in spite of current public opinion of the medical community. Physicians are suffering from a tarnished image. This may seem a frivolous concern compared with the weightier health care issues that are part of our national dialogue. But image is a serious matter and may, in fact, be at the root of many of the profession's legislative woes. The shift in consumer attitudes toward the medical profession has been dramatic. But why has the trend developed, and can it be reversed? Although other variables have played their part, the overriding reason for the change has been that physicians have stopped communicating. The obvious remedy
<i>QuickStats</i>: Number of Deaths from 10 Leading Causes,* by Sex — National Vital Statistics System, United States, 2015
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In 2015, a total of 1,339,226 deaths among females and 1,373,404 deaths among males occurred. Heart disease and cancer were the top two causes of death for both females and males; other leading causes varied in rank by sex. The 10 leading causes of death accounted for approximately three-quarters of all deaths.
Mad Honey
Authors: Sevinç Biberoǧlu
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —<i>Rhododendron ponticum</i>, a member of the botanical family Ericaceae, grows extensively on the mountains of the eastern Black Sea area of Turkey.<sup>1,2</sup>Its flowers are pink or vio See also p 2009. let. All parts of this particular species, including the nectar, contain toxic diterpenes known as<i>grayanotoxins</i>(formerly,<i>andromedotoxins</i>). Ingestion of honey derived from this plant may cause profound hypotension and bradycardia.<sup>3,4</sup>It is known locally as "mad honey." From 1984 to 1986, sixteen patients with honey intoxication were seen at the Hospital of Karadeniz University in Trabzon, Turkey. Their mean age was 41 years (range, 30 to 48 years). Fourteen were men and two were women. Samples of honey that the patients had eaten were analyzed in the chemical analysis department of Ankara (Turkey) Health Institute. In each specimen, pollens belonging to<i>Rhododendron</i>species were found. The complaints in all patients started
A Surrealistic Mega-Analysis of Redisorganization Theories
Authors: Andrew D Oxman, David L Sackett, Iain Chalmers, Trine E Prescott
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

We are sick and tired of being redisorganized.To systematically review the empirical evidence for organizational theories and repeated reorganizations.We did not find anything worth reading, other than Dilbert, so we fantasized. Unfortunately, our fantasies may well resemble many people's realities. We are sorry about this, but it is not our fault.We discovered many reasons for repeated reorganizations, the most common being "no good reason". We estimated that trillions of dollars are being spent on strategic and organizational planning activities each year, thus providing lots of good reasons for hundreds of thousands of people, including us, to get into the business. New leaders who are intoxicated with the prospect of change further fuel perpetual cycles of redisorganization. We identified eight indicators of successful redisorganizations, including large consultancy fees paid to friends and relatives.We propose the establishment of ethics committees to review all future redisorganization proposals in order to put a stop to uncontrolled, unplanned experimentation inflicted on providers and users of the health services.
Lead Poisoning and Brain Cell Function
Authors: Gary W. Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Exposure to excessive amounts of inorganic lead during the toddler years may produce lasting adverse effects upon brain function. Maximal ingestion of lead occurs at an age when major changes are occurring in the density of brain synaptic connections. The developmental reorganization of synapses is, in part, mediated by protein kinases, and these enzymes are particularly sensitive to stimulation by lead. By inappropriately activating specific protein kinases, lead poisoning may disrupt the development of neural networks without producing overt pathological alterations. The blood-brain barrier is another potential vulnerable site for the neurotoxic action of lead. Protein kinases appear to regulate the development of brain capillaries and the expression of the blood-brain barrier properties. Stimulation of protein kinase by lead may disrupt barrier development and alter the precise regulation of the neuronal environment that is required for normal brain function. Together, these findings suggest that the sensitivity of protein kinases to lead may in part underlie the brain dysfunction observed in children poisoned by this toxicant.
Gonococcal Pyomyositis
Authors: Raymond L. Swarts
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis of agents causing abscess formation at sites remote from the genital tract usually does not include<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. We report the finding of a gonococcal abscess in the biceps muscle of a young woman. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 22-year-old woman was hospitalized with pain and swelling that had developed in her right biceps muscle over a three-day period and had persisted for three weeks. The pain radiated into and was aggravated by any movement of the shoulder. It was partially relieved with salicylate therapy and hot packs. The patient denied having fever, chills, rash, arthralgias, dysuria, abdominal pain, local trauma, heavy exercise, or vaginal discharge. She had used birth control pills for the previous six months, and the completion of her last menstruation was one week before admission. Her last sexual contact was two weeks before the onset of symptoms. On admission, the patient was in
THE USE OF SACCHARIN IN DIABETES. BY CHARLES W. PURDY, M.D....
