tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erratum: “Prenatal Exposure to DDT and Pyrethroids for Malaria Control and Child Neurodevelopment: The VHEMBE Cohort, South Africa”
Authors: Brenda Eskenazi, Sookee An, Stephen A. Rauch, Eric S. Coker, Angelina Maphula, Muvhulawa Obida, Madelein Crause, Katherine R. Kogut, Riana Bornman, Jonathan Chevrier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2020)

In this article, pyrethroid metabolite measurements were reported to be specific gravity-corrected.However, the statistical analyses were completed with uncorrected pyrethroid metabolite measurements.The results using specific gravity-corrected metabolite measurements are largely consistent with the uncorrected analyses.This error affected the data in Tables S2,S3, S5, S7, S10, S11, S14, S15 andFigures S2-S16 andTables 2, 6, 7, and 8 in the article, as well as associated text.The main text tables and associated text, as well as the supplemental tables and figures, have been corrected in this erratum and the original article.This error does not affect the results with DDT/DDE serum measurements.In addition, the fourth sentence of the fifth paragraph in the "Results" section read "There was a significant interaction of cis-DBCA and sex on Receptive Communication and Language Composite with a negative coefficient in girls and a positive coefficient in boys, although neither sex stratum was significant."The statement regarding a lack of a significant sex stratum is incorrect, both for the specific gravity-corrected and uncorrected data and has been removed from the article.In addition in Table 7, the first column heading read "cis-DrBCA" and has been corrected to "cis-DBCA."Likewise, "carboxylicacid" has been corrected to "carboxylic acid" throughout the manuscript.Finally, the data for Cognitive and Receptive Communication Bayley Scales of Infant Development measures were inadvertently omitted from Table 6 of the article.These data are now provided in the corrected table.
Traffic deaths go up again. Role of the alcoholic driver; our present control methods
Authors: H. E. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The fact that the number of motor-vehicle deaths in this country has climbed steadily from 36,981 in 1958 to 52,500 in 1966 must mean that we have not discovered the principal cause, or applied the definitive remedy. Our experiences with malaria, pneumonia, and cancer would tell us that this is so. At the outset, the point must be made clear that the fatal and very-serious-injury "accident" is quite a different entity from the ordinary fenderbender, or even the accident in which people are cut by flying glass and get a broken bone or two. Not always, but in most cases, there is marked crushing or deformation of the cars involved. This is due, of course, to the fact that there are mostly high-speed crashes, and this is where the slogan "SPEED KILLS" came from. But we must push back farther to a more basic question, "Why were these high-speed cars
A Pilot Study of Urinary Estrogen Metabolites (16α-OHE 1 and 2-OHE 1 ) in Postmenopausal Women with and without Breast Cancer
Authors: Giske Ursin, Stephanie London, Frank Z. Stanczyk, Elisabet Gentzschein, Annlia Paganini-Hill, Ronald K. Ross, Malcolm C. Pike
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The two main pathways for metabolizing estrogen are via 1 6a-hydroxylation and 2-hydroxylation.The 16a-hydroxy metabolites are biologically active; the 2-hydroxy metabolites are not.It is suggested that women who metabolize a larger proportion of their endogenous estrogen via the 16a-hydroxy pathway may be at significantly elevated risk of breast cancer compared with women who metabolize proportionally more estrogen via the 2-hydroxy pathway.In particular, it is suggested that the ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHEl) to 16a-hydroxyestrone (16a-OHE1) is an index of reduced breast cancer risk.This pilot study compared this ratio in postmenopausal women diagnosed with breast cancer to those of healthy controls.Urinary concentrations of estrone (El), 17,Bestradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) were also quantified.White women who were subjects in a previous breast cancer case-control study at our institution were eligible for inclusion.All participants provided a sample of their first morning urine.The results from the first 25 cases and 23 controls are presented here.The ratio of 2-OHE, to 1 6a-OHE1 was 12% lower in the cases (p=0.58).However, urinary El was 30% higher (p=0.10),E2 was 58% higher (p=0.07),E3 was 15% higher (p=0.48), and the sum of El, E2, and E3 was 22% higher (p= 0.16) in the cases.These preliminary results do not support the hypothesis that the ratio of the two hydroxylation metabolites (2-OHE1/16a-OHE1) is an important risk factor for breast cancer or that it is a better predictor of breast cancer risk than levels of E1, E2 and E3 measured in urine.
Harefuah, Tel-Aviv
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coagulopathy caused by vitamin K deficiency in critically ill, hospitalized patients
Authors: J. B. Alperin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

A coagulopathy due to vitamin K deficiency was discovered in 42 hospitalized patients, most of whom had been misdiagnosed as having disseminated intravascular coagulation. Factors contributing to vitamin deficiency included inadequate diet, malabsorption, failure of physicians to prescribe vitamin K supplements, antibiotic therapy, renal insufficiency, hepatic dysfunction, recent major surgery, and possibly pregnancy. Sixteen patients (34%) bled sufficiently to need red blood cell transfusions and ten patients (24%) ultimately died. Of 18 patients who also had thrombocytopenia, three did have disseminated intravascular coagulation. The deficiency, a contributor to morbidity and mortality, can be prevented by prophylactic administration of vitamin K to severely ill patients who are eating inadequately and receiving antibiotics. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:1916-1919)
Wound Ballistics
Authors: John S. Culp
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I would like to commend Dr Fackler<sup>1</sup>for his excellent article in the May 13 issue of<i>JAMA</i>explaining the mechanisms of gunshot injury. Much misinformation continues to be propagated in both scientific and lay literature on this subject, and this article should help to reduce the confusion. It cannot be overemphasized that dogmatically basing treatment recommendations on velocity or energy level of the bullet is inappropriate. Too many factors influence the bullet-tissue interaction for any formula to be able to predict the severity of injury. Not having access to facilities for producing standardized ballistic gelatin targets or high-speed photographs, I have tested many types of bullets in some of the less realistic media Dr Fackler mentions and have found the shot-to-shot variability of results to be impressive. Were the figures illustrating wound channels typical specimens from large series or composites? I was interested in
Blood Glucose Control and the Evolution of Diabetic Retinopathy and Albuminuria
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

We conducted a prospective multicenter randomized trial to determine both the feasibility of maintaining blood glucose control at differing levels and the effect of improved control on diabetic microangiopathy and albuminuria. Seventy patients with diabetes (low C-peptide level) with nonproliferative retinopathy were randomly assigned to continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion or unchanged conventional injection treatment. At entry, both groups had similar demographic, clinical, and glycemic characteristics. Over the succeeding eight months, mean 24-hour glucose concentrations (175±9 mg per deciliter) and glycosylated hemoglobin levels (10.0±0.3 per cent) remained elevated during conventional treatment but fell to nearly normal levels (117±6 mg per deciliter and 8.1±0.2 per cent, respectively) with continuous insulin infusion. The frequency of biochemical hypoglycemia (<40 mg of blood glucose per deciliter) was similar in both groups, but ketoacidosis occurred only during continuous infusion. The level of retinopathy, assessed from photographs, progressed in both groups. Continuous infusion was associated with slightly more deterioration, mainly because of the appearance of soft exudates and intraretinal microvascular abnormalities. In contrast, elevated albumin-excretion rates fell during continuous infusion but not during conventional treatment. We conclude that maintenance of differing levels of blood glucose is feasible in a multicenter trial and that a nearly normal blood glucose level for eight months does not retard progression of, and may initially worsen, established retinopathy. These preliminary observations indicate the need for longer trials (particularly of primary prevention). (N Engl J Med 1984; 311:365–72.)
Integrin Targeted Delivery of Radiotherapeutics
Authors: Zhaofei Liu, Fan Wang, Xiaoyuan Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2011)

Targeted radionuclide therapy, which is based on the selective delivery of a sufficient radiation dose to tumors without significantly affecting normal tissues, is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies.Integrins, a family of cell adhesion molecules, play key roles during tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.Among all the integrins, αvβ3 seems to be the most important in the process of tumor angiogenesis.Integrin αvβ3 is highly expressed on activated endothelial cells, new-born vessels as well as some tumor cells, but is not present in resting endothelial cells and most normal organ systems, making it a suitable target for anti-tumor therapy.In this review, we summarize the current development and applications of antibody-, peptide-, and other ligand-based integrin targeted radiotherapeutics for tumor radiation therapy.
Editorial: Hazards of tabes dorsalis.
Journal: BMJ (1975)

a negative laparotomy, though the risk to the mother has been shown to be negligible and to the fetus very slight.8 9 In fact, nothing disturbs the fetus so much as appendicitis progressing to peritonitis.Once the doctor appreciates that serious disorders may lurk behind seemingly mild signs it is essential to look critically at what symptoms and signs there are.If after a short period of "active observation"'0 the surgeon is still unable to exclude acute appendicitis, then he must for safety's sake make a muscle-splitting incision5 11 over the point of maximum tenderness.In acute appendicitis, even in advanced pregnancy, this approach will provide good exposure of the appendix and cause the minimum of uterine disturbance.When in doubt the surgeon must look and see, not wait and see.
Attempting to ensure physician competence
Authors: D. A. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Ensuring the competence of the 17 000 practicing physicians in the Canadian province of Ontario has occupied more than a decade of activity on the part of the provincial licensing authority, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario (CPSO).<sup>1</sup>While still in a developmental stage, the provincial peer review system places importance on (and thus provides an opportunity to test models of) physician assessment, learning, and change. The peer review system was initially developed in the mid1970s. At that time, peer review policymakers viewed continuing medical education (CME) activities in a narrow, but appropriately critical, light and rejected compliance with mandatory CME requirements as a measurement of physician competence. This action reflected the belief that most CME programs failed to change physician performance. Studies conducted since that time concluded that formal CME courses do produce knowledge transfer<sup>2-6</sup>; but without reinforcement, feedback, or other behavior modification techniques, CME
Gastroenterology
Authors: David F. Ransohoff
Journal: JAMA (1993)

One of the strongly held notions of medical pathophysiology is that acid is the primary cause of duodenal ulcers. Indeed, the term<i>acid-peptic disease</i>reflects the prevailing concept of cause, and so therapy is aimed primarily at acid. "Antacids," such as acid-neutralizing compounds, histamine<sup>2</sup>blockers, or proton pump inhibitors, are indisputably effective in healing ulcer disease and, if taken chronically, in preventing recurrence. It now appears, however, that an even more important factor may be responsible for ulcers (at least duodenal ulcers): infestation with<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>. Two important lines of evidence now support a possible causal role. First,<i>H pylori</i>is present in the antrums of virtually all persons with a duodenal ulcer who do not use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or do not have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as a possible cause of ulcer. Second, treatment and eradication of<i>H pylori</i>dramatically reduces the frequency of ulcer recurrence compared with treatment of
FOLFOX4/XELOX in stage II–III colon cancer: early survival data of the Italian Three Or Six Colon Adjuvant (TOSCA) trial
Authors: A. Zaniboni, S. Lonardi, R. Labianca, M. Di Bartolomeo, G. Rosati, M. Ronzoni, N. Pella, M. Banzi, M.G. Zampino, F. Pasini, P. Marchetti, L. Rimassa, E. Maiello, P. Bidoli, S. Cinieri, S. Barni, L. Ciuffreda, G. Beretta, L. Frontini, E. Rulli, A. Sobrero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Miscellanea Medica
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A POSSIBLE GERM OF SMALLPOX.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proceedings of the British Thoracic Society. 12-14 July 1989, University of Southampton. Abstracts.
Authors: E Chilvers, P Barnes, S Nahorski, Caroline Dixon, L Chopra, Jpt Ward, I Cameron, G Ventresca, G Nichol, A Nix, K Chung, Q Hamid, Jcw Mak, Lch John, A Wood, P Magee, C Lewis, M Gosney, Crk Gosney, Mdw Hind, Brc O'driscoll, H Notley
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Receptor mediated hydrolysis of phos- phatidylinostol 4,5-bisphosphate is now regarded as an important step in the regulation of intracellular calcium and ASM contraction.Lithium (Li +), a potent inhibitor of inositol-l-phosphatase, depletes cellular inositol and has been shown to modulate ASM contraction in vitro (Menkes et al, Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;33:A1 15).We have therefore examined the effects ofLi + on musarinic receptor stimulated inositol polyphosphate (InsPl-InsP4) formation in bovine trachealis.Muscle slices (300 x 300 pm) were labelled with[3H]myo-inositol (NEN; 2 5 pCi/50 p1 slices) prior to stimula- tion with 01 mM carbachol for 30 min in the presence or absence of Li+.Reactions were terminated with 1M TCA and Inspl-InsP4 separated by anion exchange chromatogra- phy.Li + caused a dose dependent increase in [3H] InsPl accumulation (10-7 (1-3) fold increase (mean (SEM)); EC50 1-7 mM). 5 mM Li + increased [3H] InsP 2, [3H] InsP3 and [3H] InsP4 levels by 2-1 (01), 1-2 (01) and 0-98 (04) fold respectively.The inhibition of [3H] InsP2 breakdown by Li + was less potent than for [3H] InsPl.The effect of Li + on [3H] InsP3 accumulation may reflect the marked predominance of the Ins (1, 3, 4)P3 isomer over Ins (1, 4, 5)P3 seen in this tissue following carbachol stimulation since the conversion of Ins (1, 3, 4)P3 to Ins (3, 4)P2 is also Li+ sensitive.This study indicates that low concentrations of Li + severely perturb carbachol stimulated inositol polyphosphate metabolism in ASM.These findings, together with the depletion in phos- phatidylinositol seen following carbachol stimulation in the presence of Li + (Chilvers et al, Br J Pharmac: 1988;95:778P), may form the biochemical basis for the effect of lithium on ASM contractility.Tolerance to metabisulphite induced bronchoconstriction and duration of action of nedocromil sodium
MRSA Infections
Authors: John L. Zeller, Alison E. Burke, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2007)

MRSA InfectionsM ethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of bacterium.Staph bacteria, like other kinds of bacteria, frequently live on the skin and in the nose without causing health problems.Staph becomes a problem when it is a source of infection.These bacteria can be spread from one person to another through casual contact or through contaminated objects.Infections with MRSA are more difficult to treat than ordinary Staph infections because these strains of bacteria are resistant to many types of antibiotics-the medicines used to treat bacterial infections.Infections can occur in wounds, burns, and other sites where tubes have been inserted into the body.In 2005, there were an estimated 94 360 cases of MRSA infections in the United States.MRSA that is acquired in a hospital is called hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA).MRSA infections are now becoming more common in healthy, nonhospitalized persons.These infections can occur among young people who have cuts or wounds and who have close contact with one another, such as members of sports teams.This type of MRSA is called community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA).The October 17, 2007, issue of JAMA includes an article that documents the increasing incidence and burden of invasive MRSA infections.
Table of Diseases Treated Between the 24th of February, 1843, and the 31st of January, 1846
Authors: G. Fife
Journal: BMJ (1846)

tinue the quinine for fear of weakening its effects, if subsequently needed; for I contend that, if proper precautions are observed iu the administration of the medicinie, its continuanice is the only sure and expe.ditious mode of overcoming the disease.He resorts
Investigations on Malaria in Italy
Authors: None Celli
Journal: BMJ (1899)

ITALY.[JAI.2FD, r8gg.sterilised virgin soils it died out.These observations are verified and extended.The temperature at which the experiments were conducted appeared to exert only slight influence on the results.The labour of recovering the typhoid bacillus from soil not sterilised is very great, but Dr. Martin records a single experiment in which he succeeded in recovering the typhoid bacillus from an unsterilised soil, fifty days after its inoculation.This is undoubtedly a most valuable contribu- tion, and should encourage Dr. Martin to continue his experi- ments.MICROBES ASSOCIATED WITH SCARLATINA.Dr. Klein makes a furtlher report on the streptococcus, named S. searlatince or conglomeratus, isolated by him from the throat and nasal discharge of patienlts suffering from scar- latina.It is not found in the desquamating skin, urine, or aural discharge.Dr. Klein expresses the opinion that it is
Future directions for rhodopsin structure and function studies
Authors: Paul A. Hargrave
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) may be useful for determining the structure of retinal and its environment in rhodopsin, but not for determining the complete protein structure. Aggregation and low yield of fragments of rhodopsin may make them difficult to study by NMR. A long-term multidisciplinary attack on rhodopsin structure is required.
Variations on a Theme
Authors: Howard W. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The theoretical concept of in vitro fertilization has become a clinical reality. This is not to say that there are no unsolved problems with the technique. On the contrary, the variables in the process are many, teamwork of persons with different talents is essential, careful attention to detail is required, and success is often elusive. Despite the vagaries of in vitro fertilization, there has been a remarkable proliferation of programs to carry it out. This speaks on one hand to the demand for help in overcoming infertility and on the other to the willingness of the specialty to embrace new challenges. It would be contrary to experience and therefore naive to expect that all programs will quickly achieve an acceptable viable pregnancy rate. Realism makes it necessary only to hope that the great majority of programs will succeed and to express the additional hope that those who encounter insurmountable obstacles