tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract MP072: Association of Urinary Kidney Injury Biomarkers with Kidney Function Decline: A Case-Control Study from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Authors: Carmen A Peralta, Ronit Katz, Joseph V Bonventre, Venkata Sabbisetti, David Siscovick, Mark Sarnak, Michael G Shlipak
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: The urinary biomarkers of tubular injury ((urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)) can indicate acute kidney injury before reductions in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are clinically detectable. Whether elevations of these markers are associated with future risk of kidney disease has not been investigated. Methods: We studied the association of urinary NGAL and KIM-1 with kidney function decline in a 1:1 ratio case-control study among 686 MESA participants. NGAL and KIM-1 were measured at baseline (standardized for urinary creatinine) and expressed both as continuous and in deciles. eGFR was estimated by cystatin C. Cases were defined as persons with eGFR&gt;60 ml/min/1.73m 2 who subsequently developed incident CKD (defined as eGFR&lt;60 plus eGFR decline &gt; 1ml/min/year) and/or had rapid kidney function decline (RKFD, ≥3ml/min/1.73m 2 /year) by the MESA year 5 visit. Of the 343 cases, 145 had incident CKD, 141 had RKFD and 57 had both. Controls were matched for age, gender, race, diabetes, and baseline eGFR. We adjusted for age, hypertension and presence of albuminuria (ACR ≥30 mg/g). Results: Higher levels of KIM-1 were significantly associated with kidney function decline, and these associations were strongest for the top decile compared to lowest decile. Presence of albuminuria only minimally attenuated the findings. NGAL levels were not associated with kidney function decline. (Table) Model OR (95%CI) for Incident CKD and/or Rapid Kidney Function Decline KIM-1 (pg/ml) * KIM-1-Cr Ratio * (pg/mg) KIM-1 ≥ 927 pg/ml (Top Decile) NGAL (ng/ml) * NGAL-Cr Ratio * (ng/mg) NGAL ≥ 36 ng/ml (Top Decile) Age Adjusted 1.15 (1.02, 1.29) 1.17 (1.02, 1.34) 2.09 (1.21, 3.62) 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) 1.63 (0.96, 2.78) Age + HTN Adjusted 1.15 (1.03, 1.29) 1.16 (1.01, 1.33) 2.13 (1.22, 3.70) 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) 1.58 (0.93, 2.71) + ACR ≥ 30mg/g 1.15 (1.02, 1.29) 1.13 (0.98, 1.30) 2.02 (1.15, 3.56) 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) 1.55 (0.89, 2.70) * Per doubling. Top decile is compared to lowest decile Conclusions: KIM-1, a marker of tubular injury, is associated with future risk of kidney disease independent of albuminuria. Our findings suggest that urinary biomarkers of tubular injury are a promising tool for identifying persons at risk for CKD.
"THE AMOUNT OF OPIATES USED IN THE LEGITIMATE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE"
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5309: Inhibition of cancer stem-like cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with SOCS-1 gene therapy
Authors: Ayumi Yamamoto, Eri Munekage, Satoshi Serada, Shigehiro Tsujii, Kosuke Hiramatsu, Minoru Fujimoto, Kazuhiro Hanazaki, Tetsuji Naka
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Cancer stem-like cells are thought to be one of the causes of cancer initiation and progression. They are associated with the resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy for various types of tumor including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, cancer stem-like cells are promising therapeutic targets of cancer. Suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1) was identified as a negative regulator of various cytokine signaling. We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of SOCS-1 showed a potent anti-tumor effect on ESCC through inhibiting of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of SOCS-1 gene therapy using adenoviral vector (AdSOCS-1) against cancer stem-like cells in ESCC. METHODS: ESCC cell lines were separated into aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) positive and ALDH negative cells by ALDEFLOUR, and then sphere formation assays were performed. The inhibitory effects of AdSOCS-1 and AdLacZ on the sphere formation were evaluated using TE8, TE14 ESCC cell lines. The inhibition of sphere formation was also evaluated using ESCC cells obtained from ESCC PDX mice (ESCC8). Next, the expression of transcription factors associated with cancer stem-like cells in ESCC was evaluated by RT-PCR. The inhibitory effects on tumor formation by AdSOCS-1 were evaluated by tumorigenicity assay using TE8 xenograft mice. RESULTS: In the sphere formation assay, ALDH positive TE8 cells and TE14 cells represented strong sphere formation capacity. Compared with AdLacZ infected ALDH positive cells, sphere formation of AdSOCS-1 infected ALDH positive cells was significantly inhibited. The inhibition of sphere formation was also confirmed in ESCC cells obtained from ESCC8 PDX mouse tumor tissue. Interestingly, the expression level of Sox2, a critical stem cell factor regulated by STAT3, was also decreased by AdSOCS-1. Furthermore, AdSOCS-1 decreased the tumorigenic activity of the ALDH positive ESCC tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: A potent anti-tumor effect of SOCS-1 gene therapy on ESCC may be partially explained by inhibiting the expression of a STAT3 regulated transcription factor critical for cancer stem-like cells. Citation Format: Ayumi Yamamoto, Eri Munekage, Satoshi Serada, Shigehiro Tsujii, Kosuke Hiramatsu, Minoru Fujimoto, Kazuhiro Hanazaki, Tetsuji Naka. Inhibition of cancer stem-like cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with SOCS-1 gene therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5309.
Lupus anticoagulant in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: E. J. Bloom
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Prolongation of partial thromboplastin time was noted in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who were admitted to the hospital for diagnosis of opportunistic infection. As biopsy procedures were often indicated, detailed investigation of the abnormal coagulation study was performed in four patients. Results confirmed the presence of a lupus anticoagulant. Partial thromboplastin times of 34 consecutive subsequent patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of AIDS-associated opportunistic infection were recorded; prolongation was noted in 24 of these. None of these 38 patients exhibited clinical evidence of bleeding. One patient had a confirmed thrombotic episode. Prolonged partial thromboplastin time is a common finding in hospitalized patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection. If no clinical history of unusual bleeding is noted, the lupus anticoagulant should be suspected. Many patients with AIDS require invasive procedures for disease management; the lupus anticoagulant, an in vitro phenomenon, should not prevent these studies. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:491-493)
OP0298 The Role of CD11c+ Dendritic Cells in Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: A. Puchner, S. Blüml, V. Saferding, E. Goncalves-Alves, J. Smolen, K. Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in bridging the innate and the adaptive immune response by serving as antigen presenting cells and are therefore implicated in the initiation of chronic autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. Using two different models of inflammatory arthritis, K/BxN serum transfer arthritis as well as hTNFtg arthritis, both depending only on the innate immune system, we investigated the innate role of dendritic cells in inflammatory arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> We analyzed histological sections of K/BxN serum transfer arthritis as well as hTNFtg arthritis for the presence of CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells by immunohistochemistry. We also performed synovial biopsies and analyzed the cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate with respect to DCs. We used CD11c-diphteria toxin receptor (DTR) transgenic mice, which express the human diphtheria-toxin receptor under the CD11c promoter, allowing for specific depletion of CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells by administration of diphtheria toxin (DT). K/BxN serum transfer arthritis was induced, and mice were given either DT or PBS. In addition CD11c DTR mice were crossed into hTNFtg animals and also received either DT or PBS. The severity of arthritis was determined clinically and histologically. <h3>Results</h3> We show that Cd11<sup>+</sup> cells are present in significant numbers in the synovia of K/BxN and TNF driven arthritis. Both myeloid dendritic subsets, CD8<sup>+</sup> CD11c<sup>+</sup> and CD11b<sup>+</sup> CD11c<sup>+</sup>, can be found in synovial tissue. In K/BxN serum transfer arthritis, clinical scores showed that CD11c-DTR transgenic mice that received DT had significantly reduced paw swelling and loss of grip strength compared to PBS treated animals. Histological analysis found reduced inflammation after the depletion of CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells in K/BxN arthritis. In addition local bone destruction and the number of osteoclasts was significantly reduced. Also in TNF-driven arthritis in CD11c-DTR/hTNFtg mice, depletion of CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells led to a significant reduction of synovial inflammation, as well as local bone erosions. To exclude unspecific effects of DT in mice, wild type animals received DT showed identical clinical and histological signs of arthritis as PBS treated animals. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data show that CD11c<sup>+</sup> cells are involved in innate reactions leading to inflammatory arthritis and suggest that dendritic cells could be an important therapeutic target for patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5602
Why Physicians Err in Diagnosis
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-effectiveness of a routine varicella vaccination program for US children
Authors: T. A. Lieu
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the economic consequences of a routine varicella vaccination program that targets healthy children. <h3>Methods.</h3> —Decision analysis was used to compare the costs, outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of a routine vaccination program with no intervention. Clinical outcomes were based on a mathematical model of vaccine efficacy that relied on published and unpublished data and on expert opinion. Medical utilization rates and costs were collected from multiple sources, including the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program and the California Hospital Discharge Database. <h3>Results.</h3> —A routine varicella vaccination program for healthy children would prevent 94% of all potential cases of chickenpox, provided the vaccination coverage rate is 97% at school entry. It would cost approximately $162 million annually if one dose of vaccine per child were recommended at a cost of $35 per dose. From the societal perspective, which includes work-loss costs as well as medical costs, the program would save more than $5 for every dollar invested in vaccination. However, from the health care payer's perspective (medical costs only), the program would cost approximately $2 per chickenpox case prevented, or $2500 per life-year saved. The medical cost of disease prevention was sensitive to the vaccination coverage rate and vaccine price but was relatively insensitive to assumptions about vaccine efficacy within plausible ranges. An additional program for catch-up vaccination of 12-year-olds would have high incremental costs if the vaccination coverage rate of children of preschool age were 97%, but would result in net savings at a coverage rate of 50%. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A routine varicella vaccination program for healthy children would result in net savings from the societal perspective, which includes work-loss costs as well as medical costs. Compared with other prevention programs, it would also be relatively cost-effective from the health care payer's perspective. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:375-381)
Academy provides training in many aspects of military medicine and its applications
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE FULCRUM of a health professional career, whether as a physician, dentist, veterinarian, nurse, corpsman (a designation for both men and women), medical technician, pharmacologist, or health care administrator, can be found in a group of modernistic buildings in Fort Sam Houston, a few miles outside San Antonio, Tex. Known as the Academy of Health Sciences, a major element of the US Army Health Services Command, it is the largest health care training school in the world. Every year, some 36 000 students attend 160 courses and another 28 000 are enrolled in 38 different correspondence courses. "This is the home of Army medicine; every soldier 'medic,' on full-time active duty or in the Reserve or Army National Guard, at some point in his or her career will pass through here and take a course of instruction of one type or another," says LTC Robert Barrett, the National Guard adviser
Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells
Authors: Vishwa Deep Dixit, Eric M. Schaffer, Robert S. Pyle, Gary D. Collins, Senthil K. Sakthivel, Ravichandran Palaniappan, James W. Lillard, Dennis D. Taub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Ghrelin, a recently described endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), is produced by stomach cells and is a potent circulating orexigen, controlling energy expenditure, adiposity, and growth hormone secretion. However, the functional role of ghrelin in regulation of immune responses remains undefined. Here we report that GHS-R and ghrelin are expressed in human T lymphocytes and monocytes, where ghrelin acts via GHS-R to specifically inhibit the expression of proinflammatory anorectic cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Ghrelin led to a dose-dependent inhibition of leptin-induced cytokine expression, while leptin upregulated GHS-R expression on human T lymphocytes. These data suggest the existence of a reciprocal regulatory network by which ghrelin and leptin control immune cell activation and inflammation. Moreover, ghrelin also exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates endotoxin-induced anorexia in a murine endotoxemia model. We believe this to be the first report demonstrating that ghrelin functions as a key signal, coupling the metabolic axis to the immune system, and supporting the potential use of ghrelin and GHS-R agonists in the management of disease-associated cachexia.
Computerized planimetry to assess clinical responsiveness in a phase II randomized trial of topical R333 for discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: J.K. Presto, L.G. Okon, R. Feng, D.J. Wallace, R. Furie, D. Fiorentino, V.P. Werth
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is a skin condition that causes red scaly lesions which often leave behind dyspigmentation (discolouration) and scars. It is an autoimmune disease, which means that the body's immune system attacks normal skin. Sunlight has also been shown to play a role in this disease with most patches, called lesions, occurring in body areas exposed to ultraviolet radiation. DLE involves the skin, with or without the type of lupus called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). About 15 to 30 percent of SLE patients will develop DLE. Janus Kinase, or JAK, are a group of enzymes in the body involved in the development of the disease. Researchers have been working to find medicines that will inhibit JAK as it is thought that doing so will improve patients’ symptoms. This study, from the United States and Canada, assessed the effectiveness of a therapy called R333. R333 is a ‘topical’ ointment, meaning a medicine applied directly to the skin, that works by blocking the signaling of JAK and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), which is also involved in the disease. In the trial, we compared R333 to a placebo ointment. The results showed that four weeks of R333 treatment did not result in significant clinical improvement. However, further studies with different formulations are necessary to determine the utility of JAK/Syk inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune skin disease. In addition, it is often difficult to measure improvement of individual skin lesions when treated with topical medicines, when clearance may not be the same across all lesions. Therefore, we used the results of this study to evaluate an approach to assessing individual lesions. This method, called computerized planimetry, was used to digitally trace photos of specific skin lesions and was reliable for measuring the area of a DLE lesion. Therefore, this tool has the potential to be used to measure the extent of disease activity in individual lesions treated with topical medicines in future DLE trials.
Anaesthetics and platelets.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

BRITISH MEDiCAL jouRNAL I11 SEPTEBER 1971 597 layed gastric emptying, which has usually been explained by disturbance of motility caused by vagotomy.Perhaps a more rational explanation is that the gastric pacemaker and its conduction system has been separated from the distal stomach.'0Surgical manceuvres at the distal end of the stomach could also affect the conducting pathways between the antral pacesetter and the duodenum.The intrinsic electrical activity of the stomach may be as important to gastric motor function as is that of the cardiac pacemaker and conducting system to the functioning of the heart.
British Journal of Ophthalmology, London
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progress Toward Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis, 1988-1993
Journal: JAMA (1994)

From the initiation of the global poliomyelitis eradication initiative in 1988 through 2001, the number of countries where polio is endemic decreased from 125 to 10, and the number of reported polio cases decreased by >99% from an estimated 350,000 to <1,000. Wild type 2 poliovirus has not been detected worldwide since October 1999. The American and Western Pacific Regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) have been certified free of indigenous wild poliovirus. Current challenges to global polio eradication efforts include ongoing intense transmission in northern India, continued importations of wild poliovirus into polio-free areas, and the detection of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV). This report summarizes global progress in polio eradication during 2001 and the current status of the initiative.