tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From the Centers for Disease Control. Preliminary analysis: HIV serosurvey of orthopedic surgeons, 1991
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Failure of Specific Immunotherapy in Fulminant Type B Hepatitis
Authors: ACUTE HEPATIC FAILURE STUDY GROUP
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Investigators at 30 centers evaluated an intravenous hepatitis B immune globulin preparation in the therapy of fulminant type B hepatitis. Patients with serum positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were treated at stage II to stage IV of hepatic encephalopathy. A central computer program randomized cases for treatment with hyperimmune globulin or albumin placebo. During the first 6 months, the dose of hepatitis B immune globulin was 1.32 g of immunoglobulin G protein; during the last 7 months, it was 5.28 g. Neither dose eliminated antigenemia. In the placebo group, death occurred in four of eight cases randomized at stage II, five of eight at stage III, and 10 of 12 at stage IV. In the group treated with hyperimmune globulin, death occurred in three of five patients randomized at stage II, seven of 12 at stage III, and six of eight at stage IV. The study, therefore, showed no benefit of treatment with exogenous antibody.
GYNECOLOGY FOR THE INSANE.Miscellany.
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tackling obesity seriously: the time has come
Authors: None The Lancet Public Health
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2018)

According to WHO data, worldwide, more than 1·9 billion adults are overweight—of these over 650 million are obese. 41 million children under the age of 5 years and 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 years are overweight or obese. Obesity is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and several cancers. Crucially, obesity is preventable. So how is it that obesity has nearly tripled worldwide since 1975?
Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Ann C Hurley, Ladislav Volicer
Journal: JAMA (2002)

About 4 million people in the United States have Alzheimer disease (AD) and the number of incident cases is expected to more than double from 377 000 in 1995 to 959 000 in 2050. Patients, their families, and health care professionals struggle with a relentless and irreversible neurological syndrome that can last from 2 to 20 years. Alzheimer disease causes both cognitive and functional impairments that predispose the patient to behavioral symptoms, destroy intellectual capacity and personality, erase the ability to communicate one's wishes for care, and lead to life-threatening consequences. At the close of life, family members and clinicians face decisions regarding degrees of intensive medical care to be provided for treatment of the late-stage consequences of AD, including withdrawal of invasive interventions, initiation of hospice, and treatment of a range of progressive medical conditions. Physicians can assist patients with AD and their loved ones through the terminal phases of the illness by preparing them for the relentless progression of the disease and by supporting them through the intellectual and emotional conflicts accompanying the end of life.
ICTERUS NEONATORUM
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biochemical and Structural Evidence for Pig Myocardium Adherens Junction Disruption by Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Cesario Bianchi, Eugenio G. Araujo, Kaori Sato, Frank W. Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Given that cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with edema and heart dysfunction and that adherens junctions may regulate vascular permeability barrier integrity and cardiomyocyte function, we investigated adherens junction protein steady-state levels in a pig model of CPB. Methods and Results Pigs were subjected to normothermic CPB for 90 minutes, followed by post-CPB perfusion for 90 minutes. Atrial and ventricular myocardium tissue samples were harvested before institution of bypass (basal levels) and at the end of post-CPB perfusion. Adherens junctions were analyzed by either total lysate or cadherin immunoprecipitates that were immunoblotted for pan-cadherin, VE-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin. Adherens junction solubility was addressed with Triton X-100 extraction. Frozen tissue sections were labeled with the same antibodies, and adherens junctions were visualized by confocal microscopy. Immunoblotting of total lysates revealed an increase in smaller-molecular-weight fragments of VE-cadherin, β-catenin, and γ -catenin after post-CPB perfusion, indicating partial protein degradation. Smaller-molecular-weight fragments recognized by VE-cadherin and β-catenin antibodies were also obtained from VE-cadherin immunoprecipitation, indicating degradation of endothelial cell adherens junctions. A prominent increase in adherens junction complex solubility was observed in post-CPB perfusion samples. Confocal microscopy of hearts obtained before CPB showed a continuous, homogeneous pattern of cell-cell labeling that contrasted with an irregular, discontinuous, punctuate, or zigzag pattern observed in post-CPB perfusion samples, corroborating biochemical data. Conclusions These results indicate that CPB is associated with signs of degradation of endothelial and cardiomyocytes adherens junctions, pointing to a molecular mechanism leading to increased vascular permeability and cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
Use of systemic corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis: International Eczema Council consensus statement
Authors: A.M. Drucker, K. Eyerich, M.S. de Bruin-Weller, J.P. Thyssen, P.I. Spuls, A.D. Irvine, G. Girolomoni, S. Dhar, C. Flohr, D.F. Murrell, A.S. Paller, E. Guttman-Yassky
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Atopic dermatitis, commonly called eczema, is an itchy skin disease that affects 7% of children and 10% of adults in the US. When it is severe, it is often difficult to treat. Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, are a class of medications that in their oral form (e.g., pills) are generally recommended against in guidelines for physicians. This is in contrast to topical steroids (e.g., creams and ointments) which are the recommended first line treatment for atopic dermatitis. Even though they are not recommended in most cases, many patients with severe atopic dermatitis are prescribed systemic corticosteroids. Many of these prescriptions may be inappropriate because of the side effects of these medications and because once the medications are stopped, the skin disease often flares badly. The goal of our study was to reach agreement among experts in treating atopic dermatitis on when and how systemic corticosteroids can be used for atopic dermatitis. Sixty International Eczema Council members from 20 countries participated in our survey and agreed on 12 statements. Agreement was reached that systemic corticosteroids should generally be avoided but can be used rarely for severe atopic dermatitis under certain circumstances, including a lack of other treatment options, as a bridge to other systemic therapies or phototherapy, during flares in need of immediate relief, in anticipation of a major life event such as a wedding or in the most severe cases. Respondents agreed that if used, treatment should be limited to short‐term. We hope our paper will be of use to dermatologists, allergists, pediatricians, primary care doctors and any other healthcare providers who treat patients with atopic dermatitis. Hopefully it will lead to decreased inappropriate use of systemic steroids and better outcomes for patients with atopic dermatitis.
THE PNEUMOCOCCUS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biologic Correlates of <sup>18</sup>Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Human Breast Cancer Measured by Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Reinhard Bos, Jacobus J.M. van der Hoeven, Elsken van der Wall, Petra van der Groep, Paul J. van Diest, Emile F.I. Comans, Urvi Joshi, Gregg L. Semenza, Otto S. Hoekstra, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Carla F.M. Molthoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Variable uptake of the glucose analog 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has been noticed in positron emission tomography (PET) studies of breast cancer patients, with low uptake occurring especially in lobular cancer. At present, no satisfactory biologic explanation exists for this phenomenon. This study compared 18 FDG uptake in vivo with biomarkers expected to be involved in the underlying biologic mechanisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Preoperative 18 FDG-PET scans were performed in 55 patients. 18 FDG activity was assessed visually by three observers using a four-point score. Tumor sections were stained by immunohistochemistry for glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1); Hexokinase (HK) I, II, and III; macrophages; hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alfa (HIF-1α); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF 165 ); and microvessels. Mitotic activity index (MAI), amount of necrosis, number of lymphocytes, and tumor cells/volume were assessed. RESULTS: There were positive correlations between 18 FDG uptake and Glut-1 expression (P &lt; .001), MAI (P = .001), amount of necrosis (P = .010), number of tumor cells/volume (P = .009), expression of HK I (P = .019), number of lymphocytes (P = .032), and microvessel density (r = .373; P = .005). HIF-1α, VEGF 165 , HK II, HK III, and macrophages showed no univariate correlation with 18 FDG. In logistic regression, however, HIF-1α and HK II added value to MAI and Glut-1. CONCLUSION: 18 FDG uptake in breast cancer is a function of microvasculature for delivering nutrients, Glut-1 for transportation of 18 FDG into the cell, HK for entering 18 FDG into glycolysis, number of tumor cells/volume, proliferation rate (also reflected in necrosis), number of lymphocytes (not macrophages), and HIF-1α for upregulating Glut-1. Together, these features explain why breast cancers vary in 18 FDG uptake and elucidate the low uptake in lobular breast cancer.
Analysis of the anti-HBS response of elderly subjects to HBV vaccine . Center for Evaluation and Research of Vaccines, University of Gent, Gent and 1SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster encodes three tumor suppressors: p15INK4b, p14ARF, and p16INK4a. Antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) is transcribed in the opposite direction from this gene cluster. Recent studies suggest that ANRIL represses the expression of p15INK4b, p14ARF, and p16INK4a; however, the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, the expressions of ANRIL in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and matched adjacent non-tumor tissues were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, the expression levels of ANRIL in ESCC tissues were significantly increased. Furthermore, inhibition of ANRIL was found to increase the expression of p15INK4b and transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and depletion of ANRIL in ESCC cell lines may inhibit cellular proliferation. Thus, our findings suggest a significant role of ANRIL in the occurrence and development of ESCC through TGFβ1 signaling pathways.
FTA-ABS and VDRL slide test reactivity in a population of nuns
Authors: J. N. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Although the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) test is extremely sensitive and widely utilized as a confirmatory test for syphilis, additional data are needed concerning its specificity. The FTA-ABS tests performed on the serum samples of 250 female lifelong celibates with no history of acquired or congenital syphilis indicated less than a 1% incidence of unexplained, probably false-positive reactions. None of the serum samples were reactive to venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) slide testing.
A PRIMATE MODEL FOR XANTHOMATOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Platinum Drug-DNA Interactions in Human Tissues Measured by Cisplatin-DNA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Atomic Absorbance Spectroscopy
Authors: Miriam C. Poirier, Eddie Reed, Hanadi Shamkhani, Robert E. Tarone, Shalina Gupta-Burt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Studies of platinum drug-DNA adduct formation in tissues of cancer patients have involved both atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS), which measures total DNA-bound platinum, and anti-cisplatin-DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects a fraction of the AAS-measurable adduct. These studies were designed to explore mechanisms of drug-DNA interactions, to make correlations with clinical outcome, and possibly to validate DNA adduct measurements for use in occupational and environmental biomonitoring. The results, determined by both ELISA and AAS, demonstrate that cisplatin and its analog carboplatin bind to DNA in many human organs, including kidney, brain, peripheral nerve, and bone marrow, which are sites for drug toxicity. Platinum was also observed bound to ovarian tumor DNA. The adducts were highly persistent, being measurable in tissues obtained at autopsy up to 15 months after the last administration of platinum chemotherapy. A comparison of blood cell DNA adduct levels, determined by ELISA, and the clinical response of 139 patients with ovarian, testicular, colon, or breast cancer demonstrated a strong correlation between failure to form DNA adducts and failure of therapy. Conversely, patients who formed high levels of DNA adduct were most likely to respond favorably. A similar correlation was not observed for adducts determined by AAS; that is, the average total DNA-bound platinum levels were the same for patients who did not respond to therapy and for patients who had any kind of response. Thus, in this study, human blood cell DNA adducts measured by ELISA correlate with tumor remission, while those measured by AAS do not.
Error in Institutional Affiliation.
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Three-Dimensional Structure of Peptide-MHC Complexes
Authors: D. R. Madden
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1995)

The ability of MHC molecules to present a broad spectrum of peptide antigens for T cell recognition requires a compromise between high affinity and broad specificity. Three-dimensional atomic structures of several class I and class II MHC molecules reveal a unique structural solution to this problem: Tight binding to the peptide main chain is supplemented by more or less restrictive interactions with peptide side chains. In spite of these contacts, peptide side-chain and conformational variability ensures that the resulting peptide-MHC complex presents an antigenically unique surface to T cell receptors. Extension of this understanding to other peptide-MHC complexes, including agonist/antagonist peptides and the identification of antigenic peptides within protein sequences, however, requires a detailed analysis of the interactions that determine both peptide-MHC binding affinity and the conformations of bound peptides. While many of these interactions can be modeled by homology with known structures, their specificity can depend sensitively on subtle and long range structural effects. Structurally and immunologically important distinctions are also found between the class I and class II peptide-binding strategies. Taken together, these interactions ultimately determine the ability of an individual to respond successfully to immune challenges.
In Reply:
Authors: Jason A. Zell, Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou, Argyrios Ziogas, Hoda Anton-Culver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

gastroenterologists not working in a family cancer clinic may not have the required skills required to take family history, may not be able to validate reports of caner in relatives, may not know the requirements of meeting Amsterdam Criteria, and may not have the time.In conclusion, we envisage a new paradigm for colorectal cancer genetic services (see Fig 1) whereby identification of mutation carriers is not reliant on referral to family cancer clinics, but instead the family cancer clinics play an essential role in providing genetic counseling and genetic testing for individuals who have developed colorectal cancer and have, through testing of their tumor, a high chance of being a mutation carrier.The role of taking a family history before testing, an expensive, inaccurate, and time-consuming process, may become redundant.More resources will be available to put into providing clinical management for mutation-carrying families.