tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What does the consumer know about nutrition?
Authors: H. E. Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Consumers in general show a lack of knowledge about the constitution of well-balanced diets and have an inadequate conception of common food sources of important nutrients. Considerable research data have accumulated over the years to document this conclusion. The Pillsbury Company's Nutritional Base Line Study has also revealed that the average housewife does not believe her family has a problem with nutrition. In my group's surveys, involving a wide range of research approaches, 80% to 90% of women reported that, in their judgments, their families obtain nutritionally adequate meals. But the homemaker's definition of a nutritionally balanced meal is actually poor. In a number of studies, consumers were asked to describe a nutritionally balanced meal; only about 50% came reasonably close. Thirty or forty percent leave out one or more of the basic foods that should be in a menu. Even for foods that have been well advertised as having
Abstract Report of Lectures on the Comparative Anatomy of Man
Authors: W. H. Flower
Journal: BMJ (1880)

<h3>Educational aims</h3> To review published epidemiological studies describing early determinants of airway function in early life. To summarise the influence of sex, ethnic group, socio-economic factors, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation and pre- and post-natal smoke exposure as determinants of airway function in infants. To describe the association between premorbid lung function and subsequent wheezing during the first few years of life. <h3>Summary</h3> Since the late 1980s there has been an increasing number of epidemiological studies designed to investigate the early determinants of airway function and wheezing illnesses in infants. Most, but by no means all, of these studies have commenced in the first month of life and some cohorts have now been followed up for at least 20 years.
Research on humans published in JAMA
Authors: George J. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am chairman of our hospital's bioethics committee and a past chairman of our hospital and medical school's institutional review board (IRB) (the committee that oversees research on human subjects). I am therefore interested in current research practices related to human subjects and in the practice of scientific journals that report research performed on humans. Three articles in the May 15, 1987, issue of<i>JAMA</i>raise questions in my mind about the adequacy of review by IRBs. In two of the articles I do not find mention of IRB review, while in the third article "no consent" was deemed necessary by the IRB. Research described by Bartholomew et al<sup>1</sup>was performed outside the United States, where IRB standards may be different from those inside the country. The research was a collaborative effort of foreign organizations and the US National Cancer Institute. It used blood specimens that
Medical Biographies: The Ailments of Thirty-Three Famous Persons.
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phytotherapeutic research
Authors: E Ernst
Journal: BMJ (1994)

one obvious implication is that the criteria for investigation of these elderly patients go down when there is a reltively non-invasive test" (A Dixon, personal communication).Of the four patients in their study who had possible carcinomas, one patient had dementia and the three others died soon after the investigation.It would be interesting to know how the computed tomography scans had altered the management of these patients.Sixty six elderly patients had this test in Cambridge in 1992.We perform about 1200 barium enemas in the Wolverhampton Hospitals each year.Last year we performed about 1150
Judicious Administration of Medication The Physician's Duty, FDA Director Says
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insurance and the Presymptomatic Diagnosis of Delayed-Onset Disease
Authors: O. W. J. Quarrell
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We read, with interest, the article by Brandt et al<sup>1</sup>in which they described the preliminary results of their predictive testing program for Huntington's disease. We agree that presymptomatic diagnosis of a neurodegenerative disorder, for which no effective treatment is available, raises a number of ethical and social issues. However, we are concerned that the statement "individuals may well be advised to be cautious about disclosing either their participation in testing or test results" may be interpreted by insurance companies as encouraging individuals to withhold information. In addition, the authors are worried about insurance companies discriminating against individuals based on the results of genetic tests. Any discussion of life insurance in relation to predictive tests must take account of reality, and whether we like it or not, insurance companies believe in discrimination. They assign individuals to a group; the members of that group have approximately
Natural history of nonalcoholic steathepatitis: A longitudinal study of repeat liver biopsies
Authors: Eduardo Fassio, Estela Álvarez, Nora Domínguez, Graciela Landeira, Cristina Longo
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis may cause severe fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, but supporting evidence is based on indirect data. Few publications have examined the results of repeat liver biopsies to evaluate progression of fibrosis. The aims of this study were to assess rate of fibrosis progression in untreated patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and to identify associated variables. Among 106 patients, a second liver biopsy was proposed to those who had undergone their first liver biopsy at least 3 years before. None of them had been given pharmacological therapy. Liver biopsy samples were evaluated blindly. Variables were compared between patients with (group P) and without (group NP) fibrosis progression, using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test for numerical variables and a difference of two binomial proportions for categorical ones. Twenty-two patients (median age, 45 years; age range, 20-69 years; 13 women; diabetes in 8 patients, obesity in 10 patients) underwent a second liver biopsy 4.3 years (range, 3.0-14.3 years) after the first. Fibrosis progression was found in 7 patients in group P (31.8%), no progression was found in 15 patients in group NP. There were no differences between both groups regarding age, gender, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ALT levels, AST-to-ALT ratio levels, albumin levels, prothrombin activity, steatosis, or inflammation. Obesity was significantly more prevalent in group P (86%) than in group NP (27%; P = .01). Basal body mass index was higher in group NP (median, 33.2; range, 29.1-38.2) than in group NP (median, 29.0; range, 24.0-38.1; P = .024). Time between biopsies was not different between groups. In conclusion, progression of liver fibrosis was found in a third of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients 4.3 years after the first liver biopsy, and obesity and body mass index were the only associated factors with such progression. (Hepatology 2004;40:820-826).
Energy Partitioning and Modeling in Animal Nutrition
Authors: R. Baldwin
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1995)

We first present a brief discussion of early and current models (feeding systems) used to estimate animal energy and protein requirements and to predict performance based on feed composition and intake. We then touch on some limitations inherent in these systems. Next, we propose that dynamic (i.e. time-variant) models and mechanistic models (i.e. equations based on knowledge of physiological functions) are superior to earlier systems for both practical and research applications. Finally, we describe a number of applied and research models of animal growth and lactation to illustrate how biological concepts may be represented in equation form. Equations that represent current knowledge of underlying functions can be used to improve predictions of animal requirements and performance and to evaluate hypotheses about nutritional and physiological mechanisms that influence animal performance.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Cholesterol depletion associated with Leishmania major infection alters macrophage CD40 signalosome composition and effector function
Authors: Abdur Rub, Ranadhir Dey, Meenakshi Jadhav, Rohan Kamat, Santhosh Chakkaramakkil, Subrata Majumdar, Robin Mukhopadhyaya, Bhaskar Saha
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)

Nat. Immunol. 10, 273–280 (2009); published online 8 February 2009; corrected after print 18 May 2009 In the version of this article initially published, the GenBank accession number for the Indian human immunodeficiency virus 2 isolate is incorrect. The correct accession number is DQ307022. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Dethrombotic and antithrombotic effects of glycoprotein llb/llla inhibitor tirofiban in an Ex vivo canine stent thrombosis model Vladimir Rukshin, Babak Azarbal, Vivian Tsang, Prediman K. Shah, Bojan Cercek, Sanjay Kaul. Sedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Forthcoming Meetings in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph Series “Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Man”
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1987)

Journal Article Forthcoming Meetings in the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monograph Series “Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Man” Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 79, Issue 4, October 1987, Page 909, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/79.4.909 Published: 01 October 1987
Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease
Authors: J. D. Band
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To determine the efficacy of rifampin prophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of<i>Hemophilus influenzae</i>type b and prevention of secondary<i>H influenzae</i>type b disease, we conducted a multicenter placebo-controlled trial among selected persons with invasive<i>H influenzae</i>type b disease. Households and day-care classrooms were randomized so that their members received either rifampin (initially at a dose of 10 mg/kg/dose for two to four days [rifampin-10], but subsequently at 20 mg/kg/dose for four days [rifampin-20]) or placebo. Pretherapy<i>H influenzae</i>type b colonization rates were similar in the treatment groups. Therapy with either rifampin regimen significantly reduced carriage (rifampin-20, 97%; rifampin-10, 63%; placebo, 28%). New acquisition of carriage was also significantly reduced by either rifampin regimen (rifampin-20 or rifampin-10, 2% v placebo, 6%). No rifampin-resistant<i>H influenzae</i>type b isolates emerged after treatment. Four of 765 placebo-treated contacts experienced secondary disease in contrast to zero of 1,112 rifampin-treated contacts. Because chemoprophylaxis of close contacts with rifampin seems to reduce significantly the risk of secondary<i>H influenzae</i>type b disease, we recommend the administration of prophylaxis in households or day-care classrooms where children younger than 4 years have been exposed to the disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:2381-2386)
Complement C5a receptors and neutrophils mediate fetal injury in the antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Guillermina Girardi, Jessica Berman, Patricia Redecha, Lynn Spruce, Joshua M. Thurman, Damian Kraus, Travis J. Hollmann, Paolo Casali, Michael C. Caroll, Rick A. Wetsel, John D. Lambris, V. Michael Holers, Jane E. Salmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is defined by recurrent pregnancy loss and thrombosis in the presence of antiphospholipid (aPL) Ab’s. Currently, therapy for pregnant women with APS is focused on preventing thrombosis, but anticoagulation is only partially successful in averting miscarriage. We hypothesized that complement activation is a central mechanism of pregnancy loss in APS and tested this in a model in which pregnant mice receive human IgG containing aPL Ab’s. Here we identify complement component C5 (and particularly its cleavage product C5a) and neutrophils as key mediators of fetal injury, and we show that Ab’s or peptides that block C5a–C5a receptor interactions prevent pregnancy complications. The fact that F(ab)′2 fragments of aPL Ab’s do not mediate fetal injury and that C4-deficient mice are protected from fetal injury suggests that activation of the complement cascade is initiated via the classical pathway. Studies in factor B–deficient mice, however, indicate that alternative pathway activation is required and amplifies complement activation. In contrast, activating FcγRs do not play an important role in mediating aPL Ab–induced fetal injury. Our findings identify the key innate immune effectors engaged by pathogenic autoantibodies that mediate poor pregnancy outcomes in APS and provide novel and important targets for prevention of pregnancy loss in APS.
Computer program may help in assessing genetic risk of cancer in primary care
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Community care of long stay psychiatric patients presents few problems Some attribute the increasing number of homeless people in Britain and the high profile killings by mentally ill people to the closure of psychiatric hospitals and the lack of alternative care.On the basis of a 13 year follow up study, Trieman et al (p 13) show the outcomes for former patients of two psychiatric hospitals and dispel some of the main concerns about their fate in the community.The authors say that a change in policy towards custodial care is unjustified as much as it is unrealistic.
Appendix I
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: Gunda Millonig, Helmut‐Karl Seitz, Sebastian Mueller
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We would like to answer the questions raised by Z. Z. Song in regard to our article "Extrahepatic Cholestasis Increases Liver Stiffness (Fibroscan) Irrespective of Fibrosis".1 We agree with the author that taking a liver biopsy after resolution of the biliary obstruction could complement our study if the question were to correlate absolute liver stiffness values with specific disease states of individual patients or demographic parameters. However, our study solely focuses on the important fact that a condition other than fibrosis or liver damage, such as extrahepatic cholestasis, leads to enormously increased liver stiffness that would be otherwise suggestive for progressed liver cirrhosis. Liver stiffness rapidly decreased or even normalized after restoration of bile flow in patients with extrahepatic cholestasis as well as in an experimental bile duct ligation model using pigs. Thus, each patient served as control for himself using sequential liver stiffness measurements, and the important message in our publication was to show dramatic changes in liver stiffness after resolution of biliary obstruction. The enormous decrease of liver stiffness of up to 9.1 kPa within 3-12 days and without significant elevation of aminotransferases cannot be explained by changes in the stage of liver fibrosis during this time. In addition, liver stiffness rapidly fell within 30 minutes after restoring the bile flow in our animal model. Given these facts, we think that in the setting of biliary obstruction there is hardly any argument for taking a liver biopsy that outweighs the risks associated with liver biopsy in cholestatic patients. The results of our study are important for defining optimized algorithms to noninvasively assess liver fibrosis by transient elastography but also to better understand the pathophysiology of increased intrahepatic pressure and increased liver stiffness. Gunda Millonig*, Helmut-Karl Seitz*, Sebastian Mueller*, * Department of Medicine and Center for Alcohol Research, Liver Disease and Nutrition, Salem Medical Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Learning disabilities: lagging field in medicine
Authors: E. R. Gonzalez
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Up to 16% of American children have diverse difficulties that seriously interfere with their school performance. Primary care physicians can be helpful to these children but need considerably more information and training in such problems. Semantics also presents difficulties. This was the consensus at a medical symposium on the need for interdisciplinary treatment of learning disabilities held as part of the recent Milwaukee International Conference of the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities (ACLD). At the symposium, a report was given on an unpublished survey conducted by the American Academy of Pediatrics. All of 60 randomly selected pediatricians stated that they see patients with learning disabilities in their practices, according to Janet O. Lerner, PhD, professor of special education at Chicago's Northeastern Illinois University, and Susan L. Cohn, a senior at the University of Illinois College of Medicine. But 73% did not think that they had received adequate preparation for
AUTHORS' REPLY
Authors: A. Webb, F. Millard
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Letters to the Editor patibility.The temporal relation in the fall in PEF and arterial oxygen tension during haemodialysis, confirmed by Dr Wu and his colleagues, supports our initial contention that changes in PEF may be due to the activation of inflammatory mediators con- sequent on the activation of complement, neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets after the blood-dialyser interaction, resulting in an increase in pulmonary arteriolar tone and ventilation-perfusion mismatch and a reduc- tion in tissue oxygen delivery.'This is sup- ported by data obtained during the reuse of cuprophan dialysers, when the expected fall in PEF' and arterial oxygen tension and increase in platelet activation were much less than when the dialyser was used the first time.3
Genetic Determinants of Plasma Von Willebrand Factor Antigen Levels: A Target Gene SNP and Haplotype Analysis of the ARIC Cohort
Authors: Marco Campos, Wei Sun, Fuli Yu, Maja Barbalic, Lloyd Chambless, Kenneth Wu, Christie Ballantyne, Aaron Folsom, Eric Boerwinkle, Jing-fei Dong
Journal: Blood (2010)
<i>Circulation Research</i> “In This Issue” Anthology
Authors: Ruth Williams
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

we inaugurated a new feature, the In This Issue page, which highlights articles that the editors feel are particularly important by providing a short synopsis written in a language that can be understood by the non-specialist.Our purpose in creating this new feature was two-fold: first, to call the attention of readers to important articles and, second, to enable all readers to grasp, easily and quickly, the significance of these papers.We believe that this initiative has been successful and, as a further service to our readers, provide below a compendium of these pages from 2010 &
Risk Calculations for HIV Transmission From Infected Health Care Workers-Reply
Authors: Audrey Smith Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We are grateful to Drs Gracely and Shelly for pointing out the exact method for computing upper bounds of rates based on the binomial distribution. Indeed, based on our data (no HIV transmission in 413 patients), we have 95% confidence that the true rate will not be higher than seven in 1000 patients (0.00722=1-[0.05<sup>1/413</sup>]) instead of one in 1000 stated in the article. The results presented in our article were derived using the normal approximation to the binomial proportion, which in this case, we agree, is not suitable due to the extreme values of the probability of seroconversion. The conclusion expressed in our article is not substantially affected in that the rate of HIV transmission during surgery is small and the precise quantification of the low risk may involve large studies similar to those done to assess the effectiveness of donated blood screening.<sup>1</sup>