tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enteroendocrine cells and appetite dysregulation in Crohn's disease
Authors: G. Moran, J. McLaughlin
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Loss of appetite and malnutrition in active Crohn9s disease (CD) are important problems. The biological mechanisms underpinning appetite loss are unclear. Enteroendocrine cells (EEC) form a pivotal part of the brain-gut axis that controls appetite and satiety. They secrete gut hormones such as glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and polypeptide YY (PYY) which act on appetite control centres in the brainstem through an endocrine or paracrine pathway. Recent animal research has suggested that immune-regulated upregulation of proximal CCK-secreting EEC plays a mechanistic role in the appetite and feeding disturbance observed during gut inflammation. We have studied whether distal ileal EEC are perturbed in ileocolonic Crohn9s disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with active intestinal inflammation were studied: active small and large bowel (SB and LB, respectively) CD and age/sex matched controls. Patient symptoms were assessed using a validated visual analogue score (VAS). At tissue level EEC markers and transcription factors have been studied through immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gut hormone responses to a test meal (PYY and GLP-1) were studied using a multiplex-ELISA technique. <h3>Results</h3> CD patients with active inflammation displayed a ∼6-fold significant reduction in appetite parameters as measured by VAS (p &lt; 0.0001). At the tissue level, the general EEC marker chromogranin A showed a 1.8-fold increase in positive cells (p = 0.01), while GLP-1 cells were increased 2.5-fold in SB CD (p = 0.04). PYY cells showed no change in number. Phox2b, a neural transcription factor associated with CD in a recent genome wide association study, was co-localised to EEC through dual immunofluorescence and showed a 1.5-fold increase in SB CD compared to controls. At mRNA level, significant increases were noted for Chromogranin A (3.3-fold; p = 0.009), GLP-1 (2.7-fold p = 0.05), Ubiquitination protein 4a (Ube4a) (2.2-fold p = 0.02) but not PYY. Neurogenin 3, a NOTCH transcription factor central to EEC differentiation also showed ∼2-fold-upregulation (p = 0.04). In plasma, total PYY showed a 2-fold increase in postprandial levels in the SB-CD group compared to controls (p = 0.038). It was not elevated in LB-CD. Active GLP-1 levels were, however, not elevated. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Measurable changes were observed in distal small intestinal EEC markers in active CD, including elements of both GLP-1 and PYY. These data support a potential role of EEC in appetite dysregulation in intestinal inflammation. Measurements of gut hormones in peripheral blood may not adequately reflect biologically important changes occurring at the epithelial level. Enhanced EEC responses to nutrients may adversely affect appetite through increased gut-brain signalling, and provide novel therapeutic targets. Further work is underway to further dissect this neuroendocrine circuitry.
Caveolin-1–eNOS signaling promotes p190RhoGAP-A nitration and endothelial permeability
Authors: M. Rizwan Siddiqui, Yulia A. Komarova, Stephen M. Vogel, Xiaopei Gao, Marcelo G. Bonini, Johnson Rajasingh, You-Yang Zhao, Viktor Brovkovych, Asrar B. Malik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2011)
Dr. Brücke Did Not Go to East Indies
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Natural History of Multiple Sclerosis with Childhood Onset
Authors: Christel Renoux, Sandra Vukusic, Yann Mikaeloff, Gilles Edan, Michel Clanet, Bénédicte Dubois, Marc Debouverie, Bruno Brochet, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Jean Pelletier, Thibault Moreau, Catherine Lubetzki, Patrick Vermersch, Etienne Roullet, Laurent Magy, Marc Tardieu, Samy Suissa, Christian Confavreux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

We used data from 13 adult neurology departments affiliated with the European Database for Multiple Sclerosis (EDMUS) network to identify a cohort of 394 patients who had multiple sclerosis with an onset at 16 years of age or younger and a comparison group of 1775 patients who had multiple sclerosis with an onset after 16 years of age. We determined the initial clinical features, the dates of disease onset, and the occurrence of outcomes, including relapse, conversion to secondary progression, and irreversible disability as measured by scores of 4 (limited walking ability but ability to walk more than 500 m without aid or rest), 6 (ability to walk with unilateral support no more than 100 m without rest), and 7 (ability to walk no more than 10 m without rest while using a wall or furniture for support) on the Kurtzke Disability Status Scale (range, 0 to 10; higher scores indicate more severe disability).
Peter Devlin
Authors: B. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> In recent years, genome-scan methods have been extensively used to detect signatures of selection and introgression. Here, we compare the latest genome-scan methods with non-parametric <i>k</i>-nearest neighbors (kNN) anomaly detection algorithms, while incorporating pairwise Fixation Index (<i>F</i><sub><i>ST</i></sub>) estimates and pairwise nucleotide differences (<i>d</i><sub><i>xy</i></sub>) as features. Simulations were performed for both positive directional selection and introgression, with varying parameters, such as recombination rates, population background histories, the proportion of introgression, and the time of gene flow. We find that kNN-based methods perform remarkably well while yielding stable results almost over the entire range of <i>k</i>. Furthermore, the weighted-kNN algorithm for detecting directional selection, and the INFLO (Influenced Outlierness) algorithm for detecting introgression, outperform recently published methods. We provide a GitHub repository (<i>pievos101/kNN-Genome-Scans</i>) containing R source code to demonstrate how to apply the proposed methods to real-world genomic data using the population genomics R-package PopGenome.
Hyperthyroidism
Authors: DAVID H. SOLOMON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

The hypothesis that uncoupled or loosely coupled oxidative phosphorylation is a fundamental abnormality in hyperthyroidism is no longer tenable. Rather, mitochondria from hyperthyroid muscle are increased in number but normal in phosphorylative behavior. Sarcotubular vesicles are also increased in amount and appear normal in biochemical function. The cause of muscle weakness remains unknown. The clinical features of hyperthyroidism are reviewed, with personal observations on their usefulness in diagnosis. The syndrome of Graves' disease is defined as a tri-system disease (thyroid, eye, and skin), and the autoimmune hypothesis of its origin is discussed in the light of the properties of the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS), an immunoglobulin unique to Graves' disease. The choice of treatment of hyperthyroidism is still a matter for controversy. It is agreed that subtotal thyroidectomy, radioiodine, and antithyroid drugs, all have a role in treatment, but opinions differ on their comparative usefulness in various types of patients.
EORTC Symposium on Advances in Cancer Chemotherapy
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1979)

Journal Article EORTC Symposium on Advances in Cancer Chemotherapy Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 62, Issue 4, April 1979, Page 1118, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/62.4.1118 Published: 01 April 1979
A phase I trial of an anti-pka oligonucleotide (GEM231) administered with weekly CPT-11
Authors: A. C. Lockhart, C. M. Rudin, J. D. Berlin, B. J. Roth, K. R. Hande, R. R. Martin, T. M. Sullivan, J. M. Grindel, R. Zhang, M. L. Rothenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2074 Background: PKA RIa is a primary mediator of cAMP activity and is upregulated in many cancers. GEM231 (G) is a 2nd generation RNA/DNA oligonucleotide targeting the PKA regulatory subunit (RIa). Preclinically, G has synergistic antitumor effects when combined with irinotecan (IRI). Methods: This study evaluated the safety, PK, and biological profile of IRI combined with. Initially IRI was administered at 85 mg/m2 q wk X 4 along with G (40, 80 or 120 mg/m2/d for 5d X 4 wks) followed by a 2 wk rest. Due to DLTs (see table) in initial cohorts, the protocol was amended to administer full dose IRI (125 mg/m2) with a lower dose of G (20 mg/m2/day x 5) by a 2 wk on 1 wk off schedule. Additional PK sampling (@ 48 hrs) was added to evaluate the potential for altered SN-38 clearance by G, as found in preclinical models. Extracellular PKA (ECPKA) is measured in plasma at baseline and weekly thereafter. Results: 19 patients were enrolled on the original protocol, and 3 patients have received treatment on the amended dosing schedule. Patient demographics: 16 male/6 female, median age: 55 (30–71), and median ECOG PS: 1 (0–2). Minimum plasma ECPKA activity after G infusion was significantly (p<0.001) decreased relative to baseline. Overall SN-38 AUCs appeared to be lower than reported in the literature, however, PK sampling ended at 24 hrs in the initial patient cohorts and may have underestimated SN-38 AUC. Conclusions: Study accrual continues at the 125/20-dose level. Alteration in the dose/toxicity profile for IRI and reduction in ECPKA suggest a clinically relevant effect for this drug combination. PK assessments beyond 24 hours and evaluation of ECPKA as a biomarker continue, including variations of ECPKA by tumor type. Supported by Hybridon and NIH (VICC #P30 CA68485; GCRC #RR00095). Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Hybridon, Inc. Hybridon, Inc. Hybridon, Inc. Hybridon
Significance of pathologic response to preoperative therapy in pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Y. S. Chun, H. S. Cooper, J. C. Watson, J. P. Hoffman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

4067 Background: Pathologic response to preoperative therapy is increasingly recognized as an important prognostic factor in solid tumors. The impact of pathologic response on survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is not well established. Methods: Data on 135 consecutive patients treated with gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil-based chemoradiation followed by pancreatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head and/or body between July 1987 and May 2009 were reviewed. Prospective histopathologic examination was performed in 108 patients to determine pathologic response, defined as minor (<50% fibrosis relative to residual neoplastic cells), partial (50- 94% fibrosis), and major (95-100% fibrosis). Results: Minor, partial, and major pathologic response rates were 17% (n=18), 64% (n=69), and 19% (n=21), including a 7% (n=8) complete pathologic response rate. Pathologic response correlated with R0 resection (p=0.019), positive lymph nodes (p=0.006), and tumor size (p=0.001, Table). Median survival rates by pathologic response were as follows: 10 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 0-25 months) minor response, 14 months (95% CI, 11-17 months) partial response, and 51 months (95% CI, 29-73 months) major response (minor vs. partial response, p=not significant; partial vs. major response, p=0.011). Multivariate analysis revealed that major pathologic response (p=.029; hazard ratio [HR], 2.51) and R0 resection (p=0.001; HR, 2.33) were independent predictors of survival. Conclusions: Major pathologic response to preoperative therapy occurs in a minority of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and is independently associated with prolonged survival. Pathologic response R0 resection, n (%) Positive lymph nodes, n (%) Median tumor size (range), cm Minor, n = 18 12 (67%) 4 (22%) 3.5 (1-5.5) Partial, n = 69 36 (52%) 24 (35%) 2.5 (1-5.7) Major, n = 21 18 (86%) 0 0.3 (0-6.5) No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Palmar Pallor as an Indicator for Anthelminthic Treatment Among Ill Children Aged 2-4 Years—Western Kenya, 1998
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Infections with the soil-transmitted intestinal helminths (i.e., Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm), estimated to affect approximately 1 billion persons, are among the most common and widespread human infections. Among children aged <5 years, intestinal helminth infections cause malnutrition and anemia, two important causes of mortality. Anthelminthic treatment (deworming) improves nutritional status of school-aged children. The World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have developed guidelines that include interventions for anemia and malnutrition in the integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) for children aged <5 years seen at first-level health-care facilities in developing countries. Under the IMCI guidelines, in geographic areas where hookworm or Trichuris infections are endemic, children aged 2-4 years with palmar pallor are treated with an anthelminthic drug. This report summarizes an investigation of the use of palmar pallor as an indication for anthelminthic treatment among ill children aged 2-4 years seen at first-level health-care facilities in rural western Kenya; the investigation found that palmar pallor was associated with anemia but not with intestinal helminth infection.
"DETOXIFYING DEVICES IN THE LIVING BODY"
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TREATMENT OF PYLOROSPASM IN INFANTS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Toxic shock syndrome in Oregon. Risk of recurrence
Authors: S. D. Helgerson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To define the risk of having a recurrence of toxic shock syndrome, we collected information on 53 cases (42 definite and 11 probable cases) that occurred in Oregon between Jan 1, 1980, and May 30, 1982. For the 777 person-months for which follow-up information was available, only one probable recurrent case of toxic shock syndrome occurred. The low frequency of recurrences may be associated with the high frequency (91%) with which β-lactamase—resistant antibiotics were used in initial episodes of toxic shock syndrome and with the relatively low proportion (44%) of menstruating women who resumed the use of tampons after their first episode. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:3402-3404)
Preliminary report of an international outbreak of Salmonella anatum infection linked to an infant formula milk
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

The number of isolates of Salmonella anatum from infants (aged 1 to 11 months) in England and Wales was higher than expected in November and December 1996 and early January. The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (LEP)
Carbon Black
Authors: Robert J. McCunney, Peter Morfeld, Len Levy, Henry Muranko
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

mental design may under lie observed differ ences in sensitivity to detect neuro toxicity, possibly because of differences in bio kinetics and exposure during sensitive windows of development.Fortunately, much effort is tak ing place in the scientific community to opti mize experi mental designs at different levels of biological complexity, including (develop mental) neuro behavioral studies.Although a critical review on the impact of different experi mental designs for in vivo (developmen tal) neuro toxicity studies would be very use ful, it was beyond the scope of our review (Dingemans et al. 2011).
Abstract O.69: Coronary Vessel Wall Imaging By Using Multi-detector Computed Tomography And Outcomes In Patients Long After Kawasaki Disease: Potential For Risk Stratification
Authors: Hiroyuki Ohashi, Kakuya Kitagawa, Hirohumi Sawada, Hidetoshi Hayakawa, Shoichiro Otsuki, Noriko Yodoya, Hajime Sakuma, Yoshihiro Komada, Yoshihide Mitani
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in adults after Kawasaki disease (KD), acute thrombosis occurs in culprit lesions with calcified intima even in the absence of giant aneurysms (AN) or severe stenosis. Recently, multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), a non-invasive modality, was shown to have good diagnostic accuracy of detecting IVUS-defined intimal thickening and calcification. We investigated whether MDCT-derived vessel wall lesions are associated with coronary artery lesions (CAL) and outcomes in patients long after KD. Methods: MDCT was performed and analyzed (Vitrea fX, vs2.0, VITAL) in patients ≥10 years after KD, in which CAL were determined by ultrasound (US) during acute KD and serial CAG (if CAL was detected by US). Any discernible structure under the luminal surface with the CT density with or without areas ≥ 130 Hounsfield units, was defined as a calcified or noncalcified intima. Results: A total of 42 patients (median age 19.7 yo, male 64%, median interval after KD 17.5 y) were recruited and followed-up for 4.0 years (median) (range 0.1-5.5): 23 (55%) patients have any CAL in any segments, including regressed AN in 42 segments, persistent AN in 27 segments, localized stenosis (LS) in 7 segments; normal coronary artery from the onset was found in 225 segments in total patients. MDCT findings revealed no intimal lesions in 271 segments, 6 non-calcified intima, and 24 calcified intima; Mean (range) value of Agatston calcium score was 140 (0-2247) with zero value in 29 (69%). Normal segments from the onset exhibited no intimal lesions (225/225, 100%); regressed AN exhibited no intima (35/42, 83%), non-calcified intima (2/42, 5%), and calcified intima (5/42, 12%); persistent AN exhibited no intima (11/27, 41%), noncalcified intima (4/27, 15%), and calcified intima (12/27, 44%); all the LSs exhibited calcified intima (7/7, 100%). In the follow-up after MDCT, a 23 year-old patient (calcium score 17) had ACS at the culprit lesion with LS &lt;50% and calcified intima; another 16 year-old patient (calcium score 545) had asymptomatic myocardial infarction at the culprit lesion with persistent aneurysm and calcified intima. Conclusions: Coronary vessel wall imaging by using MDCT may have a potential role for risk stratification of adults after KD.
Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors following partial hepatectomy Dept. of Surgical Research, Children's Hospital, and *Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

To determine if human oviduct expresses messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) encoding insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), if oviductal epithelium secretes IGFBPs into conditioned medium (CM), and if IGFBP secretion is regulated by steroid hormones.Northern blots of RNA, isolated from late proliferative phase human fimbria and oviductal isthmus, were probed with complementary deoxyribonucleic acids encoding IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4. In addition, oviductal ampullary epithelial cells were cultured with and without estrogen and/or progesterone (P), and IGFBPs were examined in CM by Western ligand blot analysis and identified using specific antisera.Tissue was obtained from hysterectomy specimens at Stanford University Hospital, a private teaching institution.Patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign disease.None.Transcripts of IGFBP mRNA and IGFBPs secreted into CM were detected by autoradiography of Northern and Western ligand blots, respectively.Messenger RNA transcripts encoding IGFBP-2, -3, and -4 were detected, whereas IGFBP-1 mRNA was barely detectable in oviductal tissue. In CM, IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-3 were detected, as was a unique 24–kd IGFBP, although IGFBP-1 was not observed. Estrogen and/or P did not regulate the secretion of these IGFBPs by cultured oviductal epithelium.Human oviduct expresses mRNAs encoding IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and IGFBP-4, and in vitro oviductal epithelium secretes IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, and a unique binding protein of 24 kd, which may be the recently identified IGFBP-4.