tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of pentoxifylline pretreatment on kupffer cells in rat liver transplantation
Authors: K KOZAKI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Previous research with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor, suggests that this drug may be capable of suppressing the activation of Kupffer cells and thereby help decrease liver injury after transplantation. To investigate this possibility, the current study sought to determine whether the release of O2− and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from Kupffer cells in donor livers can be suppressed if the organs are exposed to PTX before preservation. In an in vitro experiment, rat livers were flushed with PTX (25 mg/kg body weight) in University of Washington (UW) solution or UW solution alone (control) and then and stored in UW solution for either 4 or 24 hours. Kupffer cells then were purified and their degree of activation determined by measuring O2− release and the production of TNF after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In an in vivo experiment, a group of rats underwent orthotopic liver transplantation with grafts prepared in the same manner as in the in vitro study. TNF and aspartate transaminase (AST) were measured in blood samples taken 3 hours and 24 hours after transplantation. Compared with controls, the Kupffer cells from grafts pretreated with PTX produced significantly less O2− and TNF, and the recipients of PTX-pretreated grafts had lower levels of TNF and AST 3 hours after transplantation. The current data indicate that O2− and TNF production in liver grafts is suppressed by PTX pretreatment. Through its suppressive effect on Kupffer cells, PTX may help minimize preservation-reperfusion injury and improve graft survival. (HEPATOLOGY 1995; 21:1079–1082.)
Neurology
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>'Drug Holidays' and Parkinson's Disease</h3> A major advance in neurological therapeutics has been achieved in the last decade, using a regimen of levodopa or a combination of levodopa and carbidopa in Parkinson's disease.<sup>1,2</sup>Almost all patients with Parkinson's disease will respond in some degree to these drugs. With time, however, usually in three to six years, the effects of long-term levodopa therapy may become blunted.<sup>2-4</sup>Furthermore, the incidence of levodopa-induced side effects progressively increases. For example, after five years, 40% to 80% of patients with Parkinson's disease taking these medications will demonstrate dyskinesias.<sup>5</sup>Alterations in motor skills become common. Sudden changes from dyskinesias to akinesia (the on-off phenomenon) are well described.<sup>6</sup>Psychiatric symptoms of a toxic confusional type may occur, especially in the elderly.<sup>7</sup>Myoclonus and dystonias have been reported as well.<sup>8,9</sup>It is suggested that these side effects are related to alterations in
Mode of Action and the Assessment of Chemical Hazards in the Presence of Limited Data: Use of Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) under TSCA, Section 5
Authors: Charles M. Auer, J. Vincent Nabholz, Karl P. Baetcke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Section 5 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requires that manufacturers and importers of new chemicals must submit a Premanufacture Notification (PMN) to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 90 days before they intend to commence manufacture or import. Certain information such as chemical identity, uses, etc., must be included in the notification. The submission of test data on the new substance, however, is not required, although any available health and environmental information must be provided. Nonetheless, over half of all PMNs submitted to the agency do not contain any test data; because PMN chemicals are new, no test data is generally available in the scientific literature. Given this situation, EPA has had to develop techniques for hazard assessment that can be used in the presence of limited test data. EPA's approach has been termed "structure-activity relationships" (SAR) and involves three major components: the first is critical evaluation and interpretation of available toxicity data on the chemical; the second component involves evaluation of test data available on analogous substances and/or potential metabolites; and the third component involves the use of mathematical expressions for biological activity known as "quantitative structure-activity relationships" (QSARs). At present, the use of QSARs is limited to estimating physical chemical properties, environmental toxicity, and bioconcentration factors. An important overarching element in EPA's approach is the experience and judgment of scientific assessors in interpreting and integrating the available data and information. Examples are provided that illustrate EPA's approach to hazard assessment for PMN chemicals.
European Medical Schools
Journal: JAMA (1971)

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A Prototype Approach to Personality Disorder Diagnosis
Authors: Drew Westen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Virtually no research has tested alternatives to the diagnostic method used since DSM-III, which requires decisions about the presence/absence of individual diagnostic criteria, followed by counting symptoms and applying cutoffs (the count/cutoff method). This study tested an alternative, prototype matching procedure designed to simplify diagnosis. The procedure was applied to personality disorders. Method: A random national sample of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists (N=291) described a randomly selected patient in their care. Clinician-provided diagnostic data were used to generate categorical and dimensional DSM-IV diagnoses (number of symptoms present per disorder). Clinicians also used one of two prototype matching systems to provide a diagnosis for the selected patient. Results: Prototype diagnosis led to reduced comorbidity relative to DSM-IV diagnosis, yielded similar estimates of validity in predicting criterion variables (adaptive functioning, treatment response, and etiology), and outperformed DSM-IV diagnosis in ratings of clinical utility and ease of use. Adding a personality health prototype further increased prediction. Conclusions: A simple prototype matching procedure provides a viable alternative for improving diagnosis of personality disorders in clinical practice. Prototype diagnosis has multiple advantages, including ease of use, minimization of artifactual comorbidity, compatibility with naturally occurring cognitive processes, and ready translation into both categorical and dimensional diagnosis.
Isolation and Identification of Hematopoietic Stem Cell–Stimulating Substances From Kampo (Japanese Herbal) Medicine, Juzen-Taiho-To
Authors: Hiroko Hisha, Haruki Yamada, Masumi H. Sakurai, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Yongan Li, Cheng-ze Yu, Norito Takemoto, Hideki Kawamura, Katsunori Yamaura, Seiichi Shinohara, Yasuhiro Komatsu, Masaki Aburada, Susumu Ikehara
Journal: Blood (1997)
Medical News: London Letter.
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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The physician and the handicapped child. Dilemmas of care
Authors: M. A. Forman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

WITHIN medicine, problems of care are usually discussed in terms of data gathering, treatment strategies, and outcome evaluation. Scientific advances notwithstanding, medicine remains a profession that is highly social in context and transactional in approach. Care involves attitudes, expectations, and values as much as it does instruments, surgery, and drugs. In working with children, and especially handicapped children, there are many dilemmas of care that the physician confronts. These are often described as "emotional issues" presented by the handicapped child<sup>1</sup>and his family<sup>2</sup>(eg, problems of overprotection, denial, rejection, overcompensation, depression, and loss of self-image). These problems generally relate to the family and not to the physician. However, there are also social and transactional issues that affect the physician as well, and these have received less attention. We offer the following as several examples of such dilemmas. <h3>The Toleration of Uncertainty</h3> The physician is trained to do. Medicine attracts
Biomedical Ethics and the Law
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Just over two years ago, the first edition of an impressive collection of articles on medical ethics and the law was reviewed in this column. Almost all of the material in that volume consisted of reprints of essays by various authors from ethical, Philosophical, and medical journals. This second edition incorporates most of the material of the first, together with a cadre of recent articles that strengthen its format and give it a more balanced presentation of controversial subjects. Indeed, the editors must have had some difficulty in deciding which articles from the first edition should be winnowed out for this latest effort. The shortest of the five major sections is on abortion, running 89 pages. The now famous legal case of<i>Roe vs Wade</i>is included, together with dissents and commentary. There is an excellent new essay by Humber considering abortion as an avoidable moral dilemma. The other four
PLASTIC SURGERY OF THE RENAL PELVIS AND URETER
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surgical management of aortic valve disease in the elderly
Authors: W. G. Austen
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Forty patients over the age of 70 years, with an average age of 74.6 years, have undergone aortic valve surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the past eight years. Thirty-eight patients had calcific aortic stenosis, and two had aortic insufficiency. Debridement of the aortic valve was performed early in our experience in the surgical treatment of aortic stenosis in four patients, three of whom survived. Two of these patients as well as the other thirty-six underwent prosthetic aortic valve replacement. In this group of 40 patients, 32 of whom were in cardiac class IV, there were eight hospital deaths (20%) and three late deaths (7.5%). The 29 survivors are all much improved, and some spectacularly so. These results justify an aggressive approach to aortic valve replacement in the elderly, if the patient's general status warrants it.
Blue Heron
Authors: Mary E. Martin
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Genetics of hyperuricemia and achievement
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Recent investigations correlating hyperuricemia with achievement have been prompted by the relatively frequent occurrence of gout among the eminent in history.<sup>1-3</sup>A genetic family evaluation is a logical extension of the clinical studies. Particularly suitable for consideration are the Harrisons of Virginia who for ten consecutive generations in this country have occupied high elective public office. Among these and the equally eminent cognate line of Lee, several cases of acute gouty arthritis have been documented. Already published but uncorrelated historical data permit genetic association and analysis.<sup>4,5</sup> A high serum urate level is characteristic of noninvolved members of families where gout is manifest. Also, such arthritis is known to occur in relatively few individuals with familial hyperuricemia. Achievement, leadership, range of activity, and drive correlate with elevated serum urate levels, this being established in university professors, military personnel of high intelligence, medical students, and executives.<sup>1,2</sup>
JAMA Psychiatry
Authors: Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Shannon Sparenga, Nicole Balin, Miriam Cintron, Paul Ruich, Diane Cannon, Connie Manno, Fred Marshall, Laura Copyreaders, Catherine Adamczyk, Stephanie Alden, Jan Beckmeyer, Mary Clavey, Paula Coerver-Connolly, Roya Glitman, Laura Khatiblou, Donna King, Caroline Thordsen, Wanda Assistant, Larry Bryant, Monica Mungle, Elaine Williams, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Fanny Brown, Paul Frank, Peter Kim, Rachell Lozano, Michaela Mark, Kathryn Muskovich, Gale Saulsberry, Michael Berkwits, Michelle Kurzynski, Eric Butkus, Will English, Christopher Hastings, Craig Mccaffrey, Reuben Rios, Ronna Henry, Joshua Bird, Karen Bucher, Samantha Welker, David Song, Deputy Livingston, Thomas Cole, Marla Hall, Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis, Joseph Thornton, Preeti Malani, Deanna Bellandi, Jim Periodical, Thomas Easley, Brian Shields, Monica Smith, Jeffery Bonistalli Manager, Kathy Russell, Mirna Monal, Stacey Mchugh, Marketing Thornbury, Tricia Castellano, Thalia Moss, Mike Harvey, Susan Henning, Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian Mccartney, David Baum, Rebecca Haas, Christine Hearne, Irma Lara, Ron Marketing, Paul Gee, Matt Herron, Elizabeth Solaro, Geoffrey Flick Managers, Rick Bell, Lindsay Dawson, Michael Mcgraw, Romando Rossini, Stacy Staff, Millette Jackson-Bates, Karen Adams-Taylor, Karl Elvin, Jaye Mize, Sean O'donnell, Sue Managers, David Antos, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Denise Steinhauser, Production Services, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Timothy Burke, Daniel Degroot, Jordynn Farrar, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Tiffany Jones, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Dexter Golden, Erin Hinchcliff, Maria Nienhaus, Noemi Rivera, Geneine Van, Someren Composition, New Media, Gail Barrett, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Teri Hutchison, Mary Kuranda, Joshua Lampinen, Nathan Mitre, Patricia Panek, La Son, Diggs Sledge, George Thomson Graphics, Joe Amft, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Daniel James, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, Sam Wilder, James Madara, Bernard Hengesbaugh, Dan Blazer, North Carolina, David Braff, La Jolla, Naomi California, Stephen Breslau, Washington Dager, Atlanta Druss, Susan Georgia, New Essock, New York, Ellen York, John Hardy, James Harris, Maryland Shitij Kapur, Kenneth Kendler, Virginia Ronald, C Kessler, Kathleen Merikangas, Maryland Samples O'malley, Michael Owen, Fmed Sci, Judith Rapoport, Maryland Charles, F Reynolds, Myrna Weissman, Naomi Wray, Charles Zorumski, St Louis, Roy Grinker Sr, Daniel Freedman, Jack Barchas, Joseph Coyle, Jennifer Urbano Blackford, Dost Öngür, Ira Phillips, Helena Chmura Kraemer, Howard Bauchner, Stephan Heckers
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2015)
DANGERS OF COCAIN.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

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Author Index
Authors: Stuart Shipko, I. Modai, A. Bleich, Galia Cygielman, Ranjan Roy, Maurizio Fava, Giovanni A. Fava, Robert Kellner, Emanuela Serafini, Ismaele Mastrogiacomo, Rolf Eide, Reidar Thyholdt, Espen Hamre
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)
Gynecology for Nurses.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regulation of fatty-acid metabolism by pancreatic hormones in cultured human hepatocytes
Authors: C Vons
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effects of pancreatic hormones and cyclic AMP on long-chain fatty-acid metabolism were investigated in human hepatocytes isolated from 12 liver biopsy specimens and cultured for 4 days in an insulin-free medium. Glucagon (10−6 mol/L) increased endogenous ketone body production by 150%. This resulted from alterations in the partition of long-chain fatty acids from esterification toward oxidation. Glucagon or cyclic AMP enhanced (14C) oleate oxidation (basal = 45.8% ± 5.0%; glucagon = 66.8% ± 5.3%; cyclic AMP = 67.6% ± 5.0% of metabolized oleate) at the expense of oleate esterification. Insulin (10−7 mol/L) antagonized the glucagon-induced oleate oxidation. After 24 hr in basal culture conditions, the rate of lipogenesis decreased to the same low rate as in glucagon-treated cells. The presence of insulin did not restore a high rate of lipogenesis. These results are the first direct evidence of a control of ketone body production by glucagon in the human liver. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:1126–1130.)
Emergency medical kits to be required cargo on commercial airliners. But will they fill the bill?
Authors: J. M. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ON AN Eastern Airlines flight to Atlanta from Los Angeles recently, a passenger who was a diabetic had a seizure. Despite the fact that there were three physicians aboard the plane the passenger could not be treated, because there was no supportive medical equipment on board. "The patient in question had taken his morning insulin and had not eaten lunch. The resulting low blood sugar produced a grand mal seizure," says Michael Diamant, MD, of Santa Barbara, Calif, one of the physicians aboard that flight. In another instance, on a flight from Boston to New York City, a physician was asked to provide medical assistance to a passenger in cardiorespiratory arrest. The physician, James S. Liljestrand, MD, of Braintree, Mass, discovered that there was no medical equipment—not even a stethoscope— or medication available on board. In a third case, Marvin A. Epstein, MD, of Walnut Creek, Calif, was flying to