tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Proposed Method for Assembly and Interpretation of Short-Term Test Data
Authors: David Brusick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The genetic toxicology databases for chemicals that have been tested extensively are generally composed of inconsistent responses from a diverse set of assays. Consequently, difficulties arise when the data are evaluated for classifying the agent or for assessing the chemical's hazard potential. Several years ago, the International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens (ICPEMC) established a committee to construct a process for compiling and interpreting diverse data sets. The Committee has developed a weight-of-evidence approach that combines test data into a series of scores for test type, class, family, and a consensus score defining the relative mutagenic activity of the agent compared with other chemicals in the database. This report describes the method and preliminary results from 113 chemicals.
Tumor Immunology
Authors: Jonathan M. Kagan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE IMMUNOLOGY of human tumors is evolving conceptually and in applications. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology are contributing substantially to these changes through the production of monoclonal antibodies and lymphokines. New immune diagnostic procedures are extending the sensitivity of tumor detection techniques and, with certain tumors, are achieving a reordering of tumor classification and prognostic evaluation. Immune-based therapies are making a difference in some tumors. More effective interventions, however, are still being sought for many common neoplasms. Human tumors differ antigenically from well-differentiated tissues, and tumor-associated antigens can be recognized by murine (or human) immune cells through the production of specific antibodies. These antibodies are being capitalized on for tumor classification and preferential delivery of toxic agents to tumors. Most tumors in man, however, are poorly immunogenic in the sense that they elicit little or no rejection reaction in the patient. An immune response, including antibody formation, can occur,
Holistic medicine
Authors: C. N. Shealy
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the editorial by John P. Callan, MD, I want to say that in general, his concern is the same as that of most physicians who have joined the American Holistic Medical Association. The name "holism" is important primarily because of its basic philosophy: "The whole is greater than the sum of the parts." Those of us who believe that the concept of holism is in need of active encouragement in our society emphasize certain basic principles: a thorough medical history, including social stress evaluation, proper physical diagnosis by a physician, and appropriate laboratory tests, which may include evaluations of blood, urine, and hair, in addition to roentgenographic examinations and other special procedures. For a majority of patients who see physicians, the diagnosis at that point is likely to be some form of psychosomatic or stress disorder. In an editorial in the<i>New England Journal</i>
Incidence, Location, Pathology, and Significance of Pulmonary Homograft Stenosis After the Ross Operation
Authors: Gerald S. Carr-White, Philip J. Kilner, Jimmy K.F. Hon, Thomas Rutledge, Sue Edwards, Elisabeth D. Burman, Dudley J. Pennell, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background The Ross operation has several theoretical advantages. However, concern exists regarding evolving pathology in the pulmonary homograft. Methods and Results Consecutive patients (n=144; mean age 31 years, range 2 months to 64 years) undergoing the Ross operation were studied between 1993 and 2000. Echocardiographic examination of the pulmonary homograft was performed immediately after surgery, then at yearly intervals for a mean interval of 48 months. Fifteen patients (mean age 37 years) in whom echocardiography revealed peak pulmonary gradients ≥30 mm Hg (mean 46±18 mm Hg) underwent MRI with velocity mapping in a Picker 1.5-T magnet. No patient had more than mild pulmonary regurgitation. Four patients required reoperation for rapidly progressive pulmonary homograft stenosis; in all 4, there was macroscopic and microscopic evidence of a pronounced chronic adventitial reaction, with perivascular infiltration producing extrinsic compression. Freedom from any pulmonary homograft stenosis at 7-year follow-up was 79.7%, with instantaneous hazard falling to zero after 4 years. Freedom from reoperation at 7 years was 96.7%. In those studied with MRI, there was evidence of narrowing of the whole homograft or distal suture line in 14 of 15 patients, with obvious excess surrounding tissue in 11. Mean minimum diameter and peak velocity by MRI were 11±2 mm and 3.2±0.7 m/s, respectively. Multivariate analysis of patient-, surgery-, and homograft-related variables did not reveal any significant risk factors for development of neopulmonary stenosis. Conclusions Pulmonary homograft stenosis after the Ross operation is clinically important and appears to represent an early postoperative inflammatory reaction to the pulmonary homograft that leads to extrinsic compression and/or shrinkage.
Real for Renal, Milli- for Micro-
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Easy on Pleasure
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DR. M'CORMACK'S WORK.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Planning for the health care needs of patients with AIDS
Authors: A. M. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

An important aspect of the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is its impact on health care provision in the United States. Because of the severe and disabling nature of AIDS, patients with the disease often require specialized medical care and psychosocial support. As AIDS becomes increasingly common, detailed information on health care needs is urgently required for long-term planning. One approach to quantifying such needs is to estimate the cost of health care for AIDS patients. Such estimates allow comparisons with costs for other diseases and are useful in determining the efficiency of various systems of health care provision. Although the cost of caring for patients with AIDS is generally recognized to be high, few attempts have been made to quantify these costs. Our earlier report<sup>1</sup>estimated health care expenditures for the first 10 000 AIDS patients in the United States and pointed out the paucity of relevant
Assisted Suicide: Sheer Cliff or Clinical Reality?
Authors: Steven A. King
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Quill<sup>1</sup>appears to be sincere in his efforts to promote a rational debate on the issue of physician-assisted death. However, his arguments are undermined by his ignoring and misrepresenting information that contradicts his views. In his discussion of the importance of proper pain management for terminally ill patients, he notes that "Experts who can provide formal or informal consultation in pain control and in palliative care are available in most major cities and extensive literature is available." He fails to cite the studies and reports that indicate that many physicians neither are aware of nor use these resources in managing the pain of terminally ill patients.<sup>2,3</sup>In fact, the literature has demonstrated that physicians, including those directly involved in the care of patients with cancer, are often poorly trained in pain assessment and management.<sup>4</sup>Yet Quill continues to ignore this extremely important point and
John Fyfe
Authors: N. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In <b><i>How Long Is Long Enough?</i></b> from the Fall 2020 issue of <b><i>The Journal of Retirement</i></b>, authors <b>Gerald W. Buetow</b> (of <b>BFRC Services</b>) and <b>Bernd Hanke</b> (of <b>Global Systematic Investors</b>) introduce an easy-to-use system to help defined-contribution plan (DCP) fiduciaries decide when to replace underperforming actively managed mutual funds. Many active funds underperform their benchmark indexes, especially net of fees. This raises two questions: How long should fiduciaries wait to replace an underperforming fund, and should they replace it with another active fund or a lower-cost passive fund? Buetow and Hanke examine historical performance data to calculate the differences between two investment strategies: one that keeps all assets in active funds, and another that switches assets from underperforming active funds to passive funds. They find that switching to passive funds after three years of underperformance generates higher long-term returns than leaving assets in active funds, waiting five years to make the switch, or switching only if underperformance is statistically significant (5% or more). Therefore, the authors say, DCP fiduciaries can better serve plan participants by monitoring active funds and replacing underperformers with passive funds in a timely manner. <b>TOPICS:</b>Manager selection, mutual fund performance, passive strategies, retirement, wealth management
Metered dose inhalers are most cost effective for asthma drugs
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Thyroxine does not benefit euthyroid people with symptoms of hypothyroidism Thyroxine is no more effective than placebo in improving cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but with thyroid function tests within the normal range.In addition, thyroxine does not improve cognitive function and psychological wellbeing in healthy adults.Pollock and colleagues (p 891) conducted a randomised, double blind, placebo crossover trial on 22 patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism, but biochemically euthyroid, and 19 healthy controls.They also found that there was no significant changes in clinical measurements such as blood pressure, pulse rate, or weight during the study. Metered dose inhalers are most cost effective for asthma drugsPressurised metered dose inhalers are the most cost effective method for delivering 2 agonists and corticosteroids in patients with stable asthma.In two systematic reviews (pp 896 and 901), the National Health Technology Assessment Inhaler Review Group found no significant differences between pressurised metered dose inhalers and other inhaler devices.These included dry powder inhalers, breath actuated devices, and hydrofluoroalkane devices.Use of a spacer device did not affect the results.Since pressurised metered dose inhalers are usually the cheapest form of treatment, they should be used as first line treatment unless there are specific contraindications.
Renal sodium handling in preascitic cirrhosis
Authors: G SANSOÈ, A FERRARI
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—We read with interest the commentary by Clària and Rodés ((1999) Gut 45:639–639; [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]) on our paper published in Gut which re-examined the mechanisms of renal sodium retention in patients with preascitic cirrhosis.1 In summary, in our patients we observed indirect evidence of expanded central vascular fluid volume compared with healthy controls and thought this physiopathological alteration was due to slightly reduced values of glomerular filtration rate (measured as creatinine clearance) and, mainly, to increased distal tubular retention of sodium when expressed as a fraction of the filtered sodium load that is reabsorbed by the distal nephron (26.9 (6.7)% v 12.5 (3.4)%, respectively; p<0.05).1 Clària and Rodés advanced two criticisms and affirmed that our results, obtained by means of the lithium clearance and fractional excretion technique, may be influenced by two fundamental flaws. Firstly, the reliability of lithium clearance as a marker of distal fluid delivery in clinical conditions characterised by low fractional sodium excretion (below 0.40%) has not been proved due to possible lithium reabsorption in the distal nephron.2 Secondly, in … Professor J Rodés, Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.rodes{at}medicina.ub.es [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.aulast%253DBortolotti%26rft.auinit1%253DF%26rft.volume%253D46%26rft.issue%253D5%26rft.spage%253D715%26rft.epage%253D718%26rft.atitle%253DLong%2Bterm%2Beffect%2Bof%2Balpha%2Binterferon%2Bin%2Bchildren%2Bwith%2Bchronic%2Bhepatitis%2BB%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.46.5.715%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10764718%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=46/5/715&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F5%2F740.2.atom
La viruela y su profilaxia en Guatemala
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maternal age at first childbirth and risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery in Washington State
Authors: M. B. Aldous
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To study the consequences of delayed first childbearing in a large, population-based US sample, with separate analysis of women aged 40 years or more and adjustment for socioeconomic factors, smoking, medical and reproductive conditions, and route of delivery. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Retrospective survey of Washington State birth certificates from 1984 through 1988. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —First liveborn singleton infants of women aged at least 20 years. Of eligible white infants, all those born to women aged 35 to 39 years (n=4019) and 40 years or more (n=410) and a maternal age-stratified random sample of white infants of younger women were studied. All eligible black infants were studied. <h3>Outcome Measures.</h3> —Low (&lt;2500 g) and very low (&lt;1500 g) birth weight and preterm delivery (&lt;37 weeks of gestation). <h3>Results.</h3> —Adjusted odds ratios for delivering a low-birth-weight white infant increased progressively with each 5-year maternal age group, reaching 2.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.6 to 3.4) for women aged 40 years or more compared with those aged 20 to 24 years. The maternal age effects for very low birth weight and preterm delivery were similar; for each, the odds ratio was 1.8 for the oldest group. No significant maternal age effect was found among births of black infants, but only 127 births to women aged 35 years or more were studied. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Increasing maternal age at first childbirth is an independent risk factor for low birth weight and preterm delivery of white infants in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2574-2577)
Changes in type IV collagen content in livers of patients with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: M Tsutsumi
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

An increase of serum type IV collagen levels in patients with liver disease has been reported; however, the mechanisms of this increase are not yet well known. We recently developed an assay system for type IV collagen content in liver biopsy specimens. In this study, type IV collagen content in the livers and sera of patients with alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease was determined. Serum and hepatic type IV collagen contents were measured with a one-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay system using monoclonal antibodies for human type IV collagen. Hepatic type IV collagen content increased significantly in liver disease. In alcoholic liver disease, type IV collagen content in patients with mild fibrosis was lower than that in advanced types of alcoholic liver disease. In nonalcoholic liver disease, hepatic type IV collagen content tended to increase with the progression of fibrosis. Type IV collagen content in alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher than that in the corresponding type of nonalcoholic liver disease. Hepatic total collagen content increased significantly in parallel with the progression of fibrosis in both alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease. The total collagen content in each type of alcoholic liver disease was significantly lower than that in the corresponding type of nonalcoholic liver disease. The ratio of type IV collagen to total collagen content was the highest in livers showing mild fibrosis, both in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic liver disease, and decreased in parallel with the progression of fibrosis. The ratio in patients with alcoholic liver disease was significantly higher than that in those with the corresponding nonalcoholic liver disease. Hepatic type IV collagen content correlated with the intensity of the staining reactions for type IV collagen only around the sinusoidal walls in alcoholic liver disease, but not in nonalcoholic liver disease. A significant correlation was found between serum and liver type IV collagen content, although the coefficient value was not very high. These results indicate that the response of type IV collagen synthesis to liver injury is strong in mild fibrosis and reaches a plateau at a relativelyearly stage of fibrosis; then the content of the other types of collagen increases gradually with the progression of fibrosis. The stimulation for type IV collagen synthesis is more prominent in alcoholic liver disease than in nonalcoholic liver disease, especially at intralobular areas. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:820–827.)