tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: William J. Monaghan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract CT-04: A phase II study of neoadjuvant metformin in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Anthony M. Joshua, Vanessa Zannella, Barbara Bowes, Marianne Koritzinsky, Joan Sweet, Andrew Evans, John Trachtenberg, Michael Jewett, Antonio Finelli, Neil Fleshner, Michael Pollak
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Metformin is an inhibitor of the complex 1 in the respiratory chain, and is widely used in diabetes due to its effect on reducing insulin resistance. It has also been recently described to have effects via AMPK on inhibiting the mTOR kinase. Significant preclinical and epidemiological studies suggest its role in chemoprevention. These actions provide significant rationale to evaluate its utility in prostate cancer. We conducted a phase II single centre study of neoadjuvant metformin in localised prostate cancer. Methods: Men were required to have histologically confirmed prostate cancer involving at least 20% of at least 1 unfragmented biopsy core. Exclusion criteria included patients who on initial assessment are found to be on treatment with any drug used for the treatment of any form of diabetes, or patients that begin treatment for any form of diabetes during the course of the study. Pts were treated with up to 500mg tid of metformin. The primary objectives were to demonstrate safety and tolerability of neoadjuvant metformin administration in men with prostate cancer and to document changes in phospho-AKT signalling indices. Results: 24 patients were enrolled with 22 evaluable; median age was 64 yrs (range, 45-70 yrs). Baseline characteristics included median PSA 6 ng/mL (range, 3.22-36.11ng/mL). Median duration of drug treatment was 41 days (range 18-81). No grade 3 adverse events were reported, all patients underwent subsequent radical prostatectomy with adverse effects related to metformin. Significant pre-and post changes were noted in serum IGF1 (p=0.02), fasting glucose (p=0.03), BMI (p&amp;lt;0.01) and waist/hip ratio (p&amp;lt;0.01). There was a trend for a PSA reduction (p=0.08). There were no correlations between any metabolic, morphometric or cancer-related serum indices. Conclusions: Neoadjuvant metformin is well tolerated prior to radical prostatectomy. Data to date indicates promising effects on metabolic parameters, tissue results will be presented including proliferation indices and signaling pathway assessments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr CT-04. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-CT-04
Hyperglycemia inhibits endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by posttranslational modification at the Akt site
Authors: Xue Liang Du, Diane Edelstein, Stefanie Dimmeler, Qida Ju, Chengyu Sui, Michael Brownlee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is activated by phosphorylation of serine 1177 by the protein kinase Akt/PKB. Since hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction increases O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification and decreases O-linked phosphorylation of the transcription factor Sp1, the effect of hyperglycemia and the hexosamine pathway on eNOS was evaluated. In bovine aortic endothelial cells, hyperglycemia inhibited eNOS activity 67%, and treatment with glucosamine had a similar effect. Hyperglycemia-associated inhibition of eNOS was accompanied by a twofold increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification of eNOS and a reciprocal decrease in O-linked serine phosphorylation at residue 1177. Both the inhibition of eNOS and the changes in its post-translational modifications were reversed by antisense inhibition of glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the hexosamine pathway, or by blocking mitochondrial superoxide overproduction with uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) or manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Immunoblot analysis of cells expressing myc-tagged wild-type human eNOS confirmed the reciprocal increase in O-linked N-acetylglucosamine and decrease in O-linked serine 1177 phosphorylation in response to hyperglycemia. In contrast, when myc-tagged human eNOS carried a mutation at the Akt phosphorylation site (Ser1177), O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification was unchanged by hyperglycemia and phospho-eNOS was undetectable. Similar changes in eNOS activity and covalent modification were found in aortae from diabetic animals. Chronic impairment of eNOS activity by this mechanism may partly explain the accelerated atherosclerosis of diabetes.
Dr. De Eds Is Assistant Professor.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic effect of CD55<sup>SC-1</sup> in gastric carcinoma (GC) and survival after treatment with the monoclonal antibody SC-1
Authors: W. Timmermann, B. Illert, H. Reindl, H. Rückle-Lanz, M. Wilhelm, F. Hensel, H. P. Vollmers, H. K. Müller-Hermelink, D. Coquoz, A. Thiede
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4067 Background: SC-1 is a human monoclonal IgM antibody that targets CD55SC-1, a cell surface receptor specifically expressed on human GC cells, inducing apoptotic cell death and tumor cell regression in nude mice with no toxicity. The aim of this study was to examine whether CD55SC-1 expression is a prognostic tool in GC, and whether SC-1 confers a survival benefit in GC patients. Methods: Retrospective data from 126 CD55SC-1 positive and negative GC surgery-only patients from 1990–1997 was used to determine the prognostic ability of CD55SC-1. In an open-label, non-randomized study between 1997–2001, 51 CD55SC-1 positive GC patients received a single i.v. infusion of 10–30mg SC-1 24–48 hours before curative surgical (R0) resection. Data were compared to 19 CD55SC-1 negative GC patients who received only curative surgery between 1997–2001. Results: In the retrospective analysis, median survival of CD55SC-1 negative R0 patients was better than untreated CD55SC-1 positive R0 patients (93 months vs. 27 months); better UICC staging is associated with CD55SC-1 negative patients who are more associated with longer survival than CD55SC-1 positive patients (Cox proportional hazards, HR=2). In R0 resected patients after 1997, treatment with SC-1 increased survival at 2 years (77%) compared to CD55SC-1 negative untreated patients (63%). Conclusions: CD55SC-1 may be a prognostic factor in GC; an imbalance in UICC stage between CD55SC-1 positive and negative patients requires further data to confirm the prognostic ability of CD55SC-1, and may also indicate that CD55SC-1positive tumors are more aggressive. Treatment of CD55SC-1 positive GC patients with SC-1 increased 2-year survival compared to CD55SC-1 negative untreated patients. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration H3 Pharma, Inc.; OncoMab GmbH OncoMab GmbH OncoMab GmbH
Depressed immune function in patients with cirrhosis before emergence of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: T Saibara
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Hegpatocellular carcinomas 1 cm in diameter with high or low echogenicity can be detected on ultrasonography and confirmed on fine-needle biopsy, but it is still very difficult to detect small hepatocellular carcinomas with isoechogenicity. In this study, we assessed lymphokine-activated killer cell activity and interferon-γ production prospectively every 1 to 3 mo for 23 ± 4 mo (mean ± 1 S.D.) in 227 patients with cirrhosis. Transient depression of lymphokine-activated killer activity was detected in 43 patients (defective lymphokine-activated killer group), and hepatocellular carcinoma was detected in 24 cases before the end of the 18-mo follow-up. Twenty-one (87.5%) of the 24 hepatocellular carcinoma patients were included in the defective lymphokine-activated killer group. Defective lymphokine-activated killer activity was detected more than 6 mo before detection of a space occupying lesion in the liver or elevation of α-fetoprotein level above 400 ng/ml. Serum α-fetoprotein level was elevated above 400 ng/ml in only five cases in which hepatocellular carcinoma was detected as a space-occupying lesion. Our results indicate that sequential assessment of lymphokine-activated killer activity may be a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma and that the depression of immune function in cirrhotic patients is a serious risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma emergence. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:315–319).
MOLLUSCUM SEBACEUM.
Authors: HENRY MACCORMAC, ROBERT SCARFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1937)

Journal Article MOLLUSCUM SEBACEUM. Get access HENRY MACCORMAC, HENRY MACCORMAC Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROBERT SCARFF ROBERT SCARFF Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 April 1937, Page 208, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1937.tb11180.x Published: 01 April 1937
Sickness and job satisfaction.
Journal: BMJ (1971)

airways in the adult cannot always be excluded by routine clinical examination or by simple spirometric tests ofventilatory capacity.In bronchitic patients with little disability it might seem unnecessary to embark on the more complex investiga- tions needed to establish the diagnosis.But diseases of the distal airways are usually progressive and can even lead to disruption of the alveoli, especially if there is a well-developed collateral ventilation to the obstructed units of lung tissue.'Discovery of the peripheral lesion at an early stage could be helpful in prognosis, in the recognition of certain environ- mental hazards to the lung, and perhaps in preventing ultimate disability by treatment.Simpler methods are needed for the diagnosis of narrowing of the peripheral airways.Exercise may actually disguise the fault by improving the distribution of ventilation," but rapid respirations at rest can bring to light an abnormality offunction not evident during quiet breathing.'0Perhaps a practicable diagnostic test for detecting narrowing of the distal airways will eventually be evolved from measure- ments made at fast respiratory rates in resting patients.
Special meeting of Council
Authors: B Cvijetic, A Osborne, J Anderson, R Whitelocke, J Barlow, J Dove, G Mackinlay, H Bagshaw, J Clothier, A French, Mcn Miller, K Chatamra, J Coyle, M Booth, R Gower, R Jones, N Lake, R Pease, P Alvey, M Fraser, J Morsman, M Cooper, A Jones, B Greenway, L Kennedy, L Thomas, J Johnson, G Radcliffe, J Shepherd, D Moffat, R De, L Stanbridge, H De Haas, P Jones, A Farag, N Ray, Y Dhar, S Bhattacherjee, S Bagchi, Mcg Mailer, R Mishra, F Benjamin, A Jafar, E Manneh, Veena Mohan, I Swedan, M Younus, A El, H El-Bayoumi, T Hejazy, B Kundu, G Ismail, A-R Felahi, D Michell, H Radwan, A Sen, A Elsefi, L Freeman, J Gately, J Berman, S Bhattacharya, J Boland, V Bopaiah, J Gonsalves, A Kaisary, J Mackay, A Salman, V Sambasivarao, R Al-Ansari, R Basur, J Bransom, M Ganesaratnam, J Hede, H Jadid, A Nagesh, A Ogunnaike, K Raje, P Singhal, F Totonchi, S Walia, A El-Kabroun, R Grimley, S Hazelton, R Memon, C Mitchell, G O'connor, A Padwell, A Raftery, A Rowse, E St, P Wood, A Aukland, B Black, D Cleak, I Donaldson, F Graham, J Guillou, G Hooper, D Hope, S Z-E Ibrahim, A Jaber, R Jayachandran, C Morgan, S Qdaibo, H Philp, J Ramsay, A Samuel, T Sharpe, J Spencer, J Sukhtankar, D Tregoning, R Warne, H Weaver, R Weaver, N Allen, T Babekir, J Bett, L Beynon, D Bird, F Branicki, P Burge, Jean Carruthers, S Chahal, R Croton, C Fyfe, R Glass, L Goodman, R Higson, J John, R Leach, J Lloyd, J Moore, G Proud, J Psaila, D Shore, A Shorthouse, C Vaughton, P Devitt, R Mason
Journal: BMJ (1976)
Comparison of bimodality versus trimodality therapy for esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer: Experience from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre.
Authors: Akina Natori, Hao-Wen Sim, Bryan Anthony Chan, Peiran Sun, Stephanie Moignard, Daniel Yokom, Charles Henry Lim, Maria Jiang, Lucy Xiaolu Ma, Eric Xueyu Chen, Geoffrey Liu, Jennifer J. Knox, Gail Elizabeth Darling, Johnathan Chi-Wai Yeung, Rebecca Wong, Sara Hafezi-Bakhtiari, James Conner, Patrik Rogalla, Raymond Woo-Jun Jang, Elena Elimova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

122 Background: There are no phase 3 trials comparing definitive chemoradiation (bimodality) versus. perioperative chemoradiation (trimodality) for locoregional esophageal/GEJ cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis (2011-2015) compared bimodality and trimodality therapy in patients (pts) with locoregional esophageal/GEJ cancer treated with curative intent. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated from the date of diagnosis. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusted for patient and disease factors. Results: Of 108 patients, 82 (76%) were male. Mean ages were 69.5 ± 11.0 years (bimodality; N = 41) and 60.5 ± 11.1 years (trimodality; N = 67). For bimodality pts, 37% had adenocarcinoma and 63% had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). For trimodality pts, 79% had adenocarcinoma and 21% had SCC (p &lt; 0.0001). Bimodality pts received a higher radiation dose compared to trimodality pts (50.1 ± 6.7 vs. 45.2 ± 6.4 Gy). Median follow-up was 49.3 months. We found no significant OS difference between bimodality (27.0 months) and trimodality therapy (29.8 months) in the overall cohort (p = 0.57) (4 year OS rate: 42% vs. 38%). In the subgroup with adenocarcinoma histology, trimodality therapy significantly improved OS and DFS compared to bimodality (OS: 31.8 vs. 10.4 months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18-0.66, p = 0.001; DFS: 15.0 vs. 6.7 months; HR 0.39, 95%CI 0.21-0.73, p = 0.003). In the SCC subgroup, median OS and DFS were similar (OS: not reached vs. 29.2 months, p = 0.48; DFS: 27.0 vs. 24.0, p = 0.96). Using multivariable regression with AIC backward selection, the only retained prognostic factors were treatment modality (p = 0.06) and histology (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings support preferential use of trimodality therapy for pts with adenocarcinoma histology given superior OS and DFS, whereas bimodality and trimodality therapy appeared comparable in pts with SCC histology. Pending confirmation in a larger series with longer follow-up, these findings suggest differential treatment algorithms for locoregional esophageal and GEJ cancer based on tumor histology.
