tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Pneumocystis pneumonia with normal chest roentgenograms
Authors: L. Sirotzky
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PNEUMOCYSTIS<i>carinii</i>pneumonia is seen in patients with acquired immune deficiencies.<sup>1</sup>A high index of suspicion is mandatory in the antemortem diagnosis of this infection since it is 100% fatal if not treated. Treatment with pentamidine or cotrimoxazole has been reported to be effective.<sup>2</sup>Generally, infection is manifested by fever, tachypnea, alveolar infiltrates on chest roentgenograms, and hypoxemia.<sup>1</sup>However, not all of these signs may be present, and the cause of the patient's respiratory difficulties may be obscure. We report a case of biopsy-proved recurrent<i>Pneumocystis</i>infection in a renal transplant patient with normal chest roentgenograms. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 18-year-old man with renal failure secondary to chronic glomerulonephritis received a kidney from his father in 1970. He received prednisone and azathioprine as antirejection treatment. In 1972, a fibrosarcoma from his right anterior thigh was removed. In 1974, abnormal liver function test results were noted. Azathioprine
Functional variation in allelic methylomes underscores a strong genetic contribution and reveals novel epigenetic alterations in the human epigenome
Authors: Warren A. Cheung, Xiaojian Shao, Andréanne Morin, Valérie Siroux, Tony Kwan, Bing Ge, Dylan Aïssi, Lu Chen, Louella Vasquez, Fiona Allum, Frédéric Guénard, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Marie-Michelle Simon, Elodie Boulier, Adriana Redensek, Stephen Watt, Avik Datta, Laura Clarke, Paul Flicek, Daniel Mead, Dirk S. Paul, Stephan Beck, Guillaume Bourque, Mark Lathrop, André Tchernof, Marie-Claude Vohl, Florence Demenais, Isabelle Pin, Kate Downes, Hendrick G. Stunnenberg, Nicole Soranzo, Tomi Pastinen, Elin Grundberg
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

The functional impact of genetic variation has been extensively surveyed, revealing that genetic changes correlated to phenotypes lie mostly in non-coding genomic regions. Studies have linked allele-specific genetic changes to gene expression, DNA methylation, and histone marks but these investigations have only been carried out in a limited set of samples. We describe a large-scale coordinated study of allelic and non-allelic effects on DNA methylation, histone mark deposition, and gene expression, detecting the interrelations between epigenetic and functional features at unprecedented resolution. We use information from whole genome and targeted bisulfite sequencing from 910 samples to perform genotype-dependent analyses of allele-specific methylation (ASM) and non-allelic methylation (mQTL). In addition, we introduce a novel genotype-independent test to detect methylation imbalance between chromosomes. Of the ~2.2 million CpGs tested for ASM, mQTL, and genotype-independent effects, we identify ~32% as being genetically regulated (ASM or mQTL) and ~14% as being putatively epigenetically regulated. We also show that epigenetically driven effects are strongly enriched in repressed regions and near transcription start sites, whereas the genetically regulated CpGs are enriched in enhancers. Known imprinted regions are enriched among epigenetically regulated loci, but we also observe several novel genomic regions (e.g., HOX genes) as being epigenetically regulated. Finally, we use our ASM datasets for functional interpretation of disease-associated loci and show the advantage of utilizing naïve T cells for understanding autoimmune diseases. Our rich catalogue of haploid methylomes across multiple tissues will allow validation of epigenome association studies and exploration of new biological models for allelic exclusion in the human genome.
Advanced glycation end products cause epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation via the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)
Authors: Matthew D. Oldfield, Leon A. Bach, Josephine M. Forbes, David Nikolic-Paterson, Anne McRobert, Vicki Thallas, Robert C. Atkins, Tanya Osicka, George Jerums, Mark E. Cooper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Tubulointerstitial disease, a prominent phenomenon in diabetic nephropathy, correlates with decline in renal function. The underlying pathogenic link between chronic hyperglycemia and the development of tubulointerstitial injury has not been fully elucidated, but myofibroblast formation represents a key step in the development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. RAGE, the receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs), induces the expression of TGF-β and other cytokines that are proposed to mediate the transdifferentiation of epithelial cells to form myofibroblasts. Here we report specific binding of 125I-AGE-BSA to cell membranes prepared from a rat proximal tubule cell line and show that the binding site was RAGE. AGE exposure induced dose-dependent epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation determined by morphological changes, de novo alpha smooth-muscle actin expression, and loss of epithelial E-cadherin staining. These effects could be blocked with neutralizing Ab's to RAGE or to TGF-β. Transdifferentiation was also apparent in the proximal tubules of diabetic rats and in a renal biopsy from a patient with type 1 diabetes. The AGE cross-link breaker, phenyl-4,5-dimethylthiazolium bromide (ALT 711) reduced transdifferentiation in diabetic rats in association with reduced tubular AGE and TGF-β expression. This study provides a novel mechanism to explain the development of tubulointerstitial disease in diabetic nephropathy and provides a new treatment target.
Antihypertensive treatment with metoprolol or hydrochlorothiazide in patients aged 60 to 75 years. Report from a double-blind international multicenter study
Authors: J. Wikstrand
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In a randomized double-blind study (N=562), a traditional treatment schedule, starting antihypertensive treatment in elderly hypertensive patients (60 to 75 years old) with 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide once daily and doubling the dose if a satisfactory response was not achieved, was compared with antihypertensive treatment of 100 mg of metoprolol once daily, adding 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide for patients whose response was not satisfactorialy achieved with metoprolol alone. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly reduced with both regimens. The frequency rates of responders (diastolic blood pressure, ≤95 mm Hg) in the metoprolol group and the hydrochlorothiazide group were 50% and 47% after four weeks and 65% and 61% after eight weeks, respectively. There were no significant differences in total symptom score or single symptoms between the regimens, but significantly more patients had hypokalemia and hyperuricemia with the hydrochlorothiazide regimen. Thus, we conclude that beginning antihypertensive treatment with 100 mg of metoprolol once daily and adding a small dose of hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg) in patients whose response is not satisfactory with metoprolol alone appears to be effective and safe in elderly hypertensive patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1304-1310)
Liver function after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS): Short-term effects and prognosis Depts. of Medicine, and Biostatistics, Univ. of California, San Francisco
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Transjugular portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation is widely used in the treatment of patients with refractory ascites caused by portal hypertension. Although it is well-established that an optimal portosystemic gradient (PSG) to prevent recurrent variceal bleeding should be lower than 12 mm Hg, there are no clear data on the correlation between the post-TIPS portal/hepatic vein gradient (PHG) and control of ascites. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was any correlation between PHG and control of ascites after TIPS creationPortal/hepatic vein gradients before and after TIPS creation were studied in 28 patients who underwent TIPS creation. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether the portal/ hepatic vein gradient independently predicted response to TIPS. Patients were considered responders if ascites disappeared or there was no further need for paracentesis. Patients were considered nonresponders if they required repeat paracentesis one or more months after TIPS creationAmong patients who experienced a response, the mean pre-TIPS PHG was significantly higher than that in those who did not respond (20.9 mm Hg ± 5.1 vs 15 mm Hg ± 3.4; P = .002). A higher pre-TIPS PHG was predictive of better response independent of severity of liver disease and serum creatinine level (odds ratio, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.23–4.9; P = 0.011)If the findings established in this study are confirmed in prospective long-term studies, a pre-TIPS PHG measurement can be a useful tool in helping clinicians assess the potential benefit of TIPS in refractory ascites
Blood-based predictive biomarkers for overall survival (OS) in patients (pts) receiving the immunotherapy sipuleucel-T (sip-T).
Authors: William K. Oh, Harini Kandadi, Li-Qun Fan, Nadeem Anwar Sheikh, James B. Trager, Matt D. Galsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

5026 Background: Sip-T is an FDA-approved immunotherapy for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). While baseline prostate-specific antigen correlates with prolonged OS in pts treated with sip-T, biomarkers predictive of OS remain elusive. Gene expression signatures in peripheral blood (PB) correlate with prognosis in mCRPC (Ross et al, Lancet Oncol. 2012). This study sought to identify a candidate PB gene signature predictive of OS benefit with sip-T. Methods: PB mononuclear cells from sip-T or control (CN) arm pts in the IMPACT trial (NCT00065442) were collected prior to leukapheresis. Affymetrix gene chip screening evaluated gene expression; association of gene expression with OS was performed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, where OS was fit to gene expression and the 2003 baseline Halabi prognostic variables. The top 50 gene candidates were selected for qPCR confirmation. Results: 242 pt samples were analyzed (163 sip-T, 79 CN). 5 genes were associated with OS; high expression of SNTB1 and CHI3L2 and low expression of SYNGR3, AURKC, and ZNF268 were associated with improved OS in sip-T–treated pts but not in CN arm pts. A composite gene score (CGS) was calculated incorporating expression of these genes. In a CGS tertile analysis, OS in the top and middle sip-T tertiles was significantly better compared with the corresponding CN groups (Table). The lowest sip-T tertile had a median OS similar to that of the CN arm. Conclusions: CGS based on baseline gene expression may predict OS outcomes for pts receiving sip-T. Compared with the CN arm, OS was significantly improved in the top two tertiles of sip-T–treated pts; OS in the bottom tertile was similar to the CN arm. External validation is currently underway. Clinical trial information: NCT00065442.Tertilea N (CN) N (Sip-T) Median OS, mo (95% CI) CN Median OS, mo (95% CI) Sip-T Hazard ratiob P-valueb Top 26 53 21.1 (15.5, NE) 27.1 (23.0, NE) 0.41 0.007 Middle 25 52 21.6 (14.2, NE) 24.6 (18.4, NE) 0.45 0.02 Bottom 25 52 23.8 (12.8, NE) 18.6 (13.6, 26.3) 1.16 0.65 aTertiles by CGS. bCompared with corresponding CN arm tertile. CI = confidence interval; NE = not estimable.
Study proposes to examine football players, power lifters for possible long-term sequelae from anabolic steroid use in 1970s competition
Authors: V. S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1987)

MOST PHYSICIANS agree that athletes who take anabolic steroids may be at risk for later health problems. Now, a proposed case-control study involving former college football players and power lifters who competed between 1970 and 1979 may provide new information. A pilot study involving some 200 former athletes from six schools was completed in April, and the researchers hope to begin the full-scale study this summer. The principal investigators are Charles Yesalis, PhD, professor in the College of Human Development at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, and MAJ James Wright, PhD, chief of the Exercise Science Branch at the Soldier Physical Fitness School at Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indianapolis. Yesalis, an epidemiologist, says the short-term effects of steroid use are fairly well-known (changes in blood lipid concentrations and a decrease in sperm production, for example) and that more can be gained by looking at men who have had a latency period
SANITATION AND THE PANAMA CANAL.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Using Mortality Data to Estimate Radiation Effects on Breast Cancer Incidence
Authors: David G. Hoel, Gregg E. Dinse
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

In this paper we combine Japanese data on radiation exposure and cancer mortality with U.S. data on cancer incidence and lethality to estimate the effects of ionizing radiation on cancer incidence. The analysis is based on the mathematical relationship between the mortality rate and the incidence and lethality rates, as well as on statistical models that relate Japanese incidence rates to U.S. incidence rates and radiation risk factors. Our approach assumes that the risk of death from causes other than the cancer does not depend on whether or not the cancer is present, and among individuals with the cancer, the risk of death attributable to the cancer is the same in Japan and the U.S. and is not affected by radiation exposure. In particular, we focus on the incidence of breast cancer in Japanese women and how this incidence is affected by radiation risk factors. The analysis uses Japanese exposure and mortality data from the Radiation Effects Research Foundation study of atomic bomb survivors and U.S. incidence and lethality data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry. Even without Japanese incidence data, we obtain reasonable estimates of the incidence of breast cancer in unexposed Japanese women and identify the radiation risk factors that affect this incidence. Our analysis demonstrates that the age at exposure is an important risk factor, but that the incidence of breast cancer is not affected by the city of residence (Nagasaki versus Hiroshima) or the time since exposure.
Incorrect Data in Abstract and Text
Authors: Greta Massetti, William Dietz, Lisa Richardson
Journal: JAMA (2018)

US Preventive Services Task Force; David C. Grossman, MD, MPH; Susan J. Curry, PhD; Douglas K. Owens, MD, MS; Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS; Aaron B. Caughey, MD, PhD; Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc; Chyke A. Doubeni, MD, MPH; Mark Ebell, MD, MS; John W. Epling Jr, MD, MSEd; Alex R. Kemper, MD, MPH, MS; Alex H. Krist, MD, MPH; Martha Kubik, PhD, RN; C. Seth Landefeld, MD; Carol M. Mangione, MD, MSPH; Michael Silverstein, MD, MPH; Melissa A. Simon, MD, MPH; Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH; Chien-Wen Tseng, MD, MPH, MSEE
Addle Line
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
II. Medical Schools in the United States
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurology
Authors: William K. Jordan, H. Houston Merritt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE number of publications in the field of neurology has been unusually large in the past year. Limitations of space make it impossible to discuss more than a small portion of the total number. To summarize the work of the past year for the clinician, an attempt has been made to select articles that have contributed to the understanding of the mode of operation of the nervous system, under the heading of physiology, and those concerned with the application of new forms of treatment, under therapy.Physiology Nerve Conduction There is at present warm interest on many sides in the . . .
Biochemistry, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Dermis
Authors: Dorinda Loeffel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This well-organized and edited book is the tenth volume of the series,<i>Advances in Biology of Skin</i>, reporting the 18th annual symposium on the biology of skin held in Oregon in 1968. The 18 compatible chapters are oriented towards teaching for the resident and instructor, rather than recording research. Academicians and others who formerly shrugged off the dermis as collagen fibers in soup-like ground substance need this book. The dermis now attracts attention from biochemists, meat-researchers, dermatologists, skin biologists, pathologists, surgeons, leather scientists, pediatricians, geriatricians, and rheumatologists. The dermis emerges as a dynamic three-dimensional system of collagen and elastin nets with essentially bound glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) rich in water compartments. New molecular and biochemical architecture can now explain mechanical characteristics of skin, such as shock absorption and elasticity. Nonbiochemists, with a little effort, can fathom the numerous dermal biochemical processes. Biologic functions of the dermis pose interesting clinical questions: How does
INEBRIETY.
Authors: W.P. HOWLE
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal