tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chromium and Disease: Review of Epidemiologic Studies with Particular Reference to Etiologic Information Provided by Measures of Exposure
Authors: Peter S. J. Lees
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Dozens of epidemiologic studies have been conducted since the late 1940s in an attempt to elucidate the relationship between exposure to chromium compounds and increased rates of certain cancers observed in several industries. The relationship between employment in industries producing chromium compounds from chromite ore and lung cancer has been well established in numerous studies. The relationship between exposure to certain chromium-based pigments and chromic acid and lung cancer, although not as strong, is fairly well accepted. The data concerning emissions from stainless-steel manufacturing and disease are contradictory. Although individual studies have indicated excesses of gastrointestinal and occasionally other cancers in these industries, results are not consistent and not universally accepted. There is general agreement that chromite ore does not have an associated risk of cancer. Although the chromium compound (or compounds) responsible for disease have yet to be identified, there is general agreement that hexavalent species are responsible for these diseases and that the trivalent species are not. Hypotheses about the carcinogenicity of specific chromium compounds generally relate to their solubility in body fluids. These hypotheses, however, have generally been produced as a result of toxicologic, not epidemiologic, investigation. Well-designed epidemiologic studies incorporating detailed assessments of worker exposures have the potential to help elucidate causality, identify specific carcinogenic compounds, and quantify risk in humans, eliminating the need to extrapolate from animal data. Although the need for exposure data crucial to this effort was identified in the earliest epidemiologic studies of chromium, such studies have not been conducted. As a result, little more is known today about the relationship between this chemical and disease in humans than was known 40 years ago.
Book Review Pediatric Endocrinology, Volume 1: Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistance, and Hypoglycemia Fifth edition. Edited by Fima Lifshitz. 1297 pp., in two volumes, illustrated. New York, Informa Healthcare, 2007. $349.95. 978-1-4200-4271-9 (Vol. 1 ISBN, 978-0-8493-4068-0; Vol. 2 ISBN, 978-1-4200-4270-2.) Pediatric Endocrinology, Volume 2: Growth, Adrenal, Sexual, Thyroid, Calcium, and Fluid Balance Disorders Pediatric Endocrinology, Volume 2: Growth, Adrenal, Sexual, Thyroid, …
Authors: Scott A. Rivkees
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, June 1 to July 1, 1967
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1967)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, June 1 to July 1, 1967 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 39, Issue 2, August 1967, Page 373, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/39.2.373 Published: 01 August 1967
Routine Use of I132 in Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estimation of the Time Component in the Movement of Chemicals in Contaminated Groundwater
Authors: Stan C. Freni, Donald L. Phillips
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

For a proper analysis of the potentially causal relationship between exposure to volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) in drinking water and health events, it is essential to know T1, the time when exposure started, and C = f(T), which is the change of the VOC concentration C as a function of time T and the total accumulated exposure (TAE) to VOCs to which an individual was exposed. In the typical situation of incidentally detected pollution of groundwater, no such information is available. This paper describes the development of a method for estimating T1, C = f(T), and TAE as part of an epidemiologic study of the health effects of VOC contamination of an aquifer serving public and private wells. Pooled test results of city wells, tested periodically since 1981, provided the data base for developing a statistical model for estimating C = f(T). This model was then applied to private wells, for which the data of only one water sample were available, to retrospectively estimate their T1. The best-fitting model was a multiple linear regression equation consisting of the natural logarithm of the VOC concentration as the response variable, with the time of sampling, the distance of the wells from the source (expressed as coordinates), the well depth, and the well capacity as determinants. The TAE was calculated by integrating the area under the time-concentration curve.
Reply
Authors: D Westaby, R Peters
Journal: Gut (1993)

ment in only eight patients (2%).Three have already died within 6 months, of unrelated causes, and five remain well, so far.We strive not to leave stents in on a permanent basis, believing that most patients can be managed effectively by expert endo- scopy, radiology, and surgery, including adjuvant techniques such as shock wave lithotripsy.Stenting is useful for a few weeks or months during which the patient's health and options can be reviewed.The King's group are rightly cautious in their recommendations.Stentinghas not yet been shown to be a good permanent method for managing difficult stones, and should be used very sparingly.
Randomized phase IIb trial comparing two schedules of docetaxel (D) plus estramustine (E) for metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC)
Authors: R. Birch, L. Kalman, L. Holt, B. Graham, B. Wheeler, L. Schwartzberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

4622 Background: Combination chemotherapy with D + E is an active treatment for HRPC. However, the optimal schedule of these agents is not well established. Since many patients have comorbid conditions which can increase toxicity from these drugs, use of weekly schedules may be preferable. Methods: Between 8/98 and 6/03, we randomized 62 chemotherapy naive HRPC patients to E 280 mg/m2 day 1–5 and day 22–26 PO with D 36 mg/m2 IV day 2, 9, 16, 23, 30, 37 q 8 wks (arm A) or E 280 mg/m2 day 1–5 PO with D, 70 mg/m2 IV day 2 q 3 weeks (arm B). Dexamethasone 16 mg IV was given as premed with D without routine oral steroids. Endpoints were PSA response rate (RR), clinical RR, Grade 3/4 hematologic and nonhematologic toxicity, dose delivery, TTP, and OS. Results: Baseline characteristics were well balanced between arms A/B as follows: Median age 72/71.5, median PSA 99.9/110.3, ECOG 1/1. Median follow up is 33.4 months. PSA RR, defined as >50% reduction sustained for ≥4 weeks, was seen in 11/21 evaluable patients (52%) in arm A and 19/29 evaluable patients (66%) in arm B, p=0.35. The median overall survival was 16.4 months in arm A vs.13.2 months in arm B, p=0.42. Hematologic toxicity differed between arms. Grade 3/4 ANC toxicity was observed and G-CSF required for 4% of patients on arm A versus 40% of patients on arm B (p=0.0022). Median ANC nadir was 2.27 x 109/L (± 1.3) in arm A vs. 1.55 x 109/L mm (± 2.8) in arm B. Median nadir platelet count was 180 x 103 in arm A vs.167 x 103 in arm B and median nadir hemoglobin was 10.0 gm/dl in arm A vs.10.3 in arm B. Grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicity was similar in both arms. Overall, 30% arm A vs.27% arm B had grade 3/4 toxicity (p=0.81), with neuropathy, nausea and vomiting and edema being most common. There were no deaths attributable to study drugs. The median number of 8 week cycles delivered on arm A was 3 (range 1–6) and a median of 5 (range 1–12) 3 week cycles were administered on Arm B. Dose was delayed or reduced in 48% of patients on arm A and 37% of patients on Arm B (p=0.38). Conclusions: Both weekly and every-three-week D+E have substantial activity in HRPC. The therapeutic index of weekly D+E is better with less hematologic toxicity. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Aventis
Dietary Carotenes, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E as Protective Antioxidants in Human Cancers
Authors: T Byers
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (1992)

The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved ...Read More
Serum 2-Hydroxyglutarate Levels Predict Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutations and Clinical Outcome in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Authors: Courtney D. DiNardo, Ross L. Levine, Kathleen J Propert, Alison W. Loren, Elisabeth Paietta, Zhouxin Sun, Kimberly Straley, Katharine Yen, Jay P. Patel, Samuel Agresta, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Alexander E Perl, Hugo F Fernandez, David Margolis, Martin S. Tallman, Selina M. Luger, Martin Carroll
Journal: Blood (2012)
Bureau of Legal Medicine and Legislation
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Donor availability as the primary determinant of the future of heart transplantation
Authors: R. W. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Heart transplantation has now achieved a therapeutic status similar to that of cadaveric renal transplantation. Depending on patient selection criteria, it is estimated that as many as 15,000 people per year could conceivably benefit from a heart transplant, but the actual number of persons who will benefit is severely constrained by donor supply. Availability of heart donors was estimated based on data obtained on 1,955 organ donors in the United States. The results show that because of age and other contraindications, only 400 to 1,100 viable donor hearts may be available each year. Donor supply is the most critical determinant of the future of heart transplantation since it will dictate the number of transplants performed, the survival of transplant recipients, the total program expenditures associated with heart transplantation, the nature of the legal and ethical issues involved, the number of cardiac transplant programs required to make optimal use of the available donor hearts, and the future role of mechanical circulatory support systems. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1892-1898)
Early signs of alcoholism
Authors: C. N. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1977)

"WHAT IS an alcoholic? I'll tell you: anyone who drinks more than I do." It is almost as difficult to define alcoholism as it is to treat it. Joking aside, it is most difficult to identify the early alcoholic, the person whose drinking is destructive of health, emotion, competence, and his human relationships. If alcoholism is identified early, much destruction can be prevented. Alcoholism is insidious. An alcohol user gradually becomes an alcohol misuser who gradually becomes an alcoholic. The speed of progression varies. There are teenage alcoholics, and there are alcoholics who do not land on the rocks until they are 80 years old. In most cases, however, the alcoholic is in difficulty ten years before he seeks or is forced to seek help because of severe illness. This illness does not develop abruptly. Even early alcohol abuse is destructive. During the prodromal years, the signs and symptoms of
Yawning-Reply
Authors: Ashley Montagu
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I am grateful to Dr. Kaufman for his comments. He is quite right. Since my paper on yawning was published I have learned from a number of correspondents, who very kindly wrote me, that yawning occurs under the following conditions, in addition to those I mentioned: anxiety, fear, nervous tension, sexual arousal, delayed inhibition, and singing. I hope to deal with the whole subject in great detail in the near future, when I shall take all these additional factors into consideration. Meanwhile, I shall be very glad to hear from other correspondents who may be able to throw some light on this interesting trait.
Error in Author Name
Authors: Joan Trujols, Maria Portella, Víctor Pérez
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Toward a Genuinely Patient-Centered Metric of Depression Recovery: One Step FurtherTo the Editor Although remission from major depressive disorder implies both symptom resolution and return to normal levels of functionality, it is usually merely assessed with symptomatic rating scales. 1 In line with other efforts of going beyond this prevailing, nearly exclusive focus on symptom resolution, Cohen and colleagues 2 have developed a more accurate, holistic, and patient-reported metric of recovery, which encompasses depressive symptom severity, functioning, and quality of life.Cohen and colleagues have elegantly demonstrated that the Individual Burden of Illness Index for Depression (IBI-D) 3 is a useful index in evaluating treatment efficacy and recovery in major depressive disorder. 2 However, in our opinion, the statement by Cohen and colleagues that their investigation "is in line with the latest emphasis on patient-reported outcomes" 2(p349) does not reflect the state of the art of research on patient-reported outcome measures.Nowadays, there is a wide and growing consensus that patient-reported outcome instruments should be developed with input from patients. 4,5 Therefore, patientcenteredness of the commonly used instruments is not necessarily guaranteed. 6 In fact, patient-reported outcome instruments can be similar to clinician-rated measures unless their development process incorporates patients' perspectives. 6 That is precisely the main limitation of the 3 selfreport measures on which the IBI-D is based (the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-report, the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, and the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form): they were developed without direct patient participation.A potential alternative to the current IBI-D is the Remission From Depression Questionnaire (RDQ), 7 which could become a genuinely patient-centered index of illness burden.The RDQ has been designed to assess those domains considered by depressed patients to be relevant in defining remission.In addition to the 3 facets captured by the IBI-D (ie, symptoms of depression, functioning, and quality of life), other domains prioritized by patients and assessed by the RDQ are additional symptoms often present in depressed patients such as anxiety and irritability, features of positive mental health, coping ability, and a general sense of well-being. 7Moreover, the use of only 1 instrument instead of 3 separate self-reports will substantially be less time-consuming for respondents.In fact, answering just the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-report takes a similar amount of time to completing the RDQ. 8 The use of genuinely patient-centered, patient-reported outcome instruments such as the RDQ will surely contribute to the development of a more accurate, patient-centered metric of depression recovery.
WILLIAM HUNTER (1718-1783) ANATOMIST, PHYSICIAN, OBSTETRICIAN
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acne: tetracyline or not?
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MEDICJH 63 or kneeling, ought to be tried, which, by an additional force, may help to push along the head and alter its direction when it does not advance in the right way.Nevertheless, the patient must by no means be too much fatigued."Could it be better said ?To-day if the patient is " too much fatigued " forceps application, preferably under local anaesthesia, is so safe in skilled hands as to make much of the discussion about position in the second stage of labour unprofitable.
A short course of I-arginine improves exercise capacity and endothelial function in chronic heart failure: A prospective, randomised, double blind trial Mohammed Yousufuddin, Marcus Flather, Waqar Shamim, Zaheer Yousef, Michael Marber, Mohammad Amrani, Nicholas Banner, Michael Kemp, James Hooper, Andew J. S. Coats. National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom, Kings College, London, United Kingdom
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Pediatric Neurology
Authors: Henry W. Baird
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This short text is brief, easy to read, and to the point. The emphasis throughout is consistent with the view that neurologic examination and special investigations must be made in the pediatric age group with knowledge that the findings are appropriate for age. For this reason the text will be most useful to physicians who are familiar with adult standards and who want to refresh their recollections quickly concerning similar symptoms of children. The sections on head trauma and headaches are particularly helpful. In comparison to other texts that are now available, it is less encyclopedic but easier to use than Ford's classic text (<i>Diseases of the Nervous System in Infancy, Childhood and Adolescence</i>) and more oriented to chronic care than the recently published text of Bray (<i>Neurology in Pediatrics</i>). Of interest to me were the sections devoted to abnormal growth, the diencephalic syndrome, and muscular hypotonia. In the chapter
Polarity therapy and cancer-related fatigue
Authors: J. A. Roscoe, S. E. Matteson, G. R. Morrow, A. Shelke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8147 Background: Cancer and its treatment produces fatigue in a majority of patients. Despite the very high prevalence of this problem, no effective treatments are available. Increasing numbers of cancer patients are turning to complementary and alternative medicine practices to find relief. We examined the efficacy of Polarity Therapy (PT), a massage-like intervention classified by NCCAM as an "energy therapy," in relieving fatigue in female breast cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. Methods: 15 Patients (mean age = 52.5) were randomly assigned to one of three trial groups. Arm 1 patients did not receive any (PT). Patients assigned to Arm 2 received a PT tx on a Tuesday during their 4th week of radiation treatment. Patients assigned to Arm 3 received PT on Tuesdays during \(\underline{\mathrm{both}}\) their 4th and 5th weeks of radiation treatment. Patients completed the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) during the 3rd through 5th weeks of radiation treatment. Each PT session lasted 60–75 minutes with the patient lying fully clothed on a massage table while the same experienced, licensed Polarity Therapist administered all PT treatments. Results: Change scores on the BFI from baseline showed a statistically significant improvement in fatigue in the 10 patients who had PT compared to the 5 patients who did not after the first week (mean change score: one PT tx = 1.0, SD = 1.46; no PT = −0.6, SD = .93; p = .05). Eight of the ten patients showed an improvement in fatigue following their first PT treatment, while only one of five patients in the control group had an improvement in fatigue during the same time frame. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) examining group differences the following week closely approached conventional levels of statistical significance (mean change score: two PT tx = 2.2, SD = 1.03; one PT tx = 1.6, SD = 1.10; no PT = 0.6, SD = .87; p = .08. A significant (p = .03) linear contrast suggested a possible dose effect. Conclusions: This pilot supports a confirmatory trial of Polarity Therapy for cancer- related fatigue. No significant financial relationships to disclose.