tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epicene pronouns--obliterate, slash, or pluralize?
Authors: Steven H. Miles
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Cataract surgery, usually a brief, outpatient procedure, is neither minor nor trivial in the skill it requires, the dedication of its practitioners, its benefits, its psychological immediacy to patients, the potential morbidity of its thankfully rare complications, or its costs. Nevertheless, I suspect that physicians and the most ardent proponents of respect for a patient's perceptions could probably agree that Maude's equation of the risks and burdens of cataract extraction with those of an emergency cholecystectomy in 1940 was irrational. Five years ago, the Food and Drug Administration found that a large majority of the 3.5% to 8% rate of sight-threatening (not life-threatening) complications of this procedure could be treated with excellent recovery of vision, even in persons more than 80 years old.<sup>1</sup>By contrast, a recent study<sup>2</sup>found that cholecystectomy in persons more than 70 years of age carries a 44% rate of major complications
Selected Abstracts
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacterial Vaginosis
Authors: Mark B. Mengel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It is with great interest that I read the article by Swedberg et al,<sup>1</sup>as bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a problem that I often confront in my clinical practice. Unfortunately, the authors' conclusions do not seem justified from the data presented. First, the comparability of the two treatment groups was not demonstrated. Most authors of randomized trials display a table in which the two treatment groups are compared on variables of interest, especially risk factors for the disease, as randomization alone does not ensure comparability between the treatment groups. Since in this study comparability of the two treatment groups with respect to known BV risk factors<sup>2</sup>was not established, a significant risk factor difference in the two treatment groups could explain the results of this study. Second, the criteria used to judge cure at 21 days were not the same as the criteria used at
Abstract 976: The systematic identification of novel immune checkpoint averting the metastasis of ovarian cancer: The role of IL20/IL24-IL20RA axis
Authors: Jia Li, Qin Xuan, JIE SHI, Longlong Wang, Yi Shi, Rong Xiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2020)

Abstract Ovarian cancer has high mortality among all gynecological malignancies due to the lack of clear symptoms at early stage and the metastasis of cancer cells when diagnosed with advanced stage. The disseminated ovarian cancer cells have to overcome the immune surveillance in abdominal environment, which are rich in many types of immune cells, to survive and proliferate. However, the key genes and mechanisms preventing the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells into abdominal sites keep largely unexplored. Here, through an in vivo, genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening, we identified IL-20/IL24-IL20RA as a key checkpoint preventing the abdominal metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. In ovarian cancer patients, the level of IL20RA is dramatically decreased in metastatic cancer cells when compared with that in primary sites. Overexpression of IL20RA in highly metastatic ovarian cancer cells greatly suppressed the abdominal metastasis of ovarian cancer and the formation of ascites. In contrast, silencing IL20RA could increase the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. We further examined IL20RA mediated crosstalk between the disseminated cancer cells and the immuno-microenvironment in mouse in vivo ovarian cancer models and in vitro co-culture experiments. Silencing IL20RA in ovarian cancer cells resulted in a dramatic decrease of M1 subtype of macrophages and increase of the M2 subtype of macrophages without affecting the population of T and B lymphocytes in ascites. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the ovarian cancer cells, when invaded into the abdominal sites, greatly induced the mesothelial cells in peritoneum to produce IL20RA ligands, i.e., IL-20 and IL-24, which in turn activated the IL20RA downstream signaling in ovarian cancer cells to trigger the production and maturation of IL-18. IL-18, when secreted into the microenvironment, was able to promote the polarization of macrophages into M1-subtype to clear the cancer cells. Thus, we identified a novel immune checkpoint IL-20/IL24-IL20RA that was always downregulated in metastatic ovarian cancer cells to prevent the formation of an anti-tumor immune microenvironment, which could be utilized to develop new strategies for the immunotherapy of ovarian cancers. Citation Format: Jia Li, Qin Xuan, JIE SHI, Longlong Wang, Yi Shi, Rong Xiang. The systematic identification of novel immune checkpoint averting the metastasis of ovarian cancer: The role of IL20/IL24-IL20RA axis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 976.
A NEW RECTAL SPECULUM.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15989: Exercise Training Improves Aerobic Capacity and Right Ventricular Function in a Rat Model of Chronic Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Evandro M Neto-Neves, Mary B Brown, Jeffrey A Kline
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction worsens outcome after pulmonary embolism. This study investigated whether aerobic exercise training may induce salutary RV adaptations to improve RV contractility and exercise capacity in a rat model of chronic PE (CPE). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400g) received a single dose of polystyrene microspheres (221.000/100g, 85 μm, jugular vein) and SU 5416 (20mg/kg, s.c.) to produce CPE with pulmonary hypertension (CPE, n=6), or vehicle (Sham, n=4). A subgroup of Sham and CPE (Sham+EXE and CPE+EXE, n=4-6) underwent 6 weeks of treadmill training at mild relative intensity (50% of VO 2 max), 60 min, 5x/wk. Sedentary counterparts were placed on a stationary treadmill (Sham+SED and CPE+SED, n=4-6). VO 2 max was assessed via analysis of expired gases at three time points: pre-CPE, 3 days and 6 weeks after CPE induction. Echocardiography and in-vivo RV cannulation were performed during the 6 th week. Hearts were extirpated and perfused via the aorta using Langendorff’s technique. Results: CPE+SED had lower (p&lt;0.05) VO 2 max (in ml/kg/hr) at 3 days (2491±250), and 6 weeks (2791±121) post-CPE, vs. Sham+SED (3 days: 3407±151; 6 weeks: 3876±68). Exercise training attenuated CPE-induced decrement in VO 2 max (CPE+EXE, 3087±93 ml/kg/hr, p&lt;0.05 vs. CPE+SED). Echocardiography indicated increased RV wall thickness and RV/LV ratio, and reduced RV fractional shortening, following CPE (CPE+SED vs. SHAM+SED, p&lt;0.05), the last two were improved by exercise training (CPE+EXE vs. CPE+SED, p&lt;0.05). In vivo measures of RV systolic pressure and dP/dtmax increased following CPE (85±10 mmHg and 3317±599 mmHg/s for CPE+SED vs 24±01 mmHg and 1312±68 mmHg/s for SHAM+SED, p&lt;0.05), and were not affected by exercise (p&gt;0.05 vs. CPE+EXE). When adjusted for RV mass, RV contractile function decreased significantly post-CPE, CPE+SED (100±7.7 mm Hg/g) vs SHAM+SED (322±19, p&lt;0.05) and tended to be improved by exercise (CPE+EXE 137±5.5, p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: In rats with CPE and severe pulmonary hypertension, mild exercise training improved aerobic capacity coincident with a trend toward improved RV contractility. These data suggest salutary effects of exercise in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Development and economic trends in cancer therapeutic drugs: Analysis of modern and historical treatment costs compared to the contemporary GDP per capita.
Authors: Philip Savage
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e17535 Background: Cancer therapy drug development is currently a major clinical success story with new cancer treatment drugs delivering improved healthcare for many more patients each year. Generally new cancer treatment drugs are now viewed as being of high cost and there is considerable debate worldwide as to how these new treatments can be funded for routine use. Accurate data on the trends of the relative costs of new treatments compared with earlier costs of cancer drugs is limited. In this study we have aimed to document all the licenced cancer drugs, by time of introduction, and compare the cost of a standard course of treatment relative to the then current per capita GDP to allow an assessment of how relative costs of new drugs have changed over time Methods: Drugs are classified by period of introduction, therapeutic classification, and an assessment of relative treatment cost using the contemporary new drug standard treatment compared with the relevant UK GDP per capita Results: Prior to 1960, there were 5 cancer therapy drugs available, 2 new drugs were introduced in the 1960s, 18 new drugs in the 1970s, 14 in the 1980s, 24 in the 1990s, 23 between 2000-2009 and 20 between 2010-13. Data will be presented on the cost relative to per capita GDP of a standard treatment for each new drug released from 1987 to 2013. The summary data indicates that the cost at introduction of an average new cancer drug treatment has increased from 24.6% of per capita GDP for 1995-99, 44.1% for 2000-2004, 57.3 % for 2005-2009 and is now 108.1 % for 2010-2013. Of interest during this period, therapy equivalent new drugs, such as new GnRH blockers and aromatase inhibitors had a maximum cost of 8% of GDP per capita. Conclusions: The cost of new cancer drug treatments appears to be rising in absolute and relative terms. The data in this abstract may be of value to those interested in the history of cancer drug development and the associated current economic issues.
AUSTRIA
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Apoptosis of mouse mast cells is reciprocally regulated by the <scp>I</scp>g<scp>G</scp> receptors <scp>F</scp>cγ<scp>RIIB</scp> and <scp>F</scp>cγ<scp>RIIIA</scp>
Authors: Y. Fang, L. Larsson, P. Bruhns, Z. Xiang
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Mast cells are important effector cells in allergy. They usually have a long life span and resist cell death induction. Fcγ receptor– and IgG immune complex–mediated apoptosis has been demonstrated in B‐lineage cells, but not in mast cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether mast cells could respond to apoptosis induction by IgG immune complex aggregation of Fcγ receptors. It is known that mouse mast cells express the low‐affinity Fcγ receptors Fcγ RIIB and Fcγ RIIIA , which bind IgG especially in the form of antigen–IgG immune complexes. Methods Mouse bone marrow–derived cultured mast cells were examined for surface expression of Fcγ RIIB and Fcγ RIIIA . Apoptosis of such cells from wild‐type, Fcγ RIIB −/− or Fcγ RIIIA −/− mice was measured following receptor aggregation by IgG immune complexes. Results Our data demonstrate that aggregation of either Fcγ RIIB or Fcγ RIIIA by IgG immune complexes induced apoptosis of mouse bone marrow–derived cultured mast cells. However, mast cells expressing both Fcγ RIIB and Fcγ RIIIA were able to resist cell death induction by IgG immune complexes. Conclusion Our findings reveal a fine‐tuning system for regulating mast cell apoptosis through aggregating Fcγ receptors by IgG immune complexes. Such apoptosis regulation may have a substantial impact on mast cell homeostasis during allergic inflammation.
Attitudes toward direct predictive testing for the Huntington disease gene. Relevance for other adult-onset disorders. The Canadian Collaborative Group on Predictive Testing for Huntington Disease
Authors: R. Babul
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess attitudes toward, and projected utilization of, direct mutation testing by individuals at risk for Huntington disease (HD). <h3>Design.</h3> —Prior to the cloning of the gene for HD, a questionnaire concerning the use of a definitive test was constructed and mailed to 354 participants in the Canadian Collaborative Study for HD. Completed questionnaires were received from 250 participants (response rate, 71%). Persons were asked to indicate whether they would participate in a new predictive test that was either 100% accurate (the definitive test, requiring blood only from the proband) or only 99% accurate. <h3>Results.</h3> —Most (72%) of the persons who had previously received a result in a predictive testing program said they would request testing in either situation. Significantly more persons would request the definitive test than the 99% accurate test (72% vs 58%;<i>P</i>&lt;.02). Respondents for whom testing was uninformative in the linkage test program or who had previously received an increased-risk result were more likely to indicate they would use the test than those who received a decreased-risk result or chose not to have the original test (<i>P</i>=.0003). Less than half (46%) of the participants who initially chose not to have the linkage test said they would return for the new direct test. The major factor that has limited acceptance of predictive testing for this group is the concern about receiving an increased-risk result in the absence of any therapy to alter progression of the disease. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A direct mutation test for HD will most readily be accepted by persons who wanted but could not previously receive a result in the linkage test program and those who previously received an increased-risk result. In the absence of therapy, the majority of persons who previously chose not to have predictive testing are unlikely to participate in a new test despite improved accuracy. This has implications for the expected demands for testing services for other adult-onset genetic disorders. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2321-2325)
Thoracic Surgery
Authors: J. Gordon Scannell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

Results of Treatment It is difficult to assess the problem of cancer of the lung in relation to the population as a whole on the basis of reported hospital series. However, it is apparent that in the course of the past ten years, the operability and resectability rates of cancer, as seen by the surgeon, have increased. Björk70 has reported at length the clinical experience with bronchogenic carcinoma at the Brompton and Royal Cancer hospitals. Of 996 cases in which the clinical diagnosis was made (combining the material of both medical and surgical services from 1937–1944), 15.3 per cent were . . .
PURULENT BRAIN DEPOSITS, AND PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOSIS OF THE CEREBRAL VEINS AND SINUSES FOLLOWING EAR DISEASE.
Authors: FRANK ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1892)

(<i>Continued from page 472</i>.) <i>Case 6</i>.—Treated by Frank Allport, of Minneapolis, Minn. C. B., Male, age thirty-five. Entered City Hospital December 7, 1888. I saw the case December 10, at the request of Prof. Dunn. At the date of his admission he was obviously very sick and his mental condition was such as to render a thorough knowledge of his previous condition impossible. We learned, however, that his left ear had discharged for about three months, accompanied by severe head pains. He has had a diarrhœa and chills; his tongue was dry and coated; he was delirious, and had aphasia and incoherent speech; no paralysis; the auditory canal was full of pus; there were no mastoid symptoms; there was a swelling just under the mastoid process in the neck, about the size of a hen's egg, that was somewhat tender, but not fluctuating; the surface of his body was very
DHSS in the witness box.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

DHSS in the witness boxOne of the traditional strengths of a parliamentary democracy is that government ministers can be called to account for their actions.An illuminating example of such accountability is found in the recent Third Report of the Commons Select Committee on Social Services.'The committee's job is to scrutinise the expenditure, administration, and policy of the Department of Health and Social Security, and the first two reports of the committee have dealt with the payment of Social Security benefits2 and with perinatal and neonatal mortality.3The third report examined the implications of the Government's spending plans for the health and personal social services contained in the 1980 White Paper on Public Expenditure.4One important issue discussed by the committee was that of cash limits, the system introduced in 1976 whereby spending authorities are allocated sums of money-which they cannot exceed-based on assumptions about the rate of price increases during the year.The system is intended to increase the control of the Treasury over public expenditure, but in practice if an authority obeys the limits, and if actual price increases then exceed the rate allowed for, it will be able to provide fewer services than it had planned.The department conceded that the application of cash limits to current spend- ing in the NHS in 1979-80 had resulted in an unplanned reduction of at least £160m worth of services.The com- mittee was concerned that ministers could evade responsibility for unpopular decisions by leaving the spending authorities to decide for themselves how to cope with the effects of unex-
An Elementary Laboratory Guide in General Bacteriology.
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obeticholic acid demonstrates sustained improvements at month 24 in transaminases and non-invasive markers of fibrosis: results of a post hoc analysis from the interim analysis of the REGENERATE study
Authors: Rohit Loomba, Vlad Ratziu, Quentin Anstee, Stephen Harrison, Arun Sanyal, Mary Rinella, Zobair Younossi, Zachary Goodman, Pierre Bedossa, Reshma Shringarpure, Huafeng Zhou, Aditya Venugopal, Mazen Noureddin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Lactulose Enemas
Authors: F. A. WALKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973Lactulose EnemasF. A. WALKER, M.D.F. A. WALKER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-784_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the January 1973 issue (pp. 81-84) Kersh and Rifkin present a novel method of handling the problem of hyperammonemia, in their paper on lactulose enemas. However, an agent such as lactulose, with its high potential osmotic pressure in the bowel, is not without its own hazards.As part of this same protocol sponsored by Phillips Roxanne Laboratories, we treated a patient who had propionic acidemia, with blood ammonia levels ranging from 400 to 1400 µg/ml on a diet of 0.8 to 1 mg protein per kg/body weight daily, on a double-blind basis with the solutions of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Children's Psychiatric Research Institute London, Ontario Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 784-785KeywordsAmmoniaBloodDietOsmotic pressurePropionatesProteins Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...