tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Premedication and Surveillance
Authors: M. Lazzaroni, G. Bianchi Porro
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

The main end points for sedation during endoscopy are patients' satisfaction, short duration of the procedure, and safety. During the last year, attention has focused on attempting to identify the "ideal" candidate for moderate sedation/analgesia and on the importance of providing the patient with appropriate information before the procedure. The increasing pressure to perform more procedures, reduce costs, and achieve shorter patient turnaround times has affected recent approaches to sedation during endoscopy, focusing attention on alternatives to pharmacological sedation such as providing relaxing music, using small-caliber endoscopes for unsedated peroral gastroscopy, and using magnetic endoscopic imaging to increase tolerance and reduce discomfort during colonoscopy. The results, however, have not been convincing. The role of benzodiazepines was discussed in some studies, highlighting the well-known effect of midazolam on postprocedural amnesia, its pharmacological profile and tolerability after intranasal spraying in healthy volunteers, and the efficacy and safety of this route of administration as an alternative to intravenous administration in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.The form of sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy that has attracted great interest over the last year is the use of intravenous propofol, either alone or with concomitant benzodiazepines or opioids. As expected in view of the drug's known pharmacological properties, the quality of sedation was better and recovery time was shorter in patients treated with propofol. However, important questions involving the narrow therapeutic range and the mode of administration of propofol (by endoscopists or nurses, or by anesthesiologists) remain open. One important aspect of sedation procedures is prevention of cardiopulmonary complications. The use of electronic monitoring techniques, with a pulse oximeter, has been recommended as a standard procedure during digestive endoscopy; however, pulse oximetry no longer reflects the normal ventilatory functions and does not detect episodes of severe CO2 retention. CO2 monitoring by transcutaneous measurement - or better, by capnography - appears to be useful, as an alternative to pulse oximetry, as a measure of hypoventilation, and for detecting potentially important abnormalities in respiratory activity in patients undergoing sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopy.With regard to preparation for endoscopic procedures, several "ideal" formulas for bowel preparation have been presented. These include the use of sodium phosphate compounds as an alternative to polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solutions (PEG-ELS); however, the results so far have been conflicting. The best and most cost-effective bowel cleansing procedure for colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy has yet to be established.
Randomized phase II trial of panitumumab (P), erlotinib (E), and gemcitabine (G) versus erlotinib-gemcitabine in patients with untreated, metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Authors: G. P. Kim, N. R. Foster, M. Salim, P. J. Flynn, D. F. Moore, R. Zon, R. B. Mowat, A. McCullough, J. P. Meyers, S. R. Alberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

238 Background: Dual inhibition of the EGFR pathway using erlotinib and the monoclonal antibody panitumumab results in greater antitumor activity in preclinical pancreatic cancer models. A trial evaluating this approach was conducted. Methods: A safety analysis was initially performed with 6 patients at P 4 mg/kg every two weeks, E 100 mg daily, G 1000 mg/m 2 weekly of a 28-day cycle. PGE was well tolerated with a grade 3 fatigue as only dose-limiting toxicity. Patients (pts) were then randomized to either PGE or GE alone. Eligibility included: no prior chemo, ECOG PS 0-1, bilirubin &lt;2x UL, AST &lt;2.5x UL. CT scans every 2 cycles. Results: 93 pts (46-GE; 47-PGE) were randomized from January to August, 2010. Median age 61 years and 65% male. ECOG PS 0 (51%) and PS 1 (49%). No significant differences in baseline characteristics observed between treatment arms. 81 pts evaluable for AEs; 37 (46%) had a maximum grade 3 (at least possibly related to treatment), and 12 (15%) maximum grade 4 or 5. Treatment arms similar with respect to the overall AEs with exception grade 1-3 acneiform rash, GE (65%) vs. PGE (85%). Commonly occurring grade 4 AEs (at least possibly related) consisted of thrombosis (3 pts) and thrombocytopenia (2 pts). Two grade 5 events occurred in PGE arm—duodenal hemorrhage (possibly related) and pancolitis with multisystem failure (unlikely). An additional PGE pt died 30 days off study (grade 5 CHF, possibly). 54 patients (67%; 31-GE, 23-PGE) ended treatment; 38 (70%) for disease progression (24-GE; 14-PGE). Other reasons for treatment discontinuation: AEs (9; 17%), pt refusal (4; 7%), death on study (2; 4%), other (1). In 81 pts with at least 1 cycle of chemotherapy, the median PFS for GE 2.0 months and 3.3 months for PGE. Accrual for the study was recently completed and overall and 6-month survival data will be presented. Conclusions: This study involved an initial run-in design to define tolerable doses of dual EGFR inhibitors, PGE, in pancreatic cancer patients. Although preliminary, the randomized phase II portion has been completed and differences between GE and PGE in terms of relevant clinical outcomes, PFS, are observed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sarcoidosis
Authors: David G. Freimax
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

Anatomic arguments. The histologic resemblance of the sarcoid lesion to the "hard" tubercle produced by the tubercle bacillus under certain conditions cannot be denied. Certain animals, such as the rat, also react rather characteristically to this organism with productive noncaseating tubercles.4, 228 However, identical histologic lesions can be produced in man by such varied agents as those of leprosy and syphilis, and even by beryllium compounds, and the various lesions of tuberculosis itself can be mimicked in every detail by other agents, such as silica.229 Although tubercles may apparently persist in recognizable form after the organisms that produced them have . . .
Climate Change
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Procedure for the Fixation, Staining, and Mounting of Whole Mounts from Tissue Cultures Grown in Carrel D 3.5 Flasks
Authors: Wilton R. Earle, Emma Shelton, Mary Frances Brown, Nancy Straus
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1947)

Journal Article Procedure for the Fixation, Staining, and Mounting of Whole Mounts from Tissue Cultures Grown in Carrel D 3.5 Flasks Get access Wilton R. Earle, Wilton R. Earle principal cytologist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Emma Shelton, Emma Shelton technical assistance of junior cytologist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary Frances Brown, Mary Frances Brown Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nancy Straus Nancy Straus National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 8, Issue 2, October 1947, Pages 83–89, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/8.2.83 Published: 01 October 1947 Article history Received: 12 August 1947 Published: 01 October 1947
Out-patient angioplasty: Is the future now? Ambika Bhaskaran, Robert M. Siegel, Charles Jost, Warren Breisblatt, Barbara Barker, Alvin Nuttall, Deborah Frazier, Jennifer Vermillion, Sarah Dougherty, Jeffrey Gorow, William Orlowski. Advanced Cardiac Specialists, Gilbert/Phoenix, AZ
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Error in Figure
Authors: David Tunkel, Stephanie Jones, Richard Rosenfeld
Journal: JAMA (2016)

We reviewed the guideline rating table in the synopsis, which rated the external review process as fair and the updating process as poor for this guideline.The tinnitus clinical practice guideline, like all guidelines developed by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF), followed a defined, published process that includes extensive review as well as plans for updating each guideline in a timely manner. 3he review process for this guideline included internal implementability assessment, external stakeholder review from multiple disciplines, open public comment, and editorial peer review, each of which led to many comments and substantive edits in the draft guideline prior to publication.This tinnitus guideline was published less than 2 years ago, and the document explicitly stated the plan to update in 5 years (unless new literature is published that would change the guideline recommendations).This is consistent with Institute of Medicine standards. 4e suggest that the external review process for the tinnitus guideline be rated as good and the updating process as fair based on the criteria for rating in these types of articles.
Iodide Mumps
Authors: John E. Carter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

IODIDE salts and compounds are frequently used in medical therapy and diagnostic procedures, and "iodism" is not rare as a complication of their use. Iodism of some type will occur in most patients if a sufficiently large dose of iodides is given. The 2 cases reported below are unusual because of the symptoms and rapid onset after small doses of iodides.Case ReportsCase 1. F.D., a 48-year-old businesswoman, was given iodinated glycerol tablets† (equivalent to 15.4 mg. of iodine per tablet) for chronic pulmonary disease. She took 2 tablets on the evening of the 1st day. When seen on . . .
Hypouricemia in the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Response to treatment
Authors: G. Lugassy
Journal: JAMA (1983)

HYPOURICEMIA is generally a result of impaired handling of uric acid by the renal tubule. It has been reported in Wilson's disease, heavy metal poisoning, and occasionally in malignant neoplasms. The latter inelude Hodgkin's disease, lung carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and acute myeloid leukemia.<sup>1-3</sup>We recently encountered a patient with severe hypouricemia associated with the hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old man was hospitalized after three weeks of high temperatures, night sweats, progressive weakness, and weight loss. The patient denied having any personal or family history of atopy. On admission, he appeared pale and cachectic, the temperature was 38 °C, the pulse rate was 90 beats per minute and irregular, and the BP was 100/60 mm Hg. The relevant physical findings included an apical midsystolic murmur (grade 2/6), hepatosplenomegaly, and generalized lymphadenopathy. A chest roentgenogram was normal. An ECG showed atrial fibrillation. An echocardiogram disclosed an
The Glucocorticoid Receptor Is Overexpressed in Malignant Adrenocortical Tumors
Authors: Lyndal J. Tacon, Patsy S. Soon, Anthony J. Gill, Angela S. Chou, Adele Clarkson, Johan Botling, Peter L. H. Stalberg, Britt M. Skogseid, Bruce G. Robinson, Stanley B. Sidhu, Roderick J. Clifton-Bligh
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis. The Weiss score is the most widely accepted method for distinguishing an ACC from an adrenocortical adenoma (ACA); however, in borderline cases, accurate diagnosis remains problematic. We recently discovered that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene NR3C1 is significantly up-regulated in ACCs compared with ACAs in global gene expression studies. Our objective was to study GR expression in adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) and to assess its utility as an adjunct to the Weiss score. Microarray analysis, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and direct sequencing were performed. Analysis of 28 ACTs by microarray and 49 ACTs by qPCR found NR3C1 expression to be up-regulated in ACCs compared with ACAs (P < 0.001). Western blotting and RT-PCR confirmed the presence of the GRa isoform in ACCs, and no mutations were detected on direct sequencing. Immunohistochemistry for GR in an overlapping cohort of ACTs demonstrated strongly positive nuclear staining in 31 of 33 ACCs (94%), with negative staining in 40 of 41 ACAs (98%) (P < 0.001). This finding was validated in an external cohort of ACTs, such that 14 of 18 ACCs (78%) demonstrated positive nuclear staining whereas 32 of 33 ACAs (94%) were negative (P < 0.001). The immunohistochemical finding of nuclear GR staining identified ACCs with high diagnostic accuracy. We propose that GR immunohistochemistry may complement the Weiss score in the diagnosis of ACC in cases that display borderline histology. The possibility that GR is transcriptionally active in these tumors, and may therefore be a therapeutic target, requires further study.
A New Abuse-Deterrent Opioid—Xtampza ER
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Selection of kidney recipients
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Matas and Tellis merely have extended our argument that waiting time and other factors should be given more weight than antigen matching for kidney allocation. However, we do not believe that matching should be ignored altogether and for that matter neither do Matas and Tellis, as witnessed by their acceptance of six-antigen (full-house) matching. Their seemingly inequitable scenario is based on "nonsense" data. When a highly sensitized patient finally achieves a negative cross match, it is almost always found that good antigen matching also has been achieved, particularly at the A and B loci. If not, either the cross match test or the antigen typing is apt to be an error. Thus, it is not credible that their longest-waiting patient, with a 99% PRA, should have had only one antigen match, whereas it is understandable that their highly sensitized patients who had waited for nine and eight
Practice Guidelines for Treatment of Peptic Ulcer Disease
Authors: Duane D. Webb
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Soll<sup>1</sup>states that ranitidine plus bismuth subcitrate has received preliminary approval from the FDA. To clarify his comments, the product Soll refers to is ranitidine bismuth citrate (Tritec), which is a novel salt of ranitidine with a complex of bismuth and citrate developed by Glaxo Wellcome. Ranitidine bismuth citrate, when used in conjunction with clarithromycin, has been recommended for approval by the joint Anti-infective and Gastrointestinal Drugs Advisory committees of the FDA. Several studies reviewed by the FDA committees to support this recommendation showed ranitidine bismuth citrate plus clarithromycin was well tolerated and eradicated<i>H pylori</i>infection in 82% to 94% of patients.<sup>2-4</sup>These trials employed rigorous testing methods to ascertain the presence of infection and to confirm the eradication of infection. To be confirmed as being infected with<i>H pylori</i>, patients had to have at least 2 different positive diagnostic tests performed by central laboratory personnel
Comparison of the effects of torasemide and furosemide in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites: A randomized, double-blind study
Authors: G Laffi
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

In a randomized double-blind trial we compared the effects of torasemide, a new loop diuretic, and furosemide in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites during a 3-day period in association with potassium canrenoate (200 mg/day) administration. Doses of loop diuretics administered in this trial (10 and 25 mg/day of torasemide and furosemide, respectively) had been shown to be equipotent in healthy subjects. Torasemide induced significantly greater natriuresis than furosemide (p <0.02), with a twofold greater percentage increase in basal values (day 1: 130% vs. 50%; day 2: 104% vs. 42%; and day 3: 65% vs. 26%, respectively). Body weight loss was significantly higher during torasemide (p < 0.02) administration, and the overall decrease at the end of the treatment was twice as high for furosemide (2.5 ± 0.6 kg vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 kg, respectively). Diuresis was also higher during torasemide administration, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.08). The extent of kaliuresis observed during the two treatments was almost identical despite the striking differences in the natriuretic response. The effects of the two treatments on plasma electrolytes, creatinine clearance, blood urea nitrogen, mean arterial pressure, heart rate and plasma arginine vasopressin concentration were similar. Both drugs caused increases in plasma renin activity at the end of the treatment, whereas plasma aldosterone concentration slightly increased only after torasemide administration. Despite the presence of a trend toward a more pronounced effect on these parameters after torasemide administration, no significant difference between the two treatments was observed. Blood ammonia increased compared with pretreatment values after furosemide, whereas it remained unmodified after torasemide administration (from 90 ± 15 μg to 112 ± μg and from 87 ± 15 μg to 80 ± 16 μg NH3-N/dl, respectively; p < 0.05 between treatments). The results of this trial indicate that torasemide is suitable for the treatment of sodium and water retention in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Further investigation is needed to assess the long-term tolerability and effectiveness of this new loop diuretic. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:1101–1105.)
Save lives
Authors: M. Struthers
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Eliminating cancer was once thought of as a war. This analogy is still apt today; however, we now realize that cancer is a much more formidable enemy than scientists originally perceived, and in some cases, it harbors a profound ability to thwart our best efforts to defeat it. However, before we were aware of the complexity of cancer, chemotherapy against childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was successful because it applied the principles of pharmacology. Herein, we provide a historic perspective of the experience at St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital. In 1962, when the hospital opened, fewer than 3% of patients experienced durable cure. Through judicious application of pharmacologic principles (e.g., combination therapy with agents using different mechanisms of action) plus appropriate drug scheduling, dosing, and pharmacodynamics, the survival of patients with ALL now exceeds 90%. We contrast this approach to treating ALL with the contemporary approach to treating medulloblastoma, in which genetics and molecular signatures are being used to guide the development of more-efficacious treatment strategies with minimal toxicity. Finally, we highlight the emerging technologies that can sustain and propel the collaborative efforts to squeeze the life out of these cancers. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Up until the early 1960s, chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia was mostly ineffective. This changed with the knowledge and implementation of rational approaches to combination therapy. Although the therapeutics of brain cancers such as medulloblastoma are not as refined (in part because of the blood-brain barrier obstacle), recent extraordinary advances in knowledge of medulloblastoma pathobiology has led to innovations in disease classification accompanied with strategies to improve therapeutic outcomes. Undoubtedly, additional novel approaches, such as immunological therapeutics, will open new avenues to further the goal of taming cancer.
Epitomies
Authors: John D. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

On receiving a routine inquiry as to whether he wished to order reprints of his publication, Prof R. G. Huntsman of London, England, replied as follows: You are plainly unaware that the National Health Service is bankrupt! In these circumstances, we will clearly have to do without reprints. We received far more mail on Dr. Charles H. Scoggin's article, "Catfish Stings" (231:176, 1975), than we could publish. One letter, by Dr. Bernard M. Patten, appears in this issue (see p 248). John M. Brenner, MD, of Costa Mesa, Calif, and Ray V. McIntyre, MD, of Kingfisher, Okla, join Dr. Patten in recommending immersion of the wounded extremity in hot water. Dr. Brenner uses water as hot as tolerable, up to 51 C (125 F), provided there is no contraindication such as peripheral vascular disease. Dr. McIntyre reports success with temperatures of 38 to 41 C (100 to 105 F). L.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1961)

BRrITSH MEDICAL JOURN<ALspecimen of saliva from one or more of the glands, sialograms of one or two of the glands, as well as a full systemic investigation to include blood cytology and chemistry.Accurate diagnosis may allow treatment to be carried out which will restore salivary function.Symptomatic relief may be given by the frequent taking of watery drinks and by the use of a mucin spray.