tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Invasive Pneumococcal Infections
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients1 February 2000Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Invasive Pneumococcal InfectionsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-3-200002010-00029 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?The pneumococcus is one of many bacteria that attack persons infected with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Persons without HIV get pneumococcal infections; however, in areas where many persons are living with HIV, a sizable proportion of invasive infection with this bacterium now occurs in such persons. “Invasive” means that the infection is in a normally bacteria-free area, such as spinal fluid or blood; invasive infections are more serious. Many HIV-related illnesses are decreasing as better treatments for HIV develop, but little is known about what is ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Epidemiologic Relation between HIV and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in San Francisco County, California.” It is in the 1 February 1999 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 132, pages 182-190). The authors are J.P. Nuorti, J.C. Butler, L. Gelling, J.L. Kool, A.L. Reingold, and D.J. Vugia.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEpidemiologic Relation between HIV and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in San Francisco County, California J. Pekka Nuorti , Jay C. Butler , Lisa Gelling , Jacob L. Kool , Arthur L. Reingold , and Duc J. Vugia Metrics 1 February 2000Volume 132, Issue 3Page: 182KeywordsAIDSChildrenDrugsGeographic areasHIVHIV epidemiologyHIV infectionsPediatric infectionsPneumococcusVaccines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Spotlight Issue on Cardiac Protection by Pre- and Postconditioning
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

A Spotlight Issue on Cardiac Protection by Pre-and Postconditioning is scheduled to appear in May, 2006.Preconditioning protects myocardial tissue through adaptive mechanisms exerted primarily during ischemia.However, postconditioning, by the very nature of its application at the onset of reperfusion, exerts protection during very early reperfusion.Signaling mechanisms and the degree of protection with respect to endothelial dysfunction, local inflammatory responses, infarction, and apoptosis are similar between the two cardioprotective strategies.Postconditioning not only confers great therapeutic promise but also sheds new light on the nature of reperfusion injury.Preliminary topics of invited review articles related to pre-and postconditioning include:
Environmental Physiology
Authors: A. W. Squires
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the editorial comments on "Environmental Physiology" in the current May 6 issue ofThe Journal, I was distressed to encounter the word "comprised" in line 7 of the second column on page 443. Misuse of that word by run-ofthe-mill authors has become regrettably commonplace, but one rather likes to believe that editors of distinguished journals are too knowing to commit an error so gross. By derivation and the usage of centuries, "comprise" can have no meaning other than "include," "involve," "contain," "imply," "embrace," or "consist of." It never is properly accompanied by the preposition "of"; such intimacy is the exclusive right of another word, "compose." Now that it has been mentioned, you surely realize that the sentence should have read either "acclimatization to heat comprises..." or "acclimatization to heat is composed of..." It would be gratifying indeed if so notable a publication asThe Journalcould
FATAL OIL EMBOLISM FROM SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF OLIVE-OIL—LEUBE'S METHOD.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Prison Patient
Authors: Matthew D.S. Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 June 1998The Prison PatientMatthew D.S. Klein, MDMatthew D.S. Klein, MDBridgton, ME 04009Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Bellin proposes interesting solutions to the ethical dilemma encountered by Bennett, the prison physician. The young Bennett believes that his patient's well-being is his prime responsibility. In the prison, he encounters a challenge to that ethic for the first time-that his patient's health may infringe on societal tranquility.At Rikers Island, Bennett would have been forbidden to learn Masterson's criminal record. But to mandate physicians' ignorance of their patients' criminal records is to simplify ethical dilemmas by ignoring them. Bennett was in a position to alter a recidivistic pedophile's behavior. He was forced to question his patient's ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Matthew D.S. Klein, MDAffiliations: Bridgton, ME 04009 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1050KeywordsAlcoholsBehaviorDementia ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Interactive Perspective: Drug Development and FDA Approval, 1938–2013
Authors: Rashid Ansumana, Kathryn Jacobsen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Interactive Perspective: Drug Development and FDA Approval, 1938-2013 (June 26, 2014;370:e39). The order of authors was incorrect; Dr. Darrow should have been listed first, and Dr. Kesselheim second. The article is correct at NEJM.org.
Fetal and Neonatal Death: A Survey of the Incidence, Etiology, and Anatomic Manifestations of the Conditions Producing Death of the Fetus in Utero and the Infant in the Early Days of Life
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Medical School admissions dilemma. Damned if you do, damned if you don't
Authors: F. J. Ramsay
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THERE was a time when admitting a candidate to medical school was a relatively simple and straightforward proposition. The number of acceptable applicants roughly corresponded to the number of available places. Admissions of women and minorities were, for the most part, concentrated in the three schools that "specialized" in educating these students (Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania, Howard University College of Medicine, and Meharry Medical College School of Medicine). However, in the past two decades medical education has experienced changes of almost cataclysmic proportions—in curricular content, facilities, faculties, and the numbers and kinds of students enrolled. At the same time, the cost of educating physicians has skyrocketed, which in turn has required increased federal support, and that has inevitably been accompanied by increased regulatory restraints and an unprecedented measure of control. Since 1956, the number of places available in the first year of medical school has doubled while the number
Cytomegalovirus infection among employees of a children's hospital. No evidence for increased risk associated with patient care
Authors: K. B. Balcarek
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Employees of a children's hospital were studied to determine the prevalence of antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the incidence of CMV infection between 1984 and 1988 in relation to patient contact. At enrollment, 783 (63%) of 1250 employees had antibody to CMV. By logistic regression analysis, age greater than 30 years, black race, fewer than 16 years of education, employment for more than 1 year, female sex, and being married were each associated with seropositivity at enrollment. Three hundred workers who were seronegative initially were followed up; 13 seroconverted over a median follow-up interval of 1.96 years, 2.2% per year. Administrative, patient-care, laboratory, and support personnel were included among seroconverters. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of CMV infection when employees were grouped by job type, number of hours per week of patient contact, or nursing unit. The incidence of CMV among employees of a children's hospital was similar to the rate expected for the general population. Risk of CMV infection was not increased by patient contact in this setting. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:840-844)
Impaired splenic function in liver cirrhosis: a study in 69 patients with cirrhosis from outpatient hepatology clinic in a tertiary hospital in northern Greece
Authors: Lamprini Kirkineska, Dimitrios Katsampoukas, Stamatia Georga, Xenia Kevrekidou, Vasilios Perifanis, Eustratios Moralidis, Georgios Arsos, Themistokis Vasileiadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Diabetic Brattleboro Rat honored at conference
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THU0547 Characterization of a group of 12 patients with mevalonate kinase deficiency: symptoms and treatment with il-1 inhibitors
Authors: A Kozlova, V Burlakov, N Kuzmenko, S Zimin, T Varlamova, O Barabanova, E Raikina, A Shcherbina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a rare autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in MVK gene. MKD patients typically have an early onset of symptoms including recurrent episodes of high fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting, arthralgia and lymphadenopathy (AIDAI criteria for HIDS). However not all patients have typical symptoms at the time of onset. MKD treatment remains an unsolved problem, since none of the modalities previously used for MKD treatment are fully effective in the disease control. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical features of twelve patients (6 females, 6 males) with genetically confirmed MKD. Nine patients received therapy with inhibitors of IL-1 (Anakinra and/or Canakinumab). One of the patients died from amyloidosis and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) prior to treatment initiation, her diagnosis was verified <i>post mortem</i>. <h3>Results</h3> Ten patients had manifested within the first 6 months of life, one – at the age of 1.5 years, one – at three years of age,. During the course of the disease all patients had periodic fever and peripheral lymphadenopathy (mainly cervical group), as well as abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting. Five patients had diarrhea, sometimes with blood, one patient suffered from severe constipation. Rash was seen in eight patients, myalgia, artralgia were observed only in six. Oral ulcers were noted in seven children. Three patients had neurological involvement, one patient had it as the main symptom. One patient had periorbital edema and hyperemia during attacks, which to our knowledge, have not been reported previously in MKD. One patient developed amyloidosis and MAS before IL1 inhibitor treatment initiation, which led to her death. In patients receiving anti-IL-1 therapy AIDAI index decreased from 58.3±11,2 before to 1,5±1,4 after 6 month of therapy (p=0.003). <h3>Conclusions</h3> MKD symptoms can be variable and sometimes atypical, which requires physician9s awareness. In our cohort of MKD patients anti IL-1 therapy was highly effective. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Circulating tumor DNA-targeted sequencing to reveal germline and somatic alterations that can guide decision-making in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Baijun Dong, Liancheng Fan, Bin Yang, Wei Chen, Yonghong Li, Kaijie Wu, Fengbo Zhang, Haiying Dong, Huihua Cheng, Yining Yang, Lei Li, Xudong Yao, Wei Xue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

e17556 Background: The genomic landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is dynamic with the application of multiple treatments. The circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which reveals germline and somatic alterations, provides a mini-invasive tool for monitoring tumor evolution. Methods: We performed an exploratory analysis of 299 ctDNA samples from 8 centers through application of multiple-gene deep targeted sequencing. Results: The most common recurrent genomic alterations were in AR(34.7%), TP53(18.9%), CDK12(15.4%), BRCA2(13.3%), and the majority of these clinically actionable gene alterations were identified in somatic level (CDK12 100% in somatic). The results showed the frequency of AR amplification and TP53 defect significantly increased in post-second and later line treatment group compared with treatment-naive group. AR amplification and TP53 or RB1 defect were associated with resistance to abiraterone or docetaxel. CDK12 was more frequently altered in our cohort than those in previous reports which mainly focused on Caucasian population. The patients with CDK12 defect showed rapid resistance to abiraterone and limited efficacy of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, these patients seemed to benefit from chemotherapy, especially platinum-based chemotherapy. Conclusions: This multi-institutional real-world study explored the genomic landscape and captured the significant diversity of mCRPC at different treatment stages by liquid biopsy. These findings established genomic drivers associated with resistance to multiple treatments (including PARPi and platinum-based chemotherapy) in mCRPC. Hence, ctDNA targeted sequencing can help guide clinical decision making in mCRPC throughout the whole treatment process. CDK12 might be able to be a novel predictive biomarker to guide treatment selection in mCRPC.
