tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Misstated Text
Authors: Joshua Denson, Leora Horwitz, Scott Sherman
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Drs Arora and Farnan, when a care transition is approaching, clinicians often attempt to discharge as many patients as possible to minimize the effect of the service change on a new team of physicians. 2 Therefore, the transition in care might itself generate a patient cohort that is more complex, more ill, and at greater risk.Also, the transition may have produced longer lengths of stay after transition because of disruptions to clinical care and discharge planning.Disentangling the etiology of the observed adverse outcomes is difficult.However, a large single-center study on the association between end-of-rotation transition and mortality similarly demonstrated a greater adjusted hospital mortality risk for end-of-rotation handoff patients, 3 and the design of that investigation excluded immortal time bias as a potential contributor.Other studies evaluating end-of-rotation transition also suggest these patients are at risk for longer lengths of stay and higher costs. 4,5Causality is difficult to prove and we do not attempt to claim such from the results, but it seems apparent that an association exists.We believe that association was further supported by our conservative decision to adjust for both length of stay and a validated comorbidity score.Although we agree that our alternative analysis removed any immortal time bias, it has a number of important limitations of its own.Less than two-thirds of the intervention cohort in this analysis actually underwent end-of-rotation transition, potentially diluting any observable effect.Moreover, this analysis omitted 38% to 47% of patients who truly underwent end-of-rotation transition, potentially omitting those at highest risk of adverse outcomes.In addition, this analysis had only 15% the sample size of the main analysis and may have been underpowered.Therefore, we cannot be confident that these results are more accurate than the main analysis.Sadhu proposes an alternative analysis whereby the control group is constructed around an arbitrary date 2 weeks apart from the transition date.This is an interesting idea but would likely also be subject to limitations of crossover and sample size.In conclusion, we believe Sadhu's comments are an important consideration when evaluating cohort studies, but we disagree with his conclusions.Further studies should avoid immortal time and use designs that can demonstrate causality or investigate effectiveness of a targeted intervention.
Painful Prescriptions
Authors: C. Stratton Hill
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Mary and her husband were looking forward to spending more time together since he had retired. At age 63, however, she developed esophageal cancer. Mary was referred to a cancer center in another city where she was treated with surgery and irradiation. After treatment she continued to have persistent mediastinal pain, which deprived her of sleep and depressed her appetite. Mary lost weight and was always tired and irritable; her daily living activities were a burden. Her family physician prescribed a mild narcotic-containing analgesic that didn't help. On the next visit to the cancer center a strong narcotic was prescribed that provided adequate relief. Mary slept and ate better and enjoyed life again. When her supply of the narcotic was gone she requested a prescription refill from her family physician; he refused. He explained that he didn't have the triplicate forms required by state law to prescribe schedule II narcotics,
The downward trend in cardiovascular mortality: challenge and opportunity for the practitioner
Authors: J. A. Schoenberger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The downward trend in cardiovascular mortality in the United States appears to be real and highly significant. Since most cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary heart disease, appear to be multifactorial, no simple or single cause for this favorable trend can be advanced. As Kannel points out in an article in this issue ofThe Journal(p 877), there are no data about the incidence or severity of the disease, yet it would seem that here, too, there has been a favorable trend. In any event, these trends are important to the practitioner, for they affirm the hypothesis that atherosclerosis is not inevitable, as a result of age or genetic background, but preventable. The challenge to the practitioner, then, is to participate actively in intervention against the factors known to be related to acceleration of the process. These have recently been summarized by the American Heart Association.<sup>1</sup>Although definitive proof that
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. A unique complication of hemodialysis
Authors: J. J. Szwed
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A 66-year-old white man with a previously normal hematological history was studied for hemolysis during the recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis. He demonstrated a persistently worsening anemia in the absence of blood loss and had an increase of his serum-free hemoglobin. A hemolytic process consistent with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) was discovered. Whole blood had been administered during hemodialysis and was thought to have precipitated an exacerbation of hemolysis. Treatment with low doses of ferrous sulfate resulted in an increase in red blood cell mass and an attainment of normal hemoglobin levels within six months.
Abstract O.70: Safey and Efficacy of Warfarin Therapy in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Annette L Baker, Jenna Murray, Jane W Newburger
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Purpose: Giant aneurysms are managed with combined anticoagulation and anti-platelet therapy, heightening risk of bleeding complications. We sought to describe the safety and efficacy of warfarin for Kawasaki disease (KD) patients (pts) with giant coronary artery aneurysms (CAA, ≥8 mm). Methods: We reviewed the % time in therapeutic range (%TTR); % of INR’s in range; bleeding events, categorized as major bleeding, clinically-relevant non-major bleeding, and minor bleeding; clotting events; INRs ≥5; and INRs &lt;1.5. Results: Our anticoagulation service managed 9 KD pts (5 male), median age 13.2 y (range 7-22 y). INR testing was prescribed weekly to monthly and was done by home monitor (n=6) or lab (n=3). Median length of warfarin therapy was 6.5 y (1.6-12.5). Goal INR was 2.0-3.0 (n=6) or 2.5-3.5 (n=3), based on CAA size and history of CAA thrombosis. All pts were treated with aspirin; 1 was on triple therapy with warfarin, aspirin, and clopidogrel. From 6/2011-6/2014, the median %INRs in range was 62% (34-93%), and median %TTR was 68%(53-92%). INRs &gt;6 occurred in 2 pts (2 events); INRs 5 &lt;6 in 5 pts (9 events); and INRs &lt;1.5 in 5 pts (21 events) . During warfarin therapy, 3 major bleeding events occurred in 3 pts: 1 hemorrhage in calf muscle with compartment syndrome requiring surgical clot evacuation (INR 2.5); 1 hemorrhagic ovarian cyst needing hospitalization and Vit K (INR 5.2); and 1 hemopericardium (INR 2.8) 9 days post CABG requiring readmission to the hospital, pericardiocentesis and blood transfusion. There were 2 clinically-relevant non-major bleeding events in 2 pts: 1 hospitalized for bleeding 1 wk after wisdom teeth extraction (INR 6.1) and 1 requiring cauterization for nose bleeds. Minor bleeding events included: a) severe recurrent nosebleeds in 3 pts, causing 4 ER visits (2 pts) and Hgb fall to 7 mg/dL (1 pt, Fe treatment); and b) heavy menses in the 2 post-pubertal females, both treated with oral contraceptives. Four of 9 pts had no bleeding events, and no pt had new CAA thrombosis. Conclusions: Bleeding complications are common in pts on warfarin and aspirin. Despite management by a hospital anticoagulation service, INRs were in range only 2/3 of the time. Studies on oral Factor Xa inhibitors as an alternative to warfarin are needed in this at-risk population.
Parasystole
Authors: ALFRED PICK
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Five instances of parasystolic rhythm are presented in which detailed analysis revealed some particular physiologic aspect pertinent to the understanding of this type of disturbance of rhythm. In four cases the ectopic parasystolic focus was localized in the ventricles and in one in or near to the A-V junction; in two of the former instances the site of the ectopic focus appeared to be the interventricular septum. The mechanism of protection of the parasystolic center, while not identical in every case, might be effected by an area of true block, as exemplified by one instance. Parasystole offers the rare opportunity to determine the refractory phase of the A-V junction or of the ventricular myocardium in the human heart. Occasionally parasystolic rhythm may appear in association with other types of manifest multiple cardiac pacemakers and produce very complex arrhythmias, which can be resolved by application of known physiologic principles.
ERYTHEMA NODOSUM.
Authors: ISAAC A. ABT
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Erythema nodosum is a disease of childhood which is of interest to the dermatologist as well as to the practitioner who treats sick children. The disease was first termed erythema nodosum by the French physician, Eobert Willan. In his text-book on "Diseases of the Skin and Their Treatment," which appeared in the year 1799, the foregoing name is applied to this disease. The older authors, however, paid little heed to the constitutional symptoms which were present; they were more particularly concerned about the lesion of the skin. They believed that this was a variety of the erythema group. Trousseau pointed out that erythema nodosum differed from the general erythema group in its form, location and in its clinical course. Modern dermatologists differ among themselves as to the relation of erythema multiforme and erythema nodosum; for example, Lesser believes that the two are to be distinctly separated. In the same manner
Towards detecting the 'adhesive cocoon' of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) by cine-MRI: a pilot study
Authors: B. Wright, J. Fenner, A. Summers, C. Hutchinson, H. Hurst, M. Wilkie, S. Herrick, P. Brenchley, R. Gillott, P. A. Spencer, T. Augustine, K. D. Bardhan
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the preferred method for long-term management of patients with end-stage renal failure. Over time, peritoneal fibrosis leads to dysfunction and in some to encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS). This is characterised by a diffuse visceral film forming a tightening cocoon, which ultimately ‘strangles’ its contents. The patients present with bowel obstruction leading to eventual small intestinal failure, ischaemia and infarction. Surgery can be curative. There is no reliable method for early detection. Recent novel developments based on an MR image analysis method have permitted detection of adhesions from Crohn9s disease and surgery, which typically are focal or multifocal. EPS, being adhesions forming a ‘cocoon’, is also likely to disrupt movement but with a different pattern. We hypothesised it may be detectable with our system. This pilot is a proof-of-principle investigation. MR video-loop of abdominal examination in health shows remarkably smooth movement. Traditional MRI concentrates on structure; by focusing on movement instead we noticed disruption due to Crohn9s and surgical adhesions. <h3>Methods</h3> The Sheffield Image Registration Toolkit was used to develop software for more rapid review. Images are acquired at different stages in the respiratory cycle; registration links each point in an image to its corresponding point in another. Data are displayed as vectors and contours. In an earlier study standard dynamic non-contrast MR images were obtained from healthy volunteers; the movement pattern could be classified as ‘smooth’ (normal) or ‘disrupted’ (perhaps indicating adhesions). Three patients switched from PD to haemodialysis awaiting surgery with suspected EPS were also investigated. <h3>Results</h3> Surgical findings confirmed EPS. 18 volunteers were studied; representative processed sagittal images from 2 volunteers and 2 patients are shown. There is a striking difference in movement pattern. In health movement is marked in the upper abdomen but still very noticeable in the lower part. In EPS movement is restricted to the upper abdomen. This is shown by the distribution of the red contours which signify maximum movement (and blue the least). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This pilot study suggests dynamic cine-MRI coupled with advanced image analysis of movement can detect disruption due to an EPS cocoon. The method offers an approach in PD patients for early detection of disordered abdominal movement, signifying potential dialysis failure.
<i>The Outlines of Insanity. A Course of Lectures Delivered at the Albany Medical College during January and February, 1891.</i>By Henry Hun, M. D., Professor of Diseases of the Chest and Nervous System. Reprinted from the<i>Albany Medical Annals,</i>July-October, 1891
Authors: J. M. M.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1892)
Erratum
Journal: BMJ (1897)

GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.In the dog, cat, rabbit, cavy, rat, and mouse, electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex over definite regions produces regularly certain movements.These animals are, however, not on the same physiological plane with regard to this subject.The dog and the cat are more closely related, and fall into a physiological group by themselves.The rabbit, the cavy, the rat, and the mouse constitute another
Overview: Viral Agents and Cancer
Authors: Nancy Mueller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Substantial evidence indicates that several common viruses are clearly or probable causal factors in the etiology of specific malignancies.These viruses either normally establish latency or can become persistent infections.Oncogenesis is probably linked to an enhanced level of viral activation in the infected host, reflecting heavy viral dose or compromised immune control.The major virus-malignancy systems include hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatocellular carcinoma; human lymphotropic virus-type 1 (HTLV-1) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL); Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin's disease; and human papilloma virus (HPV) and cervical cancer.Of these, a vaccine is available only for HBV.These malignancies tend to occur in early to mid-life and account for a substantial amount of morbidity and person-years lost.They are also likely to occur as "opportunistic malignancies" among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1, particularly among those who experience prolonged survival.-
Instructions for Authors
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: Therapeutic efficacy and safety of a human fusion construct targeting the TWEAK receptor Fn14 and containing a modified granzyme B
Authors: Hari Menon, Dawei Chen, Vivek Verma, Mehmet Altan, John V Heymach, Quynh-Nhu Nguyen, Rejani Varghese, Nathan I Comeaux, George Simon, Ferdinandos Skoulidis, Joe Y Chang, Vasiliki Papdimitrakopoulou, Steven H Lin
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2020)
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder after Solid Organ Transplant in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mobeen Zaka Haider, Zarlakhta Zamani, Muhammad Taqi, Hafsa Shahid, Zahoor Ahmed, Hasan Mahmood Mirza, Aneeza Irfan, Khadija Noor Sami, Deepak Kumar, Fnu Kiran, Mydah Sajid Hashmi, Faiz Anwer
Journal: Blood (2020)
Managing systemic mycoses in the compromised host
Authors: S. D. Codish
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE therapy is now being used more frequently as a result of its proved value in several areas of medicine. Infection secondary to impaired resistance is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients treated with these agents.<sup>1-5</sup>Fatal infections following immunosuppression are most often seen in patients with advanced malignant disease or after transplantation, and the incidence of infection is greater in patients receiving steroids, antilymphocyte serum, and combination antineoplastic chemotherapy.<sup>2,4,5</sup> <h3>Candida</h3> <i>Candida</i>is the most frequently encountered fungus in cancer and transplant patients.<sup>2,6,7</sup>Antibacterial agents have a special role in candidiasis since they increase colonization of the skin and mucous membranes with<i>Candida</i>species, particularly<i>C albicans</i>.<sup>8</sup>Localizing symptoms of candidiasis are usually confined to the distal esophagus or bladder but sometimes result from endophthalmitis, meningitis, arthritis, perforation of an abdominal viscus, or emboli from endocarditis.<sup>8,9</sup>Roentgenographic evidence of<i>Candida</i>pneumonitis typically
An Unusual Cause of Leg Pain
Authors: Noreen P. Kelly, Anand Vaidya, Marie Gerhard-Herman, Akshay S. Desai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

A 67-year-old woman presented to her primary care physician with pain in her legs. Approximately 7 weeks earlier, she had noticed a cramping sensation in the back of both thighs and both calves that occurred after walking a couple of blocks and was relieved with rest. . . .
Drugs for Some Common Eye Disorders
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bovine Somatotropin
Authors: Samuel S. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Special Communication by Monsanto consultants Daughaday and Barbano<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying editorial<sup>2</sup>are misleading and scientifically flawed for reasons that include the following: The claim that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) "ensures that all new products used by dairy farmers are safe"1 is controverted by extensive congressional investigations, which concluded that regulation of animal drugs is in disarray and characterized by denial and cover-ups.3 Monsanto and the FDA are now under investigation by the US Inspector General for suppression and manipulation of "animal health test data—in efforts to approve commercial use" of rbST.4 The use of rbST is referred to as "supplementation,"1 ignoring the FDA admission that rbST is up to "3% different in molecular structure" from endogenous bST, containing up to nine additional amino acids. Substitution of a single amino acid can profoundly alter a protein molecule's biological activity.<sup>4</sup> The claim that cows are not
Postwar Prosperity, Cardiovascular Disease, And Reconditioning Centers
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The increase in cardiac deaths that has accompanied postwar prosperity in West Germany has prompted the establishment of "reconditioning centers" with the purpose of preventing cardiovascular disease. There are now 20 such centers in West Germany, financed by industry and insurance. Located in the mountains, on lakes and at the seashore, the centers annually accommodate more than 20,000 executives and other employes who are not overtly ill, but complain of fatigue, tenseness or vague cardiovascular, respiratory or similar symptoms. A Vermont cardiologist, Dr. Raab of the University of Vermont in Burlington, was among a group of Americans who visited the centers recently at the invitation of West German government. Here is his description of their operation: "Activities in the centers consist of medically, carefully supervised systematically graded physical training programs, such as hiking, mountain climbing, outdoor calisthenics, games, sports and breathing exercises, alternating with periods of complete relaxation. "In some
Radioisotope Scanning Of Lungs Is Efficient Way To Diagnose Pulmonary Disease
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Orally administered zomepirac and parenterally administered morphine. Comparison for the treatment of postoperative pain
Authors: W. H. Forrest
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A double-blind study comparing the analgesic efficacy of orally administered zomepirac sodium with intramuscularly (IM) administered morphine sulfate was conducted in 109 patients with acute postoperative pain. Single treatments were administered within 48 hours of surgery, and subjective responses were obtained from patients by specially employed trained nurses. Pain relief achieved with both doses of orally administered zomepirac sodium at 100 mg and 200 mg was similar, and analgesia with each dose of zomepirac was significantly better than that obtained with IM administered morphine sulfate at 8 mg. There were no unusual side effects with either drug. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2298-2302, 1980)