tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adsorption of Organic Chemicals in Soils
Authors: R. Calvet
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This paper presents a review on adsorption of organic chemicals on soils sediments and their constituents. The first part of this review deals with adsorption from gas and liquid phases and gives a discussion on the physical meaning of the shape of adsorption isotherms. Results show that no general rules can be proposed to describe univocally the relation between the shape of isotherms and the nature of adsorbate-adsorbent system. Kinetics of adsorption is discussed through the description of various models. Theoretical developments exist both for the thermodynamics and the kinetics of adsorption, but there is a strong need for experimental results. Possible adsorption mechanisms are ion exchange, interaction with metallic cations, hydrogen bonds, charge transfers, and London-van der Waals dispersion forces/hydrophobic effect. However, direct proofs of a given mechanism are rare. Several factors influence adsorption behavior. Electronic structure of adsorbed molecules, properties of adsorbents, and characteristics of the liquid phase are discussed in relation to adsorption. Such properties as water solubility, organic carbon content of adsorbing materials, and the composition of the liquid phase are particularly important. Evaluation of adsorption can be obtained through either laboratory measurements or use of several correlations. Adsorption measurements must be interpreted, taking into account treatment of adsorbent materials, experimental conditions, and secondary phenomena such as degradations. Correlations between adsorption coefficients and water-octanol partition coefficient or water solubility are numerous. They may be useful tools for prediction purposes. Relations with transport, bioavailability, and degradation are described.
Production of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen in murine hepatitis B-virus carriers: critical role of antigen presenting dendritic cells . Third Department of Internal Medicine, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan*. Department of Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan*&amp;
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently associated with immune-mediated hypersensitivity reactions. The NSAID diclofenac is associated with several distinct allergic and autoimmune-like reactions including anaphylaxis, idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The aim of this study was to examine the immunostimulating potential of diclofenac in the direct popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) and reporter antigen PLNA. In BALB/c mice, diclofenac caused dose-dependent increases in PLN weight and PLN cellularity in the direct PLNA; 0.25 mg was non-immunostimulating whereas 0.50–1.00 mg caused a significant PLN reaction. In the direct PLNA, diclofenac also increased the percent of T cells in the PLN with activated phenotypes (CD44highCD62Llow and CD44highCD62Lhigh). Finally, the magnitude of the diclofenac-induced direct PLN reaction was significantly reduced when the assay was conducted in T-cell-deficient mice. When co-injected with the reporter antigen TNP–Ficoll (trinitrophenyl Ficoll), 0.50 mg diclofenac caused significant increases in PLN weight, PLN cellularity, and induced IgM and IgG1 anti-TNP antibody forming cells (AFCs) in the PLN. In a final set of studies, a TNP–OVA PLNA was conducted using diclofenac, phenobarbital (negative control) and streptozotocin (positive control). As expected, phenobarbital (1.00 mg) failed to cause an increase in PLN cellularity or induce AFCs in the PLN. Streptozotocin (1.00 mg) caused significant increases in PLN cellularity, IgM AFCs, and selectively induced IgG2a and IgG2b AFCs against TNP–OVA. Likewise, diclofenac caused dose-dependent increases (0.25–1.00 mg) in PLN cellularity and IgM AFCs. However, in contrast to streptozotocin, diclofenac caused a selective dose-dependent increase in both IgG1 and IgE AFCs. Finally, an increase in the intracellular level of IL-4, but not INFγ, was detected in CD4+ PLN cells following the injection of diclofenac mixed with TNP–OVA. Collectively, these data suggest that diclofenac: (i) induces a T-cell-dependent direct PLN reaction that; (ii) provides non-cognate help for IgG AFC production when co-injected with TNP–Ficoll, possibly through the formation of neo-antigens; and (iii) possesses intrinsic adjuvant activity that selectively induces IL-4 mediated production of IgG1 and IgE against co-injected TNP–OVA.
Changes in Serial Blood Lead Levels during Pregnancy
Authors: Stephen J. Rothenberg, Samuel Karchmer, Lourdes Schnaas, Estela Perroni, Francisco Zea, Julio Fernandez Alba
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The first step in modeling lead kinetics during pregnancy includes a description of sequential maternal blood lead (PbB) during pregnancy and the factors controlling it. We analyzed PbB of 105 women living in the Valley of Mexico from week 12 to week 36 of pregnancy and again at parturition. We also used data from all women contributing blood at any stage of pregnancy to determine antecedents of PbB. Pregnancies were uneventful, and offspring were normal. Although geometric mean PbB level averaged around 7.0 micrograms/dl (0.34 mumol/l), with a range of 1.0-35.5 micrograms/dl throughout pregnancy, analysis of variance revealed a significant decrease in mean PbB from week 12 to week 20 (1.1 micrograms/dl) and various significant increases in mean PbB from week 20 to parturition (1.6 micrograms/dl). Regression analyses confirmed the positive linear PbB trend from 20 weeks to parturition and additional contributions of dietary calcium, reproductive history, lifetime residence of Mexico City, coffee drinking, and use of indigenous lead-glazed pottery. Although decreasing hematocrit has been suggested to explain first-half pregnancy PbB decrease, the time course of hematocrit decrease in the present study did not match the sequential changes in PbB. While hemodilution and organ growth in the first half of pregnancy may account for much of the PbB decrease seen between 12 and 20 weeks, the remaining hemodilution and accelerated organ growth of the last half of pregnancy do not predict the trend toward increasing maternal PbB concentration from 20 weeks to delivery. Mobilization of bone lead, increased gut absorption, and increased retention of lead may explain part of the upward PbB trend in the second half of pregnancy. Reduction of lifetime lead exposure may be required to decrease risk of fetal exposure.
The Long and Short of It
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
National Teen Driver Safety Week — October 18–24, 2015
Authors: S Lavinghouze, Ann Malarcher, Amal Jama, Linda Neff, Karen Debrot, Laura Whalen, Thomas Frieden, Harold Jaffe, Joanne Cono, Chesley Richards, Michael Iademarco, Sonja Rasmussen, Charlotte Kent, Jacqueline Gindler, Teresa Rutledge, Douglas Weatherwax, Soumya Dunworth, Teresa Hood, Jude Rutledge, Martha Boyd, Maureen Leahy, Julia Martinroe, Stephen Spriggs, Brian Wood, Moua Yang, Quang Doan, Phyllis King, Teresa Moreland, Terraye Starr, Timothy Jones, Matthew Boulton, Virginia Caine, Katherine Daniel, Jonathan Fielding, David Fleming, William Halperin, King Holmes, Robin Ikeda, Rima Khabbaz, Phyllis Meadows, Jewel Mullen, Jeff Niederdeppe, Patricia Quinlisk, Patrick Remington, Carlos Roig, William Roper, William Schaffner
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2015)

Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.* Used cigarettes or cigars on one or more days, but did not use marijuana during the 30 days preceding the surveys.† Used marijuana one or more times, but did not use cigarettes or cigars during the 30 days preceding the surveys.§ Used cigarettes or cigars on one or more days, or used marijuana one or more times during the 30 days preceding the surveys.¶ Students with missing data for cigarette use, cigar use, marijuana use, or sex and students who did not self-identify as non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, or Hispanic were excluded from the analysis.** Significant linear trend during 1997-2013 (p<0.01).† † Significant quadratic trend during 1997-2013 (p<0.01).
CORRECTION
Authors: P Williamson, K Clearie, S Vaidyanathan, B Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (2009)

Mean pre-and post-challenge values were analysed with a paired t test.Analyses were performed using SPSS version 15.0 (Chicago, Illinois, USA).The mean age of the patients was 38. 5 years.Thirty-eight patients had a methacholine PC 20 ,8 mg/ml.The mean fall in FEV 1 was 21%.Geometric mean pre-challenge FE NO was 20.4 ppb compared with 16.9 ppb post-challenge, a difference of 17% (95% CI 13% to 21%, p,0.001; fig 1).Geometric mean CA NO was 2.9 ppb pre-challenge and 1.9 ppb post-challenge, a difference of 31% (95% CI 17% to 43%, p,0.001).Differences in NO at flow rates of 50, 100 and 200 ml were 15% (95% CI 10% to 19%), 11% (95% CI 6% to 16%) and 17% (95% CI 11% to 22%), respectively (p,0.001).Baseline values for FE NO and CA NO showed no correlation with methacholine PC 20 , baseline FEV 1 or final percentage fall in FEV 1 .The percentage change in CA NO following challenge showed a positive correlation with the baseline value (r = 0.59, p,0.001).To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the effects of methacholine challenge on CA NO .We have shown that methacholine challenge significantly reduces CA NO , and this effect is relatively more marked than for FE NO .The effect on FE NO is known, and is thought to be due to washout of nitric oxide from the airways.There was a proportionally greater suppression of FE NO at 200 ml (17%) than at 50 ml (15%) and 100 ml (11%).This has a more significant effect on the slope of the regression line and hence the CA NO is relatively more suppressed than FE NO .This is an important consideration for planning and interpreting study visits in clinical trials.
Cytostatic Activity of Adenosine Triphosphate-Competitive Kinase Inhibitors in BRAF Mutant Thyroid Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Paolo Salerno, Valentina De Falco, Anna Tamburrino, Tito Claudio Nappi, Giancarlo Vecchio, Rebecca E. Schweppe, Gideon Bollag, Massimo Santoro, Giuliana Salvatore
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

The V600E mutation accounts for the vast majority of thyroid carcinoma-associated BRAF mutations. The aim was to study the effects of the two BRAF V600E ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors, PLX4032 and PLX4720, in thyroid carcinoma cell lines. We examined the activity of PLX4032 and PLX4720 in thyroid carcinoma cell lines harboring BRAF V600E (8505C, BCPAP, SW1736, BHT101), NRAS Q61R (HTH7), KRAS G12R (CAL62), HRAS G13R (C643), or RET/PTC1 (TPC-1) oncogenes. Normal thyrocytes (PC Cl 3) were used as control. Both compounds inhibited the proliferation of BRAF mutant cell lines, but not normal thyrocytes, with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) ranging from 78-113 nm for PLX4720 and from 29-97 nm for PLX4032. Doses equal to or higher than 500 nm were required to achieve a similar effect in BRAF wild-type cancer cells. Phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and MAPK kinase (MEK) 1/2 decreased upon PLX4032 and PLX4720 treatment in BRAF mutant thyroid carcinoma cells but not in normal thyroid cells or in cell lines harboring mutations of RAS or RET/PTC1 rearrangements. PLX4032 and PLX4720 treatment induced a G1 block and altered expression of genes involved in the control of G1-S cell-cycle transition. 8505C cell tumor xenografts were smaller in nude mice treated with PLX4032 than in control mice. This inhibition was associated with reduction of phospho-ERK and phospho-MEK levels. This study provides additional evidence of the promising nature of mutant BRAF as a molecular target for thyroid carcinoma cells.
Urine and Urinalysis.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CONGESTION AND CONCENTRATION.
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Miscellany
Journal: JAMA (1922)

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Corrected Data for Survey Results in Viewpoint
Authors: Anthony Gallagher, Tapan Mehta, David Allison
Journal: JAMA (2018)

In Reply Dr Gallagher and colleagues raise an important and legitimate point about the role of surgical skills potentially explaining the variation in complication rates within bariatric surgery COEs.More importantly, they question the lack of objective assessment of surgical skills as part of the accreditation process.We agree that there may be factors not included in the accreditation program that may influence complication rates. 1 Surgical skill is a good example of such a plausible factor. 2 As mentioned in our article, quality improvement studies are needed to identify factors associated with and ideally causative of improved outcomes. 1 Studies that explore plausible factors such as surgical skills may help explain variation in complication rates within bariatric surgery COEs and improve quality of care.
More Liberal Contributions.
Journal: JAMA (1887)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Historical Fiction
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AMA Seeks Loan Deferment Legislation
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anti-Aunty
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your columns have recently been stuffed with iatrogenic nonsense, sufficiently to enable me to dare to add thereunto. Your pseudo-pseudos and your philo-phylos are agreeable dream children, whereas it is my purpose to call your attention to the anti-anti, a condition susceptible of spellings as variable as the sins covered. We are used to the antimetabolites, antihistaminics, and their inhibitors which might be called anti-antis. The most delightful to come to my notice is the anti-antibiotic. The ability of antibiotics to sterilize cavities, sores, and canals has been developed to the extent that some go beyond their call of duty, the supererogatory antibiotics which when taken by mouth sterilize the whole inner intestinal tract. Poor miserable<i>Escherichia coli</i>is put out of his own habitat, and his ecology is shot to pieces, when some physician prescribes ultratetra-bicycle-mycin, and the colon loses all its friends. The colon has
DIPHTHERITIC PARALYSIS AND ANTITOXIN.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

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