tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4259: Defining subtle cancer subtypes using the darkest DNA
Authors: Laxmi Parida, Claudia Haferlach, Kahn Rhrissorrakrai, Filippo Utro, Chaya Levovitz, Kern Wolfgang, Niroshan Nadarajah, Stephan Hutter, Manja Meggendorfer, Wencke Walter, Constance Baer, Torsten Haferlach
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The confluence of deep sequencing and powerful machine learning is providing an unprecedented peek at the darkest of the dark genomic matter. While deep sequencing uncovers rare tumor variants, the heterogeneity of the disease confounds the best of machine learning (ML) algorithms. Here we set out to answer if the dark-matter of the genome encompass signals that can classify the fine subtypes of disease that are otherwise gnomically indistinguishable. We introduce a novel stochastic regularization, ReVeal, that empowers ML to classify subtle cancer subtypes even from the same ‘cell of origin’. Analogous to heritability, implicitly defined on whole genome, we use predictability (F1 score) definable on portions of the genome. In an effort to classify cancer subtypes using dark-matter DNA, we applied ReVeal to a new WGS dataset from 727 patient samples with seven forms of hematological cancers and assessed the predictivity over several genomic regions including genic, non-dark, non-coding, non-genic, dark. ReVeal allowed the classification of all segments of the genome better than standard ML algorithms. The non-genic, non-coding and the dark-matter had the highest F1 scores with dark-matter having the highest level of predictability (F1 = 0.78). Based on ReVeal’s predictability of different sectors of the genome, dark matter contains signal significant enough to classify fine subtypes of disease. The agglomeration of rare variants, even in the hitherto unannotated and ill-understood regions of the genome, may play a substantial role in the disease etiology and deserve much more attention. Citation Format: Laxmi Parida, Claudia Haferlach, Kahn Rhrissorrakrai, Filippo Utro, Chaya Levovitz, Kern Wolfgang, Niroshan Nadarajah, Stephan Hutter, Manja Meggendorfer, Wencke Walter, Constance Baer, Torsten Haferlach. Defining subtle cancer subtypes using the darkest DNA [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4259.
Hypercalcitonemia in bronchogenic cancer. Evidence for thyroid origin of the hormone
Authors: O. L. Silva
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Retrograde venous catheterization in a hypercalcitonemic patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrated that the thyroid gland was secreting a very large amount of hormone (14-fold higher than the peripheral level), while the venous drainage from the tumor deposits was similar in concentration to that of the periphery. Conceivably, the calcitonin is being elaborated in response to metastatic and humoral bone resorption or both. Radiotherapy resulted in a decrease in the calcitonin level. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic or prognostic implications of serum calcitonin in bronchogenic cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>234:183-185, 1975)
Medical manpower
Authors: M. O. Rouse
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Prospective, Randomized, Phase III Study of Melphalan 200 mg/m2 (Mel200) Versus Melphalan 100 mg/m2 (Mel100) in Newly Diagnosed Myeloma Patients.
Authors: Antonio Palumbo, Sara Bringhen, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Antonietta Falcone, Anna Marina Liberati, Vito Michele Lauta, Mariella Grasso, Marco Montanaro, Francesco Pisani, Tommaso Caravita, Clotilde Cangialosi, Patrizia Pregno, Andrea Nozza, Elisabetta Calabrese, Francesca Gay, Federica Cavallo, Paola Omedè, Pellegrino Musto, Robin Foà, Mario Boccadoro
Journal: Blood (2007)
Undergraduate medical education
Authors: A. E. Crowley
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>MEDICAL SCHOOLS Accreditation</h3> The official accrediting body for educational programs leading to the MD degree is the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), which is listed for this purpose by the US Secretary of Education and recognized by the Council on Postsecondary Accreditation. (For membership of the LCME, see Appendix I.) The criteria by which the LCME accredits such programs in the United States, and in Canada in cooperation with the Committee for the Accreditation of Canadian Medical Schools, are published in<i>Functions and Structure of a Medical School: Standards for Accreditation of Medical Education Programs Leading to the MD Degree</i>. Copies of this document are available from the LCME Office, American Medical Association Division of Undergraduate Medical Education, 535 N Dearborn St, Chicago, IL 60610; or the LCME Office, Association of American Medical Colleges Office of Accreditation, One Dupont Circle NW, Washington, DC 20036. <h3>Accredited Programs in Medical Education</h3>
Erratum to “a single-subunit NADH-quinone oxidoreductase renders resistance to mammalian nerve cells against complex I inhibition”
Authors: Byoung Boo Seo, Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso, Terence R Flotte, Takao Yagi, Akemi Matsuno-Yagi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

On page 340, the following sentence should be added to the last paragraph:MN9D cells were established by Alfred Heller of University of Chicago (Choi, H.K., Won, L.A., Kontur, P.J., Hammond, D.N., Fox, A.P., Wainer, B.H., Hoffmann, P.C., and Heller, A. (1991). Immortalization of embryonic mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by somatic cells fusion. Brain Res. 552: 67–76). On page 340, the following sentence should be added to the last paragraph: MN9D cells were established by Alfred Heller of University of Chicago (Choi, H.K., Won, L.A., Kontur, P.J., Hammond, D.N., Fox, A.P., Wainer, B.H., Hoffmann, P.C., and Heller, A. (1991). Immortalization of embryonic mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by somatic cells fusion. Brain Res. 552: 67–76). A Single-Subunit NADH-Quinone Oxidoreductase Renders Resistance to Mammalian Nerve Cells against Complex I InhibitionSeo et al.Molecular TherapySeptember, 2002In BriefNumerous studies suggest that dysfunction of mitochondrial proton-translocating NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Development of methods to correct complex I defects seems important. We have previously shown that the single-subunit NADH dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ndi1P) can work as a replacement for complex I in mammalian cells. Using a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector carrying the NDI1 gene, we now demonstrated that the Ndi1 enzyme was successfully expressed in the dopaminergic cell lines rat PC12 and mouse MN9D. Full-Text PDF Open Archive
Plastic Surgery
Authors: Richard Carlton Schultz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Advances in plastic and reconstructive surgery during the past year have been in the areas of musculocutaneous flaps, breast reconstruction, craniofacial surgery, and microsurgery. With a few exceptions, the latter two disciplines have returned to and developed most strongly in the large university medical centers, where ancillary resources and specially trained personnel are more readily accessible. Although the well-trained plastic surgeon may attain sufficient skills to perform such surgery, the depth of support facilities and personnel required to prepare adequately for procedures and care for the patients postoperatively has become a factor in the establishment of regional tertiary care centers for referral of this type of surgery. This may change in the years ahead, as secondary care centers become more sophisticated. <h3>Musculocutaneous Flaps</h3> The fundamental concept of composite tissue coverage related to dependable musculocutaneous vascular circulation, based on the known vascularity of large muscle segments, has now been described and
1893.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Second-Opinion Trial in Patients Recommended for Coronary Angiography
Authors: John F. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Since its inception almost 40 years ago, selective coronary angiography has become the cornerstone of both the accurate diagnosis and clinical management of patients suspected of having coronary artery disease. Immense technological advances have rendered the procedure a safe, minimally uncomfortable, and accurate technique that is now often performed in an outpatient setting. The procedure has also documented the fact that the clinical diagnosis of angina pectoris based on history and noninvasive techniques alone can be inaccurate in as many as 15% to 20% of patients in whom it is suspected.<sup>1</sup> A normal coronary angiogram often frees a patient who would otherwise be suspected of having coronary disease from a lifetime of inappropriate medical therapy as well as from considerable physical and psychological disability. Recognition of several angiographic patterns of coronary disease, such as severe left main coronary narrowing or two- or three-vessel disease with an
Lowered aortic impedance as therapy for severe mitral regurgitation
Authors: W. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Sodium nitroprusside was administered intravenously to a patient critically ill with severe mitral insufficiency caused by leakage around a prosthetic mitral valve. Cardiac index increased (1.3 to 3.2 liters/min/sq m) and regurgitant fraction and volume decreased (0.93 to 0.74 for regurgitant fraction, and 16.1 liters/min/sq m to 9.8 liters/min/sq m for regurgitant volume), in association with dramatic clinical improvement. It is suggested that nitroprusside therapy, by decreasing impedance to forward left ventricular output, may be of particular benefit to patients with severe mitral regurgitation. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1011-1013, 1974)
Human Health Effects of Exposure to Airborne Acid
Authors: Lawrence J. Folinsbee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This paper summarizes and critiques a series of reports on the health effects of acid aerosol exposure, presented at the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols and compares these data to selected previous studies. The role of the two major defenses against acid aerosols, the conversion of acid to the ammonium salts by respiratory ammonia and buffering of acid by airway surface liquid are discussed in relation to airway acid burdens expected from typical inhalation exposures. The roles of particle size and hygroscopicity on airway deposition of aerosol are also included. The major health effects studied were the effects of acid aerosol on mucociliary clearance in healthy individuals and changes in lung function in asthmatics, an important sensitive subpopulation. The broad range of response in asthmatics suggests the need for further study.
Serum and bile secretory immunoglobulins and secretory component during the early postoperative course after liver transplantation
Authors: S Bresson-Hadni
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Secretory component was assayed in serum and bile from 34 patients within 40 days after a first or a second (three cases) liver transplantation. Levels of serum secretory IgA and IgM and of a serum component referred to as immunoreactive free secretory component, identified by its reactivity with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies specific to secretory component, were significantly elevated in all posttransplant patients compared with 45 healthy subjects and 10 kidney transplant patients (p < 0.0001). The highest serum levels of bound secretory component and of immunoreactive free secretory component were observed in patients with acute rejection. The elevation of immunoreactive free secretory component was significantly higher in patients with rejection as compared with patients with a graft ischemia (p = 0.002) or an uncomplicated postoperative evolution (p = 0.01). The highest levels of immunoreactive free secretory component and secretory IgM were observed in a transplant patient with selective IgA deficiency. No significant difference was seen between the levels of serum immunoreactive free secretory component observed in patients with rejection and those of patients with cytomegalovirus hepatitis or sepsis. Immunoreactive free secretory component, secretory IgA and secretory IgM levels measured in the serum of three patients with primary nonfunction were lower than those observed in the other groups. Immunoreactive free secretory component bile/serum ratios calculated from 16 patients were significantly higher in patients with acute rejection than in infected patients. This study provides new insight into the mechanisms of increase of serum immunoreactive free secretory component, secretory IgA and secretory IgM in various types of liver dysfunction. The increase observed in all the transplant patients (except in ischemia and primary nonfunction) could be the result of liver regeneration. However, the major increase observed in rejection could also be explained both by the cholangiocyte cytolysis and by an enhancement of secretory component synthesis by cytokines involved in the mechanisms of this immune reaction. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:1046–1053.)
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1900)

At other times I may think I am a little "run down," as the Americans say.It remains an uncertain time, sometimes for many days, sometimes only for hours, and goes away as suddenly and unex- pectedly as it came.The misery and irritation it causes while it lasts no one who has not suffered from it can imagine.My left ear is much better than my right i it is the one I prefer for stethoscopic work.When fthe tinnitus is on, it is almost useless.Although over 5, and "retired," I have not met any one who can hear the ticking of a watch at a greater distance than I can with my left ear when it is in good working order.The tinnitus began some years ago, and, except when actually present, has not so far affected the hearing.
A Lecture on Recent Progress in the Pathology and Treatment of Cerebral Paralysis
Authors: J. Althaus
Journal: BMJ (1881)

I NOW proceed to consider the palsy parts constituting the corpus striatum.is of the greatest practical importance, average about 25,000 persons die of while at least twice as many people the effects of it.I have already stated always owing to disease of the blood-vessels tum, and I must therefore now say these latter.f~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~c
Risk Assessment for the Harmful Effects of UVB Radiation on the Immunological Resistance to Infectious Diseases
Authors: Wim Goettsch, Johan Garssen, Wout Slob, Frank R. de Gruijl, Henk van Loveren
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Risk assessment comprises four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. In this study, the effects of increased ultraviolet B(UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation on immune functions and the immunological resistance to infectious diseases in rats were analyzed according to this strategy. In a parallelogram approach, nonthreshold mathematical methods were used to estimate the risk for the human population after increased exposure to UVB radiation. These data demonstrate, using a worst-case strategy (sensitive individuals, no adaptation), that exposure for approximately 90 min (local noon) at 40 degrees N in July might lead to 50% suppression of specific T-cell mediated responses to Listeria monocytogenes in humans who were not preexposed to UVB (i.e., not adapted). Additionally, a 5% decrease in the thickness of the ozone layer might shorten this exposure time by approximately 2.5%. These data demonstrate that UVB radiation, at doses relevant to outdoor exposure, may affect the specific cellular immune response to Listeria bacteria in humans. Whether this will also lead to a lowered resistance (i.e.,increased pathogenic load) in humans is not known, although it was demonstrated that UVB-induced immunosuppression in rats was sufficient to increase the pathogenic load. Epidemiology studies are needed to validate and improve estimates for the potential effects of increased UVB exposure on infectious diseases in humans.
Haloacetonitriles: Metabolism, Genotoxicity, and Tumor-Initiating Activity
Authors: Edith L. C. Lin, F. Bernard Daniel, Sydna L. Herren-Freund, Michael A. Pereira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Haloacetonitriles (HAN) are drinking water contaminants produced during chlorine disinfection. This paper evaluates metabolism, genotoxicity, and tumor-initiating activity of these chemicals. The alkylating potential of the HAN to react with the electrophile-trapping agent, 4-(p-nitrobenzyl)pyridine, followed the order dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) greater than bromochloroacetonitrile (BCAN) greater than chloroacetonitrile (CAN) greater than dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) greater than trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN). When administered orally to rats, the HAN were metabolized to cyanide and excreted in the urine as thiocyanate. The extent of thiocyanate excretion was CAN greater than BCAN greater than DCAN greater than DBAN much greater than TCAN. Haloacetonitriles inhibited in vitro microsomal dimethylnitrosamine demethylase (DMN-DM) activity. The most potent inhibitors were DBAN and BCAN, with Ki = 3-4 X 10(-5) M; the next potent were DCAN and TCAN, with Ki = 2 X 10(-4) M; and the least potent inhibitor was CAN, with Ki = 9 X 10(-2) M. When administered orally, TCAN, but not DBAN, inhibited hepatic DMN-DM activity. The HAN produced DNA strand breaks in cultured human lymphoblastic (CCRF-CEM) cells. TCAN was the most potent DNA strand breaker, and BCAN greater than DBAN greater than DCAN greater than CAN, which was only marginally active. DCAN reacted with polyadenylic acid and DNA to form adducts in a cell-free system; however, the oral administration of DBAN or DCAN to rats did not result in detectable adduct formation in liver DNA. None of the HAN initiated gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) foci when assayed for tumor-initiating activity in rat liver foci bioassay.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Book Notices.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diabetes insipidus and complicated pregnancy
Authors: J. W. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1980)

DIABETES insipidus is a rare disease. Its coexistence with pregnancy has been reported rarely. In only a few previous cases has preeclampsia been added to the clinical picture. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 0, was admitted at 38 weeks' gestation because of impending toxemia. Her last menstrual period had begun on Jan 10, 1977, and her expected delivery date was Oct 17, 1977. She was admitted to the hospital on Oct 3, 1977. She had a history of idiopathic diabetes insipidus since age 12. She had been treated with vasopressin (Pitressin) tannate in oil until the age of 21 when the drug therapy was switched to desmopressin acetate given by nasal spray. Her condition was well controlled with 0.25 mL/day in divided doses. At initial prenatal examination on March 11, 1977, she had appeared to be normal, and uterine size agreed with her period of
FIB-4 first strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease might not be appropriate for ruling-out advanced liver fibrosis with current cut-off values in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ivica Grgurevic, Tomislav Bokun, Sanda Mustapic, Dr. Vladimir Matic, Dario Rahelic, Dr. Tomas Matic, Prof. Srecko Marusic, Dr. Kristian Podrug, Dr. Darko Brnić, Nermin Salkic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Reporting on quality of life in randomised controlled trials: bibliographic study
Journal: BMJ (1998)

study, in which the positive association between childhood energy intake and subsequent risk of cancer was also confined to cancers unrelated to smoking. 2 Most previous studies have either grouped all cancers together or looked only at individual cancers.However, consistent with our results, the physicians health study found a positive association of height with all malignant neoplasms but not with lung cancer. 5 In line with extensive animal experimental evidence, 1 therefore, our data and those from the Boyd Orr study 2 suggest that energy intake during growth may be an important determinant of later risk of developing cancer.Since height serves as only an indirect and comparatively weak proxy measure of dietary intake in childhood, the size of the association found in this study may reflect a much stronger underlying association with directly measured childhood energy intake.