tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 842: Racial disparity in breast cancer: Tissue-specific epigenetic mechanisms
Authors: Nan Lin, James Castle, Jinpeng Liu, Aditi Shendre, Chi Wang, Yunlong Liu, Chunyan He
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Racial disparity in breast cancer is well recognized. Compared with European American (EA) women, African American (AA) women have higher mortality rate despite low incidence rate, and they are more likely being diagnosed at younger age and with features that are more aggressive. Many risk factors of breast cancer, including social, culture, behavioral, genetics, and environmental factors, are disproportionally distributed across two racial groups. These factors could influence DNA methylation differently, as suggested by recent reports that describe biological differences of breast tumor in different racial group. However, no studies have systematically evaluate tissue-specific epigenetic mechanisms underlying the observed racial disparity in breast cancer development. We conducted a molecular epidemiological study of 276 EA and 186 AA healthy women. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling was performed in normal breast tissue using the Illumina Methyl Captured EPIC-sequencing. Genome-wide association between race and DNA methylation identified differentially methylated sites near genes implicated in metastatic potential and aggressiveness of tumor, tamoxifen-resistance, immune response, and cancer-related metabolic pathways. Many of these genes have not been reported previously to be associated with breast cancer or racial disparities. Further analyses showed that differentially methylated sites across two racial groups were significantly overlapped with differentially methylated sites in tumor and normal breast tissue, suggesting tissue- and racial-specific epigenetic mechanisms underlying breast cancer development. Furthermore, meQTL analyses between known breast cancer risk loci and DNA methylation also suggested AA-specific risk loci were associated with DNA methylation sites implicated in metastatic potential and aggressiveness of tumor. Our study sheds light on tissue-specific genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying racial disparity in breast cancer. Further research is warranted to validate the findings in larger studies and to understand gene regulation network by linking with RNA-seq data. Citation Format: Nan Lin, James Castle, Jinpeng Liu, Aditi Shendre, Chi Wang, Yunlong Liu, Chunyan He. Racial disparity in breast cancer: Tissue-specific epigenetic mechanisms [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 842.
Family Practice
Authors: Nicholas J. Pisacano
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>Research and Family Practice</h3> In previous reports published in CONTEMPO, we have described the rise of the specialty of family practice. In those articles we stressed the specialty's major concern to produce young, well-trained physicians who will render comprehensive, continuing, accessible health care. In addition, it has been noted that family practice was the first specialty to have no "grandfathers" admitted to the diplomate status without examination and was the first and only specialty that required periodic recertification to maintain diplomate status. We pointed out with pride such contributions to the whole specialty movement. However, the specialty now seems to have reached a maturation point where it can make important contributions in research. Thus far, the major contributions have been in studies of such entities as practice patterns, epidemiology, methods of classifying diagnosis and management in primary care, organizational administration, drug therapy, and review updates, as well as some clinical
Large hepatocellular cancers: hepatic resection or liver transplantation?
Authors: O Soreide, A Czerniak, L H Blumgart
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Thirteen patients with primary hepatocellular cancer were studied to outline criteria for resectability in patients with large liver tumours. The mean age was 34 and the mean tumour diameter 13 cm (range 7-18 cm). Five of the tumours had a diameter of 15 cm or more. Extensive radiological investigations showed that seven of the patients had tumours of both right and left lobes of the liver, 10 had evidence of vascular invasion, and three had evidence of extrahepatic spread. Only two of the patients underwent a classically described formal hepatic resection, the rest having extensive resections crossing major anatomical planes. In no instance did the vascular invasion preclude resection, and extrahepatic spread could be verified in only one patient. The traditional criteria of resectability--that is, tumours located to one main lobe of the liver without vascular invasion and extrahepatic spread--can and should be extended. Resection may be preferable to transplantation even in patients with large primary liver tumours.
Acute Tendinitis and Arthritis
Authors: Charles J. Glueck
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Achilles tendinitis and tenosynovitis, sometimes accompanied by arthritis, were common presenting symptoms in 14 patients from 9 different kindreds with familial type II hyperlipoproteinemia. Attacks occurred 4 to 12 times per year, lasted two to three days, occurred unilaterally and bilaterally, and recurred over spans of up to 40 years without joint deformity or loss of motion. Appearance of symptoms in the midteens in the majority of patients provides an opportunity for early diagnosis, family screening, and therapy in this inherited disorder associated with accelerated coronary atheromatosis.
The dot plot. A starting point for evaluating test performance
Authors: A. F. Krieg
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We suggest that evaluations of diagnostic tests start with dot plots that depict multiple test results over multiple clinical states. From this starting point we can calculate posttest probabilities for multiple clinical states at multiple test results. Also, we can project one subset of clinical states as "disease positive" and a second subset as "disease negative" to provide standard analyses such as likelihood ratios, relative operating characteristic curves, posttest/pretest probability plots, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value. Finally, this starting point provides an excellent basis for comparing multiple studies of diagnostic performance. The advantages of dot plots are illustrated with data on serum ferritin levels over multiple clinical states. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3309-3312)
Emergency medicine
Authors: A. B. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Emergency medicine continues to make progress in resuscitation, prehospital care, trauma, and toxicology. Approximately 500 000 people in the United States die each year from coronary artery disease. Although the number has decreased over the past two decades, sudden cardiac death represents about 25% of all deaths in the United States. Survival from cardiac arrest depends on the prompt institution of advanced life support, particularly electrical defibrillation. Since about 65% of cardiac arrests occur outside the hospital, strategies have been developed to minimize time until defibrillation in the community. During the past year, studies have confirmed the usefulness of automatic external defibrillators in improving survival from cardiac arrest.<sup>1,2</sup>Automatic defibrillators are capable of analyzing the cardiac rhythm and delivering or advising resuscitators to deliver an electrical shock. The usefulness of this device depends on the emergency medical services system available in each community. Automatic external defibrillators will have the
Medical Neurology
Authors: William DeMyer
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This 769-page text covers the neurologic examination and pediatric and adult neurology. It follows a traditional format of pathologic category and disease entity, rather than a symptom-sign approach. The section on the neurologic examination provides the best exposition of any single-volume general neurology text. Most diseases receive sufficient description for the reader to decide whether to consider it for his patient. Too often, the single volume text gives so little space to a disease that the reader wonders why the author mentioned it. Throughout the text, numerous tables summarize important topics. In particular, the authors outline in 1-2-3 fashion the diagnostic tests to consider when the clinician suspects a particular disease. The authors discuss treatment, often in the welcome terms of principles, realizing that details quickly become dated or must be learned from other sources. References are numerous and up-to-date. Any nimble reviewer of any text can find a few
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Stereotactic cingulotomy
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errors in Table 1
Authors: David Barlow, Matthew Gallagher, Todd Farchione
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Sandra M. Meier, PhD; Manuel Mattheisen, MD; Ole Mors, PhD; Diana E. Schendel, PhD; Preben B. Mortensen, DrMedSc; Kerstin J. Plessen, MD, PhD
Doxorubicin Toxicity
Authors: Felipe B. Manalo
Journal: JAMA (1975)

