tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Diseases of Joints
Authors: H. Coote
Journal: BMJ (1858)

She was orde:ed to have two ounces of wine, rice pudding, and mutton broth.April 6thi.The latient had not slept muclh during the night.'She sufferled fromn paini referrecl to the sacrum, and tenesmus, up to 4 A.M., wh lieni she passed a large solid bealthy looking 'evacuation, aud lhad been easier sinlce.11 A.M. I fountid helr asleep.The countenance was natural; the skin warmiyi anid mlloist; the pulse 108, of moderate -volume, and compressible ; the tongue clean and moist
Biomarker Correlations of Urinary 2,4-D Levels in Foresters: Genomic Instability and Endocrine Disruption
Authors: Vincent F. Garry, Robert E. Tarone, Ilan R. Kirsch, Jorge M. Abdallah, Donald P. Lombardi, Leslie K. Long, Barbara L. Burroughs, Dana B. Barr, James S. Kesner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Forest pesticide applicators constitute a unique pesticide use group. Aerial, mechanical-ground, and focal weed control by application of herbicides, in particular chlorophenoxy herbicides, yield diverse exposure scenarios. In the present work, we analyzed aberrations in G-banded chromosomes, reproductive hormone levels, and polymerase chain reaction-based V(D)J rearrangement frequencies in applicators whose exposures were mostly limited to chlorophenoxy herbicides. Data from appliers where chlorophenoxy use was less frequent were also examined. The biomarker outcome data were compared to urinary levels of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) obtained at the time of maximum 2,4-D use. Further comparisons of outcome data were made to the total volume of herbicides applied during the entire pesticide-use season.Twenty-four applicators and 15 minimally exposed foresters (control) subjects were studied. Categorized by applicator method, men who used a hand-held, backpack sprayer in their applications showed the highest average level (453.6 ppb) of 2,4-D in urine. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values were correlated with urinary 2,4-D levels, but follicle-stimulating hormone and free and total testosterone were not. At the height of the application season; 6/7 backpack sprayers, 3/4 applicators who used multinozzle mechanical (boom) sprayers, 4/8 aerial applicators, and 2/5 skidder-radiarc (closed cab) appliers had two or more V(D)J region rearrangements per microgram of DNA. Only 5 of 15 minimally exposed (control) foresters had two or more rearrangements, and 3 of these 5 subjects demonstrated detectable levels of 2,4-D in the urine. Only 8/24 DNA samples obtained from the exposed group 10 months or more after their last chlorophenoxy use had two rearrangements per microgram of DNA, suggesting that the exposure-related effects observed were reversible and temporary. Although urinary 2,4-D levels were not correlated with chromosome aberration frequency, chromosome aberration frequencies were correlated with the total volume of herbicides applied, including products other than 2,4-D. In summary, herbicide applicators with high urinary levels of 2,4-D (backpack and boom spray applications) exhibited elevated LH levels. They also exhibited altered genomic stability as measured by V(D)J rearrangement frequency, which appears reversible months after peak exposure. Though highly detailed, the limited sample size warrants cautious interpretation of the data.
A Dictionary of New Medical Terms, Including Upward of 38,000 Words and Many Useful Tables, Being a Supplement to "An Illustrated Dictionary of Medicine Biology and Allied Sciences."
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sacroiliac gout
Authors: S. E. Malawista
Journal: JAMA (1965)

One patient had acute, recurrent, sacroiliac gouty arthritis, and two others had clinically inactive, tophaceous involvement of the sacroiliac joint. In a retrospective roentgenographic study, changes characteristic of gout were found in the sacroiliac joints of seven of 95 gouty patients. Equivocal changes were found in an additional five gouty patients. Involvement was found only in patients in whom other manifestations of gout had been present for many years. Gout of the axial skeleton appears to be more frequent than is commonly thought.
Minireview: A Tiny Touch: Activation of Cell Signaling Pathways with Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Nathan J. Sniadecki
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

ABSTRACT Magnetic nanoparticles can be coated with specific ligands that enable them to bind to receptors on a cell’s surface. When a magnetic field is applied, it pulls on the particles so that they deliver nanoscale forces at the ligand-receptor bond. It has been observed that mechanical stimulation in this manner can activate cellular signaling pathways that are known as mechanotransduction pathways. Integrin receptors, stretch-activated ion channels, focal adhesions, and the cytoskeleton are key players in activating these pathways, but there is still much we do not know about how these mechanosensors work. Current evidence indicates that applied forces at these structures can activate Ca2+ signaling, Src family protein kinase, MAPK, and RhoGTPase pathways. The techniques of magnetic twisting and magnetic tweezers, which use magnetic particles to apply forces to cells, afford a fine degree of control over how cells are stimulated and hold much promise in elucidating the fundamentals of mechanotransduction. The particles are generally not harmful to cellular health, and their nanoscale dimensions make them advantageous for probing a cell’s molecular-scale sensory structures. This review highlights the basic aspects of magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic particle techniques and the structures and pathways that are involved in mechanotransduction.
Contribution of Organic Particulates to Respiratory Cancer
Authors: Genevieve Matanoski, Lawrence Fishbein, Carol Redmond, Herbert Rosenkranz, Lance Wallace
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This paper presents some of the issues that remain to be resolved in order to assess the risk of cancer related to exposure to organic particulates. Most reviews of the effects of organic particulates from the outdoor environment on the risk of lung cancer show that this source seems to play a minor role. However, as fuel use and chemical composition of air pollutants change, the contribution of outdoor pollution as a cause of cancer may also change. Indoor air pollution is a more important source of exposure to organic particulates than is outdoor exposure. Although there is clear evidence that in occupational settings organic particulates cause human cancer, there has been almost no study of exposure to these types of particulates within indoor settings. Previous research has focused on cigarette smoke as the major indoor pollutant, but more specific characterization of contaminants in both the workplace and the home is required. The health effects of the higher levels of some of these contaminants in the workplace should be evaluated and the results extrapolated to populations exposed to lower levels in the home. Extensive research is needed to characterize organic particulate mixtures appropriately and test them for carcinogenicity. Studies on the health risks of nitropolynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are reviewed, but their contribution to the overall burden of respiratory cancer in humans cannot be estimated at this time. Characterization of mixtures, assessment of exposures, and linkage of exposures to health effects are the objectives of the recommendations proposed for further research.
Prevention and Control of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The recommendations of this interim report on the prevention and control of AIDS, which was approved by the House of Delegates of the American Medical Association (AMA) at its 1987 annual meeting, "have as their foundation an overriding concern for a judicious balance between the well-being of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and the protection of the public health." The recommendations include (1) development of a national policy; (2) establishment of a national commission and an immediate conference of physicians and public health officials; (3) guidelines for limited mandatory testing and for voluntary testing; (4) advice to physicians on patient counseling; (5) public funding for testing programs, counseling, research, patient care, and epidemiological studies; (6) public education programs; and (7) clarification of anti-discrimination laws and adoption of statutes on confidentiality and notification.
CHILD STUDY.
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Books Received
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Papovaviruses and human disease.
Authors: New England
Journal: BMJ (1972)

BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2 SEPiTEmBE 1972 maintain body weight the reduction in saturated fat must be countered by another source of calories.An increase in car- bohydrates might itself increase the risk of coronary artery disease by increasing production in the liver of triglyceride- rich lipoproteins9 of very low density.This can be avoided by substituting polyunsaturated for saturated fat in the diet.To facilitate such dietary change the Committee of the New Zealand Heart Foundation4 advocated that the composition of foodstuffs should be widely publicized and that those which contain polyunsaturated oils should have no restrictions placed on their availability.S. Dayton and col- leagues'0 reported that the incidence of carcinoma was increased in a group of people on a diet high in polyunsatu- rated fat, but this observation does not appear to have been substantiated in other studies."Certainly the New Zealand committee saw no reason for restricting the consumption of polyunsaturated fats even though it did not consider there was any particular need to promote their use in the whole population.While it would seem sensible to endorse these recom- mendations there is clearly not enough evidence to justify a full-scale campaign aimed at changing the dietary habits of the nation.'2But the accumulating evidence is impressive, and it seems likely that if it is clearly presented many people will wish to modify their diet.Though cigarette sales have not fallen precipitously, it is now clear that many other sensible people besides doctors have given up the smoking habit.To such people the fat on their bacon could become just as unnecessary as the smoke from their cigarettes.
P086 Systemic overexpression of interleukin-22 induces expression of the negative immune-regulator SOCS3 and potently reduces collagen-induced arthritis in mice
Authors: J Aarts, D Roeleveld, B Walgreen, M Helsen, E Vitters, F Van de Loo, P Van Lent, W Van den Berg, P Van der Kraan, M Koenders
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2019)

<h3>Career situation of first and presenting author</h3> Student for a master or a PhD. <h3>Introduction</h3> High interleukin-22 (IL-22) levels are detected in serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and have been shown to positively correlate with disease activity markers and more erosive disease. The role of IL-22 in autoimmunity and inflammation appears to be greatly contradictory, being both pro- and anti-inflammatory. Especially the anti-inflammatory properties of IL-22 are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive effect of IL-22 during experimental arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in DBA1 mice by immunization and booster with bovine collagen type II (CII). After booster, but before arthritis onset, IL-22 was overexpressed either locally or systemically using an adenoviral construct (AdIL-22) or Luciferase as control (AdLuc). 1 × 10<sup>7</sup> plaque-forming units (PFU) of the adenoviruses were injected intra-articularly for local overexpression, or 3 × 10<sup>8</sup> PFU was injected intravenously for systemic overexpression in immunized mice, and mice were sacrificed 10 days later. Macroscopic scoring and histological analysis was performed, and mRNA expression and protein production of various pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators was determined in synovial tissue, spleen, and serum. <h3>Results</h3> Local overexpression of IL-22 by injection of AdIL-22 in the knee joint of CII-immunized mice resulted in an unaltered arthritis incidence and severity as compared to the control virus AdLuc. Accordingly, no changes in mRNA expression or protein production were observed in CIA mice locally overexpressing IL-22. In contrast, systemic overexpression of IL-22 potently reduced disease incidence and severity, which was also confirmed by histological analysis. Systemic levels of IL-1β, IL-17, GM-CSF and MCP1 were unaltered in mice overexpressing IL-22 systemically. However, these mice showed significantly lower serum levels of IFNγ, TNFα, MIP1α, and IL-10. Interestingly, the significantly enhanced splenic SOCS3 expression was found to negatively correlate to serum TNFα and MIP1α levels, which is in line with our hypothesis that that the observed reduction in the cytokine levels is mediated in a SOCS3-dependent manner. <h3>Conclusions</h3> With this study, we revealed clear anti-inflammatory effects of IL-22 overexpression during collagen-induced arthritis, which are completely dependent on the systemic route of administration. Additionally, we were the first to show that this protective effect of IL-22 during experimental arthritis is likely orchestrated via up-regulation of the negative regulator SOCS3. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared.
Immunotherapy Activates Unexpected Cell Death Mechanism
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2019)

Abstract Research suggests that the cell death mechanism known as ferroptosis boosts the effectiveness of checkpoint inhibitors. The work indicates that CD8+ T cells trigger ferroptosis in cancer cells by releasing IFNγ, which then disrupts uptake of the amino acid cystine. Further experiments in mice with ovarian tumors established that T cells can induce ferroptosis in vivo.
Immunohistochemical Cal9-9 in primary colonic polyps and polyps synchronous with colorectal cancer
Authors: N Afdhal, A Long, I Tobbia, A Cullen, D O'donoghue
Journal: Gut (1987)

A prospective study was undertaken to examirne the immunohistochemical expression of tumour antigen Cal9-9 in 56 colorectal cancers and 95 colonic adenomas, divided into 65 primary polyps and 30 polyps synchronous with colorectal cancer.Seventy five per cent of tumours were positive for Cal9-9.Antigen was expressed more frequently in advanced Duke's C and D and poorly differentiated colorectal cancer.Overall 51% of adenomas were positive for Cal9-9.Antigen expression correlated significantly with increasing size (p<0-001), synchronicity with colorectal cancer (p<0-001), severe dysplasia (p<0-001) and villous typing (p<0003).Discrimin- ate analysis using the first three variables correctly classified 79% of positive and 89% of negative Cal9-9 results.The similar frequency of antigen expression seen in colorectal cancers and their synchronous adenoma suggests a field change in the tumour bearing colon.Adenomas positive for Cal9-9 may have a greater malignant potential for carcinomatous change.Colorectal cancer is one of the commonest fatal malignancies in both men and women in the Western World.' Aetiological factors involved in the patho- genesis of colorectal cancer still remain obscure.Colorectal cancer is, however, one of the few malignancies where a precursor lesion has been identified and most authorities now accept the adenomacarcinoma sequence in the pathogenesis of the majority of large bowel adenocarcinomas.2"Risk factors for malignant change in adenomata include increasing size, dysplasia, and villous component.27The advent of monoclonal antibodies has led to the discovery of many new tumour related antigens.One such antibody Cal9-9 has received much attention.' The antigen identified by Cal9-9 is a sialoglycoprotein with a sugar sequence related to sialosyl lacto-N-fucopentaose 11.I 7 Raux et al have demonstrated the antigen in fetal bowel and suggest that it is possibly an oncofetal antigen.'"Arends et
Transcellular biosynthesis contributes to the production of leukotrienes during inflammatory responses in vivo
Authors: Jean-Etienne Fabre, Jennifer L. Goulet, Estelle Riche, MyTrang Nguyen, Kenneth Coggins, Steven Offenbacher, Beverly H. Koller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Leukotrienes are lipid mediators that evoke primarily proinflammatory responses by activating receptors present on virtually all cells. The production of leukotrienes is tightly regulated, and expression of 5-lipoxygenase, the enzyme required for the first step in leukotriene synthesis, is generally restricted to leukocytes. Arachidonic acid released from the cell membrane of activated leukocytes is rapidly converted to LTA4 by 5-lipoxygenase. LTA4 is further metabolized to either LTC4 or LTB4 by the enzyme LTC4 synthase or LTA4 hydrolase, respectively. Unlike 5-lipoxygenase, these enzymes are expressed in most tissues. This observation previously has led to the suggestion that LTA4 produced by leukocytes may, in some cases, be delivered to other cell types before being converted into LTC4 or LTB4. While in vitro studies indicate that this process, termed transcellular biosynthesis, can lead to the production of leukotrienes, it has not been possible to determine the significance of this pathway in vivo. Using a series of bone marrow chimeras generated from 5-lipoxygenase– and LTA4 hydrolase–deficient mice, we show here that transcellular biosynthesis contributes to the production of leukotrienes in vivo and that leukotrienes produced by this pathway are sufficient to contribute significantly to the physiological changes that characterize an ongoing inflammatory response.
THE SECTIONS.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal