tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of Amplified Genes by Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors
Authors: Minako Nagao, Michie Nakayasu, Shizu Aonuma, Hiroshi Shima, Takashi Sugimura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, benzamide (BA), was found to induce flat revertants of NIH 3T3 cells that had been transformed by human Ha-ras, rat Ki-ras, rat c-raf, and human ret-II. These genes had been amplified in original transformants, but they were completely eliminated by BA. Contrary to this, endogenous activated Ha-ras in a human bladder carcinoma cell line, T24, was not eliminated by BA. The gene loss seemed to be restricted to exogenous and/or amplified sequences. BA also eliminated the amplified c-myc gene in HL-60 cells, concomitant with differentiation into granulocytes. We demonstrated that the amplified c-myc gene was not present as episomes. It is probably present as double minutes or a homogeneously staining region. Dimethylsulfoxide also induced differentiation at a concentration that did not inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The cell lost the c-myc gene in association with this differentiation. The amplified c-myc gene in a colon adenocarcinoma cell line, COLO 320HSR, and the amplified mdr-1 gene in an adriamycin-resistant myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562/ADM, were not eliminated by BA. Various poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors also eliminated human Ha-ras in the NIH 3T3 transformant and the c-myc gene in HL-60 cells.
Psychotherapy
Authors: H. Wolff
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Inhalation of secondhand smoke (SHS) causes several diseases, including lung cancer. Tobacco smoking is a known cause of oral cancer; however, it has not been established whether SHS also causes oral cancer . The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association between SHS exposure and the risk of oral cancer. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic review and meta-analysis study (following the PRISMA guidelines) was developed to examine the studies reporting on the associations of SHS and the risk of oral cancer, employing a search strategy on electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Open Grey, and ProQuest databases for dissertations) until 10 May 2020. Meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed using random-effect models. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020189970). <h3>Results</h3> Following the application of eligibility criteria, five studies were included, comprising a total of 1179 cases and 5798 controls, with 3452 individuals exposed and 3525 individuals not exposed to SHS. An overall OR of 1.51 (95% CI 1.2o to 1.91, p=0.0004) for oral cancer was observed, without significant heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>=0%, p=0.41). The duration of exposure of more than 10 or 15 years increased the risk of oral cancer (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.54 to 2.79, p&lt;0.00001), compared with non-exposed individuals, without significant heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>=0%, p=0.76). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This systematic review and meta-analysis supports a causal association between SHS exposure and oral cancer. Our results could provide guidance to public health professionals, researchers, and policymakers to further support effective SHS exposure prevention programs worldwide.
Simultaneous occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi's sarcoma, and B-immunoblastic sarcoma in a homosexual man
Authors: R. L. Burkes
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The most common manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome include<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia and/or Kaposi's sarcoma. High-grade B-cell lymphomas have also been reported in homosexual men at risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We herein present the case of a homosexual man, who presented simultaneously with<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia, acute cytomegalovirus infection, Kaposi's sarcoma, and B-cell immunoblastic sarcoma. Severe compromise of both the B- and T-cell arms of the immune system was documented. The patient had evidence of exposure to the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus III, evidence of reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus infection, and cytomegalovirus inclusions within Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. We conclude that exposure to these viral agents in the setting of severe immunocompromise may have led to the observed "opportunistic" neoplasms. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3425-3428)
Transplantation
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The three principal struts of transplantation are organ preservation, immunosuppression, and tissue typing. Major pragmatic advances have been made possible by improved static preservation with the University of Wisconsin solution. The safe preservation limits for all organs, but particularly the liver, have been greatly increased since 1987. The most important ingredients of the University of Wisconsin solution are thought to be the impermeants that prevent cell swelling. Two research directions are identifiable in the literature—one, eliminate unneeded constituents of the University of Wisconsin solution, and the other, increase the additives, which already number more than 10.<sup>1</sup> The growth of transplantation during the last decade owes much to cyclosporine. The use of cyclosporine with steroids, to which other agents can be added in more or less elaborate cocktails, made possible the transplantation of cadaveric kidneys, livers, hearts, and other organs with an effectiveness scarcely dreamed of 10 years ago. Yet,
Book Review Electrosurgery . By Howard A. Kelly, M.D., LL.D., F.A.C.S., Baltimore, Maryland, and Grant E. Ward, M.D., F.A.C.S., Baltimore, Maryland. 305 pages with 382 illustrations by William P. Didusch and others. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1932. Cloth, $7.00 net.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1933)
Otolaryngology
Authors: Robert Thayer Sataloff
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>Otolaryngology</i>by Seth R. Thaller and Mark S. Granick has been published this year as part of Williams and Wilkins'<i>Diagnostic Diagrams</i>series. This book is intended for medical students or nonotolaryngology house officers performing clinical rotations in otolaryngology. It can be read easily during a two- to four-week rotation and provides a reasonably good overview of otolaryngology, emphasizing topics of greatest importance for clinicians in other specialties. No such text can be complete. In this volume, the authors have discussed in reasonable detail such common problems as hearing loss, vertigo, tinnitus, epistaxis, hoarseness, and sore throat. Their review of head and neck cancer has been limited to important diagnostic points (perhaps a bit too limited), and detailed discussions of head and neck surgery and cosmetic facial plastic and reconstructive surgery have been excluded. The chapters are concise and read like expanded lecture notes. For the intended purpose, this style
Crack
Authors: Mark S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The increasing availability and use of "crack," a potent, smokable form of cocaine, is worrying because of the drug's extremely high potential for causing addiction and serious health problems. Drug dealers in many areas have switched from selling cocaine hydrochloride powder to selling crack: tiny crystalline chunks or "rocks" of freebase cocaine that are typically smoked in a glass water pipe (<i>Time</i>, June 2,1986, pp 16-18). There is an urgent need to inform physicians and other health professionals about this problem, but to our knowledge no reports on crack have yet appeared in the medical literature. We now report data from a recent survey of crack users who called our "800-COCAINE" national hotline<sup>1</sup>and voluntarily consented to an anonymous research interview. A random sampling of 458 primary cocaine users who called the hotline during May 1986 revealed that 144 (33%) were using crack. The majority of
Circumcision
Authors: S. A. Montgomery
Journal: BMJ (1935)

A preterm female infant presented with intractable hypoglycaemia within 10 minutes of delivery. Normoglycaemia could be maintained only by the intravenous infusion of glucose at a rate of 20-22 mg/kg/min. Persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy was diagnosed from an inappropriately raised plasma insulin concentration (33 mU/l) at the time of hypoglycaemia (blood glucose &lt; 0.5 mmol/l). Medical treatment with glucagon, somatostatin, and diazoxide led to only a modest reduction in the intravenous glucose requirement; a 95% pancreatectomy was performed and histological 9nesidioblastosis9 confirmed. In vitro electrophysiological studies using patch clamp techniques on isolated pancreatic beta cells characterised the ionic basis for insulin secretion in nesidioblastosis. The beta cells were depolarised in low ambient glucose concentrations with persistently firing action potentials; these were blocked reversibly by the calcium channel blocking agent verapamil. Persistent postoperative hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia was treated with oral nifedipine. This increased median blood glucose concentrations from 3.5 to 4.8 mmol/l and increased in duration the child9s tolerance to fasting from 3 to 10.5 hours. These data allude to an abnormality in the ionic control of insulin release in nesidioblastosis and offer a new logical approach to treatment which requires further evaluation.
Investor-related academic health center: an uncertain courtship?
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Preserving M. more than two millenia of medical tradition in today's competitive health care market-place is the challenge now faced by university-affiliated physicians and hospital administrators. To consider what many find the most expedient approach to the problem, a "Conference on the Investor-Related Academic Health Center and Medical Education" was held recently in Phoenix under the sponsorship of the American Medical Association, American Hospital Association, and Association of American Medical Colleges. The event was organized by the AMA's Section on Medical Schools. Co-chairs of the planning committee were John E. Chapman, MD, dean, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn, and Stanley S. Bergen, Jr, MD, president, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark. The meeting's subtitle, "An Uncertain Courtship," seems to characterize a situation in which poor-but-honest nonprofit teaching hospitals are increasingly finding themselves not only succumbing to the blandishments of wealthy, acquisitive investor-owned health care corporations
Assistant Surgeons
Authors: G. G. Crowe
Journal: BMJ (1969)

before a doctor can be regarded as properly trained for general practice.While I would not disagree that there has been a growing need for a definite schedule of vocational training, need the schedule be so long, so poorly paid, so comprehensive, and so in- volved that it becomes unrelated to what a general practitioner really needs to know ?It also effectively excludes other doctors working outside the National Health Service-for example, in H.M. Forces-where there is no provision for extensive training in general practice as a junior medical officer ; and the questions in the examination which are con- cerned mainly with administrative aspects of the National Health Service-for example, mental, social, and geriatric services, etc.the Service medical officer does not become familiar with.And, anyway, what advantage would membership have for a Service general practitioner ?-I am, etc.,
HMO market penetration and hospital cost inflation in California
Authors: J. C. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) have stimulated price competition in California hospital markets since 1983, when the state legislature eliminated barriers to selective contracting by conventional health insurance plans. This study measures the impact of HMO-induced price competition on the rate of inflation in average cost per admission for 298 private, non-HMO hospitals between 1982 and 1988. <h3>Data.</h3> —HMO market penetration was calculated using discharge abstract data on insurance coverage, ZIP code of residence, and hospital of choice for 3.35 million patients in 1983 and 3.41 million patients in 1988. Data on hospital characteristics were obtained from the American Hospital Association and other sources. <h3>Results.</h3> —HMO coverage grew from an average of 8.3% of all admissions in local hospital markets in 1983 to 17.0% of all admissions in 1988. The average rate of growth in costs per admission between 1982 and 1988 was 9.4% lower in markets with relatively high HMO penetration compared with markets with relatively low HMO penetration (95% confidence interval, 5.2 to 13.8). Cost savings for these 298 hospitals are estimated at $1.04 billion for 1988. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Price competition between HMOs and conventional health insurers can significantly reduce hospital cost inflation if legislative barriers to selective contracting are removed. The impact of competition in California was modest, however, when evaluated in terms of the 74.5% average rate of California hospital cost inflation during these years. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2719-2723)
Letter: Blow-out fracture.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

TABLE I-Mean (± S.E.) Concentrations of Potassium and Sodium in Fruit J7uices before Passage through Column of Zerolith and Concentrations after Passage Potassium Sodium (mmol/l) (mmol/l) Apple Juice Grape Juice Apple JuiceGrape Juice Before passage 28-2 ±1-5 22-7±3 0 1 0±0 1 6 0±0-5After passage of: 1 bottle (0-75 1).00 0.0 0-8 0 5 2bottles (1-5 1).00 00 00 07 3 bottles (2-25 1).0-8 0-8 0 5 1.0 4 bottles (30 1) 1-5 1-2 0 5 1-5 4-7 bottles (3-5 1).30 2-9 0-6 1-5 5 bottles (3-75 1). 4-14-0 0-8 1-5Conversion: SI to Traditional Units-Potassium: 1 mmol/l= 1 mEq/l.Sodium: 1 mmol/l 1 mEq/l.TABLE II-Concentrations of Potassium and Sodium in 5 ml of Fruit Juices before and after Hand-mixing with Zerolit Potassium Sodium Zerolith in Mix (mmol/l) (mmol/l) (g) Apple JuiceGrape Juice Apple Juice Grape Juice
Preclinical Testing Of a Novel Axl-Kinase Inhibitor In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Maria Göbel, Michael Möllmann, André Görgens, Ulrich Dührsen, Joachim Rudolf Göthert, Bernd Giebel, Carsten Schultz-Fademrecht, Anke Unger, Bert Klebl, Axel Choidas, Jan Dürig
Journal: Blood (2013)
Announcements
Authors: Juan Rode ´s, Vicente Arroyo, Luis Micieces, Jordi Bruix -Barcelona, Yung-Chi Cheng -New Haven, Anuchit Chutaputti - Bangkok, Graham Cooksley -Herston, Gary Davis -Dallas, John Fung -Pittsburgh, Sheung-Tat Fan -Hong Kong, Gish -San Francisco, Mark Kane -Seattle, Hsiang-Fu Kung -Hong Kong, Ching-Lung Lai -Hong Kong, Sum Lee - Seattle, Laurentius Lesmana -Jakarta, Zai-Ping Li, Yun-Fan Liaw -Taipei, Stephen Locarnini -Melbourne, Anna Lok -, Ann Arbor, Michael Manns -Hannover, Patrick Marcellin -Clichy, G Mccaughan -Camperdown, George Mcdonald -Seattle, Amin Nanji -Philadelphia, Nikolai Naoumov -London, Kunio Okuda - Memorial) -Chiba, Masao Omata -Tokyo, Alan Perelson -New, Teerha Mexico, Barbara Piratvisuth -Bangkok, Shir Rehermann -Mary- Land, Sarin -New Kumar, Teresa Delhi, Wright -San Francisco, Craig Shapiro -Beijing, Daniel Shouval -Jerusalem, Jack Wands - Providence, Roger Williams -London, Khin Maung, Win Yangon, Meng-Chao Wu, Yi Yuan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Premarital AIDS testing: public policy abandoned at the altar
Authors: S. C. Joseph
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In detailing the impact over 6 months of the legislatively mandated premarital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening program in Illinois, Turnock and Kelly's<sup>1</sup>article in this issue ofThe Journalis an important effort by a public health agency to subject a legislative initiative to a comprehensive impact analysis. The article establishes that eight seropositive individuals were identified out of 70 846 applicants for marriage licenses, at an estimated cost of $2.5 million. After analyzing the economic, social, and public health implications of the program, the article concludes that Illinois' experience with premarital HIV screening shows mandatory or publicly supported HIV antibody screening of low-prevalence populations is not cost-effective and has no positive impact on disease prevention. This adds firm evidence to the impressions in other localities attempting or considering such programs. In New York City, premarital HIV screening was one of a range of public policy issues that
Journal of Neurochemistry, London
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for breast cancer with breast self-examination. A critical review
Authors: M. S. O'Malley
Journal: JAMA (1987)