DOXORUBICIN is now a well-established anticancer agent with significant activity against a large variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Its pharmacology is well described in two recent reviews.<sup>1,2</sup>The known toxic reactions are bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, alopecia, cardiotoxicity, and, more recently, melanotic changes in the palms, soles, and nail beds.<sup>3,4</sup>We report a case of dermatologic toxic reactions not previously described, to our knowledge. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 41-year-old white man was admitted on Aug 8,1974, because of soreness in both hands and feet, with loosening of all finger and toe nails (Figure). In July 1973, the patient underwent a shoulder disarticulation for fibrosarcoma of the right humerus. Postoperatively, he received 4,000 rads in combination with systemically given dactinomycin over a period of five weeks, with no toxic reactions. He was disease-free over the subsequent seven months, after which bilateral pulmonary metastases were detected on
Dumping
Authors: Bradford B. Burnett
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although I concur that patient dumping is a serious problem, I do not agree with the recommendations of Drs Ansell and Schiff.<sup>1</sup>The responsibility for the medically indigent and uninsured must be shared by everyone, not unilaterally imposed on a selected segment of our economy. It should be noted that we have recently changed the economic ground rules for hospitals; we are now telling these institutions to be fiscally responsible or get out of business. Therefore, it is not reasonable to ask community hospitals to risk financial ruin for the sake of a deficient social policy. Perhaps it is time for our society to embark on a national health care program that directly tends to the needs of the indigent and uninsured. We should accept the failure of our present Medicaid program, which attempts to provide care through indirect subsidies. It has only led to the
Ireland
Authors: R Purefoy
Journal: BMJ (1908)

That this meeting, consisting of the Masters and Assistants, past and present, of the Dublin Maternity Hospitals, Is unanimously of opinion that the proposed shortening of the course in practicel obstetrics fiom six to tbree montbs would serfouely interfere with the work of the maternity hospitals; that it would increase, rather than lessen, the difficulties in providing each student with the required number of cases; and that, at the same time, It would
Is extended radical resection superior to lobectomy in treating resectable bronchial cancer?
Authors: D. P. Boyd
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Most of us would rather be positive than negative. Thus, it is tempting to recall the occasional case—the one in which part of the esophagus or aorta was taken—with long-term palliation or survival. But this occurs rarely in bronchogenic carcinoma when compared with the results of surgery elsewhere, as in the thyroid, the colon, or the uterus; it occurs so rarely that with increasing experience, there is a tendency to become less and less aggressive. Ultimately, however, the problem of the selection of the proper surgical procedure for lung cancer settles down to a reasonable pattern. This may be summarized as follows: The surgical treatment of many hundreds of cases of undifferentiated bronchial carcinoma by ourselves and others shows quite conclusively that lobectomy is as effective as pneumonectomy, provided that all of the disease is removed.<sup>9</sup>Figures in adenocarcinoma are less firm, and in alveolar cancer even more tentative,
Abstract LB200: A transcriptionally distinct subpopulation of healthy acinar cells exhibit features of pancreatic progenitors and pancreatic ductal adeno carcinoma
Authors: Vishaka Gopalan, Arashdeep Singh, Farid Rashidi, Li Wang, Eytan Ruppin, Efsun Arda, Sridhar Hannenhalli
Journal: Cancer Research (2021)

Abstract The stochasticity of transcription leads to phenotypic variation within a clonal population. This means that within a healthy tissue, a fraction of cells could assume an “edge” transcriptional state that is primed for a transition toward malignancy. We find such an edge transcriptional state amongst acinar cells in a publicly available PDAC single-cell RNA-seq dataset. These acinar edge cells (AE) cells have transcriptomes that are highly diverged from a typical normal acinar cell, and show transcriptional similarities to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The AE state can be found in several single-cell datasets from healthy human pancreatic tissue. The AE state is not mutationally-driven as AE cells in healthy tissues do not possess any known oncogenic driver mutations, nor are they clonally derived. The transition from a non-edge acinar to an AE state recapitulates key aspects of pancreatic biology; genes associated with this transition are enriched for known markers of acinar de-differentiation and acinar-ductal metaplasia. Further, the AE state represents a partial reversion to a SOX9+PTF1A+ multi-potent embryonic pancreatic progenitor state, likely through the activation of KLF5, HES1 and RBPJ targets. Remarkably, the promoters of genes upregulated in the AE state are significantly hypomethylated in PDAC relative to normal pancreas, while the genes up-regulated in the AE state are up-regulated in PDAC samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. It is thus likely that transcriptomic changes in the edge state are fixed epigenetically during tumor initiation and progression. A gene signature derived from the AE cells shows strong association with survival among PDAC patients. Remarkably, we also find that the fraction of AE cells in the healthy pancreas increases with age, which points to a strong non-genetic and transcriptomic component to the known increase in PDAC risk with age. We also observed edge-like transcriptomic heterogeneity among alveolar, ciliated and club cells in the human lung, and amongst hepatocytes in liver tissues. This suggests that, across tissues, gene expression heterogeneity can lead to sub-populations of healthy cells across tissues existing in pre-malignant states. Citation Format: Vishaka Gopalan, Arashdeep Singh, Farid Rashidi, Li Wang, Eytan Ruppin, Efsun Arda, Sridhar Hannenhalli. A transcriptionally distinct subpopulation of healthy acinar cells exhibit features of pancreatic progenitors and pancreatic ductal adeno carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB200.
Facial Prostheses
Authors: E. Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1942)

MEDJCAL JOURNIAL 23The patient remained well for the next eight months, but on April 24, 1940, he was seized with severe pain in the right, upper part of the abdomen, relieved by vomiting ten minutes afterwards.A similar attack occurred two days later.He consulted his family doctor, who suspected typhoid cholecystitis, and thereupon ordered a bacteriological investigation.B. typhosus was cultured from the bile but not from the faeces, and the Vi agglutination test was negative.On his identification as a carrier he was readmitted to hospital on May 6, 1940, where routine bacteriological examinations of the faeces yielded positive results.Courses of various drugs, including sulpha- pyridine, hexamine, and sulphathiazole in full therapeutic doses, were administered, but positive faecal cultures were still obtained.With the failure of -medical treatment an operation for the removal of the gall-bladder was advised.This measure was successfully undertaken on August 15.The pathologist's report stated that the gall-bladder -vas normal in size, showed
Error in Drug Name.
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum for “Lack of efficacy of bevacizumab + irinotecan in cases of pediatric recurrent ependymoma—a Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium study”
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2013)

Additional criteria apply.Please refer to protocol 14379-201 for full inclusion and exclusion criteria.† Patients can participate if they had some skin cancers, superficial bladder cancer (cancer that was only on the surface of the lining of the bladder), or carcinoma in situ (cancer that had not spread) of the cervix or breast that had been cured.
High-dose (HD) IL-2 for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the targeted therapy era: Extension of OS benefits beyond complete response (CR) and partial response (PR).
Authors: Michael Morse, David F. McDermott, Gregory A. Daniels, Howard Kaufman, Michael K.K. Wong, Sandra Aung, James N. Lowder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

4523 Background: HD IL-2 has been reported to have a overall response rate (ORR) for mRCC of 15% and a median OS of 19 months (Fyfe,1995), however, the studies that led to its regulatory approval are >15 years old and were performed in an era preceding targeted therapies. Methods: The PROCLAIM registry (www.proclaimregistry.com), a HD IL-2 observational database currently with over 30 participating sites, consists of a retrospective cohort (treated between 2007 and 2012) informing an ongoing prospective cohort (~ 600 patients). We report on the retrospective mRCC subjects (n=97, 13 sites) with survival status determined as of November 2013 and a median follow-up of 32 months. Sites were encouraged to enroll patients sequentially. Inclusion criteria required that patients have received at least one dose of HD IL-2. Results: The ORR was 22% (8% CR and 14% PR). Of 97 subjects, 36 were confirmed deceased and 61 were known to be alive, none were lost to follow-up. The median OS was 51 months, compared to a median OS range of 5-35 months for FDA-approved targeted agents (Harrison, 2013). There was significant clinical benefit in patients with CR, PR, and stable disease (SD), none of which reached median OS compared to 37.9 months in patients with progressive disease (PD). There is a significant advantage in PROCLAIM for those patients treated 1st vs. 2ndline HD IL-2; the median OS was 61.8 months (n=82) vs 15.3 months (n=15), respectively. The clinical benefit of HD IL-2 therapy as front line is consistent with published data (Birkhauser, 2013). No deaths due to IL-2 related toxicity were reported in the retrospective cohort. Conclusions: The PROCLAIM registry documents a vastly improved OS for HD IL-2 compared to historical results during a time interval marked by the advent of targeted therapy for advanced RCC. Response to IL-2 (CR or PR) is associated with prolonged survival, however, stable disease as well as front line use also appears to positively impact survival. Issues including patient selection characteristics and treatment sequencing are hypotheses currently being explored in the prospective database.
<i>Announcement</i>: National Public Health Week — April 4–10, 2016
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

Every year since 1995, the American Public Health Association has led the observation of National Public Health Week in the United States during the first full week of April. The goal of National Public Health Week is to acknowledge contributions made by public health and to raise awareness of issues important to improving the nation's health. This year's observance focuses on building a nation of safe and healthy communities. Additional information about this year's observance is available at http://www.nphw.org.
Science needs vigilance not vigilantes
Authors: P. K. Woolf
Journal: JAMA (1988)

EVEN IN a period of great cynicism about deceit in politics, religion, and finance, people want to feel confident about professionals on whose special expertise they must rely. That confidence is being eroded, and some of the erosion is appropriate. There has been malpractice in the law, in medicine, and in business; critics charge that efforts to detect, punish, and prevent it have been desultory and ineffective. In recent years, allegations also have been made of serious misconduct in scientific research.<sup>1,2</sup>These charges of fraud are all the more notable because science is an enterprise that is supposed to be devoted to truth. Unfortunately, some of the charges of research fraud have been confirmed. In one case, there has been a criminal indictment of a scientist who falsified data on drug treatments for patients with mental retardation (<i>New York Times</i>, May 24, 1987, p 12). In another, policy decisions