tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Edinburgh Stereoscopic Atlas of Anatomy.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

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THE HOOKWORM CARRIER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

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BERNHARD SIEGFRIED ALBINUS (1697-1770) GERMAN-DUTCH ANATOMIST
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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Role of platelets in hepatic allograft preservation injury in the rat
Authors: R Cywes
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Cold preservation of liver allografts injures hepatic sinusoidal lining cells. This injury is exacerbated on reperfusion, in part because of adhesion of leukocytes. Platelets also adhere to activated endothelial surfaces. In this study we examined the role of platelets in preservation injury. Our specific aim was to determine whether the degree of platelet adhesion on reperfusion of preserved rat livers was related to duration of cold or warm ischemia and whether platelet adhesion resulted in injury to allografts. We also examined the effect of prior activation of platelets on adhesion and injury. Rat livers were preserved at 1° C for different time periods in University of Wisconsin solution and then reperfused for 3 hr on the isolated perfused rat liver system with Krebs-Henseleit solution to which unactivated isolated rat platelets were added. Other livers were rewarmed before reperfusion or reperfused with activated platelets. Platelets were lost from the circulation in all studies; the percentage reduction of circulating platelets was dependent on the length of preservation. The initial platelet concentration did not affect the rate of reduction of platelets in the circuit. Rewarming before reperfusion increased platelet adherence, and prior activation also increased adherence. With electron microscopy we determined that platelets adhered in small aggregates to endothelial cells or endothelial cell remnants. Adherent platelets appeared more activated and contained fewer granules than did unperfused platelets. Liver injury as measured by release of transaminases into perfusate was worsened by longer periods of cold preservation and by addition of rewarming to the protocol. The presence of platelets under these circumstances aggravated injury. Prior activation of platelets also increased the extent of injury. These studies show that platelets have an important role in cold preservation-reperfusion injury. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:635–647.)
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1923)

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Cyanide Intoxication
Authors: Peter Wald
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with great interest the recent article by Blanc et al<sup>1</sup>regarding toxic reactions to cyanide in silver reclamation workers. We feel that several of their conclusions are misleading and not justified by the findings of their study. The study design itself is flawed (as the authors recognize) in that it is a retrospective study using self-reported symptoms. We do not know how many asymptomatic workers were excluded from the study, nor if workers had an interest in reporting positive symptoms. These difficulties are further compounded by the fact that there are no direct measurements of either tissue cyanide or environmental cyanide during plant operation. In addition, no measurements were made of other possible environmental toxins, especially carbon monoxide and organic solvents. It is essential to know how the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning was made in the index case. Limited information is presented with regard
Abortion
Authors: Charles V. Ford
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<i>Abortion</i>is not just another book on abortion. This scholarly, well-documented treatise comprehensively details the medical, sociological, epidemiologic, and political aspects of the subject and succeeds in provocatively placing abortion with those factors that have profoundly affected world history. The differences in income<i>per capita</i>, education, literacy and female employment that characterize socio-economic advance are dependent on a reduction in achieved family size. No society has made such an adjustment without significant recourse to abortion—whether legal or illegal. Induced abortion has been and is an intrinsic element in social progress. With this hypothesis as a background, the authors are at least sympathetic to the pre-reform illegal abortionists whom they regard as having performed a service demanded by a hypocritical society. They note that one of the major advances in abortion technique and equipment, the Karman curette for vacuum aspiration, was in fact developed by an illegal abortionist. However, as legal
EXPERTS MAY TESTIFY AS TO NECESSITY FOR THE REMOVAL OF AN EYE.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The keepers of the bed. Castration and religion
Authors: V. J. Derbes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

I have chosen the phrase "keepers of the bed" to indicate eunuchs, for it is a literal translation of the word which comes from the Greek<i>eune</i>, bed, and<i>echein</i>, to hold or keep. Partial or complete excision of man's genitalia, castration, eviration, or eunuchism, is the most cruel of all mutilations and not the least practiced. According to ancient tradition the knowledge of castration was obtained from an animal, the castor or beaver, who practiced it upon himself when being hunted, abandoning his testicles rather than allowing himself to be captured. The Romans formed the word<i>castorare</i>, to act like the castor, and modified it slightly to<i>castrare</i>. The organs of generation were regarded as sacred and noble, a symbol of divine power; one swore by them, and on swearing an oath to someone, he placed his hand on the testes. In the<i>Bible</i>the euphemism for testicles is
AUTHORS' REPLY
Authors: C P Van Schayck, C L A Van Herwaarden
Journal: Thorax (1994)

aggerated sensitivity to LTC4 has been ob- served to be a characteristic of s-salbutamol in allergic animals.7There can be no doubt that allergic hyperreactivity in the guinea pig is spasmogen selective, with LTC4, LTE4, and histamine being sensitive indicators of this phenomenon.However, following protracted (six days) exposure to salbutamol (1 mg/kg/ day) there is a divergence of changed re- sponsiveness such that it might be concluded from studies using LTC4 or LTE4 that airway responsiveness had increased whereas, at the same time and in the same anirnal, reduced responsiveness to histamine would favour a contrary conclusion.Hence, before ca- tegorising changes in airway responsiveness due to sympathomimetics as being small in asthmatic subjects, it would be prudent to examine a wider range of test spasmogens.When first investigated by use of sophisticated recording techniques, it was concluded that allergic airway hyperreactivity did not occur in the guinea pig.8By giving consideration to alternative test spasmogens it is now possible to demonstrate substantial increased airway responsiveness during a modest allergic reaction in this species.3Furthermore, it is possible to define circumstances whereby sus- tained exposure to sympathomimetics heightens susceptibility to certain allergic mediators so that the response to a low dose of antigen is transformed from a source of mild dis- comfort to sudden death.In the absence of experimental data, it cannot be presumed that this phenomenon cannot occur in asthma.
Effect of Radiation on the Human Reproductive System
Authors: Amanda L. Ogilvy-Stuart, Stephen M. Shalet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Irradiation may have a profound effect on reproductive function.The schedule of the delivered irradiation (total dose, number of fractions, and duration) is an important determinant ofthe radiobiological effect on the tissues involved and varies among different tissues and organs.Irradiation to the central nervous system may affect the timing of the onset of puberty, result in hyperprolactinemia, or cause gonadotropin deficiency if the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is involved in the radiation field.Direct irradiation to the testis will, in lower doses, affect the germinal epithelium: doses of irradiation greater than 0.35 Gy cause aspermia, which may be reversible.The time taken for recovery increases with larger doses; however, with doses in excess of 2 Gy aspermia may be permanent.At higher radiation doses (> 15 Gy), Leydig cell function will also be affected.In addition to radiation dose, the vulnerability ofthe testis is dependent on the age at irradiation and the pubertal status of the male.In the female, the response of the ovary to the effects of irradiation varies with age as well as dose, and separation of ovarian dysfunction into hormonal and fertility effects is not clearcut.An ovarian dose of4 Gy may cause a 30% incidence of sterility in young women, but 100% sterility in women over 40 years of age.Pelvic irradiation may also have a profound effect on the uterus, with arrested growth in the prepubertal girl, and failure of uterine expansion during pregnancy with subsequent miscarriages and premature labor.
The International Medical Annual and Practitioner's Index; A Work of Reference for Medical Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adoptive Transfer of Experimental Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in the LEW Rat
Authors: Hal B. Richerson, J. Daniel Coon, David Lubaroff
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The pathogenesis of immune-mediated pulmonary inflammation following inhalation of antigen in sensitized subjects may involve specific cellular or humoral mechanisms, or both. We used adoptive transfer to document cellular mechanisms in an established LEW rat model of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The optimal protocol utilized sensitized spleen cells cultured for 72 h in the presence of antigen and concanavalin A before intraperitoneal injection of 20 × 106 cultured cells into sublethally irradiated recipients. Experimental and control rats were subjected 7 d later to twice daily aerosol challenge for 1 or 3 d and examined 12 h after the last challenge. Histopathology was evaluated in one lung, and the other was lavaged and cells evaluated by flow cytometry for T cell phenotypes (CD4, CD8, and RT6, CD45R subsets). Histopathology and cell numbers for most phenotypes were increased in experimental over controls, but proportions were unchanged. Similar results were obtained in animals evaluated at both 24 and 72 h after initial challenge. Results indicate cellular participation in an established LEW rat model of HP. Significant increases in numbers of T cell phenotypes suggest an important role in pathogenesis, but no single phenotype could be incriminated by disproportionate numbers.
Ending Life
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RESPONSE: Re: Specific Antibody Levels at the Cervix During the Menstrual Cycle of Women Vaccinated With Human Papillomavirus 16 Virus-Like Particles
Authors: D. R. Lowy, D. Nardelli-Haefliger, A. Hildesheim, J. T. Schiller
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

We read with interest the article by in which the authors reported an approximate ninefold reduction in cervical anti-human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) immunoglobulin (Ig; specific IgG and total IgG and IgA) levels at the time of ovulation in 11 women who received aluminumfree (i.e., adjuvant-free) HPV16 L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine synthesized in a baculovirus system (1).The authors hypothesized that the efficacy of prophylactic HPV16 L1 VLP vaccines may be reduced during the peri-ovulatory phase in women who are not using hormonal contraception.We recently reported (2) the primary efficacy results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of a prophylactic HPV16 L1 VLP vaccine in 2392 women aged between 16 and 23 years.The HPV16 L1 VLPs were synthesized in yeast and formulated on aluminum adjuvant.In the primary efficacy cohort, the vaccine was found to be 100% ef-dose of VLPs (3).
EHPnet: Evolving Research
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Portland, who served on a National Research Council panel that reviewed the Edgewood studies in the early 1980s, said the Army did only a "crude screening" of the soldiers that would not have picked up subtle effects."We could not rule out the possibility of changes in sleep and brain function," Spencer said.And last January, the Presidential Advisory Committee on Gulf War Veterans' Illnesses concluded in its final report that, while stress "is likely to be an important contributing fac- tor" to Gulf War illnesses, the government should sponsor more research on low-level exposures to chemical weapons.The committee also
Abstract 4089: CADM1 is a TWIST1 regulated suppressor of melanoma invasion
Authors: Edward J. Hartsough, Michele B. Weiss, Curtis H. Kugel, Sheera R. Rosenbaum, Andrew E. Aplin
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer; however, with early detection prior to metastatic dissemination, patients generally have a good prognosis. Recently, our lab has implicated the transcription factor TWIST1 in the progression of melanoma towards metastasis. In melanoma cells, we found that RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK (ERK1/2 pathway) signaling increases TWIST1 expression, which promotes invasive properties in the dermal microenvironment at least in part by enhancing levels of the matrix metalloproteinase, MMP1. Other TWIST1 regulated targets are poorly described. In this study, we compared expression profiling data from cells expressing shRNA against TWIST1 or cells overexpressing TWIST1 in order to determine TWIST1 regulated genes. KEGG and GO analysis revealed that TWIST1 is responsible for regulating a number of genes involved in cellular adhesion. We found that TWIST1 levels inversely correlate with levels of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) (NECL-2, IGSF4, TSLC1, SynCAM). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies and promoter assays demonstrate that TWIST1 physically interacts with CADM1 promoter and this is associated with reduced CADM1 levels. Additionally, CADM1 expression is inversely associated ERK1/2 signaling and TWIST1 expression. Modulation of cellular CADM1 levels does not seem to affect proliferations rates however, overexpression of CADM1 augments cell-cell interaction, and cell aggregation. Furthermore, exogenous CADM1 inhibited serum directed migration and invasion through matrigel coated boyden chambers, while knockdown of CADM1 was associated with an enhancement in the migratory and invasion properties. Taken together, these data provide evidence that CADM1 is negatively regulated by TWIST1, and may act as a suppressor of melanoma invasion. Citation Format: Edward J. Hartsough, Michele B. Weiss, Curtis H. Kugel, Sheera R. Rosenbaum, Andrew E. Aplin. CADM1 is a TWIST1 regulated suppressor of melanoma invasion. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4089. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4089