tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0171 Safety of Tocilizumab Therapy in Hbsag Carriers with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study
Authors: L. Fang, Z. Liao, Z. Lin, O. Jin, Y. Pan, J. Gu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China (13%) and many other developing countries are much higher than that in developed countries. When more and more biologicals are more available and affordable in developing countries, the safety of anti-IL-6 therapy in terms of reactivation of hepatitis B infection needs more concern. No data from a prospective study focus on the use of IL-6 antagonists in patients with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HBV infection is available by now. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the influence of tocilizumab on reactivation of HBV infection in HBsAg carriers with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> In this 24 weeks observation, HBsAg carriers with active RA (DAS28&gt;5.1) despite failed combined treatment with MTX and other non-biological DMARD were enrolled. Patients must have normal liver function prior to the study. All patients received therapy with tocilizumab (4-8mg/kg). Lamivudin were prescribed preventively regardless of individual viral load. Pre-existing MTX, NSAIDs and corticosteroids (a maximum prednisone-dose equivalent of 10 mg/day) were allowed. During the study, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HBV viral load (polymerase chain reaction) were monitored every 4 weeks. Increased viral load and abnormal liver function were managed and monitored according to expert opinion. <h3>Results</h3> Seven female patients were recruited. At baseline, two patients (group 1) had increased viral load (5.6e4, 3.8e6 respectively), and the other five patients (group 2) had normal viral load (&lt;100 copy/ml). Only one patient from group 2 discontinued tocilizumab at week 8 due to ineffectiveness. Reactivation of hepatitis B occurred in one patient from group 1. At week 8, the patient (baseline viral load 5.6e4) underwent a mild increase of both ALT and AST (63 and 51 IU/L, respectively). A elevated viral load (6.9e7) and a HBV YMDD mutant were also found. The tocilizumab treatment continued. After prescription of Adefovir (combined with the pre-existing Lamivudin), both liver enzyme and viral load decreased to normal range in 8 weeks and remained normal. In the other patient from group 1 and all patients from group 2, no significant increase of AST/ALT or viral load was seen during 24 weeks follow-up. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A aggressive Tocilizumab therapy may be a safe option for HBsAg carriers with DMARDs refractory RA. In order to reduce the risk of reactivation of hepatitis B infection, prophylaxis strategy with more effective anti-viral drugs is recommended. Large cohorts are highly needed to further evaluate the use of anti-IL-6 agents in patients with concurrent rheumatic diseases and different HBV infection status, including inactive and active infection. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Primary Mania Versus HIV-Related Secondary Mania in Uganda
Authors: Etheldreda Nakimuli-Mpungu
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The authors hypothesized that in the majority of HIV-positive patients presenting with mania, the mania is secondary to HIV infection and that its presentation and correlates differ from those of HIV-negative patients with primary mania. Method: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted with HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients admitted to psychiatric wards with acute mania. The authors compared the patients’ psychiatric, physical, and immunological (CD4 cell counts) and other laboratory parameters. Pairwise comparisons were done for the two groups on a number of variables. Results: Of 141 patients who presented with acute mania during a 6-month period and were eligible for the study, 61 met criteria for HIV-related secondary mania. Compared with HIV-negative patients with primary mania, they were older, more cognitively impaired less educated, and more likely to be female. Patients in this group had more manic symptoms: they were more irritable, more aggressive, more talkative, and had higher rates of paranoid delusions, visual hallucinations, and auditory hallucinations. More of the HIV-positive secondary mania group had CD4 counts below 350 cells/mm 3 . Conclusions: Primary mania and HIV-related secondary mania are clinically and immunologically distinct. The relation between secondary mania and depressed CD4 counts suggests that in the setting of an HIV/AIDS epidemic in poor countries, secondary mania may be used as an indicator to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy.
