tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fate of Arsenicals in Different Environmental Substrates
Authors: E. A. Woolson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The current knowledge of arsenic (As) transformations in the environment, as well as some gaps in this knowledge, are reviewed. These transformations involve As chemical and biochemical transformations in air, waters, sediments, and soils. Arsenic moves in a dispersive manner through air and water and is in physical and chemical equilibrium in many substrates. It is oxidized, reduced, methylated, volatilized, incorporated into biotic tissues, excreted, adsorbed, and desorbed. Oceanic sediments become the eventual sink for As. The rates of As movement and transformation vary with environmental conditions. Besides inorganic As, various methylated arsenicals are found naturally at environmentally sensitive equilibrium concentrations, which are probably maintained biotically. An As-transformation model has been constructed from rate constants derived from field observations. The environmental factors affecting these rate constants are discussed.
Drug-resistant pneumococcal infections in the United States. A problem for clinicians, laboratories, and public health
Authors: M. S. Simberkoff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Drug-resistant<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>(DRSP) strains were once considered to be laboratory curiosities<sup>1,2</sup>or problems for far-off areas of the world.<sup>3-5</sup>In the United States, however, pneumococci that were relatively resistant to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, 0.12 to 1.0 μg/mL) were found among the isolates from Navajo Indians living in New Mexico in 1974,<sup>6</sup>and a serotype 14<i>S pneumoniae</i>isolate with high-level resistance to penicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, ≥2.0 μg/mL) was recovered from the blood of an immunocompromised child from Minnesota in 1977.<sup>7</sup>Since these initial reports, foci of DRSP have been identified in various parts of this country.<sup>8-12</sup>The reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from Kentucky and Tennessee,<sup>13</sup>from Connecticut,<sup>14</sup>and by Breiman et al<sup>15</sup>in this issue ofThe JOURNALare alarming because they prove that DRSP isolates can now be found in unselected, diverse sites
Incestuous sheets
Authors: Jeff Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

informed consent procedures and for the doctorpatient relationship.Secondly, it would be easy to randomise the payment of incentives in a multicentre RCT.Thirdly, there are considerable resource implications associated with research participation.Rigorous evidence from well conducted studies is needed to inform recruitment strategies before publicly funded research programmes can consider the use of financial incentives.Contributiors: JB developed the protocol, helped to develop the search strategy, assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data from and quality assessed included studies, synthesised evidence, and drafted the report.JP developed the protocol, developed the search strategy, assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data from and quality assessed included studies, and edited the draft report.JP is guarantor.
Public Health
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum: Sir3p phosphorylation by the Slt2p pathway effects redistribution of silencing function and shortened lifespan
Authors: A Ray, R E Hector, N Roy, J-H Song, K L Berkner, K W Runge
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)

Nat. Genet. 33, 522–526 (2003). One of the panels in Figure 1c was inadvertently duplicated in two columns. The corrected Figure 1c is shown below.
Hypoglycaemia
Authors: Malcolm M. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This book sets out to summarize contemporary knowledge concerning hypoglycemic syndromes in man. The causes of spontaneous hypoglycemia other than organic hyperinsulinism, are not widely known, yet none can be neglected if chronic ill health and, at times, disaster are to be avoided. The book starts with a clear and concise presentation of the many factors involved in the maintenance of the blood sugar, followed by a brief but instructive discussion on physiological responses to hypoglycemia and on symptomatology. Three classifications on the hypoglycemias are presented, based on glucose turn-over rates, clinical considerations, and etiology. Though undoubtedly complete, none of these classifications add to a better understanding of the underlying disorders. Perhaps a classification based on the disturbance in glucose balance—increased peripheral glucose utilization or loss vs decreased hepatic glucose output from whatever cause—might have permitted a more meaningful discussion of the dynamic etiological production of the various hypoglycemias. The
Behaviorally Based Modeling and Computational Approaches to Neuroscience
Authors: R. George N.
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1993)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Birth defects in the Seveso area after TCDD contamination
Authors: P Mastroiacovo, A Spagnolo, E Marni, L Meazza, R Bertollini, G Segni, C Borgna-Pignatti
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A study on the frequency of birth defects was conducted in the area around Seveso, Italy, which was contaminated by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in July 1976; this has been the largest population ever exposed to dioxin. From Jan 1, 1977, to Dec 31, 1982, a total of 15,291 births (still and live) were examined, and malformations were reported to an ad hoc birth defects registry. In the most highly contaminated area, 26 births were observed. None of these infants had any major structural defect. Two infants had mild defects. The frequencies of major defects detected in the areas of low or very low contamination were 29.9/1000 and 22.1/1000, respectively. A frequency of 27.7/1000 was registered in the control area. Relative risks were calculated for specific categories of birth defects and for grouped malformations. Although the data collected failed to demonstrate any increased risk of birth defects associated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the number of exposed pregnancies was not big enough to show a low and specific teratogenic risk increase.
Role of Alveolar Macrophages in Precipitation of Mineral Elements Inhaled As Soluble Aerosols
Authors: Pierre Galle, Jean Pierre Berry, Christian Galle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The lysosomes of several varieties of cells such as the tubular proximal cell of the kidney and the alveolar macrophage have the ability to concentrate and precipitate several elements inhaled in water-soluble form, usually as phosphate. The mechanism involved is attributed to the high acid phosphatase activity of lysosomes and can be considered as an in vivo Gomori reaction. Among the elements studied, most of them are chemotoxic or radiotoxic (Cr; group IIIA: Al, Ga, In; rare earths: La, Ce, Tm; actinides: Th, U). In the lung macrophage, this mechanism of intralysosomal concentration and precipitation may prevent the diffusion of these toxic elements through the alveolar membrane.
Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Aged 18-30 Years—United States, 2000-2010
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Screening women for cervical cancer can save lives. However, among young women, cervical cancer is relatively rare, and too-frequent screening can lead to high costs and adverse events associated with overtreatment. Before 2012, cervical cancer screening guidelines of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), American Cancer Society (ACS), and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) differed on age to start and how often to get screened for cervical cancer. In 2012, however, all three organizations recommended that 1) screening by Papanicolau (Pap) test should not be used for women aged <21 years, regardless of initiation of sexual activity, and 2) a screening interval of 3 years should be maintained for women aged 21-30 years. ACS and ACOG explicitly recommend against yearly screening. To assess trends in Pap testing before the new guidelines were introduced, CDC analyzed 2000-2010 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) for women aged 18-30 years. CDC found that, among women aged 18-21 years, the percentage reporting never having been screened increased from 26.3% in 2000 to 47.5% in 2010, and the proportion reporting having had a Pap test in the past 12 months decreased from 65.0% to 41.5%. Among those aged 22-30 years, the proportion reporting having had a Pap test within the preceding 12 months decreased from 78.1% to 67.0%. These findings showed that Pap testing practices for young women have been moving toward the latest guidelines. However, the data also showed a concerning trend: among women aged 22-30 years, who should be screened every 3 years, the proportion who reported never having had a Pap test increased from 6.6% to 9.0%. More effort is needed to promote acceptance of the latest evidence-based recommendations so that all women receive the maximal benefits of cervical cancer screening.
Gastrojejunal and gastroesophageal fistulae following placement of an Angelchik prosthesis
Authors: S. R. Ell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Angelchik prosthesis for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia was first described by Angelchik and Cohen<sup>1</sup>in 1979. Since that time, it is estimated that more than 9,000 have been employed, with estimates of complications—primarily migration of the device and obstruction—ranging up to 10%.<sup>2</sup>These devices have eroded into the stomach and migrated to other sites.<sup>2-5</sup>A patient treated with an Angelchik prosthesis following failure of two previous antireflux procedures, in whom a gastrojejunal fistula and gastroesophageal fistulae from the device developed, is described herein. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 51-year-old woman with a long history of reflux esophagitis had undergone an Allison procedure without splenectomy and a Nissen fundoplication with splenectomy. In November 1982, the patient underwent endoscopy for recurrent symptoms, revealing reflux esophagitis and a fundoplication defect but no other gastric abnormality. Shortly after, an Angelchik prosthesis was placed. In
Table of Contents
Authors: Stergios Polyzos, Hannah Mathew, Christos Mantzoros, Júlia Matzenbacher, Marcos Santos, Shikha Moreli, Sandra Tewari, Kirti Kaul, Maria Apostolopoulou, Michael Roden, Konstantinos Seretis, Dimitrios Goulis, Georgios Koliakos, Efterpi Demiri, Marta Garaulet, Purificación Gómez-Abellán, Patricia Rubio-Sastre, Juan Madrid, Richa Saxena, Frank Scheer, Cintia Dias, Lisa Wood, Melinda Phang, Manohar Garg, Yi-Ning Dai, Jin-Zhou Zhu, Zhi-Yun Fang, De-Jian Zhao, Xing-Yong Wan, Hua-Tuo Zhu, Chao-Hui Yu, Ming Li, Rene Baudrand, Mark Goodarzi, Anand Vaidya, Patricia Underwood, Jonathan Williams, Xavier Jeunemaitre, Paul Hopkins, Nancy Brown, Benjamin Raby, Jessica Lasky-Su, Gail Adler, Jinrui Cui, Xiuqing Guo, Kent Taylor, Yii-Der Chen, Anny Xiang, Leslie Raffel, Thomas Buchanan, Jerome Rotter, Gordon Williams, Luminita Pojoga, Yeyou Liang, Weiwei Yuan, Wensi Zhu, Jiening Zhu, Qiuxiong Lin, Xiao Zou, Chunyu Deng, Yongheng Fu, Xilong Zheng, Min Yang, Shulin Wu, Xiyong Yu, Zhixin Shan, Brian Pedersen, Weiwen Wang, Jared Taylor, Omar Khattab, Yu-Han Chen, Robert Edwards, Puya Yazdi, Ping Wang, Jagadeeswaran Indumathy, Krushna Gopal, Pravati Pal, Hariharan Pal, Chandra Ananthanarayanan, Jayaraman Parija, Tarun Balachander
Journal: Metabolism (2015)
Refinining the post transplant outcomes prediction of Metroticket 2.0 through mRECIST criteria
Authors: Carlo Sposito, Matteo Serenari, Stefano Di Sandro, Rita Golfieri, Carlo Spreafico, Angelo Vanzulli, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Luciano De Carlis, Matteo Cescon, Antonio Pinna, Alessandro Cucchetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Zinc again.
Authors: S C Glover, M I White
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Fluid ability is the capacity to solve novel problems in the absence of task-specific knowledge, and is highly predictive of outcomes like educational attainment and psychopathology. Here, we modelled the neurocognitive architecture of fluid ability in two cohorts: CALM (<i>N</i>=551, aged 5-17) and NKI-RS (<i>N</i>=335, aged 6-17). We used multivariate Structural Equation Modelling to test a preregistered ‘watershed model’ of fluid ability. We found that the watershed model fit the data well for both samples: White matter contributed to working memory and processing speed, which, in turn, contributed to fluid ability (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>(CALM)=51.2%, <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>(NKI-RS)=78.3%). The relationship between cognitive abilities and white matter differed with age and showed a dip in strength around ages 7-12 years. Speculatively, this age-effect may reflect a reorganization of the neurocognitive architecture around pre- and early puberty. Overall, these findings highlight that fluid ability is part of a complex hierarchical system of partially independent effects.
Deterrents to drug abuse. The role of law
Authors: S. Krantz
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Never in our history has it been quite as important to reassess the role of law in controlling the misuse of drugs as it is today. There is a present cynicism about the validity of many of the restrictions and penalties imposed by federal and state drug laws, particularly among youth, that parallels the attitude toward the Volstead Act during the prohibition era. Much of this cynicism may be warranted. Many of the drug abuse laws which have been enacted both by the US Congress and by state legislatures have not been the result of careful analysis, but rather have been the result of an emotional response to what is, admittedly, a serious problem. Possibly even more disturbing is the fact that it is often difficult to convince legislative bodies to update laws or rectify old mistakes, even though substantial evidence exists that such change is desperately needed. The role
Multiple filling defects in the colon
Authors: J. E. Madewell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>Common</h3> [Diverticula] Familial polyposis Polyps, adenomatous Pseudopolyps of ulcerative colitis, granulomatous colitis, amebiasis Stool; foreign bodies; air bubbles; food particles; mucus <h3>Uncommon</h3> Amebomas Amyloidosis Carcinomas, multiple Colitis cystica profunda Cronkhite-Canada syndrome Gardner syndrome Lipomatous polyposis Lymphoid hyperplasia Lymphoma Metastases Mucoviscidosis Neurofibromatosis; ganglioneurofibromatosis Parasites, intraluminal (ascariasis, trichuriasis) Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (hamartomatous polyps) Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Polyposis, juvenile Schistosomiasis Turcot syndrome (Entity in brackets may be confused roentgenographically with multiple filling defects in the colon.) <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Familial polyposis of the colon. <h3>Comment</h3> A 22-year-old man was first seen with anemia and failure to gain weight. No gastrointestinal or pulmonary symptoms were present. There was a strong family history of carcinoma of the colon. Physical examination was unremarkable. An upper gastrointestinal series, bone survey, and chest roentgenograms were normal. A barium enema (Fig 1) demonstrated
Altered bile in diabetic diarrhoea.
Authors: A M Molloy, G H Tomkin
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The size and composition of the bile-salt pools in a group of diabetics with neuropathy but no diarrhoea and a group with "diabetic diarrhoea" were compared with those in a group of stable, uncomplicated diabetics. The diabetics with neuropathy had significantly more dihydroxy bile salts, a larger bile-salt pool, and a higher faecal excretion of bile than the controls. The diabetics with diarrhoea had significantly more dihydroxy bile salts, a higher glycine to taurine ratio, a smaller bile-salt pool, and increased excretions of 14C-tracer and total bile salts. We conclude that considerable alterations occur in the bile of diabetics with neuropathy or diarrhoea, and we suggest that in some cases at least these abnormalities may indicate a mechanism for diabetic diarrhoea.
Wailstent implantation as first choice for venous graft angioplasty: the Wellstent-CABG-study
Authors: M.J. Pieper, G. Heyndrickx, B. Meier, F. Kiemeneij, P. Ruygrok, F. Amann, H. Suryapranata, P.W. Serruys, Y. Teunissen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
THE ANTIVIVISECTION INITIATIVE IN COLORADO
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Opiate Antagonists and Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Authors: Alan I. Faden
Journal: JAMA (1984)

PARALYSIS resulting from CNS injury has been recognized for more than 2,000 years. Although much has been learned about the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury, head injury, and stroke, therapeutic management of such patients, particularly with regard to pharmacologic interventions, has progressed relatively little. This lack of progress has generated a sense of futility among physicians who treat these conditions. Yet a number of novel therapeutic measures have been suggested over the past few years, based on the successful alteration of neurological outcome following experimental CNS injury. Of particular interest have been the observations that opiate antagonists may improve neurological recovery in experimental stroke, head injury, and spinal cord injury and that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) may significantly enhance motor recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury. <h3>CNS Injury—Pathophysiological Considerations</h3> During the past decade it has become increasingly clear that traumatic or ischemic insults to the CNS may cause neurological deficits through
Reviews elsewhere
Authors: Kris Kowdley, Anthony Tavill
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Elsewhere 50 1 taneous liver biopsy performed 30 days after liver transplantation revealed increased iron by Perls' stain, and the quantitative hepatic iron was 161 KmoVgm (normal ~4 0 ) .The serum ferritin level was 2,940 pg/L at that time, and fell to 243 kg/L by day 570 without specific treatment to mobilize hepatic iron.Hepatic iron content was determined at multiple time points and was noted to fall progressively to 26.5 p,mol/gm by day 210 after transplantation.Adams et al. present this case as evidence that the primary disorder of iron regulation in HHC is in the gut because placement of the iron-loaded liver from a patient with HHC into a non-HHC recipient resulted in spontaneous mobilization of excess hepatic iron.As the authors acknowledge, potential confounding factors in this patient included the possible effect of ongoing rejection on hepatic iron stores.Another interesting report by Dietze et al. ( 10) documents the pattern of liver iron staining and serum markers of iron overload in two patients.The first case involves the transplantation of a non-HHC liver into a HHC patient, and the second involves transplantation of a liver from a HHC patient into a non-HHC patient.As expected, transferrin iron saturation progressively increased in the first case and decreased in the second case.Quantitative hepatic iron contents were not provided.These two clinical case studies provide good clinical evidence that the primary abnormality in HHC rests in the gut and not the liver.The specific genetic defect responsible for increased net transfer of iron across the duodenal mucosa remains to be characterized.Although the gene location has been determined with certainty from HULA3 linkage data, the gene has not yet been cloned and its product(s) remains unidentified.However, molecular biological techniques, in particular the use of probes to HLA class 1 genes (ll), show promise in overcoming this impasse.In the meantime, as reported here, both experiments of nature and accidents of orthotopic transplantation offer clues to the principal site of the abnormal genetic regulation.
Septic Abortion
Authors: Ann B. Barnes, Howard Ulfelder
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A review to appraise the potential and actual hazards of 677 abortion cases treated from 1957 to 1962 showed 95 (14%) to be septic. Of these, 72 had an uncomplicated recovery after curettage and a hospital stay of 51/2 days or less. Comparison with the 23 patients who were more ill exposes a variety of data in the history, admission examination, and initial studies which may help predict the likelihood of more serious illness. Shaking chills most consistently did this. Every effort must be made to distinguish the specific effects. such as chemical toxemia, clostridial infections, pyogenic cellulitis-peritonitis-abscess complexes, and septic shock, in selecting appropriate management. Surgical procedures may include dilatation and curettage and hysterectomy, while aggressive medical supportive therapy, including dialysis and hyperbaric oxygen, may be used in treating the severely ill patient.