tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erratum:
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

In footnote "*" of Table 1, line 1, on page 1234, the definition for IFL should read as follows: "irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin."The sentences in lines 3 -7, left column, on page 1235, should read as follows: "The cytotoxic agents administered varied with tumor type; however, 1647 (94%) of the 1745 patients received a fluoropyrimidine-based therapy (5fluorouracil or capecitabine).In addition, 668 (69%) of the bevacizumab-treated patients received it at a dose intensity of 2.5 mg/kg per week and 259 (31%) received it at 5 mg/ kg per week."The last sentence on page 1236 that continues to page 1237 should read as follows: "One hundred twenty-nine (58.6%) of the 220 aspirin users compared with 489 (32.1%) of the 1525 aspirin nonusers were aged 65 years or older."In Table 3, on page 1237, the statement " P values (two-sided) from Wald ' s test" should be moved from the end of footnote "*" to the end of the footnote " † ."The authors and the Journal regret these errors.
Screening for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Karen J. Carlson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 January 1995Screening for Ovarian CancerKaren J. Carlson and Daniel E. SingerKaren J. CarlsonSearch for more papers by this author and Daniel E. SingerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:One reason for doing a bimanual pelvic examination to screen for ovarian cancer in asymptomatic women is the possibility that a highly skilled examiner may detect early-stage ovarian cancer, although only limited scientific evidence suggests that even highly skilled examiners can detect this cancer. Lacking better data, our clinical practice is to make an individualized decision about how frequently to do a screening bimanual pelvic examination for each woman. This decision considers the patient's risk factors for ovarian cancer, preferences, factors affecting the accuracy of the examination (such as obesity), and comorbid illnesses and their complexity. In practice, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Karen J. Carlson; Daniel E. Singer PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byResistance to chemotherapy among ethnic and racial groups: Health disparities perspective in gynecologic cancers 15 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 2Page: 155KeywordsCancer risk factorsCancer screeningMedical risk factorsObesityOvarian cancerOvaries ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Toward the Twenty-First Century: Lessons from Lead and Lessons Yet to Learn
Authors: Ellen K. Silbergeld
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A consideration of recent research on lead is instructive for developing research strategies in environmental toxicology. Lead research has demonstrated fruitful interactions between clinical and basic science. Thus, while epidemiological studies have suggested that central nervous system (CNS) effects in children are observed at the lowest increments of lead exposure, basic research has elucidated some of the molecular events that underly this lack of threshold at the neuronal level. Similarly, clinical studies indicate that early exposure to lead produces functionally irreversible damage to the CNS; experimental research demonstrates that this irreversibility may involve failure to remove lead from brain, permanent effects on synaptogenesis; and chelant-induced redistribution of lead from the periphery to the CNS. Lead toxicokinetics demand reevaluation. New data on release of bone stores of lead during physiological conditions of demineralization indicate that mobilization of bone lead adds to in utero exposure of the fetus. Furthermore, postmenopausal demineralization of bone can increase blood lead levels in women by 25%; this raises concern about the potential effects of lead in an aging population and the difficulties in comprehensive exposure assessment.
Maternal mortality in women aged 35 years or older: United States
Authors: J. W. Buehler
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To examine maternal mortality among women aged 35 years or older, we used death certificates from the United States for 1974 through 1978. There were 425 maternal deaths, corresponding to a mortality rate of 58.3 deaths per 100,000 live births. This rate was higher than the rate for women 20 through 34 years of age (race-adjusted relative risk [RR]=4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6 to 4.4). The leading causes of death were obstetric hemorrhage and embolism. Black women had higher mortality rates than white women for deaths without abortive outcomes (RR=3.3; CI, 2.7 to 4.1) and with abortive outcomes (RR=9.4; 95% CI, 5.8 to 15.3), and the latter difference was largely due to a higher rate of deaths associated with ectopic pregnancy among black women. From 1974 through 1978, compared with 1982, maternal mortality rates for women aged 35 years or older reported by the National Center for Health Statistics declined approximately 50%. Among white women, changes in age and parity accounted for less than half of this decrease, suggesting that improvements have occurred in age- and parityspecific mortality for women aged 35 years or older. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:53-57)
Liaison psychiatry
Authors: Ignasi Agell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ignasi Agell explains this branch of psychiatry in the United Kingdom At medical school, your experience of psychiatry is mainly limited to an attachment to a psychiatric service, which is likely to be in general adult psychiatry. Spending occasional time in clinics and on ward rounds trying to elicit symptoms may have given you the impression that you will never use these skills after your exams, unless you want to be a psychiatrist. Nothing could be further from the truth because psychiatric problems are present in all branches of medicine.
Crushing Injury
Authors: E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: BMJ (1942)

In the heavy air raids on London in the autumn of 1940 we attended some patients who had been pinned for several hours underneath the debris of their own bombed houses.Shock was present, which responded adequately to trans- fusion: the limb which had been compressed was found to be swollen and sometimes pulseless.To our surprise these patients developed renal failure with casts in the scanty urine and died in uraemia about the seventh day.This appeared to us at that time a s
Amphetamine
Authors: T. G. Reah
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> High-quality postabortion care (PAC) services that include family planning counseling and a full range of contraceptives at point of treatment for abortion complications have great potential to break the cycle of repeat unintended pregnancies and demand for abortions. We describe the first application of a systematic approach to quality improvement of PAC services in a West African country. This approach—IntraHealth International’s Optimizing Performance and Quality (OPQ) approach—was applied at 5 health care facilities in Togo starting in November 2014. A baseline assessment identified the following needs: reorganizing services to ensure that contraceptives are provided at point of treatment for abortion complications, before PAC clients are discharged; improving provider competencies in family planning services, including in providing long-acting reversible contraceptive implants and intrauterine devices; ensuring that contraceptive methods are available to all PAC clients free of charge; standardizing PAC registers and enhancing data collection and reporting systems; enhancing internal supervision systems at facilities and teamwork among PAC providers; and engaging PAC providers in community talks. Solutions devised and applied at the facilities during OPQ resulted in significant increases in contraceptive counseling and uptake among PAC clients: During the 5-month baseline period, 31% of PAC clients were counseled, while during the 13-month intervention period, 91% were counseled. Of all PAC clients counseled during the baseline period, 37% accepted a contraceptive, compared with 60% of those counseled during the intervention period. Oral contraceptive pills remained the most popular method during both periods, yet uptake of implants increased significantly during the intervention period—from 4% to 27% of those accepting contraceptives. This result demonstrates that the solutions applied maintained method choice while expanding access to underused long-acting reversible contraceptives. OPQ shows great potential for sustainability and scale in Togo and for application in similar contexts where the health system struggles to offer safe, high-quality, accessible PAC services.
Legionellosis
Authors: Janet E. Stout, Victor L. Yu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Legionnaires' disease was first recognized during an outbreak of pneumonia involving delegates to the 1976 American Legion convention at a Philadelphia hotel. Full appreciation of its role other than as an exotic pathogen has only come in the past several years. As diagnostic methods have improved and epidemiologic understanding of its reservoir has been exploited, legionella has been found to be a common cause of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia. Many excellent reviews have been published,14 so this review will focus on newer findings.EpidemiologyCommunity-Acquired PneumoniaOutbreaks of legionnaires' disease in hotels, cruise ships, and office buildings continue to . . .
Peptic ulceration and antiulcer drugs
Authors: Patchett Se, L T Izak Em -Alstead Hum, N Davies, H Kynaston, Taylor Jenkins
Journal: Gut (1992)

The cltering of dudenal adenomas and cancers aound the anpulla of Vater in patits with fmilial adomatous polyposis (FAP) suggests that bile is important in the development of thes tumours.Several reports indicate that this may be due to the greater cogenic potential of bile from polyposis patents.Te aim of this study was to emin the effect of bile from polyposis patients (n-5) and from control patints (n-5) on the induction of ornithine dcrboxylae (ODC) advity in a colorectal cancer cel line (Caco- 2).Caco-2 cels were i d for 4 hours in medium with and without PAP bile or normal bile at a concenation of l:500(vol/vol).Gastdn (501g/ml), a known inducer of ODC in Caco-2 cells.wasused as a positive control.Following incubation, medium was decanted and cells scrped and sonicated.ODC activity was measured using a [14cJ-ornithine bioassay and results expressed in pmollmg protein/h.Rmf n Median Ranige Caco2 control 12 87 25-121 Caco-2 + normal bile 12 243 55-532 Caco-2+ FAP bil 12 169 97-629 Caco-2 + atrn 12 440 350-665FAP bile and normal bile significandy increase ODC activity when compared to control (p<0.02).However, no significant difference between FAP bile-and normal bile was observed (p=0.4).Induction of ODC with bile was significantly less than that observed with gastrin (p<0.01).Thes results suggest that e ability of bile to smulate polyamine production is not Auther enhanced by bile from polyposis patients.
Long-term efficacy and safety of cyclosporin in severe adult atopic dermatitis
Authors: J. BERTH-JONES, R.A.C. GRAHAM-BROWN, R. MARKS, R.D.R. CAMP, J.S.C. ENGLISH, K. FREEMAN, C.A. HOLDEN, S.C.F. ROGERS, S. OLIWIECKI, P.S. FRIEDMANN, M.S. LEWIS-JONES, C.B. ARCHER, B. ADRIAANS, W.S. DOUGLAS, B.R. ALLEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)
Youths Recognize Costs of Smoking
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients notified in England and Wales in 1978-9: chemotherapy and hospital admission. Medical Research Council Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases Unit.
Authors: Wallace Fox, M Humphries, A Nunn
Journal: Thorax (1985)

The treatment of adult patients, both white and of Indian, Pakistani, or Bangladeshi ethnic origin, with previously untreated pulmonary tuberculosis who were notified in England and Wales from 1 October 1978 to 31 March 1979 has been surveyed. Chemotherapy was completed as planned by the physician in charge in 820 (65%) of the 1253 patients. Eleven per cent of patients died before chemotherapy could be completed, 8% defaulted, and 6% had chemotherapy modified because of drug toxicity, and for 8% there were miscellaneous reasons for failure to complete chemotherapy. Of the 1003 patients who completed chemotherapy, 804 (80%) were prescribed isoniazid and rifampicin throughout, 667 (67%) receiving ethambutol in addition, either in the initial phase (550) or throughout chemotherapy (117). A further 129 (13%) had a regimen based on isoniazid and ethambutol throughout, and the remaining 70 had miscellaneous combinations of drugs. For the 544 patients who received a two phase regimen of isoniazid and rifampicin throughout with one or two additional drugs initially and who completed chemotherapy as planned, the median duration of chemotherapy was 10.8 months, 122 (22%) patients being treated for more than 12 months. For all 1001 patients who completed chemotherapy (whether or not as planned) and for whom the duration was known, the median duration was 11.8 months and 311 (31%) had more than 12 months' treatment. The great majority (79%) of the patients were admitted to hospital initially, the commonest reason being for investigation and diagnosis.
The Treatment of Burns
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PUERPERAL ECLAMPSIA.
Authors: T. J. BEATTIE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In selecting this subject for a brief paper I do so because it is a condition that can not be discussed too often. It is only necessary to glance over the literature to satisfy one that the etiology of puerperal eclampsia is still a mooted question. Lever (from the reports of the Guy Hospital, in 1843) was the first to trace any connection between eclamptic attacks and the excretion of albuminous urine. After it became known that the urine of patients suffering from convulsions contained albumin, and they had some of the other symptoms of uremia, it was very generally considered that these patients were suffering from some form of Bright's disease. Frerichs' theory that uremia is caused from the decomposition of retained urea into carbonate of ammonia, and Traube's theory that uremia is produced in hydremic persons by a sudden increased tension of the aorta, and cerebral edema and
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Day-to-day readiness of emergency departments (EDs) aff ects disaster planning and response and patient safety.Gausche-Hill and colleagues examine the compliance with national guidelines for pediatric readiness of all EDs in the United States.Of the 4149 EDs responding, readiness was better in higher-volume sites and those with physician and nurse pediatric emergency care coordinators.In their accompanying editorial, Alessandrini and Wright discuss the importance of performance measures for ED care.
Overview of the Risk of Respiratory Cancer from Airborne Contaminants
Authors: Frank E. Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This overview on defining risk of respiratory cancer from airborne pollutants summarizes broad issues related to a number of the environmental agents that are discussed in the articles that follow. Lung cancer kills more than 100,000 people annually and is the major form of cancer in both sexes in middle age. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of respiratory cancer and must be taken into account in any study of the effect of an environmental agent on the risk of respiratory cancer, particularly at relatively low levels of excess risk (RR greater than 1.0 but less than 2.0). The agents considered in this series all have the potential for widespread community exposures, either because there is widespread long-term exposure (passive smoking), the agents are direct byproducts of energy consumption (organic particles), have ubiquitous production and use patterns (formaldehyde and fibers), or occur widely in natural settings (radon). Several issues--measurement of exposure, latency, confounding factors and bias, extrapolation from animals to humans, population at risk, and attributable risk--must be considered for each agent. A further issue related to exposure estimates is the relationship of exposure to actual dose. Understanding exposure some 25 to 40 years in the past is important because of the prolonged latency period in the development of respiratory cancers. To the degree that these agents act synergistically with smoking, the reduction of smoking or of exposure to these agents may have greater public health consequences than would be anticipated from the directly measured attributable risk of each of these agents separately.
Early Phagocytosis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)-Deficient Erythrocytes Parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum May Explain Malaria Protection in G6PD Deficiency
Authors: Marina Cappadoro, Giuliana Giribaldi, Estella O'Brien, Franco Turrini, Franca Mannu, Daniela Ulliers, Gino Simula, Lucio Luzzatto, Paolo Arese
Journal: Blood (1998)
New Truths in Ophthalmology
Journal: JAMA (1896)

MORE than four years ago I became convinced from observation that a revolution of the eyes, on their antero-pos- terior axes of rotation, for the improvement of vision, occurs in all cases of oblique astigmatism.This conviction led me to develop a theory of revolution, which I made public for the first time in a paper entitled " The Function of the Oblique Muscles in Certain Cases of Astigmatism," read be- fore the Section of Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, at its Chicago meeting in 1887.A year later I wrote a second paper in reply to a paper on " Binocular Astigmatism," read by Dr. H.
Cases in the Hospital Practice of T. M. Greenhow, Esq., Senior Surgeon to the Newcastle-On-Tyne Infirmary
Authors: C. J. Gibb
Journal: BMJ (1846)

this operation, and for some houirs after, a free use was made of a decoction of seneka, as a stimnulant diaphoretic.Her respirationi began to imiipr ove inime- diately on vomiiting, and at the end of abouit four hours, it was comnparatively good ; the skin openi, natural warmtlh restored, and the circulation equalized.The patient wvas then put upon the use of the follow- ing powder: R. Pulv.Ipecac.Comp., scr.j; Hydrarg.Chlorid.scr, j.; Camphor.Pulv., grs.xij.M. Ft. chart.No.
Human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing. A description of practices and policies at US infectious disease-teaching hospitals and Minnesota hospitals
Authors: K Henry, K Willenbring, K Crossley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A questionnaire that asked about policies concerning the use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests was sent in January 1987 to the 200 hospitals in the United States that conduct infectious disease (ID) fellowship training (US ID hospitals) and to all 171 short-term-care Minnesota hospitals. Information was received from 189 of the US ID hospitals (94.5%) and from 160 (94%) of the Minnesota hospitals. Only 49% of the US ID hospitals and 37% of the Minnesota hospitals had an HIV antibody test-ordering policy; 47% of the US ID hospitals and 39% of the Minnesota hospitals had a specific educational program for physicians about the HIV antibody test; and 62% of the US ID hospitals and 41% of the Minnesota hospitals had an HIV autopsy policy. Marked variety existed in approaches to handling test results, obtaining patient consent, and providing risk-reduction information among the hospitals surveyed. These data suggest the need for a consensus on optimal use of HIV antibody testing at hospitals.In 1987 the authors conducted a survey of practices and policies concerning human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody testing at 189 United States hospitals with infectious disease fellowship programs and at 160 short-term care Minnesota hospitals. The survey questions pertained to HIV antibody test ordering policies, specific physician education programs about the HIV antibody test, informed consent to testing, specific HIV antibody test consent forms, and providing patients with risk reduction information. The marked differences in the handling of test results raise concerns about confidentiality. Because of significant policy differences among hospitals revealed by the survey, the authors urge that a consensus be sought that would provide guidance on the issues raised at both state and national levels.