tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Poor-Law Medical Reform
Authors: R. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1864)

<h3>Background</h3> Loeys–Dietz syndrome (LDS) is an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder characterized by extensive arterial aneurysms. The successful clipping of intracranial aneurysms in patients with LDS has been reported in a limited number of patients but endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms in LDS has never before been described. The first successful cases of endovascular management of five intracranial aneurysms in two patients with LDS are reported. <h3>Clinical presentation</h3> The first patient was an asymptomatic 45-year-old woman with LDS and two incidentally discovered, unruptured wide necked aneurysms (6×5 mm and 4×2 mm) arising from the ophthalmic segment of the left internal carotid artery. Both aneurysms were successfully embolized via Neuroform stent assisted coiling. The second patient was an asymptomatic middle 40s woman with LDS found to have an unruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm (7×4 mm) as well as two ophthalmic segment aneurysms (2.5×3.7 mm and 2.9×3.5 mm). All three aneurysms were successfully embolized via Neuroform stent assisted coiling in two staged procedures. There were no periprocedural complications in either patient. Long term follow-up imaging demonstrated durable embolization in all aneurysms in both patients. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first reported case series of endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms in the setting of LDS. The endovascular approach was safe, effective and durable in all aneurysms in both patients, and should be considered when treating patients with LDS and intracranial aneurysms.
Enzymes: Properties, Distribution, Methods and Applications.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sensory nerve activation in airway microvascular permeability in guinea-pig late allergic response
Authors: Y Mashito, M Ichinose, H Sugiura, M Miura, N Endoh, K Shirato
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Because both bradykinin and tachykinins have a potent inflammatory action, these molecules may be involved in the late allergic response. The role of these molecules in airway microvascular permeability during the late allergic response in sensitized guinea-pigs was investigated. Three weeks after ovalbumin sensitization, the animals were pretreated with bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140, neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist CP 96,345 or vehicle, 30 min before the ovalbumin inhalation challenge. The occurrence of the late allergic response was determined by a two-fold increase in the transpulmonary pressure from the baseline values. The microvascular permeability in the trachea was assessed by an index defined as the ratio of the area of vasculature labelled by Monastral blue dye (area density %). Significant microvascular permeability and eosinophil accumulation were observed during the late allergic response. Both the bradykinin and substance P concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased during the late allergic response. Pretreatment with HOE 140 suppressed the substance P elevation. Both HOE 140 and CP 96,345 also inhibited the airway microvascular permeability during the late allergic response without affecting the eosinophil accumulation in the airways. These findings suggest that bradykinin-mediated sensory nerve activation may play a role in microvascular permeability during the late allergic response in guinea-pigs.
Results from Phase I study of PX-12, a thioredoxin inhibitor in patients with advanced solid malignancies
Authors: L. Kirkpatrick, T. Dragovich, R. Ramanathan, E. Sharlow, S. Chow, D. Williams, R. Himler, A. Baker, M. Egorin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

3089 Background: Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a cellular redox protein with anti-apoptotic and angiogenic properties. High levels of Trx-1 have been detected in colorectal, gastric and lung cancers. PX-12, a small-molecule inhibitor of Trx-1, stimulates apoptosis, down-regulates HIF-1α and VEGF and inhibits tumor growth in animal models. The purpose of this Phase 1 trial was to determine optimal dosing, safety and tolerability of PX-12. Methods: 38 patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors refractory to standard therapy, were administered PX-12 as a 1-hr or 3-hr infusion on d 1–5, q 3 wks, starting at 9 mg/m2. Results: PX-12 was well tolerated in patients up to a dose of 226 mg/m2. Common grade 1/2 AE's included cough, fever, and a garlic odor/irritation caused by expired drug metabolite. At doses ≥226 mg/m2 reversible hypoxia with or without pneumonitis was observed. Dosing below 226 mg/m2 appears safe for future studies. Tumor Response: One patient with appendiceal carcinoma achieved a minor response and remained on therapy for 14 cycles (9 - 36 mg/m2dose), 6 patients achieved disease stabilization (SD) lasting 6 to 9 cycles, and 8 patients stayed on 4–5 cycles of therapy (SD≥ 3 months). When time to progression (TTP) on PX-12 was compared to that observed on prior therapy, a significant TTP prolongation was found in 7 out of 38 pts. Pharmacodynamics (PD): PX-12 lowered circulating Trx-1 levels in a dose-dependent manner and this was maintained during treatment cycle of 21 d. Prolongation of the infusion time from 1 to 3 hrs resulted in augmentation of the Trx-1 lowering effect. The average pre-treatment plasma Trx-1 level (38 pts) of 94 ng/ml was lowered to 54 ng/ml on day 21. The pharmacokinetics of PX-12 major metabolite corresponded to the Trx-1 lowering ability of this drug. Circulating VEGF was also lowered. Conclusions: Doses of PX-12 up to 226 mg/m2 were well tolerated and had minimal toxicity; the optimum PD dose was identified as 96 mg/m2 as a 3-hr infusion. Preliminary antitumor activity was observed. Based on the PK and PD data, a follow-up phase IB trial using prolonged 24-hr infusion is planned. Supported by ProlX Pharmaceuticals through an award from the NCI. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ProlX Pharmaceuticals ProlX Pharmaceuticals ProlX Pharmaceuticals ProlX Pharmaceuticals Corporation
Incorrect Unit of Measure
Authors: Ben Moscovitch, Josh Rising
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Danni Li, PhD; Angela Radulescu, MD; Rupendra T. Shrestha, MD; Matthew Root, BS; Amy B. Karger, MD, PhD; Anthony A. Killeen, MD, PhD; James S. Hodges, PhD; Shu-Ling Fan, PhD; Angela Ferguson, PhD; Uttam Garg, PhD; Lori J. Sokoll, PhD; Lynn A. Burmeister, MD
Principles and Practices of Clinical Gynecology
Authors: Stanley H. Tischler
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In 1984 I reviewed the first edition of<i>Principles and Practices of Clinical Gynecology</i>, edited by Kase and Weingold. I believed then that it was an excellent textbook, ideal for the student, resident, and attending physician. After reviewing this second edition, I think that excellence has not only been maintained but updated, because all of the important advances in gynecology have been included. The book can serve as a single reference for all who provide health care for women. The senior editors have been joined by David M. Gershenson. There were 22 authors in the first edition, and now there are 38. The section on "Women in Modern Society" has retained two of the four previous contributors: Angela Holder from Yale on "Legal Issues in Gynecology" and Mary Jane Menkin, also from Yale, on "Obstetrics and Rape." Chapters on "Femaleness" and "Sexuality" have departed. "Risk Management" by Marvin Fogel is new.
Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Jay S. Skyler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS)<sup>1-4</sup>was a landmark clinical trial in which intervention involved photocoagulation of one eye (randomly selected), with the fellow eye serving as an untreated control. The DRS findings demonstrated that photocoagulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy resulted in a reduction of severe visual loss over a three-year period from 26.4% in untreated eyes to 10.5% in treated eyes.<sup>2</sup>Moreover, the DRS identified certain characteristics that placed the eye at high risk of severe visual loss; namely (1) eyes with new vessels and preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage; and (2) eyes with new vessels on or within 1 disc diameter of the optic disc equaling or exceeding one fourth to one third of the disc area in extent, even in the absence of preretinal or vitreous hemorrhage.<sup>1-4</sup>On the basis of the identification of those high-risk eyes, the DRS protocol was changed during the course of
Platelet Function
Authors: Aaron J. Marcus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid on Platelet FunctionAspirin and other anti-inflammatory drugs have already been shown to interfere with the platelet-collagen reaction. In rabbits, aspirin and sodium salicylate interfere with platelet aggregation induced by collagen, antigen–antibody complexes, gammaglobulin-coated particles or thrombin.71 The release of ADP and serotonin is also suppressed. ADP-induced aggregation (that is, the primary wave) is not affected. In vivo aspirin and sodium salicylate prolong platelet survival and produce defective primary hemostasis.71 Since aspirin is known to prolong the bleeding time76 77 78 the effects of aspirin ingestion on human platelet aggregation in vitro have been investigated.75, 79 80 81 , 78 These effects may . . .
Officials of the Association 1983-1984
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abdominal and thoracic pressures during defecation.
Journal: BMJ (1979)

window seal.The fact that the authors did not find a perilymph fistula does not exclude this possibility as they can heal very rapidly, as after routine stapedectomy.I note that tinnitus and nausea had resolved by the time of surgery.Incidentally, experimental inocula- tion of mumps virus at the oval window does not lead to labyrinthitis in monkeys.
Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism. Results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED). The PIOPED Investigators
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2643: The Effects of Statin Therapy on Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias - A Meta Analysis
Authors: Kunal Shah, Nikolas Wanahita, Sripal Bangalore, Yili Huang, Maurice Rachko, Paul Schweitzer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Objectives : To assess whether statin therapy is associated with a reduction in ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Background: Statins have been shown to be beneficial beyond their cholesterol-lowering effects. These pleiotropic effects have been implicated in the protection against atrial fibrillation and the reduction in appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate whether statins were associated with a reduction in ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with CAD or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods: The Medline and Cochrane databases were searched from 1966 to April 2007 for English language, prospective, randomized studies looking into the association between the use of statins and the incidence of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). The occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias was defined as the VT/VF occurrence or appropriate ICD therapy for VT/VF. Results: Of the 133 identified articles, 10 prospective randomized studies with 34,794 patients enrolled met our inclusion criteria and were included in this analysis. Using a random effects model, statin therapy was associated with a 26% reduction in the risk of VT/VF when compared to the group not on statin therapy (Pooled RR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.59 – 0.91; P=0.005; Heterogeneity χ 2 =30.02; P&lt;0.0001). There was no publication bias in this analysis (Egger’s test P=0.687). Conclusion: Statin use in patients with CAD or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is associated with a 26% reduction in the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.
Monitoring and Regulating Clinical Software
Authors: Eta S. Berner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 June 1998Monitoring and Regulating Clinical SoftwareEta S. Berner, EdDEta S. Berner, EdDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL 35294Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-12_Part_1-199806150-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Drs. Miller and Gardner and the organizations they represent are to be commended for developing guidelines for monitoring the performance of medical software [1]. Using the concepts of risk to the patient and the opportunity for competent clinician intervention to determine the stringency of the regulation and monitoring is a reasonable way to frame the recommendations. However, in allowing less strict regulation of systems in which a competent clinician has the opportunity to override the system, the authors assume that clinicians will routinely review the system output and will accurately recognize when to ignore the software's suggestions. ...References1. Miller RA, Gardner RM. Summary recommendations for responsible monitoring and regulation of clinical software systems. The American Medical Informatics Association, the Computer-based Patient Record Institute, the Medical Library Association, the Association of Academic Health Science Libraries, the American Health Information Management Association, and the American Nurses Association. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:842-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL 35294 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 12_Part_1Page: 1049-1050KeywordsSystematic reviews Issue Published: 15 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mutation Burden Predicts Anti–PD-1 Response
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2018)

A new study finds that objective response rates to anti-PD-1 therapies correlate with tumor mutation burden for most of the 27 cancer types studied. Objective response rates were higher than expected for Merkel cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma, which may be particularly immunogenic. The objective response rate was unexpectedly low for colorectal cancer with mismatch repair proficiency.
The radioimmunoassay of gastrin. Clinical considerations
Authors: J. E. McGuigan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

GASTRIN, the most powerful known stimulant to acid secretion, plays an important role in regulating this secretion both in health and in various diseases. Recent advances in knowledge and technology have provided means for measuring serum gastrin concentrations by radioimmunoassay methods. Development of these methods was made possible by the elegant investigations of Gregory and Tracy,<sup>1</sup>who purified two gastrins from the antral mucosa. These hormones are polypeptides, each comprised of 17 amino acids (molecular weight, approximately 2,100) that differ only by the presence (gastrin II) or absence (gastrin I) of sulfation of the tyrosine residue in position 12. With the availability of pure gastrin, it was possible to produce antibodies to it and to have pure standards and materials for radioiodination necessary for development of radioimmunoassay methods for its measurement.<sup>2</sup> <h3>ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME</h3> The most important clinical application of serum gastrin measurements is in the diagnosis of Zollinger-Ellison
Ruxolitinib (RUX) in Combination with 5-Azacytidine (AZA) As Therapy for Patients (pts) with Myelofibrosis (MF)
Authors: Naval Daver, Jorge E. Cortes, Naveen Pemmaraju, Elias J. Jabbour, Prithviraj Bose, Lingsha Zhou, Sherry Pierce, Stephanie Van Derbur, Gautam Borthakur, Zeev Estrov, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Srdan Verstovsek
Journal: Blood (2016)
The impact of telemedicine on patient-reported outcomes in urologic oncology.
Authors: Adam John Gadzinski, Isabelle O. Abarro, Blair Stewart, John L. Gore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

200 Background: Nearly 20% of Americans live in rural communities. These individuals face barriers to accessing cancer care, including prevalent poverty and substantial travel burden to seeing cancer providers. We aimed to assess the impact of a rurally focused telemedicine program on patient outcomes in our urologic oncology outpatient clinic. Methods: We prospectively identified patients from rural Washington State, or who lived outside Washington, with a known or suspected urological malignancy being evaluated at the University of Washington Urology Clinic via an in person clinic or a telemedicine appointment. Patients were invited to complete a post-visit survey that assessed satisfaction, travel time, costs, and work absenteeism. We compared patient-reported outcomes between those seen as in-person versus telemedicine visits. Results: We invited 1453 eligible patients from August 2019–July 2020 to participate; 615 patients (42%) completed the survey. 198 patients had in person visits and 417 had telemedicine visits. Median age was 68, 89% were male, and 73% were white. 525 patients (85%) were from Washington; the remainder resided out-of-state. Patients were being evaluated for prostate cancer (62%), kidney cancer (14%), urothelial cancer (22%), and testis cancer (2%). Patient-reported outcomes are displayed in Table. Twenty-two patients coming for in-person visits (11%) paid ≥ $1000 in total travel costs. No differences were noted in patient satisfaction between in-person and telemedicine visit types. Conclusions: Patients traveling to our clinic from out-of-state and rural Washington incur significant travel time, costs, and time away from work to receive outpatient urologic cancer care. Telemedicine provides a medium for cancer care delivery that eliminates the significant travel burden associated with in-person clinic appointments. [Table: see text]
TONSILLECTOMY
Authors: F. J. Steward
Journal: BMJ (1924)

<b>Background:</b> Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is validated for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA -11 PET/CT (PSMA-PET/CT) combined with mpMRI has improved negative predictive value over mpMRI alone for csPCa. The aim of this post-hoc analysis of the PRIMARY study was to evaluate the clinical significance of patterns of intra-prostatic PSMA activity, proposing a 5- point PRIMARY score to optimise accuracy of PSMA-PET/CT for csPCa in a low prevalence population. <b>Methods:</b> The PRIMARY trial is a prospective multi-centre phase II imaging trial that enrolled biopsy-naïve men with suspected PCa, no prior biopsy, recent mpMRI (6 months) and planned for prostate biopsy. 291 men underwent mpMRI, PSMA-PET/CT and systematic +/- targeted biopsy. The mpMRI was read separately using PI-RADS (V2). PSMA-PET/CT (pelvic only) was acquired a minimum 60 minutes post injection. PSMA-PET/CT was centrally read for pattern (diffuse transition zone (TZ), symmetrical central zone (CZ), focal TZ or peripheral zone (PZ), and intensity (SUV<sub>max</sub>). In this post-hoc analysis, a 5-level PRIMARY score was assigned based on analysis of the central read: 1. No pattern, 2. Diffuse TZ or CZ (no focal), 3. Focal TZ, 4. Focal PZ or 5. SUV<sub>max</sub> ≥ 12. Two further readers independently assigned a PRIMARY score to 118 scans for inter-rater agreement. Associations between PRIMARY score and csPCa (ISUP≥2) were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Of 291 men enrolled, 162 (56%) had csPCa. PRIMARY score-1 was present in 16% (47), score-2 in 19% (55), score-3 in 10% (29), score-4 in 40% (117) and score-5 in 15% (43). The proportion of patients with csPCa and PRIMARY score 1 to 5 was 8.5% (4/47), 27% (15/55), 38% (11/29), 76% (89/117) and 100% (43/43) respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV for PRIMARY score 1,2 (low-risk patterns) vs PRIMARY score 3-5 (high-risk patterns) was 88%, 64%, 76% and 81%, compared to 83%, 53%, 69% and 72% for PI-RADS (2 vs 3-5) on mpMRI. The inter-rater agreements for PRIMARY score 1,2 vs. PRIMARY score 3-5 was 0.76 (CI: 0.64-0.88) and 0.64 (CI: 0.49-0.78). <b>Conclusion:</b> A PRIMARY score incorporating intra-prostatic pattern and intensity on PSMA-PET/CT shows potential with high diagnostic accuracy for csPCa. Further validation is warranted prior to implementation.