tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the activin receptor in cultured rat hepatocytes
Authors: Y Zhang
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Activin A is an autocrine inhibitor of initiation of DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes. The present study was conducted to characterize the cell-surface receptors for activin A in cultured rat hepatocytes by measuring 125I-activin A binding. Scatchard analysis of 125I-activin A binding indicated the existence of two classes of binding sites with apparent Kd values of 3 × 10−.10 mol/L and 3.5 × 10−.9 mol/L. Pretreatment of the cells with heparitinase reduced the number of low- affinity binding sites, whereas pretreatment with excess exogenous follistatin increased the number of low-affinity binding sites. Affinity cross-linking of 125I-activin A to hepatocytes revealed distinct protein complexes with molecular weights of approximately 48, 65, and 85 kd, which may represent cross-linked cell-bound follistatin, type I and type II activin receptors, respectively. Another band with a molecular weight of 180 kd was also found, which may represent the type III activin receptor. When hepatocytes were cultured with epidermal growth factor (EGF), both high- and low-affinity binding sites increased at 12 hours without altering their affinities. At 60 hours of the incubation with EGF, the high-affinity binding sites decreased while the number of low-affinity binding sites increased slightly. These results indicate that two classes of 125I-activin A binding sites exist in cultured hepatocytes: the high-affinity binding site may represent oligomeric complex of the type I and type II receptors, and at least part of the low-affinity binding site may represent cell-bound follistatin. The number of activin receptors in hepatocytes is increased after the stimulation with EGF.
289. Sequence Modified Antibiotic Resistance Genes Provide Sustained Plasmid Mediated Transgene Expression in Mammals
Authors: Jiamiao Lu, Feijie Zhang, Andrew Fire, Mark Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2016)

Conventional plasmid vectors are incapable of achieving sustained levels of transgene expression in vivo. Even in quiescent tissues where plasmid DNA levels remain static, transgene expression is transcriptionally extinguished or silenced over a period of several weeks. Extensive work has led to the finding that the length (~1kb or more) rather than the sequence of DNA contained outside of the eukaryotic expression cassette (between 5'end of the promoter and 3'end of the poly A site- such as a canonical bacterial plasmid backbone) is the critical factor that dictates transcriptional silencing in vivo (Lu, J et al. 2012). Nucleosomal patterns are considered a key element in the establishment and maintenance of silenced chromatin. An/Tn sequence motifs are known to substantially enhance nucleosome mobility and enhance RNA polymerase II accessibility. These sequences sometimes referred to as nucleosome exclusion, remain a mystery in terms of their mode of action. Therefore, we explored whether the addition of a higher number of An/Tn sequences would influence plasmid-mediated transcriptional silencing. First, we found that the placement of a stretch of 20 'T' nucleotides into every 60bp of a random 2.2kb fragment of DNA used in place of the bacterial plasmid backbone abrogated transcriptional silencing. Next, we optimized the An/Tn sequence content of the plasmid containing Kan and Amp bacterial antibiotic resistance markers without altering their protein coding sequence. These modified antibiotic resistance markers did not affect their propagation in bacterial culture. Most importantly, when transfected into mouse liver they were capable of producing sustained transgene expression at levels 10 times higher than a conventional plasmid. These plasmids maintain expression at levels we previously obtained with minicircle vectors (DNA vectors lacking a bacterial plasmid backbone) without the requirement for special cell lines or plasmid modifications. Thus, we have created a generic plasmid vector that can be produced using standard production schemes that provide sustained expression in quiescent cells and tissues that will be useful in future gene transfer applications.
SCIENTISM: A NEW BLIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A lifetime of quantum leaps in medicine: 1935 to 1989
Authors: F. Homburger
Journal: JAMA (1990)

NOWADAYS when I read scientific literature, I often feel humiliated and ignorant and conclude that I am hopelessly left behind by a rapidly moving science and its esoteric terminology, understandable only to the initiated, and for me, the old physician, akin to Chinese. Then I think back to the good old days when we were dealing with patients and their diseases, when it was not necessary to understand what was going on at the molecular level, and when it was sufficient to know anatomy, pathology, and physical diagnosis, to have an idea of the interpretation of electrocardiograms, and to be able to read a roentgenogram. The choice of really effective drugs was limited and the diseases that could not be significantly influenced by our ministrations were numerous. As I think back to the early days of my introduction to medicine in Geneva, in my native Switzerland, and briefly in Vienna,
Postal risk appraisal questionnaire slightly increases cholesterol testing in high risk patients
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Early selegiline treatment in Parkinson's disease may not be advantageous A previous report from the UK Parkinson's Disease Research Group's randomised controlled trial noted that patients with early, mild Parkinson's disease treated with selegiline and levodopa (arm 2) had around 60% increased mortality compared with those given levodopa alone (arm 1).On p 1191 Ben-Shlomo et al examined whether this increased mortality was maintained and tested possible explanations such as orthostatic hypotension, more rapidly deteriorating disease, and adverse drug interactions with other drugs.The extended results show a persistent but smaller excess mortality with combined treatment.Patients who died in arm 2 were more likely to have had possible dementia before death.The results do not support the use of combined treatment in newly diagnosed disease.In more advanced disease its avoidance in patients with postural hypotension, frequent falls, confusion, and dementia may be advisable.
Clostridial Endophthalmitis After Cornea Transplantation—Florida, 2003
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Endophthalmitis is a severe condition caused by inflammation of the ocular cavity that often is associated with infection of the internal structures of the eye. The source of infection can include bacteria disseminated through the bloodstream and contamination of the cornea at the time of ocular surgery or trauma. Complications include rapid, reversible vision loss that can progress quickly to panophthalmitis, requiring surgical removal of the eye. Clostridium perfringens, an anaerobic gram-positive bacillus found in soil and bowel flora, is an infrequent cause of endophthalmitis. Although the majority of cases are caused by penetrating injury with soil-contaminated foreign bodies, C. perfringens endophthalmitis has been reported in patients after cataract surgery. This report describes two cases of C. perfringens endophthalmitis that occurred within 24 hours after transplant of contaminated corneas. These cases demonstrate the potential for transmission of Clostridium infection from donor to recipient. Clinicians should be aware of potential infection risks associated with transplantation of corneal tissues and report any infections to the appropriate eye bank.
Is Decreased Prefrontal Cortical Sensitivity to Monetary Reward Associated With Impaired Motivation and Self-Control in Cocaine Addiction?
Authors: Rita Z. Goldstein, Nelly Alia-Klein, Dardo Tomasi, Lei Zhang, Lisa A. Cottone, Thomas Maloney, Frank Telang, Elisabeth C. Caparelli, Linda Chang, Thomas Ernst, Dimitris Samaras, Nancy K. Squires, Nora D. Volkow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: This study attempted to examine the brain's sensitivity to monetary rewards of different magnitudes in cocaine abusers and to study its association with motivation and self-control. Method: Sixteen cocaine abusers and 13 matched healthy comparison subjects performed a forced-choice task under three monetary value conditions while brain activation was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Objective measures of state motivation were assessed by reaction time and accuracy, and subjective measures were assessed by self-reports of task engagement. Measures of trait motivation and self-control were assessed with the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Results: The cocaine abusers demonstrated an overall reduced regional brain responsivity to differences between the monetary value conditions. Also, in comparison subjects but not in cocaine abusers, reward-induced improvements in performance were associated with self-reports of task engagement, and money-induced activations in the lateral prefrontal cortex were associated with parallel activations in the orbitofrontal cortex. For cocaine abusers, prefrontal cortex sensitivity to money was instead associated with motivation and self-control. Conclusions: These findings suggest that in cocaine addiction 1) activation of the corticolimbic reward circuit to gradations of money is altered; 2) the lack of a correlation between objective and subjective measures of state motivation may be indicative of disrupted perception of motivational drive, which could contribute to impairments in self-control; and 3) the lateral prefrontal cortex modulates trait motivation and deficits in self-control, and a possible underlying mechanism may encompass a breakdown in prefrontal-orbitofrontal cortical communication.
Association News
Authors: W. E. Musgrave
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>SAN FRANCISCO SESSION</h3> Organization of Local Committee of Arrangements Dr. W. E. Musgrave, chairman of the Local Committee of Arrangements for the San Francisco Session of the American Medical Association, announces the organization of the executive committee with the following personnel: chairman, Dr. W. E. Musgrave; secretary, Dr. Ina M. Richter; treasurer, Dr. John Gallwey. The names of the chairmen of subcommittees will be printed in The Journal at a later date. <h3>The 1923 Session of the American Medical Association, San Francisco, June 25 to 29</h3> The California Medical Association, with all of its constituent county members, the League for the Conservation of Public Health, and the San Francisco Convention and Tourist League, with all of its affiliated organizations, are combining to make the 1923 session of the American Medical Association a memorable one. Permanent headquarters for all committees and for all matters pertaining to the 1923 session have already
Surgical treatment of candida endocarditis
Authors: J. H. Kay
Journal: JAMA (1968)

After an initially successful surgery in a patient with<i>Candida</i>endocarditis, three additional patients with this disease were treated by surgery. These three patients had severe aortic insufficiency, and one also had concomitant severe mitral insufficiency. Experience with chemotherapy for this infection underscores the failure of chemotherapy alone to cure the infection. A technique for the use of early surgical intervention to remove the gross nidus of infection combined with amphotericin B therapy during and following surgery has been advocated. Complete recovery and unrestricted activity have been achieved in two of these three patients for a two- and three-year follow-up. This represents a total of three surgical cures in four patients operated upon by us and is a significant improvement in the previously reported expected mortality with patients treated medically.
Simple Absorbent Cotton Versus the "Antiseptic Pad and Dressing."
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Figure 1 Credit Omitted
Authors: Ezekiel Emanuel, Elisabeth Daniels, Diane Fairclough, Brian Clarridge
Journal: JAMA (1999)

nificant, unremitting symptoms initiate and repeat their request.Adhering to these safeguards does not depend on the legality of euthanasia or PAS, but on whether physicians appropriately use these interventions as last ditch efforts-that is, only when patients are experiencing extreme symptoms despite optimal palliative care and clearly request to die.Also, our data contradict MacDonald's suggestions that physician regret arises because euthanasia or PAS was done covertly or because physicians fear prosecution.Instead, physician regret arises in 2 situations: (1) when euthanasia or PAS results in a "bad death," one that was ultimately distressing for the patient or family, and (2) when performing these interventions engendered conflicts about the proper role of the physician.
Masthead: (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 24/2017)
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

Citizenship: Wiley's Corporate Citizenship initiative seeks to address the environmental, social, economic, and ethical challenges faced in our business and which are important to our diverse stakeholder groups.Since launching the initiative, we have focused on sharing our content with those in need, enhancing community philanthropy, reducing our carbon impact, creating global guidelines and best practices for paper use, establishing a vendor code of ethics, and engaging our colleagues and other stakeholders in our efforts.
Controversy grows over monitoring system for new schizophrenia drug
Authors: M. J. Kleinerman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A RECENTLY introduced drug for schizophrenia is helping many patients who were previously considered untreatable. However, a potentially fatal side effect necessitates careful monitoring of patients. Just how this monitoring should be done is causing considerable controversy among the drug's manufacturer, patients, health care providers, and government officials. The controversy has reached a pitch that suggests that the government may soon intervene in determining how patients who are taking this drug are to be monitored. The situation is this: An estimated 20% of patients who have schizophrenia do not respond to standard antipsychotic medications, and the drug, clozapine (Clozaril, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp, East Hanover, NJ) has proved effective for many of them. Within 6 weeks of beginning treatment with clozapine, 30% of previously unresponsive patients show significant improvement, and another 30% improve within 6 months. Thus, for many, clozapine makes hospital discharge a possibility that did not exist before. Clozapine
In Brief
Journal: Nature Reviews Genetics (2007)

owing to its AT-rich genome and poorly understood gene regulatory mechanisms.This approach also provided functional insights, for example, the importance of coordination between transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation in several species: in yeast, worm and human, regulatory modules were identified with both dNA and RNA elements.However, RNA elements were not predicted in P. falciparum, suggesting that such coordination is absent or less important in this parasite.
Intracellular Signaling Pathways Activated by Neurotrophic Factors
Authors: R. A. Segal
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1996)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Circulation Editors’ Picks
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Conclusions-These findings identify nuclear factor-κB as a key regulator of adult and developmental arteriogenesis and collateral formation.Nuclear factor-κB achieves this by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A and platelet-derived growth factor-BB, which are necessary for the development and maturation of the arterial collateral network, and by regulating δ-like ligand 4 expression, which in turn determines the size and complexity of the network.
ON HEADACHE
Authors: F. J. Prior
Journal: BMJ (1855)

BOCAnO MEDIWAL JOUNAL.LD=. 14, -ISP ud, oai k dangeou cas fi tly eawyer i_* thX o_mtioss, ho1 ar We to "do up.such a _ M quon as the eat time the operto shoud take place?It mut be left to the surgeon, whoe know- lep of the powes of vitality in disease and helth mus decid the point.CAsa.Mr. D., a respectable tresman residig in the Edgware Road, aged 30 years, of fair complexion and sandy ir, easily suceptible of sore throat when exposed to damp, about four months since, from such exposure, suf-
Abstract 17426: Pulmonary Vein Isolation ‘Rewires’ Electrical Communications to Enhance Small-world Network Topology During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hiroshi Ashikaga, Jonathan Chrispin, Degang Wu, Joshua Garland
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Recent evidence suggests that pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) may perturb the electrophysiological substrate for maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Our previous work indicates that information theory metrics can quantify electrical communications during arrhythmia. We hypothesized that PVI ‘rewires’ the electrical communication network during AF such that the topology exhibits higher levels of small-world network properties, with higher clustering coefficient and lower path length, than would be expected by chance. Thirteen consecutive patients (n=6 with prior PVI and n=7 without) underwent AF ablation using a 64-electrode basket catheter in the left atrium. Multielectrode recording was performed during AF for 60 seconds, followed by PVI. Mutual information was calculated from the time series between each pair of electrodes using the Kraskov-Stögbauer-Grassberger estimator. The all-to-all mutual information matrix (64x64; Figure, upper panels) was thresholded by the median and standard deviations of mutual information to build a binary adjacency matrix for electrical communication networks. The properties of small-world network ( swn ; ‘small-world-ness’) were quantified by the ratio of the observed average clustering coefficient to that of a random network over the ratio of the observed average path length to that of a random network. swn was expressed in normal Z standard deviation units. As the binarizing threshold increased, the Z-score of swn decreased (Figure, lower panel). However, the Z-score at each threshold value was consistently higher with prior PVI than those without (p&lt;0.05). In conclusion, electrical communication network during AF with prior PVI is associated with higher levels of small-world network properties than those without. This finding supports the concept that PVI perturbs the underlying substrate. In addition, swn of electrical communication network may be a promising metric to quantify substrate modification.
Calusterone
Authors: Donald J. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The good effect of calusterone in patients with metastatic cancer of the breast, reported in this issue (p 483) by Gordan, will naturally arouse great interest. Results in 102 patients appear to justify his tentative opinion that calusterone is the most useful steroid now under study for treatment of this disease. More than twice as many objective regressions were observed as would have been expected with use of testosterone propionate. Unfortunately, these observations and the others cited by Gordan are not adequate to establish the worth of calusterone, because they did not include appropriate controls. They are only pilot studies. Examples of equally promising therapeutic innovations which subsequently failed to pass more rigorous scrutiny are all too common, due to unintended selection of patients, or unsuspected bias in evaluations. As Gordan points out, a well-designed study for this type of agent requires (1) random assignment of patients among apparently comparable
<i>Erratum</i>: Vol. 67, No. 10
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

on page 7, the second sentence under the heading "Postpartum Use of Contraception (PRAMS)" should have read "The most effective methods (i.e., male or female sterilization, implant, and intrauterine device) have a failure rate that is <1% with typical use, and moderately effective methods (shot, pill, patch, ring or diaphragm) include those with typical failure rates of 6%-12%." Vol. 67, No. 10In the report "Emergence of Monkeypox -West and Central Africa, 1970-2017," on page 306, the next to the last sentence in the first paragraph under "Monkeypox Cases in West Africa and Central Africa" should have read "With 89 confirmed cases, Nigeria is currently experiencing the largest documented outbreak of human monkeypox in West Africa."