tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of Radical Cations in Aromatic Hydrocarbon Carcinogenesis
Authors: Ercole Cavalieri, Eleanor Rogan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Carcinogenic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) involves two main pathways: one-electron oxidation and monooxygenation. One-electron oxidation produces PAH radical cations, which can react with cellular nucleophiles. Results from biochemical and biological experiments indicate that only PAH with ionization potentials below ca. 7.35 eV can be metabolically activated by one-electron oxidation. In addition, the radical cations of carcinogenic PAH must have relatively high charge localization to react effectively with macromolecules in target cells. Metabolic formation of PAH quinones proceeds through radical cation intermediates. Binding of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) to mouse skin DNA occurs predominantly at C-6, the position of highest charge localization in the BP radical cation, and binding of 6-methyl BP to DNA in mouse skin yields a major adduct with the 6-methyl group bound to the 2-amino group of deoxyguanosine. Studies of carcinogenicity by direct application of PAH to rat mammary gland indicate that only PAH with ionization potentials low enough for activation by one-electron oxidation produce tumors in this target tissue. These constitute some of the results which provide evidence for the involvement of one-electron oxidation in PAH carcinogenesis.
European Journal of Biochemistry, West Berlin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HOSPITAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH PSYCHONEUROTIC DISORDERS
Authors: DONALD M. HAMILTON, HEWITT I. VARNEY, JAMES H. WALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1942)

1. A study of 100 psychoneurotic women patients admitted to the New York Hospital, Westchester Division between 1927 and 1937 has been made. 2. A review of the family background revealed that these individuals came pre-dominantly from large families in which mental illness was present frequently among the antecedents (in 68 cases). 3. An analysis of the life histories revealed that the group as a whole enjoyed good physical health in infancy, but that they tended to be tense and insecure as indicated by the presence of neurotic traits in infancy in over one-half the cases. Half the patients were outgoing sociable and had many interests and these tended to do better under treatment than the other half who displayed narrowing of interests and shut-in personalities. 4. The study of the present illness demonstrated that: (a) Psychoneuroses tend to be of long duration before hospital treatment is instituted. (b) Identification with close relatives suffering from serious physical or mental illness was an etiological factor in the illness of over half the patients. (c) Almost one half the group had been subject to surgical procedures shortly before hospitalization. The complaints leading to operation were in many instances apparently the result of visceral tensions and hypochondriasis rather than important physical pathology. These patients were resistive to treatment. 5. The value of a full and varied program of activities supervised by the physician and fitted to the patients' needs and capacities, together with frequent psychotherapeutic interviews was substantiated by this study. 6. The average length of hospitalization was nine months. 7. Follow-up studies of 100 women with psychoneurotic disorders five to fifteen years after discharge revealed that 32 were recovered, 34 much improved, 17 improved making a total of 83 who had benefited by treatment (one of those discharged as much improved is not included as there has been a recurrence and she is now under treatment). 8. Two case histories illustrating some of the above points were presented.
Massive hemobilia from ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm
Authors: J. H. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Massive upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding can be a difficult problem, but recurrent massive hemobilia can be even more challenging. Such a case diagnosed in a small community hospital as a rupture of an hepatic artery aneurysm into the common bile duct was recently successfully treated. In addition, it is an example of what one can achieve by cooperative regional medical planning. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> This 67-year-old white woman was admitted to Hardin Memorial Hospital on Jan 24, 1970, for pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Two years previously she had had similar pains and no abnormality had been seen on cholecystograms. She was afebrile on admission with a pulse rate of 80 beats per minute and blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg. She was nauseated but tolerated a low fat diet for a day with a fever of 101 F appearing 12 hours
Reply
Authors: Hamish Innes, Andrew McAuley, David Goldberg, Sharon J. Hutchinson
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Potential conflict of interest: Dr. Innes is on the speakers' bureau for Gilead. We thank Dr. Braillon for his insights into our study,1 which to reiterate suggests that half the excess mortality among persons with hepatitis C in the United States is attributable to health risk behaviors (HRBs), and not hepatitis C. However, given a perception that HRBs are intractable in this population, he asks whether "the wisest attitude may be only the [sic] concern to cure a disease." In other words, can addressing HRBs in people with hepatitis C really represent a clinically effective and cost‐effective use of resources? Unfortunately, notwithstanding the number of potential beneficiaries (we estimate ∼39,000 excess deaths occur in the United States every year in people with hepatitis C1), this question has been paid scant attention. A recent systematic review could identify only two randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) for an alcohol reduction intervention in people with hepatitis C,2 while our own literature search for smoking‐cessation RCTs in this population drew a blank.1 Although a much larger evidence base exists for smoking/alcohol interventions in the general population, these studies may not be generalizable to people with hepatitis C. Not least because hepatitis C patients are sociodemographically and behaviorally distinct from the general population,1 but also because the hepatitis C care pathway may provide unique opportunities to intervene that do not apply to the general population. Indeed, we have previously speculated that sustained virological response may represent a "teachable moment" around which patients are more receptive to the notion of behaviour change3—thus intervening around this time point may be particularly advantageous. Dr. Braillon is also right to foreground the issue of tobacco smoking in persons with hepatitis C. His observations chime with a recent letter in The Lancet calling for more action to address tobacco dependence among people with hepatitis C.4 Specifically, Gartner et al. point out that the "roll out of national DAA treatment programmes creates an important opportunity to provide evidence‐based treatment of tobacco dependence to people living with HCV." The striking differences in smoking prevalence for persons with HCV versus without (see Fig. 1 from our study),1 together with our hypothesis that treatment may be an opportune time to address HRBs in this population,3 lends support and credibility to this view. But leveraging this possible "important opportunity" requires better awareness of these issues, especially among public‐health researchers with expertise in designing HRB interventions. We commend Dr. Braillon therefore for drawing attention to this matter.
Serum iron levels in ostensibly normal people
Authors: W. H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Serum iron measurements from 500 presumably healthy people showed that 6% had levels that were grossly elevated to 200μg/100 ml or above. Further studies of these serum samples disclosed a high incidence of abnormal liver function tests. Retesting the individuals with high serum iron levels showed that some had values within the normal range. Serum iron levels of 3,699 San Diego blood donors were 200μg or higher in 3.5%. The cause of the elevated serum iron levels was not established.
Potential Impact of Global Climate Change on Malaria Risk
Authors: Willem J. M. Martens, Louis W. Niessen, Jan Rotmans, Theo H. Jetten, Anthony J. McMichael
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The biological activity and geographic distribution of the malarial parasite and its vector are sensitive to climatic influences, especially temperature and precipitation. We have incorporated General Circulation Model-based scenarios of anthropogenic global climate change in an integrated linked-system model for predicting changes in malaria epidemic potential in the next century. The concept of the disability-adjusted life years is included to arrive at a single measure of the effect of anthropogenic climate change on the health impact of malaria. Assessment of the potential impact of global climate change on the incidence of malaria suggests a widespread increase of risk due to expansion of the areas suitable for malaria transmission. This predicted increase is most pronounced at the borders of endemic malaria areas and at higher altitudes within malarial areas. The incidence of infection is sensitive to climate changes in areas of Southeast Asia, South America, and parts of Africa where the disease is less endemic; in these regions the numbers of years of healthy life lost may increase significantly. However, the simulated changes in malaria risk must be interpreted on the basis of local environmental conditions, the effects of socioeconomic developments, and malaria control programs or capabilities.
Goodbye mercury
Authors: D. Sowby
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Erdheim-Chester diseaseDr Lee and his colleagues (April 2005 JRSM 1 ) describe a case of renal failure in which the radiographic appearance of bone pointed to Erdheim-Chester disease, a histiocytosis.Among the organs affected in this condition they mention pericardium.We think it important to emphasize the frequency with which heart, pericardium and great vessels are affected.Recording 6 new patients with cardiovascular involvement, Haroche et al. 2 have reviewed all 178 reported cases of Erdheim-Chester disease.56% had periaortic fibrosis, 44% pericardial infiltration and/or effusions and 31% myocardial infiltration.Interestingly, 6 patients had a right atrial myxoma.Of the 58 patients with follow-up data, 31% died from cardiovascular complications.
Disclosure does not improve somatisation in primary care
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Helicobacter pylori testing is useful only in high risk patientsHelicobacter pylori testing in primary care is useful only in those at higher risk of developing peptic ulcer disease and is of no value in those at lower risk Three simple points from a patient's history-smoking, pain on an empty stomach, and history of peptic ulcer disease-can distinguish between those at high risk and those at low risk of peptic ulcer disease.In their cross sectional study of 565 primary care patients in the Netherlands, Weijnen and colleagues (p 71) found that these three variables had odds ratios of 5.5, 2.8, and 2.0 respectively.In those found to be at higher risk using this scoring rule, the predictive value for the presence of peptic ulcer disease increased from 16% to 26% after a positive Helicobacter pylori test.
