tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Institute of International Education: Eleventh Annual Report of the Director. Some Reflections on American Educational Institutions Abroad. Institute Activities.
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Malabsorption
Authors: Irwin H. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This is a concise and highly readable text of slightly more than 250 pages. The organization is intelligent and successful. The first seven chapters present the basic underlying physiology and pathophysiology necessary for the understanding of malabsorption. These chapters offer an overview of normal absorption and a discussion of the clinical features of malabsorption, of the pathophysiology of malabsorption, and of its laboratory diagnosis; there are useful chapters on the immunology and bacteriology of the gastrointestinal tract and their alterations in disease. The core of the clinical presentation is chapter 9, which presents a full description of the diseases causing malabsorption, classified in seven pathophysiological categories. One might argue with some designations, such as the presentation of the short-bowel syndrome under the heading of deficiency of bile salts, but the classification is generally excellent, and this chapter alone is worth the $14 purchase price. A chapter on malabsorptive diseases in
A PLEA FOR THE EARLY RECOGNITION OF UROLOGIC CONDITIONS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
口腔粘膜疾病的免疫学诊断方法
Authors: S. Sun, B. Zhong, W. Li, X. Jin, Y. Yao, J. Wang, J. Liu, H. Dan, Q. Chen, X. Zeng
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

天疱疮和类天疱疮是耗弱性疾病,会导致皮肤和/或粘膜(包括嘴鼻内部)产生疼痛性的水疱。它们是自身免疫性疾病,这意味着身体的免疫系统会产生一种叫做自身抗体的蛋白质,而这种蛋白质会错误地瞄准身体的正常部位。这两种疾病都有不同的类型,其中寻常天疱疮、副肿瘤性天疱疮、粘膜类天疱疮、线状 IgA 病、扁平苔藓类天疱疮是涉及口腔粘膜(口腔内皮肤)的常见疾病。这些疾病影响人们的生活质量,甚至可能威胁生命。有时症状与口腔扁平苔藓、盘状红斑狼疮等其他疾病相似,可采用多种方法进行诊断。这些包括直接和间接免疫荧光、盐分离皮肤检测、生化试验(酶联免疫吸附测定法、免疫印迹和免疫沉淀),以及一种被称为蛋白质微阵列的新兴技术。来自中国的作者们对以上几种诊断自身免疫性水泡病、口腔扁平苔藓和累及口腔粘膜的盘状红斑狼疮的方法进行了综述和比较。值得注意的是,这些免疫技术不仅有助于诊断,但也可以用于识别血液中的疾病相关目标抗原和自身抗体,用于研究其与疾病发展的相关性、临床表现(症状)、疾病的严重程度、伴随疾病(其他同时发生的疾病)以及对治疗和预后的影响。上述方法有利于研究,并且有助于临床医生制定个体化治疗方案,评估患者预后。
Chronic Cor Pulmonale or Chronic Pulmonary Hypertensive Heart Disease?
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Journal of Infectious Diseases, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The CROONIAN LECTURES on the MEANS by which the TEMPERATURE of the BODY is MAINTAINED in HEALTH and DISEASE: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of London
Authors: W. H. White
Journal: BMJ (1897)

BEFORE studying pyrexia experimentally there are some pitfalls of which we must beware.In the first place, the nlormal range of temperature in the lower animals is wider than in man.I have very often taken the rectal temperature of rabbits, dogs, and monkeys, and in these animals the range is greater than in man.I have compiled from Dr. Pembrey's article Oii Animal Heat in Professor Schafer's forthcoming Physiology the appended table (Table I.), which shows very weil the range of temperature iti different animals.one case 4.80 C. in 33 hours, in another 2.20 C. in 23 hours, and in a third 3.40 C. in 31 hours.It could not be prevented
GREECE
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LETTER FROM LONDON.
Authors: None G. O. M.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

(FROM OUR REGULAR CORRESPONDENT.) The Hospital-Ship Queen Victoria—Lady Students of the St. John's Ambulance Association— Sulfonal—Home for Trained Nurses in Egypt— Iodoform and Tar—Administration of Nitrous Oxide and Ether—Tying the Lingual Artery in Excision of the Tongue. The hospital-ship<i>Queen Victoria</i>which has been built at Great Yarmouth as a memorial of the Jubilee, is to cruise in the North Sea, for the purpose of rendering medical and surgical assistance to the fishermen who are engaged in those waters. The vessel was taken into Osborne Bay, where the Queen and the Empress Frederick drove down through the grounds to the beach and viewed the vessel, after which they witnessed a number of experiments with a new ambulance stretcher. The Empress Frederick and her daughters afterwards went on board the ship and were shown all over her, and the Empress kindly promised to send a number of books for the library.
'Old man in a VA hospital': shock and dismay
Authors: Jane F. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was very offended by the poem "Old Man in a VA Hospital" by McKelvey.<sup>1</sup> I was a staff nurse at the VA hospital in Livemore, Calif, for 5 1/2 years, working in the Nursing Home Care Unit. I felt that the VA hospital and the nurses who worked there provided excellent geriatric care for elderly veterans, who appreciated the effort. It's no fun to be old or sick. It's hard work to provide good nursing care. Why focus on the negative aspects?
Improved technology steps into gait analysis
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Encore
Authors: None Gemaennes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

The greenhouse effectWe are becoming distressingly familiar with in- creasingly gloomy predictions of the dire conse- quences likely to result from the greenhouse effect which is beginning to change our climate.Man seems bent on' self pollution and even possibly self destruction.What we have not appreciated perhaps as well as we should is the likely effect on diseases that affect man-many are expected to increase, among them Lyme disease.
Poolside, 1961
Authors: Floyd Skloot
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Treatise on the Acute, Infectious Exanthemata. Including Variola, Rubeola, Scarlatina, Rubella, Varicella, and Vaccinia, with especial reference to Diagnosis and Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 513: Investigating the expression of indolamine deoxygenase I (IDO1) and other immune markers in tissue microarrays
Authors: Ana Cerezo, Gloria Martinez-del Hoyo, Sandra Peregrina, Tamara Mondejar, Eduardo Caleiras, Patricia Gonzalez, Eva Lospitao, Sonia Hernandez-Tiedra, Laura Diezma, Estela Casas, Frank Dorsey, Karim Benhadji, Raymond Gilmour, Sandaruwan Geeganage, Susana Velasco
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose of the study: To gain insight to the proportion of solid tumors that express IDO1, CD73 and PD-L1 in lung cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and melanoma, and the correlation between expression of these immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration within the tumor. Experimental procedures: Using a battery of properly validated antibodies, we have performed an in situ analysis of IDO1, CD73 and PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in a panel of colon cancer (n=68), lung cancer (n=36), RCC (n=67) and melanoma (n=48) tissue microarray samples. Tumor infiltrating T cells, CD3+ and CD8+, were also detected by IHC and counted in serial sections for each sample. We search for a possible a correlation between the expression of these immunosuppressor proteins and the number of infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T cells as well as their expression in the different tumor components: tumor cells, stroma and endothelium. Results: Our IHC analysis allowed us to classify the analyzed samples into two main groups: those with expression of IDO1, CD73 and PD-L1, which were also the ones with a high presence of immune cells within the tumors, “hot tumors”, and those that showed to be negative for all three proteins, and that correlated with lower infiltration of T cells, “cold tumors”. We also analyzed the location of the proteins within the tumors, and found an effect between endothelial expression of Ido1 and reduced infiltration in lung and RCC tumors. Conclusions: The response to combined immune checkpoint and IDO1 therapy could depend on the proper stratification of patients; therefore, it is of significant interest to determine the proportion of solid tumors that express IDO1, CD73 and PD-L1, and the correlation of the expression of these three immune check points to immune cell infiltration within the tumor. Thus, proper patient stratification based on the expression of these immune checkpoints may improve the efficacy of IDO1 inhibitor based immune therapies. Citation Format: Ana Cerezo, Gloria Martinez-del Hoyo, Sandra Peregrina, Tamara Mondejar, Eduardo Caleiras, Patricia Gonzalez, Eva Lospitao, Sonia Hernandez-Tiedra, Laura Diezma, Estela Casas, Frank Dorsey, Karim Benhadji, Raymond Gilmour, Sandaruwan Geeganage, Susana Velasco. Investigating the expression of indolamine deoxygenase I (IDO1) and other immune markers in tissue microarrays [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 513.
Overexpression of <i>c-met</i> as a Prognostic Indicator for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Comparison With <i>p53</i> Nuclear Accumulation
Authors: Hong-Lin Cheng, Barry Trink, Tzong-Shin Tzai, Hsiao-Sheng Liu, Shih-Huang Chan, Chung-Liang Ho, David Sidransky, Nan-Haw Chow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The c-met proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (Met) and has been shown to play a role in oncogenesis. Given that high titers of hepatocyte growth factor, the specific ligand for Met, are excreted in the urine and tend to reflect disease activity of bladder cancer, we performed this study to examine the clinical significance of Met in human bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the mRNA expression and genomic alteration of c-met in five bladder cancer cell lines. Significance of Met overexpression was then compared with p53 nuclear accumulation (TP53) in primary bladder cancer (n = 142 patients). RESULTS: Expression of c-met mRNA tended to positively correlate with differentiation of cancer cell lines in the absence of point mutation. High expression of Met was found in seven cases (4.9%), low expression in 32 cases (22.5%), and negative expression in 103 cases (72.5%). Expression of Met was positively associated with histologic grade, stage classification, tumor size, and nodular tumor growth (P &lt; .05, respectively); however, it was not related to TP53 status. Factors that predicted disease progression were tumor stage, Met status, and TP53 accumulation (P &lt; .05, respectively). Indicators for poor long-term survival were invasive cancer, multiple tumors, and Met overexpression (P = .0006, .01, and .04, respectively). CONCLUSION: The c-met proto-oncogene plays a more important role in the progression of bladder carcinogenesis than p53. Evaluation of Met expression could identify a subset of bladder cancer patients who may require a more intensive treatment strategy.
Intrathoracic Goiter
Authors: D Steiner, G Bachmann, A Günter, R Bauer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A 60-year-old Lebanese man, living in Germany for the past 30 years, coughed yellow sputum and was febrile. Physical examination showed no acute distress, but breath sounds were absent over the right apex posteriorly. A chest radiograph disclosed a 9 × 12 cm mass in the right upper lobe. Chest CT suggested primary lung cancer. Thyroid scintigrams using Tc-99m and I-123 showed increased mediastinal uptake. suggesting a retrosternal goiter. Image fusion between the thoracic MRI and scintigrams confirmed the goiter size and localization. Histologic analysis proved the diagnosis of toxic goiter.
Die Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten: Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung für die Praxis
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SURGICAL ASPECTS OF FOOTBALL.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal