tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Firearm homicide among black teenage males in metropolitan counties. Comparison of death rates in two periods, 1983 through 1985 and 1987 through 1989
Authors: L. A. Fingerhut
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To identify US counties (1) that had either significantly high or significantly low firearm homicide rates among black males 15 through 19 years of age in 1983 through 1985 and in 1987 through 1989, and/or (2) that experienced a significant increase in the firearm homicide rate between 1983 through 1985 and 1987 through 1989. <h3>Design.</h3> —Using the Compressed Mortality File, a county-level mortality and population database maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control, Hyattsville, Md, county-level firearm homicide rates are analyzed. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Eighty counties with a population of at least 10 000 black males 15 through 19 years of age in 1987 through 1989. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Black males 15 through 19 years of age whose underlying cause of death was classified as firearm homicide (E965.0 through E965.4, or E970) in the<i>ICD-9 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, Ninth Revision).</i> <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —County-specific firearm homicide rate. <h3>Results.</h3> —In 1983 through 1985 and in 1987 through 1989, seven and 13 counties, respectively, were identified that had significantly high firearm homicide rates. Firearm homicide rates were significantly high in both time periods in the following counties: Los Angeles, California; Wayne, Michigan; Kings, New York; St Louis City, Missouri; and Baltimore City, Maryland. Firearm homicide rates increased significantly between 1983 through 1985 and 1987 through 1989 in 34 of the 80 counties. Twenty counties had significantly low rates in both time periods. Several counties with low rates in 1983 through 1985 experienced significant increases and by 1987 through 1989 were among those with high rates. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Surveillance of firearm homicide rates at the county level in counties with high and with low rates is a necessary first step in the development of successful violence prevention programs. Those counties where rates are high and increasing are the counties that are in greatest need for intervention strategies. Knowledge of the incidence of nonfatal firearm injuries is also needed. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:3054-3058)
International Comments
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Film Reviews
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incidence of acute mountain sickness at intermediate altitudes
Authors: C. S. Houston
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Gurewich raises the question of how to establish indications for new vascular interventions and suggests the formation of a new specialty of vascular medicine. In fact, the indications for intervention in peripheral vascular disease are well established and are based on an understanding of the natural history of the disease. Patients with ischemic rest pain, ulceration, or gangrene are at risk for limb loss and clearly are candidates for revascularization. In contrast, patients with intermittent claudication are at low risk for limb loss and most can be treated successfully with a program of no smoking and exercise. Only those patients who fail to improve with a conservative program and who have limiting or disabling symptoms should undergo angiography and vascular intervention. There is<i>no</i>evidence to suggest that treatment of asymptomatic stenoses or occlusions "before they get worse and cause symptoms" is of any benefit to the
Stress Tests
Authors: Claudia Beghi
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have been somewhat disturbed by the article by Philbrick and co-workers entitled "The Limited Spectrum of Patients Studied in Exercise Test Research," (1982; 248:2467). While I am grateful to the authors for pointing out the influence of the work-up bias on the calculations of sensitivity and specificity of a test, I am left with the impression that the use of a test less than perfect is permissible in situations that differ from those in which the test characteristics had originally been defined. To continue with the example of the exercise ECG, I believe that it would be incorrect to interpret test results obtained on patients treated with digitalis, β-blockers, or nitrates according to test characteristics derived from a patient population in which no drugs had been used. I think that, rather than caution the users of the test under these circumstances, this practice should be discouraged
Ultrasonic Aortography
Authors: Barry B. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Ultrasonic detection and measurement of the abdominal aorta can be accomplished accurately and quickly. Sections of the aorta obtained at autopsy were measured and subsequently immersed in water and studied by ultrasound. Ultrasonic aortography was performed on patients with suspected cases of abdominal aneurysm and the results compared with those obtained from contrast aortography. In four instances in which the patients came to surgery, the actual specimens were available for comparison and measurement. Preliminary results indicate that ultrasonic measurements of the aorta compare favorably with those obtained by contrast aortography and actual caliper determinations.
Issue Information
Authors: Richard Bucala, Daniel Solomon, Joseph Craft, New Haven, David Felson, Richard Loeser, Chapel Hill, Peter Nigrovic, Janet Pope, Christopher Ritchlin, Rochester Varga, Robert Terkeltaub, San Diego, Michael Weinblatt, Shervin Assassi, Vivian Bykerk, New York, Cecilia Chung, Nashville Meenakshi Jolly, Kim Jones, Maximilian Konig, Linda Li, Uyen-Sa Nguyen, Jane Diamond, Atlanta Parry, Atlanta Lesley, W Allen, Atlanta Hamilton, Atlanta Ilani, S Lorber, Atlanta Emily, W Wehby, Atlanta Weinberg, Atlanta Barraza, Atlanta Swett, Haven Roth, Daniel Aletaha, Heather Allore, Lenore Buckley, Daniel Clauw, Ann Arbor, Robert Colbert, Karen Costenbader, Nicola Dalbeth, Kevin Deane, Patrick Gaffney, Oklahoma City, Mark Genovese, Palo Alto, Insoo Kang, Wan-Uk Kim, Seoul Lim, Anne-Marie Malfait, Paul Monach, Chester Oddis, Andras Perl, Jack Porrino, Timothy Radstake, William Robinson, Georg Schett, Nan Shen, Betty Tsao, Ronald Van Vollenhoven, Fredrick Wigley, Abhishek Abhishek, Tom Appleton, Charles Auffray, André Ballesteros-Tato, Lorenzo Beretta, Bryce Binstadt, Jaime Calvo-Alen, Vitoria Canna, Pittsburgh Niek De Vries, Liana Fraenkel, Monica Guma, La Jolla, Nigil Haroon, Erica Herzog, Hui-Chen Hsu, Mariana Kaplan, Jonathan Kay, Steven Klenistein, Francis Lee, Sang-Il Lee, Rik Lories, Bing Lu, Suresh Mahalingam, Tony Merriman, Yukinori Okada, Aridaman Pandit, Kevin Winthrop, Portland Raghunathayammani, Winston-Salem Kazuki Yoshida, Paula Marchetta, Ellen Gravallese, Charles King, Kenneth Saag, Mark Andrejeski, Jasvinder Singh, Gordon Guyatt, Alexis Ogdie, Dafna Gladman, Chad Deal, Atul Deodhar, Maureen Dubreuil, Jonathan Dunham, M Husni, Sarah Kenny, Jennifer Kwan-Morley, Janice Lin, Philip Mease, Joseph Merola, Julie Miner, Bernadette Siaton, Benjamin Smith, Abby Van Voorhees, Anna Jonsson, Aakash Shah, Nancy Sullivan, Marat Turgunbaev, Laura Coates, Alice Gottlieb, Marina Magrey, W Nowell, Ana-Maria Orbai, Soumya Reddy, Jose Scher, Evan Siegel, Michael Siegel, Jessica Walsh, Amy Turner
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)
Childhood Bacteremia
Authors: Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Bacteremia is defined as the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream during life. In this context, it may be transient, and of no immediate clinical importance, or persistent, representing an infectious focus. Clinical usage distinguishes this situation from septicemia, in which bacteria in the bloodstream are associated with clinical manifestations of infection. Common usage usually restricts the label "septic" to the patient with dramatic signs and symptoms: high temperature, tachypnea and hypotension. In this issue of the Journal, McGowan and his co-workers report isolating pathogenic bacteria from the blood of 31 of 708 children seen in a pediatric Walk-in . . .
Calculating Bone-Lead Measurement Variance
Authors: Andrew Christian Todd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The technique of (109)Cd-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements of lead in bone is well established. A paper by some XRF researchers [Gordon CL, et al. The Reproducibility of (109)Cd-based X-ray Fluorescence Measurements of Bone Lead. Environ Health Perspect 102:690-694 (1994)] presented the currently practiced method for calculating the variance of an in vivo measurement once a calibration line has been established. This paper corrects typographical errors in the method published by those authors; presents a crude estimate of the measurement error that can be acquired without computational peak fitting programs; and draws attention to the measurement error attributable to covariance, an important feature in the construct of the currently accepted method that is flawed under certain circumstances.
Markers of chronic alcohol ingestion in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: An aid to diagnosis
Authors: L Fletcher
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We report here the use of the biochemical marker desialylated transferrin to aid in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Conventional biochemical tests used for the detection of chronic alcohol consumption fail to differentiate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients from alcoholic subjects. In addition, even in those alcoholic subjects with alcoholic liver disease in whom biopsy has been performed, it is impossible to differentiate these two disease states on the basis of morphological examination alone. In this study we have examined two new markers of excessive alcohol intake, desialylated transferrin and mitochondrial AST in subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and in patients consuming excessive amounts of alcohol. All nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients consumed minimal or no alcohol and were diagnosed by morphological criteria based on liver biopsy specimens. Alcoholic subjects were consuming in excess of 80 gm/day ethanol, often with clinical evidence of overt alcoholism. Control subjects included both healthy controls and patient controls with liver diseases unrelated to alcohol. The ratio of desialylated transferrin/total transferrin was elevated only in patients who consumed excessive amounts of alcohol, whereas the ratio of mitochondrial AST to total AST (mitochondrial AST/total AST) was not significantly different between alcoholic subjects and patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The sensitivity and specificity for the ratio desialylated transferrin/total transferrin was 81% and 98%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity for the mitochondrial AST/total AST ratio was 92%; the specificity was only 50%, indicating that there were a large number of false-positives. All the conventional markers were less sensitive and less specific than the ratio desialylated transferrin/total transferrin. We conclude that it is possible to differentiate patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from patients consuming excessive amounts of alcohol using the biochemical marker desialylated transferrin but not mitochondrial AST. Mitochondrial AST is useful only in those patients with an elevated total AST, whereas desialylated transferrin detects excessive alcohol ingestion whether an elevated AST is present or not. The ratio desialylated transferrin/total transferrin remains the best single laboratory marker for the determination of chronic excessive alcohol consumption and is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:455–459.)
A human case of skunk rabies. Case report with comment on virological studies and the prophylactic treatment
Authors: M. R. Gomez
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A patient acquired rabies from the bite of skunk, despite prophylactic treatment with duck-embryo vaccine. Although rabies virus was not recovered from the patient's saliva and Negri bodies were not found in his brain, rabies developed in infant mice intracranially inoculated with brain homogenate. This is the first case of human rabies in Minnesota since 1917.
An Unusual Case of Metastasising Bronchial "Adenoma" Associated with the Carcinoid Syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Hughes et al.: Cost-effectiveness analysis of adalimumab for the treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (Ophthalmology. 2019;126:415-424)
Authors: Sue Lightman, Rachael Niederer, Srilakshmi Sharma, Claire Hooper, Oren Tomkins-Netzer, Michal Kramer, Erika Marie Damato, Beatrice Peebo, Peter McCluskey
Journal: Ophthalmology (2019)
A CORRECTION.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1957)

ANY QUESTIONS ?MBRIL .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MCLJUUto the child's confidence, and this, together with the increase in capacity of the bladder, may lead to cessation of the nocturnal enuresis.An electric bell, which rings when the circuit is closed as a result of urine wetting a pad in the child's bed, is recommended by some as an effective way of producing a conditioned reflex which inhibits micturition.'It seems
MEDICAL PROGRESS.
Authors: G. P. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1883)

<h3>The Action of the Constant Current in Electricity Applied to the Brain Especially as Concerns the Eye.</h3> —Dr. Gillet de Grandmont in the Recueil d' Ophthalmologie (August) after a series of experimental researches, reviews this subject at considerable length. In using this means for the relief of eye affections, he places the negative pole on the forehead near the termination of one of the branches of the tri-facial nerve, while the positive pole is placed near the superior conical ganglion of the sympathetic. The impression produced shows itself in various ways, viz., by flashes of light which are indicative of an irritation of the optic nerve and a corresponding disturbance of the retinal elements, and serves as a means of diagnosis to determine the degree of alteration of the retina. When, for example, an amaurotic does not see the brilliant blue light, but a feeble yellow glimmer, the prognosis would
Special Shortenings
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Technique Allows Anti-Breast Cancer Drugs to Cross Blood-Brain Barrier
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

New Technique Allows Anti-Breast Cancer Drugs to Cross Blood-Brain BarrierSome breast cancer drugs can penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), but they have not been very effective against brain metastases, whereas other, more effective anti-breast cancer drugs cannot penetrate the BBB at all.In a study published October 9 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, researchers used a new approach to selectively permeabilize the BBB at sites of brain metastases, even those 200 times smaller than currently detectable in the clinic.To facilitate drug delivery to brain metastases, John Connell of the CRUK/MRC Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK, and colleagues utilized the human pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which they had previously shown could disrupt the BBB in rat brains.The researchers first verified the expression of TNF receptors in mouse as well as human brain metastases by immunohistochemistry.They then induced brain metastases in mice by injection of mouse breast carcinoma cells labeled with green fluorescent protein.After metastases were detected by MRI, the researchers injected the mice with TNF or its analog, lymphotoxin (LT) and 2-24 hours later, the radiolabeled anti-breast cancer drug, trastuzumab.Radiolabeled trastuzumab was detected at the cerebral metastases in mouse brains that had been treated with TNF, whereas the drug was excluded from metastases in control mice treated with saline solution.The same effect was observed in brain metastases of mice injected with human breast cancer cells.Importantly, BBB permeability lasted long enough to allow delivery of the drug, peaking at 6 hours and lasting 24 hours.The authors conclude that the work represents "…a novel approach to facilitating the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to cerebral metastases by exploiting a previously unknown phenotype of the vasculature of brain metastases."Connell et al. note, however, that although TNF was effective in mice, variability in TNF receptors in humans could have different effects and that this new technique must be validated in clinical trials.
The Influenza Outbreak
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal