tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac transplantation. Update 1987
Authors: J. S. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (1987)

JANUARY 1988 will mark the 20th anniversary of the performance of the first human cardiac transplant in the United States by Dr Norman Shumway, following nearly a decade of laboratory work developing and validating the technique involved. During these 20 years cardiac transplantation has evolved from what was initially considered a radical and experimental form of therapy to one that is currently viewed in most of the world as a valid form of advanced therapy for end-stage heart disease. The initial flurry of enthusiasm for this newsworthy procedure in 1968 quickly subsided when it became evident that the complexities of postoperative treatment went far beyond those of ordinary cardiac surgery and, although the surgical mortality rate was low, patient survival rates were initially measured in terms of days or months. The introduction during the ensuing years of a variety of improvements in immunosuppressive monitoring and treatment led to improving survival
Placenta Appears 'Highly Radioresistant,' Says Columbia University Radiologist
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Herpes control measures: 1 no, 2 maybes
Authors: M. Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial Board
Authors: Bruce Thiers, Dirk Elston, Detra Davis, Anna Krueger, Kenneth Katz, Jack Lesher, Mary Spellman, Jeffrey Weinberg, Dermatologic Surgery, Clifford Perlis, Julie Prendiville, Frcpc Dermatopathology, John Maize, Social Media, Emily Altman, Robert Dellavalle, J Smith, Editors Emeritus, Richard Dobson, Jeffrey Bernhard, Calvin Mccall, Brett Sloan, James Solomon, Stephen Tyring, George Hruza, Pediatric Dermatology, Kelly Cordoro, Dermatopathology Carlson, Tammie Ferringer, Cyberdermatology Consultant, Daniel Siegel, Clara Kim, Bryan Anderson, Salvador Arias-Santiago, Trisha Beute, John Binhlam, Diana Bolotin, Markus Braun-Falco, Nooshin Brinster, Patrick Carrington, Zoe Draelos, Nananamibia Duffy, Laura Ferris, David Fivenson, Joel Gelfand, Camille Introcaso, Nathaniel Jellinek, Jonathan Kantor, Matthew Kanzler, Kevin Kia, Nikki Levin, A4 November, J Am, Acad Dermatol
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Contrast Media-Induced Acute Renal Failure
Authors: Larry A. Weinrauch, W. Scott Robertson, John A. D'Elia
Journal: JAMA (1978)

RECENT reports have emphasized the risk of radiographic contrast-induced acute renal failure in diabetic nephropathy and have suggested an increasing incidence with a decreasing glomerular filtration rate.<sup>1,2</sup>An absolute contraindication to intravenous pyelography has been proposed for diabetic patients whose serum creatinine level is greater than 5 mg/dl, with a relative contraindication in the presence of any degree of azotemia.<sup>2</sup>No safe cutoff in renal function or in contrast volume has yet been established. We report what we believe to be the first mortality due to intravenous pyelographic contrast media-induced renal failure in an elderly patient whose serum creatinine level would not ordinarily be sufficient to consider him at high risk for any further renal compromise. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 74-year-old man was admitted to the New England Deaconess Hospital on May 6, 1977, because of an inability to walk and weight loss. His past medical history
Effect of nebulised l- and d-arginine on exhaled nitric oxide in steroid naive asthma
Authors: D C Chambers, J G Ayres
Journal: Thorax (2001)

BACKGROUND Nitric oxide (NO) is a product of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and is found in normal and asthmatic human airways. The administration of l -arginine results in an increase in airway NO production in asthmatic subjects. This is thought to occur because l -arginine is the substrate for NOS. However, studies in the systemic vasculature suggest that other mechanisms may be responsible. METHODS Eight patients with steroid naive asthma each received 2.5 g l -arginine, 2.5 g d -arginine, and 2.0% saline by ultrasonic nebuliser on separate days in a randomised, single blind manner. Exhaled NO was measured by chemiluminescence and spirometric tests were performed before and for 3 hours after each administration. The mean concentration of NO after exposure was calculated from the area under the curve. RESULTS l -arginine, d -arginine, and 2.0% saline induced a mean (95% CI) maximal bronchoconstriction of 11.9% (–1.7 to 25.4), 10.0% (2.8 to 17.2), and 8.5% (–2.5 to 19.5) of the starting forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ), respectively. Exhaled NO declined in proportion to the degree of bronchoconstriction ( r =0.60, p&lt;0.01). Bronchoconstriction and the acute reduction in exhaled NO resolved within 15 minutes. The mean post-exposure concentration of NO was 15.75 parts per billion (ppb) after l -arginine, 15.16 ppb after d -arginine, and 12.74 ppb after 2.0% saline. The mean (95% CI) difference between l -arginine and placebo was 3.01 (0.32 to 5.7) ppb, between d -arginine and placebo 2.42 (0.10 to 4.74) ppb, and between l - and d -arginine 0.59 (–1.56 to 2.74) ppb. CONCLUSIONS Exhaled NO decreased with acute bronchoconstriction and returned to baseline with the resolution of bronchoconstriction. Exhaled NO increased following the administration of both l -arginine and d -arginine. Since NOS is stereospecific, this finding suggests that the increase in exhaled NO is not entirely mediated through an increase in NOS enzyme activity. We suggest that arginine may react in a non-stereospecific fashion with reactive oxygen species present in asthmatic airways.
Morfología y Biologia de los Protozoos.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Randomized phase III study comparing gefitinib (G) with erlotinib (E) in patients (pts) with previously treated advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LA): WJOG 5108L.
Authors: Nobuyuki Katakami, Satoshi Morita, Hiroshige Yoshioka, Takashi Seto, Yoshiko Urata, Miyako Satouchi, Yasuo Iwamoto, Kojiro Otsuka, Norihiko Ikeda, Toshiaki Takahashi, Haruko Daga, Tetsuya Oguri, Isao Goto, Junji Uchida, Shunichi Sugawara, Chiyoe Kitagawa, Toshiyuki Kozuki, Junya Inata, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Yoichi Nakanishi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

8041 Background: Second-line therapy for advanced LA pts after progression on platinum-based regimens typically employs chemotherapy (CT) or EGFR-TKIs. Both G and E improved progression free survival (PFS) in pts with activating EGFR-mutation. We conducted a multicenter randomized phase III study designed to demonstrate noninferiority of G to E. Methods: Eligible pts were those with pathologically proven LA with stage IIIB/IV (AJCC version 6) or recurrence, previously treated with at least one chemotherapy regimen, evaluable disease, age ≥20 years and ECOG PS 0-2. Pts were randomized 1:1 to E (150 mg, daily), or G (250mg, daily) according to gender, stage, EGFR mutation status, performance status, smoking history, CT line, and institution. Target sample size was 560 based on the assumption that G was not inferior to E in PFS (2 – 4 months, α =0.025 [one sided], β =0.80).Noninferiority was to be concluded if the upper CI limit was < 1.30. The primary endpoint was PFS, and secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), disease control rate (DCR), safety, and time to treatment failure (TTF). Results: From 2009/7 to 2012/10, 561 pts were accrued, and 280 and 279 were randomly assigned to E and G in FAS, respectively, including 185 (66.1%, E) and 186 (66.7%, G) with EGFR activating mutation tumors. Other baseline factors were balanced between arms except PS: median age 67/68 years; % female 54/55; % PS=0, 50/40; PS=1, 43/54; % stage IV, 69/69; % 2nd line, 69/71, % smoker, 50/50; for E v G. Median PFS, TTF and OS for E v G were 7.5 m v 6.5 m (p=0.257, HR=1.125, 95% CI: 0.940-1.347), 5.3 m v 5.6 m (HR=1.032, 95% CI: 0.866-1.231), and 24.5 m v 22.8 m (HR=1.038, 95% CI: 0.833-1.294), respectively. RR and DCR for E v G were 43.9% v 46.1%, and 75.0% v 71.2%, respectively. Median PFS and OS in pts with activating mutation for E v G were 10.1 m v 8.9 m (p=0.532), and 32.0 m v 26.6 m (p=0.111), respectively. Main grade 3/4 toxicities were rash (18.1% [E] v 2.2% [G]) and elevation of AST/ALT (2.2%/3.3% [E] v 6.1%/13.0% [G]). Conclusions: Noninferiority in PFS between E and G was not demonstrated according to predefined criteria, however, there was no statistically significant difference in PFS. Clinical trial information: UMIN000002014.
Hypertension in the elderly. Implications and generalizability of randomized trials
Authors: C. D. Mulrow
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate morbidity and mortality benefits of drug therapy for hypertensive elderly subjects, compare these benefits with effects in younger subjects, and provide a framework for generalizing results derived from trials to actual patients. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —A literature search using MEDLINE from 1966 to 1993, references from reviews and trial articles, and experts. <h3>Study Selection.</h3> —Randomized trials lasting at least 1 year that evaluated effects of drug treatment on morbidity and mortality outcomes in hypertensive persons. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Four independent reviewers appraised protocol characteristics and quality of selected trials. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —There were 13 trials involving 16 564 elderly persons (age 60 years and older). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, and competing comorbid diseases was lower among trial participants than the general population of hypertensive elderly persons. When the six large high-quality trials were combined, trial results showed 43 subjects (95% confidence interval [CI], 31 to 69) and 61 subjects (95% CI, 39 to 141) needed to be treated for 5 years to prevent one cerebrovascular event and one coronary heart disease event, respectively. Including the other seven trials did not change the results significantly. Only 18 subjects (95% CI, 14 to 25) needed to be treated to prevent one cardiovascular event (cerebrovascular or cardiac). Twelve trials in primarily younger and middle-aged adults involved approximately 33 000 persons. For all outcomes except cardiac mortality, two to fourtimes as many of the younger subjects as the older subjects needed to be treated for 5 years to prevent morbid and mortal events. No significant effect on cardiac mortality was seen among younger subjects, while 78 older subjects (95% CI, 50 to 180) needed to be treated to prevent a fatal cardiac event. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Randomized trials demonstrate that treating healthy older persons with hypertension is highly efficacious. Five-year morbidity and mortality benefits derived from trials are greater for older than younger subjects. Extrapolating benefits from trials to individual patients is difficult, but should take into account multiple issues including the patient's risk factors, preexisting cardiovascular disease, and competing comorbid illnesses. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:1932-1938)
OC-042 Clonal origins of dysplasia from metaplasia in the human stomach
Authors: L Gutierrez-Gonzalez, T A Graham, M Rodriguez-Justo, A Green, L J Gay, T Ventayol-Garcia, M Novelli, M Hashemi, I Mitchell, D Stoker, R Jeffrey, R Poulsom, S Bamba, J A Jankowski, N A Wright, S A McDonald
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Intestinal metaplasia of the stomach has been heavily implicated as a premalignant condition that can lead to gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). However, while there have been many studies describing the mutation load within GA, there is little evidence to show its genetic origins from metaplasia. Furthermore previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the development of a field metaplasia depends on the division of metaplastic crypts to form a patch. However there is some controversy about the clonality of such crypts. Here we describe experiments where we define the clonal nature of metaplastic crypts within the human stomach and demonstrate the genetic relationship these have with associated dysplasia. <h3>Methods</h3> Blocks of gastric adenocarcinoma with dysplasia-associated metaplasia were used in this study. Sections were stained with a dual enzyme assay for mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). It has been established that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations that result in CCO-deficiency, are a reliable marker of clonality. We laser-captured individual cells from a single CCO-deficient crypt and PCR sequenced the entire mtDNA genome. To determine the genetic relationship between metaplasia and dysplasia we laser captured crypts along a strip of gastric mucosa that contained patches of metaplastic and dysplastic crypts. We then screened these for TP53 and APC mutations by nested PCR sequencing. <h3>Results</h3> Every cell within a CCO-deficient metaplastic crypt contained the same mtDNA mutation (G12898A transition in mtCOII, and therefore clona), whereas all cells from neighbouring CCO-positive crypts were wild type. Screening in one patient with GA revealed a truncating APC mutation (c.1450 G insertion). All crypts were laser captured and genotyped for this mutation. We demonstrated that 100% of dysplastic crypts were APC-mutated, interestingly, there were a few metaplastic crypts that also contained the same mutation, indicating the dysplasia did arise from a field of metaplasia. These findings were confirmed in two other patients with APC and TP53 mutations. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Contrary to previous reports, we have demonstrated that intestinal metaplastic crypts are clonal. Our work shows that there is a founder mutation within each dysplastic lesion. The same founder mutation can be detected within the surrounding metaplasia proving that dysplasia arises from metaplasia in the human stomach.
Hardware Implementation
Authors: John K. Chapin
Journal: Brain-Computer Interfaces (2008)

Paralysis, which adversely affects millions of people worldwide, has many causes, including trauma, stroke, infection, and autoimmune diseases. The primary damage can be manifested in the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, or the muscles themselves. In general, "paralysis" refers to severe or complete loss of motor function, whereas "paresis" refers to relatively minor loss. Severe paralysis is a major problem, not just because patients lose their ability to have a normal life, but also because of the tremendous cost of patient maintenance. Patients with tetraplegic spinal cord injuries, for example, lose virtually all voluntary motor function below the neck, but also lose somatosensation, i.e., their senses of touch, pain, temperature, and limb position. Severe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is even worse, in that patients can lose all motor function throughout their bodies.
THE SENSIBILITY OF THE BLADDER.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CONGRESS ON INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decline in Deaths From Heart Disease and Stroke—United States, 1900-1999
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Heart disease has been the leading cause of death in the United States since 1921, and stroke has been the third leading cause since 1938; together they account for approximately 40% of all deaths. Since 1950, age-adjusted death rates from cardiovascular disease (CVD) have declined 60%, representing one of the most important public health achievements of the 20th century. This report summarizes the temporal trends in CVD, advances in the understanding of risk factors for CVD, development of prevention interventions to reduce these risks, and improvements in therapy for persons who develop CVD.
LONDON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal