tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Development of Conjugative Enzyme Systems
Authors: George W. Lucier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The problems and priorities involved in studying the role of conjugagive enzymes in developmental pharmacology are discussed and evaluated. The relative rates of UDP glucuronyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase were studied during perinatal development in hepatic and extrahepatic tissues to determine the net balance of glucuronidation or deglucuronidation at different developmental stages. In general, deglucuronidation predominated over glucuronidation in fetal tissues whereas the converse was evident in adults. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), an extremely toxic contaminant of some organochlorine compounds, was shown to be a potent inducer of some hepatic and extrahepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes. TCDD, administered during gestation, induced the postnatal activities of p-nitrophenol glucuronyltransferase and benzpyrene hydroxylase in rats. Foster mother experiments revealed that the postnatal induction was caused primarily by newborn exposure to TCDD in the mother's milk. Tissue distribution experiments with TCDD-14C confirmed these findings. Although TCDD induced non-steroid glucuronidation, no significant effects were evident on the postnatal development of steroid glucuronidation. The synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) is metabolized primarily by glucuronidation. The postnatal development of DES glucuronidation, like the steroid pathway, was not affected by gestational TCDD treatment. The fetal distribution of DES and DES-glucuronide, at different stages of development, correlated well with the perinatal development of steroid glucuronyltransferase activity.
COMPACT POCKET CASE.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The road to euthanasia
Authors: R. W. Carton
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Sprung<sup>1</sup>finds American medicine further along the road to euthanasia than is commonly thought. His argument can be summarized as follows: With the development of the technology of life support during the past 30 years, severely ill persons have survived in coma, in the chronic vegetative state, or in other states of great impairment. These persons formerly would have died relatively promptly after the insult that precipitated their condition. Now they are shielded from cardiopulmonary collapse and death by the modern forms of life support, which extend from complex volume ventilators to simple methods of feeding by gastrostomy tube. To cope with the problems presented by this population, our society has revised the definition of "death" (as in the Harvard report of 1968)<sup>2</sup>and relaxed the standards for maintenance of life (as in the<i>Quinlan</i>case of 1976).<sup>3</sup>Who may be
Barristogenic
Authors: Mark E. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In our time, the image of the physician has drastically changed. Formerly, shunning public exposure, he went about his very full days, much occupied and glad to find quiet and rest after long hours of toil. Now, health care is a hot political issue with concomitant public exposure. The malpractice situation has had wide coverage in the press. The thalidomide disaster was of world-interest and brought to the attention of all the dangers of our potent drugs. The word "iatrogenic," meaning "caused by the doctor," is much used and abused. The legal profession induces a number of illnesses and complicates and prolongs others, particularly those involving accidents and liability cases. I suggest the word "barristogenic," for disorders induced by barristers, lawyers, counselors, attorneys, and solicitors—not only as known in England but also with an American connotation.
Exposure to cotton dust and respiratory disease. Textile workers, 'brown lung,' and lung cancer
Authors: S. Heyden
Journal: JAMA (1980)

GENERAL agreement exists that some persons experience an acute respiratory reaction when exposed to cotton dust. Symptoms range from coughing and wheezing to shortness of breath and chest tightness and can occur and subside intermittently. Thus, the variability of symptoms among susceptible persons appears characteristic of the condition called byssinosis. It is further recognized that a certain number of workers will experience bronchitis when continually exposed to substantial cotton dust levels over a long period. There is, however, a vast difference of opinion regarding the production of chronic obstructive lung disease to cotton dust. Many experts question whether a disabling disease develops from long-term cotton dust inhalation and do not accept a cause-and-effect relationship between cotton dust and chronic obstructive lung disease. They base their opinion on several studies, some of which will be discussed here. A group<sup>1</sup>from Duke University made two particularly striking observations that have received
Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway with MLN0128 (mTORC1/2 inh) and MLN1117 (PI3K alpha inh) in bladder cancer: Rational for its testing in clinical trials.
Authors: Alejandro Martinez, Anna Hernandez, Oriol Arpi, Silvia Menendez, Natalia Iarchouk, Elena Gavilan, Beatriz Bellosillo, Montserrat Arumí, Federico Rojo, Stephanie A. Mullane, Toni K. Choueiri, Ana Rovira, Joan Albanell, Rachael Brake, Joaquim Bellmunt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15520 Background: PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is a promising target for cancer treatment being commonly deregulated in human bladder tumors and resulting in the promotion of tumor cell growth, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to characterize the effects of MLN0128, a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) dual inhibitor, and MLN1117, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) alpha isoform that may be more efficacious and less toxic than pan-PI3K inhibitors as bladder cancer therapies. Methods: We evaluated the effects of MLN0128 and MLN1117 both as single agents and in combination with each other or with a SOC chemotherapy agent (paclitaxel). The effects of the agents alone or in combination were analysed in a panel of six bladder cancer cell lines and in tumor xenografts. These models were selected based on specific genomic alterations that could be considered as potential therapeutic targets (PIK3CA and TSC mutations). Molecular effects of both agents and the combinations on cell-cycle, apoptosis, autophagy and on cell viability were tested in the bladder cancer cell lines. The in vivo effects on tumor growth inhibition were also assessed. Results: Both MLN0128 and MLN1117 inhibit the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and reduce cell proliferation in bladder cancer cell lines with diverse genetic backgrounds. Combination of MLN0128 + MLN1117 produced synergistic antiproliferative effects in cell lines and improved the effect of each drug alone in vitro and in vivo, with no signs of toxicity in these models. Similar effects were observed with the combination of paclitaxel + MLN0128. Conclusions: Our results show that MLN0128 and MLN1117 are promising investigational agents that might be of value for bladder cancer patients. Further investigation as novel anti-cancer agents alone or in combination with chemotherapy in clinical trials in humans is warranted.
Occupational Exposure to Lead and Induction of Genetic Damage
Authors: Alexander Vaglenov, Amadeu Creus, Stoyan Laltchev, Vera Petkova, Sonya Pavlova, Ricardo Marcos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

To investigate whether occupational exposure to lead is genotoxic, we evaluated data from 103 lead-exposed workers and 78 matched controls. These data correspond to three different sampling periods, and we measured genetic damage as increases in the frequency of binucleated cells with micronuclei (BNMN) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of exposure were determined according to the lead levels in blood. Clearly significant increases in BNMN were observed in the exposed groups when compared to the control group. In addition, for the overall population (n = 181), we observed a clear relationship between lead levels in blood and BNMN (r = 0.497; p < 0.001). When we examined four exposure levels--very low exposure (< 1.20 microM/L), low exposure (1.20-1.91 microM/L), high exposure (1.92-2.88 microM/L), and very high exposure (> 2.88 microM/L)--we found significant differences in the genetic damage induction. We conclude that exposure to levels of lead higher than 1.20 microM/L may pose an increase in genetic risk. In addition, our data show that blood lead level is a good indicator of genetic damage induction.
Surveillance of respiratory virus infections among Alaskan Eskimo children
Authors: J. E. Maynard
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During the winter of 1966, surveillance of acute virusassociated respiratory disease was undertaken among Eskimo children resident at Bethel, Alaska. Combined serologic and isolation studies revealed evidence of viral association in 48 (75%) of the cases. A respiratory syncytial virus outbreak and a mixed influenza A2 and B epidemic occurred during the study period. Evidence of simultaneous infection with influenza A2 and B viruses was obtained in 13 children. Other isolations included parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, adenovirus types 2 and 5, rhinovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Virus transport medium consisting of tryptose phosphate broth with 0.5% gelatin and 1% chicken serum proved suitable for isolation of respiratory syncytial virus, despite one cycle of freeze-thaw with storage at —70 C for as long as ten days prior to attempts at viral isolation.
Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Health Authority A random 20% sample of acute asthma admissions aged 15-44 from five Manchester health districts in 1985 and 1990-1 were examined.Total admissions increased from 440 in 1985 to 735 in 1990-1.Fewer notes were traced in 1990-1.Duration of symptoms prior to admission was significantly shorter in 1990-1 (X2 42-41, 0-001 >p).The differences in management between thoracic and non- thoracic physicians were less in 1990-1 but fewer admissions were under thoracic physicians (1985, 47%; 1990-1, 34%).There were no differences in 1990-1 between thoracic and non-thoracic physicians in use of nebulisers and oral steroids, frequency of blood gas estimation and chest radiographs.Some aspects of management were worse in 1990-1, regular PEFR estimation was significantly less in both thoracic (X2 8 46) and non-thoracic patients (X2 8 57; 0-005>p>0O001).In 1990-1 thoracic physicians discharged more patients on inhaled steroids (84% v 74%, NS) and were more likely to give follow up appointments (86% v 56%, x2 9-90; 0-005>p>0-001).Patients in 1990-1 however were much more likely to fail those appointments 6/62 v 30/71 (X2 17 78; 0-001>p).There was a major improvement in the management of asthma by non-thoracic physicians between 1978 and 1985, which is maintained in 1990-1, whilst thoracic physicians continue to perform better.Some aspects of monitoring severity were worse in 1990-1 than in 1985 despite the BTS guidelines being published shortly before the 1990-1 audit.Which asthmatics keep coming to casualty and why?
Probing The Human B-Cell Repertoire With Ebv: Polyreactive Antibodies And Cd5+ B Lymphocyte
Authors: P Casali
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1989)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Infective Endocarditis in the Antibiotic Era
Authors: Phillip I. Lerner, Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Clinical Course of Treated EndocarditisFeverThe institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy frequently leads to defervescence and increase in the sense of well-being within several days. However, the fall in temperature may be gradual, normal levels not being reached until after more than a week of treatment; in some cases (12 per cent in this series) low-grade fever may be present through the entire period of therapy.Among the possibilities that require consideration, in the presence of continued or renewed fever, are ineffectiveness of the antibiotic, inadequate dose of drug, reaction to the antimicrobial agent, presence of metastatic areas of . . .
