tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Africa and the biology of human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: R. G. Marlink
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The routine study of biologic variables used for monitoring the "competence" of the immune system has expanded in recent years, partially due to the expansion and monitoring of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. Many hospital and commercial laboratories now commonly provide T-lymphocyte subset analyses, and the placement of intradermal antigens for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) testing is no longer reserved for a panel of control antigens in tuberculin skin testing or for the rare preoperative immune evaluation. Even prior to this expansion, studies in cohorts of gay men<sup>1,2</sup>and intravenous drug abusers,<sup>3,4</sup>two high-risk groups for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, have shown that certain immunologic alterations may be present in these individuals without prior exposure to HIV. It has been proposed that these alterations may be due to previous or repeated exposures to other infectious agents and may influence the infectivity or the pathogenic potential of HIV
Difference in persistence of efficacy of two antiemetic regimens on acute emesis during cisplatin chemotherapy. The Italian Group for Antiemetic Research.
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, double-blind, multicenter study of 287 cancer patients treated for the first time with high-dose cisplatin chemotherapy who were randomly assigned to receive three consecutive cycles of the same antiemetic treatment consisting of ondansetron plus dexamethasone, or metoclopramide plus dexamethasone and diphenhydramine. RESULTS Patients who received the ondansetron combination achieved significantly greater complete protection from vomiting, but not from nausea, in all three cycles of chemotherapy than did patients treated with metoclopramide (78.7% v 59.6%, P &lt; .002 during the first cycle; 73.4% v 51.0%, P &lt; .002 during the second cycle; 73.7% v 47.5%, P &lt; .001 during the third cycle). The ability of ondansetron treatment to protect patients from vomiting during the first cycle did not change in subsequent cycles, but decreased significantly as far as complete protection from nausea and from both nausea and vomiting are concerned. With the metoclopramide combination, a significantly greater reduction of complete protection from vomiting, nausea, and both nausea and vomiting was detected. Protection obtained in previous cycles of chemotherapy was the most important prognostic factor. Adverse events were significantly less frequent with ondansetron treatment during the three cycles of chemotherapy and no cumulative toxic effects were found with either treatment. CONCLUSION Ondansetron plus dexamethasone was significantly more efficacious and better tolerated than metoclopramide plus dexamethasone and diphenhydramine during three cycles of chemotherapy and, in contrast to the metoclopramide regimen, the efficacy of ondansetron plus dexamethasone, at least for vomiting, is maintained in subsequent cycles.
European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food 2012 published
Authors: Collective Eurosurveillance editorial team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Preview this article: European Union Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food 2012 published, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/12/art20748-en-1.gif
Contents
Authors: Elizabeth Sidhartha, Preeti Gupta, Jiemin Liao, Yih-Chung Tham, Carol Cheung, Mingguang He, Tien Wong, Tin Aung, Karen Schaal, Claudine Pang, M Pozzoni, Michael Engelbert, Christopher Lee, Joon Woo, Yong-Kyu Kim, Jin Hwang, Hae Kang, Hyesun Kim, Sung Lee, Shin Yoshitake, Tomoaki Murakami, Takahiro Horii, Akihito Uji, Ken Ogino, Noriyuki Unoki, Kazuaki Nishijima, Nagahisa Yoshimura, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Gabriele Lang, Frank Holz, Reinier Schlingemann, Paolo Lanzetta, Pascale Massin, Ortrud Gerstner, Si Bouazza, Haige Shen, Aaron Osborne, Paul Mitchell, Gábor Deák, Jan Lammer, Sonja Prager, Georgios Mylonas, Matthias Bolz, Allen Thach, Linda Yau, Carol Hoang, Lisa Tuomi, Akiko Miki, Naoshi Kondo, Suiho Yanagisawa, Hiroaki Bessho, Shigeru Honda, Akira Negi, Jennifer Lim, Adam Glassman, Lloyd Aiello, Usha Chakravarthy, Christina Flaxel, Richard Spaide, Erich Strauss, Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg, Menno Van Lookeren Campagne, Phillippa Cumberland, Isabelle Russell-Eggitt, Jugnoo Rahi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2014)
Atheromatous Embolism
Authors: ROBERT S. ELIOT, VLADIMIR I. KANJUH, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1964)

From ulcerated atheromatous arterial lesions, crystals of cholesterol (cholesterol embolism) or larger fragments of atheromas (atheroembolism) may be dislodged. Such emboli may originate either in the aorta or in any of the major systemic arteries and lodge in their small ramifications. Atheromatous embolism may yield states varying from those of subclinical nature to those of obvious arterial occlusion. Myocardial ischemia or infarction, small strokes, cutaneous nodules, splenic infarction, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal failure, and peripheral gangrene are among the clinical manifestations when arteries are occluded by emboli originating in atheromas of the aorta. Syndromes resembling polyarteritis nodosa and bacterial endocarditis may result from widespread embolism to small arteries.
p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates IL-8 expression in human pulmonary vascular endothelial cells
Authors: S. Hashimoto, K. Matsumoto, Y. Gon, S. Maruoka, I. Takeshita, S. Hayashi, T. Koura, K. Kujime, T. Horie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The effectiveness of new diagnostic tools for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE), such as clinical probability assessment, plasma D-dimer (DD) measurement and lower limb venous compression ultrasonography (US), has not been specifically studied in patients with a suspected PE occurring during hospital stay. This study applied a sequential, decision analysis-based strategy adding these instruments to a ventilation/perfusion lung scan in a cohort of 114 consecutive inpatients clinically suspected of PE in order to establish in how many patients a pulmonary angiogram could thereby be avoided. A definitive diagnosis could be established by the noninvasive protocol in 61% of these patients: normal/near-normal lung scan, 14%; high probability lung scan, 19%; clinical probability combined with lung scan result, 18%; and US, 8%. Specificity of DD was only 7% and contributed to the exclusion of PE in only two patients. Pulmonary angiography was required in 39% of patients. The 3-month thromboembolic risk in patients in whom PE was excluded by the diagnostic process was 0% (95% confidence interval 0-4.9%). In conclusion, a noninvasive work-up for suspected pulmonary embolism is effective in hospitalized patients, allowing to forego angiography in 61% of them, and it appears to be safe, although this should be further investigated. In contrast to outpatients, D-dimer measurement appears to be useless in hospitalized patients.
OC-064 Low incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in Barrett's oesophagus—time to rethink surveillance guidelines?
Authors: F Yousef, S Bhat, H G Mulholland, D McManus, B T Johnston, A T Gavin, L J Murray
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Barrett9s oesophagus (BO) is a premalignant lesion of the oesophagus that predisposes to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Currently, widespread endoscopic surveillance of BO is undertaken in an attempt to detect and treat OAC at an early stage. The cost effectiveness of such surveillance is highly dependant on OAC risk in BO. However, the reported incidence of OAC in BO varies widely due to a lack of robust population-based studies and controversy over BO definition. The aim of this study was to examine the risk of OAC in one of the largest population based registers of BO worldwide. <h3>Methods</h3> The Northern Ireland Barrett9s oesophagus Register (NIBR) includes every adult diagnosed with BO (columnar lined oesophagus) in Northern Ireland between 1993 and 2005. The register was constructed by examining pathology reports from all oesophageal biopsies taken during this period. Information was collected on length of BO segment, presence of endoscopically visible segment, presence of specialised intestinal metaplasia (SIM), and degree of dysplasia seen. Incident OAC cases were identified by matching the NIBR with the Northern Ireland cancer registry. Deaths were identified by matching with death files from the Registrar General9s Office. BO patients were followed up until the end of December 2005 and patients with &lt;12 months follow-up were excluded from analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 7585 BO patients were followed up for an average of 5.02 years. The incidence (95% CI) of OAC per 100 person years was 0.18 (0.14, 0.23) and for combined events (OAC and high-grade dysplasia) the rate was 0.23 (0.19, 0.28). In robustly defined BO patients with evidence of a clinically visible segment and histologically confirmed SIM, OAC incidence was higher at 0.29 (0.21, 0.40) and 0.41 (0.31, 0.54) for combined events. OAC and HGD risk was further elevated in males and in patients with long segment BO, hiatus hernia or low-grade dysplasia (LGD). However, if the analysis was restricted to the robust definition of BO, only patients with LGD were at a heightened risk of these outcomes. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The risk of OAC in BO in this study is lower than previously reported, indicating that the currently recommended surveillance strategies for the detection of OAC in BO may not be cost effective. Limiting surveillance to those with LGD may improve the cost effectiveness of surveillance, however, this would miss a substantial portion of cancers. Further research into tissue biomarkers, optical recognition of dysplasia, endoscopic therapy for dysplasia and neoplasia is eagerly awaited.
LANOLIN DEKMATITIS.
Authors: ETAIN CRONIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article LANOLIN DEKMATITIS. Get access ETAIN CRONIN, M.R.C.P. ETAIN CRONIN, M.R.C.P. Senior Lecturer, Professorial Unit, The Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 3, 1 March 1966, Pages 167–174, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12196.x Published: 01 March 1966
Krebs Cycle
Authors: Veneta Masson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Ad Libitum20 June 2017Krebs CycleVeneta Masson, RN, MAVeneta Masson, RN, MAFrom Washington, DC.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M17-0374 Audio Reading - “Krebs Cycle” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Krebs Cycle," by V. Masson. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail the sequence of reactions by whichliving cells generate energyI remember as if it were yesterdaycramming in the libraryhours before the examwhen, in a Zen-like flashthe Krebs cycle manifested itselfin stunning clarity.I rushed into classspilled out what I knewenergized, euphoriconly half-believing that a revelationof this magnitudehad been entrusted to me.I couldn't contain it for long.A curtain fellmy understanding cloudedonce again blurring the border ofscienceand mystery.Every few years I've cycled backtrying to recapture that thingI once grasped—... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Washington, DC.Current Author Address: Veneta Masson, RN, MA; e-mail, veneta.[email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Krebs Cycle” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Krebs Cycle," by V. Masson. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 June 2017Volume 166, Issue 12Page: 911KeywordsBlindnessCellsLibraries ePublished: 20 June 2017 Issue Published: 20 June 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Functional Electron Microscopy, ‘‘Flash and Freeze,’’ of Identified Cortical Synapses in Acute Brain Slices
Authors: Carolina Borges-Merjane, Olena Kim, Peter Jonas
Journal: Neuron (2020)

(Neuron 105, 992–1006.e1–e6; March 18, 2020) In the original version of the Supplemental Information of this paper, the electron micrographs in the fourth column of Figure S1D were a repetition of the bottom subpanel in the second column. This has now been corrected online, with the fourth column of Figure S1D now deleted. The authors apologize for this oversight.Figure S1related to Figure 1. Specific labeling and channelrhodopsin expression in hippocampal granule cells (original)View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Functional Electron Microscopy, “Flash and Freeze,” of Identified Cortical Synapses in Acute Brain SlicesBorges-Merjane et al.NeuronJanuary 9, 2020In BriefBorges-Merjane et al. apply functional EM (“flash and freeze”) to acute slices and organotypic slice cultures, probing vesicle pool changes at multiple time points during synaptic transmission at an identified cortical synapse, the hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapse. Full-Text PDF Open Access
Environmental signaling: a biological context for endocrine disruption.
Authors: A O Cheek, P M Vonier, E Oberdörster, B C Burow, J A McLachlan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Endogenous and exogenous chemical signals have evolved as a means for organisms to respond to physical or biological stimuli in the environment. Sensitivity to these signals can make organisms vulnerable to inadvertent signals from xenobiotics. In this review we discuss how various chemicals can interact with steroid-like signaling pathways, especially estrogen. Numerous compounds have estrogenic activity, including steroids, phytoestrogens, and synthetic chemicals. We compare bioavailability, metabolism, interaction with receptors, and interaction with cell-signaling pathways among these three structurally diverse groups in order to understand how these chemicals influence physiological responses. Based on their mechanisms of action, chemical steroid mimics could plausibly be associated with recent adverse health trends in humans and animals.
News and Notices
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 103, Issue 1 p. 124-126 News and Notices First published: July 1980 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb15856.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume103, Issue1July 1980Pages 124-126 RelatedInformation
SENSATIONALISM AND CRIMINAL SUGGESTION.
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The nationwide cancer genome screening project in Japan, SCRUM-Japan GI-SCREEN: Efficient identification of cancer genome alterations in advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: N. Izawa, C. Morizane, H. Takahashi, M. Ueno, Y. Kawamoto, N. Okano, S. Shimizu, K. Sudo, S. Itoh, A. Asagi, Y. Kagawa, K. Kamata, T. Kudo, S. Nomura, T. Kuwata, S. Fujii, W. Okamoto, K. Shitara, A. Ohtsu, T. Yoshino
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Smallpox eradication. A global appraisal
Authors: P. F. Wehrle
Journal: JAMA (1978)

OF ALL communicable diseases limited to man, few have the attainable prospect of complete and permanent eradication. Of those few, smallpox has provoked the greatest interest. In 1801, Jenner<sup>1</sup>entertained the prospect of eradication soon after demonstrating the efficacy of vaccination in protecting the susceptible individual. Despite the early and continuing interest in this possibility and the control or even successful eradication in some individual countries, the first systematic international program was proposed in 1949 by Soper,<sup>2</sup>then director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Failure of the individual country efforts and increasing incidence of disease in the Americas facilitated the adoption and implementation of a resolution to approve such a program. Budgetary provision was made in 1950 by the 13th Pan American Sanitary Conference.<sup>3,4</sup> The lessons learned in this and in the subsequent global program are important in understanding the success in the imminent total global eradication
JAMA Pediatrics
Authors: Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Shannon Sparenga, Nicole Balin, Miriam Cintron, Paul Ruich, Diane Cannon, Connie Manno, Fred Marshall, Laura Copyreaders, Catherine Adamczyk, Stephanie Alden, Jan Beckmeyer, Mary Clavey, Roya Coerver-Connolly, Laura Khatiblou, Juliann King, Donna Tarsney, Caroline Thordsen, Wanda Assistant, Larry Bryant, Monica Mungle, Elaine Williams, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Fanny Brown, Paul Frank, Peter Kim, Rachell Lozano, Michaela Mark, Kathryn Muskovich, Kate Pezalla, Gale Saulsberry, Michael Berkwits, Michelle Kurzynski, Eric Butkus, Christopher Hastings, Craig Mccaffrey, Reuben Rios, Ronna Henry, Joshua Bird, David Song, Deputy Livingston, Thomas Cole, Marla Hall, Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis, Joseph Thornton, Preeti Malani, Deanna Bellandi, Jim Periodical, Thomas Staff, Monica Smith, Jeffery Bonistalli Manager, Kathy Russell, Mirna Monal, Tim Melroy, Thalia Moss, Mike Harvey, Susan Henning, Mark Thornbury, Tricia Castellano, Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian Mccartney, David Baum, Rebecca Haas, Christine Hearne, Irma Millie, Lara Marketing, Matt Herron, Elizabeth Solaro, Geoffrey Flick, Paul Gee Managers, Rick Bell, Michael Mcgraw, Sara Nagy, Romando Rossini, Stacy Staff, Millette Jackson-Bates, Karen Adams-Taylor, Karl Elvin, Sue Sherrill, Brian Shields Managers, David Antos, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Jaye Mize, Annemarie Neff, J Neff, Sean O'donnell, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'leary, Susan Price, Denise Steinhauser, Production Services, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Timothy Burke, Daniel Degroot, Jordynn Farrar, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Dexter Golden, Erin Hinchcliff, Noemi Rivera, Geneine Van, Someren Composition, New Media, Gail Barrett, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Amy Evers, Teri Hutchison, Mary Kuranda, Joshua Lampinen, Patricia Panek, La Son, Diggs Sledge, George Thomson Graphics, Joe Amft, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Daniel James, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, James Madara, Bernard Hengesbaugh, Dimitri Christakis, Alain Joffe, Ron Keren, Suzanne Shuey, Peter Cummings, Howard Bauchner, Frederick Rivara, Samir Shah, Joyce Lee, Ann Arbor, Jay Berry, Cherrie Boyer, San Francisco, Maria Britto, John Campo, Aaron Carroll, Indiana Frank, Joseph Chaloupka, Mitchell Cohen, Kathleen Janz, Iowa City, Terry Klassen, Michigan Michelle, Huckaby Lewis, Aaron Milstone, Shawn Rangel, Martha Sola-Visner, Jean-Claude Carel, Shabir Madhi, Ben Marais, Frank Oberklaid, Susan Sawyer, Joan-Carles Surís
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)
Darbepoetin α, quality of life and fatigue in outpatients in chemo-radiotherapy
Authors: M. P. F. Libutti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8190 Background: Anemia occurring in cancer patients undergoing Chemotherapy and or Radiotherapy causes Fatigue and changes in QOL and Performance Status. Methods: 48 Anemic OutPatients with hemoglobin conc. >=9 and <=11 g/dl were enrolled in a 12 week study and treated with darbepoetin alfa (F/M = 28/20) Age: 36–73 . The most common cancer types were Breast (42%) Lung (20%) Colon (15%) Ovarian(10%) Brain (5%) Prostate (4%) Others (4%). Pts. received darbepoetin alfa at 2.25 mcg/Kg Q1W until Hgb conc.= 12 g/dl. or limiting adverse events (1 Gastrointestinal and 1 Myalgia). A Linear Analogue Self Assesment Scale was given at monthly interval to determine the level of Hgb at which the Self Improved Energy and well being sensation was reached. Neither Iron supplementation was given nor foline. Red Blood Cells Count and Hb serum conc. test were performed at 7–10 days intervals. Foglio1 \(\underline{\mathrm{CONCLUSIONS:}}\) Results demonstrate a linear relationship between Hb level increments and Self Assessed Sensation of Well Being. No well being improvements sensations were recorded at Hb levels >12 g/dl. but the subjective effect of darbepoetin alfa on fatigue and QOL seems to last even after discontinuation .This effect seems to be related to the longer half-life of the molecule. The Study is ongoing trying to assess the best impact of Hb concentration on QOL with a higher numbers of patients and a more significant statistical analysis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.