tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infection associated with consumption of raw shell eggs--United States, 1994-1995
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) accounts for an increasing proportion of all Salmonella serotypes reported to CDC's National Salmonella Surveillance System. During 1976-1994, the proportion of reported Salmonella isolates that were SE increased from 5% to 26%. During 1985-1995, state and territorial health departments reported 582 SE outbreaks, which accounted for 24058 cases of illness, 2290 hospitalizations, and 70 deaths. This report describes four SE outbreaks during 1994-1995 associated with consumption of raw shell eggs (i.e., unpasteurized eggs) and underscores that outbreaks of egg-associated SE infections remain a public health problem.
Regenerative changes in hepatic morphology and enhanced expression of CYP2B10 and CYP3A during daily administration of cocaine
Authors: P PELLINEN
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The effects of daily cocaine administration for up to 14 days were studied in terms of hepatic morphology and the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the mouse liver. Daily intraperitoneal doses of 60 mg/kg of cocaine for 3 days induced severe hepatocellular necrosis in the pericentral zone and decreased activities of CYP1A2, CYP2A4/5, and CYP2Cx. The microsomal CYP2B10 protein content was increased by about 2.5-fold, but 2B10-dependent 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity was barely detectable. Five or seven daily cocaine doses caused prominent pericentral inflammation and a significant (up to 14-fold) increase in the microsomal protein content and PROD activity. An increase in microsomal CYP3A was also evident, but CYP2A5 and CYP1A2 still remained at a low level. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the relative induction of CYP2B10 and CYP3A after treatment with cocaine was strongest in perivenous hepatocytes. Immunoinhibition experiments showed that CYP2B10 accounted for catalysis of only 15% to 20% of the enhanced microsomal cocaine N-demethylase (CNDM) activity, which correlated well with immunoreactive 3A protein, and could be blocked 70% to 90% by triacetyloleandomycin. After 10 or 14 daily doses of cocaine, regenerative changes with hepatocyte ballooning were observed, coinciding with increases in CYP1A2, CYP2A4/5, and CYP3A. These results suggest the following: (1) cocaine enhances its own cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism; (2) increased production of norcocaine in microsomes is catalyzed mainly by CYP3A enzyme(s), whereas 2B10, although markedly increased by cocaine treatment, has only a minor role in cocaine hepatotoxicity; and (3) despite increased microsomal CNDM activity, cocaine-induced liver injury is reversible in mice. (Hepatology 1996 Mar;23(3):515-23)
Leading Cases
Authors: —Bruce Nortell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

EVERY week there are many court decisions that have an impact on the practice of medicine. These decisions are currently reported, in summary, in<i>The Citation</i>, a newsletter published twice a month by the Office of the General Counsel, American Medical Association. Some of these decisions are of such special importance that they deserve the wider publicity that can be obtained through the pages ofThe Journal. Trial court decisions, which are of little precedent value and are subject to reversal, are omitted. Selected decisions are usually restricted to those of the highest state or federal court. It should be remembered, however, that a decision by a court in one state is not necessarily binding elsewhere. <h3>The National Standard of Care</h3> The degree of skill or care that is legally required of a physician in Wisconsin is no longer limited to that exercised by physicians in the same or similar
Inadvertent misconnection of medical tubing: protective incompatibility
Authors: L. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent CASE REPORT, Sperry and Smialek<sup>1</sup>emphasized the importance of thorough investigation of device-related hospital incidents to identify their causes and prevent recurrence. The particular incident they investigated and solved concerned the inadvertent misconnection of an enteral feeding supply line to the inflation port of a tracheostomy cuff. This fatal incident was not unprecedented. Four years earlier, Priem et al<sup>2</sup>reported a remarkably similar incident in which the same devices had been confused and misconnected. Several months ago, the Emergency Care Research Institute<sup>3</sup>published details of another such incident and made a number of important recommendations to prevent recurrence. The publication of three separate fatal misconnections of these widely used devices leads us to suspect a much larger incidence of this misadventure. Furthermore, at least three additional related incidents have been documented.<sup>4,5</sup> Many of the causes for these incidents are now
Nonunion of the shafts of the long bones. A review and analysis of 140 cases
Authors: J. L. ZumBrunnen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A survey and an analysis of 140 nonunions of the shafts of long bones revealed that 104 (85%) of 123 surgically treated bones united when these four conditions were met: (1) accurate apposition of fragments, (2) adequate immobilization, (3) healthy soft tissue with sufficient blood supply surrounding the site of nonunion, and (4) stimulation of osteogenesis. Factors such as the type and extent of the original injury and initial treatment profoundly influenced the outcome of the nonunited fractures, but ultimate union depended upon restoration of the natural mechanisms of bone repair.
Remarks on Intestinal Obstruction: With Special Reference to Diagnosis
Authors: G. H. B. Macleod
Journal: BMJ (1876)

In 9.As regards growths wuithinh the bowel causing obstruction, I had a in my possession a malignant one, about the size of a small orange, fV which, growing from the walls of the duodenum in a well-known medi-h cal man of this city, finally occasioned closure of the bowel and death.b Violent and persistent retching was for long a symptom from which he c suffered; but the true cause of his symptoms was not discovered till after death, though it was suspected that he had malignant disease of the pylorus.He had for years suffered violent pain at times, which he referred to the exact seat of the growth ; but, large as the mass was, its existence had not been clearly made out.Another practitioner, known to many of my audience, also suffered from serious, though not com- plete, obstruction before death, from what I believed to be a malignant growth in the ascending colon, but its exact nature was not verified by post mortem examination.to.Paraly0tsis of the bowaftel after0/era/ion for strangulated hernia,
"IMPACT OF SMOKE-FREE WORKPLACE LEGISLATION ON EXPOSURES AND HEALTH: POSSIBILITIES FOR PREVENTION." M.S. JAAKKOLA AND J.J.K. JAAKKOLA. EUR RESPIR J 2006; 28: 397-408.
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Unfortunately, the legend of figure 1 was printed incorrectly.The figure legend should read as follows: Photographs displaying some of the staples the patient expelled.a) The third staple expelled.b) The expelled four linked, closed staples.Scale bars50.2mm (a) and 500 mm (b).
The relationship of treatment adherence to the risk of death after myocardial infarction in women
Authors: E. J. Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine the relationship between adherence to a medical regimen and mortality following a myocardial infarction in women. <h3>Design.</h3> —Analysis of the female cohort entered into a randomized double-blind multicenter trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute β-Blocker Heart Attack Trial. <h3>Participants.</h3> —The 602 women, aged 30 to 69 years, enrolled in the β-Blocker Heart Attack Trial. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Random assignment to propranolol hydrochloride or placebo 5 to 21 days following a myocardial infarction. <h3>Measurements.</h3> —Adherence for each patient was calculated as the mean of all quarterly adherence estimates during the course of the trial (median follow-up, 26 months). Adherence was classified as good (taking ≥75% of medication) or poor (taking &lt;75% of medication). The end point was death from all causes occurring at any time during the trial, adjusted for treatment category and other clinical and sociodemographic features. <h3>Results.</h3> —Adherence data were available on 505 women, of whom 32 (6.3%) died. Death occurred in 13.6% of poor adherers compared with 5.6% of good adherers (relative risk, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 5.6). The effect of adherence on mortality remained undiminished after adjustment for treatment category (propranolol or placebo), age, severity of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, smoking history, marital status, educational level, and race (adjusted relative risk of death for poor adherers, 2.5 to 3.0;<i>P</i>≤.02). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The independent effect of adherence on mortality following a myocardial infarction in women is clinically substantial, statistically significant, and similar in magnitude to that reported earlier for men. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:742-744)
Explaining Brain Injury
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
NCCN NewsImproving the Utility of Value Tools in Cancer Care for PatientsUpdated Patient Resources Now Available for Lung Cancer Screening
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2016)

Improving the Utility of Value Tools in Cancer Care for PatientsAcross the oncology field, there is mounting pressure to improve quality and define value of cancer care from a patient perspective.This need to define value is recognized by key stakeholders in oncology, a variety of whom have begun to develop value tools and calculators to determine the most valuable treatment options.Intended for use in the shared decision-making process, these tools must reflect the most accurate and timely treatment options and evaluate value based on individual patients' needs and preferences.Therefore, it is imperative that these tools not only provide information to help patients make decisions regarding their cancer care, but that they do so in a way that is easily attainable and understandable for patients.Despite current innovative tools and initiatives around value, there still exists a significant need for additional patient-centered value tools.On Friday, December 9, 2016, NCCN, as part of its Oncology Policy Program, convened its annual Patient Advocacy Summit at the National Press Club in Washington, DC.This year's summit, Value Tools for Patients in Cancer Care, highlighted the findings and recommendations of NCCN's multi-stakeholder Value Tools for Patients in Cancer Care Working Group, which included patients, patient advocates, clinicians, social workers, and financial planners.The summit brought together these stakeholder groups, as well as payers, industry, and government representatives, to explore how patients define value in cancer care; and discuss the gaps, needs, and utility of value tools for patients.Moderated by
Multiarticular sporotrichosis
Authors: B. Molstad
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SPOROTRICHOSIS is an uncommon infection caused by a dimorphic fungus that typically produces a granulomatous skin ulcer followed by regional lymphadenopathy. Sporotrichosis presenting as arthritis without skin involvement is rare; only a few dozen cases have been reported.<sup>1-3</sup>Most often, only one joint is involved and a history of trauma usually precedes the onset of arthritis. Multiarticular sporotrichosis occurs mostly in persons whose bodily defenses are compromised by immunosuppression or malignant neoplasms.<sup>1</sup>Lacking the characteristic skin findings, the disease is easily misdiagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculous arthritis, or sarcoidosis, even after biopsy. Fortunately, fungal cultures clinch the correct diagnosis. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 34-year-old male alcoholic first came to us in May 1975 with a large, painful, suprapatellar effusion of the right knee. He also had a cyst of the left wrist and a psoriasiform rash of both legs. A biopsy specimen of the wrist cyst was
Informed consent
Authors: J. M. Sorenson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr LeMaitre's letter is of value in drawing the attention of the profession to the use of walking and postexercise measurements of the ankle pressures in the assessment of patients with leg pain, which may or may not be due to arterial obstruction. Most physicians would agree with his general approach and the statement that one should not submit a patient to angiography, nor carry out surgery unless the claudication is disabling. Certain points are worth considering in relation to his protocol. The use of walking and measurement of ankle pressures has been well documented1 and is of particular value in the differential diagnosis of pseudoclaudication, which may be due to spinal or musculoskeletal disorders, and in patients in whom arterial obstruction may coexist. In the latter cases careful history is of paramount importance. Since patients with peripheral vascular disease often have an overt or subclinical
Progression and impact of the first winter wave of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: None New South Wales public health network
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

A range of surveillance systems were used to assess the progression and impact of the first wave of pandemic H1N1 influenza in New South Wales, Australia during the southern hemisphere winter. Surveillance methods included laboratory notifications, near real-time emergency department syndromic surveillance, ambulance despatch surveillance, death certificate surveillance and purpose-built web-based data systems to capture influenza clinic and intensive care unit activity. The epidemic lasted 10 weeks. By 31 August 2009, 1,214 people with pandemic H1N1 influenza infection were hospitalised (17.2 per 100,000 population), 225 were admitted to intensive care (3.2 per 100,000), and 48 died (0.7 per 100,000). Children aged 0-4 years had the highest hospitalisation rates, while adults aged 50-54 had the highest rates of intensive care admission. During the epidemic period, overall presentations to emergency departments were 6% higher than in 2008, while presentations for influenza-like illness were 736% higher. At the peak, confirmed cases of pandemic H1N1 influenza consumed 15% of intensive care capacity. Excess mortality from influenza and pneumonia was lower than in recent influenza seasons. Health services, particularly emergency departments and intensive care units, were substantially affected by the epidemic. Mortality from influenza was comparable with previous seasons.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Airborne Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki during an Aerial Spray Program for Gypsy Moth Eradication
Authors: Kay Teschke, Yat Chow, Karen Bartlett, Andrew Ross, Chris van Netten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

We measured airborne exposures to the biological insecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) during an aerial spray program to eradicate gypsy moths on the west coast of Canada. We aimed to determine whether staying indoors during spraying reduced exposures, to determine the rate of temporal decay of airborne concentrations, and to determine whether drift occurred outside the spray zone. During spraying, the average culturable airborne Btk concentration measured outdoors within the spray zone was 739 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 of air. Outdoor air concentrations decreased over time, quickly in an initial phase with a half time of 3.3 hr, and then more slowly over the following 9 days, with an overall half-time of about 2.4 days. Inside residences during spraying, average concentrations were initially 2-5 times lower than outdoors, but at 5-6 hr after spraying began, indoor concentrations exceeded those outdoors, with an average of 244 CFU/m3 vs. 77 CFU/m3 outdoors, suggesting that the initial benefits of remaining indoors during spraying may not persist as outside air moves indoors with normal daily activities. There was drift of culturable Btk throughout a 125- to 1,000-meter band outside the spray zone where measurements were made, a consequence of the fine aerosol sizes that remained airborne (count median diameters of 4.3 to 7.2 microm). Btk concentrations outside the spray zone were related to wind speed and direction, but not to distance from the spray zone.
Exposure to Halogenated Hydrocarbons in the Indoor Environment
Authors: Kenneth Bridbord, Paul E. Brubaker, Bruce Gay, Jean G. French
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The indoor environment has frequently been ignored as a significant source of exposure to air pollutants. To date there are a number of documented examples of levels of indoor air pollutants greatly exceeding those levels which commonly occur in the outdoor environment. Among these instances are airborne buildup of polynuclear aromatics and cadmium from cigarette smoke, lead from burning candles, and vinyl chloride from use of aerosols containing this substance as a propellant. These examples suggest that there may be additional sources of indoor air pollutants, particularly halogenated hydrocarbons from aerosol products, which have heretofore not been generally recognized as important. The present paper endeavors to review those instances where halogenated hydrocarbons in the indoor air environment may build up to concentrations of potential public health concern. These considerations may be especially relevant in future years as increasing efforts are being made to insulate buildings more efficiently as a means to conserve energy. The available data strongly suggest that halogenated hydrocarbons are an important class of air pollutants in the indoor environment and that their presence in the outdoor environment should also be carefully examined. In this regard, halogenated hydrocarbons in the outdoor environment may also contaminate indoor air spaces.
Targeting Hispanic Populations: Future Research and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Amelie G. Ramirez, Alfred McAlister, Kipling J. Gallion, Roberto Villarreal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Minority populations face a wide variety of economic, institutional, and cultural barriers to health care.These barriers and low levels of education and income pose significant challenges for health professionals in developing cancer research and prevention-control strategies.It is suggested that specific segments of Hispanic populations fit the model of an underdeveloped country in the intermediate stage of epidemiological transition.Since noncommunicable diseases have not yet fully emerged in some of these Hispanic population segments, the opportunity exists to apply primordial prevention strategies.Such campaigns would focus on dissuading members of these populations from adopting negative health behaviors while promoting positive lifestyle choices.Optimal programs would increase cancer screening participation and discourage risk behaviors through community-oriented, population-based interventions.Future directions in prevention and control efforts for minority populations should include expanded health insurance coverage, improved access to health care, greater emphasis on minority recruitment in health care fields, focused epidemiologic and clinical research, and identification and replication of effective components within existing prevention-control programs.
Crossing 'threshold' of hepatitis B control awaits greater vaccine use
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A multistate outbreak of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica transmitted by pasteurized milk
Authors: C. O. Tacket
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In June and July 1982, a large interstate outbreak of<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i>infections caused by an unusual serotype occurred in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Eighty-six percent of cases had enteritis characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In three separate case-control studies, drinking milk pasteurized by plant A was statistically associated with illness. In a survey of randomly chosen households, 8.3% of persons who recalled having drunk milk from plant A during the suspect period experienced a yersiniosislike illness. Inspection of the plant and cultures of the available raw and pasteurized milk did not reveal the source or mechanism of contamination or a breach in normal pasteurizing technique. Although outbreaks of enteric disease caused by pasteurized milk are rare in the United States, the ability of<i>Y enterocolitica</i>to grow in milk at refrigeration temperatures makes pasteurized milk a possible vehicle for virulent<i>Y enterocolitica</i>. The extent to which milk is responsible for sporadic cases of yersiniosis is unknown. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:483-486)