tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The clinical applications of new DNA diagnostic technology on the management of cancer patients
Authors: J. D. Rowley
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THIS ARTICLE presents a summary of the results of investigations to detect the various genetic changes that have been identified in malignant cells, concentrating on those malignant diseases that have been well characterized genetically. Various techniques are reviewed elsewhere.<sup>1</sup>The correlation of the genetic changes with features that aid in the distinction of different tumors or that have prognostic significance will be emphasized. The explosive growth in this area of clinical investigation causes any review of this sort to become out of date rapidly. Nonetheless, these examples are important illustrations of the future of medical practice. Detailed summaries of chromosome abnormalities in cancer have been described previously.<sup>2,3</sup>The article is divided into two major parts, hematologic malignant diseases and solid tumors. At present, we know much more about the hematologic disorders, especially leukemia and lymphoma.<sup>4</sup>This is rapidly changing as many laboratories are actively investigating the genetic
SCDT-51. INITIAL EXPERIENCE OF BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER OPENING FOR CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC-DRUG DELIVERY TO BRAIN TUMOURS BY MR-GUIDED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND
Authors: Nir Lipsman, Sarah Ironside, Ryan Alkins, Allison Bethune, Yuexi Huang, James Perry, Arjun Sahgal, Maureen Trudeau, Kullervo Hynynen, Todd Mainprize
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has been shown to reversibly open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for targeted drug delivery. Animal models have shown the feasibility of BBB opening for delivery of a broad range of compounds. We describe the first experience of focused ultrasound mediated BBB opening in malignant brain tumours. This phase-one clinical trial was approved by Health Canada and our Research Ethics Board. A modified clinical MRgFUS brain system was used with a 3T MR scanner. Prior to BBB opening patients received a single dose of IV liposomal doxorubicin (N=1) or temozolomide (N=2). Patients were positioned in the FUS array with a stereotactic frame. Two targets close to the posterior margin of the tumor were chosen based on T2 images. A bolus injection of Definity microbubbles was applied simultaneously with each sonication. Post sonication, Gd-enhanced images were acquired to verify BBB openings, and T2*-weighted GRE images were collected to detect hemorrhage. All patients tolerated FUS procedures and BBB opening well, with no adverse events. T2* images demonstrated a small degree of RBC extravasation, with no overt hemorrhage on standard T1, no edema on T2 or DWI changes on treatment or follow-up scans. BBB was successfully opened in all patients at each targeted location, with clear Gd enhancement. All patients went on to receive safe maximal resection at 24 hours post-sonication. Our initial experience of FUS-mediated BBB opening in high-grade glioma demonstrates the safety and feasibility of this emerging adjuvant modality. We were able to open the BBB, as demonstrated with Gd enhancement, in several discrete brain regions surrounding the tumour, without adverse events. Patients tolerated the procedure well. Next steps will include sonication of larger tumour volumes, done in conjunction with standard of care prescriptions of chemotherapeutic agents, for which the BBB is a major challenge. The authors thank the Focused Ultrasound Foundation for funding this trial and InSightec for technical supports of the ExAblate system. The development of this method was funded by NIH grant no. EB003268.
Emergency Medicine
Authors: Louis Ling
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Emergency medicine provides access to all patients who seek care at all times regardless of their financial status. The variety of patient problems is enormous, matched only by the opportunity to improve the health care of these patients through research and clinical care. Emergency physicians have long been in the forefront of research on cardiac resuscitation. Long-accepted assumptions, as basic as the dose of epinephrine, have been challenged recently. High doses of epinephrine, up to 15 times greater than the standard dose recommended in advanced cardiac life support protocols, have been more successful in increasing coronary perfusion pressure than the standard dose,<sup>1</sup>which provides evidence that there may be ways to improve in basic cardiac resuscitation methods. In one study of 49 adult patients, 60% who received a high dose of epinephrine had a return of spontaneous circulation compared with 15% of patients who received a standard dose.<sup>2</sup>
Intestinal Transplantation
Authors: Thomas M. Fishbein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Intestinal transplantation has become an option for selected patients with irreversible gut failure. Candidates include patients with complications of parenteral nutrition, those with unresectable mesenteric tumors, and those who cannot adapt to the limitations of intestinal failure. This review summarizes recent experience, including the management challenges of immunosuppression and organ rejection.
Heberden Society
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1964)

factors in the population have shown interesting differ- ences which may well throw light on the aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis, but other forms of rheumatism are not neglected.Of particular interest are contribu- tions on the less frequent causes of generalized osteo- arthrosis, such as ochronosis, gout, chondrocalcinosis, and Kashin-Beck's disease.One of the most intriguing features is the story of the increasing incidence of gout in recent years in Maoris and in Filipinos.In Caucasians an association between social class and serum uric acid level was noted by one group of observers and between social class and gout by another, the executive classes being more liable to both hyperuricaemia and gout.The question is considered whether the better living standard of the executive produces the hyperuricaemia or the hyperuricaemia produces the drive necessary to raise the individual to executive level.A number of interesting family studies indicate familial aggregation, not only in osteo-arthrosis and arthritis, but also in spondylitis and Sjogren's disease.The American Rheumatism Association criteria for the diagnosis and grading of rheumatoid arthritis are brought under critical review and are revised in the light of experience of their use in population and hospital studies.Criteria have also been devised for the diagnosis of spondylitis and gout in population samples.Disc degeneration and osteo-arthrosis are relegated to radio- logical diagnoses and standard films for grading both the degenerative and inflammatory forms of rheumatism are provided in Volume 2.These volumes should prove invaluable to all rheu- matologists who are interested in the statistical aspects of their subject and will be read with great interest by those who wish to know what is emerging from population surveys.
AB0156 Biomarker of inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (jia)
Authors: J. Brunner, T. Giner, G. Weiss, D. Fuchs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a relevant autoimmune disease in children. T cells, B cells, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Biomarkers for JIA and its subtypes are not established. Pro-inflammatory pathways activate enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) which enhances tryptophan (Trp) conversion to kynurenine (Kyn). Thus, in conditions of chronic immune activation reduced Trp availability and production of Kyn and its down-stream metabolites may inhibit cell proliferation. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Trp concentrations are lower in patients than in controls and the Kyn/Trp ratios are higher and correlate with neopterin concentrations [1-3]. <h3>Objectives</h3> In this study, Trp and Kyn metabolism was investigated in children with JIA and compared to serum neopterin concentrations. Fifty-four sera of 25 JIA patients and 10 samples of synovial fluid were examined with HPLC (Trp and Kyn) and Elisa (Neopterin, BRAHMS, Hennigsdorf, Germany). Eighteen sera from 18 children with non-inflammatory diseases were used as controls. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifty-four sera of 25 JIA patients and 10 samples of synovial fluid were examined with HPLC (Trp and Kyn) and Elisa (Neopterin, BRAHMS, Hennigsdorf, Germany). Eighteen sera from 18 children with non-inflammatory diseases were used as controls. <h3>Results: Results</h3> Trp in the sera of patients was mean 57.2 + SD 19.0 µmol/L and Kyn was mean 2.40 + SD 0.81 µmol/L). Serum neopterin was 5.69 + SD 1.72 nmol/L. In the synovial fluid, neopterin was mean 10.5 + SD 7.41 nmol/L), Trp was 36.7 + SD 17.4 µmol/L and Kyn was 2.13 + SD 0.75 µmol/L). In control patients, neopterin was 6.93 + SD 3.10), Trp was 57.6 + SD 14.8) and Kyn was 2.60 + SD 1.60 µmol/L. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Serum Trp concentrations showed no relevant difference in JIA patients vs. controls. IDO activity reduces Trp primarily in the synovial fluid in JIA patients. <h3>References</h3> <i>Schroecksnadel K, et al. Increased degradation of tryptophan in blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2003;30:1935-9.</i> <i>Fagerer N. et al. Expression of neopterin and chemokines in rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Pteridines 2011;22:7-12.</i> <i>Kurz K, et al. Effects of adalimumab therapy on disease activity and interferon-γ-mediated biochemical pathways in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmunity 2011;44:235-42.</i> <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia-specific mutations in NT5C2 cluster into hotspots driving intersubunit stimulation
Authors: Aleš Hnízda, Milan Fábry, Takaya Moriyama, Petr Pachl, Michael Kugler, Vítězslav Brinsa, David B. Ascher, William L. Carroll, Petr Novák, Markéta Žaliová, Jan Trka, Pavlína Řezáčová, Jun J. Yang, Václav Veverka
Journal: Leukemia (2018)
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE IMMUNITY TO ANTHRAX.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A pilot study of corticosteroid priming for lymphoblastoid interferon alfa in patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: K Chayama, A Tsubota, M Kobayashi, M Hashimoto, Y Miyano, H Koike, I Koida, Y Arase, S Saitoh, N Murashima, K Ikeda, H Kumada
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Interferon treatment reduces the serum level of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and improves inflammatory activity, but relapse is frequently observed. In an attempt to develop a new therapeutic strategy that may reduce relapse and cure the disease, we evaluated the effect of corticosteroid priming on lymphoblastoid interferon alfa in an open randomized clinical trial. The level of HCV RNA increased significantly during corticosteroid priming (from 5.60 [median] to 21.0 x 10 5 Eq/mL; P = .0004) but decreased to the pretreatment level 4 weeks after cessation of corticosteroid (7.0 x 10 5 Eq/mL; P = .07). Sustained normalization of alanine transaminase (ALT) level and virus clearance, confirmed by negative results for HCV RNA using reverse-transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were observed over a period of 6 months in 8 of 19 (42.1%) corticosteroid-primed patients, compared with 6 of 19 patients (31.6%) treated with interferon only. A “rebound” of ALT after the withdrawal of corticosteroid was observed in only 2 of 19 patients primed with corticosteroid, but both showed sustained responses. Multivariate analysis for factors predictive of the sustained response indicated that HCV titers measured immediately before interferon therapy and HCV genotype were statistically significant (P = .006 and P = .025, respectively). Our results indicated that corticosteroid priming has a marginal benefit over treatment with interferon alone and that large-scale clinical trials are necessary to determine whether interferon with corticosteroid priming is more effective than interferon alone.
From the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
Authors: F. K. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High-level expression of hepatitis B virus HBx gene and hepatocarcinogenesis in transgenic mice
Authors: K Koike
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We studied the development of liver tumors in male HBx gene transgenic mice. Of two lineages studied, in the lineage with the lowest HBx gene expression liver tumors developed only in an incidence comparable with that in normal CD-1 strain, whereas 84% of male mice with a high level of the HBx gene product succumbed to liver neoplasia, indicating that continued HBx gene expression higher than a certain threshold level may be necessary for the development of hepatic neoplasia. Sixty-five mice from a lineage with a high level of HBx expression were then followed throughout their 24-mo lifespan. The livers of transgenic mice showed foci of cellular alteration with cytoplasmic vacuolations around the central veins from the age of 2 mo, but these foci did not expand progressively by the age of 12 mo. Immunostaining demonstrated such hepatocytes had higher expression of HBx protein than surrounding cells. Neoplastic lesions including liver cell adenomas and hepatocellular carcinomas developed from the age of 13 mo. By bromodeoxyuridine labeling analysis, hepatocytes in altered foci were found to have increased DNA synthesis, whereas no labeling was observed in age- and sex-matched nontransgenic littermate controls. Furthermore, DNA content analysis revealed the existence of several small aneuploid peaks in the transgenic liver before the age of tumor development. These results suggest that the continued expression of HBx gene may initiate a complex process to hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing DNA synthesis and placing large numbers of hepatocytes subjective to secondary events for transformation. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:810–819.)
L'examen du malade: Guide clinique de l'étudiant et du médecin. médecine, chirurgie, obstétrique, neurologie et spécialités. Par P
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinicopathological conference: a case of abdominal pain. Demonstrated at the Royal College of Physicians, London.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Dr. W. Sircus (1) presented the history of a man who was born 1898 and, though an university servitor, had previously been a bar manager.In 1964 he developed episodes of abdominal pain and heartburn with attacks lasting three weeks and with re- missions up to three months.Alkalis relieved the pain.He was first seen in the outpatient clinic in 1968, when he was aged 70.He weighed 60 kg.The abnormal findings were mainly in the cardiovascular system.His blood pressure was 240/120 mm Hg and on repeated measurements during the consultation it did not fall significantly.He had grade II retinopathy and an apical systolic bruit.Bronchospasm and signs of emphysema were noted.The electrocardiogram showed frequent ventricular extra systoles and minimal ST depression in V6.A barium meal showed a sliding hiatus hernia.The E.S.R. was 12 mm in the first hour (Westergren), the haemoglobin 16-2 g/100 ml, and the P.C.V. 48%.Alkaline phosphatase and other measurements of liver function were normal.Postural measures to relieve the pain, antacids, and sedatives were prescribed by the registrar who saw the patient.
Authors' response
Authors: C M Roberts, R A Stone, R J Buckingham, N A Pursey, D Lowe
Journal: Thorax (2011)

invasive techniques for measuring CO such as impedance cardiography and continuouswave Doppler have the advantage of not requiring patient collaboration and may be more suitable for patients with advanced disease.However, they are not readily applicable during exercise and there are little clinical data on their use in patients with pulmonary hypertension.
A study to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a single infusion of cetuximab (IMC-C225)
Authors: E. H. Rubin, J. Doroshow, M. Hidalgo, M. Wojtowicz, L. Leong, R. Donehower, S. Bai, D. Mauro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3084 Background: Cetuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that selectively binds to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). This study examined single dose PK of cetuximab across a 10-fold dose range (50–500mg/m2). Methods: Thirty-nine patients with refractory solid tumors of epithelial origin were randomized to a single IV infusion of cetuximab of 50, 100, 250, 400 or 500 mg/m2. Blood samples for PK analysis were collected for up to three weeks following the first cetuximab dose. After 22 days, all patients were then administered weekly dosing of cetuximab at 250 mg/m2. Results: Results from noncompartmental PK analysis are summarized in the Table. Cetuximab serum concentrations reached a maximum at approximately 3h after initiation of infusion and then declined slowly thereafter. Concentrations approached baseline levels within 504 h for the majority of patients. Mean Cmax values for Cetuximab increased in a slightly greater than dose-proportional manner up to 500 mg/m2 while mean AUCinf values increased in a greater than dose-proportional manner up to 500 mg/m2. Cetuximab monotherapy was well tolerated. Approximately 60% of the patients experienced a skin rash, the majority of which was of Grade 1–2 in severity. Although no partial responses were seen, approximately 30 % of the patients achieved stable disease. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetic behavior of cetuximab demonstrated in this study is consistent with findings from previous studies. The measured half-life at the 250 mg/m2 dose of 71 hours is supportive of weekly dosing. Cetuximab is rapidly cleared at lower doses; however, clearance appears saturable at doses greater than 250 mg/m2. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb Vertex Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb Bristol-Myers Squibb
<i>Hysteria and Certain Allied Conditions, their Nature and Treatment, with Special Reference to the Application of the Rest Cure, Massage, Electrotherapy, Hypnotism, etc.</i>By George J. Preston, M. D., Professor of Diseases of the Nervous System, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore. Illustrated. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston, Son &amp; Co., 1897
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1897)
INORGANIC ANALOGIES WITH THE REACTIONS OF IMMUNIZING BODIES AND ALLIED SUBSTANCES.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, with quinapril, improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease: The TREND study (trial on reversing endothelial dysfunction)
Authors: G.B.John Mancini, Gregory C. Henry, Michael I. Klibaner, Thomas J. Wargovich, Bertram Pitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)