tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
David Blaney
Authors: S. M. I. L. P. Gaskell
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Neutrophil granulocytes are the first and robust responders to the chemotactic molecules released from an inflamed acidic tissue. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of microenvironmental pH in neutrophil chemotaxis. To this end, we used neutrophils from male C57BL/6J mice and combined live cell imaging chemotaxis assays with measurements of the intracellular pH (pH<sub>i</sub>) in varied extracellular pH (pH<sub>e</sub>). Observational studies were complemented by biochemical analyses of leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> (LTB<sub>4</sub>) production and activation of the Cdc42 Rho GTPase. Our data show that pH<sub>i</sub> of neutrophils dose-dependently adapts to a given pH of the extracellular milieu. Neutrophil chemotaxis toward C5a has an optimum at pH<sub>i</sub> ∼7.1, and its pH<sub>i</sub> dependency is almost parallel to that of LTB<sub>4</sub> production. Consequently, a shallow pH<sub>e</sub> gradient, resembling that encountered by neutrophils during extravasation from a blood vessel (pH ∼7.4) into the interstitium (pH ∼7.2), favors chemotaxis of stimulated neutrophils. Lowering pH<sub>e</sub> below pH 6.8, predominantly affects neutrophil chemotaxis, although the velocity is largely maintained. Inhibition of the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger 1 (NHE1) with cariporide drastically attenuates neutrophil chemotaxis at the optimal pH<sub>i</sub> irrespective of the high LTB<sub>4</sub> production. Neutrophil migration and chemotaxis are almost completely abrogated by inhibiting LTB<sub>4</sub> production or blocking its receptor (BLT1). The abundance of the active GTP-bound form of Cdc42 is strongly reduced by NHE1 inhibition or pH<sub>e</sub> 6.5. In conclusion, we propose that the pH dependence of neutrophil chemotaxis toward C5a is caused by a pH<sub>i</sub>-dependent production of LTB<sub>4</sub> and activation of Cdc42. Moreover, it requires the activity of NHE1.
Acute diaphragmatic paralysis after chest tube placement
Authors: A. Palomeque
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1990)

in group 2 patients [2].Under these circumstances, any increase in VO z would normally be preceded by a rise in DO2; however, our patients failed to show such a rise, having possibly reached their maximum level of cardiac output.Similar results were reported by Beach and colleagues [3], who found falls in CI and ~rO z upon switching over from CMV to SB in patients with low cardiac output.Many patients evolved favorably after extubation in both this study and in ours.
Recombinant erythropoietin and Medicare payment
Authors: J. E. Sisk
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The biologic recombinant human erythropoietin provides a recent case study of the great influence federal policies, especially Medicare payment, exert over the use and cost of medical technologies. By covering most dialysis patients, Medicare has been the predominant payer for recombinant erythropoietin, which corrects anemia associated with chronic renal disease. Medicare's leverage seems to have produced a low US price for the product. Paying a fixed rate per treatment with the biologic agent gave dialysis facilities a financial incentive to use low doses, but Medicare did not routinely monitor patients' responses. By August 1990, average and modal doses were low, and fewer than 45% of patients who had been treated for 6 months or more had ever attained the target hematocrit. Medicare should recognize the financial incentives of its payment policies and routinely evaluate the quality of care for beneficiaries. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:247-252)
Surfactant extract reduces infant respiratory distress
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A purified extract of surfactant obtained from human amniotic fluid has successfully reduced the problems of managing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in a group of nine premature infants. A single endotracheal dose of 60 mg/kg of the surfactant resulted in a dramatic rise in oxygen tension as well as other favorable effects, permitting the investigators to cut in half the amount of oxygen the infants were given compared with 17 control patients who received conventional intermittent ventilation. Such measures can reduce the chances of oxygen toxicity. The results, reported by T. Allen Merritt, MD, assistant professor of pediatrics of the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine at the meeting of the American Pediatric Society-Society for Pediatric Research in Washington, DC, were described as a major advance by Sumner Yaffe, MD, director of the Center for Research for Mothers and Children of the National Institute for Child Health and
Reactive Ring-Opened Aldehyde Metabolites in Benzene Hematotoxicity
Authors: Gisela Witz, Zhihua Zhang, Bernard D. Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The hematotoxicity of benzene is mediated by reactive benzene metabolites and possibly by other intermediates including reactive oxygen species.We previously hypothesized that ring- opened metabolites may significantly contribute to benzene hematotoxicity.Consistent with this hypothesis, our studies initially demonstrated that benzene is metabolized in vitro to trans-trans- muconaldehyde (MUC), a reactive six-carbon diene dialdehyde, and that MUC is toxic to the bone marrow in a manner similar to benzene.Benzene toxicity most likely involves interactions among several metabolites that operate by different mechanisms to produce more than one biological effect.Our studies indicate that MUC coadministered with hydroquinone is a particularly potent metabolite combination that causes bone marrow damage, suggesting that the involvement of ring-opened metabolites in benzene toxicity may be related to their biological effects in combination with other benzene metabolites.Studies in our laboratory and by others indicate that MUC is metabolized to a variety of compounds by oxidation or reduction of the aldehyde groups.The aldehydic MUC metabolite 6-hydroxy-trans-trans-2,4-hexadienal (CHO-M-OH), similar to MUC but to a lesser extent, is reactive toward glutathione, mutagenic in V79 cells, and hematotoxic in mice.It is formed by monoreduction of MUC, a process that is reversible and could be of biological signifi- cance in benzene bone marrow toxicity.The MUC metabolite 6-hydroxy-trans-trans-2,4-hexa- dienoic (COOH-M-OH) is an end product of MUC metabolism in vitro.Our studies indicate that COOH-M-OH is a urinary metabolite of benzene in mice, a finding that provides further indirect evidence for the in vivo formation of MUC from benzene.Mechanistic studies showed the formation of cis-trans-muconaldehyde in addition to MUC from benzene incubated in a hydroxyl radical-generating Fenton system.These results suggest that the benzene ring is initially opened to cis,cis-muconaldehyde, an unstable isomer that rearranges to cis-trans-muconaldehyde, which further rearranges to trans-trans-muconaldehyde. The latter is not formed from benzene dihydrodiol by reactive oxygen species in a Fenton system that contains reactive oxygen species.
Flashes in astronaut's eyes.
Journal: BMJ (1970)

cyclines were given orally the plasma levels of antibiotic reached only 10-50% of the level expected.Because iron and tetracyclines bind in equimolecular ratios, the reduction in the amount of tetracycline absorbed was relatively greater for those with a low recommended dose than for those with a high one.From this work it can be predicted that only insignificant amounts of antibiotic would be absorbed if 200 mg. of ferrous sulphate and 250 mg. of any tetracycline were given simultaneously by mouth.Patients requiring both iron and tetracyclines for their treatment are commonly seen.Moreover, iron is a constituent of popular tonics and beverages freely available to the public.Thus the interaction between iron and tetracycline, as a result of which neither is absorbed, is likely to be common and could lead to failure of antibiotic therapy.Clearly iron by mouth must not be prescribed while a patient is receiving a tetra- cycline.
Recent Trends in Stimulant Medication Use Among U.S. Children
Authors: Samuel H Zuvekas, Benedetto Vitiello, Grayson S Norquist
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate and amphetamines, are commonly prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Stimulant use increased fourfold from 1987 (0.6%) to 1996 (2.4%) among subjects 18-year-old and younger in the U.S. The aim of this study was to determine whether pediatric use of stimulants continued to rise during the period 1997–2002. Method: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) database for the years 1997–2001 was analyzed. The MEPS is a yearly survey of a nationally representative sample of civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. households, conducted by the U.S. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality. Previously reported estimates from the 1996 MEPS and the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, the predecessor to MEPS, were also replicated to compare recent trends to changes between 1987 and 1996. Results: The prevalence use of stimulants among subjects under 19 years of age was 2.7% (95% C.I. 2.3–3.1) in 1997 and 2.9% (95% C.I. 2.5–3.3) in 2002, with no statistically significant change during these 6 years. Likewise, when pooling data across years and comparing the rate in 1997–1998 (2.8%) with the rate in 2001–2002 (3.0%), no statistically significant changes emerged. Use was highest among 6–12 year olds (4.8% in 2002), as compared with 3.2% among 13–19 year olds and 0.3% among children under 6. An estimated 2.2 million (95% C.I. 1.9–2.6) children received stimulant medication in 2002 as compared to 2.0 million (95% C.I. 1.7–2.3) in 1997. Conclusions: The steep increase in the utilization of stimulants among children 18 years and younger that occurred over the 1987–1996 period attenuated in the following years through 2002, and has remained stable among very young children.
Table Correction
Journal: BMJ (1944)

Discussion of TableIn England and Wales during the week the incidence of whooping-cough, scarlet fever,, and measles dropped by 204, 93, and 85 respectively.There was a slight rise (31 cases) in the notifications of diphtheria; during the past five weeks the average number of cases of this disease has reached the low level of 478.The local trends of scarlet fever underwent little change during the week.Although there were fewer notiications of whooping-cough, the largest local variations were rises in Cheshire and Warwickshire-which reported respectively 47 and 40 more cases than last week-and a decrease of 40 cases in Kent.London and Lancashire each had 60 fewer cases of measles than last week, and Middlesex 40; the greatest rises in this disease were 57 in Southampton and 47 in Kent.Dysentery notifications went up by 10 during the week.The chief outbreak was in Glamorganshire 59 (Penarth U.D. 46, Cardiff C.B. 11).The other large returns were from Lancashire 31, Sussex 16, Yorks West Riding 11, Warwickshire 10, London 10.In Scotland notifications of measles were 147 fewer than last week, whooping-cough 44, and scarlet fever 27.Glasgow reported 37 and Edinburgh 13 of the total of 88 cases of
Successful immunization of children with and without maternal antibody by aerosolized measles vaccine. I. Different results with undiluted human diploid cell and chick embryo fibroblast vaccines
Authors: A. B. Sabin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Inhalation of undiluted, aerosolized measles vaccine was immunogenic in 100% of 4- to 6-month-old and older children with and without residual maternal antibody when the human diploid cell (HDC) vaccine containing the Ikić (Edmonston-Zagreb) strain and 1% human albumin was used but in a smaller percentage of infants given a chick embryo fibroblast (CEF) vaccine, which contained the Edmonston-Schwarz strain, ten times more virus, and hypertonic sugar solution but no added protein. Prevaccination residual placentally transmitted plaque-neutralizing antibody titers of 25 to 512 that can prevent an immune response after subcutaneous injection of measles vaccine did not prevent an immune response after inhalation of aerosolized vaccine. There were no immediate clinical reactions in the 160 children who inhaled the aerosolized vaccines, and no significant subsequent reactions among the 96 children who were successfully immunized. There were no contact infections. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2651-2662)
The Hypotensive Action of B.W.467C60
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Don Perlis and Jonathan: the Augenblick says phenylketonuria
Authors: W. F. Eich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The cover and cover story<i>Don Perlis and Jonathan</i><sup>1</sup>present an interesting Augenblicksdiagnose ("eye-blink diagnosis"). I could not have guessed that the boy was retarded. But told that he is, I am almost certain that he has phenylketonuria. The boy's complexion is much lighter than his father's, and the paleness of his eyes is especially striking. This is highly suggestive of phenylketonuria, although not pathognomonic. The metabolic block in phenylketonuria prevents phenylalanine from being converted to tyrosine. Toxic levels of phenylalanine accumulate and cause mental retardation. The resulting low levels of tyrosine, a melanin precursor, result in decreased melanin synthesis. The affected child is typically much fairer in complexion than other members of his family, though not as pale as an albino. Why was Jonathan not diagnosed and treated in infancy? Diet therapy is capable of greatly moderating the disease and resulting in normal or near-normal
Griscelli syndrome restricted to hypopigmentation results from a melanophilin defect (GS3) or a MYO5A F-exon deletion (GS1)
Authors: G. Menasche
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

PPARγ agonists but not PPAR antagonists, as listed in Table 2, have shown inhibitory effects on HSCs and antifibrotic effects in animal models with liver fibrosis and patients with NASH.
EEG monitoring during cardiac arrest and resuscitation
Authors: J. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1980)

DOCUMENTATION of human cerebral electrical activity at the time of cardiac arrest is rarely available. During a recent case of emergency carotid endarterectomy, a 27-s period of ventricular asystole occurred. Cerebral electrical activity was lost within 15 s of asystole and returned almost instantly on resuscitation. This case is presented because complete documentation of physiological measurements for the period before, during, and immediately after the patient's cardiac arrest was available. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient was a 62-year-old woman with a history of syncopal episodes for several months. Two days before surgery, she sustained an apparent stroke resulting in right-arm paralysis. Angiography disclosed severe left internal carotid artery stenosis. Preoperative ECGs showed evidence of intermittent anterolateral subendocardial ischemia. Because of progressive neurological deterioration, an emergency carotid endarterectomy was performed. Following insertion of intravenous (IV), radial, and pulmonary artery catheters and application of EEG and ECG monitors (including precordial leads),
Access to Health Care
Authors: Burton C. West
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 February 1993Access to Health CareBurton C. West, MDBurton C. West, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:On September 15, I read a headline in the Wall Street Journal indicating that physicians in the American College of Physicians—all 79 000 of us—agreed to cap our fees. I wondered, when I was offered a chance to vote in a referendum on this public policy statement? I called the ACP and was told that the press had not correctly represented the balanced tone of the published statement. What naivete! That day, all electronic news media and The Plain Dealer blared forth with this message: 79 000 physicians want their fees regulated by the government. Not until ...References1. Scott HD, Shapiro HB. Universal insurance for American health care. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:511-9. Google Scholar2. Mickenberg ID. Medicare versus primary care. Letter. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:963. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 3Page: 232-235KeywordsBehaviorHealth carePublic policy Issue Published: 1 February 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients3 October 2000High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Treatment of Ovarian CancerSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-7-200010030-00002 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Most women with ovarian cancer that has spread outside the ovaries die of the cancer despite treatment; very few survive more than 2 years after the cancer spreads. Researchers are therefore developing new treatment strategies, including autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). In ASCT, patients first receive strong chemotherapy drugs to wipe out the cancer cells. Since the chemotherapy also wipes out normal bone marrow cells that are necessary for life, the bone marrow is then replaced with normal bone marrow–forming cells (stem cells). These normal cells are taken from ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Ovarian Cancer: An Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry Report.” It is in the 3 October 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 504-515). The authors are PJ Stiff, J Veum-Stone, HM Lazarus, L Ayash, JR Edwards, A Keating, JP Klein, DJ Oblon, TC Shea, S Thomé, and MM Horowitz.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHigh-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation for Ovarian Cancer: An Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry Report Patrick J. Stiff , Judith Veum-Stone , Hillard M. Lazarus , Lois Ayash , John R. Edwards , Armand Keating , John P. Klein , David J. Oblon , Thomas C. Shea , Stephan Thomé , and Mary M. Horowitz Metrics 3 October 2000Volume 133, Issue 7Page: I-24KeywordsBone marrowBone marrow cellsCancer chemotherapyCancer treatmentCellsChemotherapyDrugsHigh-dose chemotherapyOvarian cancerTransplantation ePublished: 3 October 2000 Issue Published: 3 October 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Semana Médica, Buenos Aires
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metabolic Activation of Benzo(a)pyrene in SENCAR and BALB/c Mouse Embryo Cell Cultures
Authors: William M. Baird, Said M. Sebti, Lori A. Reinsvold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The metabolism and DNA binding of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were compared in early passage mouse embryo cell cultures prepared from SENCAR mice, a strain especially susceptible to two-stage tumorigenesis, and BALB/c mice, a strain relatively resistant to two-stage tumorigenesis. Cultures from both strains metabolized similar amounts of B(a)P; however, the proportion of water-soluble metabolites formed was higher in the BALB/c cultures than in the SENCAR cultures. The major metabolites formed in cultures from both strains were B(a)P-9,10-diol, B(a)P-7,8-diol and the glucuronic acid conjugate of 3-hydroxy-B(a)P. The level of binding of B(a)P to DNA was greater in the SENCAR mouse embryo cell cultures than in the BALB/c cultures after 5, 24, and 48 hr exposure. The major B(a)P-DNA adduct formed in B(a)P-treated cultures from both strains was the adduct formed by reaction of (+)anti-B(a)P-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide [anti-B(a)PDE, the isomer with the epoxide and the benzylic hydroxyl on opposite faces of the molecule] with the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. Immobilized boronate chromatography followed by high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the presence of small amounts of syn-B(a)PDE (the isomer with the epoxide and benzylic hydroxyl on the same face of the molecule)-DNA adducts. The proportions of these amounts were similar in cultures from both strains. The results suggest that SENCAR mouse embryo cell cultures may convert less B(a)P to water-soluble metabolites and more to DNA-binding metabolites than BALB/c mouse embryo cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)