tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chloramphenicol today
Authors: W. Kitto
Journal: JAMA (1975)

AN OCCASIONAL reassessment of one's tactics in the management of any illness should be a salutary exercise. Rather frequent reassessment is wise for infectious disease management, for here the interaction of armament and agent tends to undergo modification with elapsing time. Heavy use of an antibiotic by a patient population will reduce the available reproductive gene pool for agents sensitive to that antibiotic within the treated population, allowing hardier species or strains to occupy the available<i>lebensraum</i>. Reports of encounters with strains of<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>showing resistance to ampicillin have been appearing for several years.<sup>1-4</sup>The variance of this pathogen and the implication of shifting dominance of strains denies validity to the premise that the ultimate drug of choice for<i>H influenzae</i>meningitis can be established by a long-term, double-blind trial.<sup>4</sup>These considerations modify the risk-benefit ratio of chloramphenicol and move it to serious contention for primary drug
Experiences of a battalion medical officer in the retreat to Dunkirk: I.
Authors: R Doll
Journal: BMJ (1990)

At the end of April 1940 my battalion left the defensive position of Bourghelles, which we had been preparing for the previous six months.We went down to Louvencourt near Amiens with the rest of the brigade for a fortnight's intensive training.This "holiday" did us a world of good both mentally and physically, because of both change of scenery and change of work and, as far as the younger officers were concerned, by the substitution of Amiens for Lille as a centre of entertainment.On Thursday 9
Liver transplantation for acute intermittent porphyria in Europe
Authors: Mattias Lissing, Greg Nowak, René Adam, Vincent Karam, Alexander Boyd, Laurent Gouya, Wouter Meersseman, Espen Melum, Urszula Ołdakowska-Jedynak, Jordi Colmenero, Rosario Sanchez, Uta Herden, Janneke Langendonk Langendonk, Paolo Ventura, Helena Isoniemi, Oliver Boillot, Felix Braun, Florian Paul Reiter, Stéphanie Perrodin, Staffan Wahlin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Cyclosporine inhibits catabolism of low-density lipoproteins in HepG2 cells by about 25%
Authors: O Rayyes
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible causes of elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels in transplanted patients treated with the immunosuppressant drug, cyclosporine. HepG2 cells, from a well-differentiated cell-line of hepatoma cells, were cultured and used as a model for in vitro hepatocytic LDL uptake. Different concentrations of cyclosporine, which were within the range of concentrations found in humans treated with cyclosporine, were added to tissue culture medium together with 125I-LDL. The results showed that cyclosporine reduced LDL uptake and degradation in HepG2 cells by about 25%. The cells were also pretreated with cyclosporine for 1 to 24 hours and then incubated with new medium containing labeled LDL for 2 hours at 4 degrees C in an LDL-binding assay. The data showed that cyclosporine reduced the subsequent LDL binding. Cyclosporine has no toxic effects on HepG2 cells, as shown by unchanged growth capacity of the cells. By means of a 50-fold excess of unlabeled LDL, a monoclonal anti-LDL receptor antibody, and dextran sulfate, we also evaluated if this inhibition of LDL binding occurred through the LDL receptor- mediated pathway, through non-LDL receptor-mediated pathways, or through both. The results show that cyclosporine reduces LDL binding and uptake by mainly inhibiting the LDL receptor-mediated pathway. We also studied the effect of the LDL-cyclosporine complex on the binding of labelled LDL. The presence of cyclosporine in the LDL particle does not influence the binding behaviour of LDL to its receptor. We also found that cyclosporine reduces the expression of the LDL receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) by about 40%. Thus, the interpretation of this study is that cyclosporine can cause an increase in LDL-cholesterol in the plasma of transplantation patients by reducing the catabolism of LDL in the liver by inhibiting mainly the LDL receptor-mediated catabolism through an effect on LDL receptor synthesis.
An Address on the Therapeutics of the Uric Acid Diathesis
Authors: I. B. Yeo
Journal: BMJ (1888)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events, hospitalizations or mortality. In populations aged ≥40 years, CKD is as prevalent as diabetes or coronary heart disease. Awareness for CKD though is generally low in public, patients and physicians, which hinders early diagnosis and treatment to decelerate disease progress. <h3>Method</h3> We analyzed baseline data collected in 2010 from 3,334 participants with CKD stages 1-5 from German CKD cohorts and registries. CKD unawareness and 95%-confidence intervals (CI) was estimated according to patients’ answer to the question whether they had ever been told to suffer from a CKD. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95%-CI were estimated in categories of age, sex, CKD stages, BMI, hypertension, diabetes and other relevant comorbidities. <h3>Results</h3> CKD unawareness was high, reaching 82% (95% CI: 80%-84%) for CKD stages 1 or 2, 71% (68%-73%) in CKD 3a, 49% (45%-54%) in CKD 3b and still 30% (24%-36%) in CKD4, in each stage increasing with age. CKD unawareness was similarly high in patients with hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular comorbidities. Women were more often unaware than men (PR=1.07 (1.02;1.12)), this sex difference increased with increasing CKD stage. Macroalbuminuria (PR=0.90 (0.82; 1.00)), anemia (PR=0.78 (0.73; 0.83)) and BMI ≥40 (PR=0.88 (0.77; 1.00)) were associated with higher CKD awareness. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Even in older patients or in patients with comorbidities, CKD unawareness was high. Sex differences were largest in later stages. Guideline oriented treatment of patients with hypertension or diabetes could increase awareness. Patient-physician communication about CKD might be amendable.
The Relationship between Environmental Monitoring and Biological Markers in Exposure Assessment
Authors: S. M. Rappaport, E. Symanski, J. W. Yager, L. L. Kupper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The poor quality of traditional assessments of exposure has encouraged epidemiologists to explore biological monitoring in studies of chronic dis- eases.Yet, despite theoretical advantages, biomarkers have not been widely used in such applications.This article compares the general utility of a biomarker with that of the measurement of exposure per se.Points are illustrated with a longitudinal study of boat workers in which levels of styrene in the breathing zone and in exhaled air were compared to sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in peripheral lymphocytes.First, the linear relationship is explored between personal exposure and the levels of a biomarker in the cohort.A good fit to the straight-line relationship reflected by a correlation coefficient which is close to 1, such as observed with styrene in exhaled air (r2 = 0.83), suggests linear kinetics, that the appropriate route of exposure was measured by personal monitoring, small interindividual differences, adequate sample sizes, and a specific biomarker.2 However, a small correlation coefficient, as observed between SCEs and styrene exposure (r =0. 1),indicates that either kinetics were nonlinear or that more complex issues were involved with one or more of these factors.Second, environmental and biologic measurements are compared for use as independent variables in establishing a straight-line relationship between exposure and the health effect.If the ratio of the within-person to the between-person components of variance of the independent variable is large, then significant attenuation results when estimating the slope of the line.Since such attenuation can be reduced by making repeated measurements on each person in the cohort, the sample sizes required to reduce the bias to a fixed level can be used to compare the various measures of exposure.Using data from the styrene-exposed workers, it is shown that the slope being estimated would be within 10% of the correct slope parameter with 3 personal measurements of exposure compared to 4 samples of exhaled air (12 measurements) and 20 assays of SCEs.Thus, in this case, the measurement of airborne exposure would be more efficient than that of either exhaled air or SCEs for epidemiologic purposes.-Environ Health Perspect 1 03(Suppl 3): 49-54 (1995)
A phase 2 study on efficacy, safety and intratumoral pharmacokinetics of oral selinexor (KPT-330) in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (GBM).
Authors: Ulrik Niels Lassen, Morten Mau-Soerensen, Andrew L. Kung, Patrick Y. Wen, Eudocia Quant Lee, Scott R. Plotkin, Aida Muhic, Tami Rashal, Tony Williams, Dilara McCauley, Joel Ellis, Jean-Richard Saint-Martin, Robert Carlson, Ran Frenkel, Sharon Shacham, Mansoor Raza Mirza, Michael Kauffman, Andrew B. Lassman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

2044 Background: Patients (pts) with recurrent GBM have few treatment options and a poor prognosis. Selinexor is an oral inhibitor of XPO1 mediated nuclear export resulting in nuclear retention of multiple tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs) including p53, pRB, CDKN2A, p21 and FOXO. Mean IC50 of selinexor in pt derived GBM neurosphere cultures was 133 nM. In a pt derived orthotopic murine xenograft model, selinexor demonstrated marked inhibition of tumor growth in vivo and prolonged survival (P= .001). Methods: This study (NCT01986348) is an open label, multicenter, two-arm phase II trial enrolling pts with recurrent GBM after radiation therapy with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Pts in Arm A received 3 doses (50 mg/m2) of selinexor prior to surgery, and resumed selinexor after surgery. Pts in Arm B received selinexor alone (50 mg/m2 BIW) until disease progression. Results: (Jan 22, 2015) 7 pts (6/1 M/F, median age 57, 1–2 prior treatment regimens) were treated on Arm A and 15 pts (11/4, M/F, median age 62; 1–3 prior treatment regimens) were treated on Arm B. Mean plasma PK concentration was 999 nM (311-2071 nM) and mean tumor concentration was 136 nM (40-291 nM) in 6 pts. Grade 1/2 AE’s (Arm B) included thrombocytopenia (27%/27%), anorexia (13%/33%), fatigue (7%/40%), and hyponatremia (47%/0%). One Grade 3 AE was reported in ≥ 2 pts (fatigue) and no Grade 4 AEs were reported. Investigator reported best responses for 12 evaluable pts (Arm B) were: 2 partial responses (17%), 4 stable disease (33%) and 6 progressive disease (50%). Analysis of XPO1 and TSP expression in tumor tissue is ongoing. Conclusions: Oral selinexor at 50 mg/m2 BIW achieves concentrations in GBM tissue exceeding the IC50 in pre-clinical models. Main toxicities are fatigue and anorexia. Partial responses and stable disease were observed. Clinical trial information: NCT01986348.
Diagnosis of placenta praevia by photoscanning with albumin labeled with technetium Tc 99m
Authors: W. B. Nelp
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The occurrence of vaginal bleeding during the third trimester of pregnancy presents a challenging problem in obstetrical diagnosis and management. If placenta praevia is the cause of bleeding, close medical observation is necessary and the majority of patients will be delivered by cesarean section prior to term. If placenta praevia is present, vaginal examination may cause sufficient hemorrhage that immediate delivery of the infant is necessary. A method for the accurate diagnosis of placenta praevia, without vaginal examination, when vaginal bleeding first occurs, therefore would be of great importance. Procedures to estimate the size and position of the placenta such as soft-tissue radiography, injection of radiopaque dye into the vascular bed of the placenta, or surface counting of the trace amounts of radioisotopes (usually iodinated I 131 serum albumin or sodium chromate Cr 51-tagged red blood cells) in the placental blood pool are clinically useful. Too often, however, these procedures
Human Health Effects of Air Pollution
Authors: Lawrence J. Folinsbee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Over the past three or four decades, there have been important advances in the understanding of the actions, exposure-response characteristics, and mechanisms of action of many common air pollutants. A multidisciplinary approach using epidemiology, animal toxicology, and controlled human exposure studies has contributed to the database. This review will emphasize studies of humans but will also draw on findings from the other disciplines. Air pollutants have been shown to cause responses ranging from reversible changes in respiratory symptoms and lung function, changes in airway reactivity and inflammation, structural remodeling of pulmonary airways, and impairment of pulmonary host defenses, to increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. Quantitative and qualitative understanding of the effects of a small group of air pollutants has advanced considerably, but the understanding is by no means complete, and the breadth of effects of all air pollutants is only partially understood.
Medical discipline. Part III. Constitutional considerations-administrative regulation
Authors: B. E. Vodicka
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Course of Lectures on Surgery: Delivered in the Medical School of Cambridge
Authors: G. M. Humphry
Journal: BMJ (1849)

Treatment of Chronic Abscesses; 3Means calculated to effect their disappearantce without bursting; Artificial opening, valvular, by Trocar; Inflammation of lining membrane; Abscesses of long standing best removed by the Knife; Simultaneous occurrence of Abscesses in varicus parts of the body, arising,-first, from depressed condition of a part, or of the system, which may have heent caused by severe Accident or Operation, or fronm Cachectic state; Treatment of these Cases;-secondly, from admixture with the Blood of Pus, or other ,Vorbid Alatters, occasioned by Traumatic Inflammation of a Vein; Spontaneous Phlebitis not inzdutcinzg t'ese results.-HecticFever; Conditions under which it occurs; Symptoms; Chlill, Fever, Perspirations, their relation to onie another, and to the general cause; Treatment.The treatment of chronic abscesses involves many considerations, of wlhich we can now enter only upon a few.I have already mentioned that they occasionally disappear without bursting.This fortunate event is most likely to take place in those very cases in which the abscesses prove most troublesome to heal, if they burst or are opened,-viz., in abscesses occurring in scrofulous or delicate persons, and in abscesses connected with disease of bone, especially if that disease be of syphilitic origin.You know how fatal are psoas and lumbar abscesses connected with caries of the vertebral columni, when they burst; it is therefore well to bear in mind, that these abscesses sometites disappear, or remain stationary, for a great length of time.I have seen a few well-marked cases in which the swelling gradually subsided, the spine seemed to become sound again, and the patient recovered his healtb, although there had been no doubt of the ex- istence of an abscess, and the abscess had been attended, or rather preceded, by the usual signs of vertebral disease.Moreover, in the examination of the bodies of patients who have suffered from diseaseNo. 9, May 2, 1849.
Phenoxybenzamine, Not Phentolamine
Journal: JAMA (1974)

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Correction
Journal: Circulation (2013)

On page S752, in the left column, the second paragraph in the section "Waveform and Energy," the last sentence read, "Cardioversion with monophasic waveforms should begin at 200 J and increase in stepwise fashion if not successful (Class IIa, LOE B). [372][373][374] " It has been changed to read, "Cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with monophasic waveforms should begin at 200 J and increase in stepwise fashion if not successful (Class IIa, LOE B). [372][373][374] " The authors regret the error.
Annals of Allergy, St. Paul
Journal: JAMA (1964)

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Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The epidemic of squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: M. A. Weinstock
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Human skin takes a lot of abuse. It is our largest organ and the major barrier between our other organs and the natural and man-made hazards that surround us. These hazards may lead to cancer. Among cancers of the keratinocyte (the predominant cell of skin) in whites, basal cell carcinoma is the more common, yet squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) metastasizes more frequently and causes more deaths.<sup>1-3</sup> Although UV radiation is the most important etiologic factor, other factors are known to cause some cases of cutaneous SCC. The first documentation of chemical carcinogenesis was Percivall Pott's description, in 1775, of SCC of the scrotum induced by chimney soot.<sup>4</sup>Certain other hydrocarbons derived from coal and oils cause SCC.<sup>5</sup>Arsenic in well water was shown to cause SCC in the classic studies from Taiwan,<sup>6</sup>and exposure to arsenic in medicinals (such as Fowler's solution, Donovan's solution, and "Asiatic
POISONOUS INSECTICIDES AND PLANT SPRAYS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal