tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Therapy Versus Medication in Augmentation and Switch Strategies as Second-Step Treatments: A STAR*D Report
Authors: Michael Thase
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: The authors compared the effectiveness of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy as second-step strategies for outpatients with major depressive disorder who had received inadequate benefit from an initial trial of citalopram. Cognitive therapy was compared with medication augmentation and switch strategies. Method: An equipoise-stratified randomization strategy was used to assign participants to either augmentation of citalopram with cognitive therapy (N=65) or medication (N=117; either sustained-release bupropion [N=56] or buspirone [N=61]) or switch to cognitive therapy (N=36) or another antidepressant (N=86; sertraline [N=27], sustained-release bupropion [N=28], or extended-release venlafaxine [N=31]). Treatment outcomes and the frequency of adverse events were compared. Results: Less than one-third of participants consented to randomization strata that permitted comparison of cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy. Among participants who were assigned to second-step treatment, those who received cognitive therapy (either alone or in combination with citalopram) had similar response and remission rates to those assigned to medication strategies. For those who continued on citalopram, medication augmentation resulted in significantly more rapid remission than augmentation with cognitive therapy. Among those who discontinued citalopram, there were no significant differences in outcome, although those who switched to a different antidepressant reported significantly more side effects than those who received cognitive therapy alone. Conclusions: After an unsatisfactory response to citalopram, patients who consented to random assignment to either cognitive therapy or alternative pharmacologic strategies had generally comparable outcomes. Pharmacologic augmentation was more rapidly effective than cognitive therapy augmentation of citalopram, whereas switching to cognitive therapy was better tolerated than switching to a different antidepressant.
A hemodynamic comparison of 2 strategies for control of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation: Local vagal stimulation versus atrioventricular nodal ablation with right ventricular pacing Youhua Zhang, Shaowei Zhuang, Don W. Wallick, Kent A. Mowrey, Tomotsugu Tabata, Todor N. Mazgalev. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The next era for prostate cancer. Controlled clinical trials
Authors: P. H. Lange
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The field of prostate cancer is important, changing, and confusing. Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death among US men. Yet autopsy studies show that many men without clinical prostate cancer have some cancer in their prostates, albeit in small volumes. This, plus the fact that prostate cancer occurs in aging men and often grows slowly, means that many more men die with prostate cancer than of it. In the past, early diagnosis was advocated by periodic digital rectal examinations (DREs), treatments for curative intent consisted of radical prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy, and significant palliation as afforded by androgen ablation therapies. Yet the mortality from prostate cancer has not altered in decades.<sup>1</sup>Today, concepts about prostatic cancer treatment are changing rapidly, principally because of the availability of spring-loaded biopsy guns and transrectal ultrasonography (which make prostate biopsies safer, easier, and
Changes in left ventricular size and hemodynamics are seen early after mitral valve repair in patients with mitral regurgitation and normal systolic function Syed A. Hasan, Dipan J. Shah, Deborah L. Ekery, Angie E. Wen, Andrew J. Hamilton, David A. Fullerton, Robert O. Bonow, Vera H. Rigolin. Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Congenital Malaria
Authors: P. G. Preston
Journal: BMJ (1947)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This study assessed temporal dynamics of total and antibiotic resistant fecal bacterial indicators and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) along a sewage-effluent-reservoir continuum, in an experimental system consisting of a sewage-fed membrane-aerated bioreactor (MABR) whose effluent fed a 4500 L polypropylene basin that mimicked an effluent storage reservoir. We applied a multidisciplinary approach that coupled physicochemical analyses, cultivation of total and cefotaxime-resistant E. coli, microbiome (bacterial and eukaryotic) analysis and qPCR/ddPCR quantification of selected ARGs. Total and cefotaxime-resistant E. coli loads dropped by approximately 1.5 log units in both the MABR and the reservoir, but the relative reduction (normalized to 16S rRNA genes) in both E. coli and ARGs was higher in the reservoir. Reservoir microbiomes were significantly different from those in the MABR, and were characterized by temporal shifts and periodic algal (Chlorophyta) blooms that were coupled to oxygen and pH fluctuations. Collectively, the data indicates that the decrease in E. coli and ARGs in the MABR was primarily facilitated by sludge removal, whereas in the reservoir, it was predominantly associated with microbial community shifts. The study highlights the capacity of ecological interactions in mitigating antibiotic resistance in both engineered and natural ecosystems. <h3>Importance</h3> Antibiotic resistance is considered one of the most significant public health predicaments of the 21st century, and there is growing evidence that anthropogenically impacted environments such as those receiving raw and treated sewage can contribute to this phenomenon. In this study, we evaluated the dynamics of total and antibiotic resistant fecal pathogen indicators and antibiotic resistance genes along a sewage-treated wastewater-effluent reservoir continuum, concurrent to evaluation of microbial community composition and physicochemical parameters. Results indicate that both the treatment bioreactor and the effluent storage reservoir removed resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance encoding genes. However, in the reactor removal was primarily linked to physical processes, whereas in the storage reservoir it appeared to be strongly facilitated by ecological interactions. The study highlights the capacity of aquatic ecosystems to alleviate antibiotic resistance, and suggests that ecological processes in aquatic ecosystems can be harnessed to mitigate antibiotic resistance.
Authorities address US drug-related 'arms race'
Authors: T. B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1996)

IN THE MID 1980s, the homicide rate for young men increased rapidly, while homicide rates for other age groups remained the same or declined. What triggered this spasm of violent death in the statistical record? There seemed to be general agreement among the professors of law, criminology, economics, and public health at last month's "Conference on Guns and Violence in America," held at Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago, Ill, that the killings began with the emergence of crack cocaine as a major drug of abuse a decade ago (<i>JAMA</i>. 1986;255:1987). Right away, the criminal enterprises that were organized to distribute this popular commodity faced a labor crisis. Street dealers were being imprisoned in record numbers, demand for crack was increasing, and the number of transactions needed to sell the drug in small, affordable quantities had also increased. The solution, according to Alfred Blumstein, PhD, of the Heinz School
ICU-acquired pneumonia due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum
Authors: D. Teres
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<i>FLAVOBACTERIUM meningosepticum</i>is a nonfermentative Gramnegative bacillus that is extremely resistant to the potent aminoglycosides and polymyxins, yet sensitive to antibiotics that act primarily on Gram-positive bacteria. Known to cause meningitis in premature and newborn infants,<sup>1</sup><i>F. meningosepticum</i>has also been identified in contaminated anesthetic vials in an epidemic in an operating room.<sup>2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 14-year-old girl fell from a horse and, despite the protection of a helmet, became comatose. The patient's history was unremarkable except for hayfever. Her temperature was 38.3 C (101 F); blood pressure was 120/70 mm Hg. There was bilateral decerebrate posturing. The left pupil measured 3.5 mm; the right, 2.5 mm. The left ocular disk was blurred, without pulsations; the right ocular disk was not blurred. There were no extraocular eye movements, and ice-water caloric stimulation did not produce nystagmus. There was brisk bilateral extensor toe response. Lumbar puncture showed
Consultant Contract
Authors: R. S. Francis, I. M. Glick, G. Hanson, R. S. Winwood, F. J. Hebbert, B. Chattopadhyay, G. McEnery, J. Enticknap, C. Raeburn, A. J. E. Brafield, J. S. Portnoy, V. Dallos
Journal: BMJ (1974)
INCREASED HARRISON NARCOTIC TAX-TRAVELING EXPENSE DEDUCTION DENIED
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Is a Potent Orexigenic Agent: Preparation and Mechanism of Activity
Authors: Eran Elinav, Leonora Niv-Spector, Meirav Katz, Tulin O. Price, Mohammed Ali, Michal Yacobovitz, Gili Solomon, Shay Reicher, Jessica L. Lynch, Zamir Halpern, William A. Banks, Arieh Gertler
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

ABSTRACT Leptin, a pleiotropic adipokine, is a central regulator of appetite and weight and a key immunomodulatory protein. Although inborn leptin deficiency causes weight gain, it is unclear whether induced leptin deficiency in adult wild-type animals would be orexigenic. Previous work with a potent competitive leptin antagonist did not induce a true metabolic state of leptin deficiency in mice because of a short circulating half-life. In this study, we increased the half-life of the leptin antagonist by pegylation, which resulted in significantly increased bioavailability and retaining of antagonistic activity. Mice administered the pegylated antagonist showed a rapid and dramatic increase in food intake with weight gain. Resulting fat was confined to the mesenteric region with no accumulation in the liver. Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and hepatic aminotransferases remained unaffected. Weight changes were reversible on cessation of leptin antagonist treatment. The mechanism of severe central leptin deficiency was found to be primarily caused by blockade of transport of circulating leptin across the blood-brain barrier with antagonisms at the arcuate nucleus playing a more minor role. Altogether we introduce a novel compound that induces central and peripheral leptin deficiency. This compound should be useful in exploring the involvement of leptin in metabolic and immune processes and could serve as a therapeutic for the treatment of cachexia.
Abstract P385: Arterial Stiffness and Contralateral Differences in Ankle Blood Pressure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Hirofumi Tanaka, Natalia Gouskova, Michelle L Meyer, Kimberley Ring, Vijay Nambi, Gerardo Heiss
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: A large inter-arm difference in brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP) (&gt;10 or 15 mmHg) is strongly associated with elevated cardiovascular mortality. It is currently not known whether such contralateral differences in SBP occur in ankle blood pressure. Although contralateral differences in SBP have been attributed to peripheral vascular disease, physiologic factors such as arterial stiffness could also be at play. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of brachial and ankle contralateral SBP differences in a sample of community dwelling older adults, and to determine whether this difference is associated with arterial stiffness. Methods: A total of 2,413 adults (39% male, mean age of 75 years) from the ARIC study with proper consent and non-missing outcomes were included, after excluding 968 subjects with arrhythmias (N=763), BMI &gt;40 kg/m 2 (N=165), and missing covariates (N=40). The automatic vascular screening device was used to measure blood pressure simultaneously in the arms and ankles and to measure arterial stiffness by pulse wave velocity (PWV). PWV was assessed between the heart and ankle (haPWV), femoral artery and ankle (faPWV), and brachial artery and ankle (baPWV) in the right and left sides. The measurements were performed twice, and the results of the 2 readings were averaged. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine characteristics associated with contralateral differences ≥15 mmHg in brachial and ≥12 mmHg in ankle SBP. Results: The mean±SD absolute contralateral differences in brachial and ankle SBP were 0.25±4.95 and 0.17±10.12 mmHg. Prevalences of inter-brachial SBP differences &gt;10 and &gt;15 mmHg were 6.4% and 0.9% respectively; the corresponding prevalences for inter-ankle SBP were 25.6% and 11.7%. Height, body weight, ankle brachial index (ABI), and level of SBP were associated with larger inter-brachial SBP differences. Age, body weight, ABI, and contralateral differences in haPWV, faPWV, and baPWV were related to inter-ankle SBP differences. Inter-ankle SBP differences were associated with contralateral differences of ≥100 cm/s in haPWV (OR=2.9 [95% CI=1.9-4.4]), ≥200 cm/sec in faPWV (OR=2.1 [95% CI=1.3-3.3]), and ≥250 cm/sec in baPWV (OR=2.8 [95% CI= 1.9-4.0]). The associations remained nominally significant after adjustment for age, gender, height, body weight, current smoking, SBP, and ABI. Conclusions: Inter-ankle differences in SBP of 10 mmHg or greater and 15 mmHg or greater are common in older adults, namely 25% and 12%, respectively. The magnitude of inter-ankle, but not inter-brachial, differences in SBP in older adults is associated with measures of local/regional vascular elasticity.
Acute Monoarthritis
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Daniel G. Baker, H. Ralph Schumacher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Acute pain and swelling in a joint always require immediate evaluation. Although there are many other less-threatening causes of monoarthritis, inadequately treated infectious arthritis carries a risk of prolonged morbidity and even mortality. If untreated, some infections can destroy cartilage in as little as one to two days1. In this report we shall review the causes of acute monoarthritis and present an updated approach to diagnosis and treatment that should facilitate prompt identification of the patients requiring the most urgent and aggressive care.Differential Diagnosis of Acute MonoarthritisThe important conditions to be considered in the differential diagnosis of . . .
P08.50 Raman spectroscopy for the identification of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutated glioblastomas
Authors: L. J. Livermore, K. Lau, C. Scott, S. Larkin, P. Plaha, C. Vallance, O. Ansorge
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

of MRI, PET and NA in terms of distinguishing stable from progressive disease in an interdisciplinary neurooncological tumour-board.RESULTS: A statistically significant and high correlation was found for all testing procedures (MRI, PET and NA) among themselves and in relation to the TB (all p>0.01).Also over time, the TB maintained the statistically significant correlation with all testing procedures (all p>0.01).NA correlated with all testing procedures significantly (TB: r=0.69,CI 0.55-0.79;MRI: r=0.35,CI 0.13-0.55;PET10: r=0.44,CI 0.23-0.61;PET60: r=0.48,CI 0.28-0.64,all p>0.01) in general.The correlations with MRI and PET increased over time, reaching a statistical significance at last FU.Consistency of test procedures increased over time.In case of inconsistent results in multimodal testing, NA and PET matched more frequently with the TB than MRI.CONCLUSION: As a novel finding, a strong correlation of NA with the TB in general and with other testing modalities during consecutive FU could be demonstrated.These results may suggest that NA is not inferior as compared to MRI and PET in terms of correlation with the TB.Whenever multimodal testing revealed inconsistent results, NA and PET were more frequently in accordance with the TB than MRI.Our data encourages further research to improve NA in multimodal response assessment.
Grupo sanguineo dos Indios Guaranys
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NORMAL MIND.
Authors: J. SANDERSON CHRISTISON
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A FUNCTION OF DOGMA.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SELECTIONS.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Marriages
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal