tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
School-Associated Violent Deaths in the United States, 1992 to 1994
Authors: S. Patrick Kachur
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To conduct the first nationwide investigation of violent deaths associated with schools in the United States, to quantify the risk of school-associated violent death, and to identify epidemiologic features of these deaths. <h3>Design.</h3> —Descriptive case series. <h3>Setting.</h3> —United States, July 1, 1992, through June 30, 1994. <h3>Methods.</h3> —School-associated violent deaths were identified by study collaborators and through 2 online news databases. Police reports, medical examiners' records, and interviews with police and school officials provided detailed information about each case. <h3>Results.</h3> —In a 2-year period, 105 school-associated violent deaths were identified. The estimated incidence of school-associated violent death was 0.09 per 100 000 student-years. Students in secondary schools, students of minority racial and ethnic backgrounds, and students in urban school districts had higher levels of risk. The deaths occurred in communities of all sizes in 25 different states. Homicide was the predominant cause of death (n=85 [80.9%]), and firearms were responsible for a majority (n=81 [77.1%]) of the deaths. Most victims were students (n=76 [72.4%]). Both victims and offenders tended to be young (median ages, 16 and 17 years, respectively) and male (82.9% and 95.6%, respectively). Approximately equal numbers of deaths occurred inside school buildings (n=31 [29.5%]), outdoors but on school property (n=37 [35.2%]), and at off-campus locations while the victim was in transit to or from school (n=37 [35.2%]). Equal numbers of deaths occurred during classes or other school activities (n=46 [43.8%]) and before or after official school activities (n=46 [43.8%]). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —School-associated violent deaths were more common than previously estimated. The epidemiologic features of these deaths were similar to those of homicides and suicides that occur elsewhere. A comprehensive approach that addresses violent injury and death among young people at school and elsewhere in the community is suggested. (<i>JAMA</i>1996;275:1729-1733)
Combining active immunotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in prostate cancer.
Authors: Harpreet Singh, Ravi Amrit Madan, William L. Dahut, Julius Strauss, Myrna Rauckhorst, Sheri McMahon, Christopher Ryan Heery, Jeffrey Schlom, James L. Gulley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e14008 Background: Results of recent clinical trials have intensified interest in immunotherapy in oncology. A number of cancer immunotherapies have been approved recently, while others are in late stage clinical development. The poxvirus-based active immunotherapy, PROSTVAC is generally well tolerated and is currently being evaluated in a global Phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ipilimumab, an approved immune checkpoint inhibitor in melanoma, is also being evaluated in a Phase 3 trial in chemo-naïve mCRPC. Methods: Results of two Phase 2 trials in men with mCRPC who were treated with PROSTVAC alone were compared with results from a Phase 1 combination study in mCRPC patients treated with PROSTVAC plus escalating doses of ipilimumab. Patients were enrolled in the Phase 1 combination study when docetaxel was the only FDA-approved mCRPC treatment that improved overall survival (OS). Results: In a multicenter Phase 2 trial, 125 men were randomized 2:1 to receive PROSTVAC or placebo. Patients treated with PROSTVAC had improved OS compared to placebo (25.1 vs 16.6 months; HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.37-0.85).Similar data was seen in a second phase 2 trial of PROSTVAC, where 32 patients with mCRPC had a median OS of 26.6 months (predicted median OS by the Halabi nomogram was 17.4 months). In a Phase 1 combination study of 30 mCRPC patients with similar baseline characteristics (predicted median OS of 18.5 months), patients were treated with PROSTVAC plus escalating doses of ipilimumab. The observed median OS was 31.3 months for all dose cohorts and 37.2 months for patients treated at 10 mg/kg based on updated overall survival data. Furthermore, there appears to be a tail on the curve with approximately 20% of patients at 10 mg/kg alive at 80 months. Conclusions: The comparison of data from three independent trials of PROSTVAC active immunotherapy in three similar patient populations provides hypothesis-generating data that the addition of an immune checkpoint inhibitor may have a positive effect on overall survival through a potential synergy in mechanism of action. The updated long term survival data is further evidence of improved OS with PROSTVAC. Future randomized trials are being planned to prospectively evaluate this hypothesis. Clinical trial information: NCT00113984.
Primary disseminated pulmonary aspergillosis with metastatic skin nodules. Successful treatment with inhalation nystatin therapy
Authors: J. S. Vedder
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The diagnosis of extensive pulmonary aspergillosis with multiple metastatic skin lesions was established in a 3 1/2-year-old female child who had had no prior debilitating disease. The hyphae of<i>Aspergillus</i>were identified in both the skin and lung biopsies. In addition,<i>A fumigatus</i>was cultured from the lung biopsy material. A reversal and clearing of the disease process occurred in both the lungs and skin after a few weeks of aerosol nystatin therapy. Measurable levels of nystatin were found in the blood after inhalation therapy, but no nystatin could be measured after oral administration alone.
Oregon: a better method to reallocate resources?
Authors: C. J. Schramm
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Fisher et al<sup>1</sup>discuss a method they have devised for identifying and measuring excess capacity in Oregon's hospital system. According to the authors, if Oregon's public policymakers applied this method to the state's hospitals, they could eliminate excess capacity (ie, close excess hospital beds) from the health care system. They would thus free substantial sums of money that could then be reallocated and used in ways that would obviate the need for Oregon's prioritization list of condition-treatment pairs. The method discussed by Fisher et al curtails opportunities for inappropriate care without declining to cover specific treatments and without attempting to contain costs by setting limits on total health care expenditures. Excess hospital capacity promotes economic inefficiencies that may have adverse consequences on the availability of See also p 1925. medical care. When monies are used to maintain inflated health care infrastructures, underutilized support
Longitudinal Observations of Serum IgE and Skin Prick Test Response
Authors: Marie-Pierre Oryszczyn, Isabella Annesi, Françoise Neukirch, Marie-France Doré, Francine Kauffmann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The objective of the study was to assess skin prick test and IgE changes in a working population surveyed 5 yr apart and to determine whether age and smoking habits modify these changes. SPTs were performed on 223 subjects by the same method and common allergens (a mixture of grass pollens and a mixture of 95% house dust and 5% house dust mite). IgE measurements were done in duplicate by the same technique at each survey. A SPT-positive response at the first survey was highly predictive of a positive value at the second survey. The prevalence of positive SPT significantly increased in 5 yr (from 17.5 to 24.7%). A strong correlation was observed between IgE levels 5 yr apart (r = 0.92), and the IgE level appeared very stable. The initial IgE level was significantly greater among the converters than in consistently negative subjects (92.3 versus 30.1 IU/ml). Conversely, the initial IgE level was lower for the reverters than in consistently positive subjects (36.8 versus 97.0 IU/ml). In SPT negatives, non- and exsmokers had a greater decrease in IgE than current smokers (p = 0.06). IgE level appears to be a good predictor of SPT changes for both conversion and reversion. The IgE level appears very stable in midadulthood, which suggests that the adult environment may play a small effect in IgE level.
UEGW 2010 Report. Putting endoscopy into perspective
Authors: I. Papanikolaou, T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

The 18th United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW), held in Barcelona in October 2010, marked a return to the traditional “stand-alone” UEGW meeting after the previous year's combined congress format of GASTRO 2009. Various abstracts on endoscopic subjects were presented, providing a unique opportunity for those interested in gastrointestinal endoscopy to not only become acquainted with the latest advancements and research in the field, but also to meet and exchange experiences with colleagues from all over the world. This report will focus mainly on oral presentations, with a few selected poster presentations, which will be reviewed briefly in the context of recent literature in the respective fields of gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Editors' Picks
Journal: Circulation (2011)

The following articles are being highlighted as part of Circulation 's Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the “Editors' Picks” for each issue of Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology published in 2009 and 2010.
When the scalpel sharpens the pen
Authors: Frank G. Slaughter
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The curiosity of the public about things medical is probably greater than on any other single subject—except perhaps sex. Fortunately, a novelist willing to undertake the grueling discipline necessary to learn his trade can combine the two to his considerable benefit. And if he is lucky enough to have had a medical education and the experience of practice, with the understanding of human nature which these always generate, his chances of success are considerably increased. When does the story-telling instinct begin? Perhaps at conception; certainly the capacity to recognize instinctively those dramatic situations which lie at the heart of all fiction, whatever the medium, seems to be the only part of the writer's skill that cannot be learned. And even when it exists, it must be sharpened. Storytellers are always story-lovers. My own love affair with dramatic stories undoubtedly began when, while still a small boy, I discovered a stack
The town-gown syndrome
Authors: R. G. Petersdorf
Journal: JAMA (1987)

By the "town-gown syndrome" I mean the frictional interface between practicing physicians in private practice in a community and the full-time faculty of the medical school. Usually the syndrome involves faculty in clinical departments, although medical school administrators, hospital directors and staff, and sometimes even university administrators are involved. Basic science faculties are usually spared. The basis for the town-gown syndrome is fundamentally economic. Practicing physicians resent that full-time faculty, who derive at least part of their income from the university, compete with them for patients. Practitioners also object to the fact that academic practices are subsidized because they are carried out in university facilities. The practicing community views the academic practitioner as "unfair competition" with which they as taxpayers (in the case of state-supported medical schools) or contributing alumni (in private medical schools) should not have to contend. In fact, the economic competition between academic clinicians and private practitioners
PSYCHIATROGENIC ILLNESS
Authors: A. H. CHAPMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The term psychiatrogenic may be used in referring to problems and symptoms precipitated by psychiatric attention or treatment. Such difficulties may occur as the result of interview treatment, electroshock treatment or exposure of patients to psychiatric hospital procedure and diagnostic techniques. The current widespread increase of psychiatric treatment is to be commended, but the psychiatrogenic hazards that accompany it should be recognized.
Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Stimulatory Effects of Sulfur and Nitrogen Oxides on Carcinogen Activation in Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Authors: Despina Constantin, Kalika Mehrotra, Anwer Rahimtula, Peter Moldeus, Bengt Jernstrom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The occurrence of inflammatory processes and of cancer in the human respiratory tract is intimately associated.One of the major factors in this is probably the recruitment of and stimulated activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) in conjunction with the ability of these cells to convert various carcinogens to their ultimate active metabolites.In this study, we demonstrate that nitrite and sulfite, the major dissolution products of the environmental pollutants nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in water enhance the metabolic activation of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8- dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-7,8-dihydrodiol), the proximal carcinogen of benzo[alpyrene, to trans-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10tetrahydrobenzo[alpyrene (BPDE) and tetraols, the corresponding hydrolysis products, in human PML prestimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate.Nitrite was more efficient than sulfite in stimulating the formation of reactive intermediates of BP-7,8-dihydrodiol in PML that covalently bind to extracellular DNA and, in particular, to intracellular proteins.The mechanism by which sulfite stimulates the metabolism of BP-7,8-dihydrodiol most probably involves the intermediate formation of a sulfur trioxide radical anion (SO 3 )the subsequent formation of the corresponding sulfur per- oxyl radical anion ( OOSO ) in the presence of oxygen.The mechanism underlying the stimulatory action of nitrite is less clear but the major path- way seems to involve myeloperoxidase.These results offer an explanation for the increased incidence of lung cancer in cigarette smokers living in urban areas.The major glutathione transferase (GST) isoenzyme in human PML is GST P1-1, a Pi-class form.The GST activity of PML was found to be inversely correlated with the extent of binding of BP-7,8-dihydrodiol products to exogenous DNA.These results suggest that individuals exhibiting high GST-activity in the PML may be better protected against the type of carcinogenic dealt with in this study.-
Schenk's Theory. The Determination of Sex.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Global Atmospheric Change: Potential Health Effects of Acid Aerosol and Oxidant Gas Mixtures
Authors: Jerold A. Last
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Inhalation toxicology experiments in whole animals have demonstrated a remarkable lack of toxicity of sulfuric acid in the form of respirable aerosols, especially in rats and nonhuman primates. Thus, much of the current experimental emphasis has shifted to the evaluation of the potential health effects of acid aerosols as components of mixtures. Rats have been concurrently exposed to mixtures of ozone or nitrogen dioxide with respirable-sized aerosols of sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, or sodium chloride, or to each pollutant individually. Their responses to such exposures have been evaluated by various quantitative biochemical analysis of lung tissue or wash fluids ("lavage fluid") or by quantitative morphological methods ("morphometry"). Such studies have mainly been performed in the acute time frame due to the inherent limitations of the most sensitive assays available and have generally involved exposures for 1 to 9 days, depending on the assays used. Good correlations were found between the most sensitive biochemical indicators of lung damage (protein content of lung lavage fluid or whole lung tissue and lung collagen synthesis rate) and the exposure concentration of oxidant gas present alone or in mixtures with acidic aerosols showing interactive effects. Synergistic interaction between ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol was demonstrated to occur at environmentally relevant concentrations of both pollutants by several of the analytical methods used in this study. Such interactions were demonstrated at concentrations of ozone as low as 0.12 ppm and of sulfuric acid aerosol at concentrations as low as 5 to 20 micrograms/m3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Abstracts of the 23rd Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Meeting of the Greater New York and New England Chapters of the Society of Nuclear Medicine
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

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Pathologie et Biologie, Paris
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expression of the Human Germinal Center Associated Lymphoma (HGAL) Protein Identifies a Subset of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma of Germinal Center Derivation and Improved Outcome.
Authors: Yasodha Natkunam, Eric D. His, Shuchun Zhao, Paul Elson, Brad Pohlman, Ronald Levy, Izidore S. Lossos
Journal: Blood (2005)
PBB Fed to Immature Chickens: Its Effect on Organ Weights and Function and on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Robert K. Ringer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

In a series of polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) feeding trials in White Leghorn cockerel chicks, the effects of PBB on various physiological parameters and organ weights were determined. These measurements included: growth, thyroid function, ECG, cardiac output, blood pressure, hematocrit, erythropoietin levels, and spleen, bursa of Fabricius, thyroid, testes, comb, liver weights. In addition, tissues were histologically examined. PBB, in the commercial grade form of hexabromobiphenyl, was administered continuously in the diet at levels ranging from 50 to 250 ppm. Pair-feeding studies were conducted to ascertain the effects of the drug per se since preliminary trials indicated that PBB administration resulted in decreased feed intake. Chronic administration resulted in depressed body weight as a result of decreased feed intake; decreased comb, testes, spleen, and bursa weights; increased liver and thyroid weight; hydropericardium and ascites; decreased hematological values due to depressed plasma erythropietin levels; decreased heart rate, packed cell volume, hemoglobin and cardiac output; decreased voltage amplitude of the ECG and a shift in the mean electrical axis. No significant differences were found in blood pressure (mean arterial and pulse pressure), stroke volume, or respiratory rate.