tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical Care Medicine
Authors: Joseph E. Parrillo
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Accreditation in the field of critical care medicine has been a long-standing problem that, during the past year, moved toward a solution. The roots of modern critical care can be traced to the following. the postoperative recovery room where acute medical care was given by anesthesiologists to patients rendered critically ill by their illness and major surgery, the rhythm-monitoring and rhythm-treatment environment of the coronary care units, and the long-term ventilator use necessary to support the breathing of patients suffering respiratory failure during the poliomyelitis epidemics of the 1950s. Thus, subspecialists from multiple disciplines claimed to possess the appropriate expertise to care for critically ill patients. The -Liu.he Society of Critical Care Medicine, founded 15 years ago by physicians from these specialties, recognizes the multicentric origin of this new and evolving discipline. The Society argued that combining these different disciplines would produce a positive influence that would result in varied
Screened Fibrinogen for Prophylaxis of Venous Thrombosis
Journal: BMJ (1971)

care, and administration of health services."It is, in short, medicine applied to a group rather than to an individual patient."The statement adds that it is hoped that the pro- visional Faculty will be in a position to re- ceive applications from those wishing to be- come founder members later in the year.Further announcements will be made. Monoamine-oxidase InhibitorsThe Pharmaceutical Society has printed an MAOI warning card and suggests that it should be issued whenever one of the fol- lowing drugs is dispensed: Iproniazid; Isocarboxazid; Mebanazine; Nialamide; Pargyline; Phenelzine; Pheniprazine; Phen- oxypropazine; Pivhydrazine; Tranylcypro- mine.The format of the card, which will be supplied to chemists and dispensing doctors, is as follows:TREATMENT CARD Carry this card with you at all times.Show it to any doctor who may treat you other than the doctor who pre- scribed this medicine, and to your dentist if you require dental treatment. INSTRUCTIONS TO PATIENTSPlease read carefully While taking this medicine and for 10 days after your treatment finishes you must observe the following simple instructions:1 Do not eat CHEESE. 2 Do not eat or drink BOVRIL, OXO, MARMITE or ANY SIMILAR MEAT OR YEAST EXTRACT. 3 Do not take any other MEDICINES (including tablets, capsules, nose drops, inhalations or suppositories) whether purchased by you or pre- viously prescribed by your doctor, without first consulting him.N B Coughandcoldcures,pain relievers, tonics and laxatives are medicines.Report any severe symptoms to your doctor and follow any other advice given by him.
Laboratory Methods.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Rush Monument.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A novel form of integrin dysfunction involving β1, β2, and β3 integrins
Authors: Alison McDowall, David Inwald, Birgit Leitinger, Alison Jones, Ri Liesner, Nigel Klein, Nancy Hogg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

The adhesion receptors known as integrins perform key functions for hematopoietic cells. The platelet integrin αIIbβ3 is critical in hemostasis, and the β1 and β2 integrins on leukocytes have many roles in cell-mediated immunity. Mutations in the β2 subunit lead to integrin nonexpression and to an immune deficiency, leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1. Mutations in either the α or β subunit of αIIbβ3 usually lead to integrin nonexpression and a bleeding tendency termed Glanzmann thrombasthenia. Here we describe a unique patient with clinical features of both Glanzmann thrombasthenia and leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1. The patient has normal expression of β1, β2, and β3 integrins, but all are dysfunctional. The key findings are that "inside-out" signaling pathways leading to integrin activation are defective and that this is associated with abnormal integrin clustering. The integrins themselves are intact and capable of function following extracellular stimulation. T cell motility is normal, as are the expression levels and electrophoretic characteristics of all cytoskeletal and signaling proteins tested, except PKC-α, which has enhanced expression in the patient's cells. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a dysfunction affecting three classes of integrins. We propose that it is caused by a lesion in an intracellular factor or signaling pathway essential for integrin activation in hematopoietic cells and results in lack of regulation of clustering, an essential component of integrin-mediated adhesion.
The dietary fat-breast cancer hypothesis: is it really alive?
Authors: Neil Maizlish, Kate Cummings, Lawrence J. Fine, Thomas D. Matte, Edward L. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We believe Dr Nathan may have misunderstood the purpose of the Santa Clara physician survey. The survey was not intended to assess whether repetitive, forceful, or awkward hand movements increase the risk of CTS. That association has been firmly established in numerous studies.<sup>1-3</sup> Dr Nathan cites a single survey<sup>4</sup>as evidence against an association between occupational factors and CTS, even though workers in jobs requiring both forceful and highly repetitive hand movements did have a higher prevalence (61%) of slowed median nerve conduction than did workers in the lowest-risk jobs (28%). Reasons why an even stronger effect of ergonomic factors was not observed may include the following: the small number of subjects (23) in the highest-risk group; the exclusion of subjects with previous surgery for CTS; exposure misclassification (objective measurements of force and repetitiveness were not made); survivor bias (symptomatic workers tend to leave high-risk jobs);
Minireview: Update on Incretin Biology: Focus on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
Authors: Patricia L. Brubaker
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

The incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is now being used in the clinic to enhance insulin secretion and reduce body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although much is already known about the biology of GLP-1, much remains to be understood. Hence, this review will consider recent findings related to the potential for enhancing endogenous levels of GLP-1 through selective use of secretagogues and the beneficial cardiovascular, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory effects of GLP-1, as well as the possible effects of GLP-1 to enhance β-cell growth and/or to induce pancreatitis or thyroid cancer. Finally, the potential for molecular medicine to enhance the success of GLP-1 therapy in the clinic is considered. A better understanding of the fundamental biology of GLP-1 may lead to new therapeutic modalities for the clinical use of this intestinal hormone.
A long-term nasogastric feeding tube made from modified Penrose tubing
Authors: L. E. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A long-term nasogastric feeding tube, made from modified Penrose tubing, is soft and flexible and it collapses completely when empty. Use of this tubing in patients unable to swallow voluntarily causes less nasal and throat irritation. It also allows the cardioesophageal sphincter to remain competent, thus minimizing esophagitis and tracheal aspiration from gastric reflux.
THE TEETH OF SCHOOL CHILDREN.
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICINE IN ART
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tobacco smoking and the humanities
Authors: A. L. Barach
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The voice of the American Cancer Society on NBC indicated that cigarette smoking was a cause of pulmonary emphysema; the warning continued, "emphysema eventually causes suffocation" (Jan 31, 1970). Patients with respiratory disease have been frightened by pronouncements of this nature, whether they smoke or not. Is this kind of menacing propaganda justified on television? According to Jacques Barzun, Already the citizen is assailed with pictures and slogans about crippling and killing ailments, but this is apparentlly not enough. And the point here is not whether lives can and should be saved. It is whether the fear and duty inculcated by the propaganda are consistent with a tolerable life. When British Television broadcast medical and surgical programs, suicides followed. This is not complete evidence, but it is a sign that perhaps we have reached a peak of admonition beyond which it is not sane to go. No
CLUB PRACTICE—HOW SHALL WE MEET IT.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Modification of choreiform activity by Haloperidol
Authors: G. J. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Vanadate inhibits glucose output from isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: R Bruck
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Previous studies have demonstrated that vanadate ions mimic many of the actions of insulin in in vitro systems. Also, vanadate administered to diabetic hyperglycemic rats lowers their blood glucose levels to normal values. In this study we demonstrate that vanadate inhibits glucose output in the isolated perfused rat liver. Glucose production was suppressed maximally (about 50% to 60%), on addition of extremely low vanadate ion concentrations (0.5 to 1 μmol/L). This concentration is about two log units lower than the vanadate ion concentrations that are required to activate hexose uptake and glucose metabolism in vitro and is within the range of endogenous intracellular vanadium concentration. Insulin had little or no effect in inhibiting hepatic glucose output in this experimental system. The effect of vanadate ions is rapid in onset and is not accompanied by any signs of liver toxicity as assessed by various criteria. In conclusion, the study indicates that (a) vanadate ions inhibits hepatic glucose output, maximally and at extremely low, nontoxic concentrations (ID50 = 0.7 ± 0.1 μmol/L). (b) The modulation action of the ion is fast and probably occurs at point(s) distal to the insulin receptor itself. (c) The liver participates in the process of maintaining euglycemia in diabetic rats receiving optimal doses of vanadate orally.
Perioral dermatitis
Authors: J.A. COTTERILL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Forty-three patients with perioral dermatitis are described. In seven patients, this eruption was associated with the use of hydrocortisone butyrate (Locoid) alone, and this topical steroid can no longer be recommended unreservedly for use on the face. In fifteen other patients, medication was undertaken without medical advice. The time may have come to print on tubes of potent local steroids warnings about the hazards of long-term use on the face without medical advice. Drug companies and pharmacists could also help by asking patients to discard any partially-used tubes of ointment and an expiry date stamped prominently on the tubes rather than on the cardboard container may help. Continuing medical education is obviously still required to prevent a minority of family doctors prescribing wrongly for their patients.
Sydney Baigel
Authors: Peter Elton
Journal: BMJ (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Administration of continuous infusion of vancomycin is an alternative to administration of this drug. <h3>Purpose</h3> To evaluate the clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse effects with a regimen of vancomycin as a continuous infusion. <h3>Material and methods</h3> This was an observational retrospective study of the use of vancomycin in a child diagnosed with ganglioneuroblastoma L2. The information was obtained from the electronic clinical history (SELENE) and the pharmacy service managing software (FARMATOOLS). The programme used for monitoring the pharmacokinetics of drugs is PKS. <h3>Results</h3> The patient was a 4-year-old admitted to the paediatric ward of a hospital with febrile neutropenia after receiving the second cycle of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide+vincristine+adriamycin). Empirical antibiotic therapy was started: vancomycin (15 mg/kg/6 hours) and amikacin (15 mg/kg/24 hours). Vancomycin trough levels obtained during the first 3 days of treatment were very low (2 µg/mL) so a continuous infusion of vancomycin was started. With 60 mg/kg/24 hours of vancomycin, steady state plasma concentration (Css) of 12.1 µg/mL were obtained. Optimal Css levels for vancomycin for prophylaxis treatment are 15–20 µg/mL. Because of persistent fever and worsening of clinical status, the dose was increased to vancomycin 70 mg/kg/day and optimal plasma levels were obtained (17.5 µg/mL). The dose of amikacin was maintained at 15 mg/kg/24 hours, obtaining optimal plasma levels (trough level &lt;1 µg/mL and peak level 30–40 µg/mL). Antibiotic treatment was continued for 7 days and the child had a good response. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Administration of continuous infusion vancomycin reached therapeutic levels with good clinical efficacy and no evidence of renal injury, so it is a therapeutic strategy for patients with low levels of drugs in plasma. Moreover, it is a more comfortable administration, with decreased nursing workloads and less manipulation of intravascular catheters. We need more paediatric studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these patients using this type of administration. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> Pharmacokinetics manual pharmacy service. Data sheet of vancomycin and amikacin. Clinical Report. Evaluation of a paediatric continuous-infusion vancomycin therapy guideline (Susan McKamy, Tempe Chen, Michelle Lee, Peter J Ambrose). No conflict of interest
Physician-reported reasons for non-enrollment of older adults in cancer clinical trials.
Authors: Miki Jewel Lackman, Tina Hsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e18608 Background: Older adults (OA), age 65+, account for 60% of new cancer diagnoses but only 22-36% of those in clinical trials (CT). Prior studies surveyed physicians to recall reasons for not enrolling OA in general rather than assessing reasons for specific patients seen. Objectives: 1) Identify the percentage of OA vs younger adults (YA) offered CT enrollment; 2) Identify physician-reported reasons for non-enrollment of OA vs YA to CT Methods: Consecutive cancer patients (n = 503) seen in consultation at a single centre were enrolled. Patient, cancer characteristics and information about systemic therapy (type, whether accepted, and if CT was offered) were recorded from the consult note. For patients who accepted systemic therapy, but were not offered CT, medical oncologists were contacted to determine reason for not offering CT. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Comparison of YA and OA was done using the Chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between age and the likelihood of being offered CT. Results: Median patient age was 66. Breast (31.2%) and gastrointestinal (25.6%) cancers were most common. Almost 40% had incurable disease. OA had more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index 2+ 24.7 vs 10%), took more medications (mean 4.2 vs 2.3), and had worse performance status (PS) (ECOG 3+ 15.1 vs 5.2%) than YA (p < 0.0001). OA were less likely to be offered systemic therapy (68.3 vs 82.1%, p < 0.001) but were as likely to accept as YA. OA were less likely to be offered a CT (14.8 vs 32.1%, p < 0.001). No available CT (75.4%), poor PS (7.8%) and ineligiblity for available CT (6.3%) were the most commonly cited reasons for not offering CT to OA and YA. Poor PS in OA was more commonly cited as a reason for not offering CT compared to YA (11.8 vs 3.9%). After adjusting for patient factors including PS and comorbidities, increasing age (by decade) was associated with a lower likelihood of being offered CT OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.6-0.9, p < 0.001). Conclusions: OA are less likely to be offered but as likely to accept systemic therapy as YA. OA are less likely to be offered CT as YA even after accounting for patient factors.