tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental Factors and the Development of Disease and Injury in the Alimentary Tract
Authors: Harold P. Schedl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

This review examines interactions between the alimentary tract and environmental agents. In these intera"ctions the alimentary tract is considered as an integrated organ system extending from mouth to anus. The alimentary tract shares with the skin and its appendages and the respiratory system the distinction of being a portal of entry into the human body for environmental agents as well as a target for their action. Food and water-borne environmental agents enter the body via the alimentary tract. By injurying the alimentary tract environmental agents after their portal of entry and thereby modulate their effects on the organism. Such modulation may enhance or depress effects of these agents. Interactions between environmental factors and the alimentary tract depend on (1) factors related to the alimentary tract that are determined by anatomic, physiologic, and biochemical considerations; (2) factors related to the environmental agents; and (3) individually determined factors. The role of these factors in development of disease and injury is considered. Environmental diseases of the alimentary tract and environmental agents acting on the gut are discussed and recommendations are made for future research.
Adjuvant antiangiogenic agents in post-nephrectomy renal cell carcinoma (RCC): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Talal Hilal, Belal Firwana, Thai Huu Ho, Zhen Wang, Richard Wayne Joseph
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

689 Background: The role of antiangiogenic agents in advanced RCC is well established. However, it is still not clear whether this benefit can be extrapolated to the adjuvant setting. In this meta-analysis of 3 randomized control trials (RCTs), we sought to determine the efficacy of these agents in RCC patients who underwent nephrectomy with high risk of relapse. Methods: We searched three databases, including Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify RCTs comparing antiangiogenic agents to placebo in post-nephrectomy RCC patients. We evaluated: 1) the effect of antiangiogenics in highest risk groups as defined by individual studies; 2) the role of each agent separately; and 3) the effect in clear-cell RCC population. Outcomes of interest included overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The overall effect was pooled using the DerSimonian and Laird random effects models Results: Three RCTs (N = 3693 patients) were identified. All studies were comparing placebo to antiangiogenics: sunitinib, sorafenib, and pazopanib. Overall, antiangiogenics did not improve DFS (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.07) or OS (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.25). These results persisted when restricting the analysis to patients with clear cell carcinoma and patients with highest risk of relapse. Similarly, sunitinib did not show any improvement in the entire studied group for either DFS (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.19) or OS (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.37). In addition, when restricting the analysis to the high risk group, sunitinib did not show any advantage in terms of DFS (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.07) and OS (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.31). Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, antiangiogenics do not seem to add an advantage over placebo in terms of OS and DFS in high risk RCC patients after nephrectomy. Further studies are needed to identify the patient population which might derive a benefit from antiangiogenics in the adjuvant setting.
Albuterol and Isoproterenol Aerosols
Authors: Gordon L. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Bronchodilator effect was objectively evaluated in ten patients with stable asthma, using spirometry and body plethysmography in a double-blind, double-cross-over study after 170μg of albuterol or isoproterenol sulfate was administered as an aerosol. Baseline values of the seven spirometric and plethysmographic indexes used were not significantly different before administration of the drugs. Initial bronchodilator response at 15 and 30 minutes was not significantly different, but peak response tended to be reached at about one hour after albuterol as opposed to 15 minutes for isoproterenol. Rate of fall of the indexes was roughly parallel after peak was reached. Duration of albuterol treatment was approximately four hours as opposed to two hours for isoproterenol treatment. These properties together with the previously reported minimal cardiovascular effects of albuterol justify extended therapeutic trials of this drug in the treatment of bronchial asthma.
Neopterin and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type I in alcohol-induced cirrhosis*1
Authors: A DIEZRUIZ
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Alcohol-induced cirrhosis (AC) is accompanied by disturbances of immune function and cytokine production. To better define the pattern of cytokine synthesis in this disease and to relate it to the immune activation state, we measured circulating levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor p55 (sTNFR-55) and neopterin in a group of 85 patients with AC (classified according to the Child-Pugh score of severity of liver disease) and 43 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations of sTNFR-55 and neopterin were significantly raised in patients with AC. Moreover, concentrations of sTNFR-55 were significantly higher in patients with more severe disease compared with the group with lower severity. There were significant correlations between sTNFR-55 and neopterin levels in patients and controls. The results contribute to affirm the existence of an immune activation state in AC that could be responsible for the development of the disease and clinical complications.
Fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid
Authors: M. E. Zappi
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> — Lee raises the important issue of whether the peripheral blood findings we described were "artifactually" induced by in vitro incubation of the blood sample. Phagocyte-erythrocyte contact is greatly enhanced in a resting tube of blood, and this leads to increased erythrophagocytosis (in the presence of opsonized erythrocytes). We have to agree with Lee that its extent was probably accentuated by extravascular "incubation" of the blood sample (for approximately 60 minutes<i>at room temperature</i>in the interval between blood collection and preparation of the film). We also agree that erythrocyte agglutination and most of the rosettes (around leukocytes) most likely formed during this brief period of standing and cooling. Zinkham and Diamond<sup>1</sup>clearly documented in vitro enhancement of erythrophagocytosis in a study of four children with "idiopathic" hemolytic anemia. In all of these patients, direct examination of the peripheral blood revealed no more than 0.1% erythrophagocytic leukocytes.
Unilateral hyperhidrosis
Authors: H. BAKER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Unilateral hyperhidrosis Get access H. BAKER H. BAKER Dermatology Department The London Hospital Whitechapel, London E1 1BB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 4, 1 April 1988, Pages 588–589, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02480.x Published: 01 April 1988
Gene Therapy
Authors: Katherine A. High, Maria G. Roncarolo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2019)

Interview with Dr. Katherine A. High on gene therapy for genetic disease. (15:22)Download Those who have followed the gene-therapy field over the decades may be weary of forward-looking positive statements. However, over the past 3 years, six gene-therapy products have been approved for clinical use. This article describes challenges, risks, and advances in gene-therapy clinical research.
Fortschr Roentgenstr &amp;amp; Nuklearmed, Stuttgart
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Atmospheric Pollution and Lung Cancer
Authors: Richard Doll
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Lung cancer is consistently more common in urban areas than in rural. The excess cannot be accounted for by specific occupational hazards but some of it might be due to the presence of carcinogens in urban air. The excess cannot be wholly due to such agents, because the excess in nonsmokers is small and variable. Cigarette consumption has also been greater in urban areas, but it is difficult to estimate how much of the excess it can account for. Occupational studies confirm that pollutants present in town air are capable of causing lung cancer in man and suggest that the pollutants and cigarette smoke act synergistically. The trends in the mortality from lung cancer in young and middle-aged men in England and Wales provide uncertain evidence but support the belief that atmospheric pollution has contributed to the production of the disease. In the absence of cigarette smoking, the combined effect of all atmospheric carcinogens is not responsible for more than about 5 cases of lung cancer per 100,000 persons per year in European populations.
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: William W. McLendon
Journal: JAMA (1985)

For most pathologists and other physicians in the United States, the past year was one of significant readjustments in practice patterns in response to new federal regulations. It was also a year of exciting advances in utilizing the autopsy and other laboratory studies to advance understanding of both "new" diseases and of long-recognized but still incompletely understood disease processes. It also saw the beginning of a revolution in diagnostic medicine as applications of DNA technology were adapted for use in research and clinical laboratories. Despite its long history of contributions to medical knowledge, the autopsy has declined in importance in recent decades to an autopsy rate well below 20% in many US hospitals. However, a recent study of 100 randomly selected autopsies from a university teaching hospital during 1960, 1970, and 1980 confirmed that newer diagnostic technologies had not reduced,the value of autopsies.<sup>1</sup>A review of the autopsy literature
Barrett Esophagus
Authors: ROBERT G. NORFLEET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1987Barrett EsophagusROBERT G. NORFLEET, M.D.ROBERT G. NORFLEET, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-427_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Spechler's editorial advising endoscopic surveillance for patients with Barrett esophagus (1) is of great interest. Although I agree with this recommendation (2) and examine my patients with Barrett esophagus regularly, I would like to point out that Dr. Spechler and his colleagues came to a different conclusion in an article they had published in 1984 (3). In that study, 8 of 115 patients with Barrett esophagus were found already to have esophageal cancer when first seen. One hundred five patients without cancer had yearly examinations that included esophagoscopy with biopsy and brush cytology, and...References1. SPECHLER S. Endoscopic surveillance for patients with Barrett esophagus: does the cancer risk justify the practice [Editorial]? Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:902-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NORFLEET R. Premalignant lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. In: MESSERLI FH, ed. Current Clinical Practice. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1987:388-90. Google Scholar3. SPECHLERROBBINSRUBINS SAH. Adenocarcinoma and Barrett's esophagus: an overrated risk? Gastroenterology. 1984;87:927 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1987Volume 107, Issue 3Page: 427-4270KeywordsBiopsyCell biologyEsophageal cancerEsophagus Issue Published: 1 September 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Switch to inactivated polio vaccine recommended
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction: Medical News &amp;amp; Perspectives on Needle Exchange Programs-Reply
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oxaliplatin, irinotecan, bevacizumab followed by docetaxel, bevacizumab in inoperable gastric cancer: First efficacy results of a multicenter phase II trial (AGMT Gastric-3) of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medikamentöse Tumortherapie.
Authors: Ewald Woell, Josef Thaler, Felix Keil, Wolfgang Eisterer, Michael A. Fridrik, Birgit Gruenberger, Michael Hejna, Franz Romeder, Richard Greil
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4074 Background: In our previous phase II trials (AGMT-Gastric-1 and AGMT Gastric-2) efficacy of oxaliplatin and irinotecan as well as oxaliplatin, irinotecan and cetuximab was shown. Time to progression however was short suggesting acquired chemotherapy resistance. Therefore sequential chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab is investigated in the presented trial. Methods: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m 2 biweekly (q2w) and irinotecan 125 mg/m 2 q2w are administered for the first three months followed by docetaxel 50mg/m2 q2w for three months. Chemotherapy for 6 months is combined with bevacizumab 5 mg/kg q2w which is administered until progression. For this abstract 36 patients (pt.) with histologically proven unresectable and/or metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma have been evaluated in a first line setting. Median age: 62.5 years (range 26-80 years), PS 0: 25 patients, PS 1: 10 patients, missing: 1 patient, single metastatic site: 24 patients, multiple metastases: 10 patients, missing: 2. Results: Frequently reported adverse events (more than 20% of pt.) were predominantly grade 1 or 2 and included diarrhea (25/36, 69%), polyneuropathy (17/36, 47%), nausea (17/36, 47%), fatigue (15/36, 42%), neutropenia (13/36, 36%), abdominal pain (11/36, 31%), hypokalemia (9/36, 25%). Grade 3 and 4 toxicities included neutropenia (6/36, 17%), diarrhea (3/36, 8%), hypokalemia (3/36, 8%), anemia in (2/36, 6%), leucopenia (2/36, 6%), thrombocytopenia (1/36, 3%), nausea in (1/36, 3%). Objective response rate after 3 cycles was available in 25 patients: CR 1/25 (4%), PR 14/25 (56%), SD 8/25 (32%), PD 2/25 (8%). After 6 cycles there were 12 evaluable patients with CR 2/12 (16.7%), PR 5/12 (41.7%), SD 4/12 (33.3%) and PD 1/12 (8.3%). Conclusions: The combination of oxaliplatin and irinotecan with bevacizumab followed by docetaxel with bevacizumab is feasible and very active in advanced gastric cancer.
Medical Education
Authors: Andrew M. Wiesenthal
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his editorial lament, "Medical Education" (241:1040, 1979), John P. Callan, MD, touched on a problem of great interest to me. His solution, broadening the scope of continuing medical education courses to include arts and humanities, is a classic example of retrofitting rather than attacking a problem at its source. Most medical school catalogs include a statement that undergraduate applicants are encouraged to pursue majors that are of interest to them— that "premed" should not be construed as a major. That is stated policy. The reality is that medical school admissions committees are systematically biased against non-science majors, presumably because performance in such disciplines is not as susceptible to quantification as is performance in organic chemistry, for example, or because such disciplines are apparently "easier" than the sciences. Thus, persons who have not been science majors are asked when they are interviewed by admissions committees, "Why did
“Normalization”
Authors: Alexander A. Kon
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pharmacologic Aspects of Adrenocortical Steroids and ACTH in Man
Authors: George W. Thorn, Dalton Jenkins, John C. Laidlaw, Frederick C. Goetz, Joseph F. Dingman, Walter L. Arons, David H. P. Streeten, Brian H. McCracken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

CortisoneCortisone (Fig. 12) was first isolated from adrenocortical extracts in 1936 almost simultaneously in the laboratories of Kendall,70 Reichstein92 and Wintersteiner.93 Although the drug was nearly devoid of activity, at the dosage levels originally employed, in the maintenance of life in adrenalectomized animals, the demonstration by Mason et al.70 of the effectiveness of cortisone in the muscle work test of Ingle94 actually constituted the first evidence of physiologic action in a crystalline steroid of adrenal origin. Subsequently, the synthesis of adrenocortical steroids bearing oxygen atoms in the 11- and 17-carbon positions presented one of the most difficult problems ever . . .
Treatment of Sickle Cell Crisis With Urea in Invert Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What to do about tic douloureux
Authors: J. D. Loeser
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Tic douloureux is a common disease that causes excruciating pain. It is a central pain due to a lesion within the trigeminal nerve or brain stem. The majority of patients with tic douloureux are successfully treated by pharmacotherapy with phenytoin or carbamazepine. Those who fail under medical management should promptly be offered modern surgical alleviation of their pain: percutaneous radiofrequency gangliolysis or decompression of the trigeminal nerve at the brain stem (Jannetta procedure). The goal of surgical therapy should be pain relief with minimal sensory loss; the complications of surgery are usually due to denervation of the face or eye. Patients with tic douloureux should not be subjected to extraneous drug therapy or other procedures with a low likelihood of long-term success. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1153-1155, 1978)