tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
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Authors: Jenna Peart, Elisabeth Tracey, Jules Lipoff
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2016)

Documenting Torture and TraumaTo the Editor The last several years have seen record-breaking numbers of displaced persons.An average of 42 500 people each day were forced from their homes as a result of conflict and persecution in 2014, a number 4 times higher than in 2010.Notable driving forces include Syria's civil war, the Taliban in Afghanistan, and forced labor in Eritrea. 1 The United Nations' Convention Against Torture 2 obligates nations to not expel individuals to a country where there is significant reason to believe those persons would be tortured or persecuted.The United States grants asylum to individuals that prove a wellfounded fear of persecution in court. 3 Physicians are uniquely poised to help victims of torture and trauma secure asylum status.Forensic medical evaluations are used in appropriate cases to corroborate a history of trauma.Asylum seekers who receive medical evaluation in concert with legal services have success rates of 79% to 89% compared with the national average of 37.5%, suggesting that medical evaluations have considerable effect on the application process. [3]4][5] In some cases, a forensic medical evaluation may mean the difference between an individual securing legal status and being forcibly returned to a country in which they face persecution and torture.When evaluating asylum seekers, physicians should directly and empathetically elicit a detailed history of any trauma and ask about the origin of all examination findings. 4Examples of relevant findings include lesions consistent with whipping and brachial plexus palsies caused by suspension, as well as evidence of bone fractures.In one cohort of asylum seekers, 69% had scars on their head and neck, 10% had scars on their genitals, 7% had fractured bones, and 6% had burn marks. 5 Official asylum evaluations involve a history, physical examination, and review of records.In contrast to a typical clinical encounter, treatment and counseling are not provided.Physicians document any findings in a medical affidavit in the form of detailed descriptions, photographs, and/or drawings.The affidavit is subsequently submitted as corroborating evidence in court.On occasion, the physician may also testify as an expert witness.Physicians can be formally trained in performing forensic evaluations in short courses and provide this service on a volunteer, part-time basis.Given that the United States receives the third highest number of asylum applications per year, 1 physicians should consider this unique opportunity to defend human rights.Furthermore, we encourage all physi-cians to appreciate the far-reaching effects of these traumas on all victims of forced migration.
Abstract 13920: Impact of Diabetes on Acute Kidney Injury After Myocardial Infarction: Possible Involvement of Toll-like Receptor in the Kidney
Authors: Kohei Ohno, Atsushi Kuno, Shingo Muratsubaki, Hiromichi Murase, Hidemichi Kouzu, Toshiyuki Tobisawa, Makoto Ogasawara, Keitaro Nishizawa, Toshiyuki Yano, Masaya Tanno, Takayuki Miki, Tetsuji Miura
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Comorbid acute kidney injury (AKI) predicts poor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Although type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a well-known risk factor of AKI after MI, the mechanism of the increased risk remains unclear. Here we hypothesized that T2D increases AKI after MI via toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation. Methods and Results: OLETF, a rat model of obese T2D, and LETO, non-diabetic controls, at 25-30 weeks of age were randomized into sham and permanent coronary ligation (MI) groups. At baseline, body weight (617±23 vs. 537±13 g), fasting plasma glucose (267±32 vs. 153±15 mg/dl) and urinary protein level (6.4 vs. 0.6 g/gCr), but not serum creatinine, were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO. Histologically, glomerular size was increased by 17% without mesangial proliferation in OLETF compared to that in LETO, indicating that OLETF developed early-stage nephropathy by this age. At 12 h after MI, mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, IL-6 and TNF-α in the kidney were increased by 1.6-, 1.2-, 2.6-, 1.5-fold, respectively, in OLETF but not in LETO. Furthermore, immunoblot analyses showed that phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK and JNK, downstream mediators of the TLR signal, were significantly elevated by MI in OLETF. Histological abnormalities in the kidney or increase in serum creatinine were not detected in either LETO or OLETF 12 h after MI. However, in immunohistochemical analyses, areas positive for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were significantly increased by 4.0- and 5.3-fold, respectively, and NGAL mRNA level was increased by 1.8-fold after MI in OLETF but not in LETO. In sham-operated LETO and OLETF, areas positive for NGAL and KIM-1 were barely detected. Infarct sizes were similar and cardiac BNP mRNA levels in the non-infarcted left ventricle were equally elevated at 12 h after MI in LETO and OLETF, suggesting that MI-induced cardiac loads were comparable in the two groups. However, mortality at 48 h after MI was significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO (68% vs. 18%, P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that AKI after MI is enhanced in T2D via TLR-mediated inflammation. The cardio-renal interaction may underlie increased post-MI mortality in T2D.
Chloroform Induction of Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity in Rats
Authors: Russell E. Savage, Carol Westrich, Charles Guion, Michael A. Pereira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Chloroform is a drinking water contaminant that has been demonstrated to be carcinogenic to mice and rats resulting in an increased incidence of liver and kidney tumors, respectively. The mechanism of chloroform carcinogenicity might be by tumor initiation and/or promotion. Since induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity has been proposed as a molecular marker for tumor promoters, we have investigated the effect of chloroform on ODC activity in rats. Chloroform induced a dose-dependent increase of hepatic ODC with an apparent threshold at 100 mg/kg body weight. Female rats were two to four times more susceptible to to chloroform. Upon daily dosing of chloroform for 7 days the liver became less susceptible, with the last dose of chloroform resulting in only 10% of the activity observed after a single dose. Nuclear RNA polymerase I activity was also induced by chloroform. Chloroform, rather than increasing the activity of renal ODC, resulted in a 35% reduction. The induction by chloroform of hepatic ODC activity might be associated with regenerative hyperplasia while the renal carcinogenicity of chloroform could not be demonstrated to be associated with ODC induction.
Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in a colposcopy clinic
Authors: M. Maiman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Based on the following findings, we wish to alert the medical community to the need for preventive and educational measures about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in clinics where women are evaluated for abnormal Papanicolaou smears. <h3>Study.—</h3> In the colposcopy clinic of a public hospital in New York City that women attend for evaluation of abnormal Papanicolaou smears, aliquots of blood samples, drawn for other reasons, were evaluated for the presence of HIV antibodies by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot methods. All patient identifiers were removed from the blood samples except for the ten-year age group. To preserve anonymity, individual risk factors were not identified. Among 66 women under age 50 years tested (94% of those attending the clinic in one month), seven were positive for HIV, a rate of 10.6% (95% confidence interval, 3% to 18%). The proportions by age group were as shown in
RBTT-01. RANDOMIZED PHASE 2 OPEN LABEL STUDY OF NIVOLUMAB PLUS STANDARD DOSE BEVACIZUMAB VERSUS NIVOLUMAB PLUS LOW DOSE BEVACIZUMAB IN RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: Manmeet Ahluwalia, David Peereboom, Cathy Schilero, Deborah Forst, Eric Wong, Patrick Wen, David Reardon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

The outcome for glioblastoma (GBM) remains dismal with a median survival of 15 months. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a highly upregulated proangiogenic growth factor in GBM that contributes to tumor-associated immunosuppression by inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation, induction of apoptosis of CD8+ T cells and enhancing Treg activity. Hence, a combination of anti PD1 and anti VEGF is promising approach in recurrent GBM. Lower anti-VEGF therapy dosing can lead to enhanced immune infiltrate and improved survival following co-administration with an anti-tumor immunotherapeutic in preclinical studies. This is a 90 patient randomized phase 2 open label study of nivolumab plus standard dose bevacizumab versus nivolumab plus low dose bevacizumab in recurrent GBM. Primary endpoint is to evaluate the efficacy of nivolumab when administered with standard and reduced dose bevacizumab as measured by overall survival (OS) at twelve months (OS-12). Secondary endpoint include safety, Progression free survival at 6 months, OS and overall response rate. Exploratory endpoints include circulating immunologic biomarkers, cytokines, archival tumor PD-L1 expression and inflammatory gene expression signature and perfusion and diffusion weighted imaging with response (RANO and iRANO). Eligibility Criteria include Age ≥ 18 years, first recurrence of GBM, normal organ function, KPS ≥ 70. Key exclusion criteria include active, known or suspected autoimmune disease, contraindications for bevacizumab therapy and decadron > 4 mg/ day or equivalent of steroids. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The one-sample log-rank test will be applied to outcomes observed for each arm individually to test the hypothesis that OS has been improved beyond the null 12-month survival rate of 45%. With N=45 patients per arm, a one-sided test provides power=0.80 to detect survival rate of 58% at 12-months following treatment at the 0.10 significance level. The study (NCT03452579) is ongoing and enrolling GBM patients in first recurrence.
Heavy particles in experimental medicine and therapy
Authors: J. H. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Early studies in Berkeley, Calif, in 1935 showed that heavy particles (neutrons produced in one of the early cyclotrons) producing relatively dense tissue ionization (Fig 1) had a greater biological effect per unit dose on normal and neoplastic tissue than x-rays or gamma rays. This work led to the early trial of neutrons in the treatment of cancer; but because these low-energy heavy particles had disadvantages of great scatter, poor penetration, and poor localization, the results were disappointing. However, new accelerators were soon developed which were capable of providing heavier, charged particles with greater energies, and during the past 11 years these particles have been successfully used in the treatment of neoplastic, metabolic, and neurological diseases. <h3>Therapeutically Advantageous Characteristics</h3> High-energy, heavy, charged particles differ from x-rays and gamma rays with respect to interaction with tissue in two important ways. First, unlike electromagnetic radiations, they have little scatter and have a
Practical and Research Value of Hepatic-Vein Catheterization
Authors: Carroll M. Leevy, Marvin L. Gliedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

Hepatic Blood FlowEstimation of hepatic blood flow is of importance in studies of portal hypertension since factors that alter blood flow generally tend to affect intrasinusoidal pressure. A variety of substances have been employed to measure hepatic blood flow, using the Fick principle wherein entry of a substance into the liver (peripheral-vein concentration) and its output (hepatic-vein concentration) is determined: P = peripheral-vein concentration of test substance. H = hepatic-vein concentration of test substance. R = removal rate of test substance. Blood flow is calculated by extrapolated data midway between two successive determinations of arterial and hepatic-vein plasma concentration . . .
Prevalence of HTLV‐I‐associated T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: B.J. Poiesz, L.D. Papsidero, G. Ehrlich, M. Sherman, S. Dube, M. Poiesz, K. Dillon, F.W. Ruscetti, D. Slamon, C. Fang, A. Williams, D. Duggan, J. Glaser, A. Gottlieb, J. Goldberg, L. Ratner, P. Phillips, T. Han, A. Friedman‐Kien, F. Siegal, K. Rai, A. Sawitsky, L.W.A. Sheremata, H. Dosik, C. Cunningham, R. Montagna
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

In order to assess the prevalence rate of HTLV-I-associated T-cell lymphomas and human retrovirus infection in general, approximately 21,000 individuals representing various patient populations, retroviral risk groups, and blood donors were examined for HTLV-I, HTLV-II, HIV-1, or HIV-2 infection using serologic and PCR assays. The prevalence rates among volunteer blood donors were 0.02% and 0% for HTLV and HIV, respectively. Significantly increased HTLV prevalence rates were observed among paid blood donors, African American health care clinic patients, Amerindians, recipients of HTLV-positive cellular blood products, intravenous drug users, sexual contacts and family members of HTLV-positive people, and patients with primary thrombocytosis and other-than-low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Among some of these groups there were significant differences in the prevalence of HTLV-I versus HTLV-II. The eight HTLV-positive NHL patients all had mature, high-grade, CD4+ T-cell lymphomas with clonally integrated HTLV-I, for a prevalence of 4% among other-than-low-grade NHL patients. Seven of the eight died from their disease within 2 years despite treatment. Interestingly, two groups at risk for HTLV infection, namely needle stick victims and recipients of HTLV-infected and/or pooled plasma products, showed no evidence for infection. Significantly increased HIV-1 prevalence was observed among paid blood donors, African Americans, homosexuals, female prostitutes, hemophiliacs, and other-than-low-grade NHL patients. Only one patient was infected with HIV-2. Of the nine HIV-positive, other-than-low-grade NHL patients, seven HIV-1 positives had B-cell lymphomas, one HIV-1 positive had an HTLV-I-positive CD4+ T-cell lymphoma, and one infected with HIV-2 had a CD4+ T-cell lymphoma that was HTLV negative. The data indicate that HTLV-I lymphoma, while uncommon, is not necessarily rare among other-than-low-grade NHL cases in the United States and, given its poor prognosis, should probably be studied separately in clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol. 66:32–38, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Autoantigenic Targets of B-Cell Receptors (BCR) Derived From Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias Bind to and Induce Proliferation of Leukemic Cells.
Authors: Klaus-Dieter Preuss, Gerhard Held, Natalie Fadle, Evi Regitz, Maria Kemele, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Andreas Buehler, Michael Pfreundschuh
Journal: Blood (2012)
TALC PNEUMOCONIOSIS
Authors: Paul S. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

There is increasing evidence that occupational inhalation of pulmonary irritants is one of the major causes of pulmonary fibrosis. Free silica is a common etiologic agent. Talc, a hydrous magnesium silicate, is an unusual cause for such pneumoconiosis. The following case demonstrates the roentgen and clinical characteristics of talc pneumoconiosis. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> The patient, a 65-year-old white man, was referred for roentgen study of the chest on June 19, 1950, because of a chronic cough which was intensified during the preceding week. He had a cough of many years' duration accompanied by production of frothy sputum. On June 9, 1950, sneezing, coryza, intensified cough, and purulent postnasal discharge and expectoration developed. There was accompanying onset of exertional dyspnea. Walking three blocks caused dyspnea. For a period of 24 years since 1926, he had been employed in the handling and packaging of elastic cord (rubber thread) coated with talc
Pulmonary artery narrowing in sarcoidosis
Authors: S. O. Hietala
Journal: JAMA (1977)

VASCULAR involvement in pulmonary sarcoidosis is usually limited to the small- and medium-sized vessels. However, massive hilar adenopathy may compress a major pulmonary artery and cause a large defect on the perfusion lung scan and a notable narrowing of the right upper lobe pulmonary artery as visualized by pulmonary arteriography. This report describes a case in which the patient had mediastinal and hilar adenopathy with secondary pulmonary artery compression and corresponding reduction in perfusion seen in the lung scan. To our knowledge, only two similar cases have been previously described in the literature.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 24-year-old woman was admitted because of substernal chest pain of three days' duration. The pain was radiating to the left shoulder. The patient had been in good health up to the time of admission and had no other symptoms. She appeared healthy, despite a firm, mobile, nodular mass of 1- to
References and Reviews
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Light Therapy.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pharmacological treatment of psoriatic arthritis: a systematic literature review for the 2015 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Sofia Ramiro, Josef S Smolen, Robert Landewé, Désirée van der Heijde, Maxime Dougados, Paul Emery, Maarten de Wit, Maurizio Cutolo, Susan Oliver, Laure Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

To update the evidence on the efficacy and safety of pharmacological agents in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Systematic literature review of randomised controlled trials comparing pharmacological interventions in PsA: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoid, synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (sDMARDs) either conventional or targeted, biologicals (bDMARDs), placebo or any combination. Main outcomes were American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20-50, Psoriasis Area Severity Index 75, radiographic progression, and withdrawals due to adverse events (AEs). Multiple studies of the same intervention were meta-analysed using random effects.In total, 25 papers and 12 abstracts were included. The efficacy of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (including the recently added golimumab and certolizumab pegol) was confirmed and 16 articles/abstracts focused on 3 drugs with new modes of action: ustekinumab (UST), secukinumab (SEC) and apremilast (APR). All were placebo-compared trials and met their primary end point, ACR20. In 2 studies with UST ACR20 was met by 50% and 44% of patients with UST 90 mg, 42% and 44% with UST 45 mg vs 23% and 20% with placebo, respectively. In two studies with SEC ACR20 ranged 54% (SEC 300 mg), 50-51% (SEC 150 mg), 29-51% (SEC 75 mg) and 15-17% (placebo). In four studies with APR, ACR20 ranged 32-43% (APR 30 mg), 29-38% (APR 20 mg) and 17-20% (placebo). For all three drugs, no more withdrawals due to AEs than placebo were seen and, in general, safety appeared satisfactory. A strategy trial, TIght COntrol of Psoriatic Arthritis (TICOPA), showed better ACR responses with treatment adaptations upon tight control compared with standard care.UST, SEC and APR are new drugs with efficacy demonstrated for the treatment of PsA. No major safety signals arise, but long-term studies are needed. This review informed about the European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for management of PsA.
Diverticula of the Female Urethra Demonstrated by Voiding Cystourethrograms
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal