tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bronchogenic carcinoma. General introduction
Authors: P. Rubin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Carcinoma the lung is the number one killer of men who die of malignant disease. According to the American Cancer Society (personal communication, Aug 5, 1965), it accounted for 43,568 deaths in 1963, of which 36,980 were in men. Its peak incidence is in men 50 to 60 years of age and more deaths are due to lung cancer than to all other respiratory diseases. The increase in the number of lung cancers is real and rising (Fig 1). It is not simply due to better records or earlier diagnoses. This state of affairs is reaching alarming proportions and has triggered off extensive epidemiologic and laboratory studies. The facts clearly implicate environmental factors rather than hereditary or individual characteristics as the cause of lung cancer. The knowledge that cancer and cigarette smoking are related is generally recognized. Doll<sup>1</sup>states that, in the absence of smoking, the total male mortality
ENDOGENOUS URIC ACID
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Rare Form of Anti-M Antibody Associated With Pregnancy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laser-CT scanner-computer linkups hint of neurosurgery of future
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Layer by layer, in a kind of horizontal slicing approach, a laser vaporizes the cells of a brain tumor. Following a neoplasm's irregular contours deep within a brain is a demanding task, yet the neurosurgeon's hands never waver. In fact, those hands will not touch either the laser or the patient during this phase of microsurgery, unless bleeding or some other complication arises. Instead, the laser is directed by a computer that, thanks to a tomographic stereotactic system, has constructed a three-dimensional map of the tumor. Now, using that three-D model as its guide, the computer is directing the laser more precisely than any human could ever do.... No, this human-hands-off, completely computer-controlled approach hasn't yet become part of neurosurgery. But it is the stuff from which tomorrow's journal articles may be compiled. One person who sees such automated laser surgery on the horizon is Patrick J. Kelly, MD, associate
Roles of Retinoids and Their Nuclear Receptors in the Development and Prevention of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancers
Authors: Reuben Lotan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Vitamin A analogs (retinoids) suppress oral and lung carcinogenesis in animal models and prevent the development of second primary tumors in head, neck, and lung cancer patients.These effects result from changes in the expression of genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation.Retinoic acid receptors (RARs; -a, -P, and -y) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs; -a, -f, and, -y) are retinoid-activated transcription factors, which mediate effects of retinoids on gene expression.Therefore, alterations in receptor expression or function could interfere with the retinoid signaling pathway and thereby enhance cancer development.We found that the expression of RAR3 was suppressed in more than 50% of oral and lung premalignant lesions in individuals without cancer and in dysplastic lesions adjacent to cancer and in malignant oral and lung carcinomas.The expression of the other receptors was not different among normal, dysplastic, and malignant oral tissues.However, the expression of RARy and RXR3 was somewhat decreased in lung cancers.These results show that RARPi expression is lost at early stages of carcinogenesis in the aerodigestive tract and support the hypothesis that the loss of RARi expression may facilitate the development of some of these cancers.
Estrogen deprivation and vaginal function in postmenopausal women
Authors: J. P. Semmens
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A physiological study of the effects of menopause on vaginal function involving 14 postmenopausal women aged 51 to 70 years is reported. Initial evaluations in the estrogen-deprived state were hormonal and cytological studies, vaginal pH, quantity of vaginal fluid, transvaginal electropotential difference, and vaginal blood flow. A significant fall in vaginal pH and increases in transvaginal potential difference, the quantity of vaginal fluid, and vaginal blood flow were observed after estrogen replacement therapy. The results before and after treatment are compared with norms established for women younger than 40 years. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:445-448)
Omalizumab therapy: patients who achieve greatest benefit for their asthma experience greatest benefit for rhinitis
Authors: M. Humbert, L. P. Boulet, R. M. Niven, Z. Panahloo, M Blogg, G. Ayre
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Asthma and rhinitis are considered components of a single IgE‐mediated inflammatory disorder. However, despite being shown to often co‐exist, they are typically treated as independent conditions. Omalizumab, an anti‐IgE antibody, has proven effective in the treatment of both asthma and rhinitis. Aims: To examine whether a response to omalizumab in terms of asthma control predicts a higher likelihood of rhinitis response in patients with concomitant allergic asthma and rhinitis. Methods: This post hoc analysis was conducted on efficacy results from the SOLAR trial in which patients with moderate‐to‐severe asthma and rhinitis were randomized to receive omalizumab or placebo for 28 weeks. Patients were classified as asthma responders based on the physician’s overall assessment (complete control or marked improvement in a five‐level evaluation). Rhinitis responders were identified using the Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) questionnaire (≥ 1.0 point improvement in overall score). Results: Data were available for 207 omalizumab‐treated patients and 192 placebo patients. According to the physicians overall assessment, 123 (59.4%) of omalizumab‐treated patients were asthma responders, with the likelihood of a rhinitis response significantly ( P &lt; 0.001) greater in these patients than in the placebo group. The odds ratio for rhinitis response in omalizumab‐treated asthma responders vs nonresponders was 3.56 (95% CI: 1.94–6.54). Conclusions: A response in terms of asthma following omalizumab therapy is associated with a significantly increased probability of improvement in rhinitis.
Abstract 2114: Antihypertensive Efficacy And Cerebral Hemodynamic Advantage Of Olmesartan Medoxomil Compared With Amlodipine In Post-stroke Patients
Authors: Shuji Matsumoto, Megumi Shimodozono, Ryuji Miyata, Kazumi Kawahira
Journal: Circulation (2007)

In patients with severe hypertension, chronic heart failure or a history of stroke, the lower limit of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) is shifted to higher levels of blood pressure (BP) than those observed in healthy subjects. The effects of anigiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) on cerebral hemodynamics in humans have not been well elucidated. The antihypertensive efficacy of ARB olmesartan medoxomil (olmesartan) has been shown to compare favourably with that of other antihypertensive agents. We objected: To compare the effects of olmesartan and amlodipine on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM); To compare the advantage of CBF of olmesartan and amlodipine on xenon-computed tomography (Xe-CT) after administration of either drug for 8 weeks. 24 hypertensive patients who had an episode of stroke more than 4 weeks previously were recruited for this randomized double-blind study. Olmesartan 10 –20mg (12 patients) or amlodipine 2.5–5mg (12 patients) was administered once daily for 8 weeks. During 24-h monitoring, both drugs caused a decrease in systolic BP of 14 mmHg, and caused a decrease in diastolic BP of 8 mmHg. The Xe-CT results indicated that the increase of CBF of olmesartan was 3.3 ± 1.1 ml/min/100g and that of amlodipine was 0.2 ± 1.3 ml/min/100g. Thus, despite the reduction in BP, CBF was significantly increased in olmesartan group compared with amlodipine group. We consider the use of olmesartan is advantageous for hypertensive patients with a history of stroke in whom autoregulation of CBF is potentially impaired.
The Role of Free Radicals in Tumor Promotion
Authors: Bernard D. Goldstein, Brian Czerniecki, Gisela Witz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

A role has been suggested for free radicals and active states of oxygen in tumor promotion. There are a number of lines of support for this hypothesis, but no definitive evidence. The hypothesis has proven of value in leading to the development of models pertinent to understanding the mechanism of action of tumor promoters.
An Age-Specific Kinetic Model of Lead Metabolism in Humans
Authors: Richard W. Leggett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Although considerable progress has been made in recent years in reducing human exposures to lead, the potential for high intake of this contaminant still exists in millions of homes and in many occupational settings. Moreover, there is growing evidence that levels of lead intake considered inconsequential just a few years ago can result in subtle, adverse health effects, particularly in children. Consequently, there have been increased efforts by health protection agencies to develop credible, versatile methods for relating levels of lead in environmental media to levels in blood and tissues of exposed humans of all ages. In a parallel effort motivated largely by the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is assembling a set of age-specific biokinetic models for calculating radiation doses from environmentally important radionuclides, including radioisotopes of lead. This paper describes a new age-specific biokinetic model for lead originally developed for the ICRP but expanded to include additional features that are useful for consideration of lead as a chemical toxin. The model is developed within a generic, physiologically motivated framework designed to address a class of calciumlike elements. This framework provides a useful setting in which to synthesize experimental, occupational, and environmental data on lead and exploit common physiological properties of lead and the alkaline earth elements. The modular design is intended to allow researchers to modify specific parameter values or model components to address special problems in lead toxicology or to incorporate new information. Transport of lead between compartments is assumed to follow linear, first-order kinetics provided the concentration in red blood cells remains below a nonlinear threshold level, but a nonlinear relation between plasma lead and red blood cell lead is modeled for concentrations above that level. The model is shown to be consistent with data on human subjects exposed to lead under a variety of experimental and natural conditions.
Tuberculosis mimicry
Authors: E. Radzikowska
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal, TAY et al. [1] presented the interesting article on rather rare cases of paragonimiasis in Europe.Taking into consideration tourist activity and growing numbers of oriental restaurants, the probability of this type of infestation in our region is constantly increasing.However, this case is presented from the aspect of differential diagnosis with tuberculosis (TB) and, therefore, requires some comments.
End-Stage Renal Disease Attributed to Diabetes Among American Indians/Alaska Natives With Diabetes—United States, 1990-1996
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (i.e., kidney failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation), and ESRD treatment has increased among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) (1,2). To assess trends in the incidence of ESRD attributable to diabetes mellitus (ESRD-DM) treatment among AI/ANs with diabetes, CDC and the Indian Health Service (IHS) analyzed data from the U.S. Renal Data System (USRDS). This report summarizes the findings of the analysis, which indicate that the incidence of ESRD-DM treatment is increasing among AI/ANs with diabetes, particularly young AI/ANs.
