tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Informed Consent
Authors: John H. Sorenson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article "What We Do and Do Not Know About Informed Consent" (1981;246:2473), Alan Meisel, JD, and Loren Roth, MD, MPH, have performed an important service in criticizing the existing empirical literature on informed consent as limited and flawed. Their article and substantial bibliography are, however, troublesome as well as thought-provoking and helpful. The article is troublesome for two main reasons. First, their question whether informed consent is feasible is a secondary not primary question. The primary question is what moral and ethical value is placed on freedom by the medical profession that is responsible by custom, law, and regulation for administering informed consent. The moral value of freedom is at issue. The primary controversy is over whose choice is best and, therefore, ought to prevail. If the physician's choice is judged best for the patient (because, as is usually argued, it is supported by scientific
Health Care Delivery in the United States
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is the third edition of a book first published in 1977, but with chapters added reflecting the concern with new developments and issues in a dynamic health services enterprise. Every important segment of the structure and performance of the American health services enterprise has been covered by competent authors. Some of them are new, indicating the welcome appearance of younger authors in a field filled with aging war-horses, the reviewer among them. The list of topics is familiar: concept of health care, population characteristics, health services manpower, ambulatory care, hospitals, financing, planning, government in health care, and the history of legislation for national health insurance. New chapters in the third edition are health maintenance organizations, home care and hospices, technology assessment, and the corporate trends in health care. The editor, Steven Jonas, provides a suitable introduction and an overall review and observations at the end of the text. He
Murine Major Histocompatibility Complex Class-I Mutants: Molecular Analysis and Structure-Function Implications
Authors: S. Nathenson
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1986)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
AN HITHERTO UNDESCRIBED FAMILY FORM OF MOTOR NERVE TROUBLE DUE TO COLD.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In hypertension, the kidney is not always the heart of the matter
Authors: Michael E. Mendelsohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Blood pressure abnormalities are thought to originate from intrinsic changes in the kidney, a concept that has been largely unchallenged for more than 4 decades. However, recent molecular, cellular, and transgenic mouse studies support an alternative hypothesis: primary abnormalities in vascular cell function can also directly cause abnormalities of blood pressure. In this issue of the JCI, Crowley and coworkers describe the application of an elegant cross-renal transplant model to type 1A angiotensin (AT1A) receptor–deficient mice and their wild-type littermates to explore the relative contributions of renal and extrarenal tissues to the low blood pressure seen in the AT1A receptor–deficient animals. Their studies further support the emerging paradigm that primary abnormalities of the vasculature can make unique, nonredundant contributions to blood pressure regulation; the findings have potentially important implications for the ways we diagnose and treat blood pressure diseases in humans.
Editorial: Is chronic obstructive lung disease improved by physical exercise?
Authors: A. L. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Recent studies of hemodynamic responses to physical training (PT) in patients with chronic lung disease have not reported improvement in circulatory efficiency; thus, maximal cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume were unchanged by PT.<sup>1</sup>The clinical improvement observed by Degre et al<sup>1</sup>was associated with an increase in the arterial blood Po<sub>2</sub>at rest; the principal favorable effects of training were interpreted as an increased ability to extract oxygen more thoroughly from the circulatory blood and a favorable change in the ventilation perfusion ratio. Their patients received oxygen nasally, 3 to 4 liters/min, during exercise "in order to prevent rhythm disturbances previously observed during exercise."<sup>1</sup> In another hemodynamic study of PT, Alpert et al<sup>2</sup>found that after PT training, heart rates were considerably decreased, but that cardiac output and stroke output were unchanged. They concluded that no improvement in cardiac function could be detected.
Deciphering migraine
Authors: Takahiro Takano, Maiken Nedergaard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Migraine is an episodic headache disorder affecting as many as 10% of people worldwide. Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is an autosomal dominant subtype of severe migraine accompanied by visual disturbances known as aura. Migrainous aura is caused by cortical spreading depression (CSD) - a slowly advancing wave of tissue depolarization in the cortex. More than half of FHM cases are caused by mutations in the CACNA1A gene, which encodes a neuronal Cav2.1 Ca2+ channel, resulting in increased Ca2+ flow into dendrites and excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. In this issue of the JCI, Eikermann-Haerter et al. show that transgenic mice with FHM-associated mutations in Cacna1a have increased susceptibility to CSD compared with wild-type animals, likely due to augmentation of excitatory neurotransmission (see the related article beginning on page 99). Additional as-yet-undefined channel mutations may similarly render the migraine brain more susceptible to the initiation of CSD, with implications not only for the genesis of migraine but also for the hypoxic injury that accompanies its worst manifestation, complicated migraine.
HEALTH AND SUMMER RESORTS.
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EHPnet: Taking Inventory of Toxics
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Forum actually helped us-[it] took a lot of stuff that had settled on the bottom, came up high enough, and left fast enough so it may give us some help," he says."But then in a few years, it'll fill back in.A hurricane can't hurt you; long-term, [hurricanes] have been around forever.Hopefully, it took more stuff off the bottom than it put on the bottom.Next June or July will tell.
Cat Fever
Authors: Stuart H. Shapiro, Stanley M. Wyman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Cat fever is a new disease entity that has a broad clinical spectrum. The predominant symptom appears as a feverish impulse to own, operate, exploit, or write about what has been known as Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) but has now been renamed Computed Tomography (CT).Cat fever has reached epidemic proportions and continues to spread among physicians, manufacturers, entrepreneurs, and regulatory agencies. A cursory review of any radiologic or neuroscience journal attests to the virulence of this new disease. Within the United States alone, the costs of this epidemic are staggering. Each machine costs between 400,000 and 600,000 dollars. In . . .
Autoallergic Hepatitis
Authors: Deborah Doniach, J. Geoffrey Walker, Ivan M. Roitt, Peter A. Berg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

A NUMBER of human diseases are now accepted as "primary" autoimmune disorders — that is, the immune processes directed against tissue constituents are held responsible for the pathogenesis of the lesions, the word "primary" implying that no known organism or triggering external agent for the perpetuation of the observed autoallergic phenomena can be implicated at present.In hepatic disease, the concept of a primary autoallergic disorder is more speculative. No liver-specific antibodies have yet been demonstrated, and immunization of animals with liver extracts has not given rise to a convincing form of hepatitis or to progressive cirrhosis.1 In spite of . . .
Tumor lysis syndrome occurring after the administration of rituximab in lymphoproliferative disorders: High‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Honghao Yang, Michael H. Rosove, Robert A. Figlin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, has been recently approved for the treatment of low-grade or follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Because of its relatively benign side effect profile, it has been considered a nontoxic alternative to chemotherapy. Recently, however, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) resulting from rituximab has been reported in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We herein present two cases of rituximab-induced TLS. The first case occurred in a patient with high-grade NHL, while the second case occurred in a patient with CLL. We also present a summary of the literature regarding TLS induced by immunotherapies. Am. J. Hematol. 62:247–250, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Prevention of obesity in mice by antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
Authors: Guoqiang Jiang, Zhihua Li, Franklin Liu, Kenneth Ellsworth, Qing Dallas-Yang, Margaret Wu, John Ronan, Christine Esau, Cain Murphy, Deborah Szalkowski, Raynald Bergeron, Thomas Doebber, Bei B. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

During the preparation of the manuscript, the file conversion process led to the introduction of errors in the Methods section.The correct temperatures and procedures are listed below.
Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with birth defects
Authors: J. D. Erickson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Vietnam veterans' risks for fathering babies with major structural birth defects were assessed using a case-control study. Information regarding military service in Vietnam was obtained from interviews with mothers and fathers of babies in case and control groups and from review of military records. Vietnam veterans, in general, did not have an increased risk of fathering babies with defects (all types combined; relative risk estimate, 0.97). Vietnam veterans who had greater estimated opportunities for Agent Orange exposure did not seem to be at greater risk for fathering babies with all types of defects combined. However, for a few specific types of defects the estimated risks were higher for subgroups of Vietnam veterans that may have had a greater likelihood of exposure to Agent Orange. These seemingly higher risks could be chance events, the result of some experience in the Vietnam service of the father, or the result of some other unidentified risk factor. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:903-912)
CORRECTION
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

On the origin of rice bodies with apatite crystalsWe read with interest the article of Li-Yu et al on synovial rice bodies containing calcium hydroxyapatite crystals. 1 From their findings the authors assume that the pathogenesis of this "apparently" rare coincidence of fibrin with bone-like apatite crystals remains unexplained.A brief case report may give insight into the development of such a coincidence.A specimen taken at operation from the knee joint of a 55 year old woman with longstanding seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and rapid joint destruction owing to ischaemic bone necroses of the femoral and tibial compartment exhibited macroscopically a synovial membrane entirely covered with villous fibrin. 2 Light microscopy showed villi of older fibrin including a lot of tissue fragments (fig 1A).Sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin showed that these particles consisted of irregular shaped bone sequesters and basophilic granules as well as shreds of hyaline cartilage.In alizarin red stained sections the bone fragments were usually faintly stained (fig 1B).However, a multitude of tiny granules were characterised by a strong stainability with this "calcium dye" (fig 1C). 3 From this observation it can be deduced that bone debris from osteonecrotic areas gained access to the synovial membrane via the synovial fluid.The shreds of bone debris induced a preferentially "fibrinous inflammation", leading to villi with entrapped cartilage and bone fragments of different size as well as tiny bone particles appearing as alizarin red granules.With respect to the development of rice bodies of fibrin with enclosed "apatite crystals" it may be assumed that parts of the villous fibrin with bone particles can become detached from their synovial adherence and "reappear" in the synovial fluid with the formation of rice bodies.The morphological findings described in the case report are an unusual major form of fibrinous debris synovitis due to large bone necroses.However, minor forms of this synovial reaction, originally described by Freund in 1927, 4 are not rare, and histological investigations on synovial membranes from
Rare and more prevalent cancers may have much in common at gene level
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1988)

CANCER FAMILIES, which have long been a source of information on rare inherited malignancies, are beginning to provide insights into the development of common cancers as well. What investigators are finding is that, at the level of the gene, rare and common forms of cancer have a great deal in common. Many apparently result from the same aberrations in the genome. The difference is basically one of timing. Persons with inherited forms of cancer are born with at least one aberration transmitted from the parent; those with sporadic forms of the disease develop these aberrations later in life. Through studying the familial forms of the disease, investigators have attained a better idea of how a cell becomes malignant. Most now agree with the multi-hit hypothesis propounded in 1971 (to explain familial carcinogenesis) by Alfred Knudsen, PhD, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia. Knudsen proposed that carcinogenesis requires more than one genetic
Clinical management of children and young adults with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in the UK
Authors: O. Greene, P. Durrington
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Life expectancy in familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) has been greatly improved by the advent of statin therapy. In the UK, however, these agents are not licensed for use in children. We approached 169 physicians responsible for lipid clinics for information on their practice in young patients, and valid responses were received from 54%. A typical lipid clinic has only 3.5 patients aged under 16 with FH. In boys aged 10-15 years 65% of physicians were prepared to treat with bile acid sequestrants but only 23% with statins. There was greater reluctance to treat in girls of the same age, corresponding figures being 52% and 12%. Despite the efficacy of statins in reducing low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, these agents are little used in children with FH. Their safety and clinical efficacy should be assessed by a randomized double-blind trial.
THE FORMATION OF GALLSTONES
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil
Authors: Jack Beaird
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters6 February 2001Cost-Effectiveness of SildenafilJack Beaird, MDJack Beaird, MDWoodlake Clinic; Richfield, MN 55423 (Beaird)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-3-200102060-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Smith and Roberts (1) would better understand why cost-effectiveness analysis should not be used in sildenafil decision making if they recalled Adam Smith's work in value theory (2). Smith taught us that “value in exchange” measures a very different aspect of value than does “value in use.” Diamonds have value mainly in exchange. Water has value mainly in use. Currency accurately measures the value of diamonds, but not of water.Cost-effectiveness analysts do interviews to elicit preferences about different states of health. They arithmetically manipulate these preferences to produce quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). They then assume that these ...References1. Smith KJ, Roberts MS. The cost-effectiveness of sildenafil. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:933-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Smith A. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Chicago: Univ of Chicago Pr; 1976:32. Google Scholar3. Volk RJ, Cantor SB, Spann SJ, Cass AR, Cardenas MP, Warren MM. Preferences of husbands and wives for prostate cancer screening. Arch Fam Med. 1997;6:72-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Gabriel SE, Kneeland TS, Melton LJ, Moncur MM, Ettinger B, Tosteson AN. Health-related quality of life in economic evaluations for osteoporosis: whose values should we use? Med Decis Making. 1999;19:141-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jack Beaird, MDAffiliations: Woodlake Clinic; Richfield, MN 55423 (Beaird) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Kenneth J. Smith and Mark S. Roberts Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Peter W. Groeneveld and Bradford W. Duncan Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Richard L. Siegel and Dale B. Glasser Cost-Effectiveness of Sildenafil Kenneth J. Smith and Mark S. Roberts Metrics 6 February 2001Volume 134, Issue 3Page: 249KeywordsDecision makingErectile dysfunctionOsteoporosisQuality adjusted life years ePublished: 6 February 2001 Issue Published: 6 February 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Journal National Cancer Institute, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errata
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Health Study" (Kamel et al. 2005). Although this was a hypothesis-generating study, the authors speculated regarding moderate exposure and associations with neurologic symptoms.Substantiation of hypotheses requires meaningful metrics of exposure and effect, and depends on exclusion and analysis of competing hypotheses for the observations.In our opinion, the article by Kamel et al. falls seriously short in several regards and requires additional data in order to provide credible and defensible conclusions.Kamel et al. (2005) analyzed a number of symptoms in those "ever" experiencing one of 23 self-reported symptoms in the preceding 12 months.The biologic significance of the Both authors are employed by companies that manufacture pesticides.