tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
American Standard Practice for School Lighting
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Foreword
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection and Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected PersonsJune 15, 1998ForewordFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorFrank Davidoff, MD, EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_2-199806151-00001 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The American College of Physicians is pleased to publish the Report of the NIH Panel To Define Principles of Therapy of HIV Infection and the Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents. The documents, which were first released for public comment in the Federal Register on 19 June 1997 and then published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) in revised form on 24 April 1998 (1998; 47:1-32), are being republished because they are vital links to the fast-changing information about antiretroviral therapy. The versions presented here are not identical to those printed in the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics June 15, 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_2Page: I-1KeywordsAIDSAdolescentsAllergic diseasesAllergy and immunologyAntiretroviral therapyAntiretroviralsHIVHIV infectionsHIV preventionInfectious diseasesMorbiditySexually transmitted diseases ePublished: 15 June 1998 Issue Published: June 15, 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Commentary
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Airway
Authors: Z. Zivkovic, E. Sudjic-Bukurov, P. A. MacIntyre, I. Gordon, Q. Mok, Jan Bengtsson, Sylvia Göthberg, Eva Kokinsky, K. E. Edberg, Martin J. Elliott, Iracema C. O. F. Fernandes, José C. Fernandes, Albert Bousso, Andréa M. G. Cordeiro, Yassuhiko Okay, G. Vos, W. Nix, J. Berg, D. Van Waardenburg, J. Hendriks, Ž. Zupančič, J. Primožič, Z. Y. Lu, F. W. Kuang, R. Y. Yang, P. Zhao, J. Fraga, S. Amantéa, J. Piva, A. Nogueira, B. Palombini
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1996)
Polymyalgia rheumatica
Authors: G. E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Popular wisdom recognizes that rheumatic symptoms occur more commonly in the elderly than in the young. Many of these symptoms have been attributed, perhaps incorrectly, to osteoarthritic changes casually discovered by roentgenography. The remainder are chiefly ascribed to rheumatoid arthritis and to polymyalgia rheumatica. The former, believed to attain its peak incidence in the fourth and fifth decades, remains with those afflicted throughout their remaining years. As no appreciable mortality accompanies this disorder, the number of affected persons increases steadily. After the age of 60, rheumatoid arthritis takes on new characteristics. Among these characteristics is painful involvement of the shoulder girdle, which simulates the shoulder-hand syndrome when hands are also involved.<sup>1</sup>The frequent occurrence of peritendinitis in the shoulders of patients otherwise afflicted by interphalangeal osteoarthritis of the fingers has been reported. These findings have recently been corroborated (Jack Waxman, MD, unpublished data, 1974). This concatenation of symptoms, each
Pulmonary hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: Effects on right ventricular function
Authors: P Van der Linden
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The short- and mid-term hemodynamic effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) were studied in 16 sedated cirrhotic patients. Indications included relapsing variceal bleeding (n = 10) and refractory ascites (n = 6). The decrease of porto-atrial pressure gradient (from 20.4 ± 4.2 mm Hg to 10.1 ± 2.4 mmHg; P < .05) was associated with an increase of mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) (from 12.3 ± 3.0 mm Hg to 20.3 ± 5.3 mm Hg; P < .05) and of right atrial pressure (RAP) from 3.4 ± 2.6 mm Hg to 8.3 ± 3.7 mm Hg; P < .05), whereas right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDVI) remained unchanged. The significant increase of cardiac index (CI) (from 4.5 ± 1.2 L/min/m2 to 5.0 ± 1.1 L/min/m2; P < .05) was essentially attributable to an increase of heart rate (HR) (from 81 ± 11 to 88 ± 10 beats/min; P < .05). Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased (from 812 ± 281 to 666 ± 191 dynes/sec/cm5; P < .05), whereas pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) increased (from 60.6 ± 29.6 to 82.0 ± 34.6 dynes/sec/cm5; P < .05). After transient shunt occlusion with a balloon catheter, all of the hemodynamic parameters returned to baseline values, except pulmonary artery pressure, which also decreased but remained significantly increased. One month after TIPS, pulmonary pressure remained elevated, and CI further increased. It is concluded that increased PVR is the major hemodynamic alteration occurring after TIPS placement. It correlates with the decrease of porto-atrial gradient and is probably mediated by both mechanical and neurohumoral factors.
Neonatology
Authors: Thomas P. Strandjord
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The 1990s may be remembered in neonatology as the beginning of the surfactant era. The use of two different exogenous surfactant preparations for the treatment of premature infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. The safety and efficacy of this mode of therapy has been tested more rigorously than any other neonatal therapy. The results of multiple clinical trials demonstrate a clear immediate improvement in pulmonary function and decreased frequency of pneumothoraces and chronic lung morbidity, as well as improved survival for premature infants less than 30 weeks' gestation.<sup>1-3</sup>Questions remain regarding which preparations of exogenous surfactant are superior and how best to give this medication. Studies of the timing of the first dose of surfactant are under way comparing prophylactic administration in the delivery room with treatment later in life, after the diagnosis of HMD has been established. The results
Multiple parathyroid adenomas
Authors: N. Carnevale
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Multiple parathyroid adenomas have been an unusual cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. Contralateral neck exploration might not be required if normal microscopic features are seen in the ipsilateral gland where an adenoma was found. We have treated four consecutive patients with multiple parathyroid adenomas and reemphasize the principle of thorough bilateral neck exploration. Excision of only the enlarged parathyroid glands was performed; subtotal parathyroidectomy has not been required. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1332-1334)
Paraquat: Model for Oxidant-Initiated Toxicity
Authors: James S. Bus, James E. Gibson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Paraquat, a quaternary ammonium bipyridyl herbicide, produces degenerative lesions in the lung after systemic administration to man and animals. The pulmonary toxicity of paraquat resembles in several ways the toxicity of several other lung toxins, including oxygen, nitrofurantoin and bleomycin. Although a definitive mechanism of toxicity of paraquat has not been delineated, a cyclic single electron reduction/oxidation of the parent molecule is a critical mechanistic event. The redox cycling of paraquat has two potentially important consequences relevant to the development of toxicity: generation of "activated oxygen" (e.g., superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical) which is highly reactive to cellular macromolecules; and/or oxidation of reducing equivalents (e.g., NADPH, reduced glutathione) necessary for normal cell function. Paraquat-induced pulmonary toxicity, therefore, is a potentially useful model for evaluation of oxidant mechanisms of toxicity. Furthermore, characterization of the consequences of intracellular redox cycling of xenobiotics will no doubt provide basic information regarding the role of this phenomena in the development of chemical toxicity.
Effects of Vinyl Chloride Exposures to Rats Pretreated with Phenobarbital
Authors: Robert T. Drew, Curtis Harper, Bohla N. Gupta, Fred A. Talley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Male rats were exposed to 10 consecutive days, 6 hr/day, to vinyl chloride vapors at an average concentration of 13,500 ppm. The exposed rats were divided into three groups of eight rats each: one group was pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene, one group was pretreated with phenobarbital, and the third group received no treatment. Half the animals in each group were sacrificed 18 hr after the last exposure and half were sacrificed 4 days later. In a second experiment, four rats pretreated with phenobarbital were exposed to vinyl chloride vapors at a concentration of 17,300 ppm for 2 days and sacrificed about 9 A.M. on the third day. In both experiments control animals, also treated with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, were exposed to air only. At the time of sacrifice, lungs, kidneys, spleen, heart, and a small piece of liver from each animal were preserved for histological examination. The remainder of the liver was processed for assay of microsomal enzyme activity. The following parameters were investigated: growth rate, organ weights, morphological changes, and both benzphetamine-N-demethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content of microsomes prepared from the livers. In both experiments the only marked difference noted in any group was a decrease in the growth rate of the animals exposed to vinyl chloride and treated with phenobarbital. This decreased growth rate was particularly apparent on the third day of the vinyl chloride exposures. Occasional morphological changes were also seen in the livers of the animals treated with phenobarbital and exposed to vinyl chloride.
A rational approach to a common goal: the equitable distribution of organs for transplantation
Authors: F. T. Rapaport
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The advent of brain death criteria and the increasing use of a new immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporine, have produced a quantum leap in the applicability of organ transplantation to the treatment of human disease.<sup>1</sup>Although the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act passed by Congress and adopted by all 50 states<sup>2</sup>has provided a legal basis for organ donation since 1973, there has been an increasingly severe shortage of organs for transplantation.<sup>3</sup>The growing acuteness of the problem, particularly with regard to kidney, heart, and liver transplantation, prompted congressional enactment of a National Organ Transplantation Act in 1984. The key element motivating this action was the universally accepted desirability of equitable distribution of all available organs in the United States. Unfortunately, government involvement in the practice of medicine is often followed by a deluge of well-intended but not necessarily well-informed regulations. Such regulations can, in the long run, produce results
From Ant to Cricket
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE.
Authors: J. G. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3><h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —It has this day been my privilege to examine a most marvelous instance of human physical precocity. The subject is a boy, Charles Edward by name, who was born unto Mitchell and Mary Jane Paulk, who farm for a livelihood in Irwin county of this State, on the 24th day of November, 1888, and is now four years and three months old. He measures around the chest, 29½ inches, shoulders, 37; waist, 30; hips, 34; is four feet, three inches high, and weighs 90 lbs. The hair under the arms and over the pubes, and the genitals are as fully developed as those of the average adult. There is neither mental precocity nor imbecility. There are 20 decidual or milk teeth, and he has a splendid bass voice. There was nothing unusual at birth, at which time
Parenchymal and nonparenchymal uptake of technetium-99m, indium-111, and iodine-125 low-density lipoprotein in the normal and estradiol-stimulated rat liver: Tracer validation for quantitative low-density lipoprotein scintigraphy
Authors: Thomas Leitha, Anton Staudenherz, Marcela Hermann, Manfred Hüttinger, Bernhard Gmeiner
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

This study quantifies the parenchymal and nonparen-chymal uptake of technetium-99m ( 99m Tc)- and indium-III ( 111 In)-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in different states of hepatic LDL-receptor activity to validate quantitative LDL scintigraphy. Iodine-125 ( 125 I)-LDL was used as reference tracer. Four Sprague-Dawley rats with 17-alpha-ethinyl estradiol (EE)-stimulated LDL-receptor activity and five controls received all three tracers simultaneously 90 minutes before collagenase liver perfusion and metrizamide gradient cell separation. Total liver uptake of 99m Tc-, 111 In-, and 125 I-LDL was 1.8 ± 1.0, 1.6 ± 0.8, and 0.2 ± 0.2% injected dose/g organ weight, respectively. The contribution of nonparenchymal cells to total hepatic tracer uptake was 5.4 ± 4.7%, 11.6 ± 10.3%, and 9.6 ± 7.6% in controls. Estradiol treatment increased total liver uptake to 2.4 ± 0.5, 2.0 ± 0.2, and 0.5 ± 0.3% injected dose/g and reduced nonparenchymal cell contribution to 2.3 ± 2.6%, 4.2 ± 4.8%, and 2.6 ± 2.9%, respectively. Dual-isotope scintigraphy in EE-treated and control rats confirmed these data, with a lower total hepatic uptake of 111 In-LDL in comparison with 99m Tc-LDL but a comparative degree of increase by EE treatment. Both behave quantitatively comparable as residu-alizing tracers, yet 99m Tc-LDL shows a higher affinity to the LDL receptor pathway of parenchymal cells. However, the nonspecific uptake of both tracers can be neglected for quantitative LDL scintigraphy, and external imaging of hepatic tracer uptake primarily reflects LDL-receptor activity of parenchymal cells. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1289-1295.).
Shortage of Nurses
Authors: R. H. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1947)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background and Objectives</h3> Expansion of chronic lesions in MS patients and recently described CSF-related gradient of tissue damage are linked to microglial activation. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether lesion expansion is associated with proximity to ventricular CSF spaces. <h3>Methods</h3> Pre- and post-gadolinium 3D-T1, 3D FLAIR and diffusion tensor images were acquired from 36 RRMS patients. Lesional activity was analysed between baseline and 48 months at different distances from the CSF using successive 1-mm thick concentric rings radiating from the ventricles. <h3>Results</h3> Voxel-based analysis of the rate of lesion expansion demonstrated a clear periventricular gradient decreasing away from the ventricles. This was particularly apparent when lesions of equal diameter were analysed. Periventricular lesional tissue showed higher degree of tissue distraction at baseline that significantly increased during follow-up in rings close to CSF. This longitudinal change was proportional to degree of lesion expansion. Lesion-wise analysis revealed a gradual, centrifugal decrease in the proportion of expanding lesions from the immediate periventricular zone. <h3>Discussion</h3> Our data suggest that chronic white matter lesions in close proximity to the ventricles are more destructive, show a higher degree of expansion at the lesion border and accelerated tissue loss in the lesion core.
Can ambulatory monitoring identify high-risk patients with stable coronary artery disease?
Authors: P. C. Deedwania
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Dr Mulcahy and colleagues<sup>1</sup>adds to a substantial body of evidence that the risk of acute coronary events cannot be reliably predicted based on the evidence and extent of myocardial ischemia. Given that acute ischemic syndromes mostly occur because of fissuring or rupture of atherosclerotic plaque, these findings are not surprising.<sup>2</sup>However, it is disconcerting to note that, based primarily on the risk of coronary events (myocardial infarction and unstable angina) and an extremely low incidence of cardiac mortality, the investigators have reached sweeping conclusions to negate the prognostic importance of ischemia detected by exercise testing and Holter monitoring. In fact, there is plenty of evidence to support that ischemia does portend poor prognosis.<sup>3</sup> Results from several studies, including ours,<sup>4</sup>in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and ischemia during Holter monitoring revealed higher rates of coronary events and
Diagnostic Paracentesis
Authors: T. O. Mulligan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Previously an uninterrupted recovery could confidently have been expected in this type of poisoning once the patient had regained consciousness.This case would suggest that relapse and sudden death may occur in poisoning by tricyclic antidepressant compounds after apparent recovery.The forced diuresis may have kept the patient alive initially and there could be an argument for continuing this treatment in order to wash out the possible second wave of metabolites, which would otherwise contribute to an unexpected relapse.
Mechanisms Underlying Children's Susceptibility to Environmental Toxicants
Authors: Elaine M. Faustman, Susan M. Silbernagel, Richard A. Fenske, Thomas M. Burbacher, Rafael A. Ponce
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

An important public health challenge has been the need to protect children's health.To accomplish this goal, the scientific community needs scientifically based child-specific risk assessment methods.Critical to their development is the need to understand mechanisms underlying children's sensitivity to environmental toxicants.Risk is defined as the probability of adverse outcome and when applied to environmental risk assessment is usually defined as a function of both toxicity and exposure.To adequately evaluate the potential for enhanced health risks during development, both child-specific factors affecting toxicity and exposure need to be considered.In the first section of this article, example mechanisms of susceptibility relevant for toxicity assessment are identified and discussed.In the second section, examples of exposure factors that help define children's susceptibility are presented.Examples of pesticide research from the newly funded Child Health Center at the University of Washington will be given for illustration.The final section discusses the importance of putting these considerations of children's susceptibility into an overall framework for ascertaining relevancy for human risk assessment.
HOSPITAL SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal