tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Formaldehyde Toxicity
Authors: Joel R. Bender
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article on formaldehyde by Harris et al (1981; 245:243) reflects a severely restricted point of view. The article is further complicated because the citations do not correspond with the text, and the references cited have not been accurately reviewed. For example, in the Gofmekler<sup>1</sup>study, the actual number of offspring in the formaldehyde-exposed rats was higher than controls (208, 235, and 135 for 0.8, 0.01, and 0 ppm formaldehyde, respectively). Marks et al<sup>2</sup>has demonstrated that oral formaldehyde, even in toxic doses, does not produce statistically significant teratogenic effects in the fetuses of surviving dams. Harris et al apparently "confirmed" that formaldehyde can cause sensitization and airway obstruction based on the article by Schoenberg and Mitchell<sup>3</sup>—a cross-sectional study that lacked appropriate controls, included small numbers of exposed subjects, and did not exclude the contribution of parent resins, phenol, and acrylic breakdown products.
Endobronchial Hodgkin's disease
Authors: C. J. Donlan
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Endobronchial involvement with Hodgkin's disease has been reported infrequently. A 26-year-old woman with previously diagnosed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease had substernal chest pain and a right middle lobe infiltrate. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed nodular endobronchial lesions located at the carina, the right mainstem bronchus, and the right middle lobe orifice. A biopsy specimen of one of these lesions showed Hodgkin's disease. The patient was then treated with sequential systemic chemotherapy. Repeated bronchoscopy showed complete resolution of the endobronchial lesions, and the patient has remained in complete remission for 24 months. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1061-1062, 1978)
A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Auditory Mismatch in Schizophrenia
Authors: C. G. Wible
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has noted functional and structural temporal lobe abnormalities in schizophrenia that relate to symptoms such as auditory hallucinations and thought disorder. The goal of the study was to determine whether the functional abnormalities are present in schizophrenia at early stages of auditory processing. METHOD: Functional magnetic resonance imaging activity was examined during the presentation of the mismatch stimuli, which are deviant tones embedded in a series of standard tones. The mismatch stimuli are used to elicit the mismatch negativity, an early auditory event-related potential. Ten patients with schizophrenia and 10 comparison subjects were presented the mismatch stimuli condition and a control condition in which only one tone was presented repeatedly. RESULTS: The superior temporal gyrus showed the most prevalent and consistent activation. The superior temporal gyrus showed less activation in the schizophrenic subjects than in the comparison subjects only during the mismatch stimuli condition. CONCLUSIONS: This result is consistent with those of mismatch negativity event-related potential studies and suggests that early auditory processing is abnormal in chronic schizophrenia.
SPIROCHETAL JAUNDICE IN SEWER WORKERS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
LONDON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Continuing medical education. Unabated debate
Authors: D. K. Wentz
Journal: JAMA (1992)

EVENTS in 1991 and 1992 reflected continuing widespread debate about the form continuing medical education (CME) should take, who should provide it, the role commercial companies should play in paying for it, and how successful completion of specific CME activities should be documented. The American Medical Association (AMA) House of Delegates reviewed the Physician's Recognition Award (PRA) certification requirements and referred questions concerning the requirements to the AMA Board of Trustees for decision. A number of CME organizations joined to develop voluntary standards for industry funding of CME and rules for disclosure of conflict of interest by CME faculty. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) took an interest in industry relationships to CME—the first time the federal government has taken a major interest in CME management. The AMA and the American Hospital Association developed a form that CME providers can use to document physician participation in activities directed toward expanding
Cancer vaccination
Authors: Jose Lopez, Vega Manuel Valladares, Lourdes Calvo, Manuel Ramos, Jesus Florian, Ellen Kurbacher, Margit-M Janat, Maria Jose, Garcia Lopez, Serafi Morales, Ricardo Gonzalez, Miguel Sanz, Pedro Valero, Miguel Ruiz, Luis Tejedor, Hugo Palombo, Miguel Valle, Vil Arnau
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
A7.09 Class 3 semaphorins modulate the invasive capacity of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes
Authors: S García Perez, B Malvar-Fernández, SP Newsom, MW Tang, TR Radstake, DL Baeten, PP Tak, KA Reedquist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> The semaphorin family is a large group of proteins initially described in axon guidance. However, semaphorins also play a role in other processes such as the regulation of immunity, angiogenesis, apoptosis and cell migration and invasion. Moreover, semaphorins have been related with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, myocarditis, atherosclerosis and cancer. However, the potential role of class 3 semaphorins in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. The aim of this study is analyse the role of class 3 semaphorins in the pathology of RA. <h3>Methods</h3> mRNA expression of class 3 semaphorins in the synovial tissue of early, DMARD-naive arthritis patients and RA FLS was analysed by qPCR. FLS were stimulated with semaphorin (Sema)3A, Sema3B or Sema3F in the presence or absence of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and cell migration and invasion were determined using wound closure motility and transwell invasion assays. <h3>Results</h3> mRNA expression of class 3 semaphorins in the synovial tissue of early arthritis patients negatively and significantly correlated with the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators and the disease activity parameters of these patients. Moreover, Sema3B, Sema3C, Sema3F and Sema3G mRNA expression was significantly lower in early arthritis patients who developed persistent disease compared with patients with self-limiting disease after two year follow-up. Sema3F and Sema3B expression was significantly lower in patients that developed RA after 2 years of follow-up compared to those who remained as undifferentiated arthritis patients. FLS expression of Sema3A was significantly induced after IL-1, TNF or LPS stimulation, while the expression of Sema3B and Sema3F was down-regulated. Finally, functional assays showed that Sema3A significantly induced the migration and invasion of FLS. In contrast, Sema3B and Sema3F reduced spontaneous FLS migration and PDGF-induced cell invasion. <h3>Conclusion</h3> our data demonstrate that class 3 semaphorins are differentially expressed in the synovium of early patients depending on the severity and the progression of the disease and that Sema3A, Sema3B and Sema3F play an important role in the invasive capacity of RA FLS. Together, class 3 semaphorins and their receptors could be useful biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of RA.
David Mattingly
Authors: C. Seamark
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Objective</h3> We aimed at identifying baseline predictive factors for emergency department (ED) readmission, with hospitalisation/death, in patients with COVID-19 previously discharged from the ED. We also developed a disease progression velocity index. <h3>Design and setting</h3> Retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data. The charts of consecutive patients with COVID-19 discharged from the Reggio Emilia (Italy) ED (2 March 2 to 31 March 2020) were retrospectively examined. Clinical, laboratory and CT findings at first ED admission were tested as predictive factors using multivariable logistic models. We divided CT extension by days from symptom onset to build a synthetic velocity index. <h3>Participants</h3> 450 patients discharged from the ED with diagnosis of COVID-19. <h3>Main outcome measure</h3> ED readmission within 14 days, followed by hospitalisation/death. <h3>Results</h3> Of the discharged patients, 84 (18.7%) were readmitted to the ED, 61 (13.6%) were hospitalised and 10 (2.2%) died. Age (OR=1.05; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.08), Charlson Comorbidity Index 3 versus 0 (OR=11.61; 95% CI 1.76 to 76.58), days from symptom onset (OR for 1-day increase=0.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90) and CT extension (OR for 1% increase=1.03; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.06) were associated in a multivariable model for readmission with hospitalisation/death. A 2-day lag velocity index was a strong predictor (OR for unit increase=1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.36); the model including this index resulted in less information loss. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A velocity index combining CT extension and days from symptom onset predicts disease progression in patients with COVID-19. For example, a 20% CT extension 3 days after symptom onset has the same risk as does 50% after 10 days.
A Manual of Gynecology.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P04.02 * GERMLINE REARRANGEMENTS IN FAMILIES WITH STRONG FAMILY HISTORY OF GLIOMA AND MALIGNANT MELANOMA, COLON AND BREAST CANCER
Authors: U. Andersson, C. Wibom, K. Cederquist, S. Aradottir, A. Borg, G. N. Armstrong, S. Shete, T. G. Consortium, M. L. Bondy, B. S. Melin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Although familial susceptibility to glioma is known, the genetic basis for this susceptibility remains unidentified in the majority of glioma-specific families. An alternative approach to identifying such genes is to examine cancer pedigrees that include glioma as one of several cancer phenotypes to determine whether common chromosomal modifications might account for the familial aggregation of glioma and other cancers. METHODS: Germline rearrangements in 146 glioma families from the Gliogene Consortium (http://www.gliogene.org/) with at least two glioma cases verified and a third reported or verified in the same family or two glioma cases in the family with at least one family member affected with melanoma, colon or breast cancer were examined using Multiplex Ligation dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). The genomic areas covering TP53, CDKN2A, MLH1 and MSH2 were selected as these genes have previously been reported to be associated with cancer pedigrees known to include glioma. RESULTS: We detected a single structural rearrangement, a deletion of exons 1-6 in MSH2, in the proband of one family with 3 cases with glioma and 1 relative with colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Large deletions and duplications are rare events in familial glioma cases even in families with a strong family history with cancers that may be involved in known cancer syndromes.
Update: West Nile Virus Screening of Blood Donations and Transfusion-Associated Transmission—United States, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2004)

In 2002, transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) of West Nile virus (WNV) infection acquired through blood transfusion marked the emergence of a new threat to the U.S. blood supply. Although mosquito-borne transmission remains the predominant mode of WNV transmission, identification of TAT underscored the need for WNV screening of donated blood. In June 2003, blood-collection agencies (BCAs) implemented investigational WNV nucleic acid-amplification tests (NATs) to screen all blood donations and identify potentially infectious donations for quarantine and retrieval. This screening was performed on approximately 6 million units during June-December 2003, resulting in the removal of at least 818 viremic blood donations from the blood supply. This report summarizes the results of blood-donation screening tests conducted during 2003 and describes six cases of WNV TAT that occurred because of transfusion of components containing low levels of virus not detected by the testing algorithm. These data indicate that blood screening for WNV has improved blood safety. However, a small risk of WNV transfusion-associated transmission remains. To address this risk, changes to screening strategies are planned for 2004.
Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Samuel Bellet
Journal: JAMA (1964)

OF ALL THE ARRHYTHMIAS, atrial fibrillation is the one most frequently associated with organic heart disease and heart failure. Moreover, it responds most satisfactorily to therapy, often with dramatic results. Two types of atrial fibrillation are encountered: paroxysmal and established. The condition occurs most frequently after the age of 40. Rarely seen in infants, it is not uncommon in older children, predominantly in females; later in life the incidence is higher in males. Atrial fibrillation is almost always observed in the presence of myocardial disease, especially of an advanced form. It occurs in about 60% of patients with heart failure. The etiological factors are varied. In a general hospital sample, the hypertensive, arteriosclerotic-heart-disease group ranks first in frequency, with the rheumatic-heart-disease group second: Other less common factors include thyrotoxicosis, toxic factors, and association with congenital cardiac anomalies. Atrial fibrillation, as well as other arrhythmias, is seen not infrequently during surgery
A randomized trial of medical quality assurance. Improving physicians' use of pelvimetry
Authors: M. R. Chassin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The capacity of educational programs to improve physician performance remains doubtful despite many evaluative efforts. This is especially true for programs sponsored by the federal government. We tested the efficacy of an educational program conducted by Professional Standards Review Organizations in reducing the inappropriate use of x-ray pelvimetry. This procedure may cause harm to the fetus, and there is little evidence that it is efficacious. We randomly assigned 120 hospitals in six Professional Standards Review Organizations to study and control groups. Physicians with delivery privileges at each study hospital participated in an educational program that discussed acceptable indications for x-ray pelvimetry. Pelvimetry use was similar in study and control hospitals before the program. However, after the program, pelvimetry was performed by physicians at study hospitals less than one third as often as by physicians at control hospitals. We conclude that educational programs can improve physician performance substantially and that such programs can be effectively conducted by federally sponsored physician organizations. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1012-1016)
Fatal pulmonary emboli still being missed
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Patients with pneumonia are still dying of an additional, undiagnosed condition: pulmonary embolism. So are some patients with congestive heart failure. Elderly patients are particularly likely to die with unrecognized emboli in their lungs. These are some of the findings from a study of 1,455 autopsies performed at Boston's Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now part of Brigham and Women's Hospital). The autopsies were performed on 61% of all patients who died at the hospital between January 1973 and December 1977. Samuel Z. Goldhaber, MD, a cardiology fellow in the Department of Medicine, was chief investigator for the study and reported the findings at the recent meeting of the American Heart Association at Miami Beach, Fla. Goldhaber and co-workers Charles H. Hennekens, MD, DrPH, Denis A. Evans, MD, Elizabeth C. Newton, and John J. Godleski, MD, also reviewed all hospital admission forms for the patients who came to autopsy. They found
Book Review Combined Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for Students and Medical Practitioners . Revised and rewritten by J. M. Munro Kerr, LL.D., M.D., F.R.F.P.&amp;S. (Glas.), F.R.C.O.G. Third edition. 8°, cloth, 1192 pp., with 499 illustrations and numerous x-ray plates. Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins Company, 1939. $12.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1940)
Hyperglycemia reduces gallbladder emptying and plasma hormone secretion to modified sham feeding and regular feeding
Authors: S de Boer
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute stable hyperglycemia on gallbladder motility, plasma cholecystokinin level and pancreatic polypeptide secretion. Gallbladder emptying in response to modified sham feeding and regular feeding was determined in six healthy subjects on two separate occasions during normoglycemia (serum glucose = 5 mmol/L) and during hyperglycemia (serum glucose = 15 mmol/L). Pancreatic polypeptide secretion was determined as an indirect measure of cholinergic tone. Gallbladder contraction in response to sham feeding during hyperglycemia (9% ± 2%) was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared with that in normoglycemia (22% ± 1%). During hyperglycemia, gallbladder emptying after meal ingestion (29% ± 9%) was significantly (p < 0.05) less than that in normoglycemia (60% ± 10%). Sham feeding did not affect plasma cholecystokinin levels. Regular feeding induced significant (p < 0.05) increases in plasma cholecystokinin levels in both experiments. However, integrated postprandial plasma cholecystokinin secretion was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced during hyperglycemia compared with that in normoglycemia (29 ± 5 pmol ± 60 min vs. 58 10 pmol ± 60 min). Modified sham feeding–and feeding-stimulated pancreatic polypeptide secretion during hyperglycemia (235 ± 95 pmol ± 90 min and 1,035 ± 267 pmol ± 60 min, respectively) were significantly (p < 0.05) less than levels seen in normoglycemia (434 ± 71 pmol ± 90 min and 1,961 ± 219 pmol · 60 min, respectively). This study indicates that gallbladder emptying and plasma hormone secretion in response to sham feeding and regular feeding are affected by blood glucose levels. (Hepatology 1993;17:1022–1027.)
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Bacterial Meningitis
Authors: Allan R. Tunkel, W. Michael Scheld
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1993)

Despite the availability of bactericidal antibiotics with potent in vitro activity against the major meningeal pathogens, the morbidity and mortality from bacterial meningitis remains unacceptably high. Animal models have proven to be extremely valuable in the study of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis, with the hopes of providing new information that may lead to an improved outcome from this disorder. Bacterial meningitis usually begins with nasopharyngeal colonization by a new organism, followed by invasion and bacteremia. Subsequently there is central nervous system invasion, although the exact site and mechanism of meningeal invasion are unknown. The generation of an intense subarachnoids pace inflammatory response, induced by release of bacterial virulence factors and/or inflammatory cytokines, contributes to many of the pathophysiologicc onsequences of bacterial meningitis, including cerebral edema, increased intracranial pressure, and alterations of cerebral blood flow. Attenuation of this inflammatory response ( e.g. by co-administration of antiinflammatory agents) may diminish many of these pathophysiologic consequences of meningitis, and perhaps improve morbidity and mortality from this disorder
Platelet and leukocyte counts in pregnancy
Authors: R. M. Pitkin
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Platelets and leukocytes in venous blood were counted with automated methodology in 23 women studied longitudinally throughout pregnancy and at six weeks after delivery. The average platelet count declined monotonically in a manner consistent with the gestational increase in blood volume. Total leukocyte count rose early in gestation and remained elevated, with neutrophils accounting for the changes. Absolute neutrophil counts during gestation were nearly twice those of the same women postpartum (5.76 vs 3.13çu mm ×10<sup>-3</sup>.) The monocyte count also tended to increase, whereas lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils declined in number. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2696-2698, 1979)