tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physician recognition of the signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis
Authors: T. A. Chapel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Thirty-four patients with secondary syphilis, seen in a public clinic for sexually transmitted diseases, had been examined previously by 36 community physicians. Secondary syphilis was the primary diagnosis by 14 (39.9%) of the 36 physicians and was included in the differential diagnosis by five others (13.9%). Twelve (33.3%) had not considered syphilis but did obtain a routine serological test that eventually led to the correct diagnosis. Five other physicians (13.9%) failed to include syphilis in the diagnosis and did not order serological tests. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:250-251)
BUCHAREST
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>Stamping Out Malaria in the Dobrudja</h3> Professor Barbicescu has undertaken the task of stamping out malaria in the Dobrudja, a fertile nest of the malaria plasmodium. Dr. Barbicescu proposes commencing operations on the Black Sea side of the province, over an area of about 5,000 square miles, with a population of about 300,000. His scheme comprises the rendering mosquito-proof of all houses by means of wire gauze, and the withdrawal of their owners within the protected houses between sunset and sunrise. Those already suffering from the disease will be supplied gratuitously with quinin. A financier of Bucharest has generously offered to provide funds necessary. The rules of hygiene are to be enforced where necessary by the aid of the military, but interesting as is the experiment, some doubts are voiced in medical circles as to the success of a method that has to be enforced at the point of the
Hypercholesterolemia in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Marcello Arca
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the metabolic mechanisms underlying hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women and to determine whether a low dose of lovastatin will correct this abnormality. <h3>Design.</h3> —In the first part of the study, turnover rates of autologous low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured in hypercholesterolemic and control women. In the second part, hypercholesterolemic women participated in a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study using lovastatin as the therapeutic agent. <h3>Setting.</h3> —The General Clinical Research Center of the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, utilizing inpatient and outpatient facilities, and the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, Tex. <h3>Patients.</h3> —For the LDL turnover study, 26 postmenopausal women with moderate hypercholesterolemia (mean±SD LDL cholesterol, 4.78±0.59 mmol/L [185 ±23 mg/dL]) and 13 postmenopausal women with normal levels of plasma lipids and lipoproteins (mean±SD LDL cholesterol, 3.31 ±0.39 mmol/L [128±15 mg/dL]) were studied. Sixteen postmenopausal women participated in the drug study. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —In the drug study, patients received blindly both lovastatin (10 mg/d) and placebo. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —In the first study, kinetic parameters of LDL metabolism; in the second study, response in lipids and lipoproteins to lovastatin therapy. <h3>Results.</h3> —In the LDL turnover study, mean (±SD) input (production) rates for LDL apolipoprotein B (apo B) were similar for hypercholesterolemic women and control women (12.4 [±3.2] mg/kg per day and 11.1 [±2.2] mg/kg per day, respectively). In contrast, mean (±SD) fractional catabolic rates for LDL apo B in hypercholesterolemic women (0.29 [±0.04] pools per day) were significantly lower than those in normolipidemic women (0.35 [±0.03] pools per day). In the drug trial, lovastatin therapy reduced mean (±SD) total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol from 7.03 (±1.16) mmol/L (272 [±45] mg/dL) and 4.42 (±0.80) mmol/L (171 [±31] mg/dL, respectively, to 5.70 (±1.03) mmol/L (221 [±40] mg/dL) and 3.46 (±0.85) mmol/L (134 [±33] mg/dL). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The turnover data suggest that hypercholesterolemia in postmenopausal women is primarily attributable to a reduced activity of LDL receptors. In accord, the hypercholesterolemia in these women was effectively lowered by low doses of lovastatin. Thus, a low dose of lovastatin appears highly effective for treatment of moderate hypercholesterolemia in most postmenopausal women, presumably because it reverses the reduction in LDL receptor activity associated with menopause. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:453-459)
Impact on overall survival (OS) with chemohormonal therapy versus hormonal therapy for hormone-sensitive newly metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa): An ECOG-led phase III randomized trial.
Authors: Christopher Sweeney, Yu-Hui Chen, Michael Anthony Carducci, Glenn Liu, David Frasier Jarrard, Mario A. Eisenberger, Yu-Ning Wong, Noah M. Hahn, Manish Kohli, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Matthew M. Cooney, Robert Dreicer, Joel Picus, Daniel H. Shevrin, Maha Hussain, Jorge A. Garcia, Robert S. DiPaola
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

LBA2 Background: Docetaxel (D) improves OS of men with mPrCa who have progressed on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We aimed to assess the benefit of upfront chemohormonal therapy for metastatic PrCa. Methods: 1:1 randomization to ADT alone or ADT + D dosed 75mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 cycles within 4 month (mos) of starting ADT. Stratification factors: high volume (HV) vs. low volume (LV) disease (HV: visceral metastases and/or 4 or more bone metastases); anti-androgen use beyond 30 days; Age ≥70 vs. < 70 years; ECOG PS 0-1 vs. 2; Prior adjuvant ADT > 12 vs. ≤ 12 mos; FDA approved drug for delaying skeletal related events. Key eligibility criteria: suitable organ and neurological function for D; adjuvant ADT ≤ 24 mos and no progression within 12 mos of adjuvant ADT. OS was the primary endpoint and the study was powered to assess for a 33.3% improvement in median OS (80% power and 1-sided alpha=2.5%). Projected median OS for ADT alone: HV-33 mos; LV-67 mos. Results: 790 men were accrued from 7/28/06 to 11/21/2012: ADT N=393; ADT + D: N=397; balanced for demographic, stratification and disease factors. Median age: 63 years (range: 36 to 91); 98% ECOG PS 0 or 1; 89% Caucasian; 24% prior radiotherapy, 24% prior prostatectomy; HV 64% on ADT and 67% on ADT + D. Data released after 4th interim analysis in Sept 2013 when O'Brien Fleming upper boundary was crossed with 53.1% information. This report reflects 1/16/2014 data with median follow-up of 29 mos with 137 deaths on ADT alone vs. 104 deaths on ADT+D. ADT+D: Grade (G) 3/4 Neutropenic fever: 4%/2%; G3 neuropathy: 1% sensory, 1% motor; 1 death due to treatment (no deaths due to treatment on ADT). Efficacy data is in the table below. After disease progression, 123 pts on ADT alone and 45 pts on ADT + D received docetaxel. Conclusions: ADT + D improves OS over ADT alone in men with HV mPrCa. Longer follow-up is needed for men with LV mPrCa. Clinical trial information: NCT00309985. Intent to treat analysis ADT ADT + D P value Hazard ratio (95%CI*) PSA < 0.2 at 12 mos 9.4% 19.7% <0.0001 Median OS (mos) N=790 N=520-HV N=270-LV 42.3 32.2 NR** 52.7 49.2 NR 0.0006 0.0012 0.0836 0.63 (0.48, 0.82) 0.62 (0.46, 0.83) 0.58 (0.31, 1.08) * CI: confidence intervals; **NR: not reached.
Inflammation, Oxidative DNA Damage, and Carcinogenesis
Authors: J. G. Lewis, D. O. Adams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Inflammation has long been associated with carcinogenesis, especially in the promotion phase. The mechanism of action of the potent inflammatory agent and skin promoter 12-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is unknown. It is thought that TPA selectively enhances the growth of initiated cells, and during this process, initiated cells progress to the preneoplastic state and eventually to the malignant phenotype. Many studies support the multistep nature of carcinogenesis, and a significant amount of evidence indicates that more than one genetic event is necessary for neoplastic transformation. Selective growth stimulation of initiated cells by TPA does not explain how further genetic events may occur by chronic exposure to this nongenotoxic agent. We and others have proposed that TPA may work, in part, by inciting inflammation and stimulating inflammatory cells to release powerful oxidants which then induce DNA damage in epidermal cells. Macrophages cocultured with target cells and TPA induce oxidized thymine bases in the target cells. This process is inhibited by both catalase and inhibitors of lipoxygenases, suggesting the involvement of both H2O2 and oxidized lipid products. Furthermore, macrophage populations that release both H2O2 and metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) are more efficient at inducing oxidative DNA damage in surrounding cells than populations which only release H2O2 or metabolites of AA. In vivo studies demonstrated that SENCAR mice, which are sensitive to promotion by TPA, have a more intense inflammatory reaction in skin than C57LB/6 mice, which are resistant to promotion by TPA. In addition, macrophages from SENCAR mice release more H2O2 and metabolites of AA, and induce more oxidative DNA damage in cocultured cells than macrophages from C57LB/6 mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ethanol ingestion in children. A five-year review
Authors: F. A. Ragan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A five-year review of ethanol ingestions in children at Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans, revealed nine cases with blood ethanol levels in excess of 21.7 mmole/L (100 mg/dL); none resulted in death. We describe four patients in whom the blood ethanol levels were potentially life-threatening. In one case, we were able to follow the affected child's blood ethanol level serially; the rate of decrease was about twice that reported for an adult. (<i>JAMA</i>242:2787-2788, 1979)
Re: Anobel Y. Odisho, Anna B. Berry, Ardalan E. Ahmad, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Peter R. Carroll, Badrinath R. Konety. Reflex ImmunoCyt Testing for the Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer in Patients with Atypical Urine Cytology. Eur Urol. In press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2012.04.019
Authors: Jai Prakash, Apul Goel, Manish Garg
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Inhalation Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of 1,3-Butadiene in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: P. E. Owen, J. R. Glaister
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

A 2-year inhalation study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats with 1,3-butadiene. Groups of 110 male and 110 female rats inhaled 1,3-butadiene at 0, 1000, or 8000 ppm for 6hr/day, 5 days/week. Interim clinical pathology, neuromuscular, and histopathology investigations were carried out. The study terminated at 20 to 25% survival (105 weeks for females, 111 weeks for males). Following exposure to 1,3-butadiene there were no effects on hematology, blood chemistry, urine analysis, and neuromuscular function that definitely could be associated with treatment. Treatment was associated with changes in clinical condition, suppression of body weight gain, reduced survival, and increases in certain organ weights and in both common and uncommon tumor types. Although the biological interpretation of the significance of some of the tumor types is equivocal, the evidence suggests that the test article is an oncogen to the rat under the conditions of exposure used in this study, and the mechanism is more likely to be an indirect effect through the endocrine system, rather than a direct effect through the production of reactive metabolites.
Oncology Research Program
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

The goal of the Highlights of the NCCN Oncology Research Program (ORP) is to provide readers with more information on the ORP, including studies currently accruing patients.For more information on specific trials, including patient selection criteria, please use the contact information listed with each study.For more information on the NCCN ORP, including a complete detailing of the clinical studies currently underway at NCCN Member Institutions, please access the NCCN ORP pages at NCCN.org/clinical_trials/ clinicians.asp. Highlights of the NCCN Oncology Research ProgramThe NCCN Oncology Research Program (ORP) strives to improve the quality of life for patients and reduce cancer-related deaths by advancing cancer therapies through research.Since the program's establishment in 1999, the NCCN ORP has brought millions of dollars in research grants to investigators at NCCN Member Institutions.Research grants are provided to NCCN through collaborations with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies; these grants are in turn used to support scientifically meritorious cancer research efforts.NCCN ORP studies typically explore new avenues of clinical investigation and seek answers to important cancer-related questions.
Improvement in Glycemic Excursions With a Transcutaneous, Real-Time Continuous Glucose Sensor: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: S. Garg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—Hypoglycemia and wide glucose excursions continue to be major obstacles to achieving target HbA1c values and the associated reductions in long-term complications (and economic costs) in people with insulin-treated diabetes. In this study we evaluated the accuracy, safety, and clinical effectiveness of a continuous glucose-sensing device.
"HEALTH PUBLICITY"
Authors: Thomas A. Hendricks
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial on "Personal Exploitation Through Health Publicity" (The Journal, October 9) is of especial interest to the physicians of Indiana. The Bureau of Publicity of the Indiana State Medical Association sends to each of its speakers rules which have been adopted by the bureau and are regarded as desirable in avoiding any "personal puffery" on the part of any individual physician. As executive secretary of the Indiana State Medical Association, the undersigned (who is not a physician) is directed to accompany each written invitation to a speaker with the following rules. We are glad to report that in Indiana since the adoption of this plan we have had no reports of efforts on the part of our speakers to indulge in self-exploitation. The following suggestions have been sent to each speaker for the last three years accompanying letters of invitation to address professional or lay audiences
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever— United States, 1987
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In 1990, state health departments reported 649 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) to CDC, a 7.6% increase from the 603 cases reported in 1989. The incidence rate was 0.26 per 100,000 persons. Of the 649 cases, 292 (45.0%) and 101 (15.6%) were reported from the South Atlantic and the West South Central regions, respectively.
Compulsory premarital screening for the human immunodeficiency virus. Technical and public health considerations
Authors: P. D. Cleary
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The effectiveness of a mandatory premarital screening program was examined as a means of curtailing the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States. The epidemiology of the HIV, the technical characteristics of tests for antibodies to HIV, and the logistic, economic, and legal implications of such a program were considered. In one year, universal premarital screening in the United States currently would detect fewer than one tenth of 1% of HIV-infected individuals at a cost of substantially more than $100 million. More than 100 infected individuals would be told that they were probably not infected, and there would likely be more than 350 false-positive results. Public education, counseling of individuals, and discretionary testing can be important tools in reducing the spread of HIV infection, but mandatory premarital screening in a population with a low prevalence of infection is a relatively ineffective and inefficient use of resources. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1757-1762)
Transplant of Partial Livers to Treat a Rare Nerve Disorder
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Summaries for Patients19 October 1999Transplant of Partial Livers to Treat a Rare Nerve DisorderSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-8-199910190-00042 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a rare disease where a substance called amyloid builds up in nerves and leads to nerve damage. This nerve damage can lead to muscular weakness and can interfere with the nerves that help internal organs work properly. The disease is known to be a result of an abnormal gene that controls the way the body handles a substance (transthyretin) that can lead to amyloid build up. The liver is the body organ that makes most of the transthyretin in the body. Experts on ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Partial-Liver Transplantation To Treat Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: Follow-up of 11 Patients.” It is in the 19 October 1999 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 131, pages 592-595). The authors are Y. Takei, S. Ikeda, Y. Hashikura, T. Ikegami, and S. Kawasaki.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPartial-Liver Transplantation To Treat Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: Follow-up of 11 Patients Yo-ichi Takei , Shu-ichi Ikeda , Yasuhiko Hashikura , Toshihiko Ikegami , and Seiji Kawasaki Metrics 19 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 8Page: 592KeywordsBiopsyGastrointestinal tractHematologic testsLiverLiver transplantationMuscular weaknessNervesNeuronsSurgeryTransplantation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 19 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Geriatric Medicine
Authors: William B. Applegate
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The magnitude of health care services required by older adults in the United States will continue to be a growing health care burden and a major societal concern well into the next century.<sup>1</sup>Declining mortality rates in persons older than 65 years contribute substantially to the increased number of older adults living into advanced old age. Recent reports by Manton and Vaupel<sup>2</sup>have refuted the centuries-old theories of the actuary Benjamin Gompertz that mortality rates increase at predictable trajectories with age. We now know that the age trajectories of mortality do not follow predictable curves. Variability in mortality curves exists even into advanced old age. Mortality rates in the upper age ranges in several species, including humans, actually decelerate with age.<sup>2</sup>The influence of genetics and environment affects the changing trajectories of the mortality curves in persons of advanced age. During the course of human existence, the
Error in Abstract
Authors: Nariman Sepehrvand, Wendimagegn Alemayehu, Justin Ezekowitz
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2020)

Joanne Simpson, PhD; Pardeep S. Jhund, PhD; Lars H. Lund, PhD; Sandosh Padmanabhan, PhD; Brian L. Claggett, PhD; Li Shen, PhD; Mark C. Petrie, MB, ChB; William T. Abraham, MD; Akshay S. Desai, MD, MPH; Kenneth Dickstein, PhD; Lars Køber, MSc; Milton Packer, MD; Jean L. Rouleau, MD; Guenther Mueller-Velten; Scott D. Solomon, MD; Karl Swedberg, PhD; Michael R. Zile, PhD; John J. V. McMurray, MD
Fasting Insulin and Outcome in Early-Stage Breast Cancer: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pamela J. Goodwin, Marguerite Ennis, Kathleen I. Pritchard, Maureen E. Trudeau, Jarley Koo, Yolanda Madarnas, Warren Hartwick, Barry Hoffman, Nicky Hood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Insulin, a member of a family of growth factors that includes insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II, exerts mitogenic effects on normal and malignant breast epithelial cells, acting via insulin and IGF-I receptors. Because of this and because of its recognized association with obesity, an adverse prognostic factor in breast cancer, we examined the prognostic associations of insulin in early-stage breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 512 women without known diabetes, who had early-stage (T1 to T3, N0 to N1, and M0) breast cancer, was assembled and observed prospectively. Information on traditional prognostic factors and body size was collected, and fasting blood was obtained. RESULTS: Fasting insulin was associated with distant recurrence and death; the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for those in the highest (&gt; 51.9 pmol/L) versus the lowest (&lt; 27.0 pmol/L) insulin quartile were 2.0 (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.3) and 3.1 (95% CI, 1.7 to 5.7), respectively. There was some evidence to suggest that the association of insulin with breast cancer outcomes may be nonlinear. Insulin was correlated with body mass index (Spearman r = 0.59, P &lt; .001), which, in turn, was associated with distant recurrence and death (P &lt; .001). In multivariate analyses that included fasting insulin and available tumor- and treatment-related variables, adjusted hazard ratios for the upper versus lower insulin quartile were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2 to 3.6) and 3.3 (95% CI, 1.5 to 7.0) for distant recurrence and death, respectively. CONCLUSION: Fasting insulin level is associated with outcome in women with early breast cancer. High levels of fasting insulin identify women with poor outcomes in whom more effective treatment strategies should be explored.
ANGIOGRAPHY AND THE THIRD DIMENSION
Journal: JAMA (1967)

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