Ten year treatment outcomes of radical prostatectomy vs external beam radiation therapy vs brachytherapy for 1,503 patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer.
Authors: Barry W. Goy, Raoul J. Burchette, Margaret Swenson Soper, Tangel C. Chang, Harry A. Cosmatos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

5079 Background: To compare 10-year treatment outcomes of radical prostatectomy (RP) vs external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) vs brachytherapy (BT) for patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer (IRPC). Methods: A retrospective analysis using propensity score matching was performed on 1,503 IRPC patients who underwent treatment from 2004 to 2007. 819 underwent RP, 574 underwent EBRT to a median dose of 75.3 Gray, and 110 underwent BT using iodine-125. Biochemical failure was defined by the American Urological Association (AUA) definition of prostate specific antigen (PSA) failure for RP patients, and the American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) - Phoenix definition for the EBRT and BT patients. Results: Median follow up was 10.0 years for RP, 9.6 for EBRT, and 9.8 for BT (range 1.0-13.4 years). With RP 76.3% had Gleason score 7 vs 72.8% for EBRT vs 57.3% for BT, p = 0.0001. Median initial PSA was 7.4 for RP, 9.4 for EBRT, and 8.3 for BT, p < 0.0001. Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy was given in 58.9% of EBRT patients vs 12.7% of BT vs 0.6% for RP, p < 0.0001. Only 14% of BT received supplemental external radiation. The 10-year freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF) was 82.0% for BT vs 58.0% for RP vs 58.8% for EBRT, p < 0.0001. Subset analysis of unfavorable IRPC patients showed a 10 year FFBF of 81.6% for BT vs 55.8% for RP vs 51.0% for EBRT, p < 0.0001. The 10-year freedom from salvage therapy was 89.5% for BT vs 64.0% for RP vs 73.4% for EBRT, p < 0.0001. There were no significant differences in distant metastases-free survival, prostate cancer-specific survival, or overall survival after adjusting for age. Multivariable analysis between pairwise groups with BT balanced by stabilized inverse probability of treatment weights showed that BT remained an independent predictor for improved FFBF, p = 0.049 for BT vs EBRT, and p < 0.0001 for BT vs RP. Conclusions: Brachytherapy using iodine-125 is a reasonable treatment option for IRPC patients. Although BT showed improved FFBF after propensity score matching, this did not impact overall survival.
Myocardial viability by dobutamine stress echocardiography predicts improvement in ejection fraction with $beta;-blockade in patients with heart failure: The BEST trial Eric J. Eichhorn, Paul A. Grayburn, Susan Mayer, Martin St John Sutton, Christopher Appleton, Jonathan Plehn, Jae Oh, Barry Greenberg, Anthony DeMaria, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, For The BEST Investigators. UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Clinical Toxicology
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma originates from Barrett esophagus, a metaplastic change in the esophageal epithelium that likely progresses in a step-wise fashion from nondysplastic to low-and high-grade dysplasia before eventually becoming adenocarcinoma.In a multicenter randomized trial involving 136 patients with Barrett esophagus containing low-grade dysplasia, Phoa and colleagues found that compared with endoscopic sur veillance, endoscopic radiofrequency ablation reduced the risk of progression to high-grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma.In an Editorial, Mönkemüller discusses the treatment of Barrett esophagus with low-grade dysplasia.
Cryosurgery: New Clinical Applications
Journal: JAMA (1966)

New clinical applications of cryosurgery, reported this month at a meeting in Boston, include treatment for chronic cervicitis and Meniere's disease. In the latter case, cryosurgery may relieve vertigo by partial destruction of semicircular canal function. Freezing techniques were also reported which may be used in preference to surgical excision in peridontal diseases, thus preventing tooth loss in some instances. In addition to these clinical findings, investigators working with rabbits have noted that cryosurgery causes formation of tissue-specific autoantibodies. During the opening session of the third annual meeting of the Society for Cryobiology, Frank P. Paloucek, MD, said that cryosurgery was virtually 100% effective in treatment of a group of 70 patients with chronic cervicitis. Dr. Paloucek, associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology, State University of New York at Buffalo, said that the cryosurgical instrument, similar to one employed for treating cancer of the prostate, has a freezing area approximately