Notes of an Autumn Holiday in America
Authors: T. S. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1868)

MEDICAL 7OURAL,. 84, gave every indication of recent peritonitis.The liver was enlarged and congested.On cutting into the part of the rectum externml to the anus, it seemed a solid mass of flesh; but, on looking closely into it, a small contracted canal could be traced irregularly through the tumour.Beyond this, there was nothing to indicate tat it was intestine.
Circulation Research, New York
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The role of transjugular liver biopsy in fulminant liver failure: Relation to other prognostic indicators
Authors: B Donaldson
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Early and accurate diagnosis and prognosis of patients with fulminant liver failure is of critical importance for optimum management. We investigated the role of transjugular liver biopsy in the management of patients with fulminant liver failure and assessed its value in comparison with the recently proposed King's College criteria. Sixty-one patients with fulminant liver failure, ages 2 to 82 yr, were retrospectively analyzed. The main outcome measures were survival vs. death or progression to orthotopic liver transplantation. Transjugular liver biopsy was successful in 60 of 61 patients, with a mean core tissue length of 2.1 cm. There were eight minor complications, all of which were managed conservatively. Biopsy specimens were evaluated for degree of fibrosis, percentage of hepatocellular necrosis and presence of bile duct proliferation, hepatocellular mitotic figures and binucleate hepatocytes for each of the 54 specimens available for analysis. In 34 of 54 patients (63%), the presumed clinical diagnosis was confirmed by transjugular liver biopsy. In 11 patients the procedure served to clarify clinical uncertainty, whereas in 9 of 54 (16.7%) the diagnosis was altered after transjugular liver biopsy. The percentage of necrosis was the only histological parameter that appeared to have significant discriminatory prognostic value, with only 2 of 19 survivors having greater than 70% necrosis. Twenty-one of these biopsy specimens were reviewed by two pathologists, and their degree of correlation for the various features was assessed. Almost perfect concordance was found between the two pathologists on the percentage of hepatocellular necrosis. The King's College criteria correctly identified outcome in 100% of patients with acetaminophen-induced fulminant liver failure and in 91% of nonsurvivors and 82% of survivors with nonacetaminophen-induced fulminant liver failure. In six of eight nonsurvivors and two survivors with nonacetaminophen-induced fulminant liver failure, in whom the King's College criteria were inconclusive, the percentage of necrosis correctly predicted the outcome. These results indicate that transjugular liver biopsy is both safe and effective as an adjuvant to the King's College criteria in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with nonacetaminophen-induced fulminant liver failure. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1370–1374.)
Detection and surveillance of colorectal cancer
Authors: M. W. Ragozzino
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> <i>JAMA</i>was remiss in publishing the self-serving article entitled "Detection and Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer."<sup>1</sup>An accompanying editorial by Dr Clayman,<sup>2</sup>however, does note that "an objective observer would almost surely differ with the advice offered." The problem of colon cancer must first be placed in perspective. The general consensus is that colon carcinoma arises from adenomatous polyps. However, only 1% to 2% of polyps 6 mm to 1 cm are malignant and 5% of polyps 1 cm to 2 cm are malignant.<sup>3</sup>Search and biopsy/fulguration of polyps smaller than 5 mm "would result in immense monetary costs, as well as in mortality and morbidity rates of a degree ethically unacceptable in view of any potential benefits."<sup>4</sup> The sensitivity of double-contrast barium enema examination for detection of polyps larger than 1 cm is 82% to 98%.<sup>3</sup>The sensitivity of double-contrast barium enema
Responses to a payment policy denying professional charges for diagnostic imaging by nonradiologist physicians
Authors: B. J. Hillman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the impact of a payment policy denying reimbursement for the imaging-related professional services of nonradiologist physicians by comparing the use of and expenditures for diagnostic imaging examinations before and after implementation of the policy. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective economic evaluation of claims and expenditures for diagnostic imaging examinations filed by physicians practicing in the 20 US counties having the greatest number of United Mine Workers of America Health and Retirement Funds (hereafter referred to as Funds) beneficiaries. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Insurance claims database of Funds beneficiaries, most of whom are elderly and live in rural communities and small towns. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —The January 1,1993, implementation of a reimbursement policy denying payment of professional claims for diagnostic imaging of nonradiologist physicians. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Numbers and types of eligible claims and Funds payments for diagnostic imaging examinations during the year before and after the intervention, normalized for changes in the number of beneficiaries. <h3>Results.</h3> —Despite the rejection of $811 466 in claims disallowed by the policy, the Funds paid 12% more for diagnostic imaging performed in the 20 counties we studied during 1993 than during 1992. The Funds reimbursed 41% more claims per beneficiary for diagnostic imaging in 1993 than in 1992 (<i>t</i>=-8.03,<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). The absolute number of professional claims per beneficiary increased more than did technical or global claims. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Despite a payment policy designed, in part, to reduce the Funds' imaging-related expenditures, the physicians we studied filed more claims, leading to greater expenditures. An increased number of self-referred technical claims and greater referral to hospital radiology departments likely account for most of the observed increases in utilization and costs. (JAMA. 1995;274:885-887)
Clinical Update: Impact of HIV Protease Inhibitors on the Treatment of HIV-Infected Tuberculosis Patients With Rifampin
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In 1995 and 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved three products in the new protease inhibitor class of drugs--saquinavir (Invirase), ritonavir (Norvir), and indinavir (Crixivan). Another drug in this class of agents, nelfinavir (Viracept) (Agouron Pharmaceuticals), is expected to be available soon from the manufacturer through an expanded-access program. All four drugs, which inhibit HIV protease and thus interfere with viral maturation and replication, are the most potent antiretroviral agents available to treat patients with HIV disease. However, these protease inhibitors interact with rifamycin derivatives, such as rifampin and rifabutin, which are used to treat and prevent the mycobacterial infections commonly observed in HIV-infected patients. Rifamycins accelerate the metabolism of protease inhibitors (through induction of hepatic P450 cytochrome oxidases), resulting in subtherapeutic levels of the protease inhibitors. In addition, protease inhibitors retard the metabolism of rifamycins, resulting in increased serum levels of rifamycins and the likelihood of increased drug toxicity. This report describes approaches for managing patients who are candidates for or who are undergoing protease inhibitor therapy when tuberculosis (TB) is diagnosed and presents interim recommendations for managing these patients until additional data are available and formal guidelines are issued.
Data Error in Figures in: Association of Clopidogrel Pretreatment With Mortality, Cardiovascular Events, and Major Bleeding Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Meta-analysis
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Association of Clopidogrel Pretreatment With Mortality, Cardiovascular Events, and Major Bleeding Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
The abyss: sinking scores in internal medicine
Authors: B. B. Dan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

It is an experience unlikely to be forgotten by anyone who undertakes it: two grueling days of mental and physical exhaustion overlaid with the psychological stress that a poor performance may sabotage 7 previous years of hard work and the rest of one's career. It's probably not that bad, but at the time, to those taking the certifying examination for the American Board of Internal Medicine, it seems like it. The group examination usually takes place in a large lecture hall or classroom and subjects the examinees to 15 hours of more than 600 multiple true-false and single-best-answer questions. In the past, residents taking the "boards" had only one day of the "multiple-guess" questions and one day of patient-management problems. These problems were realistic simulations of patient encounters, in which physicians could "take" a medical history, "perform" a physical examination, and even "order" laboratory tests. These patient interactions were accomplished
St. Louis.
Authors: Wm. M. McPheeters
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Dr. H. Tuholske, who went abroad during the past summer in search of health, has not yet returned. <h3>DINNER TO THE "OLD GUARD."</h3> At a recent largely attended meeting of the medical profession of St. Louis, a committee was appointed to provide for a. dinner to be given before the close of the century to the members of the "old guard" of the medical profession in St. Louis and the State of Missouri. The particular members referred to in St. Louis are Drs. E. H. Gregory, John B. Johnson, Wm. M. McPheeters, Simon Pollack, Wm. Johnston and Thos. O'Reilly. These six are all that are left of the pioneers or the medical profession here. All have been in the harness, actively engaged in practicing medicine for sixty years or more, and living in St. Louis more than fifty years, and the medical profession looks forward to the occasion referred to