tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medico-Legal
Journal: BMJ (1955)

BRITISNpossible information from the United States would be received to enable the Ministry's experiments to be con- tinued.Mr. MACLEOD said that no Cutter vaccine had been received in this country.The Ministry was in close touch with the American authorities on all aspects of the problem.Mr. R. W. SORENSEN (Leyton, Lab.) asked whether the Minister had yet had information from America or elsewhere about the cause of the deleterious effect of what might be a very beneficial vaccine and whether, when he was assured that no further deleterious effect was likely to arise, progress would be made in distributing the vaccine.
Hepatitis B virus transmission between heterosexuals
Authors: M. J. Alter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To determine if heterosexual activity was a risk factor for acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, we studied attendees at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and students at a large university. Responses to self-administered questionnaires were used to exclude persons with factors known to be related to the acquisition of HBV and to determine the number of recent (past four months) and lifetime sexual partners. Serum samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. For white heterosexuals in the STD group, the prevalence of HBV infection was 6% for those with fewer than five recent partners vs 21% for those with five or more partners, and 5% for those with fewer than 50 lifetime partners vs 20% for those with 50 or more partners. For black heterosexuals in the STD group, no association was found between prevalence of HBV infection and number of recent or lifetime sexual partners. For the heterosexual student group (all white), the prevalence of HBV infection was 1.5% for fewer than three recent partners vs 14% for three or more partners, and 2% for fewer than ten lifetime partners vs 7% for ten or more partners. For white heterosexuals, the risk of acquiring HBV infection increases with increasing amounts of sexual activity and may reach a level similar to that of other groups previously recognized to be at high risk of acquiring hepatitis B. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1307-1310)
THE PASSING OF THE PESSARY
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The HIV-testing policies of US hospitals
Authors: C. E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To determine the human immunodeficiency virus—testing policies adopted by US hospitals, we surveyed a stratified random sample of all nonfederal general acute care hospitals, drawn from the American Hospital Association's 1987 database. Interviews were completed with the chief administrator in 561 hospitals (response rate, 78.4%). Two thirds of hospitals have admitted at least one patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and over 83% have formal written policies about human immunodeficiency virus testing. Most contain provisions protecting patients' rights; eg, 78% require pretest informed consent, 66% require a special human immunodeficiency virus—testing consent form, and 75% require that patients who test seropositive be so informed. Many policies also contain provisions that protect providers; eg, 56% require that test results appear in patients' records, 38% require review of treatment plans when a patient tests seropositive, and 3% require transferring such patients. Hospital characteristics are not strongly associated with the adoption of testing policies. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2764-2767)
Rabelais remembered
Authors: A Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Somatic hypermutation induced by activation-induced deaminase (AID) occurs at high densities between the Ig V gene promoter and intronic enhancer, which encompasses DNA encoding the rearranged V gene exon and J intron. It has been proposed that proximity between the promoter and enhancer defines the boundaries of mutation in V regions. However, depending on the J gene used, the distance between the promoter and enhancer is quite variable and may result in differential targeting around the V gene. To examine the effect of distance in mutation accumulation, we sequenced 320 clones containing different endogenous rearranged V genes in the IgH and Igκ loci from Peyer’s patch B cells of mice. Clones were grouped by their use of different J genes. Distances between the V gene and enhancer ranged from ∼2.3 kb of intron DNA for rearrangements using J1, ∼2.0 kb for rearrangements using J2, ∼1.6 kb for rearrangements using J3 (H) or 4 (κ), and 1.1 kb for rearrangements using J4 (H) or 5 (κ). Strikingly, &gt;90% of intron mutations occurred within 1 kb downstream of the J gene for both H and κ clones, regardless of which J gene was used. Thus, there is no evidence that the intron sequence or enhancer plays a role in determining the extent of mutation. The results indicate that V region intron mutations are targeted by their proximity to the promoter, suggesting they result from AID interactions with RNA polymerase II over a 1-kb region.
INCIDENCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF GYNECOMASTIA
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Erratum: De novo fatty acid synthesis controls the fate between regulatory T and T helper 17 cells
Authors: Luciana Berod, Christin Friedrich, Amrita Nandan, Jenny Freitag, Stefanie Hagemann, Kirsten Harmrolfs, Aline Sandouk, Christina Hesse, Carla N Castro, Heike Bähre, Sarah K Tschirner, Nataliya Gorinski, Melanie Gohmert, Christian T Mayer, Jochen Huehn, Evgeni Ponimaskin, Wolf-Rainer Abraham, Rolf Müller, Matthias Lochner, Tim Sparwasser
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Medical Economics
Authors: A. L. Seeley
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OC-066 Toll like receptor 4 antagonist prevents acetaminophen induced acute liver failure in mice: a novel therapeutic strategy
Authors: N Shah, D Dhar, M Jover-Cobos, N A Davies, R P Mookerjee, R Jalan
Journal: Gut (2012)

Introduction Without transplantation, about 40% of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) die. Its treatment is an unmet need. Unregulated inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis. Our hypothesis is that Toll like receptor 4 (TLR 4) is critical in the progression of inflammation in ALF. The aims of the study were to determine whether (1) administration of a novel TLR4 antagonist to an acetaminophen (APAP) model of ALF in mice would prevent liver injury. (2) TLR4 antagonist in ALF prolongs survival. (3) TLR4 KO are protected from the liver injury induced by APAP. Methods Study 1 : 3 groups of CD1 mice were studied (n=6 in each group) Naive, APAP, 500 mg/kg single dose IP after overnight fasting). APAP+TLR4 antagonist, STM28 (Osaka, Japan); 20 μg IP, 1 h prior to administration of APAP and 6 h late). Study 2 : 3 groups of C57BL/6 mice were studied (n=6) in each group. Naive, APAP (500 mg/kg single dose IP), APAP+TLR4 antagonist; IAXO (Innaxon) 3 mg/kg IP, 1 h prior to administration of APAP and 6 h later. Study 3: C57BL/6 TLR4 KO were administered APAP 500 mg/kg and the respective naive controls were administered 500 mg/kg of saline. Biochemistry was measured using COBAS integra, Cytokines in plasma and tissue homogenate of liver, kidney and brain were measured using ELISA bead array. Brain water was measured using the dry-wet weight method. Results Both the TLR4 antagonist's (STM28 and IAXO compound) reduced the plasma liver enzymes, ammonia and creatinine to the control level. The increase in the plasma TNF-α induced by APAP (45±3.2) was attenuated following TLR4 antagonist (20±2.3) (p<0.01). This was associated with a reduction in brain water (p<0.01). Both the TLR4 antagonists significantly reduced pericentral necrosis of the liver. Both these interventions showed an improvement in the survival as using the log rank test (p<0.02). TLR4 KO mice treated with APAP were protected from liver necrosis and had significantly better survival than wild type controls (p<0.002). Conclusion These data provides evidence for an important of TLR4 in APAP induced ALF and provide the rationale for a clinical trial of this strategy in ALF. Competing interests None declared.
Mistletoe hepatitis.
Authors: J Harvey, D G Colin-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A 49-year-old woman presented with nausea, general malaise, and a dull ache in the right hypochondrium. Liver biopsy showed slight inflammatory-cell infiltration, and results of liver function tests suggested hepatitis. Hepatitis B surface antigen was not detected, and a cholecystogram was normal. Two years later she presented with similar symptoms, and both illnesses were found to have occurred after ingestion of a herbal remedy containing kelp, motherwort, skullcap, and mistletoe. A challenge test established this to be the cause of the illness. Mistletoe is the only constituent of the tablets known to contain any potential toxin and thus was probably the cause of the illness. Mistletoe is widely used in herbal remedies, whose ingestion may therefore cause hepatitis.
Second-Opinion Trial in Patients Recommended for Coronary Angiography
Authors: Edward D. Folland
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The experience of Graboys et al<sup>1</sup>reported in their article "Results of a Second-Opinion Trial Among Patients Recommended for Coronary Angiography" is neither surprising nor representative of the overall practice of coronary angiography in the United States. By definition, they are reporting a select population—patients who for one reason or another have sought a second opinion regarding a recommendation for coronary angiography. Evidence that their patients are not representative is found in comparing the severity of symptoms of their 186 patients with 75 999 unselected, consecutive patients with diagnostic catheterization reported to the national registry of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions in 1991. Class III or IV symptoms were present in only 12% of the patients reported by Graboys et al compared with 48% of registry patients.<sup>2</sup>It has long been known through properly randomized studies that stable patients with mild symptoms and
Selective dopamine DA1 stimulation with fenoldopam in cirrhotic patients with ascites: A systemic, splanchnic and renal hemodynamic study
Authors: A Hadengue
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

We studied the effects of fenoldopam, a selective dopamine DA1 agonist on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics, renal blood flow and sodium excretion in 12 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and ascites. Hepatic, azygos and renal veins were catheterized before and after intravenous administration of fenoldopam, 0.05 μg/kg/min for 1 hr and increased to 0.1 μg/kg/min for another hour. Mean arterial pressure progressively decreased (from 83 ± 7 to a minimum of 77 ± 8 mm Hg 100 min after starting the infusion) but returned to baseline level at 120 min. Plasma norepinephrine and renin activity increased (respectively from 567 ± 297 to 919 ± 375 pg/ml, p < 0.05, and from 17 ± 14 to 23 ± 15 ng/ml/hr, p < 0.05). Renal blood flow, urine output or sodium excretion did not change. Sodium output decreased at 1 hr from 6.9 μmol/min to 4.0 μmol/min, p < 0.05. Both hepatic venous pressure gradient and azygos blood flow significantly increased by 21%. We conclude that the acute administration of fenoldopam did not improve renal hemodynamics or function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. In addition, dopamine DA1 agonism caused further increases in norepinephrine concentration and plasma renin activity. Portal pressure also increased, probably because of an increase in mesenteric blood flow. These results question the renal benefit and raise concern about the use of dopamine agonists in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:111–116).
Human Mentality in the Light of Psychiatric Experience. An Outline of General Psychiatry.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chromosomal abnormalities in certain human malignancies. A review
Authors: S. K. Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The association of the Philadelphia chromosome with chronic myelocytic leukemia is well known, but the association of the Christchurch chromosome with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the Philadelphia (or Philadelphia-like) chromosome with acute myeloblastic leukemia, the Melbourne chromosome with malignant lymphomas, the Madison chromosome with nonepithelial tumors, a long marker chromosome with testicular tumors, and double minute chromatin bodies with childhood tumors are not widely known or agreed upon. These chromosomal abnormalities are but a few of the many reported in the literature. Karyotypic changes are not always seen at the level of the light microscope. Whether chromosomal abnormalities are important in the initiation of neoplasia or not, their identification may be useful in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of some patients with cancer.
Medicolegal
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improving health through health system reform
Authors: R. D. Lasker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Although the nation has been consumed by the issue of health system reform for the last 2 years, the focus has been relatively limited, concentrating on policies at the federal level and on the problems of accessibility and financing of insurance for personal medical services. But reform of the US health system is a considerably broader issue. Despite congressional inaction this year, profound changes are taking place through state legislative reform, the regulatory process (such as Medicaid waivers), and marketplace forces. And some policymakers in the federal government and the states are approaching health system reform not only from the vantage point of access and cost containment, but with the added goals of protecting and improving the population's health. See also pp 1276 and 1292. Two articles in this issue ofThe Journal, by Baker et al<sup>1</sup>and by Fielding and Halfon,<sup>2</sup>make a strong case for taking
Teaching intubation skills using newly deceased infants
Authors: D. G. Benfield
Journal: JAMA (1991)

This prospective study was designed to (1) test the hypothesis that the majority of families of newly dead infants in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit would consent to their infants' being intubated for teaching purposes, (2) determine factors related to family consent, and (3) determine the effects of participation on resident physicians and respiratory therapists. Family consent for intubation was requested following 44 (80%) of the 55 deaths that occurred during the 10-month study period. Of these requests, 32 (73%) were granted. Proportionately more white than black families consented and consent was positively related to autopsy permission. Fifty-three (75%) of 71 trainees completed a mailed questionnaire after their first intubation experience. Although each respondent found the experience helpful, many reported mixed feelings categorized as doubt about participating, apprehension and discomfort, respect for the body, appreciation for the opportunity, a sense of achievement, and feelings of comfort knowing that consent had been obtained. These findings confirm our initial hypothesis and suggest that (1) newly dead infants can be a valuable resource for teaching intubation skills, and (2) others considering a similar approach need to be aware of and sensitive to trainees' feelings. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:2360-2363)
Policy space areas and properties of benefit-cost/utility analysis
Authors: J. P. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

STEINBACH and Hardison<sup>1</sup>are correct when they state that the simple benefit-cost/utility (BCU) ratio must be refined for many practical decision situations, including the ones they describe. Because it did not affect the analysis of parasite screening among Indochinese refugees, the issue was not discussed in detail. But it is important, and bears directly on the General Health Policy Model's scope of applicability. This reply draws from the nonclinical literature where program or treatment interdependencies and nonlinear constraints have been studied in greater detail.<sup>2-5</sup> A two-dimensional health policy space (Figure), where costs are subtracted from benefits (to establish consistency in signs), provides a useful analytic framework for considering resource allocation problems. Net dollar returns per person, where returns equals benefits minus costs, are plotted on the x axis, and well-years gained or lost per person (Y) are plotted on the<i>y</i>axis. Any alternative action (whether treatment, program,
Beer and spirits, but not wine, raise the risk of upper digestive tract cancer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

No link exists between exposure to benzodiazepines in pregnancy and cleft palateConflicting evidence exists about whether first trimester exposure to benzodiazepines increases the risk of major malformations or oral cleft.In their metaanalysis of cohort trials Dolovich et al (p 839) found that fetal exposure to benzodiazepines was not associated with major malformations or oral cleft, but a smaller pooled analysis on the basis of data from casecontrol studies found a significantly increased risk for major malformations or oral cleft.Even if the "worst case scenario" is assumed, benzodiazepines do not seem to be major human teratogens.