tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl with special reference to porphyrin metabolism.
Authors: S Sano, S Kawanishi, Y Seki
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Oral administration of a commercial PCB mixture to chickens caused a hepatic-type porphyria characterized by hepatic accumulation and urinary excretion of uroporphyrin. To clarify the mechanism of the porphyrinogenic activity of these PCBs, we studied the structural requirement of synthetic PCB for porphyrinogenic activities by using the cultured chick embryo liver cells and examined the relationship between induction of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. We established that the porphyrinogenic effect of PCBs exhibits a sharply defined structure-activity relationship in that only 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl produced a marked accumulation of uroporphyrin. We also demonstrated that in ALA-supplemented cultures, these same compounds lead to accumulation of a large amount of uroporphyrin III, whereas with other PCBs, which were weak inducers of porphyrin synthesis, the accumulated porphyrin was mostly protoporphyrin. was mostly protoporphyrin. Kinetic studies of the sequential decarboxylation of uroporphyrinogen with purified uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase were performed. The 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl strongly inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase directly at two steps, i.e. first in the formation of hexacarboxylic porphyrinogen III from heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen III and second in the formation of heptacarboxylic porphyrinogen III from uroporphyrinogen III. The results confirmed that porphyrinogenic PCBs primarily inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, leading to a depletion of heme as a result of which synthesis of ALA synthetase increased.
Abstract 532: Irradiation alters the tumor microenvironment of orthotropic pancreatic tumor in favoring the infiltration of PD1+CD8 and G-MDSC and the delivery of immune checkpoint blockade therapy agents
Authors: Yu Hung Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Immunotherapy (IT) is trending on cancer research, but its efficacy heavily depends on the tumor microenvironment (TME). IT is also frequently combined with radiation therapy (RT). Here, we explored the effect of radiation therapy (RT) on the TME and its consequence on the combination of IT using a syngeneic orthotropic UN-KC6141 PDAC tumor model. The result of immunohistochemical staining (IHC) demonstrates that 25Gy of IR could effectively decrease the number of CD31+ vessels, but significantly increase distribution area of Dextran, an indication of vessel normalization. The normalized tumor vessels are more effectively on delivering ICBT (immune checkpoint blockade therapy) drug delivery as shown by the increase of anti-PD-L1 antibody in irradiated tumor. In addition, we also found that the number of PD1+CD8+ Tc cells and Ly6G+G-MDSC is also increased in irradiated tumor. This indicates that RT could alter TME of pancreatic tumor in favoring the combination with IT, not only alters an immune desert tumor to become an immune infiltrating tumor, but also enhances the delivery of ICBT agents. For this tumor model, the combination of RT with anti-PD-L1 or anti-Ly6G therapy could be effective. To test this hypothesis, the combination of RT with ICBT agents was performed. The preliminary results show that anti-PD-L1 ICBT could enhance the efficacy of RT on decreasing tumor burden. The combination of anit-Ly6G therapy with RT is currently under investigation. Citation Format: Yu Hung Lee. Irradiation alters the tumor microenvironment of orthotropic pancreatic tumor in favoring the infiltration of PD1+CD8 and G-MDSC and the delivery of immune checkpoint blockade therapy agents [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 532.
Phase III multicenter randomized study of concurrent twice-a-day radiotherapy with and without cisplatin-5FU (BiRCF) in unresectable pharyngeal carcinoma. Results at 18 months (FNCLCC-GORTEC)
Authors: R. J. Bensadoun, O. Dassonville, A. Ramaioli, N. Magné, K. Benezery, P. Y. Marcy, G. Poissonnet, C. Lemanski, S. Bourdin, J. Tortochaux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

5504
Combined amphotericin B-flucytosine therapy in Aspergillus pneumonia
Authors: S. D. Codish
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The incidence of aspergillosis is increasing while the prognosis remains dismal. Standard single-drug therapy with amphotericin B offers unacceptably low cure rates. A patient with<i>Aspergillus</i>pneumonia was treated with a synergistic combination of amphotericin B and flucytosine. A prompt clinical response and progressive resolution of the infection were observed. Combination therapy appeared to decrease the dose of amphotericin B needed for effective therapy. It may provide improved results with decreased toxic effects. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2418-2419, 1979)
Delaying folic acid fortification of flour
Journal: BMJ (2002)

We assessed the test-retest reliability after one month in 23 consecutive patients; 77% of the Spearman's r values for individual items were >0.50, and no item performed badly (r<0.50) for more than two of the different methods of blood pressure measurement.Patients felt that all methods were worth the trouble to get accurate measurements.Methods differed significantly in their overall "problem" score (ambulatory, home, doctor, and nurse (n=145), F=193, P < 0.001; including self measurement in surgery (n=56) F=81, P < 0.001).The scoring of ambulatory monitoring for discomfort and disturbance of life and sleep explains why its overall score (the mean of all the items) was significantly higher than those for the other methods.Home readings performed significantly better than all the other methods in the overall score and were also ranked highest by most patients.
AN ARGUMENT FOR THE ANTI-VACCINATIONISTS.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Is a Predictor of Outcome in Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alvaro Aguayo, Elihu Estey, Hagop Kantarjian, Taghi Mansouri, Cristi Gidel, Michael Keating, Francis Giles, Zeev Estrov, Bart Barlogie, Maher Albitar
Journal: Blood (1999)
Intestinal obstruction in a 55-year-old man with previous thoracic surgery (extrapleural plombage)
Authors: C. F. Tate
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>History</h3> A 55-year-old man came to the Miami Veterans Administration Hospital with a 48-hour history of crampy abdominal pain associated with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient denied fever, genitourinary symptoms, or previous abdominal surgery. The patient's medical history was relevant in that he underwent bilateral collapse therapy with Lucite sphere plombage in 1946 for pulmonary tuberculosis. In January 1977, an empyema and bronchopleural fistula of the left hemithorax developed, requiring removal of 37 Lucite spheres and long-term antituberculous therapy. Review of systems indicated chronic, severe, nonproductive cough. Laboratory data at time admission disclosed a WBC count of 20,800/cu mm, with a shift to the left. Amylase, glucose, BUN, and electrolyte levels were within normal limits. Urinalysis revealed seven to ten WBCs per high-power field and an occasional RBC per high-power field. Admission posteroanterior chest films and anteroposterior films of the abdomen were obtained (Fig 1 and 2). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Extrapleural
Incidence Rates of Hospitalization Related to Traumatic Brain Injury—12 States, 2002
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in the United States. Each year, among the estimated 1.4 million persons who sustain a TBI, an estimated 80,000-90,000 experience the onset of long-term disability. Since the early 1990s, CDC has supported state-level, population-based surveillance of TBI associated with hospitalization or death. For 2002, 12 states conducted TBI surveillance according to established CDC guidelines; the 2002 multistate data were finalized in December 2005 and are the most recent available. This report presents the results of TBI surveillance for 2002, which indicated that an estimated 74,517 persons (79.0 per 100,000 population) were hospitalized with TBI-related diagnoses in the 12 reporting states; unintentional falls, motor vehicle traffic (MVT) incidents, and assaults were the leading contributors to TBI-related hospitalizations. The findings underscore the need for states to continue to monitor TBI incidence and to implement effective injury-prevention programs.
Soluble recombinant human interleukin-4 receptor (rhulL-4R) inhibition of T lymphocytes from antigen-specific cell lines and segmental allergen challenges
Authors: J.A. Negri, J.W. Steinke, R. Enelow, D.F. Baramki, L. Borish
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
CTC Screening for Colorectal Cancer Not Cost-effective When Reimbursed at Same Rate as Colonoscopy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2010)

CTC Screening for Colorectal Cancer Not Cost-effective When Reimbursed at Same Rate as ColonoscopyComputed tomographic colonography, also known as virtual colonoscopy, is not cost-effective if reimbursed at the same rate as colonoscopy, according to a study published online July 27 in The Journal of the National Cancer Institute.Colon cancer is one of the most common cancers in people over the age of 65, and there are several screening methods used to detect it.With the most commonly used procedure, colonoscopy, a small camera on a tube is inserted through the anus to remove polyps that pose a risk of colorectal cancer and biopsy lesions suspicious of cancer.Computed tomographic colonograpy (CTC) is a type of CT scan that produces three-dimensional images of the inside of the colon.If suspicious lesions are seen on the scan, the individual is referred for a follow-up colonoscopy to have those lesions removed or biopsied.To investigate whether CTC screening every five years could be cost-effective compared to currently reimbursed colorectal screening tests, researchers used simulation models to study an unscreened cohort of Medicare beneficiaries.Amy B. Knudsen, Ph.D., of the Institute for Technology Assessment at Massachusetts General Hospital, and colleagues, used three different simulation models to calculate the lifetime costs and life expectancy associated with 15 screening strategies, including no screening, CTC screening every five years, annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT), flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years, flexible sigmoidoscopy every five years in conjunction with the annual FOBT, and colonoscopy every ten years.They evaluated these strategies for a previously unscreened population of Medicare beneficiaries, starting at age 65.
Wheelchair calisthenics keep patients fit
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

You don't have to be up and around to be up and at 'em in terms of exercise. Janet Reed, a wheelchair-bound paraplegic patient from Potomac, Md, a suburb of Washington, DC, has developed an exercise program for physically handicapped persons that she says has improved her muscle function below the level of the injury. In 1977 she was thrown from a horse, sustaining an incomplete cord lesion at the T-7 level. After about six months of daily exercises, as now laid out in her program, Reed believes that today she would be evaluated as a functional T-9. In addition, she says she has better bowel and bladder control and improved balance. "This exercise program has made me feel better, look better, and I enjoy myself doing it. It has saved my life," she says. Such improvement in traumatic paraplegia is not impossible, points out Ayub K. Ommaya, MD, clinical
Dyspnea on Exertion
Authors: Karlman Wasserman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

DYSPNEA is a sensation, a symptom, a complaint on the part of the patient of not being able to breathe enough or having to breathe too much, or, simply, an abnormal, uncomfortable feeling during breathing. Exertional dyspnea is the most common symptom of patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases and the diseases of the pulmonary circulation. Since dyspnea during exercise precedes dyspnea at rest, exercise testing can expose cardiovascular and lung disease at an earlier stage if the patient is examined during exercise. Our understanding of the factors that cause dyspnea with exercise has greatly improved since measurement of gas exchange and ventilation during exercise has been made reliable and easy by the development of new transducers and minicomputers. Not only has insight been gained into the mechanisms of dyspnea, but we have learned how to use exercise tests to distinguish between its various clinical causes. This review describes the
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) from the VIRGO observational cohort study (OCS).
Authors: Peter Andrew Kaufman, Musa Mayer, Nancy A. Dreyer, Yeun Mi Yim, Elaine Yu, Zhaohui Su, Yong Mun, Jeff A. Sloan, Charles S. Cleeland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

111 Background: Limited data exist on patient (pt) experience and work productivity (WP) in MBC. VIRGO is a prospective OCS following &gt;1,200 pts with locally advanced or MBC receiving 1st-line hormonal therapy (HT) or chemotherapy (CT) in a real-world setting. We report baseline characteristics of 277 pts from the VIRGO PRO substudy and correlations between health-related quality of life (HRQoL), symptoms, activities of daily living, and WP. Methods: Symptom severity and interference (M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory [MDASI]), functional status (Activity Level Scale [ALS] from the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist) and WP (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire) were assessed. Pts rated their HRQoL during the past week on a scale of 0–10. Results: See table. The five most severe symptoms at baseline were fatigue, decreased sexual interest, disturbed sleep, drowsiness, and emotional distress; these were reported with less severity in the HT cohort (24%-37% vs 42%-59%). Overall MDASI severity and interference correlated with WP measures in the CT (R=0.46 to 0.78) and HT cohorts (0.36 to 0.94). Mean of the 5 most severe symptoms also significantly correlated with WP indices (R=0.47 to 0.66). HRQoL correlated (p&lt;0.05) with all WP measures (R=-0.46 to -0.56) in the CT cohort and with % impairment while working (R=-0.65) and % overall work impairment (R=-0.71) in the HT cohort. In univariate regression analysis, MDASI symptom interference score was the best predictor of reduced WP (R 2 =0.52 while working; R 2 =0.48 for non-work activities). Conclusions: MBC pts receiving CT and HT report significant work impairment. Results indicate moderate correlations between WP indices, HRQoL and symptom burden. [Table: see text]
A phase I dose escalation trial of the VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PTK787/ ZK222584 (PTK/ZK), used in combination with paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors with pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis
Authors: S. R. Malireddy, E. G. Chiorean, A. Younger, D. Jones, M. Waddell, M. Margol, S. Hall, B. P. Schneider, C. J. Sweeney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

14521 Background: The aim of this study was to define the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for weekly paclitaxel administered in combination with daily PTK/ZK and assess for a potential PK drug interaction. Methods: 27 patients (pts) with refractory metastatic solid tumors were enrolled. During cycle 1 (C1) paclitaxel was given on days 1 and 15 in combination with PTK/ZK on days 3 to 28. PTK/ZK was administered once daily each night. During cycle 2 (C2) and beyond, paclitaxel was given on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days. PTK/ZK was taken orally each night. A “3+3” design was used. In addition to the standard definitions of dose limiting toxicity (DLT) occurring in C1 and C2, the inability to give day 8 or 15 of paclitaxel or > 7 days of missed PTK/ZK due to toxicity was also deemed dose limiting. Therapy was given until disease progression. Results: 102 cycles (median 3, range: 1 to 13) have been administered to 23 evaluable pts. No DLTs were observed in cycles 1 and 2 when 75 mg/m2 of paclitaxel was combined with PTK/ZK doses of 250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg in the dose escalation phase. 2 of 5 pts treated with paclitaxel 85 mg/m2 and PTK/ZK 1000 mg had a DLT in C1. Both episodes were grade 3 transaminase elevation. The MTD was 75 mg/m2 paclitaxel and 750 mg PTK/ZK and expanded for a total of 10 evaluable patients. 1 of 10 patients at the MTD had an episode of grade 3 transaminase elevation due to therapy. Paclitaxel PK sampling from Day 1 and Day 15 was obtained in 20 pts: 18 of 20 pts had a faster clearance (CL) (L/hr) of paclitaxel on C1 day 15 versus day 1. Activity included 1 PR (esophageal cancer) and 11 pts had SD (4 prostate, 3 TCC bladder/urethral, 3 ovarian, 1 lung, 1 adrenocortical) for 2–13 months. Conclusion: The MTD for weekly paclitaxel plus daily PTK/ZK is 75 mg/m2 and 750 mg. DLTs were liver transaminase elevation. An increased mean paclitaxel clearance was noted by day 15 across all cohorts. This combination was well tolerated with promising clinical activity. Comparison of mean paclitaxel clearance of patients in each cohort with paired pharmacokinetic data Paclitaxel (mg/m2) + PTK/ZK (mg) n Mean Clearance ± SE Day 1 vs. Day 15 (L/hr) P value 75 + 250 3 53±15vs.82± 23 0.092 75 + 500 3 55±13vs.70±6 0.495 75 + 750 10 36±5vs.53±7 0.006 85 + 1000 4 50±16vs.90±19 0.118 n, number of patients with paired pharmacokinetic data; SE, standard error Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis
Volvulus of the cecum and right colon
Authors: P. H. Haskin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

VOLVULUS of the cecum and right side of the colon causes up to 10% of all cases of intestinal obstruction in adults. As reported in recent series, it is only slightly less common than sigmoid volvulus.<sup>2,3</sup>It is more prevalent after age 50 years, although it can occur at any age. No clear-cut gender predisposition exists.<sup>4</sup>Gangrenous change in the bowel wall occurs in two thirds of late-diagnosed cases, with an associated mortality of more than 40%.<sup>1,5</sup> <h3>Pathophysiology</h3> Volvulus of the cecum and right colon occurs when a segment of bowel and mesentery twists on itself, causing obstruction of the bowel lumen and, at times, occlusion of the mesenteric vessels. The term "cecal volvulus" to describe this condition is a misnomer, since the volvulus will usually involve also the right colon as well as the cecum.<sup>5</sup>Two conditions must be met for this entity to occur:
Abstract 1818: Beneficial Effects of Weight Loss Associated with a High Protein Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Profile, Functional Status and Quality of Life in Obese Heart Failure Patients: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Lorraine S Evangelista, David Heber, Zhaoping Li, Michele Hamilton, Gregg C Fonarow
Journal: Circulation (2007)

OBJECTIVE: Clinical management of chronic heart failure (HF) related to adequate nutritional intake currently lacks a strong scientific basis. This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of 3 diet interventions on body weight and its potential to reduce cardiovascular risks and improve functional status. METHOD: Fourteen obese HF patients (BMI &gt; 27 kg/m2) were randomized to1 of 3 diets: high protein (HP); low fat (LF) or average diet/control group (CG). Body anthropometrics (weight, BMI, waist circumference), indices of cardiovascular risks including (% body fat, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides), and measures of functional status (6-minute walk, max VO2) were obtained at baseline and after a 12-week nutritional support program. Statistics included two-way RMANOVA. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age (59±10 years), gender (78% male), NYHA (43% class II; 57% class III), HF etiology (57% non-ischemic), or ejection fraction (0.26±0.07) between the groups. The HP diet resulted in moderate reductions in body weight (Figure ) and improvements in several health parameters (Table ). CONCLUSION: The data show that in a small group of obese HF patients, a 12-week HP diet resulted in moderate weight loss that was associated with reduced cardiovascular risks and better functional status. However, the long-term effects of a HP diet remain uncertain. Figure Comparison of Weight Changes in the HP, LF and CG from Baseline to 12 Weeks Mean changes in outcomes from baseline to 12 weeks, by diet group and time
Violence in geriatric patients
Authors: W. M. Petrie
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Two hundred twenty-two patients admitted to a geriatric psychiatry unit were surveyed for the commission of acts dangerous to others. Eighteen of these patients had used either guns or knives in acts of violence. Organic illness accounted for a minority of such acts, the majority having been perpetrated by patients with functional diagnoses of late paraphrenia, schizophrenia, or mania. The most dangerous patients were those who, in a clear sensorium, experienced paranoid delusions, hallucinations, or both, and believed that they were in danger of being attacked. One hundred twenty-one aggressive patients who did not use weapons against others were also identified. This group, which included a larger percentage of patients suffering from dementia, posed a much less serious threat to others than the violent group. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:443-444)
REVIVAL OF A SIXTEENTH CENTURY SUPERSTITION.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal