tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple myeloma
Authors: Sonja Zweegman
Journal: HemaSphere (2019)

Learning goals To gain insights in how the (immune-)microenvironment drives evolving of the disease from MGUS to MM and how this knowledge might give rise to future therapeutic targeting To know the methods to detect MRD and the prognostic impact of MRD To know the most commonly used treatment regimens in front line therapy of multiple myeloma and to understand the different factors that guide treatment decisions. Introduction Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy evolving from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM). The rate of transformation from MGUS to MM is constant over time; 1% per year. In contrast, the change of developing MM in SMM is decreasing over time from 10% per year in the first 5 years of diagnosis to 1% per year 10 years thereafter. This indicates a pronounced inter-patient heterogeneity. In clinical practice, mainly the tumor burden, defined as percentage of plasma cells, M-protein level and repression of normal immunoglobulins is used to predict the progression to MM. The biological background for the heterogeneity in developing tumor burden however is less well defined, indicating a role for genetic abnormalities, but not fully explaining it. Dr Irene Ghobrial will discuss the role of the microenvironment in inducing progression of plasma cell dyscrasia, with a special emphasis on the immune-microenvironment. Comparable inter-patient heterogeneity applies to the prognosis and treatment outcome in MM. Comparable to precursor states the microenvironment plays a role alongside biological features of the disease of which genetic abnormalities are best characterized, being commented on by Dr Irene Ghobrial and Dr Michele Cavo. However, regardless of the biological risk, reaching minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity has been found to be a strong predictor of survival, which appeared to be also independent from disease state and type of treatment that led to MRD negativity. The methodology to detect residual cells with high sensitivity (both in bone marrow and bone), the impact of MRD status on outcome and how to implement this assay in clinical practice will be discussed by Dr Roger Owen. Furthermore, Dr Owen will show the clinical trials with MRD as an outcome parameter. Finally, Dr Michele Cavo will give an overview on the current state of the art of front line treatment of MM. Moreover, it will be discussed how to implement biological parameters of the disease in the choice of treatment.
Effects of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase inhibition on splanchnic hemodynamics in portal hypertension
Authors: Y Wu
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Portal hypertension is associated with splanchnic hyperemia and increased plasma levels of prostacyclin. Recently, nitric oxide was proposed as a mediator of this arterial vasodilatation. We hypothesized that portal hypertension alters the relative contribution of prostacyclin and nitric oxide to splanchnic vasomotor control. We studied the relationship of nitric oxide and prostaglandins in normal and portal-hypertensive (3 wk after partial portal vein ligation) male rabbits at baseline and following increasing doses of indomethacin, LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester or both. L-arginine was used as the control. Aortic, central and portal venous pressures were measured directly. Blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery was measured by means of an ultrasonic flow probe, and resistance was calculated. LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester produced vasoconstriction (increased resistance and decreased blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery) in normal and portal-hypertensive rabbits, although in portal hypertensive animals resistance and superior mesenteric artery blood flow remained significantly different than that in normal rabbits because of preexisting hyperemia. L-arginine reversed the effect of LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester. Cyclooxygenase blockade induced dose-dependent vasoconstriction in normal and portal-hypertensive animals. Indomethacin induced further vasoconstriction after LG-nitro-L-arginine methylester and reduced portal venous pressure in portal-hypertensive animals. We conclude that this indicates an amplified role for some prostaglandin, probably prostacyclin, in portal hypertension hemodynamics. It also implies that the two vasodilators act by way of independent mechanisms. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1416–1421.)
Cryptococcal sacroiliitis.
Authors: C Brand, R Warren, M Luxton, D Barraclough
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Disseminated cryptococcal disease is known to occur in patients with altered immune status. We have reported an unusual case of cryptococcal disease manifested solely by sacroiliitis, which occurred in a patient on chronic steroid therapy for autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. This case stresses the importance of considering unusual organisms as a cause of sepsis in patients with altered immune status.
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Health risk behaviors among adolescents who do and do not attend school--United States, 1992
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Efficacy of Triplet Antiemetic Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Highly Emetogenic Chemotherapy: Palonosetron (PALO), Aprepitant (APR), and Dexamethasone (DEX)
Authors: H. Yoshizawa, K. Sato, M. Makino, O. Kobayashi, H. Tanaka, S. Miura, S. Watanabe, J. Tanaka, H. Kagamu, N. Ichiei
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Sabbatical
Authors: James B. Reuler
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<i>SABBATICAL</i>is derived from the Hebrew word<i>sabat</i>, meaning rest, and is defined as "a plan for providing... an opportunity for self-improvement through a leave of absence with full or partial compensation, following a designated number of years of consecutive service." Sabbatical leave is a tradition in academia dating to the 1880's.<sup>1</sup>Providing a variety of dividends to educator and institution, a sabbatical offers the opportunities to be among colleagues in other educational environments, to concentrate on an area of interest without distraction, to learn new educational and clinical techniques, and to achieve intellectual and professional renewal.<sup>2-4</sup> Given the many positive aspects of a sabbatical, it is surprising how few faculty take advantage of this opportunity. A recent survey<sup>5</sup>of 19 medical schools revealed that the proportions of their faculty that took sabbaticals within one year of eligibility ranged from 2% to 16%. Of those eligible faculty who
Acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy following Hymenoptera stings
Authors: D. S. Bachman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Five patients had a neurological syndrome develop beginning three to ten days after Hymenoptera insect stings. Three had typical acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy (Guillain-Barré syndrome). A fourth was similar, except that seizures developed, and the fifth patient showed only cranial nerve involvement and hyporeflexia. The timing of these neurological manifestations following insect stings suggests the possibility of a direct or indirect cause-and-effect relationship. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:1443-1445)
Influence of Controllable Lifestyle on Recent Trends in Specialty Choice by US Medical Students—Correction
Authors: Ming-Liang He, Bojian Zheng, Ying Peng, Joseph Peiris, Leo Poon, Kwok Yuen, Marie Lin, Hsiang-Fu Kung, Yi Guan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

In the second experiment, we transfected FRhk-4 cells with a combination of 2 or 3 SARSis (SARSi-2/3, SARSi-2/4, SARSi-3/4, SARSi-1/2/4, and SARSi-2/3/4), using GL2i as a control.In each combination, an equal amount of individual siRNA was used while the final concentration of total siRNAs remained the same (10 nM).In the third experiment, we tested the inhibitory effect of SARSi-2/3/4 on the infection and replication of 3 other SARS-CoV strains isolated from SARS patients in Hong Kong and Guan Zhou (GZ34, HKR1, and HKR2 strains).Results.Compared with uninfected cells, cells infected with SARS-CoV exhibited a marked morphologic change with cytopathic effects (FIGURE).The uninfected cells were flattened, whereas the SARS-CoV infected cells became refractile and rounded.Judged by morphologic changes, SARSi-2, SARSi-3, and SARSi-4 markedly inhibited the cytopathic effects caused by viral infection and replication, whereas SARSi-1, SARSi-5, and SARSi-6 were less effective.The results were further confirmed by immunostaining with antibody against SARS-CoV antigens.There was a consistent and marked 92.5%, 89.6%, and 85.8% reduction in the viral genomic RNA copies (as determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) in cells transfected by SARSi-4, SARSi-2, and SARSi-3, respectively.The reduction was much less marked in cells transfected by the other 3 siRNAs (only 50%-65%).In the second experiment, the combinations of SARSi-2, SARSi-3, and SARSi-4 also inhibited the infection and replication of different strains of SARS-CoV.No obvious synergistic effects were observed, however, from any of these combinations.In the third experiment, we found that the efficacy of SARSi-2, SARSi-3, or SARSi-4 in inhibiting the infection and replication of the 3 other SARS-CoV strains were similar to that of the GZ50 strain.Transfection with SARSi alone or GL2i did not show any change in cell morphology or viral genomic RNA copies (data not shown).
Effects of gene delivery on collateral development in chronic hypoperfusionDiverse effects of angiopoietin-1 versus vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Y ZHOU, E STABILE, J WALKER, M SHOU, R BAFFOUR, Z YU, D ROTT, G YANCOPOULOS, J RUDGE, S EPSTEIN
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
INFLUENCE OF TV CRIME PROGRAMS ON CHILDREN'S HEALTH
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of BAFF/BLyS overexpression and altered B cell differentiation with Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Joanna Groom, Susan L. Kalled, Anne H. Cutler, Carl Olson, Stephen A. Woodcock, Pascal Schneider, Jurg Tschopp, Teresa G. Cachero, Marcel Batten, Julie Wheway, Davide Mauri, Dana Cavill, Tom P. Gordon, Charles R. Mackay, Fabienne Mackay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

BAFF (BLyS, TALL-1, THANK, zTNF4) is a member of the TNF superfamily that specifically regulates B lymphocyte proliferation and survival. Mice transgenic (Tg) for BAFF develop an autoimmune condition similar to systemic lupus erythematosus. We now demonstrate that BAFF Tg mice, as they age, develop a secondary pathology reminiscent of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), which is manifested by severe sialadenitis, decreased saliva production, and destruction of submaxillary glands. In humans, SS also correlates with elevated levels of circulating BAFF, as well as a dramatic upregulation of BAFF expression in inflamed salivary glands. A likely explanation for disease in BAFF Tg mice is excessive survival signals to autoreactive B cells, possibly as they pass through a critical tolerance checkpoint while maturing in the spleen. The marginal zone (MZ) B cell compartment, one of the enlarged B cell subsets in the spleen of BAFF Tg mice, is a potential reservoir of autoreactive B cells. Interestingly, B cells with an MZ-like phenotype infiltrate the salivary glands of BAFF Tg mice, suggesting that cells of this compartment potentially participate in tissue damage in SS and possibly other autoimmune diseases. We conclude that altered B cell differentiation and tolerance induced by excess BAFF may be central to SS pathogenesis.
PRAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>Antituberculosis Congress</h3> The first Czechoslovak scientific congress against tuberculosis was held in Prague, May 19 to 21. The purposes of the congress were: to discuss scientific problems in tuberculosis with special reference to conditions prevailing in the Czechoslovak Republic; to disseminate knowledge of new methods in the fight against tuberculosis; to stimulate cooperative research in tuberculosis, and to foster friendly relations among the tuberculosis workers of the country. Dr. Ladislav Syllaba, professor of internal medicine at the Czech university in Prague, presided, and Dr. O. Horak served as general secretary. The congress was divided into three sections. The first section was devoted to clinical problems, the second to social questions and the third to veterinary problems. The sessions were arranged so that there were three general sessions in which the main papers were read by the most prominent representatives of the three sections. After the general sessions, separate meetings were
THE BLOOD AT HIGH ALTITUDES
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2913: Serpinb3a-/- mice are radioresistant
Authors: Stephanie Thermozier, Michael Epperly, Darcy Franicola, Xichen Zhang, Renee Fisher, Donna Shields, Hong Wang, John Willis, Cliff Luke, Gary Silverman, Joel Greenberger
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Serpins are a superfamily of serine protease inhibitors that regulate proteolytic pathways by utilizing a conformational change to bind to and inhibit their target peptidases. Currently 36 human serpins have been identified, but the biological roles of most are not fully understood (Silverman et al., J Biol Chem. 285(32):24299-305, 2010). Serpinb3a (the mouse orthologue of human SERPINB3 and -B4) is an intracellular serpin and inhibits both serine and cysteine peptidases invitro. We now report radioresistance of Serpinb3a-/- mice and their hematopoietic progenitor cells. Serpinb3a-/- and control Balb/c mice were irradiated to a dose of 8.0 Gy total body irradiation and followed for the development of the hematopoietic syndrome. Long Term Bone Marrow Cultures (LTBMCs) were established from the bone marrow flushed from the femurs and tibias of Serpinb3a-/- and Balb/c mice. Irradiation survival curves were performed on bone marrow stromal cell lines established from the LTBMCs and on fresh bone marrow isolated from the femurs of sacrificed Serpinb3a-/- and Balb/c mice. Colony forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies of 50 cells or greater were counted. The data from 3 experiments were analyzed using linear quadratic and single-hit, multi-target models. Serpinb3a-/- mice showed increased survival following 8.0 Gy TBI compared to Balb/c mice (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). CFU-GM from Serpinb3a-/- were radioresistant compared to Balb/c marrow (ň = 4.9 ± 1.4 and 1.4 ± 0.1, p = 0.0451, respectively). Serpinb3a-/- bone marrow stromal cells were radioresistant with an increased Do (1.97 + 0.11 Gy) compared to bone marrow stromal cells from Balb/c mice (Do = 1.45 + 0.03 Gy, p = 0.0113). Loss of Serpinb3a provides a radiation survival advantage, increases radioresistance of both hematopoietic progenitor cells and marrow stromal cells, and may lead to identification of new targets for design of radiation mitigator drugs. This research was supported by grant NIAID/NIH U19-A168021. Citation Format: Stephanie Thermozier, Michael Epperly, Darcy Franicola, Xichen Zhang, Renee Fisher, Donna Shields, Hong Wang, John Willis, Cliff Luke, Gary Silverman, Joel Greenberger. Serpinb3a-/- mice are radioresistant [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2913.
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein testing and Down's syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized phase III study of erlotinib versus observation in patients with no evidence of disease progression after first-line platin-based chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma: A GCIG and EORTC-GCG study.
Authors: Ignace B. Vergote, Florence Joly, Dionyssios Katsaros, Corneel Coens, Alexander Reinthaller, Marcia Hall, Christopher B. Steer, Nicoletta Colombo, Anne Lesoin, Antonio Casado, Edgar Petru, John Green, Martin Buck, Isabelle Laure Ray-Coquard, Annamaria Ferrero, Laure Favier, Nicholas Reed, Herve Curve, Antonio Jimeno, Eric Pujade-Lauraine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

LBA5000 Background: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been found to be overexpressed in 55-98% of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. This trial evaluated the efficacy of maintenance erlotinib, an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, after first-line chemotherapy. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) had high-risk FIGO stage I or stage II-IV epithelial ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer and were not selected for EGFR expression. All patients underwent first line therapy (6-9 cycles of 3-weekly platinum-based chemotherapy (CT)) and showed no signs of progression at the end of CT. Patients were randomised to maintenance erlotinib 150 mg daily for 2 years or observation. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) by RECIST in combination with GCIG CA125 criteria. The final design provided 80% power to detect a PFS hazard ratio (HR) of 0.80 with 2-sided log-rank test at 5% after 632 events in 830 patients. Stratifications factors were stage, institution, age, response to and type of first-line CT. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and FISH for EGFR, and EGFR mutation analyses were performed in 330 patients. The study was registered as NCT00263822 and EudraCT number 2004-004333-34. Results: Between Oct 2005 and Feb 2008, 835 pts were randomised by 125 institutions from 10 countries. The most important baseline characteristics, PFS and OS are summarized in the table. Median follow-up was 51 months. 25% of the patients stopped erlotinib due to side effects (of these 67% due to rash). The predictive value of IHC and FISH for EGFR, and EGFR mutations are being evaluated and will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: In the overall study populationmaintenance erlotinib after first-line treatment in ovarian cancer did not improve progression-free or overall survival. [Table: see text]
Call for papers on medical education
Authors: C. Breedlove
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Every year since 1901,The JOURNALhas devoted an issue to medical education in the United States. The history recorded in these education issues presents the expanded scope and increased complexity of the data collected by the American Medical Association (AMA) in undergraduate, graduate, and continuing medical education and reflects the AMA's more than 100-year commitment to medical education and more than 50 years of support for education in allied health professions. The first education issue<sup>1</sup>encompassed in six pages the AMA's database on each of the 156 US medical schools; the bulk of the issue contained articles on such perennial concerns as the aims of medical education, how best to integrate didactic instruction with laboratory and clinical teaching, the risk of a physician surplus, and an inquiry into who the medical students should be and what motivates them to become physicians. Later issues have revisited these topics, but
Aramchol improves glucose and lipid homeostasis in NASH via regulation of AMPK and mTOR
Authors: David Fernández Ramos, Fernando Lopitz Otsoa, Laura delaCruz-Villar, Maider Bizkarguenaga, Jon Bilbao, Mikel Azkargorta, Marta Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta, Darya Tsvirkun, Sebastiaan Martjin Van Liempd, Cristina Alonso, Felix Elortza, Liat Hayardeny, José M. Mato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)