A Multicenter Phase II Study Using a Dose Intensified Pediatric Regimen in Adults with Untreated Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Authors: Daniel J. DeAngelo, Lewis B. Silverman, Stephen Couban, Suzanne Dahlberg, Philip C. Amrein, Matthew D. Seftel, A. Robert Turner, Martha Wadleigh, L. Andres Sirulnik, Ilene Galinsky, Stephen E. Sallan, Richard M. Stone
Journal: Blood (2006)
Association between HLA antigens and different types of hypersomnia
Authors: J. Montplaisir
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ehrlich and co-workers<sup>1</sup>documented the presence of asbestos fibers in the malignant tissue of an asbestos worker with adenocarcinoma of the colon. This strongly suggests a causative role of asbestos in a neoplastic process distant from the original site of exposure (respiratory tract). The most likely mechanism would seem to be the coughing up and swallowing of mucus (or saliva) laden with asbestos fibers. This finding also offers a theoretical basis for the epidemiologic association between cigarette smoking and gastrointestinal tract disease. A number of studies have shown that cigarette smoking is significantly associated with the incidence of and mortality from peptic ulcer disease. There is also suggestive evidence that smoking retards the healing of peptic ulcers. Based on experimental and clinical studies, various effects of smoking on gastric, pancreatic, and duodenal physiology have been suggested as mechanisms by which smoking may cause these disorders.<sup>2,3</sup>
What's new this month in BMJ Journals
Authors: Harvey Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A randomised placebo controlled trial has shown that adding a nightly mesalazine enema improves remission rates in patients with extensive ulcerative colitis who are already being treated with the oral preparation. After eight weeks, nearly 90% of those receiving combined treatment had improved (44% in remission) compared with under 70% of those having placebo enemas (34% in remission). Treatment was safe and well accepted, so should be considered as first line for those with colitis extending beyond the splenic flexure. Gut2005;54:960-5 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DGut%26rft.stitle%253DGut%26rft.issn%253D0017-5749%26rft.aulast%253DMarteau%26rft.auinit1%253DP%26rft.volume%253D54%26rft.issue%253D7%26rft.spage%253D960%26rft.epage%253D965%26rft.atitle%253DCombined%2Boral%2Band%2Benema%2Btreatment%2Bwith%2BPentasa%2B%2528mesalazine%2529%2Bis%2Bsuperior%2Bto%2Boral%2Btherapy%2Balone%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bextensive%2Bmild%252Fmoderate%2Bactive%2Bulcerative%2Bcolitis%253A%2Ba%2Brandomised%252C%2Bdouble%2Bblind%252C%2Bplacebo%2Bcontrolled%2Bstudy%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fgut.2004.060103%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15951542%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=gutjnl&resid=54/7/960&atom=%2Fbmj%2F331%2F7513%2F372.atom
Topography Of Cognition: Parallel Distributed Networks In Primate Association Cortex
Authors: P. Goldman-Rakic
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1988)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Hospital Reports
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

to date in many diseases, and also metabolic, hormonal, and other physiologic effects.The Manual runs to close on 1,600 pages, but is nevertheless within the limits of size and weight which justify its description as a handbook, owing to the thinness of the paper and the general arrangement.It will be found of the greatest assistance to the busy general practitioner to whom it may be strongly recommended.
Exclusive Interview
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modeling the severity of illness of ICU patients. A systems update
Authors: S. Lemeshow
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To review recent revisions of systems for estimating the probability of hospital mortality of adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Emphasis on comparison of components of systems and potential uses. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —Published articles in which the systems were presented. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE III), Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II), and Mortality Probability Models (MPM II) are the major severity systems for ICU patients. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Information on variables collected in the systems, characteristics of databases from which they were developed, and reported performance of models were evaluated from published articles. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —APACHE III and SAPS II produce a score and probability of hospital mortality based on worst values of several variables during the first 24 hours in ICU. The MPM II system has four models, one at ICU admission and one at 24, 48, and 72 hours into the ICU stay. The SAPS II and MPM II models can be implemented from published information. The APACHE III score can be calculated from published information; weights to convert score to probability are proprietary. All reported good areas under receiver operating characteristic curve. Goodness of fit was good for SAPS II and MPM II models and was not reported for APACHE III models. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —All models were based on rigorous research and reported performance is good. All can be used to assist in assessing prognosis, to compare ICU performance, and to stratify patients for clinical trials. Direct comparison on a common cohort is needed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1049-1055)
Is hepatitis B immunoglobulin necessary for hepatitis D prophylaxis after liver transplantation? A retrospective multicenter study of a cohort of 174 patients
Authors: Sergio Rodríguez-Tajes, María García Eliz, Arantxa Caballero, Isabel Campos-Varela, Alba Cachero, Carmelo Loinaz-Segurola, Miguel Angel Gómez-Bravo, Manuel Rodríguez-Perálvarez, Emilio Fabrega, Maria Luisa Gonzalez Dieguez, Carmen Viaixa, Juan Manuel Pascasio, Inmaculada Fernández Vázquez, Carme Baliellas, Lluis Castells, Magdalena Salcedo, Martin Prieto, Miguel Navasa, Xavier Forns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
ALLEGED ARMY MEDICAL ABUSE.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal