tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3233: Novel CTLA-4 antibodies of potent antitumor activity were verified in humanized mouse models
Authors: Yuelei Shen, Jian Ni, Benny(Yi) Yang, Tian Gan, Chaoshe Guo
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is expressed in T cells upon activation and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. It is also constitutively expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) which is associated with their immunosuppressive phenotype. CTLA-4 is homologous to the co-stimulatory protein CD28, and both receptors bind to the same ligands, CD80(B7-1) and CD86(B7-2). Importantly, cancer cells can be recognized and destroyed by the host’s immune system. In this setting, CTLA-4 functions as a brake to dampen anti-tumor T cell responses, which promote cancer progression. In this context, we are exploring antibodies that are as effective or exceed the effects of the approved CTLA-4 antibody. Antibodies blocking CTLA-4 are expected to subvert T cell inhibition. Moreover, regulatory T cells residing in the tumor microenvironment are sensitive to anti-CTLA-4 antibody since they have higher expression levels of CTLA-4 compared to activated T cells. Yervoy, the first FDA-approved CTLA-4 antibody, protects a fraction of cancer patients when used alone or in combination with other drugs. Here we report two humanized antibodies whose efficacy is equivalent or exceed that of Yervoy using the pharmacological efficacy evaluation platform established at Biocytogen. Potent inhibition and biological activity were further demonstrated by a series of tests in vitro. In conclusion, we successfully discovered two antibodies that exhibit superior anti-cancer activity in vivo with our humanized CTLA-4 mouse model. Downstream clinical evaluation of these novel antibodies is needed. Citation Format: Yuelei Shen, Jian Ni, Benny(Yi) Yang, Tian Gan, Chaoshe Guo. Novel CTLA-4 antibodies of potent antitumor activity were verified in humanized mouse models [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3233.
Incorrect Effect Estimate
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Penny F. Whiting, PhD; Robert F. Wolff, MD; Sohan Deshpande, MSc; Marcello Di Nisio, PhD; Steven Duffy, PgD; Adrian V. Hernandez, MD, PhD; J. Christiaan Keurentjes, MD, PhD; Shona Lang, PhD; Kate Misso, MSc; Steve Ryder, MSc; Simone Schmidlkofer, MSc; Marie Westwood, PhD; Jos Kleijnen, MD, PhD
Sodium Metabolism
Authors: Laurence E. Earley, Terrance M. Daugharty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

EXPERIMENTS performed during the past few years have demonstrated that the control of sodium excretion is not determined simply by changes in glomerular filtration and the secretion of aldosterone. Additional factors controlling tubular reabsorption of sodium play a major part in determining sodium excretion and sodium balance. These nonaldosterone influences on sodium reabsorption and excretion include renal vascular resistance, renal perfusion pressure, plasma oncotic pressure and possibly an as yet unidentified hormone that depresses tubular reabsorption in response to extracellular volume expansion. Therefore, the control of sodium excretion is an interplay between the factors determining glomerular filtration and those determining . . .
Cover Image, Volume 39, Issue 6
Authors: Xin Sun, Peiyi Yan, Chang Zou, Yin‐Kwan Wong, Yuhan Shu, Yew Mun Lee, Chongjing Zhang, Nai‐Di Yang, Jigang Wang, Jianbin Zhang
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2019)

Description of the front cover image: The cover image is based on the REVIEW ARTICLE Targeting autophagy enhances the anticancer effect of artemisinin and its derivatives by Xin Sun et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21580. Credit: Cover image © Jianbin Zhang and Jigang Wang.
Variability of hepatitis C virus
Authors: P SIMMONDS
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The discovery and characterization of the main causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) represent a major success in the application of cloning techniques in the identification of new infectious agents.'The technique that led to the characterization and the development of antibody tests for hepatitis C virus (HCV12 has since been applied successfully to determine the etiological agent of other diseases, such as hepatitis E virus, responsible for enterically transmitted NANBH.3HCV contains a positive sense RNA genome approximately 10,000 bases in length.In overall genome organization and presumed method of replication, it is most similar to members of the flauiviridae family particularly in the coding for a single polyprotein that is then cleaved into a series of structural proteins (nucleocapsid protein, two membrane glycoproteins) and nonstructural proteins, with presumed enzymatic roles in virus replication.Without a cell culture system to investigate differences in neutralization and cytopathic properties of HCV, nucleotide sequence comparisons and typing assays developed from sequence data have become the principal techniques for characterizing different variants of HCV.This type of analysis is relatively easy to perform, especially because viral sequences can be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) directly from clinical specimens.Sequence comparisons of HCV have provided information about the virus a t several levels.It is possible to identify and classify HCV into a series of distinct "genotypes," which differ substantially in nucleotide sequence from one another and show varied geographical and epidemiological distributions.In particular, the inferred amino acid sequences of the envelope glycoproteins differ considerably, and it is likely that antibody elicited by infection with one genotype would fail to neutralize others.The extent of variation observed within HCV is comparable with that between serotypes of other RNA viruses, and may pose problems in the development of vaccines for HCV.
Casting Stones
Authors: O F D'Cruz
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Authors: John C. Ayres
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

ALCOHOL-ANTABUSE REACTIONIn 1948, Antabuse, or tetraethylthiuram disulfide, was made available to certain selected physicians for the purpose of carrying on controlled clinical studies on the treatment of alcoholism or alcohol addiction. However, since October, 1951, Antabuse has been released for general medical practice and to all physicians. Since a severe reaction may occur on the ingestion of alcohol in those persons undergoing treatment with this drug, it behooves all physicians to become acquainted with the symptoms of the alcohol-Antabuse reaction.Antabuse taken alone produces few or no symptoms. On the other hand, when alcohol in any form, as in . . .
Nutrition Surveys
Authors: G. M. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As director of a survey concerned only with preschool children (12 to 72 months old), I wish to offer additional comments on some aspects of Dr. Crosby's COMMENTARY (228:1651, 1974). Unlike the sampling in the Ten-State Nutrition Survey, that in the Preschool Nutrition Survey was cross-sectional in nature and, therefore, youngsters of all socioeconomic levels were represented.<sup>1</sup>Further, all the hemoglobin, hematocrit, and plasma iron determinations in the preschool survey were made in one laboratory. Hemoglobin and hematocrit data that pertained to children in the lowest socioeconomic level of the preschool survey were strikingly similar to those of children in the Ten-State Survey,<sup>1</sup>especially when one takes into consideration differences in proportions of black and white children represented in the two surveys (<i>J Pediatr</i>82:850, 1973). Although prevalence of anemia, arbitrarily defined, was greater among poor children than among those more economically favored, approximately 20% of all
Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood
Authors: William G. Hocking
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This two-volume work edited by four respected hematologists is the result of contributions from 72 authors. The book is intended as an "encyclopedia of hematologic malignancies," and this intention is largely realized. The 54 chapters are divided into five major sections devoted to chronic leukemias and related disorders, acute leukemias, myeloma and related disorders, lymphoma, and supportive care. The irregularity in style and overlap in content often associated with multiauthored texts have been, for the most part, avoided. The general approach used is discussion of epidemiology, etiology, pathology, immunology, clinical features, and various aspects of treatment of hematologic neoplasms, in separate chapters. The discussions are more extensive than those in many general oncology or hematology texts and, in most cases, are referenced through 1983. There is considerable discussion of recent advances in the molecular biology of hematologic neoplasia, including the role of oncogenes and human T-cell leukemia virus. Excellent and
Incorrect Age Data in Table
Journal: JAMA (2015)

N. Burgess Record, MD; Daniel K. Onion, MD, MPH; Roderick E. Prior, MD; David C. Dixon, MD; Sandra S. Record, RN; Fenwick L. Fowler, BA; Gerald R. Cayer, BS, MPH; Christopher I. Amos, PhD; Thomas A. Pearson, MD, PhD, MPH
Sulpice Antoine Fauvel (1813-1884) French Epidemiologist
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atlas and Essentials of Pathological Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS.
Authors: None L. H. M.
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infections During Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Do Not Affect Posttransplant Outcomes
Authors: Prashant Sinha, Jonathan M. Chen, Margaret Flannery, Brian E. Scully, Mehmet C. Oz, Niloo M. Edwards
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Although infections acquired during ventricular assist device support may increase the risk of infection and have an impact on transplant survival, their true posttransplant consequences remain to be determined. This study evaluates the impact of an outpatient program, newer devices, and an updated infection management protocol on infection-related patient outcomes after transplant. Methods and Results —Eighty-six patients received a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) between June 1996 and June 1999. Fifty patients transplanted during the same period, without prior device support, were used as controls; they were matched to transplanted LVAD recipients by age, sex, diagnosis, and transplant date. The nature of and actuarial freedom from peritransplant and posttransplant infections were compared at 6 months after transplant; actuarial patient survival was compared at 3 years. Infection was defined as leukocytosis or leukopenia, with a positive culture requiring either medical or surgical intervention. Forty-four patients (51%) were successfully discharged home on LVAD support, and 61 (71%) were transplanted. A high incidence of infection during device support did not have an impact on pretransplant or posttransplant mortality, posttransplant infectious rate, or overall patient survival. Active infections at transplant also did not significantly influence 6-month mortality. In comparison, LVAD recipients had a lower freedom from infection than did controls ( P &lt;0.05); however, 3-year survival did not differ: 79% and 87% for the LVAD and control groups, respectively. Conclusions —Although LVADs increase the risk of infection in the early posttransplant period, this appears not to have an impact on transplantability or patient survival and likely reflects effective infection control in both inpatient and outpatient settings.
Medical malpractice experience of physicians. Predictable or haphazard?
Authors: F. A. Sloan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This study uses a large malpractice database from Florida to assess the concentration of losses among physicians, predictability of claims experience, characteristics of physicians with favorable vs unfavorable experience, and effects of claims experience on physicians' practice decisions and on actions taken by the state's licensing board. Most payments by insurers involved a comparatively small number of physicians. Physicians with relatively prestigious credentials had no better, and on some indicators, worse claims experience. If anything, physicians with adverse claims experience were less likely to make subsequent changes in their practice, such as quitting practice or moving to another state. Physicians with very poor claims histories were more likely to have complaints filed against them with the Florida licensing board, but the sanctions against physicians with either poor or excellent histories were not severe. Physicians with adverse claims experience from incidents that arose between 1975 and 1980 had appreciably worse claims experience from incidents that arose during 1981 to 1983. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3291-3297)
PHOTOTHERAPY.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevalence rates of respiratory symptoms in Italian general population samples exposed to different levels of air pollution.
Authors: G Viegi, P Paoletti, L Carrozzi, M Vellutini, E Diviggiano, C Di Pede, G Pistelli, G Giutini, M D Lebowitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

We surveyed two general population samples aged 8 to 64 living in the unpolluted, rural area of the Po Delta (northern Italy) (n = 3289) and in the urban area of Pisa (central Italy) (n = 2917). Each subject filled out a standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire. The Pisa sample was divided into three groups according to their residence in the urban-suburban areas and to outdoor air pollution exposure (automobile exhaust only or industrial fumes as well). Significantly higher prevalence rates of all the respiratory symptoms and diseases were found in Pisa compared with the Po Delta. In particular, rhinitis and wheezing symptoms were higher in all the three urban zones; chronic cough and phlegm were higher in the zone with the automobile exhaust and the additional industrial exposure. Current smoking was more frequent in the rural area, but the urban smokers had a higher lifetime cigarette consumption. Childhood respiratory trouble and recurrent respiratory illnesses were evenly distributed. Exposure to parental smoking in childhood and lower educational level were more frequent in Po Delta, whereas familial history of respiratory/allergic disorders and work and indoor exposures were more often reported in the city. Multiple logistic regression models estimating independently the role of the various risk factors showed significant odds ratios associated with residence in Pisa for all the symptoms but chronic phlegm. For example, those living in the urban-industrial zone had an odds ratio of 4.0 (4.3-3.7) for rhinitis and 2.8 (3.0-2.6) for wheeze with respect to those living in the Po Delta.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Authors: S. E. Hampton
Journal: JAMA (1892)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3> I feel confident that I voice the sentiment of the profession when Ithank Dr. Suiter for his address on "The Importance and the Necessity of National Health Service," and you for publishing it. Let us unite at Detroit, and appeal to Congress as the voice of one man, and surely we will be heard. Respectfully, Milton, Ky., March 28, 1892.
Hernia
Authors: Martin S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In the minds of surgeons, the term "hernia" generally conjures up the classic inguinal hernia. The present book dispels this association. The vast array of different types of hernias in all parts of the body, the multiple procedures used for their repair, and the criticisms of these various procedures illustrate that hernia repair is a complicated subject and that it encompasses the entire spectrum of surgical specialties. At least half of this book is devoted to inguinal hernia. Completely explored are its anatomy and the many procedures for its repair, including recent advances. The chapters on diaphragmatic hernia and peptic esophagitis are clearly illustrated; their brevity, with complete summary descriptions, diagrams, and presentations, makes this section particularly useful. The other chapters on unusual hernias, such as Littre's, perineal, obturator, and spigelian, are all interesting, correctly illustrated, and useful. Even though the paper is somewhat lightweight, the print is clear; the
Drug addiction: an eclectic view
Authors: A. M. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Until quite recently, concern with narcotics addicts in the United States was largely limited to law-enforcement officials. Within the past decade, however, there has been developing an increasing interest in this group of patients on the part of the medical profession. The social problems stemming from the use of drugs by large numbers of young people have also quickened the interest and concern of the general public. While the criminal behavior that usually accompanies presentday addiction is rightly the province of law-enforcement agencies and the concern of the public, it must be emphasized that drug addiction per se is a medical problem which deserves the serious and creative attention of the medical profession. Dependence on drugs stems from many factors which contribute in varying degrees to an eventual behavioral pattern. These factors include social and economic status, ethnic origin, housing, employment, the law, problems of urban living, biological and physiological