tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Graduate medical education reform. Service provision transition costs
Authors: J. J. Stoddard
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To analyze the potential strategies and costs of house staff substitution under a reformed system of graduate medical education. <h3>Design.</h3> —An economic model using two scenarios for substitution of house staff (residents and fellows): (1) a lower-cost model under which nonphysician providers assume many house staff responsibilities, but additional aspects of their workload are taken over by staff physicians, nurses, and ancillary personnel; and (2) a higher-cost traditional model that relies more heavily on staff physicians to replace house officers. <h3>Setting.</h3> —US teaching hospitals. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Projected net substitution costs of house staff on a per full-time equivalent basis and aggregate national cost estimates of substitution. <h3>Results.</h3> —Net annual house staff substitution costs were estimated to be $58000 and $77000 per replaced full-time equivalent house officer, respectively, under the two scenarios. Assuming elimination of approximately 23200 house staff under a reformed system, total (net) substitution costs to teaching hospitals were estimated at approximately $1.4 billion to $1.8 billion nationally on an annual basis. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Graduate medical education reform, while likely to result in substantial long-term cost savings, will necessitate transitions in service provision that are likely to generate some new costs in the short term. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:53-58)
Response
Authors: W. D.W. HESTON
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

might make axillary node staging unnecessary.In our report we used the first of these approaches because we could apply it to a very large data set (approximately 12 000 patients) without requiring clinical follow-up.In our predictive modeling efforts in patient sets for which we have detailed follow-up information, we are also examining the power of models for predicting relapse and survival that do and do not use information gained by axillary nodal staging.Interest in this question is sparked both because, for some patients, the necessity of axillary dissection might be eliminated and because neoadjuvant programs confound the axillary nodal status, making it impossible to use this classical powerful prognostic variable for predictive modeling.Issues of selection, reproducibility, and standardization of prognostic factors to be used in these models and validation of the models should be an integral part of the modeling process regardless of the approach taken.
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES AND CORTISONE
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of the Hyde Amendment
Authors: D. B. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Willard Cates, Jr, MD, "The Hyde Amendment in Action" (1981; 246:1109), represents a common misuse of statistical analysis and abuse of scientific "objectivity" to support a clearly political position. To his credit there is no misstatement of fact in the article, but there is a subtle distortion of data presentation that facilitates a misleading conclusion. Given the data as presented, it is easy to follow Cates' conclusion that the Hyde Amendment has had only a "minor impact on Medicaid-eligible women who wanted to terminate their pregnancies." Dr Cates has based his conclusion on an analysis of the total population of Medicaid-eligible women with unwanted pregnancies. However, 85% of these women were unaffected by the Hyde Amendment because they lived in states that continued to provide funding for abortion. If, as Cates did, one includes these women with the 15% who did not have access
Correction
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

The article reported cumulative emergent ETVr through years 1 (1 child) and 2 (3 children) of treatment, giving resistance rates of 0.6% and 2.6%, respectively.These genotypic resistance data were generated by a contract laboratory for the study sponsor Bristol-Myers Squibb.Subsequently, these data were reassessed after the study sponsor discovered genotyping discrepancies and data nonreproducibility during its review of additional ETVr data from the same contract laboratory.When original laboratory specimens were retested at the in-house Bristol-Myers Squibb virology laboratory, only 2 children were found to have developed ETVr, both in year 2, giving a cumulative ETVr rate of 1.3%.Neither child had reported prior exposure to anti-hepatitis B virus therapy (including lamivudine) or evidenced detectable baseline resistance substitutions.Notably, both children had high baseline hepatitis B virus DNA (8 log 10 IU/mL) and persistent viremia (3 log 10 IU/mL) on-treatment with ETV post-week 48.We appreciate that in-house retesting might be construed as having the potential to add bias to the study.However, we believe the corrected rate represents the most accurate ETVr point estimate based on study data.We chose to repeat this work at the Bristol-Myers Squibb virology laboratory because (1) results generated there have been verifiable and reproducible over many studies and (2) ETVr data from this laboratory on six phase 2 and 3 trials have been previously published in HEPATOLOGY, (1,2) where the findings were accepted without question.Another article describes in detail the methods and research on ETVr conducted by this laboratory. (3)
National multi-center epidemiological study on prevalence and treatment of cancer-related symptoms
Authors: A. A. Novik, T. I. Ionova, S. A. Kalyadina, A. V. Kishtovich, D. A. Fedorenko, S. X. Wang, C. S. Cleeland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

17048 Background: This outcome measure of cancer-related symptoms was conducted in Russia in 2005–2006 to have a better understanding of the current status of symptom management among patients with advanced cancer. Specific aims of this study are to describe the prevalence of pain, fatigue, and other cancer-related symptoms among cancer patients being treated in multiple sites across Russia and to assess current symptom treatment and response to it across different centers. Methods: The sample size included 500 patients with advanced cancer from 10 cancer centers: male/female - 216/284, mean age 53.6. Symptom status was assessed using M.D. Anderson Symptom Inventory and Brief Pain Inventory at two time points. We used descriptive statistics to describe symptom prevalence and severity. Pain Management Index (PMI) was calculated for each patient to examine whether or not analgesics were prescribed to treat pain according to the World Health Organization's guidelines for cancer pain management. Results: The following distribution of patients according to the malignancies was observed: breast cancer (31%), hematological malignancies (30%), lung cancer (19%), gastrointestinal tumors (13%), gynecological tumors (8.4%), others (3%). As a result, the most severe symptom was fatigue (4.2) ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 across the centers. Its prevalence was 85 %. Other pronounced symptoms were pain (3.4; ranging from 0.9 to 7.0 across the centers), distress (3.0), sadness (2.9), and sleep disturbance (2.9) with their prevalence of 65.8%, 71.8%, 71.6%, and 70.0% respectively. Out of the total sample, 130 patients had only mild symptoms and 360 - at least one symptom as moderate-to-severe. Among them there were 136 patients who had 5 or more moderate- to-severe symptoms and 13 patients who had 10 or more such symptoms. Fatigue was treated only in 131 patients (26%, including blood transfusion and erythropoietin therapy); among them the decrease in fatigue level was achieved in 35% patients. Inadequate pain management was provided for 43% of patients. Conclusions: The results of this symptom outcome study provide the initial data on symptom control in Russia and allow establishing the framework for identifying the patients who experience poor symptom assessment and management. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A prospective randomized trial comparing epirubicin monochemotherapy to two fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and epirubicin regimens differing in epirubicin dose in advanced breast cancer patients. The French Epirubicin Study Group.
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1991)

The French Epirubicin Study Group carried out a randomized trial comparing epirubicin alone 75 mg/m2 with fluorouracil (5FU) 500 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, and epirubicin 50 mg/m2 (FEC 50) and 5FU 500 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, and epirubicin 75 mg/m2 (FEC 75) as first treatment for advanced breast cancer patients. Patients were stratified according to whether or not there were bone metastases only. Four hundred twelve patients entered this trial; 378 were assessable for tolerability and 365 for efficacy. The overall response rates were comparable between FEC 50 (44.6%) and FEC 75 (44.7%), but both were better than the epirubicin alone (30.6%) (P = .04 and P = .0006, respectively). The complete response rate was better in FEC 75 (15.5%) than in FEC 50 (7%) (P = .025) or epirubicin (4%) (P = .002). Similar results were obtained in the group of patients without bone-only metastases. No difference in the three treatments was observed in the patients with bone metastases only. Mean durations of response were similar in the three groups, being 412 days, 440 days, and 350 days for FEC 50, FEC 75, and epirubicin, respectively. Patients without previous adjuvant chemotherapy fared better than those with previous treatment (without anthracyclines). Tolerability was fair in the three groups. Overall, the epirubicin-alone group showed better tolerance than the two other groups, which did not differ significantly. Time to progression and survival were not different among the three groups, but more early relapses occurred in the epirubicin and FEC 50 groups; survival seemed to be better during the first 8 months in the FEC 75 group, and the survival difference between the epirubicin group and the FEC 75 group was of borderline significance. No difference in survival was observed between epirubicin- and FEC 50-group patients, even though the response rate was significantly worse in the monochemotherapy group.
Preventive health care for adults with HIV infection
Authors: J. F. Jewett
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the level of evidence for preventive health interventions for adults with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —A MEDLINE literature search for each intervention, supplemented by reviewing conference proceedings and the recommendations of experts. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —English-language studies of interventions that contribute to one of the following goals were reviewed: (1) prevention of complications of HIV infection; (2) early detection of complications, before symptoms develop, at a stage in which early treatment could lead to improved outcome; (3) slowing of HIV disease progression; (4) reduction in the risk of transmission of infectious agents, such as HIV itself; and (5) prevention of psychological distress and improvement in the quality of life. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —The importance of interventions and quality of supporting evidence were evaluated using criteria modified from the US Preventive Services Task Force. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —Existing evidence strongly supports the efficacy of some preventive measures: primary and secondary<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia prophylaxis; secondary prophylaxis of<i>Cryptococcus, Toxoplasma</i>, and cytomegalovirus infections; tuberculin testing, with chemotherapy for individuals with positive test results; syphilis screening; Papanicolaou tests; educational measures to reduce the transmission of HIV and other infections; T-lymphocyte monitoring; and antiretroviral therapy in selected patients. Recommended measures of possible, but less certain, effectiveness include vaccines to prevent influenza,<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>, pneumococcal, and hepatitis B infections; prophylaxis for recurrent esophageal and vaginal candidiasis; primary prophylaxis of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>complex; tuberculosis prophylaxis for anergic, high-risk individuals; routine physical examination; screening for gonorrhea and<i>Chlamydia</i>in high-risk women; monitoring<i>Toxoplasma</i>titers, complete blood cell counts, and serum chemistry values; attempting to maintain weight through nutritional interventions; and exercise. Mental health and substance abuse interventions are probably very important, but documentation of their benefits is limited. Some measures require further study before they can routinely be recommended, including vitamin and mineral supplementation; specific nutritional diets; and laboratory tests, other than CD4 counts, for monitoring disease progression. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Persons with HIV infection have different stage-specific health maintenance needs that form an important part of comprehensive care for people in all stages of infection. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1144-1153)
SURGERY FOR CRIMINAL TENDENCIES
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Investigational Exemption Procedures for New Drugs-Reply
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"A TECHNIC FOR THE REPAIR OF RELAXED OR LACERATED PERINEUM"
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SPED Activities: Research Activities Promoted Under the Auspices of SPED
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Sociedade Portuguesa de Endoscopia Digestiva since its foundation aims at promoting and stimulating research in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy. In fact this is reflected in its statutes and consecutively all Directive Boards during the years included in their specific purposes the promotion of research projects both by the implementation of specific projects or by financing through grants SPED associates' research interests. Moreover, the dissemination of the results of research projects of Portuguese researches; and the development of teaching activities in the field of scientific methodology and communication were achieved.
Barium Enemas Relieve Meconium Blockage
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decrease of hepatic triglyceride lipase levels and increase of cholesteryl ester transfer protein levels in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: Relationship to abnormalities in high-density lipoprotein
Authors: H Hiraoka
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are often increased in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. To elucidate the mechanism of the elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in this disease, lipoprotein abnormalities were analyzed in 10 patients subdivided into two groups according to concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Activities and protein masses of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic triglyceride lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein were also determined. Serum highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol concentration exceeded 90 mg/dl in 5 of 10 patients. Lipoprotein particles in the high-density lipoprotein2 fraction (with density between 1.063 and 1.125 gm/ml) were enriched with apolipoprotein E and larger in size than those of normal controls. In patients with and without hyperalphalipoproteinemia, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was significantly decreased (p < 0.05); this was due to the reduction of its protein mass. Lipoprotein lipase activity and protein mass were normal. It is noteworthy that increases in cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity and mass were observed. The enhancement of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity was more remarkable in the patients with hyperalphalipoproteinemia than in those without hyperalphalipoproteinemia. Because a significant postive correlation was demonstrated between activity and protein mass (r = 0.90, p <0.001), the increase of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity may be attributed to the increase of its protein mass. These data suggest that the decrease of hepatic triglyceride lipase levels at least partly explains the appearance of apolipoprotein E–rich large high-density lipoprotein particles in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Considering that the deficiency of cholesteryl ester transfer protein has been shown to cause marked hyperalphalipoproteinemia with similar abnormalities of high-density-lipoprotein particles, the increase of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity in primary biliary cirrhosis with hyperalphalipoproteinemia is peculiar and interesting, although its mechanism remains unknown. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:103–110).