tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From the Institute of Medicine
Authors: M. S. Donaldson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gaspare Tagliacozzi— Plastic Surgeon
Authors: Jerome P. Webster
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> One sentence in the editorial which might have been more understandingly presented was the statement (<b>207</b>:1343, 1969), "Although Tagliacozzi mentions the possibility of heterologous skin transplants, he found it more practical to select the skin from the patient's own body." If, after<i>practical</i>, the words "because of the difficulty in keeping two individuals attached to each other for the requisite length of time" were inserted, this would have given the reason more clearly. Tagliacozzi explains this in book 1, chapter 18, page 59 of his<i>De curtorum chirurgia per insitionem</i>(concerning the surgery of deformities by transplantation), Venice, 1597. In the final paragraph of the editorial, a quotation said to be taken from "the first chapter of Tagliacozzi's treatise," really appears in the epilogue of Mrs. Gnudi's and my book, The Life and Times of Gaspare<i>Tagliacozzi, Surgeon of Bologna, 1545-1599</i>, page 331, first paragraph, which
Proposed Testimonial to Dr. Davis.
Authors: None D. L.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Rockford, Ill., June 3, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In view of the coming meeting at Philadelphia, which is to celebrate the semi-centennial of the organization of theAssociation, though still appearing remote, it occurs to me to be none too early now to suggest that an honor, long deferred, though well deserved, be in some commendable way presented through theAssociationto the medical world, by which our venerable teacher, mentor and friend, Dr. N. S. Davis, the man whose keen and fertile brain, whose prescience ever on the alert for the good of medicine and humanity, originated the plan of theAmerican Medical Association, and as constantly and unwaveringly stood by it until its maturity has been attained and all the medical profession of the United States, if not of the civilized world, are ready to rise up and do him homage. Not only has he done this but,
Short Clinical Lectures on the First Principles of Medicine
Authors: L. S. Beale
Journal: BMJ (1863)

In wvhose h1eart do the consequences of this peri- carditis most rapidlv induce enlargement ?Not in the wvell-fed and well-clothed ; but at the same weakly time, in the same weakly sex, and under the same debilitating circumstances as the original lesion occurred.Cancers and other tumours are found of quickest growth and mlost frequently in the least lively bodies, in tbe least lively )arts, in the idle uterus, in the unused breast, in the cellular tissue, in scars, in parts half killed by wounds, injuries, or previous dis- ease.
Insulin and the Kidney
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ovarian Toxicity and Carcinogenicity in Eight Recent National Toxicology Program Studies
Authors: Robert R. Maronpot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Ovarian toxicity and/or carcinogenicity has been documented for at least eight chemicals recently tested in National Toxicity Program prechronic and chronic rodent studies. The chemicals that yielded treatment-related ovarian lesions were 1,3-butadiene, 4-vinylcyclohexene, vinylcyclohexene deipoxide, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone, benzene, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and tricresylphosphate. Typical nonneoplastic ovarian changes included hypoplasia, atrophy, follicular necrosis, and tubular hyperplasia. The most commonly observed treatment-related neoplasms were granulosa cell tumors and benign mixed tumors. A relationship between antecedent ovarian hypoplasia, atrophy, and hyperplasia and subsequent ovarian neoplasia is supported by some of these National Toxicology Program studies. Pathologic changes in other tissues such as the adrenal glands and uterus were associated with the treatment-related ovarian changes.
The effect of prostaglandin E1 on liver adenine nucleotides and cytoplasmic enzymes in a porcine model of normothermic hepatic ischemia*1
Authors: T HELLING
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The liver has been judged relatively resistant to ischemia, but prolonged inflow occlusion at normothermic conditions can produce evidence of reversible or irreversible hepatocellular damage. Cytoprotective agents have been used both experimentally and clinically to afford extended viability of hepatocytes under reduced perfusion. One agent, prostaglandin E1, has been described clinically as effective in sustaining liver function under ischemic conditions. We have sought to verify this observation in an experimental model using prolonged normothermic inflow occlusion. Twenty miniature pigs were anesthetized and subjected to subtotal normothermic hepatic inflow occlusion (portal vein, hepatic artery, choledochal vessels) to allow for sufficient splanchnic decompression. Half of the animals received pretreatment with prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil) 500 μg intravenously. Inflow occlusion was maintained for 2 hours followed by reperfusion and killing 24 hours later. As a measure of functional preservation, the tissue adenine nucleotides adenosine monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate (AMP, ADP, ATP) were measured in ischemic liver by freeze-clamping and high-performance liquid chromatography during occlusion and after reperfusion. Cytosolic enzyme determinations (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase) were also made before occlusion and after reperfusion. As a possible indicator of cellular injury, blood ionized Ca++ was measured before inflow occlusion and after reperfusion. Although no difference was found in levels of AMP and ADP between prostaglandin E1 and control animals, ATP levels rose significantly higher during recovery in prostaglandin E1 animals at 60 minutes and 24 hours after reperfusion (13.97 ± 1.29 and 13.60 ± 0.91 μmoles/gm dry weight prostaglandin E1 vs. 9.25 ± 0.97 and 9.80 ± 0.85 μmoles/g dry weight control, P < .01). However, energy charge (ATP + 12 ADP/ATP + ADP + AMP) showed no significant difference between prostaglandin E1 and control groups at any time measured. There also was no significant difference in cytosolic enzymes or blood ionized Ca++ levels between prostaglandin E1 and control animals. We conclude pretreatment with prostaglandin E1 facilitates recovery of ATP on reperfusion after normothermic hepatic ischemia. The mechanism for this phenomenon remains unclear but does not seem to involve transcellular Ca++ flux. More rapid recovery of ATP may allow for continued viability of marginally damaged hepatocytes.
Use of Surgical Tape as Substitute for Sutures Aids Surgeon in Grafting Smaller Nerve Fibers
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Surgical (Micropore) tape, a substitute for surgical suturing material, may overcome many problems of grafting smaller nerve fibers, according to Bromley S. Freeman, MD, Houston. Freeman described use of tape at the annual meeting of the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, May 13 through 16 in Chicago. The tape, he said, is particularly suited to aid regeneration of peripheral nerves controlling facial expressions. Present anastomotic techniques lack reliability and require the use of elaborate instruments such as arterial sleeve stretchers and special molds to which the nerve must be adapted. In addition, the surgical procedure consumes excessive time. Surgical tape, however, offers speed and reliability. Freeman has demonstrated its success in more than 15 patients, all of whom have shown restoration of functions. Regrowth of nerves following anastomoses, nerve grafting, or nerve crossing, was described as "relatively normal." Even where peripheral nerves are large enough for suturing, Freeman holds that
Abstract 17510: The First Prediction Model for Response to Autologous Bone Marrow-derived Mononuclear Cells After Myocardial Infarction Based on the REPAIR-AMI Trial
Authors: Peter-Paul Zwetsloot, Birgit Assmus, Stefan Koudstaal, Hendrik Gremmels, Sandra Erbs, Bernward Lauer, Werner Haberbosch, Pieter A Doevendans, Joost P Sluijter, Andreas M Zeiher, Steven Chamuleau
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Administration of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) resulted in favorable outcomes after myocardial infarction (MI) compared to placebo in the REPAIR-AMI trial. Pre-clinical studies have shown that individual risk factors negatively influence cell function. To date, it is not known how these risk factors modify treatment effect in clinical trials and if potential (non-)responders can be identified. Aim: To investigate the effect of individual risk factors on functional outcome after BM-MNC therapy and to establish a prediction model for treatment response in patients with MI. Methods: Data from the REPAIR-AMI trial were used, consisting of 186 patients who had complete baseline and follow-up measurements. We performed univariable and multivariable linear regression with 18 predefined baseline characteristics using the difference in baseline EF and after 4 months (ΔEF4) as primary outcome. Our main goal was to identify interaction terms of predictors with BM-MNC treatment; i.e. effect modifiers of treatment response. An individual estimate of treatment effect over placebo (ΔΔEF4) was created by extrapolating an ‘untreated’ reference value for ΔEF4, based on the placebo-arm and comparing it to the observed value after treatment. Treatment response was defined as a ΔΔEF4 of &gt;5% (so 5% over a predicted placebo value). Discrimination was quantified by the area under the ROC-curve (AUC). Results: The predictors age, weight, baseline EF and ESV showed an interaction with cell treatment in multivariable analysis with backward selection. Subsequently, the prediction model for individual ΔΔEF4 included age (-0.18/year, p=0.008), weight (+0.16/kg, p=0.01), baseline EF (-0.46/%, p=0.0001) and ESV (-0.09/ml, p=0.06). The predictive capacity for response to therapy showed an AUC of 79.2% (95% CI 69.7-88.6), which retained 74.8% (95% CI 65.0-84.5) after shrinkage. Conclusion: Response to BM-MNC administration after MI is influenced by age, weight, and baseline cardiac parameters. Using these continuous predictors, potential treatment responders can be accurately identified. Interestingly, an adverse risk-factor profile was associated with greater response, with potential implications for future patient selection.
DISPENSING WITH THE BRAIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deferral aims to deter Chagas' parasite
Authors: A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

REJECTING prospective blood donors who are at risk of carrying the Chagas' disease parasite may help prevent the spread of the potentially fatal disease in the United States without significantly reducing blood supplies, even in communities that have a large number of immigrants from areas of Latin America where the disease is endemic. This is the conclusion of a study by the Los Angeles County—University of Southern California Hospital Blood Bank that was presented in November at the annual meeting of the American Association of Blood Banks, held in Los Angeles. The study describes the effects of a donor screening policy adopted last year after one case of transfusion-associated Chagas' disease was reported in California and one in New York, NY (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1433). The blood bank's policy calls for the questioning of prospective donors who were born in or who traveled to areas of Latin America where Chagas' disease is
Housing and the Community—Home Repair and Remodeling. Reports of the Committees on Housing and the Community. Joseph H. Pratt, M.D., Chairman. Reconditioning, Remodeling, and Modernizing. Frederick M. Feiker, Chairman.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accelerated Measles Control—Cambodia, 1999-2002
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Cambodia is recovering from approximately 30 years of civil war that resulted in the breakdown of the country's public health infrastructure. In 1999, the Ministry of Health initiated a measles-control program with the goal of reducing the annual incidence of measles to <10,000 cases in 2005 by strengthening measles surveillance, improving routine vaccination coverage, implementing supplementary measles immunization activities (SIAs), and providing vitamin A during outbreak investigations and SIAs. This report summarizes measles-vaccination activities and their impact in reducing reported measles cases from 13,827 in 1999 to 1,234 in 2002 and suggests options for future measles-control efforts in postconflict situations.
Mode of Carcinogenic Action of Pesticides Inducing Thyroid Follicular Cell Tumors in Rodents
Authors: Pamela M. Hurley, Richard N. Hill, Rick J. Whiting
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Of 240 pesticides screened for carcinogenicity by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs, at least 24 (10%) produce thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodents. Thirteen of the thyroid carcinogens also induce liver tumors, mainly in mice, and 9 chemicals produce tumors at other sites. Some mutagenic data are available on all 24 pesticides producing thyroid tumors. Mutagenicity does not seem to be a major determinant in thyroid carcinogenicity, except for possibly acetochlor; evidence is less convincing for ethylene thiourea and etridiazole. Studies on thyroid-pituitary functioning, including indications of thyroid cell growth and/or changes in thyroxine, triiodothyronine, or thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, are available on 19 pesticides. No such antithyroid information is available for etridiazole, N-octyl bicycloheptene dicarboximide, terbutryn, triadimefon, and trifluralin. Of the studied chemicals, only bromacil lacks antithyroid activity under study conditions. Intrathyroidal and extrathyroidal sites of action are found: amitrole, ethylene thiourea, and mancozeb are thyroid peroxidase inhibitors; and acetochlor, clofentezine, fenbuconazole, fipronil, pendimethalin, pentachloronitrobenzene, prodiamine, pyrimethanil, and thiazopyr seem to enhance the hepatic metabolism and excretion of thyroid hormone. Thus, with 12 pesticides that mode of action judgments can be made, 11 disrupt thyroid-pituitary homeostasis only; no chemical is mutagenic only; and acetochlor may have both antithyroid and some mutagenic activity. More information is needed to identify other potential antithyroid modes of thyroid carcinogenic action.
Magnesium administration and dysrhythmias after cardiac surgery. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial
Authors: M. R. England
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether magnesium administration is effective in reducing postoperative morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A tertiary acute-care 500-bed university teaching hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Over a 6-month period, 100 patients electively scheduled for cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass were studied. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Fifty patients were randomized to receive an intravenous infusion of magnesium chloride, 2 g, and 50 patients received placebo intraoperatively after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. <h3>Results.</h3> —Magnesium-treated patients had a significantly decreased frequency (<i>P</i>&lt;.04) of postoperative ventricular dysrhythmias (eight [16%] of 50) compared with placebo-treated patients (17 [34%] of 50). Patients who were normomagnesemic postoperatively had new supraventricular dysrhythmias less frequently (<i>P</i>&lt;.03) than patients who were hypomagnesemic postoperatively (eight [17%] of 48 vs 19 [37%] of 52). Compared with placebo-treated patients, magnesium-treated patients had significantly higher (<i>P</i>&lt;.02) postoperative cardiac indices in the intensive care unit (2.8±0.1 vs 2.5±0.1 L/min per m<sup>2</sup>). Patients with postoperative total and ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia had postoperative ventricular dysrhythmias (<i>P</i>&lt;.04) and required prolonged mechanical ventilatory support (<i>P</i>&lt;.01) more frequently than patients without postoperative hypomagnesemia. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Total and ultrafilterable hypomagnesemia are prevalent findings in cardiac surgery patients, and postoperative hypomagnesemia is strongly associated with clinically important morbidity. Magnesium administration decreased the frequency of postoperative ventricular dysrhythmias and increased the stroke volume and thereby cardiac index in the early postoperative period. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:2395-2402)
Sleeping pills.
Authors: H Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1970)

sudden pain in the calf to death from mas- sive pulmonary embolism.Apprehension still exists as continuing investigations indicate that there are grave discrepancies in the recommended methods of laundering and sterilizing in the hospital service.The non-clinical approach is paramount.Hospital flora are now accepted, apparently calmly (8 August, p. 305).Just how far have we gone backwards in 22 years?Do we need another Lister?-Iam, etc.,
Sex Steroid Hormones, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lewis H. Kuller, Jane A. Cauley, Lee Lucas, Steve Cummings, Warren S. Browner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Increased bone mineral density (BMD), as a marker of higher integrated estrogen exposure over time, could be an important risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer.In the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures 8065 non-black women age 65 years and older were followed for an average of 3.2 years.There were 121 incident breast cancer cases.The age adjusted incidence rate/i 000 person years of breast cancer was substantially higher among women with high BMD at several measured bone sites.There was approximately a 2-fold higher risk of breast cancer for women in the upper as compared to the lower 25th percentile of BMD.Considerable controversy exists about the association of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and increased risk of breast cancer.In this paper we modeled the effects of selection for HRT, presuming that women with lower BMD would be more likely to be on HRT, then estimated the observed versus potential risk of breast cancer among HRT users as compared to nonusers.The model suggests that the potential risk of breast cancer associated with HRT could be greatly underestimated and that postmenopausal women with high BMD who are placed on HRT could have a substantially increased risk of breast cancer.This model of increased risk of breast cancer associated with BMD and HRT needs to be evaluated within clinical trials and larger observational studies that include measures of BMD.