tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A functional androgen receptor is not sufficient to allow estradiol to protect bone after gonadectomy in estradiol receptor–deficient mice
Authors: Natalie A. Sims, Philippe Clément-Lacroix, Dominique Minet, Caroline Fraslon-Vanhulle, Martine Gaillard-Kelly, Michèle Resche-Rigon, Roland Baron
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Although the role of estradiol in maintaining bone mass is well established, the relative contributions of the estradiol receptors ERα and ERβ and of the androgen receptor (AR) remain controversial. To determine the role of ERα-mediated, ERβ-mediated, and non–ER-mediated mechanisms in maintaining bone mass, gonadectomy and estradiol treatment were studied in ER-knockout mice. Estradiol treatment of ovariectomized ERαβ–/– mice failed to prevent bone loss, precluding significant effects of estradiol on bone through non–ER-signaling pathways. In contrast, estradiol prevented ovariectomy-induced bone loss in ERβ–/– mice, as in WT males and females, indicating that ERα is the major mediator of estradiol effects in bone. No response of bone to estradiol was detected in orchidectomized ERα–/– mice, suggesting estradiol cannot protect bone mass via the AR in vivo. In contrast to female ERαβ–/– and male ERα–/– mice, female ERα–/– mice were partially protected against ovariectomy-induced bone loss by estradiol, confirming that ERβ mediates estradiol effects in bone, but only in females and with a lower efficacy than ERα. We conclude that ERα is the main effector of estradiol's protective function in bone in both male and female mice, and that, in its absence, AR is not sufficient to mediate this response.
Use of a Multistrain Assay Could Improve the NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay
Authors: Michael F. W. Festing
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

There are often large strain differences in the response of laboratory animals to toxic chemicals and carcinogens, with some strains being totally resistant to dose levels that cause acute toxicity and/or cancer in other strains. The current National Toxicology Program carcinogenesis bioassay (NTP-CB) uses only a single isogenic strain of mice and rats and may therefore miss some carcinogens. New short-term tests to predict mutagenesis and possible carcinogenesis are validated using data from the NTP-CB. If the animal data are inaccurate, it may hinder this validation. The accuracy of the NTP-CB could be improved by using two or more strains of each species without increasing the total number of animals. It would be possible to continue to use sample sizes of 48-50 animals, but subdivide these into groups of 12 animals of 4 different strains (48 animals total) per dose/sex group, for example, instead of 48 identical animals. This would quadruple the number of genotypes without any substantial increase in cost. Such a multistrain "factorial" design would, on average, be statistically more powerful then the present design and should increase the chance of detecting carcinogens that currently may give equivocal results or go undetected because the test animal strains happen to be specifically resistant. When strains differ in response, studies of differences in metabolism, pharmacokinetics, DNA damage/repair, cellular responses, and in some cases identification of genetic loci governing sensitivity may provide biological information on toxic mechanisms that would help in assessing human risk and setting permissible exposure limits. The NTP may have made the world a safer place for F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Issue Highlights
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Early studies that examined the relationship between gender and mortality rates in patients with acute myocardial infarction found that women tend to have significantly higher in-hospital mortality rates as compared with men.This finding has been attributed to older age at time of presentation, smaller body habitus, and greater prevalence of comorbid disease states among women, suggesting that women have higher-risk clinical characteristics compared to men.Furthermore, some studies have suggested that revascularization procedures are used less frequently in women compared with men.At present, the relative contribution of each of these factors to elevated mortality rates in women with acute myocardial infarction remains unclear.In this issue of Circulation, Milcent et al investigated these factors using a national database in France, which includes data from 74 389 patients hospitalized with an acute myocardial infarction.The present study suggests that after adjustment for age, women have higher mortality and lower use of revascularization procedures compared with men.See p 833 (editorial p 823).
The propaganda for Reform
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician education and cost containment
Authors: S. B. Soumerai
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The conclusion by Schroeder et al<sup>1</sup>in their recent article that "in the absence of other cost containing incentives, physician education alone is not an effective hospital cost containment strategy" seems overstated on the basis of their negative findings from a single nonrandomized study. In the prescribing area, for example, our recent randomized controlled trial (n=435 physicians) of targeted, one-on-one educational "detailing" resulted in substantial savings and reductions in unnecessary drug use in the Medicaid sector alone.<sup>2</sup>These effects occurred in the absence of either financial incentives or data feedback. We are now completing a formal benefit-cost analysis of these findings, which indicates that with suitable targeting of high-cost physicians, program savings far exceed program costs. Schaffner et al<sup>3</sup>have similarly shown success in improving the precision and cost-effectiveness of physicians' clinical decision making. In a broader context, the review of 247 continuing medical
An African Holiday.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MISINTERPRETATION OF "NEEDS" FOR MEDICAL CARE
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pharmacogenetics of Outcome in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.
Authors: Jose Claudio Rocha, Cheng Cheng, Wei Liu, Shinji Kishi, Soma Das, Edwin H. Cook, John T. Sandlund, Jeffrey Rubnitz, Raul C. Ribeiro, Ching-Hon Pui, William E. Evans, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Blood (2004)
Liver transplantation for jejunoileal bypass-associated cirrhosis: Allograft histology in the setting of an intact bypassed limb SM D'Souza-Gburek, KP Batts, GA Nikias, RH Wiesner, RAF Krom. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
Journal: Hepatology (1995)
Epidemic Cerebro=spinal Meningitis, and Its Relations to Other Forms of Meningitis.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PWE-294 Microparticle dependent procoagulant activity and thrombin generation is increased in patients with cirrhosis induced coagulopathy
Authors: V Jairath, P Harrison, S Stanworth, J Collier, M Murphy, E Barnes
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Recent data suggests stable cirrhotics may have a hypercoagulable phenotype. Microparticles (MPs) are submicron plasma particles formed by the exocytic budding of cell membranes and play an important role in haemostasis due to phosphatidylserine (PS) surface expression which provides a phospholipid surface for assembly of coagulation enzymes and/or the expression of tissue factor (TF), the primary initiator of coagulation. To determine whether MPs may contribute to this hypercoagulable phenotype, we assessed microparticle associated functional procoagulant and phenotypic characteristics in cirrhotics. <h3>Methods</h3> 72 consecutive cirrhotics and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited. Platelet free plasma (PFP) was prepared by two centrifugations and MP-free plasma (MP-FP) by filtration of PFP through a 200 nm microparticle filtration unit. Microparticle (MP) associated procoagulant activity (PCA) was measured using the STA Procoag PPL (phospholipid) assay (Stago Diagnostics) and MP associated thrombin generation (TG) measured using the calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT). For the CAT assay TG was initiated by adding CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 1 pM tissue factor, but no phospholipid (PRP reagent), therefore TG was dependent upon phospholipid present in the sample. Flow cytometry (LSRII) was used to determine MP size, number and cellular origin using marker specific antibodies. <h3>Results</h3> PFP from cirrhotics generated significantly more thrombin than healthy volunteers reflected in the ETP (1374.3 vs 1142.6 nM/min, p=0.04), the peak (101.0 vs 66.5 nM, p=0.001) and a shorter time to peak (13.0 vs 14.2 min, p=0.03). Similarly, MP associated PCA was significantly increased in cirrhotics (65.9±13.2 s), compared to healthy volunteers (74.6±13.9 s, p=0.005). Following filtration of MPs &gt;200 nM in size, there was a large reduction in ETP and peak in both cirrhotics and healthy volunteers, with prolongation of both the time to peak and PPL time. There was significant inverse correlation between the PPL assay and parameters of the TG test [ETP (r=−0.57, p&lt;0.001), Peak (r=−0.43, p&lt;0.001)]. Cirrhotic patients had high levels of Annexin V binding PS positive MPs compared to controls (1412 vs 279 per u/l, p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Microparticle dependent procoagulant activity and thrombin generating capacity is increased in plasma from cirrhotics. High levels of annexin-V positive procoagulant MPs are a likely key and previously undescribed mechanism contributing to the hypercoaguable phenotype observed in cirrhotics. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
NIH Consensus Conference on Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: Are Reforms Necessary?-Reply
Authors: Saran Kaiser
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We regret that Drs Jacoby and Scott thought we were skirting controversy in the NIH Consensus Conference on laparoscopic cholecystectomy. These conferences are based on specific questions posed by a planning committee to address controversies for which there are data to form unbiased, scientifically based recommendations. The issue of certification and training was not one of these questions. Prescribing training guidelines has been, and remains, inappropriate for NIH consensus conferences. Comments about training were invited, and Charles K. McSherry, MD, experienced in laparoscopic training, provided useful information. Learning laparoscopic cholecystectomy depends on the skills and aptitudes of the trainee surgeon; no definitive number of procedures determines when a surgeon is qualified. From the panel's statement: "[I]t is imperative that detailed guidelines be established for surgeon training, determination of competence, certification, and continuous monitoring of quality." The panel did not try to dictate whether the common bile duct should
Erratum: Vol. 65, Nos. 50 & 51
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In the report "Increases in Drug and Opioid-Involved Overdose Deaths - United States, 2010-2015" in both "TABLE 1. Number and age-adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths* involving natural and semisynthetic opioids† and methadone,§,¶ by sex, age group, race/ethnicity,** U.S. Census region, and selected states†† - United States, 2014 and 2015," and in "TABLE 2. Number and age-adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths* involving synthetic opioids other than methadone† and heroin,§,¶ by sex, age group, race/ethnicity,** U.S. Census region, and selected states†† - United States, 2014 and 2015," the seventh footnote (§§) should have read as follows: "Statistically significant at p<0.05 level. Nonoverlapping confidence intervals based on the gamma method were used if the number of deaths was <100 in 2014 or 2015, and z-tests were used if the number of deaths was ≥100 in both 2014 and 2015."
Thioridazine Agranulocytosis
Authors: David S. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1967)

OVER 50 million people have been treated with the phenothiazine drugs.<sup>1</sup>Among the toxic side effects to phenothiazines which have now been described are colestatic jaundice, dermatitis, extrapyramidal reactions, and granulocytic suppression. Agranulocytosis, first reported in 1954,<sup>2</sup>is uncommon but may be fatal. Thioridazine hydrochloride (Mellaril), a phenothiazine derivative introduced in 1959, has, to our knowledge, been implicated in four cases of agranulocytosis.<sup>3,4</sup>This report describes a patient in whom agranulocytosis developed during treatment with thioridazine and who recovered after withdrawal of the drug. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 73-year-old woman (BIH, M185517) was admitted to the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, in August 1965 with fever and somnolence of one day's duration. She had been in good health except for gradual deterioration of her mental status over the previous several years. In June 1965, she developed hallucinations and paranoid ideation and a diagnosis of cerebral arteriosclerosis was
Health manpower development and rural services
Authors: D. A. Fenderson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Last year at the 25th National Conference in San Francisco, Dr. Merlin K. DuVal, then Assistant Secretary for Health and Scientific Affairs, concluded his report by saying that "solutions to rural health problems can be found. In turn, government will do its part."<sup>1</sup> Recent federal priority and budget shifts, however, suggest a prior question and answer. Government—who? The government is you. You recall the oft-quoted statement in Kennedy's 1961 Inaugural Address: "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country." Our country is vast: it was not clear to many just how that noble purpose could be put into practice. The new federalism makes the idea much clearer—"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask rather what you can do for yourself." Laws are not intrinsically good; they represent the breakdown of community and social process and indicate the
Let the experiment be fairly made
Authors: M. H. Witte
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In 1869, Edward Clarke, MD, professor of materia medica at Harvard, publicly denounced male medical students in Philadelphia for chasing women out of the classroom with tobacco quid and tinfoil and pleaded that aspiring women be given the chance free of harrassment to prove their worth in medicine: "Let the experiment be fairly made and in 50 years we will get the answer."<sup>1</sup> Reluctantly set into motion more than a century ago and involving generations of eager research subjects (female medical students) who followed the protocol unswervingly, the experiment has produced little in the way of hard scientific data. The discovery that gender does not influence performance in a general medicine clerkship at the University of Kansas, as reported by Holmes et al in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2259), is in keeping with earlier studies demonstrating that men and women score equivalently on parts 1 and 2
Glycohemoglobins and glucose tolerance
Authors: A. Lev-Ran
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Glycohemoglobin (GHb) levels were assayed after chromatography on weakly acidic acrylic cationite columns in 167 patients undergoing glucose tolerance test (GTT) and in 105 known diabetics. In 95% of patients with normal GTT levels, the GHb level was in the range of 6.8% to 9.8%. The GHb level was normal in patients with latent diabetes. Glycohemoglobin levels were elevated in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Even in patients with normal GTT results, GHb levels correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance values. In patients with abnormal GTT results or diabetes but not receiving insulin therapy, the correlation between GHb levels and fasting plasma glucose values was significant. The GHb level that distinguished between latent and overt diabetes correlated strongly with the values of fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance and reflected changes in the control of diabetes. (<i>JAMA</i>241:912-914, 1979)
Research findings of potential value to the practitioner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The GOULSTONIAN LECTURES on THEORIES of IMMUNITY and their CLINICAL APPLICATION: Delivered at the Royal College of Physicians, London
Authors: A. S. Grunbaum
Journal: BMJ (1903)

I 1 L ., ,£3The "point of the jaw hit" is a horrid lhead-j erking aff&ir, compared with which a flush hit on the nose, witlh all its concomitant stars and stripes, is a mere fleabite.Even a moderate infliction of this terrible hit is sufficiently punishing to make one feel uncertain whetber you are twistiDg round the surroundings, or the surroundings are twisting round you, or whether both are not waltzing away together; but a severe visita- tion, if it does not break the jaw, is likely to produce an absence of interest in subsequent proceedings, or a complete forgetfulness of all immediate and pressing engagements.This blow is practically never fatal, an after examination of the man shows the heart'a action to be excited only in due ratio to the condition of the exertion, pulse regular and of good quality, respiration the same; there is neither contraction nor dilatation of the pupils, no squinting, no severe head- ache, no clammy sweat, no cold extremities, and no ashy colour of the face; in fact, none of the usual signs associated with ordinary shock or concussion.The following degrees of severity may be noted according to the force and accuracy of the blow: (i) Giddiness and visual disturbance, with loss of equilibrium; the man falls to the ground.is able to recover almost instantly, and resume hos- t,ilities little the worse.(2) Unconsciousness, several seconds elapsing before he is able to rise; then he is shaky, uncertain in his movements; he has no recollection of the blow, and evinces surprise and indefiniteness about his position.(3) Complete loss of consciousness, prolonged for several minutes or hours, which is not followed by perfect recovery, the man being left dull and apathetic, never to gain his old nerve and courage.Equilibrium and the semicircular canals of the ears.That