tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOLAR SYSTEM.
Authors: None Sigma
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Matter, besides possessing its qualities and properties, exists in the solid, liquid, gaseous and fourth or<i>single atom</i>states. The sun emits a compound ray of carbon and hydrogen in this state not in direct rays but in the form of a slightly-spiral shaped figure eight, whose outward and downward rays pass between the orbits of Saturn and Uranus onwards and upwards, lapping over and around the planets of Neptune and Uranus, causing the retrograde motion of both planets and satellites when they again dip downwards and homewards toward the sun, thus forming one vast globe of light and heat, the matter of which is not cast into space, but returns, carrying with it the cosmic matter of other worlds as food for the<i>strata</i>of<i>chlorine gas</i>enveloping the sun, by which it is burned, causing<i>light</i>. The hydrogen is the reflecting ray and<i>reflects</i>the sun's light in
“Cortical drive to breathe in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a dyspnoea-worsening defence?” Marjolaine Georges, Elise Morawiec, Mathieu Raux, Jésus Gonzalez-Bermejo, Pierre-François Pradat, Thomas Similowski and Capucine Morélot-Panzini. <i>Eur Respir J</i> 2016; 47: 1818–1828.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2016)
KENTUCKY STATE MEDICAL SOCIETY.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Triple pylorus
Authors: E. Burri, D. Toia, R. Meier
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 73-year-old woman was investigated for epigastric pain. Her medical history included coronary heart disease, which was being treated with aspirin 100 mg once daily. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed severe inflammation of the antrum and prepyloric region. There was pronounced edema of the pylorus, partially occluding the passage into the duodenal bulb and descending part of the duodenum, both of which showed normal mucosa. No peptic ulcer was identified and biopsy specimens were negative for Helicobacter pylori. A double contrast study of the stomach demonstrated a filiform pyloric stenosis and a single orifice with no gastroduodenal fistula ([Fig. 1]). Endosonography with sampling for histological examination was carried out to exclude malignancy, and acid suppression therapy was started. A follow-up endoscopy after 3 months showed resolution of the mucosal inflammation. Inspection of the pyloric region now revealed a triple pylorus ([Fig. 2]). All three orifices were lined by normal gastroduodenal mucosa and allowed free passage into the duodenum ([Video 1]). The patient was asymptomatic and reported no signs of delayed gastric emptying. Antacid therapy with proton pump inhibitors was continued and 1 year later, the patient is doing well.
Rhinitis and Asthma
Authors: Michael Kaliner
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ALTHOUGH both rhinitis and asthma occur without a recognized allergic mechanism, IgE-mediated inflammation is usually found in both diseases. It is estimated that 40 million Americans (nearly 25%) have asthma and other allergic diseases. Other figures compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics underscore the magnitude of this health burden.<sup>1</sup>In fact, allergic rhinitis accounts for more than 3% of all office visits.<sup>1</sup>The prevalence of the common allergic diseases<sup>2</sup>is shown in Table 3-1. <h3>ALLERGENS IN ALLERGIC DISEASES</h3> Inhalant allergens are most frequently involved in allergic respiratory diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. These antigens, which directly impact on the respiratory mucosa, are usually derived from natural organic sources, such as house dust, pollens, mold spores, and insect and animal emanations. Chemicals and irritants from the workplace have been increasingly recognized as a cause of rhinitis, asthma, or both. A few aeroallergens have been
From the NIH: Some side effects of phenytoin are studied
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 19: Effects of Stomach Inflation on Hemodynamic and Pulmonary Function During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pigs
Authors: Peter Paal, Andreas Neurauter, Michael Loedl, Daniel Pehböck, Holger Herff, Achim von Goedecke, Karl H Lindner, Volker Wenzel
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background : Stomach inflation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is frequent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of different levels of stomach inflation on hemodynamic and pulmonary function during CPR in a porcine model. Methods: After 4min of ventricular fibrillation, randomization to 0, 5, or 10L of stomach inflation was performed in 21 piglets. Basic life support CPR was then initiated for 3min, followed by a combination of epinephrine (45mcg/kg) and vasopressin (0.4U/kg) and defibrillation 2min later, and a post resuscitation phase of 30min. Kruskal-Wallis test was used for analysis; results are given as median (range). Results : During basic life support CPR, 0, 5, and 10L stomach inflation resulted in comparable coronary perfusion pressure between groups [10 (2–20), 8 (4–35), and 5 (0 –18) mmHg, respectively]. Increasing (0, 5, and 10L) stomach inflation resulted in significantly (P&lt;.05) decreasing static pulmonary compliance [52 (38 –98), 19 (8 –32), and 12 (7–15) mL/cmH 2 O, respectively], and significantly increasing mean airway pressure during mechanical ventilation [14 (12–15), 26 (20 – 66), and 40 (13– 46) cmH 2 O]. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen was significantly higher with 0L when compared with 5 and 10L stomach inflation, but comparable between 5 and 10L stomach inflation [378 (88–440), 58 (47–113), and 54 (43–126) mmHg, respectively]. Similarly, arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide was significantly lower with 0L when compared with 5 and 10L of stomach inflation [30 (24–36), 41(34 –51), and 56 (45– 68) mmHg, respectively]. Return of spontaneous circulation rates were comparable between groups [5/7 in 0L, 4/7 in 5L, and 3/7 in 10L stomach inflation]. Conclusion : In this CPR model, increasing levels of stomach inflation had adverse effects on pulmonary, but not on hemodynamic function.
Abstract 2398: Polymorphisms of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes Act Synergistically to Increase the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Akiyoshi Ogimoto, Hideki Okayama, Tomoaki Ohtsuka, Jun Suzuki, Katsuji Inoue, Kazuhisa Nishimura, Takayuki Nagai, Yuji Shigematsu, Mareomi Hamada, Jitsuo Higaki
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background: Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have a small left ventricular cavity size due to hypertrophy. Therefore, reduction of venous return and intravascular volume in patients with HCM leads to low cardiac output and hypotension. We reported that the angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/insertion (ACE I/I) genotype, which leads to inhibitory renin-angiotensin system, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events (CE) in patients with HCM. Recently, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism (Glu298Asp), which plays an important role in the modulation of cardiovascular physiology, is reported to be associated with heart diseases. Methods and Results: Genotyping at these loci was performed in 150 patients with HCM. This study design was a nested case-control study. The cardiovascular events were defined as cardiac death and hospitalization for stroke or congestive heart failure. Patients were divided into two groups: group A of 44 patients (29%) with one or more history of the cardiovascular events and group B of 106 patients (71%) without history of the cardiovascular events. Logistic-regression methods were used to determine the potential effect of each genotype and the interaction between them on the risk of CE. The odds ratio for cardiovascular events among persons who had ACE I/I genotype as compared with those with the other ACE genotypes was 2.5 (P &lt; 0.01). In a dominant Asp allele model of the eNOS gene polymorphism, there was a significant difference in genotypes between the two groups (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, there was a marked increase in the risk of CE among persons who were homozygous for both genotypes (ACE I/I and eNOS 298Glu/Glu) (odds ratio, 2.7, P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: The ACE I/I and eNOS 298Glu/Glu act synergistically to increase the risk of CE in patients with HCM. Genotyping at these two loci may be a useful approach for identification of persons with HCM at risk for CE.
ESGE Newsletter
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

The ESGE Quality Improvement Committee (ESGE QIC) is a recently launched ESGE initiative. Its mission is to improve the global quality of endoscopy and the delivery of patient-centered endoscopy services. It aims to promote a unifying theme of quality of endoscopy within ESGE activities, achieved by collaborating with other ESGE committees and working groups, and underpinned by a clear “quality improvement framework”. ESGE QIC wishes to assist all endoscopy units and endoscopists in achieving these standards.
Hepatology Highlights
Authors: Pir A. Shah, Daryl T.Y. Lau, Nicholas W. Russo, Robert S. Brown, Jessica L. Maiers, Robert E. Schwartz, Norihiro Imai, Tibor I. Krisko, Amaia Navarro‐Corcuera, Nidhi Jalan‐Sakrikar, Joseph F. Pisa, Arun B. Jesudian, Zaid H. Tafesh, Brett E. Fortune, Enis Kostallari
Journal: Hepatology (2020)

Shah, Pir A.; Lau, Daryl T.Y.; Russo, Nicholas W.; Brown, Robert S. Jr.; Maiers, Jessica L.; Schwartz, Robert E.; Imai, Norihiro; Krisko, Tibor I.; Navarro‐Corcuera, Amaia; Jalan‐Sakrikar, Nidhi; Pisa, Joseph F.; Jesudian, Arun B.; Tafesh, Zaid H.; Fortune, Brett E.; Kostallari, Enis Author Information
Errata
Authors: R Elkington
Journal: BMJ (1910)

J. H. asks whether there are any institutions which would receive a case of neurasthenia in a woman of the poorer classes.* he Lewes Road Hospital, Brighton, has for its object "to provide early treatment for cases of serious nervous breakdown among poor women and girls," and would probably be serviceable.Application should be made to the Matron, 101, Round Hill Crescent, Brighton.VACCINE TREATMENT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.MORION asks for information as to the success of vaccine treat- ment in rheumaboid arthritis, some reference to the mode of using it, and if likely to be successful in cases of some length of standing, where almost all the joints are affected.TRYPSOGEN TREATMENT OF DIABETES.
GI highlights from the literature
Authors: Philip J Smith
Journal: Gut (2021)

NASH remains an enormous clinical problem with limited medical therapies to prevent end-stage liver disease and cancer.Emerging data have suggested a role in the so-called Notch intercellular signalling pathway in NASH-related fibrosis.To examine this further, Yu et al combined analysis of human tissue and mechanistic preclinical mouse studies.First, by retrospectively examining clinical trial data, they observed that the Notch ligand Jagged 1 (Jag1) was the only Notch pathway component that differed between those who responded to trial therapy (pioglitazone or vitamin E) versus non-responders, an observation supported by an independent NASH cohort.In a mouse model, they confirmed zonal hepatocellular Jag1 expression with dietary induced NASH.Using hepatocytespecific knockout of the Jag1 gene, they prevented juxtaposed hepatocytes activating the Notch pathway, reducing both stellate cell activation and fibrosis deposition.Conversely, overexpressing Jag1 in hepatocytes resulted in increased fibrosis once mice were fed a NASH-inducing diet.Using a Jag1 promoter reporter, they showed that inflammatory signalling from nuclear factor kappalight-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and Toll-like receptor 4 directly activated this process.Translational therapy, using an antisense oligonucleotide to prevent Jag1 activity in hepatocytes, was tested in mice.This was not only well tolerated and reduced Jag1 and Notch-pathway activation but also reduced fibrosis both in early and established disease.It remains unclear if these studies in shortterm preclinical models will be translatable to human and whether they will impact on cirrhotic disease and other complications such as hepatocellular carcinoma but they provide an exciting step towards a novel therapy for both NASH-disease treatment and prevention. JournalScan
Improved management of acute embolism and thrombosis with an embolectomy catheter
Authors: J. L. Chassin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A modification of the balloon-catheter technique permits the safe extraction of emboli and thrombi through remote arteriotomy incisions made at sites selected because of accessibility with the patient under local anesthesia and the absence of local calcified plaques. This has been valuable in removing emboli and thrombi from the aorta and the popliteal, axillary, superior mesenteric, and internal carotid arteries. Because of the efficacy of the catheter in removing a propagated thrombus, successful embolectomy and thrombectomy has been accomplished even after a delay of 3 to 21 days. With this improvement in technique, surgery should be considered the preferred form of therapy for acute popliteal and axillarybrachial arterial occlusions.
Characterization of a swelling-activated anion conductance in homozygous typing cell hepatoma cells
Authors: K Bodily
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Liver cell volume and intracellular ion concentrations are maintained within a narrow physiologic range by regulated changes in membrane ion permeability. These studies of homozygous HTC hepatoma cells, a model liver cell line, evaluate the relationship between cell volume and membrane ion permeability, and assess the possibility that cell swelling allows the efflux of the intracellular osmolite taurine through the opening of a conductive pathway. Cell swelling induced by exposure to hypotonic solutions (203 mOsm) caused a rapid increase in cell volume, followed by recovery toward basal values. Volume recovery was inhibited by Cl− depletion or by exposure to the putative Cl− channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropyl-amino) benzoic acid (NPPB) (25 μmol/L). Swelling increased the efflux rates of 36Cl (181% ± 15%, P < .01) and 125I (310% ± 21%, P < .01). In whole cell patch clamp recordings, cell swelling induced by 1) exposure to hypotonic solution or 2) intracellular perfusion with hypertonic sucrose-containing solutions activated an anion-selective current which was outwardly rectified and showed time-dependent inactivation at depolarizing potentials. The current density at -80 mV increased proportionally with increases in the transmembrane osmotic gradient from basal values of -1 pA/pF to maximal values of 70 pA/pF with 100 mmol/L sucrose in the pipette. Basal taurine permeability was low, but cell swelling increased the efflux of [1,2-3H]taurine to 1,587% ± 172% of basal levels (P < .05). Intracellular perfusion with hypertonic solutions activated currents carried by anionic taurine, with an estimated taurine/Cl− permeability ratio of .88 ± .17 for whole cell currents. These studies demonstrate that the HTC membrane anion permeability is closely coupled to changes in cell volume, and that the recovery from swelling depends upon activation of anion-selective conductance pathways permeable to both Cl− and taurine.
Trend of mortality from cancer of the breast
Authors: A. S. Kraus
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SHIMKIN<sup>1</sup>has commented on the nearly stable levels of the death rate, the incidence rate, and the survival rate for cancer of the breast in the United States in recent decades. The statistics he used were all total rates, adjusted for changes in the age distribution of the population, and he made no reference to trends in the rates for specific age groups. He infers from the stability of these ageadjusted total rates that etiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic factors have remained either stationary or in a state of balance. As an example, he believes that the stable rates are evidence against importantetiologic roles for nonlactation or for use of exogenous estrogens, since it is believed that these factors have exhibited upward or downward trends. We have recently examined the trend of the age-color-specific death rates from cancer of the breast in the United States,<sup>2</sup>and these suggest
National Conference on Human Values and Cancer: Psychological, Social, and Ethical Issues
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1980)

Journal Article National Conference on Human Values and Cancer: Psychological, Social, and Ethical Issues Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 65, Issue 5, November 1980, Page 1197, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/65.5.1197-d Published: 01 November 1980
A RAPID CULTURAL METHOD OF DIAGNOSING DIPHTHERIA
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patients’ perceptions of early palliative oncology care: A qualitative analysis.
Authors: Breffni Hannon, Nadia Swami, Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Natasha B. Leighl, Amit M. Oza, Malcolm J. Moore, Gary Rodin, Ian Tannock, Camilla Zimmermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

138 Background: Early palliative care referral is encouraged for patients with advanced cancer. However, little is known about patients’ perceptions of the impact and relevance of early referral. We conducted a qualitative study in which patients with advanced cancer were interviewed following completion of a randomized controlled trial comparing early palliative care with standard oncology care. Our aim was to delineate what, in the opinion of patients, were the respective roles of the oncology and palliative care teams in an outpatient setting. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with patients following completion of a cluster randomised controlled trial of early versus routine palliative care referral. Participants were recruited from 24 medical oncology clinics at a comprehensive cancer center. Selective sampling was employed to ensure equivalent numbers of participants from intervention vs. control arms, male vs. female, age ≥60 vs. &lt;60 years, with high vs. low self-reported quality of life, and with high vs. low satisfaction with care. Forty-eight patients (26 intervention and 22 control) with advanced lung, breast, gynecological, gastrointestinal and genitourinary cancers completed interviews lasting 25 to 90 minutes. Control patients were asked about the role of oncology; intervention patients were asked about both teams. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using NVivo. A grounded theory approach was used to explore emerging themes. Results: Several themes emerged in relation to the contrast between oncology (OC) and palliative care (PC) including (1) the focus of the consultation, with OC tending to focus on cancer or treatment options while PC was regarded as being more holistic, including physical, psychological and family domains; (2) the model of care delivery, with OC described as being clinician-led and time-limited, in contrast with PC where time was more flexible and the patient set the agenda; and (3) the complementary nature of early palliative care alongside standard oncology care in terms of overall well-being. Conclusions: From a patient perspective, palliative care and medical oncology have distinct and complementary roles, supporting the relevance of early referral.