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"DIGITALIZATION"
Authors: William D. Reid
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial on "Digitalization" (The Journal, September 10) should not go unchallenged. It appears that the writer disapproves of digitalization. The editorial is out of tune with many of the articles accepted for publication byThe Journal, as well as the special article on "The Therapeutic Use of Digitalis" (Robinson, G. C.; White, P. D.; Eggleston, Cary; and Hatcher, R. A.,The Journal, Aug. 16, 1924, p. 504). This editorial contains the assertion, "Digitalization means digitalis poisoning." Whatever the meaning when the word "digitalization" was coined, it is not generally used to signify the toxic action of the drug. Gould's Medical Dictionary, however, defines the word digitalization thus: "Subjection to the effects of digitalin or digitalis." The same dictionary contains the words "digitalism" and "digitalismus," which are defined: "The condition caused by the injudicious use of digitalis, consisting in paralysis of the cardiac action." Dictionary definitions, nevertheless,
SCARLET FEVER
Authors: JEAN V.  COOKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Article1 September 1937SCARLET FEVERJEAN V. COOKE, M.D.JEAN V. COOKE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-3-484 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe modern conception of scarlet fever may be summarized briefly as follows:The evidence that scarlet fever is caused by hemolytic streptococcus infection is convincing and this etiology of the disease is generally accepted as proved. The constant association of the clinical disease with some focus infected with these organisms; the production of experimental scarlet fever by purposeful inoculation of susceptible volunteers with cultures of streptococci; and the various biologic reactions produced by injection of hemolytic streptococcus filtrates leave little room for doubt that the hemolytic streptococcus is the essential cause of the disease. As a result of observations on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis, Missouri*Presented at the St. Louis meeting of the American College of Physicians, April 21, 1937.From the Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, and the St. Louis Children's Hospital. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1937Volume 11, Issue 3Page: 484-491KeywordsBiologicsChildrenEtiologyHospital medicineInfectious diseasesInoculationPediatricsScarlet feverStreptococcal infectionsStreptococcus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...
HEREDITY AS A FACTOR IN THE ETIOLOGY OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Conflicting opinions have at different times existed as to the importance of heredity in the etiology of pulmonary tuberculosis. It is, however, scarcely maintained any longer that the disease itself is so transmitted, but rather that it is some vice of tissue—and therefore some aberration of function—that is thus conveyed from parent to child. Rarely tuberculosis is congenital, but even then the disease is not inherited, but merely acquired by the fetus<i>in utero</i>from the mother through the placenta. There can be no tuberculosis without tubercle bacilli, and these bacilli can not be inherited, although the susceptibility to their invasion can be and is. Some interesting data bearing on this subject are presented in a lecture delivered recently by Thomas Oliver.<sup>1</sup>From the statistics of the Mutual Life Insurance Company, of New York, it appears that a family history of tuberculosis indicates a liability to the disease on
The Cover
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Target Organs in Chronic Bioassays of 533 Chemical Carcinogens
Authors: Lois Swirsky Gold, Thomas H. Slone, Neela B. Manley, Leslie Bernstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A compendium of carcinogenesis bioassay results organized by target organ is presented for 533 chemicals that are carcinogenic in at least one species. This compendium is based primarily on experiments in rats or mice; results in hamsters, nonhuman primates, and dogs are also reported. The compendium can be used to identify chemicals that induce tumors at particular sites, and to determine whether target sites are the same for chemicals positive in more than one species. The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB), which includes results of 3969 experiments, is used in the analysis. The published CPDB includes details on each test, and literature references. Chemical carcinogens are reported for 35 different target organs in rats or mice. More than 80% of the carcinogens in each of these species are positive in at least one of the 8 most frequent target sites: liver, lung, mammary gland, stomach, vascular system, kidney, hematopoietic system, and urinary bladder. An analysis is presented of how well one can predict the carcinogenic response in mice from results in rats, or vice versa. Among chemicals tested in both species, 76% of rat carcinogens are positive in mice, and 71% of mouse carcinogens are positive in rats. Prediction is less accurate to the same target site: 52% of rat carcinogens are positive in the same site in mice, and 48% of mouse carcinogens are positive in the same site in rats. The liver is the most frequent site in common between rats and mice.
Manipulative therapy and physiotherapy for persistent back and neck complaints: Authors' reply
Authors: B. Koes, L. Bouter, P. Knipschild, H. Van Mameren
Journal: BMJ (1992)

competence to examine the spine fully enough to define which tissue or tissues were responsible for producing the pain, and is it not unsafe to attempt to manipulate patients with vertebrogenic pain of unknown origin?Am I to assume that among the undiagnosed disc, sacroiliac, and facet lesions there were also hip lesions, which may refer pain to the lower back?Ifno one was capable ofdiagnosing the lesions initially, they cannot have been capable of directing those patients with back or neck pain resulting from nuclear disc lesions to traction- surely the primary treatment for such patients.The study does not state what exercises the physiotherapists dispensed.Back or neck pain resulting from disc lesions may well be worsened by conventional strengthening or mobilising exer- cises but may be helped by certain movementsfor example, those designed by Robin McKenzie.The survey was too poorly constructed to reflect adequately what manipulative physiotherapists of today are capable of and the effective treatment patients should receive.
Use of cell culture and a rapid diagnostic assay for Chlamydia trachomatis screening
Authors: E. W. Hook
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To compare a rapid, office-based test with standard cell culture for screening of women for<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>infections. <h3>Design and Settings.</h3> —An 8-month prospective crossover trial used alternating screening protocols in two Baltimore (Md) sexually transmitted disease clinics from January 2 through August 14, 1991. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Consecutive women attending the two clinics who had no indication for administration of antichlamydial antibiotic therapy (eg, history of recent sexual contact with a partner with a sexually transmitted disease, mucopurulent cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, known gonorrhea, or previously diagnosed<i>Chlamydia</i>infections). <h3>Interventions.</h3> —<i>Chlamydia</i>screening was offered according to one of two protocols. Use of the two screening protocols was alternated between clinics each month. In the "rapid test clinic," eligible women were screened with both a 30-minute enzyme immunoassay test and tissue culture. Patients screened with the rapid test were asked to remain in the clinic until their rapid assay results were available so that, if positive, the patients could be treated. In the "routine screening clinic," eligible women were screened for<i>Chlamydia</i>by cell culture. Women identified as being infected with<i>Chlamydia</i>by screening culture were later confidentially notified of their test results by health department disease intervention specialists and referred for therapy. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Performance of screening tests for bringing infected patients to therapy; time intervals between initial clinic visits and therapy; and pelvic inflammatory disease occurring between initial visits and therapy. <h3>Results.</h3> —<i>Chlamydia</i>cultures were positive in 100 (6.6%) of 1526 women screened with the solid-phase immunoassay, 47 of which were detected and treated on the basis of rapid test results. In contrast, 93 (74%) of 126 women with positive screening cultures returned to the clinic and received therapy. The median interval between testing and therapy for women with positive screening cultures was 14 days, and three (3.2%) developed pelvic inflammatory disease in the interval between testing and return for therapy. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Neither cell culture nor a rapid diagnostic test performed well for ensuring therapy of women with<i>Chlamydia</i>infections. The sensitivity of the rapid diagnostic test was low, and nearly one fourth of the women with positive screening cultures did not return for therapy. Evaluation of screening for<i>Chlamydia</i>should consider the utility of strategies for bringing patients to treatment, as well as the more usual measures of test performance, such as sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:867-870)
Fracture of the distal radius and ulna
Authors: O. E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Joseph S. Barr, Jr.: This 76-year-old white woman fell backward and landed on her outstretched hand. She sustained an open fracture of the left distal radius and ulna. She was immediately taken to the emergency ward of the Massachusetts General Hospital where she was examined 20 minutes after injury. The open wound was irrigated and dressed, the extremity was splintered, and the patient was given tetanus toxoid and tetracycline hydrochloride. Roentgenograms made with the patient in anteroposterior and lateral positions showed severely comminuted fractures of the distal radius and ulna with shortening of the extremity (Fig 1). The patient had not eaten in the previous five hours. She gave a history of an allergic reaction to penicillin. Seven years earlier she had undergone arthroplasty (Vitallium mold) of the right hip for painful degenerative arthritis. Her hip was now symptom free with a good range of motion. She was taken
Bilateral Cervical Neurofibromata Presenting Two Unusual Cases
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A new diagnostic test for acute myocardial infarction. The detection of myoglobinuria by radioimmunodiffusion assay
Authors: H. J. Saranchak
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The technique of radial immunodiffusion assay, in which the gel is impregnated with myoglobin antiserum, was used on urine samples from 60 patients with acute myocardial infarction, from 20 patients with chest pain due to ischemic heart disease without infarction, and from 20 normal subjects. In the group with an acute myocardial infarct, all but one patient showed significant levels of myoglobin (at or above 5 mg/ml) in urine samples taken within 48 hours after clinical onset of infarct. Urinary myoglobin to these levels never rose in the other two groups studied. Myoglobinuria appeared sooner, persisted longer, and was a much more accurate diagnostic test for infarction than serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, or creatine phosphokinase. With these data, it will be possible to prepare a simple latex or agglutination test for myoglobinuria, to detect acute myocardial damage. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1251-1255, 1974)
Addicted physicians. A closer look
Authors: R. P. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Fifty physicians were evaluated and treated in a psychiatrically oriented, short-term addiction program. Psychopathology ranged from overt schizophrenia to no demonstrable psychiatric syndrome other than the addiction. Physicians experiencing addiction problems before age 40 years were more likely to exhibit serious psychopathology in the borderline range, while physicians older than 40 years were more likely to exhibit organic brain impairment and depression. Treatment outcome had some relation to psychiatric diagnosis but no relation to the addictive agent. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:253-257)
Schizophrenia: New Pathological Insights and Therapies
Authors: L. Fredrik Jarskog, Seiya Miyamoto, Jeffrey A Lieberman
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2005)

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia posits an interaction between multiple susceptibility genes and one or more environmental insults in early life, resulting in altered brain development and the emergence of psychosis in early adulthood. Based on this framework, it has been argued that most neuropathological deficits observed in post mortem and neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia represent one or more lesions that originated in early life and remained static thereafter. However, recent longitudinal neuroimaging studies demonstrate a progressive component to the neuropathology of new-onset schizophrenia. This opens the possibility that the functional decline seen in many patients following the onset of illness may be halted or slowed. This review provides an update on developments in research on the neuropathology of schizophrenia and discusses recent advances in antipsychotic treatment and the potential impact on long-term outcomes.