tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medicine in the USA: historical vignettes. XVIII. Medical education: the problems intensify
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1983)

By 1893 the American medical profession resembled the little girl in the nursery rhyme who, when good, was very very good, but "when she was bad she was horrid." American physicians might be among the best or among the worst in the world. According to one author, some might be "easily placed among renowned and successful" while others have made the American physicians "to be a by-word and a reproach."<sup>1</sup>The depths of badness we noted last month. To improve the general level of practice was extremely difficult. A physician might easily remain active for 40 years or more. If he was not very good to begin with, he did not ordinarily improve. There was thus a large backlog of poorly trained physicians in active practice. Nevertheless, improvements in medical education did bring hope, which centered especially on the new generation. At the end of the 1890s medical educators
Cholestasis and changes of portal pressure caused by chlorpromazine in the perfused rat liver
Authors: T Akerboom
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Chlorpromazine (10 μmol/L) causes a marked increase in portal pressure in perfused rat liver. Simultaneously, oxygen consumption, hepatic clearance of taurocholate and bile flow are diminished. These effects are prevented by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (15 μmol/L), acetylsalicylate (3 mmol/L) or ibuprofen (200 μmol/L). On addition of chlorpromazine the liver releases increased amounts of prostaglandin D2; this increase does not occur in the presence of indomethacin. At higher concentrations of chlorpromazine (100 μmol/L) the inhibition of taurocholate clearance and bile flow is accompanied by only a moderate increase of portal pressure, and indomethacin is without effect. At this high concentration, substantial cell damage, as indicated by the release of lactate dehydrogenase, is present. We conclude that arachidonic acid—derived metabolites, notably prostanoids, are involved in the inhibition of bile flow and of taurocholate clearance observed at low concentrations of chlorpromazine. The data suggest that changes in the microcirculation are responsible for the impairment of the liver functions. At higher concentrations of chlorpromazine the cell toxicity of the drug becomes prominent. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:216–221).
The Cover
Authors: Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Outbreaks of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) in Asia and Interim Recommendations for Evaluation and Reporting of Suspected Cases—United States, 2004
Journal: JAMA (2004)

During December 2003-February 2004, outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) among poultry were reported in Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, South Korea, Thailand, and Vietnam. As of February 9, 2004, a total of 23 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza A (H5N1) virus infections in humans, resulting in 18 deaths, had been reported in Thailand and Vietnam. In addition, approximately 100 suspected cases in humans are under investigation by national health authorities in Thailand and Vietnam. CDC, the World Health Organization (WHO), and national health authorities in Asian countries are working to assess and monitor the situation, provide epidemiologic and laboratory support, and assist with control efforts. This report summarizes information about the human infections and avian outbreaks in Asia and provides recommendations to guide influenza A (H5N1) surveillance, diagnosis, and testing in the United States.
The Irish Physician as a Poet
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Virus: Life's Enemy
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ON THE PLAGUE IN SAN FRANCISCO.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Illiterate Doctors and Medical Legislation.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Should we use total mortality rather than cancer specific mortality to judge cancer screening programmes? No
Authors: R. J. C. Steele, D. H. Brewster
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>James Penston</b> (doi:10.1136/bmj.d6395) believes all cause mortality is a more reliable measure of the effectiveness of screening, but <b>Robert Steele</b> and <b>David Brewster </b>think it is too stringent
Miscellania Medica
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Lecture on Addison's Disease
Authors: E. H. Greenhow
Journal: BMJ (1866)

As the case upon which I have dwelt in the former part of this lecture is still under observation, and I can therefore only speak of it as Addison's disease on the assumption (of the truth of which, however, I entertain no doubt) that the diagnosis is correct, I must now, in order to place the subject fully before you, give you the details of Dr. Thompson's fatal case, which he has kindly placed at my disposal, and of which Dr. Cayley has made a thorough post mortem examination.M. D., aged 55, labourer, was admitted into Hert- ford Ward, under Dr. Thompson's care, on the 6th of last month.He had been strong and hearty until about three months before his admission.His illness began without any definite symptoms beyond gradual loss of strength, to such an extent that he could scarcely stand, and was compelled to give up work, and about Christmas to leave off going out, even for a short walk in front of his house.Besides the great debility, he by this time suffered also from breath- lessness on exertion, nausea, frequent vomiting, and pain at the epigastrium.On admission, his complexion was dark, but less so than that of the patient whose case I bave already described.His body generally had only a faint brownish tinge; but the penis and scrotum were of a very dark blackish-brown hue, as were likewise the cicatrices of some burns received in early life upon the left arm and upon the inner aspect of the right elbow.I should mention, however, that the dis- coloration was limited to the less deeply injured parts, and that, in the midst of the dark patch on the inside of the right elbow, was a small, well de- fined, glistening, perfectly white cicatrix, about the size of a pea, where the burn had destroyed the deeper layers of the skin.On the back, also, were several cicatrices, some of which were discolored, while the deeper ones remained of normal hue.The cicatrices of buboes in each groin were stained of a deep brown colour.On the upper surface of the tongue, near its edge on both sides, were several brownish-purple stains, with well defined margins, perfectly smooth, and neither elevated above the sur- rounding parts nor differing from them in hardness.The lips and buccal mucous membrane also presented distinct brown stains.
Abstracts
Authors: Dima Abi-Said, Michel Lacroix, Weiming Shi, Ziya Gokaslan, Kenneth Hess, Franco Demonte, Frederick Lang, Ian Mccutcheon, Samuel Hassenbusch, Christopher Michael, Daniel Miller, Raymond Sawaya, Lauren Abrey, Joachim Yahalom, Lisa Deangelis, Gamal Akabani, Ilkcan Cokgor, R Coleman, González Trotter, Terence Wong, Henry Friedman, Ana Ga R- Cia-Turner, James Herndon, Roger Mclendon, Xiao-Guan Zhao, Charles Pegram, Darell Bigner, Michael Zalutsky, R Albright, J Breneman, R Warnick, W Tobler, J Tew, H Van Loveren, Jeffry Alger, Julie Heron, Da Vide Giunzioni, Timothy Cloughesy, Fred Anderson, Anthony Asher, Mark Bernstein, Lawrence Hart- Man, Fred Hochberg, Edward Laws, Andrew Sloan, Glioma Outcome, Tracy Batchelor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (1999)

The survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains poor regardless of the treatment strategy.The literature abounds in investigations on the predictors of survival in these patients.The number of predictors identified is large but their sensitivity, individually and collectively, is limited.We studied the survival of 291 patients with GBM who underwent surgical resection at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between June 1993 and December 1997.Prospectively collected demographic, clinical, surgical, and imaging data were retrospectively analyzed.The mean patient age was 52 years and 62% were males.The majority (91%) had a Karnosfsky Performance Scale (KPS) score of 70 or higher.The median survival based on Kaplan-Meier estimates was 14.5 months from the time of GBM diagnosis and 10.6 months from the time of M.D. Anderson surgery.Significant univariate prognostic factors included younger age; 95% tumor resection; lower tumor functional grade; KPS score 80; smaller preoperative tumor volume; and absence of imaging-based necrosis, mass effect, edema, and contrast enhancement on the MR image.In the multivariate Cox Proportional Hazards model analysis, the absence of necrosis on imaging was the strongest categorical predictor of survival rate for patients with GBM (rate ratio (RR)= 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22-0.70;p = 0.002).The median duration of survival in this group was 30.5 months, compared with 9.8 months in the group with necrosis (p<0.0001;log rank test).Other significant predictors included, smaller pre-surgery volume (RR=0.67,95% CI, 0.50-0.91),age < 45 years (RR=0.41;95% CI, 0.25-0.66& RR=0.64, 95% CI, 0.44-0.93,compared with ages 45-64 years and 65 years, respectively), absence of enhancement (RR=0.54;95% CI, 0.34-0.86),95% tumor resection (RR=0.66;95% CI, 0.49-0.90),and lower tumor functional grade (RR=0.71,95% CI=0.53-0.95).Conclusion: Readily measurable imaging-based tumor characteristics are significantly associated with the duration of survival of patients with GBM.Among those, necrosis is a strong independent prognostic variable.In this series, its relative risk exceeded those of other categorical factors investigated, including age.These entities in general, and necrosis in particular, should invariably be considered when assessing the prognosis of a patient with glioblastoma. 2.
Clinical arithmetic
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Since randomisation takes place before recruitment and consent to participate, it is possible for selection bias to influence results.We attempted to reduce this possibility by rigorous recording of selection criteria and by adjusting for known confounders in secondary analyses.This cannot, however, completely rule out the potential influence of selection bias.Secondly, since it is impossible to blind participants to the fact that they are receiving care in the chest pain observation unit or routine care, it is possible that a measure reported by patients, such as the EQ-5D, may be influenced by the patients' awareness that they are receiving "new" or routine care.Finally, further research is required before we can generalise the results from the Northern General chest pain observation unit to other hospitals. 16 Acknowledgments: We thank the staff of the Northern General Hospital departments of emergency medicine, acute medicine, and cardiology for their help with this project.We thank Brian Morris
High-tech medicine and rising health care costs
Authors: E. Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

SINCE the early 1970s the United States has pursued multiple strategies aimed at moderating the increases in its annual health care expenditures. In the search for causes and cures of health care inflation, high-tech medicine (HTM) is identified increasingly as the major culprit responsible for our steeply rising health care costs. To illuminate the issue, this article offers an operational definition of the term HTM, examines the supporting arguments for the claim that HTM is the principal propellant of escalating health care costs and that it is often counterproductive, reviews the role of public policy in speeding the growth of HTM, and concludes with some forecasts about the probable impact of HTM on future US health care costs. <i>High-tech medicine</i>may be defined simply and comprehensively as the sum of all the advances in medical knowledge and technique that have been translated into improved diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitative procedures during
Sulfapyridine for Poliomyelitis—Grams Instead of Grains
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Costs of Smoking Among Active Duty US Air Force Personnel--United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States (1). The health consequences of smoking impose a substantial economic toll on persons, employers, and society. Smoking accounts for $50-$73 billion in annual medical-care expenditures, or 6%-12% of all U.S. medical costs (2-5). The costs associated with lost productivity also are extensive (2). In 1997, approximately 25% of male and 27% of female active duty Air Force (ADAF) personnel aged 17-64 years were smokers (6). A 1997 retrospective cohort study was conducted among ADAF personnel to estimate the short-term medical and lost productivity costs of current smoking to the U.S. Air Force (USAF). This report summarizes the results of the study, which indicate that current smoking costs the USAF approximately $107.2 million per year: $20 million from medical-care expenditures and $87 million from lost workdays.
A Community Medical Service Organized Under Industrial Auspices in Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ABC of labour care: Place of birth
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Reducing cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as smoking cessation, have been shown to be effective strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases. 13][4] Additional factors may have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and new preventive strategies may be of use.In this article we briefly review the use of antioxidants, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and homocysteine lowering; other "emerging" cardiovascular risk factors and potential preventive strategies that are under investigation are summarised in table 1.
10 minute consultation: Polyarthralgia
Authors: Jo Samanta clinical
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A 45 year old woman says she has had joint pains in her hands, knees, and hips for three months. Her symptoms have progressively worsened. <b>Jo Samanta</b>, <b>Julia Kendall</b> and <b>Ash Samanta</b> take you through a common condition in primary care patients with painful joints