tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predictors of prostate cancer-specific mortality following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy
Authors: P. Zhou, M.-H. Chen, D. McLeod, P. R. Carroll, J. W. Moul, A. V. D’Amico
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4548 Background: PSA-defined recurrence as far out as 10 years following radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiation therapy (RT) for men with clinically localized prostate cancer occurs in up to 30% of cases. Yet a minority of these men will experience prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). This study was performed to define the predictors of PCSM following PSA failure. Methods: A total of 1159 men with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with RP (N = 498) or RT (N = 661) developed PSA failure and they formed the study cohort. The median follow-up was 5.9 and 5.2 years for the RP and RT groups, respectively. Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate whether previously identified predictors of time to metastasis including post-treatment PSA doubling time (PSA-DT), Gleason score, and interval to PSA failure could also predict time to PCSM following PSA failure. Cumulative incidence method was used to estimate PCSM following PSA failure. Results: The post-treatment PSA-DT < 3 months after RP or RT and a biopsy Gleason score ≥ 8 in patients treated with RT were significantly associated with time to PCSM following PSA failure (Table). Postoperative estimates of PCSM (95% CI) 5 years following PSA failure were 31% (17–45%) versus 1% (0–2%) for patients with a PSA-DT < 3 months versus ≥ 3 months, respectively. Post-RT estimates of PCSM 5 years following PSA failure were 75% (59–92%) versus 35% (24–47%) for patients with a biopsy Gleason ≥ 8 versus ≤ 7 and a PSA-DT < 3 months; these estimates were 15% (0.8–28%) versus 4% (1–6%) for patients with a PSA-DT ≥ 3 months. Conclusions: Patients at high risk for PCSM following PSA failure can be identified based on the post-RP PSA-DT or the post-RT PSA-DT and biopsy Gleason score. These parameters identify the optimal patient selection for a randomized trial evaluating hormonal therapy with or without Taxotere. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Are human immunodeficiency virus test reports clear to clinicians?
Authors: D. P. Drotman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

All physicians, regardless of their specialty, will be ordering and interpreting larger numbers of tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the near future. Estimates provided by nearly 1000 US laboratories enrolled in the Centers for Disease Control's Model Performance Evaluation Program for HIV-1 antibody testing<sup>1</sup>indicate that these laboratories performed between 23 and 32 million tests for HIV-1 antibody in 1988. The reasons for increased HIV testing are manifold. Not only are millions of HIV antibody tests being performed in mandated screening programs (such as those for blood donors and military recruit applicants), but clinical uses of the test are also on the rise. The availability of effective medical intervention at earlier stages of HIV infection, such as the administration of zidovudine to patients who are asymptomatically infected to prevent onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the recommendation to use sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim or aerosolized pentamidine for<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>
Changes in Bone Density With Lactation
Authors: Audrey Naylor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Sowers et al<sup>1</sup>has unfortunately resulted in some misleading headlines in the world press<sup>2</sup>suggesting that breast-feeding causes irreversible maternal bone loss. These articles are not justified by the study by Sowers et al, which clearly shows that bone density returns to normal after weaning. Sowers et al state, "At the 12-month examination among those who weaned between 6 and 9 months, the average spine and femoral BMD [bone mineral density] values had returned to the baseline value." This return to baseline bone mass between 6 and 12 months after weaning has also been reported by others.<sup>3,4</sup> Despite their findings, Sowers et al<sup>1</sup>imply a reason for concern when they report, without sufficient explanation, that the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck of those women who continued to breast-feed more than 9 months had increased
Silicone
Authors: A. H. Rathjen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to the article, "Injectable Fluid Silicone Therapy— Human Morbidity and Mortality" (234:308, 1975). Considering that my name, as a representative of the Dow Corning Corporation, appears in a footnote as one who "assisted in the preparation of this article," I believe I have an obligation to the medical community to clarify and place in more accurate perspective certain findings and comments expressed by the authors. At the request of two of the authors, we agreed to run an assay for silicon on two different biopsy specimens to verify the presence of silicon. It is important to understand that these two assays showed the parts-per-million presence of silicon, not dimethyl, phenylmethyl, or any other variation of silicone fluid; nor is there any known method to identify a specific brand or manufacturer. The article identified certain materials with incorrect nonproprietary names and Dow Corning trademarks for a
Improving the Quality of Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Colin Begg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

THE RANDOMIZED controlled trial (RCT), more than any other methodology, can have a powerful and immediate impact on patient care. Ideally, the report of such an evaluation needs to convey to the reader relevant information concerning the design, conduct, analysis, and generalizability of the trial. This information should provide the reader with the ability to make informed judgments regarding the internal and external validity of the trial. Accurate and complete reporting also benefits editors and reviewers in their deliberations regarding submitted manuscripts. For RCTs to ultimately benefit patients, the published report should be of the highest possible standard. <h3>For editorial comment see p 649.</h3> Evidence produced repeatedly over the last 30 years indicates a wide chasm between what a trial should report and what is actually published in the literature. In a review of 71 RCTs with negative results published between 1960 and 1975, the authors reported that the vast
Commentary
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allergy abstracts
Authors: David Stein Suffern, Harold Friedman, Andre Codispoti Suflern, N Monroe, Coleman Sfamford, C Glendora, Calif Eugene, Walzer Bridgeport, N Middleton, N Sheldon Berger Freehold, Y Robert, Jersey Lin, N City, Kahn Bert, Tex Tyler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1984)
Assessing Clinical Performance
Authors: W. Dale Dauphinee
Journal: JAMA (1995)

During the past decade the field of clinical assessment has demonstrated a clear move away from dependence on pencil and paper tests and the multiple-choice format as measures of predicting clinical competence to assessing what physicians do in the real world of practice.<sup>1</sup>This change is reflected in the orientation of numerous conferences on newer approaches to clinical assessment.<sup>2-5</sup> See also p 735. Among the many reasons for this shift are the increasing feasibility of administering large-scale, multicenter performance tests and the documented improvement in the measurement qualities of performance-based tests. These tests include the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), in which candidates proceed through multiple, timed, independent stations designed to assess predetermined clinical skills, and the use of standardized patients (SPs), that is, lay people who are trained to simulate a variety of medical problems in a consistent, reliable, and realistic manner. Another reason for the shift
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in the medical management of unstable ischemic syndromes without persistent ST segment elevation: A meta-analysis of the randomized trials Marco Roffi, Derek P. Chew, Debabrata Mukherjee, Deepak L. Bhatt, Mark A. Robbins, Eric J. Topol. Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Toxicology
Authors: Joseph T. Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

IT HAS been just seventy-five years since the publication of regular medical progress reports was first instituted in the Boston Medical & Surgical Journal, the first paper in this series being on toxicology.1 It is an appropriate occasion to review the subject somewhat broadly and to appraise the significance of the major changes in emphasis that have occurred since that time.Throughout history, and until about a hundred years ago, the body of knowledge comprising toxicology dealt almost exclusively with the practical art of the criminal poisoning of one person by another, and with the mechanisms developed by society . . .
CONGENITAL TEETH.
Authors: E. A. BENTON
Journal: JAMA (1897)

On reading Dr. McKee's article in theJournal of the American Medical Association, page 253, Feb. 6, 1897, I was so impressed with its statements in regard to the etiology, treatment and non-frequency of the cases of congenital teeth, that it seemed to be my duty to register my personal experience in these cases. Dr. McKee says, "this freak of nature has been noticed at wide intervals and with great rarity for a long time." Also "these cases serve as a curiosity for doctors and students, and are a sight many do not see in a lifetime." I had not supposed these cases so rare or so much of a curiosity, for in a practice of thirty years, with a fair obstetrical clientage, I have attended three cases when there were two lower central incisor teeth at birth; and I never failed at these cases, or soon after, while it
Hepatitis C in HIV-infected patients with and without AIDS: Prevalence and relationship to patient survival
Authors: T Wright
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Background: Limited information is available about the prevalence of hepatitis C virus in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in relation to specific risk factors or about the influence of hepatitis C virus coinfection on survival. This retrospective study addressed these questions. Methods: The study population consisted of 512 predominantly non-intravenous drug-using male homosexuals, 224 of whom had AIDS. Samples positive for hepatitis C virus antibody by second-generation enzyme immunoassay were further tested by means of strip immunoblot assay, and for hepatitis C virus RNA by means of polymerase chain reaction amplification. A randomly selected set of enzyme immunoassay-negative samples was also tested for hepatitis C virus RNA and, if hepatitis C virus RNA positive, by a second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection unaccounted for by intravenous drug use or transfusion was 11.7% by enzyme immunoassay, and 87% of sera positive by enzyme immunoassay were also positive by second-generation recombinant immunoblot assay or hepatitis C virus RNA analysis. Hepatitis C virus RNA was detectable in 53% of enzyme immunoassay-positive samples but in only about 1% of enzyme immunoassay-negative samples. Hepatitis C virus coinfection did not influence survival of HIV-infected patients with or without manifestations of AIDS. Conclusions: Hepatitis C virus infection in nontransfused, non-intravenous drug-using patients with HIV infection is several times more prevalent than in volunteer blood donors, suggesting homosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus. About half of patients seropositive for hepatitis C virus antibody have detectable hepatitis C virus RNA, and serologically occult hepatitis C virus viremia is rare. Hepatitis C virus coinfection does not appear to adversely influence survival. (Hepatology 1994;20:1152–1155).
Neurological Effects of Syphilis: Diagnosis and Treatment.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Constitutional Conundrums
Authors: R. S. V. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1964)

qualify themselves in psychiatry, and for doc- tors from overseas.For the aspiring consul- tant membership of one of the Royal Colleges would still be highly desirable.We ourselves believe that it is necessary for the consultant psychiatrist to have a high standard of general medical knowledge; and the physi- cians who sit, and will continue to sit, on selection committees for senior appointments in psychiatry may not be disposed to con- sider the membership of a College of Psychiatrists as equivalent or alternative to a membership of one of the Royal Colleges of Physicians.It has been suggested that a College of Psychiatrists would be the headquarters for, and a stimulus to, research, and you seem to support the contention: but this surely ignores the growing contribution of university departments, the Medical Research Council, and the research foundations which are the traditional promoters of medical research.Psychiatrists who feel that psychiatry lacks prestige cannot simply confer it upon their specialty by administrative action.Profes- sional status must be earned through high standards of clinical practice, scholarship, and scientific achievement.We are not con- vinced that the founding of a College of Psychiatrists would hasten developments in these respects, that it would necessarily be good for psychiatry, or that it would be good for medicine in general.-Weare, etc.,
724. A Comprehensive Map of CNS Transduction by Eight Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Serotypes upon Cerebrospinal Fluid Administration in Pigs
Authors: Nicolina C. Sorrentino, Veronica Maffia, Sandra Strollo, Vincenzo Cacace, Noemi Romagnoli, Anna Manfredi, Domenico Ventrella, Francesco Dondi, Francesca Barone, Massimo Giunti, Anne-Renee Graham, Yan Huang, Susan L. Kalled, Alberto Auricchio, Maria L. Bacci, Enrico M. Surace, Alessandro Fraldi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Gene transfer of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAVs) holds promises to treat neurological disorders. Studies on different recombinant vector serotypes and modes of delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) showed that the combination of both rAAV serotype used and delivery routes play a key role in CNS transduction properties and thus in disease phenotype rescue outcome. However, one of the major hurdles to developing an effective clinical protocol for neurological disorders is the efficiency of vectors to reach the specific cell types in disease-specific CNS subdomains. An attractive vehicle to reach the CNS is represented by the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and different injection techniques (intrathecal cisterna magna, intra-ventricular and intrathecal lumbar injections) actually allow the central nervous system targeting by using the CSF flux. Along these years different AAV serotypes have been tested by intrathecal injections and some of these displayed a very specific tropism for the central nervous system. However, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of transduction patterns of the most promising rAAV serotypes for brain targeting in large animal models is missing. Here, we characterize distribution, transduction efficiency and cellular targeting of rAAV serotypes 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, rh.10, rh.39 and rh.43 delivered into the cisterna magna of wild type pigs. Despite the rAAV9 showed the highest transduction efficiency and the widest distribution capability among the vectors tested, the other serotypes showed a specific distribution pattern from the rostral to the caudal part of the CNS. rAAV9 robustly transduced both glia and neurons, including the motor neurons of the spinal cord. Relevant cell transduction specificity of the glia was observed after rAAV1 and rAAV7 delivery. rAAV7 also displayed a specific tropism to Purkinje cells. Evaluation of biochemical and hematological markers suggested that all rAAV serotypes tested were well tolerated. This study provides a comprehensive CNS transduction map in a useful pre-clinical large animal model enabling the selection of potentially clinically transferable rAAV serotypes based on disease specificity. Therefore, our data are instrumental for the clinical evaluation of these rAAV vectors in human neurodegenerative diseases.
Hematogenous infection in total joint replacement. Recommendations for prophylactic antibiotics
Authors: G. L. Lattimer
Journal: JAMA (1979)

TOTAL joint replacement has been accepted as effective treatment for painful arthritis by the medical community. Indeed, between 1972 and 1976, an estimated 0.5 million joint prostheses were implanted in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Infection of a prosthesis is one of the most serious complications of total joint replacement and is associated with serious morbidity and mortality.<sup>2,3</sup>The pathogenesis of this infection, including portals of bacterial entry, is currently under debate, but evidence is accumulating to suggest that organisms are introduced by two routes: first, by local contamination at the time of surgery,<sup>4</sup>and later, by the hematogenous route.<sup>5-7</sup>Prophylactic antibiotics and local wound care precautions can substantially reduce the incidence of early infections, but appear to have little effect on late sepsis.<sup>8</sup>We report here a case of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>hip sepsis occurring five years after total hip replacement, in association with an infected ulcer
Leads from the MMWR
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tree Extract Acts Against Cancer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: T. Ezaki
Journal: BMJ (1992)

probably more reliable than ultrasonography in deciding who providing an adequate abortion service, and, on average, needs an evacuation of retained products: of 507 scans medical abortions require substantially less time in theatre performed seven days after a medical abortion, 47 suggested than surgical abortions.They are, however, more labour retained products, but only nine of these women needed intensive, and although financial savings have been sug- admission.'gested, no rigorous economic evaluation has yet been per- Mifepristone also seems effective in reducing the physical formed.and emotional trauma of abortion in the second trimester, MICHAEL HEARD whether performed under the Abortion Act8 or for intra- Senior Registrar, uterine death.9It greatly reduces the time that elapses DepartmentofObstetricsandGynaecology, between the administration of vaginal gemeprost and abor- University College Hospital, tion, making this possible within a day care setting.