Surgery of the Heart and Structures Related to It
Authors: John W. Strieder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

Trauma Wounds What can be accomplished in the reduction of the mortality from wounds of the heart is ably demonstrated in a paper by Elkin13 from the Department of Surgery at Emory University. Abstracts of the histories of 23 patients operated on for wounds of the heart are presented. In this series, the mortality rate was 22 per cent, as compared with 42 per cent in 38 cases previously reported from the same department. Although it has generally been considered that the intravenous administration of fluids prior to operation in cases of acute pericardial tamponade is contraindicated because of the . . .
Genome Milestone
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Joseph E. Parrillo
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The accreditation process in the evolving subspecialty of critical care medicine continues to be of primary importance to those in the field. During the past 15 years, the concept of an intensivist trained in the multiple subspecialty areas necessary to care for a broad range of critically ill patients has been accepted. However, disagreement still exists about whether training in a pulmonary subspecialty is sufficient background or whether a multidisciplinary critical care background is needed. During 1985 and 1986, subspecialty board examinations in critical care medicine were given by the four major sponsoring specialties: anesthesiology, pediatrics, surgery, and internal medicine. In internal medicine, for example, physicians trained in internal medicine and one or more of its subspecialties can take the examination after completing an accredited fellowship program containing at least 12 full months of clinical critical care training in an intensive care unit (ICU) environment. Those physicians without formal fellowship
Thyroid carcinoma with spinal cord compression
Authors: L. D. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Characteristics of cases of spinal cord compression from metastatic thyroid carcinoma show that this rare complication is not necessarily a preterminal event. It seems to have some propensity to occur during withdrawal of thyroid suppressive therapy in preparation for radioactive iodine treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:953-954)
Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study
Authors: O. Nygard
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate the relations between established cardiovascular risk factors and total homocysteine (tHcy) in plasma. <h3>Design.</h3> —Health examination survey by the Norwegian Health Screening Service in 1992 and 1993. <h3>Setting.</h3> —General community, Hordaland County of Western Norway. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 7591 men and 8585 women, 40 to 67 years of age, with no history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, or cerebrovascular disease were included. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Plasma tHcy level. <h3>Results.</h3> —The level of plasma tHcy was higher in men than in women and increased with age. In subjects 40 to 42 years old, geometric means were 10.8 μmol/L for 5918 men and 9.1 μmol/L for 6348 women. At age 65 to 67 years, the corresponding tHcy values were 12.3 μmol/L (1386 men) and 11.0 μmol/L (1932 women). Plasma tHcy level increased markedly with the daily number of cigarettes smoked in all age groups. Its relation to smoking was particularly strong in women. The combined effect of age, sex, and smoking was striking. Heavy-smoking men aged 65 to 67 years had a mean tHcy level 4.8 μmol/L higher than never-smoking women aged 40 to 42 years. Plasma tHcy level also was positively related to total cholesterol level, blood pressure, and heart rate and inversely related to physical activity. The relations were not substantially changed by multivariate adjustment, including intake of vitamin supplements, fruits, and vegetables. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Elevated plasma tHcy level was associated with major components of the cardiovascular risk profile, ie, male sex, old age, smoking, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol level, and lack of exercise. These findings should influence future studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1526-1533)
Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Added Onto Pioglitazone and Metformin Versus Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-1). Diabetes Care 2014;37:2159–2167
Authors: Carol Wysham, Thomas Blevins, Richard Arakaki, Gildred Colon, Pedro Garcia, Charles Atisso, Debra Kuhstoss, Mark Lakshmanan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)
Is Autoimmunity a Factor in Obesity?
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal