tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PWE-065 Investigating clonal competition in Barrett's associated tumorigenesis using spatial maps of genetic heterogeneity
Authors: T A Graham, S Khan, A Green, D Oukrif, L Gay, H Barr, M Novelli, J Jankowski, N A Shepherd, S J Leedham, S A C McDonald, N A Wright
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Genetic heterogeneity within Barrett9s mucosa is significantly associated with the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OA). Why genetic diversity promotes tumorigenesis is unclear. Pro-tumorigenic interaction between clones is a possible explanation. To look for evidence of clonal interaction within Barrett9s lesions, we have undertaken a high-resolution clonal-ordering analysis to produce phylogenetic trees and spatial maps that illustrate the spread of genetically distinct clones in endoscopic mucosal resection specimens (EMRs). <h3>Methods</h3> Entire EMR specimens were serially sectioned. Each crypt was classified according to histological grade. Aneuploidy was assessed using image cytometry. More than 50 individual crypts were then laser-capture microdissected from each EMR. The genetic mutation burden of individual crypts was assessed (K-ras, p53 and p16 point mutations and microsatellite loss of heterozygosity (LOH) data for up to16 loci on chromosomes 3p (FHIT), 5q (APC), 9p (p16), 17p (p53), 17q and 18q (SMAD4)). In each EMR, a point mutation in at least one gene was identified. The relative location of each analysed crypt was recorded and used to reconstruct a genetic and histological map of each EMR. <h3>Results</h3> EMRs were rarely genetically homogeneous. Typically, dysplastic crypts within individual lesions were clonal for a founding p53 or p16 point-mutated clone, whereas the adjacent metaplastic (non-dysplastic) crypts analysed did not contain the point mutation. Mosaic subclones with distinct patterns of LOH (often 18q and/or 3p) were present. In one EMR, the same p53 and p16 point mutations and 5q and 17p LOH were detected across the entire EMR. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Clonal expansion of mutated cells is frequently restricted to small numbers of crypts. Interactions between genetically distinct clones appears to be predominantly competitive: a crypt acquiring an additional pro-tumorigenic mutation can outcompete, and so clonally expand to the detriment of, the original crypts. Further investigation will reveal whether this progression is driven by mutation and selection or by additional mutations altering the behaviour of neighbouring pre-existing clones.
Fungus diseases of the lungs.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
False-positive radioimmunoassay pregnancy test in nephrotic syndrome
Authors: R. F. Regester
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE TECHNIQUE of radioimmunoassay (RIA) is currently the most popular method for measurement of hormone levels in plasma or serum. Radioimmunoassay combines excellent sensitivity with precision and freedom from interference. However, subtle differences in RIA procedures can make a substantial difference in the reliability of this technique on serum or plasma samples from nephrotic patients. We report a case that shows repeated false elevations of β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) levels during a period of nephrosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old girl was seen because of gross edema of one to two weeks' duration. There was no history of renal disease or a recent known precipitating event. Her last menses had been approximately three months previously, and there had been at least one subsequent exposure to pregnancy. Urine pregnancy tests of unknown type done elsewhere during the previous week were said to be positive. Examination revealed generalized edema, with a
Commentaire de travail de D. Park et al., pp. 7
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Factors related to lymph node metastasis and the feasibility of endoscopic mucosal resection for treating poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomachEndoscopy 2008; 40(01): 7-10DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-966750
Instruction Course Program
Authors: H Dunbar Hoskins, James Ferguson, A Berlin, Susan Day, Craig George, Richard Lewis, John Mccrary Ill, Edward Mclean, Walter Stark, Robert Sergott, Pa Patrick, M Flaharty, Charles Garcia, Richard Ruiz, Michael Bloome, James Karesh, Steven Dresner, Santa Monica, James Vander, Cherry Hill, Jay Duker, S Pulido, Iowa City, Patrick O'connor, San Antonio, ; Lanning, B Kline, Ai John, C Carter, Howard Lieberman, Carol Ruehl, Mark Moster, Allan Wulc, Robert Emorris, Ferenc Kuhn, Jjames Rowsey, Fl Kenneth, L Cohen, Chapel Hill, Bradley Fouraker, St Louis, Peter Mcdonnell, Rdoyle Stulting
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)
Department of Error
Journal: The Lancet (2017)

In this Seminar (published online first on May 2, 2017), the end of the penultimate sentence in the "Public health and drug-policy issues" section should have read: "…and (4) establishment of a safer alternative agent as first-line therapy (eg, prescription of an isoxazolyl penicillin such as cloxacillin instead of high-risk co-trimoxazole first for meticillinsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus skin infection, and clindamycin in countries with community-acquired meticillin-resistant S aureus)".This correction has been made to the online version as of June 13, 2017, and the printed Seminar is correct.
Leukotriene receptor antagonist reduces need for inhaled corticosteroids
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Treatment for athlete's foot should begin with over the counter drugs On p 79 Hart et al report the first systematic review of topical antifungal drugs for athlete's foot.Allylamines, available only on prescription, cure slightly more fungal infections of the skin of the feet than azoles and undecenoic acid, both of which are available over the counter.The comparatively high cost of allylamines, however, means that the few extra cures are expensive.So it is best to begin treatment with an azole or undecenoic acid, and to reserve allylamines for those infections that do not respond.
Evaluation and percutaneous management of atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease
Authors: D. M. Widlus
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ATHEROSCLEROTIC peripheral vascular disease (PVD) of the lower extremities deprives a person of the ability to exercise to their satisfaction, later of the ability to perform the activities of their daily life, and finally of their legs themselves. Peripheral vascular disease has long been managed by the vascular surgeon utilizing endarterectomy and peripheral arterial bypass.<sup>1-4</sup>These surgical techniques have been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms and to be durable with the passage of time. Postoperative morbidity, rising health care costs, and refinement of percutaneous catheter technology have led to the development and use of nonsurgical modalities for the management of PVD.<sup>5</sup>Patient acceptance of nonsurgical, percutaneous procedures such as percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA) is high.<sup>6</sup>Increased utilization of these procedures has led to improved techniques and adjuncts to therapy, as well as more critical review of long-term results. This article will review the evaluation
Malignant tumors of the small intestine
Authors: M. Kyriakos
Journal: JAMA (1974)

TUMORS of the small intestine are uncommon, and account for less than 5% of all gastrointestinal neoplasms.<sup>1-3</sup>The malignant varieties cause about 750 deaths per year in the United States.<sup>4</sup> Malignant tumors of the small intestine are slightly more common in men than in women, with the peak age incidence in the fifth to sixth decades.<sup>5,6</sup>Regardless of tumor type, the symptoms are similar, with intermittent epigastric or periumbilical pain, intestinal bleeding, and signs of obstruction being the most common.<sup>1,5</sup>The nonspecificity of the symptoms, their chronic nature, and the difficulty of examining the small bowel roentgenographically, have unfortunately led to serious delays in diagnosis. The important point is that the malignant tumors are symptomatic in 90% of patients, and 75% of all<i>symptomatic</i>small-bowel tumors will be malignant.<sup>1,3,5</sup>A palpable abdominal mass is found in 40% of malignant tumors, and such a finding in
Deep hypothermia and surgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms. A five-year survey
Authors: A. Uihlein
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Sixty-six patients having 67 intracranial aneurysms underwent operation by induced deep hypothermia and extracorporeal circulation by either the open-chest or the closed-chest method at the Mayo Clinic in a five-year period, 1960 to 1965. One patient was killed by her demented husband and 15 patients died of unsuccessful operation. Factors unrelated to the extracorporeal circulation technique per se contributed to death in more than half of the cases. Deletion of these reduced the overall mortality to about 14.5%. The increased operating time required by deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest did not appear to increase the postoperative complications. Alteration in blood-clotting characteristics constituted the major deterrent to deep hypothermia. The closed-chest method of perfusion is preferable.
Journal of Abdominal Surgery, Melrose, Mass
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ratnasabapathy Sashidharan
Authors: K. Wark
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Adverse employment outcomes pose significant challenges for cancer patients, though data patients with gynecologic cancers are sparse. We evaluated the decrease in employment among patients in the year following the diagnosis of a gynecologic cancer compared with population-based controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients aged 18 to 63 years old, who were diagnosed with cervical, ovarian, endometrial, or vulvar cancer between January 2009 and December 2017, were identified in Truven MarketScan, an insurance claims database of commercially insured patients in the USA. Patients working full- or part-time at diagnosis were matched to population-based controls in a 1:4 ratio via propensity score. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the risk of employment disruption in patients versus controls. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 7446 women with gynecologic cancers (191 vulvar, 941 cervical, 1839 ovarian, and 4475 endometrial). Although most continued working following diagnosis, 1579 (21.2%) changed from full- or part-time employment to long-term disability, retirement, or work cessation. In an adjusted model, older age, the presence of comorbidities, and treatment with surgery plus adjuvant therapy versus surgery alone were associated with an increased risk of employment disruption (p&lt;0.0003, p=0.01, and p&lt;0.0001, respectively) among patients with gynecologic cancer. In the propensity-matched cohort, patients with gynecologic cancers had over a threefold increased risk of employment disruption relative to controls (HR 3.67, 95% CI 3.44 to 3.95). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Approximately 21% of patients with gynecologic cancer experienced a decrease in employment in the year after diagnosis. These patients had over a threefold increased risk of employment disruption compared with controls.
RESULTS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ANIMAL OVARIES TO THE RAYS OF RADIUM
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical Annals of Baltimore from 1608 to 1880, Including Men and Literature.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Salicylic acid attenuates virulence in endovascular infections by targeting global regulatory pathways in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Leon Iri Kupferwasser, Michael R. Yeaman, Cynthia C. Nast, Deborah Kupferwasser, Yan-Qiong Xiong, Marco Palma, Ambrose L. Cheung, Arnold S. Bayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Aspirin has been previously shown to reduce the in vivo virulence of Staphylococcus aureus in experimental endocarditis, through antiplatelet and antimicrobial mechanisms. In the present study, salicylic acid, the major in vivo metabolite of aspirin, mitigated two important virulence phenotypes in both clinical and laboratory S. aureus strains: α-hemolysin secretion and fibronectin binding in vitro. In addition, salicylic acid reduced the expression of the α-hemolysin gene promoter, hla, and the fibronectin gene promoter, fnbA. Transcriptional analysis, fluorometry, and flow cytometry revealed evidence of salicylic acid–mediated activation of the stress-response gene sigB. Expression of the sigB-repressible global regulon sarA and the global regulon agr were also mitigated by salicylic acid, corresponding to the reduced expression of the hla and fnbA genes in vitro. Studies in experimental endocarditis confirmed the key roles of both sarA and sigB in mediating the antistaphylococcal effects of salicylic acid in vivo. Therefore, aspirin has the potential to be an adjuvant therapeutic agent against endovascular infections that result from S. aureus, by downmodulating key staphylococcal global regulons and structural genes in vivo, thus abrogating relevant virulence phenotypes.
Incorrect Wording
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase I trial of AEZS-108 (AN-152) in castration- and taxane-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Stephen V. Liu, Andrew V Schally, Tanya B. Dorff, Denice D. Tsao-Wei, Susan G. Groshen, Shigang Xiong, Debra Hawes, David I. Quinn, Yu-Chong Tai, Norman L. Block, Juergen Engel, Jacek K. Pinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

60 Background: The prognosis for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains suboptimal and targeted therapies should be explored. One potential target is the receptor for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH-R), which is highly expressed on prostate cancer cells. AEZS-108 (AN-152) is an LHRH-cytotoxic hybrid whose rational design covalently couples an LHRH agonist and the cytotoxic doxorubicin. AEZS-108 exploits the presence of these receptors to target delivery of the cytotoxic. We report the phase I trial of AEZS-108 in men with taxane-resistant CRPC. We also report correlative studies of a novel circulating tumor cell (CTC) capture device that will provide both enumeration of CTCs and LHRH-R expression on captured CTCs as well as results from AEZS-108 internalization studies that exploit the auto-fluorescence of doxorubicin in captured CTCs. Methods: This is a single-arm, dose-escalation phase I study in men with CRPC to confirm the dose established in a completed phase I trial in females. Eligibility criteria included adequate organ function and progression of disease despite prior therapy with an LHRH agonist and at least one taxane-based regimen. Patients were required to discontinue LHRH agonists to avoid receptor competition. Patients received AEZS-108 every 21 days until progression or unacceptable toxicity for up to 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was safety. Results: Enrollment began in November 2010 and completed in September 2011. Twelve patients were accrued onto 3 dose levels. No DLTs have been noted. At the time of submission, a decrease in PSA was noted in 5 of the 10 evaluable patients. The grade 3 or 4 toxicities were primarily hematologic. Final reports detailing toxicity, RECIST response and PSA response will be reported. All correlative studies will also be reported. Conclusions: AEZS-108 is well tolerated and has demonstrated early signs of antitumor activity in men with CRPC. We will report the recommended dose for the planned phase II study.
Epistemology of Screening for Behavioral Toxicity
Authors: P. B. Dews
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

A method is described for the assay of the behavioral effects of volatile solvents on mice and illustrated with pilot results on trichlorethylene. A dose-effect curve has been determined for the effects on schedule controlled responding and compared with the dose-lethality curve and the TLV for man. The OR50 for behavioral effects was 1/5 of the LD50 and 50 times the TLV for long-term exposure of man. An analysis of the errors involved in determination of effects on whole animals leads to the conclusion that subtle effects, representing a few per cent change, will not be detectable in routine screening. It is suggested nevertheless that information on the midrange, knowable, part of the dose-effect curve may prove useful in predicting safe levels for man.
Coronary thrombolysis for the elderly?
Authors: J. H. Gurwitz
Journal: JAMA (1991)

CARDIOVASCULAR disease ranks as the leading cause of disability and death in the elderly. Although those 65 years of age or older constitute only 13% of the US population,<sup>1</sup>80% of all deaths due to acute myocardial infarction (MI) occur in those over the age of 65 years. Of these, 60% occur in patients 75 years of age or older.<sup>2</sup>The in-hospital case-fatality rate for initial acute MI increases from 5% in those less than 55 years of age to 32% in those older than age 75.<sup>3</sup>Patient age at the time of onset of acute MI also affects survival after hospital discharge.<sup>4</sup>For example, results of the Worcester Heart Attack Study indicate a 94% 1-year survival rate among patients with acute MI who are less than 55 years of age and are discharged alive from the hospital, compared with only 77% for those 75 years
Theophylline exacerbating spasticity
Authors: J. E. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Teele et al (1983;249:1026) entitled "Middle Ear Disease and the Practice of Pediatrics" presents once again the difference in perspective between the institutional-based pediatrician and the pediatrician in practice. The author set out "to determine the burden on pediatricians imposed by disease in the middle ear." We in practice hardly consider otitis media a "burden." Rather, this is an opportunity, since, as the authors point out, middle ear infections account for 22.7% of visits made during the first year of life, increasing to 40% in years 4 and 5. When one considers that it requires 300 pediatric office visits to equal one hip replacement, my use of the word "opportunity" is appropriate. Of course, we in practice are concerned about the problem of recurrent middle ear infection and do all we can to treat it effectively and to reduce as much as we can