tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Exposure and Effects in Transformer Repair Workers
Authors: Edward A. Emmett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Fifty-five present and past transformer repair workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 56 unexposed comparison workers were evaluated in a clinical-epidemiologic study. The groups were similar in most demographic variables. Adipose tissue lipid and serum PCBs concentrations were higher in current exposed workers (geometric means adipose 2.1 ppm, serum 12.2 ppb). Concentrations in comparison (0.6 ppm and 4.6 ppb) and previously exposed (0.83 ppm and 5.9 ppb) workers were lower. Statistically significant differences in serum albumin and lactic dehydrogenase, but not in other liver function tests, were seen between the exposed and comparison groups; however, after adjustment for confounding variables, no correlations were observed between liver function tests and either adipose or serum PCBs concentrations. Statistically significant correlation both before and after adjustment for confounding variables were seen with adipose PCBs and 24-hr urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroid excretion and with serum PCBs and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Both associations could reflect microsomal enzyme induction among other possibilities. No differences were seen in fasting serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL or VLDL cholesterol between the two exposure groups. A statistically significant correlation between serum PCBs and serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol was removed by adjusting for confounding variables. No correlation was seen between adipose PCBs concentrations and any serum lipid component. Partition phenomena could account for these findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abnormal passive chloride absorption in cystic fibrosis jejunum functionally opposes the classic chloride secretory defect
Authors: M. A. Russo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Due to genetic defects in apical membrane chloride channels, the cystic fibrosis (CF) intestine does not secrete chloride normally. Depressed chloride secretion leaves CF intestinal absorptive processes unopposed, which results in net fluid hyperabsorption, dehydration of intestinal contents, and a propensity to inspissated intestinal obstruction. This theory is based primarily on in vitro studies of jejunal mucosa. To determine if CF patients actually hyperabsorb fluid in vivo, we measured electrolyte and water absorption during steady-state perfusion of the jejunum. As expected, chloride secretion was abnormally low in CF, but surprisingly, there was no net hyperabsorption of sodium or water during perfusion of a balanced electrolyte solution. This suggested that fluid absorption processes are reduced in CF jejunum, and further studies revealed that this was due to a marked depression of passive chloride absorption. Although Na+-glucose cotransport was normal in the CF jejunum, absence of passive chloride absorption completely blocked glucose-stimulated net sodium absorption and reduced glucose-stimulated water absorption 66%. This chloride absorptive abnormality acts in physiological opposition to the classic chloride secretory defect in the CF intestine. By increasing the fluidity of intraluminal contents, absence of passive chloride absorption may reduce the incidence and severity of intestinal disease in patients with CF.
Corrigendum
Journal: BMJ (1941)

1RNA887If whole blood were inoculated into guinea-pigs and rats after the, seventh or eighth day no reaction or a delayed one might be obtained, but if the blood were allowed to clot and the serum taken off a reaction could be obtained.The rickettsia could sometimes be isolated throughout the febrile period and also duringbthe whole of convalescence.In the Balkans it had
Possible Mechanisms of Action of Environmental Contaminants on St. Lawrence Beluga Whales (Delphinapterus leucas)
Authors: Sylvain De Guise, Daniel Martineau, Pierre Beland, Michel Fournier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

A small isolated population of beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) that are highly contaminated by pollutants, mostly of industrial origin, resides in the St. Lawrence estuary, Qu6bec, Canada.Overhunting in the first half of the century was the probable cause for this population to dwindle from several thousand animals to the current estimate of 500.The failure of the population to recover might be due to contamination by organochlorine compounds, which are known to lead to reproductive failure and immunosuppression in domestic and laboratory animals and seals.Functional and morphological changes have been demonstrated in thyroid gland and adrenal cortex in many species exposed to organochlorinated compounds, including seals.Morphological lesions, although different, were also found in belugas.Functional evaluation of thyroid and adrenal glands of contami- nated (St.Lawrence) versus much less contaminated (Arctic) belugas is currently under way.Necropsy of St. Lawrence belugas showed numerous severe and disseminated infections with rather mildly pathogenic bacteria, which suggests immunosuppression.Organochlorine compounds and other contaminants found in beluga whales cause immunosuppression in a variety of animal species including seals.Thirty-seven percent of all the tumors reported in cetaceans were observed in St. Lawrence beluga whales.This could be explained by two different mechanisms: high exposure to environmental carcinogens and suppression of immunosurveillance against tumors.Overall, St. Lawrence belugas might well represent the risk associated with long-term exposure to pollutants present in their environment and might be a good model to predict health problems that could emerge in highly exposed human populations over time.-
THE MALTINE PHOTOGRAPHS.
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cell/molecular biology
Authors: Rsj Jj, Powell Ainley, R Wolstencroft, Rph Thompson, Ulcerative Seth, D Robbins
Journal: Gut (1996)

INTRODUCTION: Sub-micron dietary inorganic particles are actively taken up from the intestinal lumen by specialist M cells and accumulate in underlying intestinal lvmphoid aggregates.In the intestinal lumen particulates can adsorb a range of biomolecules and such interactions may significantly alter the inflammatory properties of the particle and biomolecule.AIMS: To demonstrate the adsorption of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to titanium dioxide (TiO2).a ubiquitous food additive, and examine the effect of such particle modification on the activation of monocytes.METHODS: Modified particles were formed by low energy sonication of fluorescein labelled LPS 10Ong/ml (from E. coli 055:B5) with TiO2 5gg/ml in 4mM CaCIl or deionized water.Particles were then separated by centrifugation and resuspension.LPS adsorption was demonstrated by flow cytometry.Particle size was measured by photon correlation spectroscopy.% FITC +ve particles Particle size(nm) TiO-0 300TiO. / LPS 1.5 500 TiO, / LPS + 4mm Ca 31% 1100Separated blood mononuclear cells (5x105 cellslml) from five normal volunteers were suspended in tissue culture medium containing modified particles (5g1g/ml).After 24hr culture, supernatants were harvested for interleukin 1 assay (bioassay) and the cells were labelled with monoclonal antibodies (the monocyte/macrophage markers CD14 + CD1 lc, and the activation marker CD25) for analysis by flow cytometry.RESULTS.(Means±SEM)Activated monocytes Interleukin 1 (% CD25 +ve) (pg/ml) Control 5.5 ± 3.2 0 TiO2/LPS 13.9 8.8 0 TiO./LPS + 4mm Ca 32.6 + 14.4 450 ± 174 CONCLUSIONS Titanium dioxide forms microaggregates with LPS and Ca' ions which activate monocytes and stimulate the production of the pro- inflammatory cvtokine interleukin 1.Similar processes in the intestine nlay be a mechanism of antigen delivery capable of generating mucosal hypersensitivity.
Metabolism, New York
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radiation and Chemical Activation of ras Oncogenes in Different Mouse Strains
Authors: Elizabeth W. Newcomb, Lisa E. Diamond, Steve R. Sloan, Montserrat Corominas, Isabel Guerrerro, Angel Pellicer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

A survey of a large series of radiation- or chemically induced thymic lymphomas in (AKR X RF)F1, RF/J, 129/J, and C57BL/6J mouse strains for activated ras oncogenes showed that of the tumors containing transforming activity, in more than 75% of the cases this activity segregated with either K-ras or the N-ras gene. H-ras activity was never detected. The genetic background of the host influenced susceptibility to tumor induction and oncogene activation. The K-ras gene was preferentially activated over the N-ras gene (approximately 2:1) whether the inducing agent was radiation or the chemical N-nitrosomethylurea. The activating mutation for the K-ras gene was consistently identified as a GGT to GAT transition in codon 12. In contrast, several different mutations of the N-ras gene were identified and localized to codons 12, 13, or 61. Assessment of the allelic composition of the ras locus shows that some proportion of the tumors lost the normal ras allele.
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: P. F. B. Gillett
Journal: BMJ (1967)

CorsonecEDICAL JOURNAL eight-hourly, and then orally increasing from 5 to 15 mg.eight-hourly.His restlessness, vomit- ing, and abdominal discomfort progressively in- creased.When his six-hourly dose had been reduced to 5 mg. he stole a tin labelled " Palfium" (dextromoramide) from the ward trolley and was abusive when he found it empty.At this time he began to refuse the dummy tab- lets, which he described as useless.It was of interest, however, that when his symptoms became severe he would still accept them and they produced a slight and temporary effect in that they appeared to reduce his restlessness at night and enabled him to go to sleep for short periods.He eventually reacted to treatment by
Penicillamine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M. H. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A MULTICENTER trial of penicillamine for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, conducted in the United Kingdom, produced results sufficiently encouraging to induce the Committee on the Safety of Medicines in England to add this disorder to the list of approved indications for penicillamine.<sup>1</sup>The trial seemed to confirm what various anecdotal reports<sup>2,3</sup>had already suggested: patients responding poorly to other measures often respond favorably to penicillamine. As a result of these experiences, penicillamine is not only being used more widely, but is currently being tried for patients with earlier, less debilitating, disease.<sup>4</sup>Despite the fact that the first major work with this drug was done in the United States, there has been little advocacy of this form of treatment here. The cause or causes of rheumatoid arthritis remain unknown, and the reasons for the exuberant and self-propagating inflammatory response are likewise mysterious. Therapeutic efforts must perforce be directed
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Hanny Al-Samkari, Nancy Berliner
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2017)

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a life-threatening disorder characterized by unbridled activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages resulting in hypercytokinemia and immune-mediated injury of multiple organ systems. It is seen in both children and adults and is recognized as primary (driven by underlying genetic mutations that abolish critical proteins required for normal function of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells) or secondary (resulting from a malignant, infectious, or autoimmune stimulus without an identifiable underlying genetic trigger). Clinical and laboratory manifestations include fever, splenomegaly, neurologic dysfunction, coagulopathy, liver dysfunction, cytopenias, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia, hemophagocytosis, and diminished NK cell activity. It is treated with immune suppressants, etoposide, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; more than 50% of children who undergo transplant survive, but adults have quite poor outcomes even with aggressive management. Newer agents directed at subduing the uncontrolled immune response in a targeted fashion offer promise in this highly morbid disease.
The impact of the revised case definition of AIDS
Authors: A. D. J. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Rutherford et al<sup>1</sup>find that the revised national case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) increased AIDS reporting in San Francisco by about 19%. Stehr-Green et al<sup>2</sup>found a 22% increase in cases reported under the new definition for patients treated at six hemophilia centers. I have examined the data in the Centers for Disease Control weekly reports and calculated the percentage of cases reported since the definition change that would have been reported only under the new definition. <h3>Methods.—</h3> All cases of AIDS reported to the Centers for Disease Control using both the old and new definitions were recorded and the percentage of new cases that would have been reported solely under the new definition was calculated. The rate of increase at any time in the epidemic as a whole was calculated by averaging the number of new cases reported in the preceding five weeks
Retraction Note: Noninvasive assessment of cardiac output using thoracic electrical bioimpedance in hemodynamically stable and unstable patients after cardiac surgery: a comparison with pulmonary artery thermodilution
Authors: Stefan Suttner, Thilo Schöllhorn, Joachim Boldt, Jochen Mayer, Kerstin D. Röhm, Katrin Lang, Swen N. Piper
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Infiltration with epinephrine and local anesthetic mixture in the hand
Authors: H. A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

I STRONGLY SUSPECT that the current misconceptions concerning the use of a local anesthetic and epinephrine (Adrenalin) mixture in the hand stem from Bunnell's<i>Surgery of the Hand</i>. It states: Local anesthesia, especially with adrenalin content, is best avoided as it lowers the resistance of the tissues. Tissues must have maximum vitality. Adrenalin should never be injected into a digit because from this gangrene has often resulted. The subsequent edition of this book<sup>2</sup>has mitigated this arbitrary wording, "If used in a digit it should not contain epinephrine," but two statements are made that contradict one another: "A tourniquet is essential," and then a few pages later, "Protection of and preservation of optimum blood supply is a most important factor in all extremity surgery." I feel that a very useful adjunct to hand surgery has been maligned. And surely because of this attitude, many unnecessary general anesthetics have been
The Psychology of Attention.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Does drop in T and A's pose new issue of adenotonsillar hypertrophy?
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The A he dramatic trend over the last two decades of treating otitis media and pharyngotonsillitis conservatively—with antimicrobial agents and tympanostomy tubes rather than surgical removal of the tonsils and adenoids—may be causing an increasing incidence of airway obstruction from adenotonsillar hypertrophy. At the recent meeting of the southern section of the Triological Society in Atlanta, Kenneth M. Grundfast, MD, chairman of the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Children's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, DC, and Donald J. Wittich, Jr, MD, of the Head and Neck Surgery Service at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, described 13 cases that they had seen in the last year of acute or chronic upper airway obstruction in children due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy. (In fact, Grundfast told<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS, since preparing the report, he has seen two additional cases.) The 13 children ranged in age from 15 months to 10 years. Nine had
CLOSE OF VOLUME XI.
Journal: JAMA (1888)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Amer J Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proceedings of the Thoracic Society
Journal: Thorax (1972)

A scenic tour of Australia as photo- graphed from the cockpit of a Cherokee 180 light air- craft.The route taken was up the East Coast to Cooktown in the far north, then across to Karumba on the Gulf of Carpentaria, down to Central Old, across to Mount Isa and Alice Springs, up the centre to Darwin, down the West Coast to Perth, and back to Newtown via the