Physician participation in assisted suicide
Authors: Kenneth Kipnis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The appearance of the article entitled "Physician Participation in Assisted Suicide" in<i>JAMA</i>is an encouraging sign that this issue is receiving attention at the highest levels of the medical profession. Dr Orentlicher,<sup>1</sup>Ethics and Health Policy Counsel, has provided a fair-minded review of the trend toward permissibility and has marshalled arguments against assisting suicide. Unfortunately, these arguments are wanting. Dr Orentlicher begins by reminding us that the American Medical Association's Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, following the Hippocratic Oath, has held that, although physicians may intend to save life and relieve suffering, they may not intend as a "primary purpose" the deaths of their patients. Since we are not told how to derive these truths, we have either unsupported assertions (not an argument at all) or, in the alternative, an appeal to traditional authority. Because the Hippocratic Oath also prohibits abortion and "cutting for
Active Tumor Permeation and Uptake of Surface Charge-Switchable Theranostic Nanoparticles for Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Chemo Combinatorial Therapy: Erratum
Authors: Chia-Chian Hung, Wen-Chia Huang, Yi-Wen Lin, Ting-Wei Yu, Hsin-Hung Chen, Sung-Chyr Lin, Wen-Hsuan Chiang, Hsin-Cheng Chiu
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

[This corrects the article on p. 302 in vol. 6, PMID: 26909107.].
SOCIETY NEWS
Authors: Christopher E. Pelloski
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2009)

The first Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Basic and Translational Research Conference will be held on October 2, 2009, at the Renaissance Hotel in Asheville, North Carolina.The conference will provide a forum for researchers engaged in the discovery of the pathogenic mechanisms of pediatric brain tumors and the translation of laboratory discoveries into novel therapies.Attendance at this conference is by invitation only, and all invited researchers will make oral presentations.For additional information, please
AMERICAN VS. FOREIGN LITERATURE.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coagulation abnormalities in women taking oral contraceptives
Authors: A. C. Carvalho
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Thirteen asymptomatic women taking oral contraceptives (OCs) were compared with normal subjects. Platelet aggregation and serotonin (tagged with carbon 14) release with adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, and collagen did not differ from controls. Activation of the intrinsic coagulation pathway was evaluated by measurements of factor XII, prekallikrein, and kallikrein inhibitors. Women taking OCs had normal factor XII levels, moderately elevated prekallikrein levels, and decreased kallikrein inhibitor levels, a pattern not consistent with activation of the intrinsic pathway. The concentration of heavy molecular weight fibrinogen derivatives (HMWFD) was significantly elevated (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). In contrast, fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products in serum were lower than normal (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). The increased HMWFD concentration may reflect activation of the coagulation system not mediated by factor XII activation nor potentiated by decreased antithrombin III. Thus, plasma coagulation abnormalities rather than platelet changes may be the factor that predisposes women taking OCs to thromboembolic disorders. (<i>JAMA</i>237:875-878, 1977)
Thrombolytic Therapy
Authors: Matthew J. Sorrentino
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 March 1991Thrombolytic TherapyMatthew J. Sorrentino, MDMatthew J. Sorrentino, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-6-521_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In their review of the selection of patients with acute myocardial infarction for thrombolytic therapy, Muller and Topol (1) pointed out the current limitations in applying this therapy to a larger number of patients. The decision to withhold thrombolytic therapy, however, is based not only on the recognition of risk factors but also on our inability to make an accurate and timely diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (2).Eligibility criteria for thrombolytic trials have usually relied on a typical history of chest pain and specific electrocardiographic (ECG) findings of acute ischemia. Up to 50% of patients...References1. MullerTopol DE. Selection of patients with acute myocardial infarction for thrombolytic therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:949-60. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SorrentinoFeldman MT. Clinical and electrocardiographic limitations on the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction: implications for thrombolytic therapy. Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 1990;2:187-92. Google Scholar3. SimonFeinleibThompson AMH. Components of delay in the pre-hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1972;30:476-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. RouanLeeCookBrandWeisbergGoldman GTEDML. Clinical characteristics and outcome of acute myocardial infarction in patients with initially normal or nonspecific electrocardiograms. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:1087-92. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Andre-FouetPillotLeizoroviczFinetGayetMilon XMAGCH. "Non-Q-wave" alias "nontransmural," myocardial infarction: a specific entity. Am Heart J. 1989;117:892-902. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The University of Chicago Medical Center Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1991Volume 114, Issue 6Page: 521-521KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionElectrocardiographyIschemiaMedical risk factors Issue Published: 15 March 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Danger Symptoms
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxygen-Dependent Microbial Killing by Phagocytes
Authors: Bernard M. Babior
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Inherited Abnormalities of the Oxygen-Dependent Killing Mechanisms of PhagocytesStudies over the past 15 years have disclosed a number of inherited conditions in which there is a deficiency in one or another of the enzymes involved in the oxidative killing mechanisms of phagocytes (Table 1). Some of these conditions are characterized by a marked impairment in host defense against bacterial infection, whereas others are clinically benign.Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseThe first such condition to be discovered,100 and certainly the most extensively studied, is the condition known as chronic granulomatous disease. Defined as a clinical entity in . . .