tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Barriers and enablers of locally led clinical trials in Ethiopia and Cameroon: a prospective, qualitative study
Authors: Samuel R P Franzen, Clare Chandler, Julius Atashili, Brian Angus, Trudie Lang
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2013)

BackgroundClinical trials provide gold standard evidence for policy. Local investigator-initiated trials could generate highly relevant data for national governments of low-income and middle-income countries, but too few are done and information about how to facilitate them is scarce. We identified barriers and enablers to such trials in Ethiopia and Cameroon.MethodsOur multisite, prospective qualitative study—done in Ethiopia and Cameroon—consisted of in-depth interviews (n=22), focus group discussions (n=9), and process mapping exercises (n=7). Local health-researchers with varying trial experience, senior stakeholders, and regulators were recruited through snowball sampling (n=72). Approval was obtained from home, local, and national review boards and verbal or written consent was obtained from participants. We assessed data by thematic analysis.FindingsSystem and organisational barriers to trial conduct were similar between Ethiopia and Cameroon: low resources, weak regulatory and administrative systems, few learning opportunities, little human and material capacity, and few incentives for doing research. In Ethiopia, lack of awareness, confidence, and motivation to undertake trials were key individual barriers, but in Cameroon, environments that discourage personal initiative were more problematic. Learning opportunities and international collaboration were important enablers in both countries, but encouraging more active involvement of researchers at all stages of the trial process facilitated trial undertaking in Cameroon especially.InterpretationIn addition to context-specific issues, we have shown the existence of perennial organisational and system barriers in Africa. These findings indicate a common need to make system-wide changes and build receptive research environments for researchers in low-income and low-to-middle-income countries.FundingThe Global Health Network (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation), Nuffield Department of Medicine Doctoral Prize Studentship.
Abstract P495: &lt;Polycystin-1 Regulates Cardiac Bin1 Expression And T-tubule Remodeling&gt;
Authors: Magda C. Diaz, Raúl Flores-Vergara, Ivonne Olmedo, Zully Pedrozo
Journal: Circulation Research (2021)

Background: Transverse tubules (T-tubules) play a key role in cardiac contractility. The expression of Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1), specifically, the cardiac isoforms BIN1+13 and BIN1+ 13+17 promote the formation and ultrastructure of T-tubules and it has been described that the transcriptional factor c-Myc may be a negative regulator of BIN1 expression. Polycystin-1 (PC1) is a mechanosensor in cardiomyocytes, with a crucial role to maintain cardiac function. Our aim was to determine whether PC1 regulates BIN1-induced T-tubule formation by a c-Myc-regulated mechanism. Methods: We used adult C57BL/6 cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice (PC1 KO). Cardiac function was tested by echocardiography, whereas protein and mRNA content of BIN1, PC1 and c-Myc were measured using western blot and qRT-PCR, respectively. T-tubules were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For statistical analyses, t-test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test were used. Differences were considered significant at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Survival of PC1 KO mice decreased dramatically after 7 months of age, with clear symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure (decreased fractional shortening and ejection fraction). Ventricular cardiac tissue of PC1 KO mice without (&lt; 7-month-old mice) and with symptoms (7-9-month-old mice) of heart failure (HF) was associated with reduced levels of BIN1 protein content. Total BIN1 mRNA in PC1 KO mice without symptoms did not show differences as compared to controls, but it was significantly decreased in mice with symptoms of HF. Moreover, PC1 KO mice with and without symptoms showed decreased BIN1+13 mRNA levels, whereas BIN1+13+17 mRNA was only increased in mice without symptoms. These changes in BIN1 isoforms were related with T-tubules, which showed increased lumen and decreased intra-luminal density in PC1 KO mice with and without symptoms. Furthermore, c-Myc protein content was increased in cardiac tissue of PC1 KO mice. Conclusion: PC1 may be a regulator of the differential expression of cardiac isoforms of BIN1 in cardiomyocytes by a mechanism that involves negative regulation of c-Myc, related to loss of T-tubule ultrastructure and heart failure development.
Bladder Fistula
Authors: Richard A. Mintzer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>Common1</h3> Congenital anal atresia Crohn's disease Diverticulitis Malignant neoplasm of colon, bladder, or reproductive system Postoperative or postpartum complications Radiation therapy Trauma <h3>Uncommon</h3> Appendicitis Embedded stone eroding through bladder wall Foreign body Lymphogranuloma venereum Pelvic inflammatory disease, endometritis Schistosomiasis Tuberculous enterocolitis Ulcerative colitis <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Intestinovesical fistula secondary to Crohn's disease. <h3>Comment</h3> Figure 1, roentgenogram of the pelvis obtained with the patient in the supine position during an intravenous pyelogram, demonstrates a collection of gas in the urinary bladder and an irregular filling defect in the superior wall of the bladder. Figure 2 is a selected view from a combined barium examination of the small bowel and colon demonstrating an ulcerated stenotic loop of ileum with a fistulous communication to the urinary bladder and a colovesical fistula. Figure 3 is a roentgenogram of
A Manual of Physiology with Exercises.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hair haters
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Sixty patients receiving spinal anesthesia were tested in a double-blind study. The patients were given a subarachnoid injection of either 2 ml of hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, hyperbaric lidocaine 5%, or hyperbaric mepivacaine 4%. Thirty of the patients were placed in the side position for 15 minutes to achieve spinal hemianalgesia. Thirty patients were moved to the supine horizontal position immediately after the sub-arachnoid injection. Six patients lying 45 minutes in the side position were also studied. Pinprick analgesia and motor block were tested during induction, surgery, and recovery. No spinal hemianalgesias were achieved. All anesthetics, however, produced satisfactory surgical conditions. Sensory analgesia achieved an average maximum level of T5-T6 with all solutions. Motor block was complete in the dependent leg after 15 minutes in the side position. Incomplete motor block in the nondependent leg was observed in one lidocaine patient and in six bupivacaine patients. Otherwise the differences in the spinal anesthetic properties between the different solutions were unexpectedly small. The plasma concentrations of all three drugs were nontoxic. No severe complications occurred. The most common complaint was backache in 14 of 60 patients.
Induction of Mortality and Malformation in Xenopus laevis Embryos by Water Sources Associated with Field Frog Deformities
Authors: James G. Burkhart, Judy C. Helgen, Douglas J. Fort, Kathryn Gallagher, Dorothy Bowers, Timothy L. Propst, Mark Gernes, Joe Magner, Michael D. Shelby, George Lucier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Mercury is present in the earth's crust and is methylated by bacteria in aquatic environments to methylmercury (MeHg). It is then concentrated by the food chain so predatory fish and sea mammals have the highest levels. Thus, consuming seafood leads to exposure. MeHg readily crosses the placenta and the blood-brain barrier and is neurotoxic. The developing fetal nervous system is especially sensitive to its effects. Prenatal poisoning with high dose MeHg causes mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Lower level exposures from maternal consumption of a fish diet have not been consistently associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, most studies have considerable uncertainty associated with their results. Two large controlled longitudinal studies of populations consuming seafood are underway that are likely to determine if any adverse effects can be identified. No adverse associations have been found in the Seychelles, where exposure is mainly from fish consumption. In the Faroe Islands where exposure is primarily from consumption of whale meat and not fish, adverse associations have been reported. The Seychelles population consumes large amounts of marine fish containing MeHg concentrations similar to commercial fish in the United States. Current evidence does not support the hypothesis that consumption of such fish during pregnancy places the fetus at increased neurodevelopmental risk.
SAT0313 The link between enthesitis and arthritis in psoriatic arthritis: A switch to a vascular phenotype at insertions may play a role in arthritis development
Authors: S.Z. Aydin, Z.R. Ash, I. Tinazzi, C. Castillo-Gallego, C. Kwok, C. Wilson, M. Goodfield, P. Gisondi, A.L. Tan, H. Marzo-Ortega, P. Emery, R. Wakefield, D. McGonagle
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Splenic cysts are rare clinic entities. Non-parasitic cysts are the most frequent cystic lesions of the spleen. In the last decade acknowledgment of the importance of the spleen function, along with development of imaging methods and surgery technics, allowed a conservative approach to be increasingly considered as the best approach in splenic cysts treatment. We present the case of a 34-year-old woman with an asymptomatic simple splenic cyst in the upper pole incidentally diagnosed in a thoracic CT. A laparoscopic upper pole splenectomy was performed on the patient, with no complications. Despite the rareness of this procedure and the fact that it was used in a simple splenic cyst, this article emphasises the idea that this approach is safe, reproducible and advantageous for the patient.
The Sprinkler
Authors: David P. Sklar
Journal: JAMA (1987)

When my wife suggested I try to fix the sprinkler, I answered, "Let's call one of those sprinkler companies in the Yellow Pages," and returned to the article I was reading in the<i>New York Times Magazine</i>. My wife stared at me for a moment. Then she complained, "We never fix anything ourselves. We always call the plumber or the fix-it man. It's as if you're still in the emergency room calling for surgeons and cardiologists anytime anyone has a serious problem." I put down my article for a moment. Maybe she had a point. It's true that in emergency medicine we do an initial evaluation and then refer serious cases to specialists, but the sprinkler was serious. Our grass could die and if I messed around with the sprinkler I could break a pipe and cause a very serious problem. Someone who knew sprinklers would be able to fix
Harveian Lectures on Lupus
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1888)

tion introduces into a bad stricture often proves of the greatet and most permanent advantage in cases suited for this proceeding.Fourthly, that in wounds of the urethra-made either accidentally or in the course of surgical operations, which, by the nature of cir- cumstances, have to be treated without due regard for urine drainage -means should be more systematically taken to prevent the d(levelop.ment of urine fever, as well as the formation of a dense contractile cicatrix.I found, after repeated trials, in the case of internal urethrotomies, that much might be done by irrigation, locally and through the agency of drugs, which were largely eliminated by the urine in promoting these objects.Lastly, we must remember that the prevention of stricture is within our scope.If, as I have urged, the dense cicatricial material which constitutes a stricture is the result of urine leakage occurring in the process of a chronic inflammatory affection in the interior of the canal in one instance, whilst in another it is brought about by the constant contact of the excretion with an internal wolund, as in acci- dental rupture of the urethra, then the importance in one case of irri- gation as a part of the treatment, and free urine drainage in the other, is at once evident.It is, however, in connection with ruptures of the urethra, such as
Villous Adenoma of the Rectosigmoid and Sigmoid Colon. Report of Two Cases
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PET as a biomarker of the antitumor effects of the CDK2 inhibitor BMS-387032
Authors: A. Fischman, S. Letrent, A. Bonab, E. Livni, E. Carter, R. Rubin, D. Mauro, C. Tarby, S. Galbraith, T. Griffin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2032 Background: PET is a non-invasive and sensitive technique for detecting tumors, disease staging and monitoring effects of chemotherapy; however, few studies have examined the relative performance of different radiotracers. This study characterized and compared the imaging performance of [18F] FDG, a marker of tumor metabolism, and [18F] FLT, a marker of tumor proliferation, in a human ovarian cancer model after treatment with BMS-387032, a highly selective CDK2 inhibitor that interrupts cell cycle progression at the G1/S phase. Methods: Male, athymic mice received a daily injection (i.p.) of either BMS-387032 (18 or 36 mg/kg) or vehicle over 4 days. μ PET imaging was performed at baseline, at 24 and 80 h after initiation of treatment, and at 78 h after the final dose. Average tracer concentrations in the tumor (T), contralateral (C), and muscle (M) regions of interest were used to calculate (T/C) and (T/M) ratios. Results: [18F] FLT imaging performance was consistently superior to [18F] FDG; however, both tracers were useful in assessing the antitumor effects of BMS-387032. At all imaging time points, T/C and T/M ratios were significantly higher (p<0.01) with [18F] FLT versus [18F] FDG. The PET parameters indicated a persistent effect of BMS-387032 up to 78 h after the end of treatment. Dose-response relationships were detected as early as 24 h with [18F] FLT and with both tracers at 80 h and 150 h after initiation of treatment. Dose-dependent effects were also evident with tumor size, although less pronounced. Tumor size was not well correlated with T/C or T/M with either tracer suggesting that PET and size measurements may reflect different aspects of tumor pathophysiology. Use of the [18F] FLT tracer provided superior imaging quality compared with [18F] FDG for evaluating the antitumor effects of BMS-387032 in this xenograft model. Conclusions: This translational study suggests that the assessment of tumor proliferation with [18F] FLT versus tumor metabolism with [18F] FDG has important implications in the clinical evaluation of BMS-387032 and may aid in the interpretation of clinical studies in which similar PET evaluations are being performed. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb
CONTAGIOUSNESS OF LATE SYPHILIS.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Anniversary of the National Nutrition Conference
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatric disorders
Authors: A. Lingford-Hughes
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

The nuclear medicine techniques of positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) are powerful tools for the in vivo elucidation of the neurochemistry and aetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Both have played a major role in the advancement of psychopharmacology of psychiatric disorders. It is now over 20 years since functional neuroimaging (using 133Xe inhalation) first contributed to the debate about pathophysiological mechanisms in schizophrenia [1]. Since then, there has been a plethora of studies in neuropsychiatry, with the PET and SPECT techniques playing a central role. New techniques such as multiple organs coincidence counter [2], and ligands for specific receptor subtypes, are likely to increase the application of nuclear medicine in the development of new pharmacotherapies.
RAPID GROWTH OF THE TUBERCLE BACILLUS.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prognostic Implication of Somatic Mutations By Next Generation Sequencing: An Analysis from the Mmrf Commpass Study in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Mattia D'Agostino, Stefania Oliva, Alessandra Larocca, Stefano Spada, Manuela Gambella, Mary DeRome, Michele Cavo, Massimo Aglietta, Massimo Offidani, Jennifer Yesil, Daniela Oddolo, Chiara Cerrato, Giuseppe Rossi, Antonio Ledda, Letizia Canepa, Mariella Grasso, Robert Foa', Daniel Auclair, Pellegrino Musto, Andrea Evangelista, Francesca Gay, Antonio Palumbo, Mario Boccadoro
Journal: Blood (2016)
Cyclone Tracy.
Authors: P Rhodes
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Special SituationsOther forms of heart disease are equally likely to be followed by rehabilitation problems and reference is made in the report to rehabilitation of the patient with a pacemaker, the geriatric cardiac patient, children, and the surgical cardiac patient and to the selection during rehabilitation of certain candidates for cardiac surgery. Education and CommunicationInformation about management of cardiac patients, especially after heart attacks, should be given to medical students, doctors, nurses, allied health professions, trade unions, and employers.The public and politicians should know that the techniques of cardiac rehabilitation, though relatively simple, are time-consuming and that their adoption on a wide scale will require additional staff and facilities.