tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of outcome on physician judgments of appropriateness of care
Authors: R. A. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Is a permanent injury more likely to elicit a rating of inappropriate care than a temporary injury? To explore this question, we asked 112 practicing anesthesiologists to judge the appropriateness of care in 21 cases involving adverse anesthetic outcomes. The original outcome in each case was classified as either temporary or permanent. The authors then generated a matching alternate case identical to the original in every respect<i>except that a plausible outcome of opposite severity was substituted</i>. The original and alternate cases were randomly divided into two sets and assigned to reviewers who were blind to the intent of the study. The reviewers were asked to rate independently the care in each case as appropriate, less than appropriate, or impossible to judge, based on their personal (implicit) judgment of reasonable and prudent practice. A significant inverse relationship between severity of outcome and judgments of appropriateness of care was observed in 15 (71%) of the 21 matched pairs of cases. Overall, the proportion of ratings for appropriate care<i>decreased</i>by 31 percentage points when the outcome was changed from temporary to permanent and<i>increased</i>by 28 percentage points when the outcome was changed from permanent to temporary. We conclude that knowledge of the severity of outcome can influence a reviewer's judgment of the appropriateness of care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:1957-1960)
Editorial: Involuntary facial movements.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

NarcolepsyThe narcoleptic syndrome is not uncommon, though its prevalence in Britain is not known for certain.A recent con- servative estimate' puts the inumber of narcoleptics in the U.S.A. as 100 000.The apparent slight male preponderance may wellbe due to its more disabling nature in men than women, and the actual sex incidence is probably equal.A third of patients have one or more affected relatives, usually on 16 August
Medical School Deans
Authors: John T. Flynn
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your discussion of Rosinski's Rule raises the question as to whether many well-meaning people are urging innovations upon medical institutions merely for the sake of doing something different. For some reason, we human beings, and particularly Americans, are utterly committed to the idea that because something is done differently, therefore it is done better and it is really contributing to the progress of the human race. This can be an exhausting and fruitless treadmill, since this year's innovation is next year's old hat, to be displaced promptly by the next "innovation." Should we not be spending some amount of intelligence and effort to evaluating the effects of older innovations, such as the pioneer curriculum changes at Case Western Reserve in the early 1950's? Surely by this time a generation of physicians has grown up in this new system and the good effects can certainly be studied and
Abstract 3244: Enrichment ofHelicobacter pylorimutant strains after eradication therapy analyzed by gastric wash-based quantitative pyrosequencing
Authors: Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Ritsuko Oikawa, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Fumio Itoh
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract The eradication of Helicobacter pylori reduces the risk of gastric cancer. A clear understanding of the factors underlying mixed infection with multiple clarithromycin susceptible and clarithromycin resistant H. pylori strains is necessary to design more effective therapies against H. pylori. We aimed to assess how the abundance and prevalence of H. pylori strains vary after clarithromycin based eradication therapy. Using gastric wash samples, which represent the entire stomach, we sequentially analyzed the abundance and prevalence of H. pylori DNA by 23S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing before and 1, 2, and 3 years after eradication therapy. Low levels of H. pylori DNA were still detectable at the first year follow up in all samples with negative post treatment urea breath test results. The abundance of H. pylori DNA decreased significantly until the 2 year follow up, but it switched to an increase at the 3 year follow up. Importantly, the ratio of the prevalence of mutant strains to the prevalence of wild type strains had already increased at the first year follow up and continued to increase, suggesting the selection and growth of clarithromycin resistant strains during the follow up periods. Being sensitive and representative, our assay will be useful in effectively addressing gastric cancer development by enhancing the long-term success of intervention strategies and consecutive surveillance for H. pylori eradication. Citation Format: Yoshiyuki Watanabe, Ritsuko Oikawa, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Fumio Itoh. Enrichment of Helicobacter pylori mutant strains after eradication therapy analyzed by gastric wash-based quantitative pyrosequencing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3244.
Apnea after intravenous diazepam therapy
Authors: S. C. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DIAZEPAM, a benzodiazepine derivative, is widely used for its antianxiety, anticonvulsant, psychosedative, amnesiac, and muscle-relaxing properties. Intravenous diazepam is extensively used as an anesthetic induction agent, as an adjunct for procedures such as cardioversion and endoscopy, and as a supplement to regional or local anesthesia. Although diazepam is generally considered to be an unusually safe drug, a variety of side effects have been reported.<sup>1,2</sup>We report a potentially fatal complication following intravenous administration of diazepam. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old man was scheduled for spermatocele repair under local anesthesia. The patient had been admitted for chest pain and shortness of breath two weeks prior to the surgery, but examination by physicians on the medical service showed no noteworthy changes in his ECGs or cardiac enzyme levels. Chest roentgenograms, arterial blood gas values, and a lung scan were within normal limits. Pulmonary function tests showed mild obstructive disease. The
Public Health and Injection Drug Use
Journal: JAMA (2001)

FOCUSES ON INjection drug use and highlights ways that state and local health departments monitor injection drug userelated health issues and develop interventions to prevent substance abuse and infections among injection drug users (IDUs).Substance abuse and addiction are major underlying causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. 1 The risks increase when illicit substances are injected, which contributes to multiple health and social problems for IDUs, including transmission of bloodborne infections (e.g., human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and hepatitis B and C infections) through sharing unsterile drug injection equipment and practicing unsafe sex. 2 In the United States, approximately one third of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases 3 and one half of new hepatitis C cases 4 are associated with injection drug use.Fatal drug overdoses also contribute to death among IDUs. 5 Although the number of persons who inject illicit drugs (primarily heroin, cocaine, and amphetamine) is not available, approximately one million persons in the United States are active IDUs. 6
Antibody Against Megakaryocytes in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Robert McMillan, George A. Luiken, Richard Levy, Robert Yelenosky, Robert L. Longmire
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Purified human IgG from both serum and the culture of human splenic cells was radiolabeled with<sup>125</sup>I. Incubation of radiolabeled IgG from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with normal homologous platelets or bone marrow cells resulted in significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) binding when compared with control IgG. Radioautographs showed that the radioactivity was associated with the platelets or megakaryocytes. The antiplatelet antibody in ITP has specificity for antigens associated with both platelets and megakaryocytes and suggests that thrombopoiesis may also be affected in this disease. (<i>JAMA</i>239:2460-2462, 1978)
Radiology '86: Annual Congress and Exhibition of the British Institute of Radiology
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1985)

Journal Article Radiology '86: Annual Congress and Exhibition of the British Institute of Radiology Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 75, Issue 4, October 1985, Pages 800, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/75.4.800-b Published: 01 October 1985
Suspected thyrotoxicosis.
Authors: A S Khir
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Introduction</h3> To observe the changes of left atrium function in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) using two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). <h3>Methods</h3> The study population consisted of 33 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and 30 age, sex-matched control subjects in sinus rhythm (SR) who were referred to our echocardiography laboratory. All of the patients were in sinus rhythm when they were checked. Left atrial diameter (LAD), left atrial area (LAA), interventricular septum thickness (IVST); Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were measured in 2-dimensional echocardiography imaging. LV ejection fraction was determined. Measured mitral valve A wave velocity time integral (VTI-A) and maximum velocity (VA). LA wall strain in the longitudinal direction obtained using 2DSTE. Measured peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and atrial contraction longitudinal strain (ACLS) in apical 4-chamber view and apical 2- chamber view. Measured time to peak longitudinal strain (TPLS). ∆\TPLS was defined as the difference between the TPLS in apical 4-chamber view and apical 2- chamber view. <h3>Results</h3> There were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding age (63±12 vs 60±9 years), sex (males 48% vs 60%) and history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Compared with control group, ∆-TPLS were significantly increased in AF group (52.83±32.2 vs 31.33±20.2, p&lt;0.05). In Patients with AF, ACLS were significantly decreased than in control group (10.09±3.3 vs 13.74±3.1 p&lt;0.05). The PALS; LAD; LVEDD; IVS; EF; VA; VTI-A and LAA between paroxysmal AF and control group did not show statisticant difference (p&gt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> 2DSTE can effectively and easily measure LA ∆-TPLS and ACLS, speckle tracking echocardiography could be a method to non-invasively assess LA function in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation patients.
Abstract 15931: Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α Plays a Critical Role in the Development of Cardiac Dysfunction During Obesity and Insulin Resistance Through Phosphorylation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α
Authors: Michinari Nakamura, Peiyong Zhai, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) lead to impaired cardiac metabolism, resulting in cardiac dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the development of cardiac dysfunction remain poorly understood. PPARα serves as a key regulator of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in the heart. GSK-3α, a serine/threonine kinase, was dephosphorylated at S21 and activated (2.0 fold, p&lt;0.05) in the hearts of obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and ob/ob mice. To evaluate the functional significance of GSK-3α upregulation, wild-type (WT) and cardiac specific GSK-3α heterozygous knockout (cGSK-3α HKO) mice were fed a HFD for up to 14 weeks. There was no difference in the food intake or body weight change between WT and cGSK-3α HKO mice. However, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction observed in WT mice were significantly ameliorated in cGSK-3α HKO mice after HFD feeding (8.1± 0.6 and 6.5±0.5, LVW/TL; 24.8±0.9 and 16.6±0.8, deceleration time (DT), all p&lt;0.05). FA oxidation (FAO) (0.81 fold) and ectopic lipid accumulation (Oil Red O staining) were significantly decreased in cGSK-3α HKO mice than in WT mice after HFD feeding. GSK-3α, but not GSK-3β, directly interacted with and phosphorylated PPARα at the ligand binding domain in cardiomyocytes (CMs) and in the heart. PPARα phosphorylation in the heart was significantly increased (2.1 fold, p&lt;0.05) in response to HFD, but it was attenuated in cGSK-3α HKO mice (0.74 fold, p&lt;0.05). Fenofibrate, a PPARα ligand, inhibited GSK-3α-induced PPARα phosphorylation (0.81 fold, p&lt;0.05), reduced ectopic lipid accumulation, FAO (0.84 fold, p&lt;0.05), and attenuated diastolic dysfunction (25.5±3.1 and 18.6±2.5, DT; 0.16±0.04 and 0.08±0.02, EDPVR, all p&lt;0.05) in the heart of HFD fed mice. Collectively, these results suggest that GSK-3α increases PPARα activity through phosphorylation of PPARα, which is inhibited by Fenofibrate. Activation of GSK-3α and consequent phosphorylation of PPARα during obesity and IR could play an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Synthetic PPARα ligands inhibit GSK-3α-mediated phosphorylation of PPARα, thereby paradoxically attenuating excessive FA metabolism in cardiomyocytes.
PARAMETERS
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parenteral nutrition with lipids
Authors: H. Silberman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Total parenteral nutrition with a peripherally administered fat emulsion as the major calorie source appears to be efficacious and safe. Such a regimen complements rather than replaces the glucose system as an important adjunct in patient therapy. The lipid system obviates the necessity for central venous administration, the major disadvantage of the glucose system, while the latter provides a greater caloric density. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1380-1382, 1977)
Leptin Is an Endogenous Protective Protein against the Toxicity Exerted by Tumor Necrosis Factor
Authors: N. Takahashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central mediator of a number of important pathologies such as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Administration of high TNF doses induces acute anorexia, metabolic derangement, inflammation, and eventually shock and death. The in vivo effects of TNF are largely mediated by a complex network of TNF-induced cytokines and hormones acting together or antagonistically. Since TNF also induces leptin, a hormone secreted by adipocytes that modulates food intake and metabolism, we questioned the role of leptin in TNF-induced pathology. To address this question, we tested mouse strains that were defective either in leptin gene (ob/ob) or in functional leptin receptor gene (db/db), and made use of a receptor antagonist of leptin. Ob/ob and db/db mice, as well as normal mice treated with antagonist, exhibited increased sensitivity to the lethal effect of TNF. Exogenous leptin afforded protection to TNF in ob/ob mice, but failed to enhance the protective effect of endogenous leptin in normal mice. We conclude that leptin is involved in the protective mechanisms that allow an organism to cope with the potentially autoaggressive effects of its immune system.
PREFACE
Authors: Arthru Rook, R. H. Champion
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article PREFACE Get access Arthru Rook, Arthru Rook Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. H. Champion R. H. Champion Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue s2, 1 March 1969, Page 1, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb12837.x Published: 01 March 1969
MORTALITY IN LUNATIC ASYLUMS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1848)

XBD=225 XHG=144 YBD=177 YHG=141>'lint, " XBD=388 XHG=247 YBD=170 YHG=141>whereas " XBD=438 XHG=411 YBD=168 YHG=140>it " XBD=483 XHG=455 YBD=168 YHG=140>is " XBD=606 XHG=497 YBD=176 YHG=140>barely " XBD=699 XHG=628 YBD=168 YHG=139>half " XBD=749 XHG=711 YBD=169 YHG=149>an " XBD=849 XHG=764 YBD=176 YHG=140>inch, " XBD=932 XHG=870 YBD=169 YHG=140>and B " XBD=228 XHG=148 YBD=216 YHG=181>only " XBD=311 XHG=242 YBD=217 YHG=182>just " XBD=484 XHG=329 YBD=207 YHG=179>sufficient " XBD=535 XHG=504 YBD=207 YHG=183>to " XBD=650 XHG=550 YBD=206 YHG=180>admit " XBD=716 XHG=664 YBD=207 YHG=180>the " XBD=811 XHG=732 YBD=215 YHG=179>edge " XBD=863 XHG=826 YBD=208 YHG=180>of " XBD=933 XHG=881 YBD=208 YHG=181>the |>" XBD=952 XHG=947 YBD=267 YHG=147>I " XBD=279 XHG=157 YBD=249 YHG=221>caustic " XBD=407 XHG=296 YBD=254 YHG=218>wedge thus " XBD=925 XHG=519 YBD=267 YHG=223>I I I MORTALITY IN LUNATIC ASYLUMS." XBD=302 XHG=260 YBD=572 YHG=544>To " XBD=380 XHG=331 YBD=572 YHG=542>the " XBD=513 XHG=405 YBD=571 YHG=542>Editor " XBD=573 XHG=537 YBD=578 YHG=543>of " XBD=663 XHG=592 YBD=571 YHG=543>THE " XBD=827 XHG=684 YBD=574 YHG=543>LANCET.
Report of G.M.C. inquiry.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

their much lower mortality, had been included, and all this data must be provided if the claims made are to be substantiated.Except for one report of a controlled trial of aprotinin (Trasylol)20 no drug or regimen of treatment has been shown to be of unequivocal value in the treatment of acute pan- creatitis, and during the period of this survey no special treat- ments were given to the patients under review.Twenty-two patients did receive aprotinin in effective dosage but this was not until 1968 and 1969, after the "complete" years used for the detailed statistical analysis.It is therefore interesting that when the absolute mortality for a first attack of acute pancreatitis, which was found to be 9 per million population, was taken and expressed as a percentage of the total number of cases collected, the case mortality rate was still of the order of 17% during the years 1961-7 in the Bristol clinical area.
Detection of Multiple Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-DNA Adducts by a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography- 32 P-Postlabeling Method
Authors: Nancy J. Gorelick, Nancy L. Reeder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A 32P-postlabeling procedure for identifying and quantifying hydrophobic DNA adducts was developed (by modifying the method of Randerath and co-workers) in which labeled adducts are separated by high-performance liquid chromatogaplhy (PLC) and quantified by liqudsciiati ontinag This method was firstdeveloped for fluoranthene- DNA adducts, and methods for optimal detection and quant ofDNA adducts with did epoxde metabolites ofben-zolaJpyrene (BPDE), chrysene (CHDE), and benz[aJanthracene (BADE) have now been established.Analytical condi- tions slightly different from those adopted for fluoranthene-DNA adducts are required for accurate quantification of BPDE-, CHDE-, and BADE-DNA adducts.In particular, HPLC analysis requires generation of nucleotide 5'-[I Pmonophosphate adduces by treatment with nuclease P1, and polyclicaromatic hydrocarbonadducts demonstrate variable sensitivity to nuclease PI, mediated dephosphorylation.Thus, multiple adducts can be detected in one sample as long as the recovery of adducts under the applied conditions has been determined and chromatographic separation of labeled adducts is achieved.A battery of postlabeling assays can thus make it possible to detect optimally multiple adducts in one DNA sample.Results from these studies indicate that the HPLC-'P-postlabeling assay is complementary to im- munoassays in which related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon diol epoxide adducts cross-react for the quantification of adducts.
Book Listings
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Book Listings2 July 2002Book ListingsSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-1-200207020-00035 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail CardiologyAlcohol and Heart DiseaseR Watson and AK Myers, eds. 261 pages. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis; 2002. $80.00. ISBN 0415273471. Order phone 800-821-8312.Beta-Blockers in Heart FailureJ McMurray and MJ Kendall. 108 pages. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis; 2002. $15.00. ISBN 1853179027. Order phone 800-821-8312.Blackwell's Primary Care Essentials: CardiologyJ Sutherland. 304 pages. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science; 2001. $40.00. ISBN 0632044756. Order phone 800-759-6102.Cardiac Arrythmias: Practical Notes on Interpretation and Treatment6th edition. DH Bennett. 340 pages. Boston: Arnold; 2002. $30.00. ISBN 0340807318. Order phone 800-759-6102.Cardiogenic Shock: Diagnosis and TreatmentD Hasdai, PB Berger, A Battler, and DR Holmes Jr, eds. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byItraconazole Induced Torsade De Pointes in a Patient Receiving Methadone Substitution Therapy 2 July 2002Volume 137, Issue 1Page: B1 ePublished: 2 July 2002 Issue Published: 2 July 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...