tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B31: B-raf deletion and pharmacologic inhibition enhance K-ras-driven tumorigenesis
Authors: Christopher L. Murriel, Denise Kenski, Wenlin Yuan, Honglin Chen, Georgia Hatzivassiliou, Klaus Hoeflich, Jeffrey Wallin, Marcia Belvin, Yuxin Liang, Somasekar Seshagiri, David P. Davis, Leisa Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The Ras GTPase family controls numerous downstream signaling cascades in response to signals that regulate cellular processes including proliferation and survival. While Ras is one of the most prevalent targets for gain-of-function mutations in human tumors, questions remain regarding how the Ras effector pathway functions in mutant K-ras-driven tumorigenesis. Since an important function of K-ras involves B-Raf activation within the canonical MAPK signaling pathway, we initiated a study to determine B-raf's role in the context of mutant K-ras-driven tumor promotion and maintenance. We began by delivering adenovirus expressing the Cre recombinase to the lungs of genetically engineered mice possessing a conditional K-rasG12D allele (K-rasLSL-G12D) and either 0, 1 or both copies of the B-raf gene flanked by LoxP sites (B-rafCKO). This procedure results in expression of mutant K-rasG12D in the presence or absence of one or both B-raf alleles deleted within the mouse lung. Surprisingly, we observe that B-raf deletion significantly enhances lung tumor number and burden and decreases overall survival. When we used a highly specific small-molecule inhibitor that targets B-raf in a murine non-small cell lung carcinoma line harboring the K-rasG12D mutation, we observed an increase in cell proliferation and soft agar colony formation. Further investigation revealed that treating K-rasG12D expressing cells with the B-raf inhibitor enhanced MEK and Erk phosphorylation. Therefore, our data suggests that while B-raf deletion does not inhibit K-ras-driven tumor initiation and disease progression, its presence may play a pivotal role in establishing negative feedback regulation of constitutive mutant K-ras activity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B31.
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: Richard P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician's Research Training Fellowships Offered by ACS
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1984)

Physician's Research Training Fellowships Offered by ACS Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 72, Issue 6, June 1984, Page 1465, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/72.6.1465-e Published: 01 June 1984
Evaluation of Mixed Exposure to Carcinogens and Correlations of in vivo and in vitro Systems
Authors: Umberto Saffiotti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The biological evaluation of air pollutants is an example of the difficulties of evaluating the effects of mixed concurrent exposures to multiple agents, such as combinations of carcinogens with other carcinogens of the same or different chemical class, with incomplete carcinogens and cocarcinogens, with particulate materials and other factors that modify tissue distribution and retention, and with modifiers of metabolic pathways of activation and detoxication. A research approach is outlined to investigate such interactions in a series of biological systems of increasing complexity but closely related to each other in a step-by-step sequence, e.g., bacterial mutagenesis; mammalian cell mutagenesis, toxicity and neoplastic transformation, including embryo cells, fibroblasts and epithelial cells; organ cultures of target epithelia; in vivo animal systems for short-term and long-term studies, including animal models closely comparable to human pathology; observational studies of human pathology and histopathogenesis; experimental studies of corresponding human target tissues using organ and cell culture methods for metabolism, toxicity, mutagenicity and possibly neoplastic cell transformation. Respiratory carcinogenesis models were successfully used for studies of mixed exposures to different carcinogens and cofactors. The role of particulates has been found to be important but needs to be further characterized. Quantitative variations in the response to carcinogens and cofactors among different biological test systems and among different individuals in the human population make quantitative risk estimation very difficult, but studies in a sequence of related biological systems including human tissues indicate the importance of qualitative risk evaluation.
Physicochemical and Metabolic Properties of Modified Metallothioneins
Authors: D. M. Templeton, M. G. Cherian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Attempts to crosslink metallothionein through lysine residues have resulted in trapping of octameric structures. Two such polymers have been characterized. They are of a critical size for glomerular filtration, and unique tissue distributions of cadmium arise when they are injected into rats.
Cadmium Effects in Rats on Tissue Iron, Selenium, and Blood Pressure; Blood and Hair Cadmium in Some Oregon Residents
Authors: P. D. Whanger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Exposure of rats to cadmium causes a marked depletion of iron in liver and kidney.Selenium neither counteracts or intensifies the influence of cadmium on tissue iron levels.Selenium injections protect against cadmium-induced testicular damage but cause this element to accumulate in the testes at higher concentration than in animals exposed to cadmium without selenium.Selenium injection diverts the binding of cadmium from low molecular weight proteins to high molecular weight ones.Dosing rats with selenium and cadmium or inclusion of Se or Cd in the diet did not result in altered cadmium binding in tissues, raising some questions concerning the environmental significance of these injection experiments.Addition of selenium to a diet containing cadmium decreased the accumulation of cadmium in liver and kidney, but increased its deposition in testes.The metabolism of cadmium bound to metaliothionein was markedly different as compared to the inorganic salt of this element.Dietary ascorbate, but not citrate or cysteine, decreased the deposition of cadmium in rat tissues.In some low-level exposure experiments with cadmium (1 to 1000 ppb), no differences were found in the percentage of dose absorbed or rate of cadmium accumulation when provided in food versus water.Female rats tended to absorb more cadmium than males.The binding of cadmium to cytosolic proteins was found to be different between rats fed low levels of cadmium (up to 1 ppm) as compared to those fed high levels of this element (100 ppm).Cadmium was not found to contribute to hypertension in rats, and a summary of results by various investigators is presented.Blood and hair cadmium levels in Oregon residents were found to be highest in employees of a mine, and hair cadmium was found to be respectively higher in smokers than nonsmokers and in metal workers than office workers.No relationships were observed in humans between blood or hair cadmium levels and blood pressure.Cadmium is an industrial product or by-product which is of environmental concern.It is used in many industrial processes, such as a constituent of easily fusible alloys, soft solder, electroplating, deoxidizer in nickel plating, engraving processes, electrodes for vapor lamps, photoelectric cells, and nickel-cadmium storage batteries (1, 2).Therefore, there can be many industrial hazards due to this element.Concentration of cadmium has been re- ported to be higher in air of industrial cities (3), thus providing a possible environmental hazard.Cad- mium poisoning has been reported from foods which had been kept or prepared in cadmium-plated
MEMORIAL TO THE LATE DR. AMBLER, U. S. NAVY.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combination drug interactions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) S-antigen transport - inhibiting oligonucleotide polymers in vitro
Authors: Hua Tan, Jin Hong, Kang Hyunsoon, Yuchun Nie, Suping Ren, Rajendra Pandey, John Cortez, Vivek Rajwanshi, David Smith, Lawrence Blatt, Leonid Beigelman, Julian Symons
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Anonymously(?) Authored Book Urges Violence
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A CURIOUS BOOK recently was sent to<i>JAMA</i>by the book's publishers, animal activists Sydney Singer and (his wife) Tanja K. Singer. According to the Singers, the publication of this thin book has made them about as welcome among animal activists as baby seal killers. The apparent reason for this sudden unpopularity is that their book calls for violent acts against those who abuse or even use animals. In the past, instruction manuals for violent acts against the targets of animal "liberators" have circulated underground. This book appears to be the first such publication to carry a Library of Congress catalog number. The Singers say this 118-page book contains the words of an anonymous spokesperson for a group of terrorists who have already launched a secret war to free animals from human domination. <h3>'Declaration of War'</h3> The book,<i>A Declaration of War: Killing People to Save Animals and the Environment</i>
The first double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase 2 study to assess the efficacy and safety of insulin sensitizer in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in Asia-an interim report
Authors: Ming-Lun Yeh, Chung-Feng Huang, Pei-Chien Tsai, Ching-I Huang, Chia-Yen Dai, Shinn-Chern Chen, Jee-Fu Huang, Ming-Lung Yu, Wan-Long Chuang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Risk factors for disease progression after post-prostatectomy salvage radiation: Long-term results of a large institutional experience.
Authors: Danielle Rodin, Lars Wiuff Andersen, Daniela Buscariollo, Michael Drumm, Rebecca Helen Clayman, Sigolene Galland, Alec Eidelman, Adam S. Feldman, Richard J. Lee, Douglas M. Dahl, Francis J. McGovern, Aria F. Olumi, Andrzej Niemierko, William U. Shipley, Anthony L. Zietman, Jason A. Efstathiou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

110 Background: Salvage radiotherapy (SRT) has been successfully used to treat recurrent prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy (RP). The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for disease progression post-SRT. Methods: Retrospective review of 719 consecutive patients who had RP and received post-operative radiation (adjuvant/SRT) for recurrent prostate cancer from 1992-2013. Disease progression was defined by a prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≥0.2 ng/ml, local recurrence, nodal failure, or distant metastases. Analysis was restricted to patients treated after 2000, when the PSA detectability threshold decreased to 0.2. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis with backwards selection was performed with the following variables: demographics (age, race), pathological features (Gleason score, positive margins, pT-stage), surgery type, radiation details, hormone therapy, and pre-SRT PSA. Secondarily, we included PSA velocity and doubling-time as continuous variables in the model. Results: 384 patients received SRT after 2000, of which 152 had disease progression, with a median time to recurrence of 6.2 years (95% CI 4.1-7.6 years). Multivariable analysis results are reported in the Table. Gleason score, T-stage, seminal vesicle invasion, and pre-SRT PSA were associated with progression. Pre-SRT PSA ≤ 0.3 conferred the lowest rate of disease progression. In a secondary model, PSA kinetics was evaluated in which doubling-time was associated with progression (HR 0.98 per month increase, 95% CI 0.96-1.00; p=0.03). Conclusions: The lowest rate of disease progression was found amongst patients treated with a PSA ≤ 0.3. A shorter DT may also be a useful predictor of disease progression after SRT. [Table: see text]
Circles
Authors: Michael Wynn
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pneumococcal Infections
Authors: Maurice A. Mufson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE PNEUMOCOCCUS (<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>) remains a major cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media in the United States and in other parts of the world. Pneumococcal infection represents an important medical problem, not only because of its common occurrence, but also because too many deaths still occur from these serious infections despite the availability of effective antimicrobial drug treatment. Although case fatality rates in bacteremic pneumonia and meningitis have decreased markedly in the antibiotic era compared with those of the preantibiotic era, they remain unexpectedly high. This review aims to define the incidence and clinical significance of pneumococcal pneumonia and other pneumococcal infections in the US population and to identify those groups of persons who seem at highest risk for morbidity and mortality. Although pneumococcal infections occur commonly, their precise incidence is not known.<sup>1,2</sup>Epidemiologic studies aimed at establishing the incidence of pneumococcal infection in differing populations have been
Psychiatry
Authors: P. M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A number of important developments highlighted the continued evolution of psychiatry as a hypothesis-based scientific discipline in both its psychosocial and biological aspects. Indeed, one of the most exciting developments has been the emergence of the interaction between these areas. In 1994, the fourth edition of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV)</i>was published.<sup>1</sup>This revision of the<i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R)</i>(1987) was undertaken to examine the clinical utility, descriptive validity, and reliability of specific psychiatric diagnoses and to assess the psychometric properties of individual diagnostic criteria. On the whole, criteria for most psychiatric disorders are similar to those published in<i>DSM-III-R</i>. Perhaps the most significant conceptual shift was the elimination of the rubric<i>organic mental disorders</i>, which had suggested improperly that most other psychiatric disorders had no organic basis, and the substitution of the new terms<i>delirium,</i>
Virology
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ON THE COVERSocietal Change to Prevent ObesityUndertreatment of ObesityA Public Health Approach to Decreasing ObesityFood Litigation: Lessons From the Tobacco WarsThe Impact of Public Schools on Childhood ObesityThe Growing Political Movement Against Soft Drinks in SchoolsThe Masonic Temple Bride
Journal: JAMA (2002)

78% OF RESPONDENTS reported that their body weights were not a serious health concern. 1 Approximately one third of these respondents were obese, two thirds were overweight, and 15% of their children were overweight.This indifference is not appropriate.Obesity may soon replace smoking as the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.Obesity may be responsible for approximately 300000 US deaths per year, and, unlike smoking, the prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing. 2 Public health officials now refer to obesity as an epidemic.Unlike infectious diseases, obesity kills and disables by gradually increasing the risk for diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer.Recent studies estimate that obesity is more strongly associated with chronic medical conditions, and reduced health-related quality of life, than smoking, heavy drinking, or poverty. 3 Articles in this issue of MSJAMA emphasize the importance of societal change to address obesity.Tarayn Grizzard examines the undertreatment of obesity by American physicians.Susan Blumenthal, Jennifer Hendi, and Lauren Marsillo argue that a public health approach is required to address the myriad environmental and sociocultural factors contributing to obesity.Lawsuits have recently emerged to uncover and redress alleged food industry misconduct that may be contributing to the obesity problem.Richard Daynard, Lauren Hash, and Anthony Robbins discuss the future of this food litigation.The prevalence of obesity among children is also rapidly increasing and has been associated with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance. 2Robert Carter reviews the rationale and the results of school-based obesity interventions.Ellen Fried and Marion Nestle argue that soda consumption makes an important contribution to childhood obesity.They describe marketing practices designed to increase soda consumption among schoolchildren and discuss recent political initiatives to restrict these practices.The burden imposed by overweight and obesity on the United States is very high.The estimated total cost of overweight and obesity in 2000 is estimated to have been $117 billion, nearly 10% of the US health care expenditure. 2By contrast, the United Nations estimates that the yearly costs of HIV/AIDS prevention and care in Africa, Asia, and Latin America will be $9.7 billion by 2005. 4 Given the exorbitant costs of obesity, more effective interventions are urgently needed to decrease its prevalence.The fact that most Americans are overweight, yet are not concerned about the health importance of their own body weights, suggests that there remains much room for improvement.
Funktionsprüfung innerer Organe.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Untersuchungstechnik
Authors: Mathias Prokop
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Die Thoraxdiagnostik ist eines der wichtigsten Einsatzgebiete der Radiologie, auf dem bis zu 50% aller radiologischen Leistungen erbracht werden, sofern man die Ultraschalldiagnostik aus dieser Betrachtung ausklammert. Bereits vor 1900 wurden die ersten Thoraxröntgenaufnahmen angefertigt, da aufgrund der hohen Absorptionsunterschiede zwischen lufthaltigem Lungenparenchym und pulmonalen Weichgewebsstrukturen eine Diagnostik ausgezeichnet möglich war.