tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trajectories of PTSD: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zahava Solomon, Mario Mikulincer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: This study assessed the psychopathological effects of combat in veterans with and without combat stress reaction. Method: Veterans (N=214) from the 1982 Lebanon War were assessed in a prospective longitudinal design: 131 suffered from combat stress reaction during the war, and 83 did not. They were evaluated 1, 2, 3, and 20 years after the war. Results: Combat stress reaction is an important vulnerability marker. Veterans with combat stress reaction were 6.6 times more likely to endorse posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at all four measurements, their PTSD was more severe, and they were at increased risk for exacerbation/reactivation. A qualitative analysis of the profile of PTSD symptoms revealed some time-related changes in the symptom configuration of veterans who did not suffer from combat stress reaction. In both groups, the course fluctuated; PTSD rates dropped 3 years postwar and rose again 17 years later; 23% of veterans without combat stress reaction reported delayed PTSD. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the detrimental effects of combat are deep and enduring and follow a complex course, especially in combat stress reaction casualties. The implications of aging and ongoing terror in impeding recovery from the psychological wounds of war are discussed.
Editorial Board
Authors: Samuel Didier, Christopher Day, Peter Galle, Richard Moreau, Thomas Baumert, Pierre-Alain Clavien, Derek Mann, Philippe Mathurin, Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Jorg Petersen, Robert Schwabe, Stefan Zeuzem, Scott Friedman, Daniel Shouval, Graeme Alexander, Josep Llovet, Detlef Schuppan, Raphael Porcher, Sheila Sherlock, Gustav Paumgartner, Simona Negrini, Joe ¨l Walicki, Laurence Zulianello, Juan Abraldes, Spain Ackerman, Israel Zvi, Simon Afford, U Alberti, Italy Alpini, Usa Gianfranco, Usa Paul, Quentin Anstee, U Avila, Spain Bedossa, France Ben-Ari, Israel Ziv, Germany Thomas, Antonio Bertoletti, Austria Forner, Spain Forns, Garcia-Paga Xavier, Juan ´n, Garcia-Tsao Carlos, Usa Geier, Germany Gine, Spain Gores, Usa Gregory, Italy Laura, Zakiyah Kadry, Usa Kaneko, Japan Shuichi, Jia-Horng Kao, Taiwan Kaplowitz, Italy Mieli-Vergani, U Giorgina, Satdarshan Monga, Usa Moshage, O Grady, Oude Elferink, Sweden Wiest, Germany Reiner, Chau-Ting Yeh, Taiwan Zarsky, France Zuckerman, Israel Governing, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Laurent Castera, France Treasurer, Mauro Bernardi, Matı ´as, A Avila, Frank Lammert, Germany Helen, Louise Reeves, Alessio Aghemo, Cecilia Rodrigues
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
RECOVERY OF MALE FERTILITY AFTER NUCLEAR RADIATION
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Big Brother or new professionalism?
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2006)

Big Brother or new professionalism?'A good idea ruined', is how George Orwell described Nineteen Eighty-Four, 'I ballsed it up rather, partly owing to being so ill while I was writing it'.Orwell was dead within months from complications of tuberculosis but he lived long enough to savour some of the success and controversy of 'that bloody book'.
Flameless Atomic Absorption (FAA) and Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Studies in Arsenic Bioanalysis
Authors: P. Mushak, K. Dessauer, E. L. Walls
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Procedures for assessment of arsenic in soft tissue by use of flameless atomic absorption (FAA) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), have been evolved, with special emphasis on the analytical distinction among inorganic, monomethyl-, and dimethylarsenic in several oxidation states. The chemical bases for such speciation reside in several properties of the arsenicals under consideration: (1) pentavalent inorganic arsenic, methylarsonic, and cacodylic acid are not extracted from tissue matter made strongly acid with hydrochloric acid, while the corresponding trivalent forms (as halides) are extracted; (2) chloroform extracts of samples treated under reducing conditions (HCl-KI) retain organoarsenicals when these extracts are re-extracted with water, but do not when aqueous solutions of oxidants are employed; (3) reduced cacodylate (dimethylarsinous acid) is not detected in the graphite furnace of an FAA unit under conditions selected, while cacodylate can be so detected. For GLC studies, monomethyl- and dimethylarsenic are simultaneously measured as the diethyldithiocarbamate complexes with an instrument equipped for electron-capture detection and containing a glass column packed with silanized 5% OV-17 on Anakrom A.S.
Ursodeoxycholic acid for liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis: A double-blind multicenter trial
Authors: C Colombo
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Liver disease is increasingly recognized as a major cause of morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). Preliminary data suggest that ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) may be beneficial for treatment of this manifestation. We performed a double-blind, multicenter trial in these patients to establish efficacy and safety of UDCA in terms of the improvement of clinical and nutritional indicators besides standard liver function tests. We also intended to establish whether taurine supplementation has a beneficial effect in patients receiving UDCA. From June to December 1990, we enrolled in 12 centers 55 CF patients with liver disease (39 male subjects; median age, 13.8 years). They were randomly assigned to receive for 1 year one of the following treatments: UDCA (15 mg/kg body weight daily) plus taurine (30 mg/kg body weight daily), UDCA plus placebo, placebo plus taurine, or double placebo. Clinical and laboratory evaluations were performed every 3 months. After 1 year, deterioration of overall clinical conditions, as indicated by the Shwachman-Kulczycki score (SKS), occurred in patients who received placebo but not in those who received UDCA (P = .025). Patients treated with UDCA also showed an improvement in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) (P = .004) and 5′-nucleotidase (P = .006) levels. Treatment with taurine was followed by a significant increase in serum prealbumin levels (P = .053), a trend toward a reduction in fat malabsorption, and no effect on the biochemical profile. No severe side effects occurred with any treatment. Thus, we concluded that UDCA administration improves clinical and biochemical parameters in CF patients with liver disease. Taurine supplementation may be indicated in patients with severe pancreatic insufficiency and poor nutritional status.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2019)

Parental Education and Counseling and Anemia Cure Rates 826Shet and colleagues conducted a pragmatic cluster randomized effectiveness trial of children aged 12 to 59 months from 55 villages from the rural Chamrajnagar district in southern India.They found that parental education and counseling by a community health worker achieved perceivable gains in curing childhood anemia.Policy makers should consider this approach to enhance population-level anemia control. Anxiety/Depression in Children With Life-Limiting Conditions 835Barker and colleagues conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis and found that the pooled prevalence of anxiety in 19 studies was 19.1%, with significant differences in prevalence according to the type of assessment tool used; in a meta-analysis of 36 studies, the depression prevalence was 14.3% and was associated with increasing age.No studies included information on the incidence of anxiety or depression.
An oral androgen receptor PROTAC degrader for prostate cancer.
Authors: Taavi Neklesa, Lawrence B Snyder, Ryan R Willard, Nicholas Vitale, Kanak Raina, Jennifer Pizzano, Deborah A Gordon, Mark Bookbinder, Jennifer Macaluso, Hanqing Dong, Zheng Liu, Caterina Ferraro, Gan Wang, Jing Wang, Craig M Crews, John Houston, Andrew P Crew, Ian Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

381 Background: The Androgen Receptor (AR) remains the principal driver of castration-resistant prostate cancer during the transition from a localized to metastatic disease. Most patients initially respond to inhibitors of the AR pathway, but the response is often short-lived. The majority of patients progressing on enzalutamide or abiraterone exhibit genetic alterations in the AR locus, either in the form of amplifications or point mutations in the AR gene. Given these mechanisms of resistance, our goal is to eliminate the AR protein using the PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) technology. Methods: Here we report an orally bioavailable small molecule AR PROTAC that leads to ubiquitination and degradation of AR. This molecule has been characterized in in vitro degradation and functional assays, DMPK, toxicology and preclinical efficacy studies. Results: This AR PROTAC completely degrades AR in all cell lines tested, with an observed 50% degradation concentration (DC 50 ) &lt; 1 nM. PROTAC-mediated AR degradation suppresses the expression of the AR-target gene PSA, inhibits AR-dependent cell proliferation, and induces potent apoptosis in VCaP cells. The AR PROTAC degrades all clinically relevant mutant AR proteins and retains activity in a high androgen environment. In mouse xenograft studies, greater than 90% AR degradation is observed at a 1 mg/kg PO QD dose. Significant inhibition of tumor growth and AR signaling can be achieved in both an intact and castrate setting. Further, the AR PROTAC demonstrates in vivo efficacy and reduction of oncogenic Erg protein in a long term, castrate, enzalutamide-resistant VCaP tumor model. DMPK and exploratory toxicology studies show robust oral, dose proportional drug exposure in rodent and non-rodent species. Conclusions: In summary, we report preclinical data on an orally bioavailable AR PROTAC degrader that demonstrates efficacy in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer.
Diarrhoea in Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma: Role of Prostaglandins and Therapeutic Effect of Nutmeg
Authors: D.-I Hutton, N Krasner, Angela Mcgowan, S Slater, J Vance, M London, D.-D Osborn, D Reeve, R Souhami, M Birmingham, D.-R Shaw, G Skinner, S Booth, G Dhenin, Phyllis Fulton, Dulcie Gooding, J Gould, J Hormer, A Mackenzie, Catherine Maclean, R Schilling, A Freedman, Konrad Lorenz, Martin Roth, R Aitkin, H Alderton, J Bankcroft, K Bergmann, N Berlyne, G Blessed, S Bourne, E Burkitt, H Cooper, S Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Cancer Research
Cord Blood Cytokines are Modulated by Maternal Farming Activities and Consumption of Farm Products during Pregnancy - The PASTURE-Study
Authors: P.I. Pfefferle, G. Buechele, N. Bluemer, M. Roponen, M.J. Ege, R. Lauener, J. Pekkanen, J. Riedler, J. Dalphin, C. Braun-Fahrlaender
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Abstract 18836: Integrative Pathway Analysis of Genome-wide Association Studies of Carotid Plaque Phenotypes
Authors: Yuqi Zhao, Sander M van der Laan, Hester M den Ruijter, Saskia Haitjema, Gerard Pasterkamp, Xia Yang
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The composition of atherosclerotic plaques differs between individuals and contributes to the incidence of cardiovascular events. A better understanding of the biology underlying variability in plaque composition will provide insights into the progression of cardiovascular diseases. We carried out genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the genetic underpinnings of the plaque. Methods: We included carotid endarterectomy patients from the Athero-Express Biobank Study (n = 1,439). We quantified the percentage of macrophages and smooth muscle cells, the number of intraplaque vessels, the amount of collagen and calcification, the atheroma size, and the presence of plaque hemorrhage. GWAS was performed for all 9 plaque traits, and combined with summary level from GWAS consortia data on coronary artery disease (CAD), and ischemic stroke. Next, these data were integrated with data from human expression quantitative trait loci analyses, and pathway analyses of the plaque traits. Results: No individual locus reached genome-wide significance, likely due to the moderate sample size involved. However, it is plausible that perturbations of diverse pathways by a large number of genetic loci with small effects together contribute to the regulation of plaque composition. We identified 42-97 pathways significantly associated with each plaque phenotype, with many specific to each trait, supporting the presence of unique genetic components of individual plaque phenotypes. We also detected 39 pathways associated with at least four plaque phenotypes, among which were CAD-associated processes such as “extracellular matrix”, “complement and coagulation cascades” and stroke-associated pathways such as “Toll-like receptor signaling”. Interestingly, we found that smooth muscle cell percentage and atheroma size shared more genetic loci and pathways with intraplaque hemorrhage (such as “Sphingolipid metabolism”); the latter trait is associated with secondary cardiovascular events. Conclusion: There are genetic correlations among plaque phenotypes as well as between plaque phenotypes that provide mechanistic insight into the composition of the plaque and progression to secondary events.
Nonspecific Urethritis
Authors: Richard E. Kaufman, Paul J. Wiesner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

URETHRITIS is an inflammation of the urethra that can be classified as gonococcal or nongonococcal. Although a small proportion of nongonococcal urethritis is associated with trichomoniasis or candidiasis, in approximately 90 per cent of cases a pathogen is not identified by routine screening and culture methods. It is this group that we refer to as nonspecific urethritis.Nonspecific urethritis is exceedingly common. In England, it is the most frequently recorded sexually transmitted disease. In the United States, since it is not a reportable disease, few incidence data are available. In the two venereal-disease clinics with which the Center for Disease . . .
Epidemiological data are of little use in guiding clinical practice
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Colloids no better than crystalloids for fluid replacement in hypovolaemic patientsFor decades controversy has existed over the relative benefits of colloid and crystalloid solutions for fluid resuscitation of hypovolaemic patients.In their systematic review of randomised controlled trials Schierhout and Roberts (p 961) found that, compared with crystalloids, use of colloids was associated with an increase in absolute risk of mortality of 4%.There was no evidence for differences of effect among different types of injury necessitating fluid resuscitation.The authors conclude that there is no evidence to support the continued use of the more expensive colloids for acute volume replacement in critically ill patients.
THE RENAL GLOMERULAR LESION OF TOXEMIA
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alteration of xanthine oxidase activity in sinusoidal endothelial cells and morphological changes of kupffer cells in hypoxic and reoxygenated rat liver*1
Authors: S ANGERMULLER
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In the model of the perfused rat liver, we investigated the alterations of sinusoidal cells in the pathogenesis of liver injury caused by hypoxia and reperfusion. In sinusoidal endothelial cells, the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOX), a cytoplasmic marker enzyme, was located cytochemically and determined biochemically. Kupffer cells, identified by their endogenous peroxidase staining, were studied with regard to changes in their ultrastructure. In our experiments, parenchymal cells were shown to be severely damaged in contrast to sinusoidal lining cells, which showed minor signs of injury. In comparison with the control group, XOX activity increased significantly in the sinusoidal endothelial cells after low-flow hypoxia; however, after reoxygenation of only 5 minutes, that activity was lower after hypoxia but higher after control perfusion. In Kupffer cells, hypoxia resulted in a strong suppression of phagocytic and endocytotic activity and in a disappearance of the lamellopodia. Kupffer cells were flattened, resembling sinusoidal endothelial cells. After reoxygenation phagocytic vesicles, lamellopodia, and cell volume of Kupffer cells increased markedly in comparison with the control group. In the hypoxia/reperfusion injury model, our observations revealed significant alterations of sinusoidal lining cells. It appears that sinusoidal endothelial cells respond to the hypoxic phase by producing oxygen-derived free radicals and that Kupffer cells respond to the subsequent reperfusion phase by activation followed by the release of toxic mediators.
The 'growth disease' in American institutional medicine. An open letter to physicians and hospital board members
Authors: A. J. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THE MEDICAL system has become huge, having followed an explosive industrial-type growth pattern. Hospitals and medical centers have been oriented to expansion, and medical administrators—both lay and physician—have been bred according to the growth concept. The rule has been that growth equals progress and, hence, success. Hospital leaders are loath to give up this measure of achievement, which they have learned from industry, although it is a concept that leads to great costs in money and efficiency and that runs contrary to our social needs. The growth-oriented administrators of our medical institutions are generally supported by strikingly passive governing boards, almost always consisting predominantly of businessmen, who casually provide their legal authority and psychological support to the administration. The resultant growth includes more buildings, more facilities, larger staff, more support personnel, more administrators, and more power concentrated in a central administrative office. Ironically, the boards of these institutions allow the
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: L. Westrom
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Today, over a century after the first report on the links between sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), adnexitis, and infertility in women, Noeggerath's finding has become a serious public health problem. The past decade's epidemic of STDs<sup>2</sup>has been accompanied by an epidemic of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).<sup>3</sup>Trailing after the STD-PID epidemic have been epidemics of sequelae, such as infertility, chronic pain, and ectopic pregnancy.<sup>3</sup>These threats to the fecundity of millions of young women can and must be met. This theme issue ofThe Journalpresents modern thinking on PID and its sequelae, as well as research challenges for the future. Pelvic inflammatory disease as a major public health problem is illustrated by Aral and coauthors,<sup>4</sup>who report that one of 10 American women suffers from PID during their reproductive years. As calculated by Washington and Katz,<sup>5</sup>each year, 1 million US women seek
Fruits of molecular studies include gene linking diet and cancer, novel markers for malignancy
Authors: J. Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

NEW FINDINGS about cancer's molecular underpinnings are revealing how genetic and environmental factors interact to cause at least one type of cancer and are pointing the way to the detection of other malignancies. As researchers decipher at the molecular level the events that lead to cancer, they're beginning to weave together once independent threads of research. The picture emerging from these efforts is revealing how relationships such as the link between high-fat diets and certain cancers make sense in light of an individual's genetic background, and why some family members with a particular cancer gene develop a malignancy while others do not. One malignancy in which such threads are coming together is colon cancer. Scientists have known that mutations of the human adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) are responsible for sporadic and familial colorectal cancers, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In this autosomal dominant inherited disease, family members who inherit
On Some of the Principal Events in the Clinical History of Asthma
Authors: H. Salter
Journal: BMJ (1859)

ASTHMA is a disease that stamps on the body its own indelible marks.So characteristic and unmistakeable is the physique of asthma, so plainly, so leg,ibly does the asthmatic bear about with him the impress of his disease, that any one who has once observed it will never fail to recognise it, and would be safe in basing a diagnosis on its unaided testimony.In con- firmation of tllis, I may mention a circumstance or two that have occurred to myself.I frequently meet in the streets of this city a dis- tinguislhe(d savant, who is a great sufferer from asthma, and if I we-re to meet him at Pekin I should Lnow hiim to be an asthmatic.The first time I saw him, I was walking belhind him, but immediate.lyrecognised the charac- teristic confa,uration.So certain did I feel of it, and so curious was I to see if I could derive from his face any con- firmation of miiy impression, that I overtook him, an(d as I passed, sav at once who he was, fromi hiis resemblance to a