False-Positive Direct Fluorescent Antibody Testing for Legionella
Authors: Kenneth F. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) testing of lung tissue or respiratory tract secretions has proved to be an expedient, reliable means for establishing the diagnosis of legionnaires' disease. The specificity of the DFA test on sputum is about 95% using the polyvalent reagent supplied by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Atlanta.<sup>1</sup>False-positives with DFA have been described in cases wherein filter water and/or reagents for rinsing contain<i>Legionella</i>.<sup>2</sup>False-positive cross-reactions have been reported with isolates of<i>Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium-</i>xanthomonas group, and<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>.<sup>3</sup>We have observed two separate instances when<i>Hemophilus influenzae</i>in the sputum cross-reacted with pool C of the polyvalent assay (<i>Legionella bozemanii, Legionella micadadei, Legionella gormanii</i>, and<i>Legionella longbeachae</i>), resulting in 4+ fluorescence (≥5 bacilli per high-power field, magnification × 1,000) consistent with the CDC criteria for a positive test result. Sputum for culture and monovalent DFA test results were
Sickle cell trait
Authors: W. H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE assertion of black pride and aspiration has produced painful as well as happy readjustments: bloody civil strife together with burgeoning civil rights; abject mea culpa from some, abuse of the mea culpists by others; imposition of quotas welcomed today, to become cursed tomorrow. Sickle cell disease is a problem of blacks that has become a political weapon. Whitey can be clouted with both ends of the stick. If sickle cell was a<i>white</i>disease, it would have been conquered years ago—vs—genetic counseling to breed out sickle cell is cryptogenocide. In coping with this sickle cell crisis, biracial committees strive to avoid the racist epithet. Funds are awarded in excess of requirement, and projects are approved that no one wants. Even more funds are sought by fraudulent television solicitation: "While sickle cell anemia cannot be cured, early detection can prevent its spread.... Send contributions...." College children are encouraged to organize
Toxic shock syndrome during an influenza outbreak
Authors: S. J. Sperber
Journal: JAMA (1987)

TOXIC shock syndrome is a potentially fatal multisystem illness associated with<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>infection and production of toxins. Although this syndrome usually occurs in menstruating women, we saw a case of fatal toxic shock syndrome in a young man who developed<i>S aureus</i>pneumonia during an influenza outbreak. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A previously healthy 18-year-old male college student presented to a local hospital during an influenza outbreak with three days of fever, sore throat, myalgias, and diarrhea and one day of productive cough and dyspnea. His blood pressure was 80/60 mm Hg and his temperature was 39.4°C. He was admitted. Congested lung fields were noted. The leukocyte count was 3700/mm<sup>3</sup>(3.7×10<sup>9</sup>/L), with 18% (0.18) polymorphonuclear cells, 65% (0.65) band forms, 3% (0.3) lymphocytes, 1% (0.1) mononuclear cells, and 13% (0.13) metamyelocytes. The platelet count was 104000/mm<sup>3</sup>(104×10<sup>9</sup>/L) and the prothrombin and partial thromboplastin
Prospective Study of Ampicillin Rash
Authors: E Croydon, Chemo- Therapeutics Wheeler, J Grimshaw, Mathmatical Services, Wendy Atkins, M Cowan, A Geddes, S Jain, J Yassa, G Beveridge, J Gray, J Murdoch, Leeds Hospital, M Pullen, J Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A multicentre prospective study of 933 patients being treated with ampicillin showed a rash incidence of 7·3%. The rash was commonest in women and patients suffering from viral infections. Most rashes were maculopapular and were not associated with features of true penicillin allergy. We conclude that the development of a maculopapular rash during or after treatment with ampicillin is not in itself a contraindication to future treatment with the penicillins.
ACCOMPLICE OR DUPE.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Addiction
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-effectiveness of Stroke Prophylaxis for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: David A. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Gage and colleagues<sup>1</sup>presented a thorough and well-done analysis of warfarin vs aspirin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. However, we disagree with their conclusions for low-risk patients. The authors conclude, "In 65-year-old patients with NVAF [nonvalvular atrial fibrillation] but no other risk factors for stroke, prescribing warfarin instead of aspirin would affect quality-adjusted survival minimally but increase costs significantly." They argue that, in these patients, "prescribing warfarin... is prohibitively expensive relative to other health interventions." A close examination of their results and data from the randomized NVAF trials suggests that this conclusion is questionable. The marginal effectiveness of warfarin vs aspirin in the group at low risk for stroke was 0.01 quality-adjusted life year (QALY). A marginal effectiveness value in this range is not robust and is generally considered a clinical "toss-up."<sup>2</sup>Because the cost-effectiveness ratio is calculated by placing the effectiveness value in the
Microwave Death
Authors: Thomas S. Ely
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A fiction is perpetuated in a recent QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (<b>216</b>:1651,1971). The reply to an inquiry about microwaves gave death as an effect in man, listing an article in<i>California Medicine</i>as the reference.<sup>1</sup> The article of reference was thoroughly discounted long ago, in an Armed Forces Institute of Pathology memorandum of July 25, 1957, which said: There are many complicating factors in the case report which have caused all consultants to express a high degree of skepticism with respect to acceptability of it as an instance of death induced by radar, as maintained without reservation by the title of the article and the diagnoses in the report.... We have come to the conclusion that it is not an acceptable instance of intestinal damage due to radar.
American Medical Association Auxiliary, Inc 1982 Annual Convention June 13 through 16, 1982, Drake Hotel, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manual of Physical Diagnosis, for the use of students and physicians
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gene Therapy for Myocardial Protection
Authors: Jay Jayakumar, Ken Suzuki, Mak Khan, Ryszard T. Smolenski, Aldo Farrell, Najma Latif, Olivier Raisky, Haitham Abunasra, Ivan A. Sammut, Bari Murtuza, Mohamed Amrani, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene transfection has been shown to enhance myocardial tolerance after normothermic ischemia-reperfusion. We investigated the effect of HSP70 gene transfection on mechanical and endothelial function in a protocol mimicking clinical heart preservation. Methods and Results —Rat hearts were infused ex vivo with Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan–liposome complex containing HSP70 gene (HSP, n=8) or no gene (CON, n=8), and heterotopically transplanted into recipient rats. Four days after surgery, transfected hearts were perfused on a Langendorff apparatus for 45 minutes, arrested with St Thomas’ No. 1 cardioplegia for 4 hours at 4°C, and reperfused for 1 hour. Mechanical and endothelial function was studied before and after ischemia. Creatine kinase was measured in reperfusion effluent. Hearts underwent Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to confirm HSP70 overexpression. Postischemic recovery of mechanical function (% preischemic±SEM) was greater in HSP versus CON: Left ventricular developed pressure recovery was 76.7±3.9% versus 60.5±3.1% ( P &lt;0.05); dP/dtmax recovery was 79.4±4.9% versus 56.2±3.2% ( P &lt;0.05); dP/dtmin recovery was 74.8±4.6% versus 57.3±3.6% ( P &lt;0.05). Creatine kinase release was attenuated in HSP versus CON: 0.22±0.02 versus 0.32±0.04 IU/min/g wet wt. ( P &lt;0.05). Recovery of coronary flow was greater in HSP versus CON: 76.5±3.8% versus 59.2±3.2% ( P &lt;0.05). Recovery of coronary response to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5×10 − 5 mol/L) was 55.6±4.7% versus 23.9±3.2% ( P &lt;0.05); recovery of coronary response to glyceryltrinitrate (15 mg/L) was not different between HSP and CON: 87.4±6.9% versus 84.3±5.8% (NS). Conclusions —In a clinically relevant donor heart preservation protocol, HSP70 gene transfection protects both mechanical and endothelial function.
Ski Injuries
Authors: O. Sherwin Staples
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

SINCE skiing as a winter recreation has steadily increased in popularity and in number of participants, it is logical that, numerically, ski injuries should become an increasingly serious problem. As in other vigorous sports, a certain number of these injuries are preventable, and this should be the main concern.One of the peculiarities of skiing is that the participants are of all ages, all degrees of skill, all degrees of physical fitness, outfitted with all types of equipment and, perhaps most importantly, equipped with all varieties of judgment and common sense. Statistically, it is a fact that the enthusiastic and . . .
Expression of Xenobiotic-Metabolizing Enzymes in Cultured Rat Tracheal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Andre Castonguay, Lila Overby, Paul Nettesheim, George C. Clark, Richard M. Philpot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells were cultured on membrane support with and without retinoic acid (RA). In early (6-day-old) cultures, the epithelium is a monolayer or bilayer of undifferentiated cells and secretes little mucuslike product either in the absence or presence of RA. In late (12- to 15-day-old) cultures, the epithelium differentiates as a mucociliary epithelium in the presence of RA and as a squamous epithelium in the absence of RA. The purpose of our study was to determine whether a number of xenobiotic enzymes are expressed in these cultures and whether their expression depends on the state of differentiation. Enzyme expression was characterized by electrophoresis and immunoblotting as a function of time in culture and phenotypic differentiation. Cytochrome P450 1A1 was not expressed in freshly harvested RTE cells. This isoenzyme was induced in rats by gavage with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or by exposure of early RTE cell cultures to TCDD, provided RA was also added to the cultures. Cytochrome P450 2B1 was observed in freshly isolated RTE cells, but not in early or late RTE cultures. In contrast, expression of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase was decreased in early cultures, but was increased in well-differentiated cultures. Flavin-containing monooxygenase was detected in lung tissue, but not in freshly harvested or cultured RTE cells. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) mu and pi were expressed in freshly harvested RTE cells. GST pi was expressed in early and late cultures, whereas GST mu was expressed in late cultures, but could not be found in early cultured RTE cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<i>QuickStats</i>: Death Rates for Motor Vehicle Traffic Injury,* Suicide,<sup>†</sup> and Homicide<sup>§</sup> Among Children and Adolescents aged 10–14 Years — United States, 1999–2014
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

In 1999, the mortality rate for children and adolescents aged 10-14 years for deaths from motor vehicle traffic injury (4.5 per 100,000) was about four times higher than the rate for deaths for suicide and homicide (both at 1.2). From 1999 to 2014, the death rate for motor vehicle traffic injury declined 58%, to 1.9 in 2014 (384 deaths). From 1999 to 2007, the death rate for suicide fluctuated and then doubled from 2007 (0.9) to 2014 (2.1, 425 deaths). The death rate for homicide gradually declined to 0.8 in 2014. In 2013 and 2014, the differences between death rates for motor vehicle traffic injury and suicide were not statistically significant.
Influenza Immunization in Patients With Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: David W. Ortbals, Eric S. Marks, Harvey Liebhaber
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Patients receiving long-term hemodialysis (23) and patients with moderate to severe renal impairment and without hemodialysis (14) were immunized with inactivated influenza A/New Jersey/76 whole virus vaccine. Fourfold or greater increases in hemagglutinating-inhibiting antibody (HAI) titers occurred in 94% of controls, 93% of nondialyzed patients with chronic renal disease, and 87% of patients with continual hemodialysis. Postimmunization geometric mean titers in both groups of patients were equivalent to those of controls. The proportion of patients responding to vaccine was independent of levels of creatinine clearance, and the presence of preimmunization HAI titers also had no effect on frequency of seroconversion. Though some element of immunologic suppression is associated with chronic renal disease, it is not reflected in the humoral antibody response to influenza A/New Jersey/76 vaccine. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2562-2565, 1978)
The Rational Clinical Examination: Detecting Abnormal Systolic Murmurs
Authors: Yousaf Ali
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I enjoyed the article on detecting abnormal systolic murmurs by Dr Etchells and colleagues<sup>1</sup>As I read through the details of aortic stenosis and simultaneous inflation of 2 sphygmomanometers to accentuate left-sided murmurs, it occurred to me that I know very few physicians actually performing such detailed examinations. It seems that data collection, interpretation of flow velocities, multiple gated acquistion scans, magnetic resonance imaging, and echocardiogram results are more important skills than the sublety of the bedside examination. Bedside clinical rounds also seem to be a rarity and are held only by the older physicians; nowadays, laboratory printouts and "chart flips" seem to suffice. Clinical skills seem to be an added bonus, but not essential. The way to change this is to realize that examinations motivate students and that improved clinical skills can be attained only by strict, rigorous criteria, such as formal bedside examinations. Many skilled acrobats are