tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of lymphomas and other cancers in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients with hemophilia
Authors: C. S. Rabkin
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the types and rates of cancers occurring in excess in the presence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort analytic study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected subjects followed for up to 12 years. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Fifteen hemophilia treatment centers. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 1701 patients with hemophilia, of whom 1065 (63%) were HIV-1 seropositive. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Morphologic classification and incidence rates of cancers. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —The incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after HIV seroconversion averaged 0.15 case per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08 to 0.25) and rose exponentially with increasing duration of HIV infection. Although the greatest absolute risk of lymphoma was in the oldest age group, the relative increase compared with general population rates was 38-fold in subjects 10 to 39 years old and 12-fold in older subjects (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). The CD4<sup>+</sup>T-lymphocyte levels for lymphoma cases were similar to HIV-positive subjects without the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who had been infected for the same length of time. The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma was increased 200-fold (95% CI, 20 to 700). The incidence of cancers other than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma were not increased in the HIV-positive subjects (ratio of observed to expected cases, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.4 to 1.9]). The HIV-negative subjects had no significant increase in cancer incidence. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —HIV infection has restricted effects on cancer incidence that are only partly explained by immunosuppression. Paradoxically, improvements in therapy of HIV infection that prolong survival may lead to further increases in HIVassociated lymphoma. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1090-1094)
Propoxyphene hydrochloride. A critical review
Authors: R. R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A review of the published literature on propoxyphene hydrochloride was undertaken to determine if the wide popularity of the drug is justified. Only double-blind studies were reviewed; 20 were identified in a bibliography of 243 articles. In the course of the review, deficiencies in the design, conduct, and reporting of the clinical studies were noted. The addiction liability of propoxyphene is low but several reports have demonstrated its abuse potential. The reviewed studies show that propoxyphene is not superior to codeine or aspirin in terms of analgesic effect. No definite statement as to relative incidence of side effects can be made. It appears that factors other than intrinsic therapeutic value are responsible for the commercial success of propoxyphene.
Ziv-aflibercept in combination with FOLFIRI for 2nd-line treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: Interim safety data from the global aflibercept safety and quality-of-life program (ASQoP/AFEQT) in patients age 65 and older.
Authors: Roberto Bordonaro, Luca Frassineti, Libero Ciuffreda, Giuseppe Aprile, Anne L. Thomas, Raghu Vishwanath, Chiara Zilocchi, Emmanuelle Dochy, Julien Taïeb, Alberto F. Sobrero
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e14693 Background: The prespecified analysis of patients (pts) ≥ 65 y in the VELOUR study demonstrated a safety profile similar to that of ziv-aflibercept (Z) (known as aflibercept outside the United States) plus FOLFIRI in the overall VELOUR population. The global ASQoP/AFEQT Program comprises 2 clinical studies (ASQoP [NCT01571284]; AFEQT [NCT01670721]) designed to capture QoL and safety data from a population similar to VELOUR but treated in a real-life setting. We report safety data from the fourth interim analysis of pts age ≥65. Methods: ASQoP/AFEQT are single-arm, open-label trials evaluating Z in metastatic colorectal cancer pts previously treated with an oxaliplatin-containing regimen. Eligible pts received Z (4 mg/kg) q2w on day 1 of each cycle followed by FOLFIRI until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, death, or investigator/pt decision. Initial starting doses of FOLFIRI and dose modifications are at treating physician’s discretion. The % of pts age ≥ 65 with grade (G) 3 or 4 AEs in the combined safety population of ASQoP/AFEQT are compared with the prespecified analysis in pts age ≥ 65 from the Z + FOLFIRI arm of VELOUR. Results: At data cutoff, the overall safety population comprised 688 pts with ≥ 1 completed treatment cycle; 303 (44.1%) were age ≥65. In the overall safety population ≥ 1 G3/4 AE was reported in 72.2% of pts vs 83.5% in VELOUR. Most G3/4 AEs were G3. There were no reports of G4 hypertension, diarrhea, or fatigue. Median number of cycles was 6 in ASQoP/AFEQT and 9 in the Z + FOLFIRI arm of VELOUR. Table shows summary of AEs in pts age ≥65. Conclusions: Thisinterim analysis from ASQoP/AFEQT in pts age ≥ 65 has identified no new safety signals and provides additional safety data suggesting an acceptable toxicity profile in this real-life setting. Clinical trial information: NCT01571284.AEs in pts age ≥ 65 treated with Z + FOLFIRI. % pts ASQoP/AFEQT (n=303) VELOUR (n=205) G3 G4 G3 G4 Any TEAE 58.7 18.8 60.5 28.8 Proteinuriaa (PT) 2.6 0 3.9 0 Stomatitis (PT) 12.2 0.3 12.7 0 Diarrhea (PT) 16.2 0 23.9 0.5 Infections (SOC) 8.3 1.0 14.1 2 Hypertension (PT) 23.8 0 19.5 0 PT, preferred term; SOC, system organ class; aBased only on AEs.
New England Journal of Medicine, Boston
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
荷兰红斑痤疮治疗指南
Authors: E.J. Zuuren, M.M.D. Linden, B.W.M. Arents
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2020)

这封研究信函的作者根据最近发表的关于治疗红斑痤疮的所有证据的综述,制定了荷兰红斑痤疮患者的治疗指南。荷兰皮肤病和性病学协会资助了该项目,并提供了两名支持该工作组 (WG) 的工作人员。该 WG 由四名皮肤科医生、一名全科医生、一名眼科医生、一名整形外科医生、两名皮肤治疗师和一名患者组成。该项目流程使用了最严格的方法标准。 该指南涵盖了 10 个健康问题,考虑到了有效性和安全性,评估了一系列自我护理措施和治疗选择。针对这些健康问题的建议是通过将证据与患者的价值和偏好、费用和可获得性相结合而提出的。建议为强建议(“建议”)或弱建议(“考虑”),并针对各种治疗方法提供了支持或反对意见。作者在一种算法中列出了相关的治疗方法(图 1)。没有提到局部使用羟甲唑啉治疗持续性红肿(在荷兰无法获得该药物),也未提到那些建议不要使用的治疗方法。 考虑到红斑痤疮对生活质量有负面影响,指南中专门用了整整一章来说明这一点。在这一章中,作者建议医生关注生活质量、治疗满意度、社交和职业功能性以及心理健康,以便优化治疗。此外,也提供了有关红斑痤疮、红斑痤疮的治疗和自我护理的全面患者告知宣传单。 图 1. 红斑痤疮治疗算法。考虑 = 弱建议,建议 = 强建议,b.i.d.= 每天两次,q.d = 每天一次。红斑 = 发红。丘疹 = 小突起。脓疱 = 充满脓液的小点。肿块 = 鼻增厚。毛细血管扩张 = 小血管清晰可见。 本摘要涉及研究: 荷兰红斑痤疮治疗指南
Anionic polypeptide fraction in bile of patients with and without gallstones
Authors: N Domingo
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

With the demonstration of pronucleating and antinucleating proteins, the role of biliary proteins became of considerable research interest. Anionic polypeptide fraction is the third most abundant biliary protein; it is found in association with biliary lipids, has antinucleating properties for calcium and is found in gallstones. Its levels in various human biles have not been studied as of this writing. In this investigation the concentration of anionic polypeptide fraction in gallbladder bile was measured in 16 subjects without gallstones, 19 subjects with cholesterol stones and 15 subjects with pigment stones in Tel Aviv. Anionic polypeptide fraction concentrations in bile (mean ± S.D.) were 0.76 ± 0.09 gm/L in controls and 0.81 ± 0.25 gm/L (which was not significant) in patients with cholesterol gallstones. They were significantly higher 1.03 ± 0.23 (p < 0.05) in patients with pigment gallstones. The anionic polypeptide fraction/phospholipid ratio and the anionic polypeptide fraction/total lipid ratio were significantly higher in patients with pigment gallstones (p < 0.005 and 0.05, respectively). The anionic polypeptide fraction lipid ratios were insignificantly elevated in biles of patients with cholesterol stones compared with the ratios in biles of controls. Only the anionic polypeptide fraction/phospholipid ratio was significantly higher in biles of patients with pigment stones compared with those with cholesterol gallstones. The values were similar although higher in a small group of gallstone patients from Marseilles. The role of anionic polypeptide fraction in the pathogenesis of gallstones, particularly pigment gallstones, requires further study. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;17:778–780.)
Preventive effect of rikkunshito, traditional Japanese medicine, for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
Authors: Shinya Kajiura, Ayumu Hosokawa, Sohachi Nanjyo, Hiroki Yoshita, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Hidemoto Yamawaki, Yuko Ueda, Akira Ueda, Hiroshi Mihara, Yuushi Hasumoto, Takayuki Ando, Haruka Fujinami, Jun Nishikawa, Kohei Ogawa, Toshiro Sugiyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

131 Background: Supportive therapies are being developed for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Rikkunshito is a Kanpo medicine, which is a part of traditionally practiced Japanese-based ancient Chinese medicine. It has been reported to be effective against cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats. In the present study, we evaluated the preventive effect of Rikkunshito for CINV in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin. Methods: We selected subjects who received chemotherapy including cisplatin (≥60mg/m 2 ) for gastric or esophageal cancer between April 2010 and August 2012 at our institution. We targeted 20 cases treated without a reduction in the anti-cancer medication in the second course and added 7.5g/day of Rikkunshito, orally administered for seven days, to their second course treatment regimen. All cases were treated with 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist and steroid, and palonosetron for the prevention of CINV in their first and second courses. We evaluated the complete response (CR, defined as no emesis and no rescue medication) rate and other toxicity, according to CTCAE v4.0, of the first and second courses. Results: The median age of the patients was 63 years (range, 49–77 years). The chemotherapy regimens were cisplatin + 5-FU in 15 cases with esophageal cancer, cisplatin + S-1 in five cases with gastric cancer. Anorexia in the first course was grade 0/1/2 = 5/11/4, but had been mitigated in the second course to grade 0/1/2 = 12/6/2 (P = 0.042). CR rate was 75.0% in the first course (95% CI, 56.0%–94.0%) and by the second course had improved to 95.0% (95% CI, 85.4%–100%). And about the other major toxicity, there was no significant difference between first and second courses. Conclusions: These results suggest that Rikkunshito has the potential to improve CINV in patients receiving high-dose cisplatin.
Development of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis at different times
Authors: F.B. Spencker, L. Staber, T. Lietz, R. Schille and, A.C. Rodloff
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2003)

Tables 1 and 5 in the above article have been published incorrectly. The correct tables are below. We apologise for any inconvenience caused.Table 1MICs (mg/L) of the P. aeruginosa clones with 38 different PFGE-patterns (=38 isolates) and geometric mean values (GM) at the beginning of the observation.0.0310.0630.1250.250.5124>48>81632>3264>64500>500GM (standard deviation) (mg/L)GEN213885112.7732(0.59; L3.03)AMK151396226.6659 (0.93; 17,46)TOB142162310.6942 (0.28; 1.75)CIP1491551210.2355 (0.09; 0.64)LEV1381282310.5781 (0.2; 1.67)MOX12578961.7281 (0.52; 5.78)TROVA32114123120.2731 (0.08; 0.91)IPM471311211.0565 (0.47; 2.38)MEM13631330.2152 (0.07; 0.67)CAZ711142311.667 (0.6; 4.66)CPM2101922211.9997 (0.76; 5.26)PIP8338931123.7062 (0.8; 17.18)Light grey, sensitive; middle grey, intermediate; dark grey, resistant.GEN, Gentamicin; AMK, Amikacin; TOB, Tobramycin; CIP, Ciprofloxacin; LEV, Levofloxacin; MOX, Moxifloxacin; TROVA, Trovafloxacin; IPM, Imipenem; MEM, Meropenem; CAZ, Ceftazidim; CPM. Cefepim; PIP, Piperacillin; GM, geometric mean value. Open table in a new tab Table 5Portion (%) of resistant, intermediate and sensitive P. aeruginosa clones with 22 different PFGE-patterns, number of isolates in brackets, in dependence of the amount of inhaled gentamicin (g)GENAMKTOBAmount of inhaled gentamicin (g)sensitiveintermediateresistantsensitiveintermediateresistantsensitiveintermediateresistant5g (n = 22)41%59%0%59%41%0%100%0%0%10g (n = 10)10%70%20%10%80%10%80%20%0%15g (n = 13)0%84.6%15.4%7.7%76.9%15.4%84.6%7.7%7.7%20g (n = 16)25%43.8%31.3%25%56.3%18.8%68.8%18.8%12.5%25g (n = 18)22.2%50%27.8%33.3%38.9%27.8%66.7%22.2%11.1%>30g (n = 26)19.2%42.3%38.5%19.250%30.8%57.7%42.3%0%GEN, Gentamicin; AMK, Amikacin; TOB, Tobramycin. Open table in a new tab Light grey, sensitive; middle grey, intermediate; dark grey, resistant. GEN, Gentamicin; AMK, Amikacin; TOB, Tobramycin; CIP, Ciprofloxacin; LEV, Levofloxacin; MOX, Moxifloxacin; TROVA, Trovafloxacin; IPM, Imipenem; MEM, Meropenem; CAZ, Ceftazidim; CPM. Cefepim; PIP, Piperacillin; GM, geometric mean value. GEN, Gentamicin; AMK, Amikacin; TOB, Tobramycin.
Renewed Attention Needed to Combat Potentially Fatal Listeriosis Cases
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SMILE A WHILE
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Precautions when lightning strikes during the monsoon: the effect of ozone on condoms
Authors: R. F. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We believe that the choice of laboratory test, or test regimen, must be made by the physician. The purpose of ordering—or, preferably, requesting—a laboratory test is to confirm or exclude clinical impressions with sufficient certainty to ensure that clinical management does more good than harm. This is the essence of laboratory medicine and in our view is best achieved by consultation between clinical pathologist and practicing physician. In recent years we have come to appreciate the concepts of diagnostic value and clinical usefulness as they apply to laboratory testing.<sup>1</sup>Nevertheless, it is important to realize that test strategy may be rendered meaningless if requests are improperly transmitted, blood samples are improperly obtained, analyses are inaccurate or imprecise, or results are reported incorrectly. To ensure the quality of the foregoing requires well-trained and dedicated medical technologists. We agree with Dr Meyer that in the interest of improving laboratory
P450BM-3 And Other Inducible Bacterial P450 Cytochromes: Biochemistry And Regulation
Authors: A. Fulco
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1991)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Hands
Authors: Margaret Campbell
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IB. Medical Schools in Canada
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SULPHOCARBOLATES.
Authors: WILLIAM F. WAUGH
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The earliest mention I have been able to find of the sulphocarbolates as remedial agents is by Sansom, in the<i>Practitioner</i>, iii, 5-13, 1869. Papers by him upon these salts also appear in the<i>British Medical Journal</i>in 1870, and in the Transactions of the Obstetrical Society of London, 1870-71. Sansom claimed that the sulphocarbolates were beneficial in phthisis, typhoid fever and the eruptive fevers, especially scarlatina, for which he considered them specific. Subsequently papers upon these salts have been contributed by Q. C. Smith (<i>Nashville Journal of Med. and Sur.</i>, 1878); D. Cerna (<i>Philadelphia Med. Times</i>, 1879-80); Withers (<i>Dublin Jour. of Med. Sciences</i>, 1880); H. P. Farnham<i>Medical Record</i>, xxiii, 8, 1883), and F. Vigier (<i>Bull. et Mem. Soc. de Thera.</i>, 1884). Since the latter date there have been few papers listed under this title, but every year sees an increasing number of references to the sulphocarbolates in the
The reactive arthritis of giardiasis. A case report
Authors: R. A. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THERE has been little emphasis in the literature on the articular manifestations of parasitism, despite the recognition of an arthritis associated with multiple parasitic infestations. Described herein, with a review of the literature, is a patient with polyarthritis as the presenting feature of giardiasis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Five days before admission to the hospital, a 39-year-old physician, previously in excellent health, awoke with right metatarsophalangeal joint pain, swelling, and erythema. Over the next 12 hours, the right ankle became similarly inflamed. The next day, she developed severe watery diarrhea and a nonpruritic, macular, erythematous rash over the trunk and proximal extremities; she noted unusual fatigability and lassitude. Joint symptoms persisted, despite salicylate therapy. The day before admission, she was seen at another hospital; her laboratory examination disclosed multiple normal joint roentgenograms and a leukocytosis (leukocyte count, 12×10<sup>9</sup>/L [12×10<sup>3</sup>/mm<sup>3</sup>] with 0.40 [40%] lymphocytes). A viral
Is Behavior or Morphology a More Sensitive Indicator of Central Nervous System Toxicity?
Authors: Stata Norton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Both behavior and morphology can be altered by exposure of the CNS to toxic substances. The brain is an organ with considerable structural redundancy and this presumably accounts for some of the ability of the CNS to maintain normal function in the presence of some structural damage. Compensation for damage may also occur through a form of "learning" due to the biochemical and morphological plasticity of the CNS. Examples of these kinds of compensation are enzyme induction and axonal sprouting. Compensatory changes such as these are likely to require days or weeks to develop. On the other hand, short-term, reversible effects of substances such as drugs are not likely to cause morphological changes at doses which affect behavior. The importance of appropriate quantitative data on both morphology and behavior in evaluation of the CNS toxicity of substances is evident.