tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Haemoptysis
Authors: A. H. M. Siddons
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Extracellular and intracellular recordings from slices of ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) at postnatal ages P10–53 were performed to examine the postnatal development of spindle waves and the ability of block of GABAA receptors to alter these spindle waves into a slower, synchronous oscillation. As in prior studies in the adult, intracellular and extracellular recordings at ages P33–53 revealed robust spindle waves to be present in both the LGNd and perigeniculate nucleus (PGN). Intracellular recordings from thalamocortical relay cells in the A-laminae of the LGNd revealed that these cells received repetitive inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) at 6–9 Hz during the generation of spindle waves, and generated rebound low threshold Ca2+ spikes and bursts of 2–6 action potentials following each second or third IPSP. Intracellular recordings from the GABAergic neurons of the PGN at P33–53 revealed barrages of EPSPs that activated low threshold Ca2+ spikes and high frequency burst discharges of 2–10 action potentials during spindle wave generation. In contrast, full spindle waves were absent at ages prior to approximately P22 and spindle waves between the ages of P26 and approximately P30 were relatively weak and associated with only one or two action potentials per burst in both PGN neurons and LGNd relay cells. Bath application of the GABAA antagonist bicuculline methiodide at P41–53 resulted in a conversion of normal spindle waves into a marked 2–4 Hz oscillation in which the action potential firing of both thalamocortical relay and PGN neurons was greatly increased. In contrast, block of GABAA receptors prior to age P39 did not result in the generation of the slowed, 2–4 Hz network oscillation. Investigation of the electrophysiological properties of PGN neurons revealed that the postnatal development of spindle waves and bicuculline-induced slow oscillations were associated with an increase in the ability of PGN neurons to generate high frequency bursts of action potentials, suggesting that these changes in electrophysiological properties may contribute to the late development of synchronized oscillations in the ferret LGNd.
Abstract 1614: Coconut kernel extract as a novel chemopreventive agent that target cancer stemness
Authors: Sandhya Sorra, Joyeeta Talukdar, Gayatri Gogoi, Hong Li, Debabrat Baishya, Bikul Das
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Cancer stemness can be defined as integrated molecular programs that confer stem cell phenotype to cancer cells. Cancer stemness is associated with drug resistance, immune evasion and metastasis. Our ongoing work indicates that oncogene MYC may enhance cancer stemness. We are interested to identify novel dietary agents that can target MYC mediated cancer stemness pathway. Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) kernel extract (CKE) is traditionally used in tradition Indian medicine as anti-inflammatory diet. Here, we have investigated the potential CKE mediated targeting of MYC mediated skin carcinogenesis. Methods: To determine tumor-suppressing activity of isolated CKE in vivo, we used a DMBA/TPA-mediated skin cancer in Balb/c mice. C-MYC expression in skin tumor was studied by immuno-histochemistry. The bioactive component of CKE was studied by performing histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Results: CKE treatment decreased DMBA/TPA induced tumorigenicity by 200-fold (p&amp;lt;0.001, n=10). Histological and Immuno histo-chemistry studies suggested that CKE treatment significantly inhibited over expression of c-Myc protein on skin tumorigenesis induced by DMBA/TPA. Additionally, CKE treatment also shows significant inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidase and stimulatory effect on glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in tissues treated with DMBA/TPA. Additionally, in vitro study showed that CKE reduces DMBA/TPA induced stemness in skin keratinocytes. CKE contains lauric acid as per analysis performed by high performance liquid chromatography and Nuclear magnetic resonance. However, purified lauric acid alone did not exhibit potent anti-stemness activity in vitro as compared to CKE. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that CKE is a tumor suppressing agent for chemically induced skin cancer. CKE prevent DMBA/TPA induced oxidative stress and potentially act as an inhibitor of MYC-induced cancer stemness. Citation Format: Sandhya Sorra, Joyeeta Talukdar, Gayatri Gogoi, Hong Li, Debabrat Baishya, Bikul Das. Coconut kernel extract as a novel chemopreventive agent that target cancer stemness [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1614.
On the Possibility of Automated Scoring of Pollen Mutants
Authors: Daniel Pinkel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

Both flow cytometry and automated image analysis techniques may be useful in relieving the drudgery, increasing the speed, and adding quantitation to the scoring of pollen mutants, but practical problems related to the detection of very rare events have to be overcome. The features of flow and image cytometry instrumentation that may be useful for pollen measurements are discussed and a qualitative framework is presented from which to view the rare event problem.
Single cell RNA sequencing reveals naive T cells ready for effector function in livers of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Tobias Poch, Jenny Krause, Laura Glau, Timur Liwinski, Christian Casar, Annika E. Ahrenstorf, Leonard U. Hess, Annerose E. Ziegler, Glòria Martrus, Sebastian Lunemann, Marcial Sebode, Dorothee Schwinge, Christian F. Krebs, Andre Franke, Lutz Fischer, Marcus Altfeld, Ansgar W. Lohse, Eva Tolosa, Nicola Gagliani, Christoph Schramm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Marie D. Gerhard-Herman, Heather L. Gornik, Coletta Barrett, Neal R. Barshes, Matthew A. Corriere, Douglas E. Drachman, Lee A. Fleisher, Francis Gerry R. Fowkes, Naomi M. Hamburg, Scott Kinlay, Robert Lookstein, Sanjay Misra, Leila Mureebe, Jeffrey W. Olin, Rajan A.G. Patel, Judith G. Regensteiner, Andres Schanzer, Mehdi H. Shishehbor, Kerry J. Stewart, Diane Treat-Jacobson, M. Eileen Walsh
Journal: Circulation (2016)
DIET OF THE PAUPER INSANE OF NEW YORK CITY.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
John Wedgwood
Authors: M J Denham
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Different sleep states have been shown to be vital for a variety of brain function, including learning, memory, and skill consolidation. However, our understanding of neural dynamics during sleep and the role of prominent LFP frequency bands remain incomplete. To elucidate such dynamics and changes between different behavioral states we collected multichannel LFP and spike data in primary motor cortex of unconstrained macaques for up to 24 hours using the Neurochip3. Each 8 second bin of time was classified into awake and moving (Move), awake and at rest (Rest), REM sleep (REM), or non-REM sleep (NREM) by using dimensionality reduction and clustering on the average spectral density and the acceleration of the head. LFP power showed high delta during NREM, high theta during REM, and high beta when the animal was awake. Cross-frequency phase-amplitude coupling typically showed higher coupling for deeper sleep between all pairs of frequency bands. Two notable exceptions were high delta-high gamma and theta-high gamma coupling during Move, and high theta-beta coupling during REM. Sorted single units showed decreased firing rate with deeper sleep, though with higher “bursty” patterns during NREM compared to other states. Spike-LFP synchrony showed high delta synchrony during Move, and higher coupling with all other frequency bands with deeper sleep. These results altogether are consistent with previous findings showing reactivation of cortical circuitry during sleep, which may be moderated by delta band LFP.
Evidence for Effects of Chronic Lead Exposure on Blood Pressure in Experimental Animals: An Overview
Authors: Winona Victery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Information obtained in a number of experimental studies conducted over the last 40 years on the effects of lead on blood pressure is reviewed. Differences in animal species, age at beginning of exposure, level of lead exposure, indices of lead burden, and blood pressure effects of each study are reported. In several of the high-dose experiments, hypertension was observed, but nephrotoxicity of lead may have contributed to its development. Moreover, in other high-dose experiments, no hypertension was observed, and in at least one experiment, the evidence suggested that lead could reduce an elevated blood pressure. In contrast, the lower dose experiments consistently demonstrated a hypertensive effect. Overall, the data suggest a biphasic dose response. Establishment of an appropriate animal model to study blood pressure effects of lead will require careful assessment of dietary interactions with lead, unstressed blood pressure monitoring with standardized techniques, and documentation of biologically effective lead burden. Future research should examine lead exposure at more environmentally appropriate levels in order to determine the validity of associating this pollutant with blood pressure effects in the human population.
Acute myocardial infarction
Authors: L. Lapointe-Shaw, C. M. Bell
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> This research endeavours to identify the role of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in supporting the maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) care, partnership mechanism with a formal health system and also explored livelihood options for TBAs in the health system of Pakistan. <h3>Setting</h3> The study was conducted in district Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, covering the areas where the Chitral Child Survival programme was implemented. <h3>Participants</h3> A qualitative exploratory study was conducted, comprising seven key informant interviews with health managers, and four focus group discussions with community midwives (CMWs), TBAs, members of Community Based Saving Groups (CBSGs) and members of village health committees (VHCs). <h3>Results</h3> The study identified that in the new scenario, after the introduction of CMWs in the health system, TBAs still have a pivotal role in health promotion activities such as breastfeeding promotion and vaccination. TBAs can assist CMWs in normal deliveries, and refer high-risk cases to the formal health system. Generally, TBAs are positive about CMWs’ introduction and welcome this addition. Yet their livelihood has suffered after CMWs’ deployment. Monetary incentives to them in recognition of referrals to CMWs could be one solution. The VHC is an active forum for strengthening co-ordination between the two service providers and to ensure an alternate and permanent livelihood support system for the TBAs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> TBAs have assured their continued support in provision of continuum of care for pregnant women, lactating mothers and children under the age of 5 years. The district health authorities must figure out ways to foster a healthy interface vis-à-vis roles and responsibilities of TBAs and CMWs. In time it would be worthwhile to do further research to look into the CMWs’ integration in the system, as well as TBAs’ continued role for provision of MNCH care.
Hydroa vacciniforme—a review of ten cases
Authors: T.S. Sonnex, J.L.M. Hawk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Ten patients, eight female and two male, with Bazin's hydroa vacciniforme (HV) are reviewed. Onset occurred between the ages of 1 and 11 years and has persisted indefinitely in all but three cases where the disease gradually improved during adolescence. Recurrent episodes of itching occurred on light-exposed areas within hours of sun exposure, leading to scattered erythematous papules followed by small tense vesicles. Gradual healing left pock-like scars. Cutaneous phototesting by monochromator revealed reduced minimal erythema doses at 340 nm in three patients and also at 360 nm in one of these. Histology showed focal intraepidermal spongiotic vesiculation leading to epidermal and upper dermal necrosis with a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. One patient showed features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Direct immunofluorescence in one patient showed granular C3 and fibrin deposits below the basement membrane zone. Viral studies, assessment of DNA repair, antinuclear factor titre, urinary amino acid screen, porphyrin screen and routine haematology and biochemistry were all normal. High protection factor UV-A-filtering sunscreens in six patients, low dose UV-B therapy in two patients and antimalarials in two patients were moderately helpful. β-Carotene, thalidomide and low dose PUVA were ineffective. HV is therefore a distinct clinical and histological entity associated with demonstrable UV-A sensitivity approximately: in 30% of patients. Sunscreens are the most effective therapeutic agents, but low-dose UVTB or antimalarial therapy may also be tried.
Drop in Preventable Cancer Deaths
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OUR INSPECTION OF SPANISH HOSPITALS IN CUBA.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 172: Interleukin-10-mediated Activation of AKT and Bcl2 Inhibits Chronic Angiotensin II-induced Pathological Autophagy
Authors: Suresh K Verma, Prasanna Krishnamurthy, Venkata N Girikipathi, Tatiana Abramova, Moshin Khan, Emily Nickoloff, Jennifer Johnson, Cynthia Benedict, Raj Kishore
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Rationale: Although, autophagy is an essential cellular salvage process to maintain cellular homeostasis, pathological (stress-induced exaggerated/defective) autophagy can lead to cardiac abnormalities and ultimately heart failure. Therefore, a tight regulation of autophagic process would be important to treat chronic heart failure. Previously, we have shown that IL-10 strongly inhibited pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and heart failure, but role of IL-10 in regulation of pathological autophagy is not known. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that IL-10 inhibits angiotensin II-induced pathological autophagy and this process, in part, led to improved cardiac function. Methods and Results: Pathological autophagy was induced in wild type (WT) and IL10-knockout (IL-10 KO) mice by angiotensin II (Ang II for 28 days) infusion. Ang II-induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and hypertrophic remodeling were accentuated in IL-10 KO mice compared to WT mice. IL-10 KO mice showed exaggerated autophagy as observed by Electron Microscopy and Western blotting (beclin 1, LC3 II/I and CHOP) with reduced AKT phosphorylation at serine-473. In neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRCM), Ang II treatment enhanced beclin1, LC3 and CHOP protein levels and inhibited AKT and 4EBP1 phosphorylation and Bcl2 levels. Interestingly, IL-10 inhibited Ang II-induced autophagic marker proteins. Additionally, IL-10 restored Ang II-induced suppression of AKT and 4EBP1 phosphrylation and restoration of Bcl2 protein level. Pharmacological inhibition of AKT via PI3K inhibitor (LY290002), reversed IL-10 responses on the Ang II-induced pathological autophagy, confirming that IL-10 mediated inhibition of autophagy is AKT dependent. Finally, as physical interaction of Bcl2 with beclin 1 is important to inhibit autophagy, we performed immunoprecipitation pull-down experiments, which showed Ang II disrupts the physical interaction of beclin 1 with Bcl2 and IL-10 reestablished this physical interaction to reduce autophagy. Conclusion: Our data provides a novel role of IL-10 in regulation of pathological autophagy and thus can act as a potential therapeutic molecule in treatment of chronic heart disease.
Altered stem cell dynamics in human colon adenoma crypts allow rapid expansion and fixation of mutations during clonal expansion
Authors: A. Humphries, T. Graham, S. McDonald, N. Wright
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Methylation patterns at CpG islands within non-expressed genes are surrogate markers of cell ancestry and dynamics in normal human colon crypts, and have been used to provide evidence that crypts contain multiple stem cells within a niche.1 Over time, a stem cell and its progeny will come to occupy the niche- <i>niche succession</i>, and subsequently the crypt- <i>monoclonal conversion</i>. Crypts divide by <i>crypt fission</i>, whereby a parent crypt produces two clonally related daughter crypts; this is the predominant method by which crypts expand in early tumorigenesis.2 By analysing methylation patterns of normal human colon crypts, known to be related by their sharing clonal point mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we found that the rate of niche succession is slow (years) and crypt fission is rare.3 There is a need to evaluate these dynamics in adenomas to understand how quickly they grow; we hypothesise that both stem cell niche succession and crypt fission occur at a faster rate in adenoma tissue enabling accelerated clonal expansion. <h3>Methods</h3> Fresh frozen human adenomas were obtained and clonal patches of adenomatous crypts identified by combining enzyme histochemistry and laser capture microdissection with the use of PCR sequencing to demonstrate shared clonal point mutations in mtDNA. Using DNA from the same crypt, methylation patterns at CpG islands of three non-expressed genes were determined using clonal bisulphite sequencing. <h3>Results</h3> In contrast to normal human colon, multiple, large clonal patches of crypts that shared common point mutations in their mtDNA were identified within human adenomas; these recently related adenomatous crypts had very similar, conserved methylation patterns compared to unrelated crypts (p=8.08×10<sup>−12</sup>). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that increased rates of stem cell niche succession, monoclonal conversion and crypt fission enable accelerated clonal expansion of mutated crypts within human adenomas, suggesting that these up-regulated processes allow rapid fixation and spread of successive oncogenic mutations during early tumorigenesis; further data collection will allow the time course of these events to be estimated. Combining the techniques used here with clonal oncogenic changes may reveal the selective growth advantage of specific mutations within adenomas.
Acupuncture
Authors: Benard C. Adler
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There have been many articles, both in the medical and lay literature, on acupuncture. Nowhere is there any evidence of any controlled study to determine if the acupuncture points, so painstakingly mapped out, are in reality the basis for its efficacy. It seems to me that it would be mandatory to perform a double-blind study, using a random selection of patients. In half of the patients, the needles would be placed in their proper position, but the other half would have needles placed in the approximate location, but a short distance away from the approved site. Neither the acupuncturist nor the independent observer who will record the results should be aware of the patient's group. By this method, the role of suggestion can be easily determined. This factor should be firmly established or eliminated before there can be speculations about the theories of the mechanisms involved.
Pending Resolution: The Question of Who Owns DNA
Authors: Richard Dahl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

With the emergence of the Human Genome Project and its private counterparts, the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office has begun receiving applications for the patenting of genes and genetic sequences. Earlier patent decisions regarding similar scientific advances limited patents to organisms "made by the hand of man," which would seem to remove discovered genes from patent protection. But many applicants have been successful in attaining patents for genes based on their ability to demonstrate the ultimate utility of the gene, for instance in medicine. One controversy regarding genomic patenting, however, is that patents apparently have been granted for mere gene fragments devoid of much demonstrable utility. Furthermore, critics fear that gene patenting will retard research by squelching scientists' ability to share findings freely.