tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NATHANIEL HODGES (1629-1688)— PHYSICIAN OF THE GREAT PLAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Formation of Brominated Dibenzofurans from Pyrolysis of the Polybrominated Biphenyl Fire Retardant, FireMaster FF-1
Authors: Patrick W. O'Keefe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) fire retardant, FireMaster FF-1, was pyrolyzed for 20 min at 380-400 degrees C in open glass tubes and in tubes sealed after nitrogen flushing. The pyrolyzed residue was extracted with benzene, and extracts were cleaned up on columns of graphite (Carbopack A) and alumina. Analysis was carried out by low resolution direct probe mass spectrometry (MS). Spectra from extracts of the open tube pyrolyzed material had a series of ions characteristic of tetra- and pentabrominated dibenzofurans as evidenced by comparison with spectra from 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (TBDF). Confirmatory evidence for the brominated dibenzofurans was obtained by high resolution MS dual ion analysis of certain fragment and molecular ions. Recovery values of TBDF through the cleanup procedure averaged 50% and, using this recovery value and TBDF as an external standard, dual ion analyses indicated that 40 ppm tetra- and 4 ppm pentabrominanted dibenzofuran were produced based on the PBB level used in the pyrolysis experiments. Additional analysis of the open tube pyrolyzed material by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry provided evidence that there was one tetrabromodibenzofuran compound with a retention time equal to that of TBDF. Trace levels (less than 1 ppm) of the molecular ion of tetrabrominated dibenzofuran were found after analysis by low resolution MS of the PBB pyrolyzed under nitrogen in sealed tubes. The experimental evidence is consistent with a mechanism for brominated dibenzofuran formation involving attack of oxygen on PBB compounds.
The significance of the bone marrow biopsy pattern in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A prognostic dilemma
Authors: Nurullah Zengin, Ayşe Kars, Arzu Sungur, Neslihan İnci Zengin, Mutlu Hayran, Gülten Tekuzman, Emin Kansu, Şevket Ruacan, Dinçer Fırat
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Although bone marrow biopsy pattern (BMBP) has long been suggested to be an independent prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), conflicting reports continue to appear in the literature. To investigate this issue we retrospectively reviewed 70 CLL patients who had undergone bone marrow biopsy at the time of diagnosis in a multivariate Cox regression analysis together with other prognostic factors. There were 51 (72.8%) males and 19 (27.2%) females with a median age of 60 years (range, 38–77). The median follow-up time was 24 months (range, 1–76), and median survival was 44 months. Thirtyfour patients (48.6%) had diffuse and 36 patients (51.4%) had nondiffuse BMBP (14 nodular, 11 interstitial, and 11 mixed). The median survival for diffuse and nondiffuse BMBP groups were 17 and 53 months, respectively (P= 0.05). Sixteen patients (22.9%) had stage A, 28 (40.0%) stage B, and 26 (37.1%) stage C disease according to the Binet system, and four patients (5.7%) had low-risk, 39 (55.7%) intermediate-risk, and 27 (38.6%) high-risk disease according to the modified Rai staging system. The difference between the median survivals of patients in different stages was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The BMBP and staging systems that are thought to be significant predictors of prognosis were used to build a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. BMBP was not found to add additional information to the prognostic value of the staging systems. Our results underline two points: first, the significance of BMBP must be investigated in multivariate analysis including the stage, and second, BMBP is not a dynamic prognostic parameter, it is an index of tumor burden and does not add any prognostic information beyond that provided by clinical stage. Am. J. Hematol. 62:208–211, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Iron deficiency occurs frequently in patients with pernicious anemia
Authors: R. Carmel
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We assessed iron status in patients with pernicious anemia. Iron deficiency coexisted as a presenting finding in 25 (20.7%) of 121 patients for whom data could be evaluated. Another 27 patients (22.3%) developed iron deficiency one month to 14 years later (median, two years). It was impossible to predict such a development in these 27 patients from any of their initial findings. The cause of the iron deficiency was identified in 17 of the 52 iron-deficient patients and suspected in another four. These findings show that patients with pernicious anemia are at high risk for iron deficiency, both at initial presentation and subsequently. Although the cause of the iron deficiency is often not identifiable, clinically important entities are detected often enough to warrant routine investigation for iron deficiency in such patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:1081-1083)
SOME POINTS OF INTEREST TO THE MEDICAL PROFESSION IN THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR 1894-95.
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Allied Health Education
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship of Obesity with C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Women
Authors: Kathryn M. Rexrode, Julie E. Buring, Nadir Rifai, JoAnn E. Manson, Paul M. Ridker
Journal: Circulation (2001)

0023 Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL6) have been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes produce IL6, the chief determinant of hepatic CRP production. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity and CRP and IL6 levels. Methods: We analyzed the relationship between obesity, elevated high sensitivity CRP (HS-CRP) levels (75th percentile: &gt;0.54 mg/dl) and elevated IL6 levels (75th percentile: &gt;2.04 pg/ml) among a sample of 328 women in the Women’s Health Study. The women in our analyses were age 45-84 years, free from pre-existing CVD or cancer at baseline and had complete covariate information. Results: Overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25-&lt;30 kg/m 2 ) and obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) women were significantly more likely to have elevated HS-CRP and IL6 levels than women with a normal BMI (&lt;25 kg/m 2 ). After adjustment for age, smoking, parental history of myocardial infarction, current use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), menopausal status, physical activity, history of diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol, the odds ratios (OR) for elevated HS-CRP were 2.97 (95%CI, 1.61-5.50) for overweight women and 6.18 (95%CI, 2.82-13.56) for obese women. In multivariate models, the OR’s for elevated IL6 were 1.72 (95%CI, 0.90-3.27) for overweight women and 4.78 (95%CI, 2.18-10.47) for obese women. Since IL6 levels are highly correlated with CRP levels, adjusting for IL6 attenuated the relationship between obesity and elevated HS-CRP, such that the multivariate IL6-adjusted OR’s for elevated HS-CRP were 2.46 (95%CI, 1.28-4.75) and 4.43 (95% CI, 1.89-10.35) for overweight and obese women, respectively. Because HRT use is associated with higher CRP levels and generally lower BMI, we also examined the effects among the subgroup of postmenopausal women not currently using HRT. Results remained highly significant in this subgroup of women. Conclusion: Overweight and obese women are at substantially increased risk of having elevated CRP and IL6 levels. CRP remained independently associated with obesity, even after controlling for IL6.
Dengue Type 3 Infection—Nicaragua and Panama, October-November 1994
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The geographic range and incidence of dengue virus activity in the Americas substantially increased from 1980 to 1994. During this period, all dengue activity in the Americas was associated with dengue serotypes 1, 2, and 4 (DEN-1, DEN-2, and DEN-4). On November 25, 1994, the Ministry of Health of Nicaragua announced the isolation of dengue type 3 (DEN-3) from two children hospitalized with minor hemorrhagic manifestations in Managua. Subsequently, DEN-3 virus was isolated from two persons with dengue fever in Panama. These cases represent the first isolation of DEN-3 from autochthonous cases in the Americas since 1977. This report describes these cases and dengue activity in Nicaragua and Panama and summarizes public health activities to control dengue fever in the Americas.
