tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Studies on the Fate of Inhaled Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) in Rats
Authors: R. E. Hefner, P. G. Watanabe, P. J. Gehring
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Rats were exposed to vinyl chloride monomer gas (VCM) in a closed recirculating system. The rate at which VCM was removed from the system via metabolism was determined for rats exposed to initial concentrations of VCM ranging from 50 to 1167 ppm. Upon exposure to initial concentrations of 50 to 105 ppm, the rate of metabolism was 8.04 plus or minus 3.40 x 10(-3) min-1. Upon exposure to initial concentrations ranging from 202 to 1167 ppm, the rate constants were less; the mean value being 2.65 plus or minus 1.35 x 10(-3) min-1. Regardless of concentration, the disappearance followed apparent first order kinetics. Pretreatment of rats with pyrazole prior to exposure to initial concentrations of 65 and 1234 ppm VCM caused 71 and 87% reductions in the rate of metabolism. Ethanol caused 96% and 83% reductions in the rate of VCM metabolism by rats exposed to 56 and 97 ppm VCM, respectively. Ethanol was less effective in blocking the rate of metabolism by rats exposed to high concentrations of VCM; 46 and 36% in rats exposed to 1025 and 1034 ppm VCM. In rats exposed to an initial concentration of 65 ppm VCM, SKF-525-A administration caused no inhibition of the rate of VCM metabolism; however, a 19% inhibition was seen in rats exposed to 1038 ppm. The nonprotein sulfhydryl content of the liver (glutathione and cysteine) of rats exposed to VCM concentrations ranging from 50 to 15,000 ppm VCM is reduced without a relationship to dose. With repeated daily exposure the degree of reduction is reduced. Preliminary results indicate that the primary metabolites of VCM react with the nonprotein sulfhydryl. Final metabolic products excreted in the urine appear to be S-(2-hydroxyethyl) cysteine and S-(2-carboxymethyl)cysteine and the respective N-acetyl derivatives. Monochloroacetic acid was identified as another potential metabolite. Considering the results in toto, it is hypothesized that VCM is readily and extensively metabolized. Metabolism via the primary pathway, postulated to involve alcohol dehydrogenase, is swamped by exposures to concentrations exceeding 220 ppm. In rats exposed to concentrations at and exceeding this level, metabolism occurs via a secondary pathway(s), postulated to be epoxidation and/or peroxidation. These results are considered pertinent is assessing the potential hazard at low level exposures to VCM.
Enzyme and Metabolic Inhibitors. Vol 1: General Principles of Inhibition.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rehabilitation in Disseminated Sclerosis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New Mexico's Mutilated Hand
Authors: Klaus F. Wellmann
Journal: JAMA (1972)

A North American Indian pictograph of a mutilated hand, painted before 1671 AD, and a prehistoric petroglyph portraying polydactylism— both found in New Mexico—are illustrated. For cultural reasons, especially in connection with death and disease, finger amputation was widespread among early populations in many regions of the world. By contrast, polydactylism, which has a low incidence at the many rock art sites in North America, has an unknown significance, and probably paralleled the incidence of the anomaly in Indian populations.
On the Treatment of Certain Forms of Uterine Cancer
Authors: C. H. F. Routh
Journal: BMJ (1870)

cone out of the examination half as well as have our earliest membes Let us so work that it may be said of us what we can say of themthat we availed ourselves to the utmost of the sources of knowledge we inherited from those who had gone before: that we laboured honestly at the work we had in hand, and did it well: that we added largely to the sum total of achieved results-to the capital of our profession.For, let us remember that, as we have lived under circumstances more favourable for progress than our predecessors, it is incumbent upon us to transmit to those who come after an enlarged and more expanded knowledge of the practice and principles of the profession which we follow.
Coherent contrast imaging quantification for myocardial perfusion assessment Manuel Desco, Maria J. Ledesma-Carbayo, Andres Santos, Miguel A. Garcia-Fernandez, Pedro Marcos, Norberto Malpica, Jose C. Antoranz, Pedro Garcia-Barreno. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara�on, Madrid, Spain, ETSI Telecommunication, Madrid, Spain
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Contribution of Chlorination to the Mutagenic Activity of Drinking Water Extracts in Salmonella and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
Authors: George R. Douglas, Earle R. Nestmann, Guy Lebel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The production of chlorinated by-products through chlorine disinfection of drinking water has been well documented. Natural organic precursors for these chemicals include fulvic and humic acids, the chlorination of which leads to the production of mutagenic compounds. Comparisons of extracts of raw versus treated waters have confirmed that clorination during water treatment produces mutagenic activity in the Salmonella (Ames) test. Present work on XAD-2 extracts of raw and chlorinated water from six municipalities in the Great Lakes region of Canada has involved a battery of mutagenicity assays for various genetic endpoints: the Salmonella test, the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE), and the micronucleus (MN) induction in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. All extracts of treated (chlorinated), but none of untreated, water were mutagenic in the Salmonella assay. On the other hand, extracts of both treated and untreated water samples showed activity in the SCE and MN assays, but no consistent pattern of response with regard to treatment (chlorination) was evident. These data show that chlorination contributes mutagens to drinking water and suggest that mammalian in vitro assays may be more sensitive for detecting mutagenicity in water samples than the Salmonella test.
Clinical Chemistry.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Classic Pages
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

BATE OF BLOOD FLOW IN TBS ARM.63 most striking results were obtained in an individual who was placed in a very hot tab bath, and left there about 10 minutes, at which time he began to oomplain of a tense of fatness in the head.Previous to the bath his arm rate had been 3-1 oe. of blood per 100 cc. of arm substance per minute.Subsequent to the bath, with a body temperature of 103-8°, his rate was 15-6 oo.Still later, after his temperature had fallen to 101-2°, the rate was 13-6 oo.This patient showed no effects of the application of heat, as/ eo/ 80/ 7y &>/ ' / f / / J
TRUE OR FALSE?
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship of H-ras-1, L-myc, and p53 Polymorphisms with Lung Cancer Risk and Prognosis
Authors: Ainsley Weston, Neil E. Caporaso, Laurie S. Perrin, Haruhiko Sugimura, Seiichi Tamai, Theodore G. Krontiris, Benjamin F. Trump, Robert N. Hoover, Curtis C. Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Proto-oncogenes (H-ras-1 and L-myc) and tumor-suppressor gene (p53) loci have been implicated in lung carcinogenesis. DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms at these gene loci are being evaluated in a case-control study as markers predictive of risk for cancer or of prognosis when cancer is present. The cases and controls had a cigarette-smoking history of 40 or more pack years or other abnormalities in pulmonary function tests, their ages were closely matched (64 years for cases and 61 years for controls) and the ratio of Caucasians to African Americans was close to unity (cases, 0.95:1.00, controls, 1.00:0.88). The H-ras-1 gene contains an insertion deletion polymorphism. Inheritance of rare H-ras-1 alleles, defined by MspI digestion, confers a relative risk for lung cancer of 2.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-7.3) for Caucasians and 3.2 (0.9-11.6) for African Americans (74 cases, 67 controls). The L-myc gene sequence has a restriction site (EcoR1) polymorphism between the second and third exons. Inheritance of restriction site-present alleles was reported to confer poor prognosis (presence of lymph node metastases) in Japanese lung cancer patients. This hypothesis was tested in both case-control study subjects (56 cases, 55 controls) and additional surgical cases (40), but no evidence was found to support the hypothesis in the U.S. population. The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressor gene that can encode either a proline or an arginine in the 72nd residue. No associations was found between the minor allele (proline) and diagnosis of lung cancer (76 cases, 68 controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Studies show the obese may prefer fats to sweets
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Just a spoonful of sugar helps the dietary fat go down. According to recent research, people who claim to dislike any bovine-derived beverage except skim milk express a strong preference for heavy cream spiked with a dollop of sucrose. These findings were presented by Adam Drewnowski, PhD, assistant professor, Laboratory of Human Behavior and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York City, and M.R.C. Greenwood, PhD, professor of biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, at the recent Chicago meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB). In their study, Drewnowski and Greenwood administered chilled milk products—skim milk, with 0.1% fat; whole milk, with 3.5% fat; half-and-half, with 11.7% fat; heavy cream, with 37.6% fat; and heavy cream plus 15% safflower oil added to boost its fat content to 52.6% —to five male and 11 female under-graduates of normal weight. In randomized order each drink was given alone and mixed with
Bacterial endocarditis complicated by myocardial infarction in a pediatric patient
Authors: H. M. Feder
Journal: JAMA (1982)

CLINICALLY apparent embolic episodes occur in about 20% of pediatric patients with bacterial endocarditis.<sup>1,2</sup>Emboli most frequently involve the lungs, brain, extremities, spleen, kidneys, and mesenteric vessels.<sup>1-3</sup>Emboli to the coronary arteries resulting in a myocardial infarction, while not uncommon in adults,<sup>4,5</sup>are rare in children<sup>6</sup>and usually result in sudden death.<sup>6-8</sup>The purpose of this report is to draw attention to the fact that myocardial infarction can complicate bacterial endocarditis in children, to discuss the appropriate therapy, and to document the favorable long-term outcome in a patient who survived with conservative therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 15-year-old girl was admitted to Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Conn, in November 1978 because of acute onset of abdominal pain. At age 6 years, she had had rheumatic fever characterized by arthritis, erythema marginatum rash, and carditis that resulted in mitral insufficiency. Since then, she has received monthly
Myocardial contrast echocardiography is a feasible method to evaluate neovascularization by autologous implantation of bone marrow cells Takashi Nishiue, Hiroshi Kamihata, Hiroaki Matsubara, Soichiro Fujiyama, Yoshiaki Tsutsumi, Mari Tokioka, Toshiji Iwasaka. Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Malarial Hemoglobinuria.
Authors: Mark A. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Cincinnati, Ohio, July 30, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have been particularly interested in the articles on malaria, in theJournalof July 29. Coming from such acute observers as Dock and Fackler, they can hardly fail to attract attention, and certainly influence if not compel belief. Of especial interest is Dr. Dock's handling of that much discussed subject, malarial hemoglobinuria, and his remarks concerning the frequency with which this complication is reported on insufficient grounds, i. e., without corroborative blood examination, leads me to report a case in which the diagnosis was repeatedly confirmed by the use of the microscope. In brief, the history is as follows: A white adult male, aged 40, with frequent attacks of chills and fever for over a year previous to passage of blood in his urine, had taken quinin irregularly during that time, but had not taken any for several weeks previous to
In this issue
Authors: Lucy Bird, Olive Leavy, Kirsty Minton, Yvonne Bordon, Maria Papatriantafyllou, Isabel Woodman, Yukie Ozawa, Catriona Rodwell, Man Tse, Lucie Wootton, Lewis Packwood, Simon Bradbrook, Susanne Harris, Vicky Summersby, Patrick Morgan, Kirsten Lee
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2011)
Anticoagulation and transjungular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for the management of portal vein thrombosis in cirrhosis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yong Lv, Kai Li, Zhengyu Wang, Chuangye He, Wei Bai, Wengang Guo, Tainlei Yu, Xulong Yuan, Jianhong Wang, Qiuhe Wang, Hui Chen, Enxin Wang, Dongdong Xia, Bohan Luo, Xiaomei Li, Jie Yuan, Na Han, Ying Zhu, Jing Niu, Zhanxin Yin, Daiming Fan, Guohong Han
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Poor improvement of on-treatment FIB-4 index after initiation of nucleos(t)ide analogs is associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Miyako Murakawa, Taro Shimizu, Eiko Takeichi, Jun Tsuchiya, Ayako Sato, Masato Miyoshi, Fukiko Kawai-Kitahata, Sayuri Nitta, Yasuhiro Itsui, Mina Nakagawa, Seishin Azuma, Sei Kakinuma, Yasuhiro Asahina
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Normal-pressure hydrocephalus: saga or swamp?
Authors: A. M. Clarfield
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) was first identified by Adams et al<sup>1</sup>in 1965. They described three patients: two women aged 62 and 63 years and one man aged 65 years who presented with the triad of dementia of recent onset, gait disorder, and urinary incontinence. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting provided a spectacular cure in all three cases. Since that time, many case series have been published (for example, references 2 through 5) and reviewed.<sup>6,7</sup>The syndrome is one of communicating hydrocephalus in which intracranial hypertension is either absent or goes unrecognized. Although it can occur secondary to head injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracranial surgery, brain tumors, or meningitis, most patients give no such history and the syndrome is consequently termed "idiopathic."<sup>6</sup> In this issue ofThe Journal, Friedland<sup>8</sup>provides us with a case history that involves a successful shunt procedure for an elderly woman with NPH. What makes this
Prevention and management of organophosphate poisoning
Authors: T. H. Milby
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The organophosphates are the pesticides most often involved in serious human poisoning. That involvement is likely to increase, because recent governmental actions against the use of DDT and related organochlorine pesticides will likely increase the domestic and agricultural use of the organophosphate pesticides. Accordingly, practicing physicians in all communities should know how to diagnose and treat organophosphate intoxication and how to advise patients on the principles of poisoning prevention. The organophosphate pesticides, a closely related family of chemicals, share a number of characteristics which are of considerable importance to the clinician. They are widely used as insecticides, and all are cholinesterase inhibitors of varying potency. All may penetrate the intact skin but do not accumulate in body tissues as do many of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. The organophosphates are nonpersistent in the environment; that is, after application they rapidly break down into relatively nontoxic substances. Lastly, all are capable of
Hemophilia.
Authors: A. J. Cook
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Cleveland, Ohio, July 7, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In theJournalof June 24 (p. 1449), relating to an article read by Dr. G. W. Wagner, before the Detroit Medical and Library Association, on "Hemophilia," I notice he regards "exposure of bleeding wounds to the air" by him as probably original treatment. Perhaps it is original, but this means of controlling capillary oozing in these cases was suggested to me about twenty-five years ago by the late Dr. Isaac N. Harris, professor of physiology and histology in the Western Reserve Medical College. I do not know that it was original with him. This procedure proved efficacious in more than one instance to my knowledge. Respectfully,
Incubating babies.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Incubating babiesFew aspects of neonatal care have received more attention than the need to keep small babies warm.Silverman's studies' in the late 1950s highlighted what the first neonatal clinicians2 had known all along: cold can kill.He showed that babies of under 2000 g enclosed in a single-walled incubator in which air was humidified and controlled at 31-32°C by a simple on-off thermostat with fan-assisted convection were 20% more likely to survive than babies in a similar incubator at 28-29°C.Even at 31-32°C many of the smaller babies continued to be mildly hypothermic, however, so work began on a modified incubator in which the convective warmth of the enclosed environment was supplemented by a radiant roof panel controlled by a skin thermistor.Two independent trials of the new incubator in 1964 showed that babies whose abdominal skin was kept at a
JAMA Cardiovascular Disease Theme Issue
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal