tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty in transfusion practice for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB): implications for clinical trial design
Authors: V. Jairath, B. Kahan, C. Dore, S. Meredith, C. Lweleyn, S. Hearnshaw, T. Walsh, R. Logan, S. Travis, K. Palmer, M. Murphy
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is a cornerstone for managing AUGIB. There has been a paradigm shift over the last decade in critical care and surgery with several studies associating RBC transfusion with adverse patient outcomes. Most relevant to decision making are recent data suggesting an association between early RBC transfusion in AUGIB and the risk of re-bleeding. <h3>Methods</h3> In preparation for a proposed UK multi-centre, cluster randomised trial of restrictive versus liberal blood transfusion strategies in patients presenting with AUGIB we sought to determine: (1) the key area of clinical uncertainty in RBC transfusion practice for AUGIB; (2) the proportion of admissions likely to be eligible for trial entry; (3) estimates of the intra-cluster correlation co-efficient to inform sample size calculations for a cluster randomised phase III trial. Data was analysed from 6,750 admissions with AUGIB from the 2007 UK national audit of AUGIB and applied to potential recruiting centres for the proposed trial. <h3>Results</h3> The key area of clinical uncertainty whether to transfuse patients presenting with a haemoglobin (Hb) concentration between 8.1 and 10 g/dl; in this range 51% (604/1190) of patients received transfusion and 49% (588/1190) did not and a similar degree of uncertainty persisted when patients were stratified by the absence/presence of haemodynamic shock. The Hb range 8.1-10 g/dl, together with other eligibility criteria, was used to estimate recruitment for the proposed trial. Centres meeting cluster eligibility criteria have an average 41 admissions with AUGIB/month. Under a range of clinical scenarios anywhere between 26.4% to 44.8% of new admissions with AUGIB will meet trial eligibility criteria. Intra-cluster correlation co-efficient (ICC) range between 0.007-0.015; assuming an ICC of 0.01 and 30 centres for a phase III trial, 44 patients per centre would be required to detect a 5% reduction in re-bleeding from 15% to 10%, across 30 centres with 90% power and 5% significance by use of a restrictive transfusion practice. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cluster randomised trials are useful designs for pragmatic trials measuring the effectiveness of an intervention in routine clinical practice. They have unique challenges in design, conduct and analysis. Detailed observational data from the UK national audit of AUGIB has enabled key methodological components to be addressed for a cluster-randomised trial of restrictive versus liberal transfusion practice in AUGIB.
UNMODIFIED ECT
Authors: P. Bebbington, A.W. Clare, R. Kumar, P. Mullen, J.L.T. Birley, J. Cutting, A. Mann, P. Williams, D.H. Bennett, Ronald Maggs, D.G. Wilkinson, C. Cordess, J. Parrott, A.J. Holland, I.R. Wood, R. Donmall, A.S. Lee, R. Ancill, L. Mccafferty, S. Stansfeld, M. Shanks, P. Thompson, D. Somekh, J. Strang, M. Greenberg, J. Hill, S. Brown, P. Mahendra, C. Thompson, S. Davies, M. Prendergast, J. Colledge, P. McGuffin, J. Shanks, S. Isaacs, A. Yonace, P. Hayden-Smith, B. Jacobs, O. Daniels
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
RIO DE JANEIRO
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE SYMPTOMATOLOGY OF FACIAL PARALYSIS.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

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Impact of Oxidative Stress on Signal Transduction Control by Phosphotyrosine Phosphatases
Authors: Cecile M. Krejsa, Gary L. Schieven
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Phosphotyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) serve as important regulators of cellular signal transduction pathways.PTPs are sensitive targets of oxidative stress and may be inhibited by treatments that induce intracellular oxidation.The effects of PTP inactivation under oxidizing conditions are amplified by the redox-linked activation of key protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), thus leading to the initiation of phosphotyrosine-signaling cascades that are no longer under normal receptor control.These ligand-independent signals result in the accumulation of protein phosphotyrosine, the generation of second messengers, the activation of downstream kinases, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-KB).In this review we consider the relative contribution of oxidative stress to the effects of PTP inhibition by vanadium-based compounds in lymphocytes.Although the inactivation of PTPs can lead to NF-KB mobilization in the presence of antioxidants, the other effects noted appear to require a threshold of intracellular oxidation.The combined effects of oxidative stress on signal transduction cascades reflect a synergy between the initiation of signals by PTKs and the loss of control by PTPs.This suggests a mechanism by which environmental agents that cause oxidative stress may alter the course of cellular responses through induction or enhancement of signaling cascades leading to functional changes or cell death.
Obesity in children. Environment or genes? New treatment for hereditary angioedema
Journal: JAMA (1977)

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Ski Injuries
Authors: Freeman D. Fowler
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The picture of the skiers on the cover was very good, but for Heaven's sake, the next time somebody wants to take a picture, don't put them on the cornice of an avalanche! I was the coroner here from 1937 till 1972 when I finally resigned, and trying to get people out of avalanches was part of that job. I have seen many of them but nobody was ever so foolish as those people in the picture were.
THE MICHIGAN MEDICAL BILL.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1945)

MEDICAJOURNAL 631 to keep the benefits which had already arisen from that policy.It accepted the necessity for continuance of the Ministry of Food.Bread was not the only food to which the Ministry of Food had added advantageous materials: margarine had been greatly improved.He hoped the country would become accustomed to regard the existence of a Ministry of Food, performing these and other functions, as an essential part of our national economy.
Cardiovascular Actions of Palladium Compounds in the Unanesthetized Rat
Authors: Mildred J. Wiester
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The natural occurrence of palladium (Pd) is rare. It is obtained as a by-product during the extraction of platinum and, until the present time, its uses were small in number--principally in the manufacture of jewelry, dental alloys, chemical catalysts, and electrical contacts. Interest in Pd toxicology has been limited to occupational exposures and even that has been sparse. Recently Pd has been chosen as one of the metals to be incorporated into the automotive catalytic converter material. Palladium chloride has been shown to be extremely toxic when given to rabbits intravenously. Animals rapidly injected quickly died with damage chiefly to the heart. This heart damage was not explained or further defined, and other references addressing this subject have not been found. The objective of our study was to investigate and attempt to characterize toxic actions of soluble Pd compounds on the cardiovascular system of the unanesthetized rat. Surgically prepared rats were monitored for ECG, aortic blood pressure, cardiac contractility (dp/dt), and respiration before, during, and 1 hr following intravenous injections of Pd2+ salt solutions. Our findings indicate that injected Pd2+ profoundly disturbs the electrical integrity of ventricular myocardium. Effective doses induce cardiac arrhythmias with the consequential fall in blood pressure; the extent of the response is dose related. An immediate cardiovascular effect is seen when doses of 0.4 mg/kg or more of Pd ion as PdSO4 is administered over a 40-sec period of time via the femoral vein. Pd(NO3)2 and PdCl2 appear to have similar activity. To achieve and equal response three times as much Pd is necessary as (NH4)2PdCl4 or K2PdCl4.
SANITARY REFORM A SOCIAL MOVEMENT
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE DISEASE OF INEBRIETY.ITS STUDY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE EXPERIENCE OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS OF EMINENCE WHO HAVE WORKED IN THIS FIELD OF RESEARCH.
Authors: EDWARD C. MANN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>ALCOHOLIC IDIOSYNCRASY.</h3> Another class possesses an organization which may be termed an alcoholic idiosyncrasy; with them the latent desire for stimulants, if indulged, soon leads to habits of intemperance and eventually to a morbid appetite, which has all the characteristics of a diseased condition of the system, which the patient, unassisted, is powerless to relieve—since the weakness of will that led to the disease obstructs its removal. It might be well to divide inebriates into two other classes; the constant or daily, and the periodical drinkers. Of these two classes the constant drinkers are the most susceptible of treatment and cure. We find by a reference to the annual reports of the New York State Inebriate Asylum for the years, 1870,1871 and 1872 the whole number of patients admitted during that time was 713. Of this number 402 were constant, and 311 periodical drinkers. Out of the whole number the
Corrigendum to: miR-30e targets IGF2-regulated osteogenesis in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, aortic smooth muscle cells, and ApoE−/− mice
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

[Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106(1):131–142] There were some references to the reported concentration of a standard reagent used which were incorrect. This does not affect the conclusion of the paper in any way but the author would like to amend this. It is shown correctly below and has also been corrected online. The authors apologise for this error. In Figure 4 the legend, 500 mg/ml should be substituted with 500 ng/ml.In section 3.8 IGF2 recombinant protein rescues miR-30e-repressed osteogenesis in SMCs there are two unit errors; one is 500 mg/ml should be corrected to 500 ng/ml; the second is 250 mg/ml should be corrected to 250 ng/ml.
A genetic risk score predicts de novo hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C cirrotic patients treated with direct-acting antivirals
Authors: Elisabetta Degasperi, Enrico Galmozzi, Serena Pelusi, Roberta D’ambrosio, Roberta Soffredini, Marta Borghi, Riccardo Perbellini, Floriana Facchetti, Massimo Iavarone, Angelo Sangiovanni, Mariangela Bruccoleri, Luca Valenti, Pietro Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Gifts to Physicians From Industry
Authors: James H. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The editorial from the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs of the AMA entitled "Gifts to Physicians From Industry"<sup>1</sup>is very good, but it doesn't address one important problem. In many continuing medical education activities sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, the subject and the speaker are picked by the company. The companies select subjects related to the drugs that they produce and promote as well as speakers who frequently prescribe these drugs. The speakers are usually well-qualified subspecialists, often in academic medicine. The pharmaceutical companies and speakers are no doubt sincere, but the presentation is biased in favor of treatment with particular drugs. As a result, not only are we getting continuing medical education presentations that are not objective, but they are overwhelmingly related to drug treatment. When a pharmaceutical company sponsors a continuing medical education presentation, the subject and the speaker should be chosen by the
Chemical-Biological Reactions Common to Teratogenesis and Mutagenesis
Authors: Raymond D. Harbison
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Cytotoxic chemicals have in common the ability to act specifically on cells in cycle. Bacteria are more sensitive in the exponential growth phase than when growing slowly in media. Similar observations have been made on a variety of systems ranging from bacteria, yeast, higher plants and invertebrates to vertebrates including primates. The embryo and fetus are highly susceptible to cytotoxic agents because they have continuous groups of cells in the growth phase. Acutely toxic doses may cause cellular death and result in developmental defects or fetal death. Cytotoxic agents can be grouped as alkylating agents, electrophilic reactants, antimetabolites, intercalating agents, amino acid antagonists, spindle poisons, and an additional group of chemicals which covalently bind to DNA. These cytotoxic groups of chemicals may also be mutagenic by interacting with DNA to produce changes in sequences of nucleotides resulting in heritable defects either in a somatic cell line or in a germinal cell line. The mechanisms of chemical-induced teratogenicity and mutagenicity are similar. This commonality is further discussed in the text.
Educational Qualification for Commencing the Study of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Newborn Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease: Potential Roles of Birth Defects Surveillance Programs—United States, 2010–2011
Journal: JAMA (2012)

In September 2011, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) approved the Secretary's Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in Newborns and Children (SACHDNC) 2010 recommendation that all newborns be screened for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) using pulse oximetry, a noninvasive test of blood oxygenation, to prevent mortality and morbidity. CDC partnered with the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) to conduct a survey designed to assess state birth defect surveillance programs' potential roles, capabilities, and readiness to assist with newborn screening activities for CCHD. States were surveyed in November 2010, after the initial SACHDNC recommendation, and again in November 2011, after the Secretary's approval. From 2010 to 2011, the number of birth defects surveillance programs involved in CCHD screening increased from one to 10. Barriers exist, such as the lack of legislative authority, staffing, funding, and informatics infrastructure. Sixty-seven percent of programs take an average of more than 12 months to collect complete data on birth defect cases, including congenital heart defects. An assessment of state birth defects programs' existing data and capability to lead the evaluation of screening for CCHD is warranted.
Genome-Wide Identification of Prednisolone-Responsive Genes in Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells.
Authors: Wim J.E. Tissing, Monique L. den Boer, Jules P.P. Meijerink, Renee X. Menezes, Sigrid Swagemakers, Peter J. van der Spek, Stephen E. Sallan, Scott Armstrong, Robrecht Pieters
Journal: Blood (2005)
Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: David H. P. Streeten
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN GENERAL, complications of corticosteroid therapy are the same as the manifestations of spontaneous Cushing syndrome. We shall discuss each of these complications. <h3>Abnormalities of Fat Distribution.—</h3> There is increased deposition of fat in the supraclavicular, cervicodorsal, and the anterior neck areas, as well as in the face, which becomes rounded. These complications produce cosmetic damage only, and cannot be overcome except by reduction of steroid dosage. Generalized obesity tends to occur and should be minimized by caloric restriction. <h3>Loss of Muscle Mass Causing Weakness and Fatigue.—</h3> The administration of corticotropin rather than of individual glucocorticoids, or the use of adjuvant therapy with an anabolic agent probably reduces muscle wasting but at the frequent expense of causing hirsutism. <h3>Skin Changes.—</h3> The skin becomes erythematous, especially over the face, becomes thinned (probably because of reduced protein content), loses its elasticity, and shows stretch marks or "striae" in areas overlying large deposits
Decreased spinal mineral content in amenorrheic women
Authors: C. E. Cann
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Premenopausal amenorrheic women may be at risk for the development of osteoporosis. In hyperprolactinemia, cortical bone mass is decreased and the magnitude of the decrease correlates with the severity of the estrogen deficiency. However, bone loss in women with amenorrhea from other causes has not been assessed. We have studied women with hypothalamic and hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea and premature ovarian failure. Bone mass in the peripheral cortical bone was only slightly decreased from age-matched controls, but spinal trabecular bone was decreased 20% to 30%. Estradiol levels were 20 to 80 pg/mL in these women, not different from normal early follicular levels. The decrease in bone mass in the spine did not correlate with serum estradiol at these levels. The hypothalamic amenorrhea group was made up of athletes in whom the bone mass decrease was an unexpected finding. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:626-629)