tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
JAMA Pediatrics
Authors: Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Shannon Sparenga, Nicole Balin, Miriam Cintron, Paul Ruich, Diane Cannon, Connie Manno, Fred Marshall, Laura Copyreaders, Catherine Adamczyk, Stephanie Alden, Jan Beckmeyer, Mary Clavey, Paula Coerver-Connolly, Roya Glitman, Laura Khatiblou, Donna King, Caroline Thordsen, Wanda Assistant, Larry Bryant, Monica Mungle, Elaine Williams, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Fanny Brown, Paul Frank, Peter Kim, Rachell Lozano, Michaela Mark, Kathryn Muskovich, Elizabeth Scientifi, Michael Berkwits, Michelle Kurzynski, Eric Butkus, Will English, Craig Mccaff Rey, Reuben Rios, Ronna Henry, Joshua Bird, Karen Bucher, Samantha Welker, David Song, Deputy Livingston, Thomas Cole, Marla Hall, Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis, Joseph Thornton, Preeti Malani, Deanna Bellandi, Jim Periodical, Thomas Easley Vice, Brian Shields, Monica Smith, Jeff Ery, J Bonistalli Manager, Kathy Russell, Mirna Monal, Tim Melroy, Marketing Thornbury, Tricia Classifi, Thalia Moss, Mike Harvey, Susan Henning, Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian Mccartney, David Baum, Rebecca Haas, Christine Hearne, Irma Lara, Ron Thomas, Paul Gee, Matt Herron, Elizabeth Solaro, Geoff Rey Flick, Rick Bell, Lindsay Dawson, Michael Mcgraw, Romando Rossini, Stacy Staff, Millette Jackson-Bates, Karen Adams-Taylor, Karl Elvin, Jaye Mize, Sean O'donnell, Sue Managers, David Antos, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Advertising, Production Services, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Timothy Burke, Daniel Degroot, Jordynn Farrar, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Dexter Golden, Erin Hinchcliff, Maria Nienhaus, Noemi Rivera, Geneine Van, Someren Composition, New Media, Gail Barrett, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Teri Hutchison, Mary Kuranda, Joshua Lampinen, Nathan Mitre, Patricia Panek, La Son, Diggs Sledge, George Thomson Graphics, Joe Amft, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Daniel James, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, James Madara, Bernard Hengesbaugh, Dimitri Christakis, Washington Joff, Ron Keren, Debra Palazzi, Suzanne Shuey, Samir Shah, Howard Bauchner, Frederick Rivara, Joyce Lee, Ann Arbor, Jay Berry, Cherrie Boyer, San Francisco, Maria Britto, John Campo, Aaron Carroll, Indiana Frank, Joseph Chaloupka, Mitchell Cohen, Sandra Friedman, Kathleen Colorado, Iowa Janz, Terry City, Joyce Klassen, Ann Lee, Michigan Arbor, Huckaby Michelle, Aaron Lewis, Shawn Milstone, Samir Rangel, Martha Shah, Jean-Claude Carel, Shabir Madhi, Ben Marais, Frank Oberklaid, Susan Sawyer, Joan-Carles Surís
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)
Dangers to Elderly Pedestrians at Crosswalks
Authors: Victor M. Cardenas
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Law of the Morphology or Metamorphosis of the Textures of the Human Body
Authors: W. Addison
Journal: BMJ (1847)

TEXTURES 259 -found the vomiting had not stopped.A small quantity -of sherry and water remained on the stomach.Pulse 110; tongue clean; the least movement to the left side produces vomiting.We deemed it prudent not to vex the stomach witlh medicine, and left him for the night.18th.Has passed a bad night; constant vomiting of facal matter; pulse 110; countenance remains good; tenderness of the abdomen increased.In the evening he said he felt "a movement of wind downwards."With Mr. Fricker's concurrence, I now ordered an -enema of turpentine and oil, which produced a copious evacuation; his pulse fell to 90, and he felt exhausted and inclined for sleep.Calomel gr.v., cum Opii, gr.ij.In the evening we found him somewhat better, still be is harassed by hiccough; free from sickness.Mist.Effervescens cum Ammonia et Tinct.Opii.12th.Unable to sleep on account of biccough; -pulse 84; tenderness of the abdomen considerable.Infus.Rosin cuin Magnes.Sulph., which operated ,freely.We prescribed some lemon ice in the day, which relieved the distressing hiccough.20th.Has had several copious stools; is cheerful and .doingwell.Tbe wound is healing by granulation.From this time till the end of January, 1846, he went on favourably and is wearing a bag truss.The hernia is quite as large as it was before the operation; he com- plains of a dragging pain in the abdonmen, and occasional irritation of the stomach and bowels.CASE XIII.
RELATIONS OF MATERNAL AND FETAL CIRCULATIONS.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JOURNALS ABSTRACTED IN THE CURRENT MEDICAL LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, JANUARY-APRIL 1952
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Journal of Oral Surgery, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Sections in <b> <i>Circulation</i> </b>
Authors: James T. Willerson
Journal: Circulation (2001)

ThisSection will be clinically oriented and directed to the practicing physician.Articles will be contributed by experts recognized for their ability to describe in practical terms the implementation of therapeutic advances and the optimal use of new diagnostic modalities.The second Section is entitled "The Cardiology Patient Page," and was introduced in the June 26, 2001, issue.This Section will include articles on various topics in cardiovascular medicine that will be written in lay language by healthcare professionals and is designed to provide descriptions of critical concepts in cardiovascular diagnosis, testing methods, and therapeutics.
A phase II trial of second-line axitinib following prior antiangiogenic therapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Authors: Mairead Geraldine McNamara, Lisa W Le, Anne M Horgan, Alex Aspinall, Kelly W Burak, Neesha C. Dhani, Eric Xueyu Chen, Mehrdad Sinaei, Glen Lo, Tae Kyoung Kim, Patrik Rogalla, Oliver F. Bathe, Jennifer J. Knox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

4092 Background: Second line treatment options in advanced HCC are limited. Axitinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) of VEGFRs 1, 2, 3, merits exploration in HCC. Methods: This was a single arm, phase II trial of axitinib in advanced HCC. Eligible patients (pts) were Child-Pugh (CP) A/B7, with measurable progressive disease (PD) after TKIs/antiangiogenic drugs. Axitinib started at 5 mg bid orally, titrated from 2-10 mg bid as tolerated; 28 days=1 cycle. Treatment continued to PD or intolerable toxicity. Primary endpoint was tumor control; PR, CR or SD at 16 wks by RECIST 1.1 (P0=5%, P1=20%), secondary endpoints; compare response by RECIST 1.1 to Choi and modified RECIST, explore dynamic contrast enhanced imaging models, safety, PFS and OS. Results: Thirty pts were enrolled from 01/11-10/13. Median age; 64y (range 18-78), 21 males (70%) with ECOG PS 0/1 (9/21 pts), CP A (73%), BCLC staging C (100%), etiology hepatitis B/C (30%/30%), alcohol (17%) with prior therapy; Temsirolimus/Bevacizumab (2pts), sorafenib/doxorubicin (2pts) and sorafenib alone (26pts). Med duration of treatment; 4 cycles (range 1-17). Out of 26pts evaluable for response, there were 2 confirmed PRs per RECIST 1.1; 10 PR by Choi, 8 PR and 1 CR by modified RECIST. Tumor control rate at 16 wks; 42% (95%CI 22.3-63.1), 7 pts had SD >28 wks. 2 week perfusion changes were noted on functional imaging. Of 22 pts with evaluable AFP response, 8 (36%) had >50% decrease from baseline. Most common axitinib related grade 3 (G3) AEs were hypertension (HTN) (17%) and diarrhea (10%), 2 had G4 thrombocytopenia. Only 20% of pts tolerated dose escalation above 5 mg bid. Of 11 pts with any grade HTN, 7 had disease control >28 wks. Dose interruptions due to AEs were common (40%); included anorexia (13%), fatigue (10%), HTN (7%). 4 pts discontinued treatment due to related AEs. PFS + OS data are maturing. Current 3 mo PFS rate; 59%. 80% have progressed at this time, 4 pts remain on treatment. Conclusions: With 42% tumor control at 16 wks, primary endpoint was met.Axitinib has shown encouraging tolerable clinical activity in this VEGF pretreated HCC pt population and warrants further study incorporating potential biomarkers of response. Clinical trial information: NCT 01334112.
ICPM News Section
Authors: Giovanni A. Fava, Jason W. Busse, Victor M. Montori, Catherine Krasnik, Irene Patelis-Siotis, Gordon H. Guyatt, F. Leichsenring, J. Hoyer, M. Beutel, S. Herpertz, W. Hiller, E. Irle, P. Joraschky, H.H. König, T.M. de Liz, B. Nolting, K. Pöhlmann, S. Salzer, H. Schauenburg, U. Stangier, B. Strauss, C. Subic-Wrana, S. Vormfelde, G. Weniger, Lana J. Williams, Julie A. Pasco, Felice N. Jacka, Margaret J. Henry, Seetal Dodd, Michael Berk, Anna Bartak, Marieke D. Spreeuwenberg, Helene Andrea, Jan J.V. Busschbach, Marcel A. Croon, Paul M.G. Emmelkamp, Theo Stijnen, Roel Verheul, Michael W. Otto, Shawnee L. Basden, R. Kathryn McHugh, Kathleen M. Kantak, Thilo Deckersbach, Corinne Cather, Donald C. Goff, Stefan G. Hofmann, Angela C. Berry, Jasper A.J. Smits, Franco Benazzi, Willem Kuyken, Dimitrios Tsivrikos, Eftychia Athanassiadou, John Tsiantis, Stelios Christogiorgos, Gerasimos Kolaitis, U. Willutzki, J. Wiltink, E. Leibing, A.J. Russell, D. Mataix-Cols, M.A.W. Anson, D.G.M. Murphy
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2008)
LUPUS CARCINOMA
Authors: JAMES H. SEQUEIRA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1908)

Journal Article LUPUS CARCINOMA Get access JAMES H. SEQUEIRA, M.D.Lond., F.R.C.P.Lond., F.R.C.S.Eng. JAMES H. SEQUEIRA, M.D.Lond., F.R.C.P.Lond., F.R.C.S.Eng. Physician to the Skin Department and Lecturer on Dermatology at the London Hospital, in charge of Queen Alexandra's Light Department for the Treatment of Lupus Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 20, Issue 2, 1 February 1908, Pages 40–46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1908.tb16546.x Published: 01 February 1908
Winter Sports and Health
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nurse led follow up and conventional medical follow up in management of patients with lung cancer: randomised trial
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Objective To assess the effectiveness of nurse led follow up in the management of patients with lung cancer.Design Randomised controlled trial.Setting Specialist cancer hospital and three cancer units in southeastern England.Participants 203 patients with lung cancer who had completed their initial treatment and were expected to survive for at least 3 months.Intervention Nurse led follow up of outpatients compared with conventional medical follow up.Outcome measures Quality of life, patients' satisfaction, general practitioners' satisfaction, survival, symptom-free survival, progression-free survival, use of resources, and comparison of costs.Results Patient acceptability of nurse led follow up was high: 75% (203/271) of eligible patients consented to participate.Patients who received the intervention had less severe dyspnoea at 3 months (P=0.03) and had better scores for emotional functioning (P=0.03) and less peripheral neuropathy (P=0.05) at 12 months.Intervention group patients scored significantly better in most satisfaction subscales at 3, 6, and 12 months (P < 0.01 for all subscales at 3 months).No significant differences in general practitioners' overall satisfaction were seen between the two groups.No differences were seen in survival or rates of objective progression, although nurses recorded progression of symptoms sooner than doctors (P=0.01).Intervention patients were more likely to die at home rather than in a hospital or hospice (P=0.04),attended fewer consultations with a hospital doctor during the first 3 months (P=0.004),had fewer radiographs during the first 6 months (P=0.04), and had more radiotherapy within the first 3 months (P=0.01).No other differences were seen between the two groups in terms of the use of resources.Conclusion Nurse led follow up was acceptable to lung cancer patients and general practitioners and led to positive outcomes.
Stat Bite: Percentage of U.S. Physicians Using Electronic Health Records
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

The use of electronic health records (EHR) in physician offices has increased in recent years.Data from the 2006 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey show that last year nearly 30 percent of office-based physicians used some sort of EHR system, either fully or partially electronic.This contrasts with only 18 percent of physicians in 2001.As of 2005, the survey also queried physicians about their use of comprehensive EHR systems, which must include computerized orders for prescriptions and tests, reporting of test results, and clinical notes.The use of these systems increased between 2005 and 2006, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Reproduction
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A SUBSTITUTE FOR THE OYSTER.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bioactivation and Covalent Binding of Halothane to Liver Macromolecules
Authors: I. Glenn Sipes, Thomas L. Podolsky, Burnell R. Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

In this manuscript we report our attempts to determine if 14C-halothane or its metabolites interact with DNA. Three bioactivation systems were used: in vitro microsomal incubations, isolated hepatocytes, and in vivo administration. Even though we used optimal conditions for bioactivation, no significant covalent binding of 14C to DNA was observed. Slight 14C activity above background (6 dpm/0.1 mg DNA) was observed in the microsomal incubations but is considered insignificant because it was not reduced when NADPH was omitted from the incubations. We are able to demonstrate covalent binding to nuclear lipids and proteins when rats were pretreated with phenobarbital and maintained in a hypoxic environment (14% O2). Similarly, these conditions markedly increased covalent binding of 14C from 14C-halothane to microsomal proteins and lipids. Isolated rat hepatocytes proved to be a viable system for studying the bioactivation of halothane. In this system it was also possible to demonstrate increased binding under N2 and/or phenobarbital pretreatment.
Mini-Mental State Examination. Norms, normals, and numbers
Authors: J. L. Cummings
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), first introduced by Folstein and colleagues in 1975,<sup>1</sup>has become a standard tool for cognitive assessment in the clinical setting. The MMSE facilitates the detection of mental status changes, particularly in the elderly, and thereby enhances patient care. Bedside mental status testing without a standardized approach is subject to considerable interpretive bias, dependent on the skill and experience of the examiner, and often completely neglected. The MMSE provides a structured approach to mental status testing that screens for intellectual impairment and allows comparison of performance across time and among patients or studies.<sup>2</sup>The publication in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>of new data from Crum et al<sup>3</sup>regarding the influence of age and education on the interpretation of the MMSE is welcome and further improves the utility of this instrument. See also p 2386. <h3>MMSE Elements</h3> The MMSE comprises 30 questions with 10