We reviewed evidence regarding breast self-examination (BSE) and screening for breast cancer. To our knowledge, no controlled prospective trial links BSE to lives saved from breast cancer. Compared with clinical breast examination and mammography, the estimated sensitivity of BSE is low (20% to 30%) and is lower among older women. The potential sensitivity of BSE should be higher because women can detect small lumps (0.3 cm) in silicone models. Instruction increases BSE frequency over the short term. Sensitivity also increases, but specificity decreases. The psychological effects of teaching and performing BSE are not yet clear. The cost of screening by BSE is unknown but depends on the accuracy of the test as well as the training method used. Breast self-examination has potential as a screening test for breast cancer, but many questions require scientific examination before this procedure can be advocated as a screening test for breast cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2196-2203)
A doctor's dilemma
Authors: B. Spector
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A doctor's dilemma continues to be one of the characteristic features accompanying the growth and development of medicine. When a clinician evaluates emotion, when a biochemist talks about the Krebs cycle, when a physicist discusses neutrons, there is a reasonable background of controlled experience. When, however, a physician talks about mind and spirit he gets into a traffic snarl, intellectually and emotionally. Why this dilemma? From the early Greek period to the present day it has been a truism that the facts elicited from a careful history-taking constitute solid ground for making a diagnosis. These same facts, moreover, are inevitably bathed in a milieu of mind and spirit. As a consequence, a humane doctor recognizes the phosphorescence of meanings which emanate from the areas where body, mind, and spirit overlap. Indeed, this kind of humaneness may make the difference between an evaluation of an electrocardiogram per se and its evaluation
Patient-reported physical, emotional, and social functioning in advanced breast cancer: Insights from BOLERO-2.
Authors: Denise Aysel Yardley, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Fabienne Lebrun, J. Thaddeus Beck, Patrick Neven, Jose Baselga, Katarina Petrakova, Shaker R. Dakhil, Silvia Sabatini, Anna Komorowski, Edmond Emilien Chouinard, Robyn R. Young, Michael Gnant, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Jie Zhang, Ryan Ziemiecki, Thomas Brechenmacher, Tanya Taran, Tarek Sahmoud, Shinzaburo Noguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

155 Background: The phase III BOLERO-2 study at 18 months’ median follow-up showed that everolimus (EVE) + exemestane (EXE) significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs EXE alone in 724 patients with hormone receptor–positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) with recurrence/progression during/after nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI) therapy. A higher rate of grade 3/4 adverse events was noted with EVE + EXE but was not associated with deterioration in quality of life (QOL) based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health Status scale. Additional patient-reported post hoc analyses of QOL are reported herein. Methods: During BOLERO-2, QOL (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23) was assessed at baseline and q 6 wk thereafter until progression or discontinuation. Physical, emotional, and social functioning subscales of QLQ-C30 were analyzed. Time to definitive deterioration (TTD) was defined based on either a 5% (protocol-specified) or a 10-point (more stringent) decrease from baseline for each subscale and analyzed by Kaplan-Meier methods. The difference between treatments was assessed by a log-rank test stratified by randomization factors. Results: QLQ-C30 compliance was &gt;80% at week 48. Among the 3 protocol-specified QLQ-C30 subscales, analyses based on a 5% decrease in QOL showed a longer TTD for both physical and emotional functioning in the EVE + EXE group vs EXE alone (log-rank p = 0.0120 and p = 0.0277, respectively). The TTDs for social functioning were similar in both treatment arms (log-rank p = 0.3374). Analyses based on a 10-point decrease indicated a longer TTD for physical functioning in the EVE + EXE group (15.2 mo) vs EXE alone (9.7 mo; log-rank p = 0.0211). The TTDs for emotional and social functioning were similar between EVE + EXE and EXE alone: 13.9 vs 13.8, respectively (log-rank p = 0.4023), and 11.5 vs 9.5, respectively (log-rank p = 0.2507). Conclusions: The treatment goal for ABC is to maximize clinical benefit with minimal negative effects on QOL. These additional BOLERO-2 QOL analyses confirmed that the more than doubling of PFS with EVE + EXE was accompanied by maintained physical, emotional, and social functioning compared with EXE alone in patients with HR+ ABC progressing after NSAI. Clinical trial information: NCT00863655.
Abortion — 1995
Authors: B R Gottlieb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

On December 30, 1994, a man walked into two abortion clinics in Brookline, Massachusetts, and opened fire, killing two employees and wounding five others. Acts of violence have occurred in health care settings before. Medical providers, particularly mental health practitioners and emergency room staff, have been injured or killed while carrying out their clinical responsibilities. In health care settings in the United States, however, nothing compares with the systematic violence visited upon abortion clinics. Although elective abortion has been legal for more than 20 years, abortion has become much more than a medical issue. Like the choice to provide medical . . .