tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Groups Survey Health Care Costs, Charges
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A SERIES of reports, just completed or in preparation, indicates strong agreement among government, medicine, and business leaders that the remaining years of the decade will see a continuing debate on the shortcomings of the nation's health care system. One report is coming by late summer from the 1991 Advisory Council on Social Security, another from the health subcommittee of the National Governors Association, and a third from the Department of Health and Human Services. Meanwhile, President Bush's Administration, in the person of its budget director, Richard G. Darman, has gone to Capitol Hill to warn that the rising costs of health care are "unsustainable." Spending on health has risen from less than 6% of the gross national product three decades ago to around 12% today, Darman says. He predicts that expenditures will reach 17% of the gross national product by the end of this century and 37% by the
Combo Therapy for Lung Cancer Extends Survival
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2018)

The PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy may be an effective therapy for patients with newly diagnosed advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer. In a clinical trial, patients who received the combination had an estimated 12-month overall survival rate of 69.2%, compared with 49.4% in patients who received chemotherapy alone.
Turpentine in Infectious Diseases.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase II study of first-line temozolomide and second-line PCV in recurrent/progressive malignant gliomas
Authors: R. Soffietti, A. Costanza, E. Laguzzi, M. Nobile, R. Rudà
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

1574 Background: There is an increasing tendency to use TMZ as first-line treatment in recurrent malignant gliomas, reserving nitrosourea-based regimens as a salvage option, but few data are available in the literature regarding the results of this strategy. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of first-line temozolomide (TMZ) and second-line PCV in patients with recurrent/progressive malignant gliomas after surgery and conventional radiotherapy. Methods: The inclusion criteria of the study were as follows: age ≥ 18 yrs; biopsy-proven glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma; tumor progression after standard conformal radiation therapy; Karnofsky Performance Status ≥ 60. TMZ was administered at 200 mg/m2 for 5 days in cycles of 28 days up to tumor progression or unacceptable toxicity; PCV was administered in the standard schedule every 6 weeks. Tumor response was evaluated according to the conventional criteria of MacDonald et al, 1990. Results: Fifty-four patients were evaluable. A median of 5 cycles of TMZ (range 1–18) were administered. Responses to TMZ were as follows: CR 2/54 (4%), PR 9/54 (16%), SD 22/54 (41%), PD 21/54 (39%). Median TTP was 5 months, with a PFS at 6 and 12 months of 30% and 13%. Responding patients (CR+PR) had a TTP of 12 months with a PFS at 6 and 12 months of 65% and 45%. Grade 3–4 toxicity after TMZ included thrombocytopenia (17%) and neutropenia (6%). Responses to second-line PCV (at tumor progression after TMZ) were as follows: CR 1/54 (2%), PR 3/54 (5%), SD 9/54 (17%), PD 41/54 (76%). Median TTP after PCV was 2.6 months, with a PFS at 6 and 12 months of 25% and 10%. Responding (CR+PR) patients had a TTP ranging from 9.2 to 38 months. Grade 3–4 toxicity after PCV included thrombocytopenia (15%), neutropenia (13%), neuropathy (11%) and skin rashes (6%). Median survival after first-line TMZ and second-line PCV was 14 months. Conclusions: TMZ is active as first-line treatment for recurrent malignant gliomas, with an overall response rate of 20% and mild toxicity. Some patients may benefit from second-line PCV, even if unresponsive to previous TMZ. Toxicity after second-line PCV is acceptable. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Nosocomial Bloodstream Infection in Critically III Patients
Authors: Didier Pittet
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the excess length of stay, extra costs, and mortality attributable to nosocomial bloodstream infection in critically ill patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Pairwise-matched (1:1) case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in a tertiary health care institution. <h3>Patients.</h3> —All patients admitted in the SICU between July 1,1988, and June 30, 1990, were eligible. Cases were defined as patients with nosocomial bloodstream infection; controls were selected according to matching variables in a stepwise fashion. <h3>Methods.</h3> —Matching variables were primary diagnosis for admission, age, sex, length of stay before the day of infection in cases, and total number of discharge diagnoses. Matching was successful for 89% of the cohort; 86 matched case-control pairs were studied. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Crude and attributable mortality, excess length of hospital and SICU stay, and overall costs. <h3>Results.</h3> —Nosocomial bloodstream infection complicated 2.67 per 100 admissions to the SICU during the study period. The crude mortality rates from cases and controls were 50% and 15%, respectively (<i>P</i>&lt;.01); thus, the estimated attributable mortality rate was 35% (95% confidence interval, 25% to 45%). The median length of hospital stay significantly differed between cases and controls (40 vs 26 days, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.01). When only matched pairs who survived bloodstream infection were considered (n=41), cases stayed in the hospital a median of 54 days vs 30 days for controls (<i>P</i>&lt;.01), and cases stayed in the SICU a median of 15 days vs 7 days for controls (<i>P</i>&lt;.01). Thus, extra hospital and SICU length of stay attributable to bloodstream infection was 24 and 8 days, respectively. Extra costs attributable to the infection averaged $40 000 per survivor. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The attributable mortality from nosocomial bloodstream infection is high in critically ill patients. The infection is associated with a doubling of the SICU stay, an excess length of hospital stay of 24 days in survivors, and a significant economic burden. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1598-1601)
SMALLPOX IN 1894.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence of transmission of hepatitis D virus to spouses from sequence analysis of the viral genome*1
Authors: J WU
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To study sexual transmission of hepatitis D virus (HDV), 52 spouses of 56 index patients were observed and HDV genomes from antibody to HDV (anti-HDV)positive couples were sequenced. Of the spouses, 11 (21%) were serum HBsAg positive, 3 (27%) of whom were also anti-HDV positive. The HDV sequences between spouses were found to be nearly identical (98% to 98.8%) in the region analyzed (nt 911 to nt 1260). Only one couple showed an identity >90% with the genotype I HDV strains. The HDV sequences of the remaining two couples showed >95% identity with each other and >91% homology with genotype II, but they shared only a 73.1% to 73.7% homology with those of the first couple. The regions corresponding to the autocatalytic cleavage sites, the junction between the middle and the carboxyl terminal one-third domains, and the middle domain of the open reading frame for delta antigen on the antigenomic HDV RNA were more conserved with <19% divergence among the three couples. Interestingly, there was a 56% divergence in the region corresponding to the carboxyl end of the open reading frame for the large delta antigen on the antigenomic HDV RNA. In summary, this study provides a direct nucleotide evidence of a common source of HDV infection in each couple. Despite divergence in the viral nucleotide sequence, both genotypes I and II were found in Taiwan and were transmitted from patients with a history of prostitute contact to spouses through sexual contact.
Association of American Medical Colleges.
Authors: Dudley S. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Chicago, Oct. 9, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The decision of the Judicial Council is asked upon the following propositions: 1. Is there any rule to prevent colleges, members of the Association, from admitting students in September, 1895, and allowing them to graduate, after taking three full courses of lectures, ending in 1898? 2. If such rule exists and is enforced, what will be done to those colleges, members of the Association, who violate the rules? Shall recognition be refused to diplomas issued to students in 1898 because they began the study of medicine in 1895? 3. Students A and B matriculate in 1895. A graduates in 1898; B in 1899. Are the two on equal footing according to the rules of the Association? <h3>DECISION.</h3> 1. It is the judgment of the Council that there is no rule of the College Association preventing any of the members matriculating students in September,
THE GASTRIC MANIFESTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A SPASTIC COLON
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Transplantation pioneer predicts successful xenotransplantation soon
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

DESPITE the failure of two patients to survive with baboon liver grafts, transplantation pioneer Thomas E. Starzl, MD, PhD, predicts that successful liver xenotransplantation may be achieved within the next year. Delivering the keynote address, "Xenografts vs Bionics for the 21st Century," at the 39th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs (ASAIO), in New Orleans, La, Starzl described his group's latest findings. He says that they may point the way to successful transplantations using organs from baboons or even pigs and other animals. See also p 3040. According to Starzl, who is professor of surgery and director of the Pittsburgh Transplant Institute at the University of Pittsburgh, Pa, a recent discovery is responsible for his optimism. This discovery, that successful allograft transplants produce a chimeric mixture of donor and recipient cells within the transplanted organ and in the recipient's skin, heart, lymph nodes, small intestines, and
Communicating
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Personal View
Authors: J. Marrow
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Objective</h3> Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the UK has been historically performed under conscious sedation. However, given the increasing complexity of cases, the role of propofol-assisted ERCP (propERCP) is increasing. We describe our experience of propERCP and highlight the importance of this service. <h3>Design</h3> Our prospective ERCP database was interrogated between January 2013 and January 2014. Data collection included procedural information, patient demographics, American Association of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) status, Cotton grade of endoscopic difficulty and endoscopic and anaesthetic complications. Comparison was made with patients undergoing conscious sedation ERCP (sedERCP). <h3>Results</h3> 744 ERCPs were performed in 629 patients (53% male). 161 ERCPs were performed under propofol. PropERCP patients were younger compared with the sedERCP group (54 vs 66 years, p&lt;0.0001) but ASA grade 1–2 status was similar (84% vs 78%, p=0.6). An increased number of Cotton grade 3–4 ERCPs were performed in the propERCP group (64% vs 34%, p&lt;0.0001). Indications for propERCP included sphincter of Oddi manometry (27%), previously poorly tolerated sedERCP (26%), cholangioscopy (21%) and patient request (8%). 77% of cases were elective, 12% were urgent day-case transfers and 11% were urgent inpatients. 59% of cases were tertiary referrals. ERCP was completed successfully in 95% of cases. Anaesthetic and endoscopic complications were comparable between the two groups (5% and 7% vs 3% and 5%). Where sedERCP had been unsuccessful due to patient intolerance, the procedure was completed successfully using propofol. <h3>Conclusions</h3> PropERCP is safe and is associated with high endoscopic success. The need for propERCP is likely to increase given patient preference and the high proportion of complex procedures being undertaken. All endoscopy units should look to incorporate propofol-assisted endoscopy into aspects of their services.
Distribution of 2,4-D in Air and on Surfaces inside Residences after Lawn Applications: Comparing Exposure Estimates from Various Media for Young Children
Authors: Marcia G. Nishioka, Robert G. Lewis, Marielle C. Brinkman, Hazel M. Burkholder, Charles E. Hines, John R. Menkedick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We collected indoor air, surface wipes (floors, table tops, and window sills), and floor dust samples at multiple locations within 11 occupied and two unoccupied homes both before and after lawn application of the herbicide 2,4-D. We measured residues 1 week before and after application. We used collected samples to determine transport routes of 2,4-D from the lawn into the homes, its subsequent distribution between the indoor surfaces, and air concentration as a function of airborne particle size. We used residue measurements to estimate potential exposures within these homes. After lawn application, 2,4-D was detected in indoor air and on all surfaces throughout all homes. Track-in by an active dog and by the homeowner applicator were the most significant factors for intrusion. Resuspension of floor dust was the major source of 2,4-D in indoor air, with highest levels of 2,4-D found in the particle size range of 2.5-10 microm. Resuspended floor dust was also a major source of 2,4-D on tables and window sills. Estimated postapplication indoor exposure levels for young children from nondietary ingestion may be 1-10 microg/day from contact with floors, and 0.2-30 microg/day from contact with table tops. These are estimated to be about 10 times higher than the preapplication exposures. By comparison, dietary ingestion of 2,4-D is approximately 1.3 microg/day.
The Island
Authors: Jason O'Neale Roach
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Directed by Michael Bay. On general release. http://www.theisland-themovie.com/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>⋆⋆ One of the most intriguing and emotive debates of our time is about human reproductive cloning. Ever since Ira Levin's 1976 thriller The Boys from Brazil , fascination with carbon copies of human beings has permeated both fiction and journalism. It has also preoccupied a minority of renegade scientists bent on offering human cloning as a reproductive option, despite widely acknowledged safety concerns. This fascination continues with the release of Michael Bay's latest film, … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Effect of ABCG2 genotype and mRNA expression on the bioavailability of topotecan
Authors: H. Gelderblom, W. J. Loos, T. M. Sissung, H. Burger, K. Nooter, O. Soepenberg, J. W. R. Nortier, J. Verweij, W. D. Figg, A. Sparreboom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2015 Background: The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 (breast cancer resistance protein; BCRP) functions as an efflux transporter for many drugs and is expressed at high levels in the human small intestine. It has been demonstrated that some individuals possess a nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphism at nucleotide 421, substituting lysine for glutamine on position 141 at exon 5, and express low amounts of ABCG2. Methods: In this prospective exploratory study, duodenal biopsies were obtained before oral administration of topotecan on day 1 (dose, 2.3 mg/m2) and i.v. infusion on day 2 (dose, 1.5 mg/m2) in 18 adult Caucasian cancer patients (10 female/8 male; median age, 54 years). Pharmacokinetic data were obtained on days 1 and 2. Topotecan concentrations in plasma were determined by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and analyzed by noncompartmental methods. Enterocyte (villin)-corrected mRNA expression levels of ABCG2 and ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein) were measured by real-time TaqMan analysis, and all patients were genotyped by cycle sequencing for ABCG2 421C>A. Results: Complete topotecan pharmacokinetic data were available for 13 patients. The mean (± SD) area under the curves after oral and i.v. administration were 109 ± 35.7 ng×h/mL and 218 ± 62.3 ng×h/mL, respectively. Substantial intra- and interindividual variation in mRNA expression of ABCG2 and ABCB1 was observed in the intestinal samples (N = 12). Two patients were heterozygous variant for ABCG2421C>A (14%; allele frequency, 7.14%), and 12 patients carried the wild-type sequence; 4 samples showed no amplification. The heterozygous CA allele was associated with a 1.3-fold increased oral bioavailability of topotecan [31.4% (wild-type, N = 10) versus 42.0% (heterozygous, N = 2); P = 0.037]. The lowest combined mRNA expression of ABCG2 and ABCB1 was observed in one of the patients that was heterozygous variant for ABCG2 421C>A. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that ABCG2 genotype is correlated with altered topotecan pharmacokin-etics. The current observation warrants confirmation and further investigation in a larger patient population involving different ethnic groups. No significant financial relationships to disclose.