A meta-analysis of alcohol consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer
Authors: M. P. Longnecker
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Epidemiologic findings regarding the relation between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer have been inconsistent. We performed a meta-analysis (a quantitative review) of the available data. To evaluate whether there was a dose-response relation between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer, we fitted mathematical models to the pooled data. There was strong evidence to support a dose-response relation in both the case-control and follow-up epidemiologic data. Using the dose-response curves that we calculated, the risk of breast cancer at an alcohol intake of 24 g (1 oz) of absolute alcohol daily (about two drinks daily) relative to nondrinkers was 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 1.8) in the case-control data and was 1.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 2.2) in the follow-up data. We interpret these findings not as proof of causality, but as strongly supportive of an association between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:652-656)
Clinical experience with penicillin skin testing in a large inner-city STD clinic
Authors: J. Gadde
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To establish (1) the prevalence of positive penicillin skin tests among outpatients with well-defined but variable history of penicillin allergy and (2) the reproducibility, safety, and negative predictive value of skin testing with benzylpenicilloyl polylysine (PPL) and a minor-determinant mixture (MDM). <h3>Design.</h3> —Serial consenting outpatients with current indications for penicillin therapy were skin-tested in duplicate with PPL and MDM. Subjects with negative skin tests (93% of those positive by history and 95% of those negative by history) received therapeutic courses of benzylpenicillin (81%) or ampicillin (19%). Negative predictive value of skin testing was established by 72-hour follow-up for adverse reactions to drug. <h3>Setting/Patients.</h3> —A total of 5063 consecutive, qualifying outpatients in a Baltimore, Md, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. The study group was young (73% between 20 and 40 years old), 66% male, and 90% black; 25% had history of atopy. Follow-up was 94% complete. <h3>Results.</h3> —Positive skin tests were observed in 7.1% of 776 individuals with previous history of penicillin allergy and in 1.7% of 4287 subjects negative by history (<i>P</i>&lt;&lt;.001). Previous history of anaphylaxis or urticaria was associated with significantly higher rates of positive skin tests of 17.3% and 12.4%, respectively (<i>P</i>&lt;&lt;.001). Only 4% with history of exanthem had positive skin tests (<i>P</i>=.03). The coefficient of variation for duplicate skin tests was 11%. Time intervals since last penicillin treatment did not influence the rate of positive skin tests. Adverse reactions to skin tests occurred in 13 (1.2% of patients positive by history; 9.4% of those with positive skin tests). A mild anaphylactic reaction occurred in one individual whose preliminary scratch testing was inadvertently omitted; systemic pruritus or urticaria occurred in 11 subjects; one had a large local reaction. After penicillin administration to individuals with negative skin tests, acute allergic reactions occurred in 0.5% of subjects negative by history compared with 2.9% of subjects positive by history (χ<sup>2</sup>=33.3;<i>P</i>=.0001). Reactions were generally mild and self-limited; only two cases of mild anaphylactic reaction occurred, both in patients with history of severe IgE-mediated reaction. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Skin testing with both major and minor penicillin determinants is safe using current recommendations, and both reagents are necessary for maximizing the identification of sensitized subjects. Routine penicillin skin testing can facilitate the safe use of penicillin in 90% of individuals with a previous history of penicillin allergy. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2456-2463)
Abstract 2997: 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase induced differentiation in colon cancer cells is regulated via Gli1
Authors: Shakti R. Satapathy, Lubna M. Mehdawi, Roger Olsson, Anita Sjolander
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a crucial regulator of colon cancer (CC), an inflammation associated cancer. Tumor suppressor 15-hydroxyprostglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) is a PGE2 degrading enzyme but is often downregulated in CC. Interestingly, CC-patients with high levels of Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLT2R) exhibit good prognoses. Previously, we have reported differentiation promoting role of 15-PGDH in CC cells when induced by LTC4, the CysLT2R ligand. However the mechanism is unclear. Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is involved in embryogenesis and development but hyper activated in colon carcinogenesis. LTC4-induced activation of 15-PGDH downregulated both mRNA and protein expression of GLI1 in HT-29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Moreover, absence of Gli1 significantly reduced the differentiation promoting ability of 15-PGDH, with no change in the differentiation markers Sucrase isomaltase, Mucin-2 and Protocadherin-24. In addition, no noticeable change in the mRNA expression of WNT-specific target AXIN-2 coupled with restoration of the proliferation marker cMYC was observed. In HT-29-derived colonospheres depletion of mRNA expression of CC-CSC markers ALDH1A1 and DCLK1 remained regulated by Gli1. Elevation in Mucin-2 expression in zebrafish xenograft with HT-29 was also noted to be Gli1 dependent. GLI1 and MUCIN-2 mRNA expression in normal mucosa and matched tumor in colon cancer patient also exhibited higher co-relation along with concomitant elevation in DCLK1 expression in tumor in compared to normal mucosa. Tumor microarray (TMA) with low expression of CysLT2R and 15-PGDH exhibited higher Gli1 expression with no trace of Mucin-2. Therefore, restoring the expression of 15-PGDH in CC through activation of CysLT2R signalling and targeting Hh-Gli signalling would open new therapeutic possibilities with minimal collateral damage to the normal tissue. Citation Format: Shakti R. Satapathy, Lubna M. Mehdawi, Roger Olsson, Anita Sjolander. 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase induced differentiation in colon cancer cells is regulated via Gli1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2997.
Abstract 650: Animal Study Results Support that Biometal Artificial Muscle Restores Atrial Kick and Could Replace Oral Anticoagulation in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Piergiorgio Tozzi, Daniel Hayoz, Francois Salchli, Ludwig K von Segesser
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) consists of ventricular rhythm control and the use of anticoagulant agents to decrease the high risk of stroke. However, patients under lifetime anticoagulation therapy are exposed to hemorrhagic stroke (1–3% patients/year). The best treatment to prevent stroke may induce stroke itself. Because decreased flow within the fibrillating atrium is associated with spontaneous echo contrast, thrombus formation and embolic events, any device able to restore the atrial kick (AK) should significantly reduce the risk of stroke and eventually improve cardiac output (CO). A motorless, volume displacement pump based on artificial muscle technology could reproduce the AK when placed onto a fibrillating atrium. This study has been designed to assess mechanical effects of this pump on the right cavities in an animal model of AF. Atripump (Nanopowers SA, Switzerland) is a dome shape silicone coated biometal actuator 5 × 45mm. The biometal is electrically actuated by a pacemaker like control unit. In 10 sheep the right atrium (RA) was surgically exposed and the dome sutured onto it. AF was induced with rapid epicardial pacing (600 beats/min). RA ejection fraction (EF) and spontaneous echo contrast was assessed with intracardiac ultrasound in baseline, AF and assisted AF status. A flow meter placed on pulmonary artery measured CO. Results The dome’s contraction rate was 60/min. Mean temperature on the RA was 39±1.5 °C. RA EF was 30% in baseline, 5% in AF and 22% in assisted AF conditions. During the AF state, spontaneous echo contrast was present in all animals and in 2 a thrombus appeared in the right appendix. Neither spontaneous echo contrast nor thrombi were present in baseline and AF assisted status. Thrombi were washed out when the pump was turned on. CO was 5.3±0.3 l/min in baseline, 4.4±0.6 l/min in AF and 5.1±0.3 l/min in assisted AF status (p&lt;0.01). Placed on the right side, the artificial muscle restores the AK, improves CO and shows a mechanical anti coagulant effect. In patients with permanent AF, if implanted on both sides, it would improve CO and prevent embolism of cardiac origin. The implantation technique could be comparable to that of a pacemaker.
The American Medical Association's program on human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: W. R. Hendee
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE ILLNESSES referred to collectively as<i>acquired immunodeficiency syndrome</i>(AIDS) (now often terme<i>d human immunodeficiency virus</i>[HIV] disease) were identified in 1981. Over the succeeding six years, HIV infection and AIDS have become an epidemic in this country, principally within the male homosexual and bisexual communities and among intravenous drug abusers. By January 1986, almost 30 000 cases of AIDS had been reported in the United States and at least 1 to 2 million persons were thought to be infected with HIV. The Institute of Medicine predicts that 270 000 cases of AIDS will be diagnosed by 1991, with 74 000 cases identified in that year alone. Deaths caused by AIDS are expected to reach 179 000, with 54 000 occurring in 1991. During the next four years, pediatric cases of AIDS will increase tenfold to a total of 3000 cases, and cases that result from heterosexual transmission of
The Esophageal Obturator Airway
Authors: T. A. Don Michael
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The Esophageal Obturator Airway, a device designed for use in the management of cardiopulmonary arrest, obstructs the esophagus while simultaneously ventilating the lungs. The EOA was clinically tested in 29,000 patients with a low incidence of false entries and complications. Physiological studies indicated that vital capacity, blood gases, and pH were comparable to those obtained with the use of the endotracheal tube. Furthermore, the insertion of the EOA was more rapid (mean 6 sec vs 20 sec), more accurate (98 percent vs 48 percent), and easier to teach to paramedical personnel. It was concluded that whenever optimal conditions for endotracheal intubation are unavailable, the EOA should be first choice in the management of the airway in aneflexic, apneic patients. Specific contraindications are listed.