tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dietary Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Dioxins from Infancy Until Adulthood: A Comparison between Breast-Feeding, Toddler, and Long-Term Exposure
Authors: Svati Patandin, Pieter C. Dagnelie, Paul G. H. Mulder, Eline Op de Coul, Juul E. van der Veen, Nynke Weisglas-Kuperus, Pieter J. J. Sauer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Food is the major source for polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and dioxin accumulation in the human body. Therefore, investigating food habits from early ages until reproductive age (25 years) is important in order to assess exposure risk for the next generation. The objective of this study was to assess the PCB/dioxin exposure and the relative contribution of different foods to total exposure during preschool age. Particularly, the importance of lactational PCB/dioxin exposure vs. dietary exposure until adulthood was investigated. A cohort of 207 children was studied from birth until preschool age. Based on 3 planar PCBs and 17 2,3,7,8-substituted dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) measured in breast milk, a model was developed to calculate the cumulative toxic equivalent (TEQ) intake during breast-feeding (0-1 year). In 3. 5-year-old children, daily dietary intake of planar PCB-TEQ and dioxin-TEQ was measured with a validated food questionnaire. Cumulative TEQ intake from 1 to 5 years was estimated using the PCB- and dioxin-TEQ intake measured with the food questionnaire. Cumulative TEQ intake from 6 to 25 years was estimated using national food consumption and contamination data of PCB- and dioxin-TEQ intake. In toddlers, dairy products contributed 43% to PCB-TEQ and 50% to dioxin-TEQ intake. Meat and meat products contributed 14% and 19%, respectively, and processed foods 23% and 15%, respectively. Breast-feeding for 6 months contributed to the cumulative PCB/dioxin TEQ intake until 25 years of age, 12% in boys and 14% in girls. The daily TEQ intake per kilogram body weight is 50 times higher in breast-fed infants and three times higher in toddlers than in adults. Long-term dietary exposure to PCBs and dioxins in men and women is partly due to breast-feeding (12 and 14%, respectively). After weaning, dairy products, processed foods, and meat are major contributors of PCB and dioxin accumulation until reproductive age. Instead of discouraging breast-feeding, maternal transfer of PCBs and dioxins to the next generation must be avoided by enforcement of strict regulations for PCB and dioxin discharge and by reducing consumption of animal products and processed foods in all ages.
Perinatal risk and cerebral palsy
Authors: R. J. Sokol
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A relationship between perinatal risk, ie, obstetric complications, and cerebral palsy has been documented for more than 120 years.<sup>1</sup>Interest in this association increased in the mid-20th century and was one of the factors that produced the Collaborative Project, for which data were collected at 12 teaching hospitals from 1959 to 1966, ie, about 20 years ago. The resulting data base continues to yield interesting and useful findings, such as those from the study in this issue ofThe Journalby Nelson and Ellenberg.<sup>2</sup>Of the numerous observations reported by these authors, two seem to be key findings. Among infants of normal birth weight (&gt;2,500 g), there was a relatively low risk for cerebral palsy, regardless of obstetric complications, as long as the five-minute Apgar score was normal (≥7). Similarly, the risk for cerebral palsy was not particularly high with a very low five-minute Apgar score (≤3),
A METHOD OF RENDERING ULTRAMICROSCOPIC PARTICLES VISIBLE.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Corrigenda
Journal: BMJ (1935)

EMTHE BRITISIL r EIA ORA from the nasal mucous memnbrane and pharynx.These should be taken in the morning before any rhino-pharyngeal antiseptic is applied.The author stated that the classic treatment was tc use diphtheria antitoxin in treatment of carriers, but explains its lack of success in that it is " antitoxique " rather than " antimicrobien," and it is for
Reply
Authors: Melissa Martinez, Anand Tandra, Raj Vuppalanchi
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. We appreciate the response from Simonetto et al. to our report and for sharing their concern with regard to risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, lack of antidote and risk of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) from use of rivaroxaban in patients with cirrhosis. We share similar concerns and agree that, until additional safety data are available, direct oral factor Xa inhibitors should be limited to select patients with Child's class A, where use of traditional agents for anticoagulation is not feasible. Recent publications from Potze et al.1 showed decreased in vitro anticoagulant effect of rivaroxaban and apixaban in patients with Child's class B and C cirrhosis, suggesting that these agents may not necessarily result in overanticoagulation. Additional clinical trials that include monitoring of drug levels to achieve the target range are therefore necessary. Simonetto et al. also bring to attention the nuances of using prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) with regard to risk of thrombosis with either excessive or repeated infusions to reverse anticoagulation. However, availability of andexanet alfa (clinicaltrials.gov identification no.: NCT02220725), a novel antidote to the anticoagulant effects of factor Xa inhibitors, when approved, may overcome this hurdle. After the publication of our report, we have become aware of postmarketing cases of DILI from rivaroxaban.3 Currently, there is no evidence for an increased risk of DILI in patients with cirrhosis, but it is quite conceivable that if a DILI episode would occur, the outcome in a patient with cirrhosis could be severe and fatal.
PATINA: A randomized open label phase III trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of palbociclib + anti HER2 therapy + endocrine therapy vs anti HER2 therapy + endocrine therapy after induction treatment for hormone receptor positive, HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer
Authors: O. Metzger, S. Mandrekar, E. Ciruelos, S. Loibl, P. Valagussa, A.M. Demichele, E. Lim, D. Tripathy, E. Winer, C. Huang, M. Khoeler, L. Carey, P. Francis, K. Miller, S. Goel, M.P. Goetz, A. Prat, S. Loi, I. Krop, L. Gianni
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
THE RELATION OF EYE STRAIN TO FUNCTIONAL NERVOUS DISEASES.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

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Cover Image: Metronomic chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate for advanced breast cancer: Real‐world data analyses and experience of one center
Authors: Qianyi Lu, Kaping Lee, Fei Xu, Wen Xia, Qiufan Zheng, Ruoxi Hong, Kuikui Jiang, Qinglian Zhai, Yuan Li, Yanxia Shi, Zhongyu Yuan, Shusen Wang
Journal: Cancer Communications (2020)

The cover image is based on the Original Article Metronomic chemotherapy of cyclophosphamide plus methotrexate in advanced breast cancer: Real-world data and experience of one center (CHJC-D-19-00380) by Shusen Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12029.
Physician race and care of minority and medically indigent patients
Authors: E. Moy
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relationship between physician race and care of racial minority and ethnic minority patients and medically indigent patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Secondary analysis of data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, a cross-sectional survey of Americans designed to provide national estimates of health care utilization and expenditures. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A sample representative of the total civilian noninstitutionalized US population with oversampling of minorities and the medically indigent. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Survey respondents aged 18 years or older who identified a specific physician as their usual source of care (n=15081, corresponding to a national population estimate of 116 million Americans). <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Identification of a nonwhite physician as usual source of care. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of adult Americans who identified a usual-source-of-care physician, 14.4% identified a nonwhite physician as that source of care. Minority patients were more than four times more likely to receive care from nonwhite physicians than were non-Hispanic white patients. Low-income, Medicaid, and uninsured patients were also more likely to receive care from nonwhite physicians. Individuals who receive care from nonwhite physicians were more likely to report worse health, visit an emergency department, and be hospitalized. Individuals who receive care from nonwhite physicians reported more acute complaints, chronic conditions, functional limitations, and psychological symptoms as well as longer visits. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Nonwhite physicians are more likely to care for minority, medically indigent, and sicker patients. Caring for less affluent and sicker patients may financially penalize nonwhite physicians and make them particularly vulnerable to capitation arrangements. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1515-1520)
As number of contact lens users increases, research seeks to determine risk factors, how best to prevent potential eye infections
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

BY THE TIME the news media spread the story, ophthalmologists already had strong suspicions. Wearing soft contact lenses, especially extended-wear, they feared, carried the risk of ocular infection. The American Academy of Ophthalmology had issued a warning in July 1985. There had been scattered reports in the medical literature of soft contact lens—associated corneal ulcers and infections going back at least to 1972 (<i>Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol</i>1972;76:511). And it appeared that the numbers of infections associated with contact lens wear began climbing dramatically around 1981, when extended-wear soft contact lenses were approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for persons with myopia. But most ophthalmologists say they just don't know if there are more cases because wearing soft contacts puts a person at risk, or if there is an increase simply because more persons are wearing contact lenses today. (More than 23 million people wear contact lenses
Dr. George Miller Sternberg
Journal: BMJ (1915)

Alcoholism, its Cause and Cure, originally a paper read before the Liverpool Council of Voluntary Aid.The Booth Line could not relieve him from his duties in order that he might join in the Red Cross work in France or in England, but he afforded invaluable assistance in fitting out and managing a private hospital.He was much beloved, deservedly popul.arv,and always ready to afford professional or, if necessary, pecuniary aid to those in trouble.By the death of Dr. GEORGE MILLER STERNBERG, of Washington, which occurred on November 3rd, the scien- tific world has lost one of the foremost authorities on bacteriology and epidemiology.He was born in Otsego County, in the State of New York, in June, 1838, and was therefore in his 78th year.lie graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University) in 1860, entered t.he United States army as assistant surgeon in 1861, and retired with the rank of brigadier general in 1902.He served thoughout the Civil War and had com- mand of
Health in a rural hippie commune
Authors: D. L. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1970)

All cooperating members of a small hippie commune in rural New Mexico were examined carefully for evidence of past or present illness. Current illness was infrequently documented although most had complaints of recent diarrhea, pharyngitis, cough, or gonorrhea, or the finding of an elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase level, or abnormal results of an infectious mononucleosis spot test (Monospot). Medical attention was either accepted passively or not at all. No illnesses posing hazards to neighboring communities were apparent and the incidence of "hard" drug use was low. The observations may be relevant to other groups of young people living in such communes, the numbers of which are now large and probably increasing.
Incorrect E-mail Address.
Journal: JAMA (1995)

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Medical Literature
Authors: David L. Streiner
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Reply
Authors: Anna S.F. Lok, Brian J. McMahon
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We agree that patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B and normal aminotransferase levels (immune-tolerant phase) are at risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma although it is unclear what the risk is compared with patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B and elevated aminotransferase levels.Therefore, we recommended that these patients be monitored every 6 months and more frequently when aminotransferase levels became elevated.In addition, as per our Practice Guideline, physicians should consider periodic alpha-fetoprotein testing in these individuals.We also recommended that liver biopsy examination be considered and antiviral treatment initiated if the patients remained HBeAg positive with hepatitis B virus-DNA levels greater than 10 5 copies/mL after a 3-to 6-month period of elevated aminotransferase levels.We did not recommend the initiation of antiviral treatment when the aminotransferase level was persistently normal because of the low rate of response to currently approved treatment (almost identical to placebo).Our recommendation was based on the lack of evidence that current treatment could alter the outcome of these patients and not on any misguided assumption that these patients would not develop any adverse sequelae in the future.We agree that clinical trials of new treatment that is more potent and/or effective in overcoming the lack of host immune response should include patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B and normal aminotransferase levels.Practice Guidelines are evidence-based documents.Until data supporting that treatment can result in virologic response and/or improve clinical outcome are available, we feel that it would be inappropriate to revise the Practice Guidelines with regard to treatment of HBeAg-positive patients with normal aminotransferase levels.
Vasculitis with urticaria, hypocomplementemia, and multiple system involvement
Authors: P. U. Feig
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A patient with cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis had chronic urticaria associated with multiple system involvement including arthralgias, glomerulonephritis, myositis, pseudotumor cerebri, and adenopathy. Persistent hypocomplementemia is noted with classic pathway activation. The syndrome recognized in this patient and those few individuals reported previously seems to constitute a distinct category of collagen-vascular disease. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2065-2068, 1976)
Cervicofacial Actinomycosis
Authors: Harry J. Tamoney
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A THREEFOLD purpose is intended in the presentation of this report. The first is to once again dispel and discredit the age old view that cervicofacial actinomycosis results from the chewing of grain and straw or from contamination by the soil. The second is to disregard contagion as a causative agent and to identify the etiology as trauma in the oral cavity. The third is to reveal how relapse of actinomycosis can be expected if long-term antibiotic therapy is not employed. In 1938, Cope<sup>1</sup>in a classic monogram arbitrarily divided this chronic, granulomatous, pyogenic disease into three varieties. (1) cervicofacial, (2) thoracic, and (3) abdominal. The cervicofacial, which is the most common form, is reported in this article. One must be very explicit in distinguishing actinomycosis from nocardiosis, as these although related and often clinically indistinguishable conditions are definitely two separate diseases. The normal abode of<i>Actinomycoes bouis</i>or
Long-term Care
Authors: Robert L. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Long-term care (LTC) expenditures have continued to increase, with the bulk of public LTC expenditures continuing to go toward nursing home care. Recently, however, there has been a move toward greater diversification of LTC, in spectrum of both clientele and care modality, with a concomitant change in the nature and role of the nursing home as the touchstone of LTC. Long-term care has come to include both an acute component (sometimes called "subacute care" or "postacute care"), which effectively provides the care formerly offered in hospitals, and the more traditional chronic component, which includes both medical and social services. As the name implies, subacute care has a shorter time frame and serves patients who are expected to recuperate or die, while the more chronic form provides more sustained supportive services. Specific phenomena include invigorated postacute care, socially oriented approaches to meeting chronic LTC needs at home or in residential settings,
Les dilatations des bronches: Clinique, pathogenie, diagnostic et traitement
Journal: JAMA (1934)

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Elective neck dissection for intraoral cancer
Authors: H. W. Southwick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The natural history of intraoral cancer is well documented. Over 90% of such cancers are epidermoid; the primary route of metastases is through the lymphatic channels, hematogenous dissemination is rare except as a terminal event and then such disease is usually not of clinical significance,<sup>8,10</sup>and finally, the vast majority of treatment failures die with their disease still regionally confined. Although the principle of en bloc excision of the primary tumor and its regional lymph nodes together with the intervening lymphatics has been accepted almost universally in the treatment of other epithelial lesions, such as, breast and colon, the application of this principle to the treatment of intraoral cancer has been slow in its acceptance. However, accumulating evidence leaves little doubt today that there is merit in performing a regional node dissection as a part of the primary treatment of such disease. For a time the issue was confused