tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE HISTORY AND ETIOLOGY OF "MIGRAINE."
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The word<i>migraine</i>(<i>megrim, the megrims</i>, etc.) is the" vulgarization of a misnaming and meaningless term for a malobserved and trivial symptom, which in the majority of cases is not present, of a widely prevalent and ingravescent disease, with indescribable symptoms, which wrecks life and morbidizes the mind, the etiology and pathology of which are unknown, the location or organs affected being also unknown, and of which no treatment avails. The term is a corruption of the Greek<i>H[ill]</i>and the Latin,<i>Hemicranion or Hemicrania</i>, taken to mean a pain in one side of the head. The word is, of course, an absurdity, because it denotes not pain, but only half-headedness, the idea of pain having no part in the construction of the word. One may perhaps speculate in vain as to the reasons of the Greeks for making half-headedness a synonym of pain in or on one side of
The crucial role of Campylobacter jejuni genes in anti-ganglioside antibody induction in Guillain-Barré syndrome
Authors: Peggy C.R. Godschalk, Astrid P. Heikema, Michel Gilbert, Tomoko Komagamine, C. Wim Ang, Jobine Glerum, Denis Brochu, Jianjun Li, Nobuhiro Yuki, Bart C. Jacobs, Alex van Belkum, Hubert P. Endtz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Molecular mimicry of Campylobacter jejuni lipo-oligosaccharides (LOS) with gangliosides in nervous tissue is considered to induce cross-reactive antibodies that lead to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute polyneuropathy. To determine whether specific bacterial genes are crucial for the biosynthesis of ganglioside-like structures and the induction of anti-ganglioside antibodies, we characterized the C. jejuni LOS biosynthesis gene locus in GBS-associated and control strains. We demonstrated that specific types of the LOS biosynthesis gene locus are associated with GBS and with the expression of ganglioside-mimicking structures. Campylobacter knockout mutants of 2 potential GBS marker genes, both involved in LOS sialylation, expressed truncated LOS structures without sialic acid, showed reduced reactivity with GBS patient serum, and failed to induce an anti-ganglioside antibody response in mice. We demonstrate, for the first time, to our knowledge, that specific bacterial genes are crucial for the induction of anti-ganglioside antibodies.
Abstract 17383: Total Left Ventricular Unloading with Impella® during Ischemia Reperfusion Minimizes Infarct Size, Preserves Left Ventricular Function and Prevents Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Takamoro Kakaino, Keita Saku, Takahiro Arimura, Takuya Akashi, Akiko Nishizaki, Yasuhiro Oga, Masataka Ikeda, Takuya Kishi, Tomomi Ide, Kenji Sunagawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Despite marked advances of revascularization, acute myocardial infarction (MI) remains a major cause of chronic heart failure (CHF). Since excessive oxygen demand relative to supply is the fundamental mechanism of ischemia, we previously demonstrated, using a conventional left ventricular assist device (VAD), that total left ventricular (LV) unloading markedly reduced the MI size in ischemia reperfusion (IR) model through minimizing the myocardial oxygen consumption in acute experiment. The purpose of this investigation was to examine if the transvascular VAD, Impella®, could totally unload LV during IR and preserve LV function in chronic phase. Methods: We allocated 15 dogs into 3 groups, Sham (n=4), IR (n=6) and IR+Impella® (n=5). In IR and IR+Impella®, we ligated the left anterior descending artery for 180min through a left thoracotomy and then reperfused. In IR+Impella®, we introduced Impella® through the left subclavian artery from 60 min after the beginning of ischemia to 90 min after reperfusion. We then assessed LV function and MI size 4 weeks after IR injury. Results: Under Impella® support, LV pressure was much lower than arterial pressure indicating total LV unloading. In comparison with IR, Impella® significantly improved LV ejection fraction (2D-echo, Fig) (Sham 64±2.8, IR 48±3.1, IR+Impella® 64±1.2%, p=0.0007), lowered LVEDP (Sham 5.9±1.1, IR 16±3.7, IR+Impella® 4.3±0.87mmHg, p&lt;0.05) and increased end-systolic elastance (sonomicrometric volumetry) (Sham 11±3.1, IR 5.7±1.5, IR+Impella® 12±1.6 mmHg/ml, p&lt;0.05). Furthermore, Impella markedly reduced MI size (%LV circumferential area, IR 18±9.2, IR+Impella® 2.1±0.76%, p=0.0044, Fig) and decreased NT-proBNP (Sham 1004±462, IR 3385±677, IR+Impella® 1463±217pg/ml). Conclusions: Total LV unloading during IR with Impella® strikingly reduces MI size and preserves LV function in chronic phase. Impella® is a powerful tool in the management of acute MI in preventing CHF.
Gynaecological Operations
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Case of Mal-Assimilation of the Phosphates and Carbonates.-Reply
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Culdoscopy, an Appraisal of Results
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Circulation</i> : Clinical Summaries
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Rosiglitazone and Outcomes for Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Coronary Artery Disease in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) TrialRosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione that improves glycemic control for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but there remains controversy regarding its association with increased cardiovascular hazard, and the cardiovascular effects of rosiglitazone for patients with established coronary artery disease remain unknown.The association between rosiglitazone use and cardiovascular events was examined among 2368 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) trial during 4.5 years of follow-up using both Cox proportional hazards models for on-treatment events and propensity-matched analyses.Among patients undergoing treatment with rosiglitazone, there was a significantly lower adjusted incidence of the composite outcome of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke, as well as of stroke, whereas the incidences of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and death were not significantly different.Among propensitymatched patients, the risks of major ischemic cardiovascular events and congestive heart failure were not significantly different.There was a higher incidence of fractures observed among rosiglitazone-treated patients.An interaction was also observed between use of metformin and rosiglitazone that appeared to mitigate an increased risk of congestive heart failure with rosiglitazone.The results of these analyses from BARI 2D do not support an association of rosiglitazone treatment with an increase in major ischemic cardiovascular events among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established coronary artery disease.See p 785. Fruit and Vegetable Consumption With Risk of Abdominal Aortic AneurysmAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an understudied vascular entity, and there is a need to identify modifiable factors associated with the disease.Smoking is a crucial risk factor, and smoking cessation has been shown to be the most important intervention to reduce rupture risk and to postpone surgical intervention among AAA patients.In this prospective cohort of 80 000 men and women, a high consumption of fruit, but not vegetables, was found to be associated with a decreased risk of developing AAA, especially ruptured AAA.Although the AAA cases were identified through high-quality registers, and not with general ultrasound screening of all participants, the pathophysiology is likely to be similar regardless the manner of detection.Further studies are needed to see whether a healthy diet could also decrease AAA growth rate among patients with screening-detected disease.In the meantime, "some apples a day seems to keep the surgeon away."See p 795.
Epiphysial fracture of the proximal humerus
Authors: O. E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. William Simon: This 15-year-old schoolboy entered the emergency room of the Massachusetts General Hospital one hour after sustaining an injury to the left shoulder. The patient had been playing football and, after making a block, fell on the left shoulder. He had been in good health prior to the injury. There was a history of hypersensitivity to penicillin. At the time of physical examination, he appeared as a healthy boy with the left upper extremity supported in a sling. There was no compromise of neurovascular supply to the left hand or forearm. The left shoulder was markedly swollen and diffusely tender over the proximal humerus. Any motion of the shoulder exaggerated pain. The arm was held at the side in slight abduction. Roentgenograms were taken which showed an epiphysial fracture of the proximal left humerus with a large metaphysical component (Fig 1). Following a sedative dosage of meperidine hydrochloride,
Commercial Fishing Fatalities—Alaska, 1991-1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Based on data from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance system, Alaska had the highest state-specific work-related fatality rate during 1980-1989. During this period, the annual average private industry fatality rate in Alaska was 34.8 per 100,000 workers, nearly five times the annual average for the United States (7.0 per 100,000) (1). Fatalities in the commercial fishing industry-which accounts for the second largest percentage of revenue and number of jobs in the state-are among the highest industry-specific rates in the United States (1). Because of the high occupational fatality rates for Alaska, in 1991, CDC's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) initiated efforts in Alaska to improve surveillance and describe risk factors for serious occupational injuries associated with the fishing, logging, and air transport industries. This report uses data obtained and analyzed by NIOSH to characterize fishing industry deaths in Alaska for 1991 and 1992.
Quick Uptakes...
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The MILROY LECTURES on the NATURAL HISTORY of VACCINIA: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians
Authors: S. M. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1898)

An Bnquiri into the Causes and E.jects of the Variolk Vaccinae: , Disease D)iscoveredin some of the Western Counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the Cow- pox.He then sketched the ravages produced by the disease in the past among populations unprotected by previous attacks of small-pox, and gave a short account of the introduction and use of inoculation.Passing on to the introduction vaccination, he referred to Jenner's early labours, and next proceeded to consider the relationship between variola vaccinia in the following terms:] THE RELATIONSHIP VARIOLA AND VACCINIA.Although it is clear from Jenner's writings that he believed vaccinia to -be nothing more nor less than " small-pox " of the cow, his theory, appears not to have received general support even in his own day; and from that time onwards the value of the practice of vaccination has by some been impugned on the plea that inoculation of one disease-" cow-pox "-could not be expected to exert any really protective influence against the ravages of small-pox, a disease supposed by them to be of totally different origin.And if the thesis of essential difference between these maladies were capable of demonstra- tion, no doubt the objection would be of considerable weight.For there exists but little well-authenticated evidence that the livingvirus of one disease is capable, when inoculated into an animal. of affording protection against the effects inoculation of the virus of another and totally different ease; although, no doubt, when two different viruses inoculated at nearly one and the same time the incubation period of one or other of them may be modified as to tion.In his first paper Jenner, as has been said, advanced thesis that small-pox and cow-pox are identical; but even the present day controversywages hotly around this ques- tion, and it still awaits a definite solution.
Continuity and change within an HIV epidemic. Injecting drug users in New York City, 1984 through 1992
Authors: D. C. Des Jarlais
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To examine trends in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk behavior and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence among injecting drug users (IDUs) in New York City from 1984 through 1992. <h3>Design and Setting.</h3> —Comparisons were made between two surveys of IDUs at the same hospital-based New York City drug abuse detoxification program: 141 IDUs in 1984 and 974 IDUs in 1990 through 1992. National Death Registry, New York City Health Department, and drug treatment program records were also used. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Persons attending detoxification program randomly selected for participation. Eligibility was based on injection within previous 2 months; 99% acceptance rates were obtained. Participants in the 1984 and 1990 through 1992 surveys were 66% and 79% men, 21% and 19% white, 33% and 34% African American, and 45% and 46% Latin American, respectively. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Community-based AIDS prevention programs, including underground syringe exchanges. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome risk behaviors; HIV serostatus; CD4+ cell counts; death rates among 1984 subjects; and injection and intranasal routes of drug administration. <h3>Results.</h3> —The HIV seroprevalence remained stable at slightly more than 50%. Mean CD4<sup>+</sup>cell counts declined from 0.716×10<sup>9</sup>/L (716/μL) to 0.575×10<sup>9</sup>/L (<i>P</i>&lt;.009). Annual death rate among 1984 subjects was 3%, with a significantly higher rate among HIV-seropositive subjects (relative risk, 2.57; 95% exact binomial confidence interval, 1.12 to 6.61). Large-scale declines were observed in AIDS risk behaviors, eg, use of potentially contaminated syringes declined from 51% to 7% of injections (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Recent additional risk reduction was associated with use of the underground syringe exchanges. Intranasal heroin use was the primary route of drug administration for 46% of heroin admissions to New York City drug treatment programs. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The HIV seroprevalence has remained stable among this population of New York City IDUs for almost a decade. Continuation of current trends should lead to further reduction in HIV transmission, although reversal of the trend to intranasal use could lead to substantially increased transmission. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:121-127)
View
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2019)

In this cohort study of 23 154 patients with advanced lung cancer in the Veterans Affairs health care system, Sullivan and colleagues found an association of receipt of palliative care 31 to 365 days after diagnosis with increased survival.Moreover, receipt of palliative care was associated with a reduced risk of dying in the acute care setting.Data showed that early palliative care for patients with advanced lung cancer can be of clinical benefit.Nipp and colleagues provide an Editorial.
Cetuximab (Cet) clearance and survival in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Authors: Di Maria Jiang, Hao-Wen Sim, Lillian L. Siu, Jeremy David Shapiro, Geoffrey Liu, Timothy Jay Price, Derek J. Jonker, Christos Stelios Karapetis, Andrew Strickland, Wenjiang Zhang, Mark Jeffery, Dongsheng Tu, Siobhan Ng, Sabe S. Sabesan, Jenny Shannon, Amanda Rose Townsend, Eric Morgen, Wei Xu, Christopher J. O'Callaghan, Eric Xueyu Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

3600 Background: Cet, a monoclonal antibody against EGFR, is a standard therapy for RAS wild-type (WT) mCRC. Limited data suggest a correlation between Cet clearance and progression-free survival (PFS). We performed a population pharmacokinetic (pop-pK) analysis of Cet in pts with KRAS WT mCRC who participated in the randomized phase III NCIC CO.20 trial. Methods: Standard Cet doses ± brivanib (Briv) were administered. Intermittent blood samples were obtained, and analyzed by ELISA for Cet. Pop-pK analysis was conducted to estimate Cet clearance. Pts were divided into quartiles according to clearance parameters to evaluate exposure-outcome with overall survival (OS), PFS, response rate (RR), and toxicity. Results: Blood samples were available from 703 pts. Cet clearance was best described as a one-compartment model with a saturable elimination (defined by V max and K m ). Mean values (± standard deviation) were 5.6 ± 1.4 L for V, 10.5 ± 2.8 mg/h for V max , and 403.1 ± 2.0 mg/L for K m . V max and K m were significantly associated with OS, but not PFS or RR. Median OS for pts in the highest quartile of V max was 7.8 versus (vs.) 11.6 ms for pts in the lowest V max quartile (HR 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.20, p&lt; 0.001). In the highest K m quartile, median OS was 11.6 vs. 7.6 ms in the lowest K m quartile (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.83-0.96, p= 0.001). Pts with the lowest clearance parameters (lowest V max and highest K m ) had significantly longer OS (11.6 ms) compared to pts with the highest clearance (highest V max and lowest K m ) (7.6 ms) (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.53-0.83, p&lt; 0.001). Overall incidences of grade 3/4 toxicity were not associated with Cet clearance. However, pts with the lowest clearance parameters had more frequent grade 3 diarrhea (OR 0.23, p= 0.005). Conclusions: For KRAS WT mCRC, standard Cet dosing is not optimal for all pts. Pts with lower Cet clearance have significantly improved OS and increased likelihood of grade 3 diarrhea. Further studies are needed to identify individual patient factors associated with Cet clearance, and to optimize Cet dosing based on individual pk assessments.