tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Local Committee on Arrangements
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of the Tissue Slice Technique for Evaluation of Renal Transport Processes
Authors: W. O. Berndt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

A detailed discussion of the tissue slice technique for evaluation of transport phenomena is presented. Information is given concerning the preparation of tissue slices and the advantages of this procedure over corresponding in vivo techniques. In addition, the relationship of the in vitro renal transport of organic substances to in vivo renal function is discussed in detail. Finally, certain pitfalls related to in vitro slice transport studies are presented.
EPA Priorities for Biologic Markers Research in Environmental Health
Authors: John R. Fowle, Ken Sexton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology allow for measurement of biologic events or substances that may provide markers of exposure, effect, or susceptibility in humans. The application of these new and emerging techniques to environmental health offers the possibility of significantly reducing the uncertainties that traditionally hamper risk assessments. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health research program emphasizes the validation of appropriate biologic markers and their application to high-priority Agency issues. The rationale for EPA's biomarker research program is presented, and future research directions are discussed. Exposure biomarkers will receive most of the research emphasis in the near term, particularly body burden indicators of exposure to high-priority chemicals, such as benzene, ozone, selected heavy metals, and organophosphate pesticides. Research on effects biomarkers will attempt to validate the relationship between the observed biological effects and adverse health consequences in humans, especially for cancer, pulmonary toxicity, immunotoxicity, and reproductive/developmental toxicity.
Criminal Abortion
Authors: Walter W. Jetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

CRIMINAL ABORTIONAbortion, legally defined, is the premature expulsion of the fetus before the term of gestation is complete. The law does not differentiate abortion, miscarriage and premature delivery. Criminal abortion is the unlawful expulsion of the fetus by artificial means. It is a felony when any person advises, assists in or performs an abortion. Some states place self-induced abortion in a similar category. Death of the mother upon whom an abortion has been performed is homicide. Physicians failing to report known or suspected cases of abortion are open to suspicion of complicity and technically to criminal prosecution. It is . . .
Comparison of antihypertensive effects of captopril and propranolol in essential hypertension
Authors: C. M. Huang
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The antihypertensive effects of the oral converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and of propranolol were evaluated in a single-blind trial of 12 weeks in 19 ambulatory men with moderated essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure [DPB], 100 to 120 mm Hg after receiving placebo for two weeks) whose sodium intake was unrestricted. The captopril group included 12 patients and the propranolol group seven. After the initial dose-finding period of four weeks, supine DBP was significantly reduced in eight patients receiving captopril and in four of the patients receiving propranolol. In these patients DBP decreased throughout the following eight weeks. In the remaining patients from each group, DBP was not reduced by either drug given alone at maximum allowable dosages during dose-finding periods, nor by combined administration in following weeks. No adverse side effects attributable to captopril were noted, except in one patient in whom proteinuria developed after seven weeks. Captopril has potential value in the treatment of moderate essential hypertension. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:478-482)
Preparedness for practice. Young physicians' views of their professional education
Authors: J. C. Cantor
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe the views of young physicians (younger than age 45 years) regarding the appropriateness of specific aspects of medical training that have often been criticized as inadequate. <h3>Design.</h3> —Proportional analysis of survey data, stratified by medical school type and graduate medical education specialty and adjusted for demographics. <h3>Setting.</h3> —National sample of 4756 allopathic and osteopathic physicians trained in allopathic residencies representing a variety of practice settings. <h3>Dependent Variables.</h3> —Overall satisfaction with medical training, including medical school through residency and fellowship; satisfaction with preparedness for five aspects of practice and six types of patients; and satisfaction with the amount of time spent in each of six training settings. <h3>Results.</h3> —Eighty percent of young physicians reported that their formal medical training did an excellent or good job of preparing them for medical practice. Much smaller proportions (21% to 78%) reported excellent or good preparation to treat specific conditions or types of patients, and few (3%) reported being well prepared to manage business aspects of practice. Large proportions (35% to 63%) would prefer to have received more training in settings outside of hospitals, including managed care settings (67%). Significant differences in preparedness were observed by type of training; those trained in general and family practice reported better preparedness along many dimensions than did those trained in general internal medicine. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Young physicians generally confirm critiques of medical training noted by scholars and commissions. Health care reform is likely to increase the urgency for remedial action. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1035-1040)
Cross-cultural Communication
Authors: Robert W. Putsch
Journal: JAMA (1985)

COMMUNICATION in health care is a complex issue. Language and cultural barriers complicate the situation. Language is the framework in which the world view of a culture is molded, and it describes the boundaries and perspectives of a cultural system.<sup>2</sup>A language barrier disarms a communicant's ability to assess meanings, intent, emotions, and reactions and creates a state of dependency on the individual who holds the keys to the entire process—the interpreter. Interpretation requires a great deal of skill. Interpreters find it necessary to describe and explain terms, ideas, and processes that lie outside of the linguistic systems of clients. The interpretation process must account for divergent world views. Individuals and cultures have varying perspectives regarding the cause, presentation, course, and treatment<sup>3</sup>of sickness, as well as the risk it represents to others. The following discussion will focus on the role of interpreters. At the same time, the
Nicotine nasal spray with patch is effective in stopping smoking
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Nicotine nasal spray with patch is effective in stopping smoking On p 285 Blondal et al evaluate the efficacy of using a nicotine patch for 5 months with a nicotine spray for 1 year in stopping smoking.After 1 year, 27% of participants using the combined treatment were abstinent compared with 11% in the patch only group.Having access to nicotine in the nasal spray probably alleviated smoking urges.Five years after stopping treatment the difference in abstinence rates was double, emphasising the benefits of the combined treatment.
Freezing of infested pork muscle kills cysticerci
Authors: J. Sotelo
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A method for culturing cysticerci that allows successful evagination and growth of scolexes from metacestodes of<i>Taenia solium</i>was used to study the survival of cysticerci subjected to low temperatures. Refrigeration of pork muscle infested with cysticerci at temperatures above 0°C did not affect the parasites' survival in culture. Conversely, freezing of meat prevented survival of cysts. A practical procedure to kill cysticerci is the storage of pork muscle for four days at —5°C, three days at —15°C, or one day at —24°C. These simple measures would help prevent the most frequent parasitosis of man's central nervous system. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:893-894)
Bimonthly Regimen of High Dose Leucovorin, Infusional 5-Fluorouracil, Docetaxel and Cisplatin (Modified DCF) in Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: I.T. Unek, T. Akman, I. Oztop, O.U. Unal, T. Salman, A.U. Yilmaz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Foreword
Authors: S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1991)

1066 was a memorable year: so was 1966, the year in which Roger Williams gave up the tranquillity of Southampton for a pioneering role at King's College Hospital.And what a pioneer he has been.During 25 years, almost every aspect of modern hepatology has been advanced by the Liver Unit at King's.It is difficult to single out the most important contributions.The management of fulminant liver failure posed many problems, but has finally resulted in the Unit accepting most of the cases of acute liver failure in the United Kingdom and many places elsewhere.With Sir Roy Calne, Roger Williams and his team pioneered liver transplantation internationally, they persevered when others gave up the struggle.Developments over the last five years have confirmed the King's-Cambridge initiative.Liver transplantation is now an accepted mode of treatment for endstage liver disease.Immunological research has been particularly fruitful, largely because of the influence of Adrian Eddleston.The Liver Unit started just one year after Baruch Blumberg described Australia antigen, the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virion.This opened the way to virus hepatitis research and new discoveries of the role of immunological processes in the mechanism of
Unraveling the Chronic Toxicity of Lead: An Essential Priority for Environmental Health
Authors: Andrew C. Todd, James G. Wetmur, Jacqueline M. Moline, James H. Godbold, Stephen M. Levin, Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Although population exposure to lead has declined, chronic lead toxicity remains a major public health problem in the United States affecting millions of children and adults.Important gaps exist in knowledge of the pathophysiology of chronic lead intoxication.These gaps have impeded development of control strategies.To close current gaps in knowledge of chronic lead toxicity, we propose an integrated, multidisciplinary, marker-based research program.This program combines a) direct measurement of individual lead burden by 109Cd X-ray fluorescence analysis of lead in bone, b) determination of ALA-D phenotype, an index of individual susceptibility to lead, and c) assessments of subclinical injury produced by lead in the kidneys, nervous system and, reproductive organs.Data from this research will provide answers to questions of great public health importance: a) Are current environmental and occupational standards adequate to prevent chronic lead intoxication?b) Is lead mobilized from the skeleton during pregnancy or lactation to cause fetal toxicity?c) Is lead mobilized from bone during menopause to cause neurotoxicity?d) What is the significance of genetic variation in determining susceptibility to lead? e) What is the contribution of lead to hypertension, renal disease, chronic neurodegenerative disease or declining sperm counts?f) Is chelation therapy effective in reducing body lead burden in persons with chronic overexposure to lead?
The Cover
Authors: M. THERESE SOUTHGATE
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quantitative and Temporal Relationships between DNA Adduct Formation in Target and Surrogate Tissues: Implications for Biomonitoring
Authors: Stephen Nesnow, Jeffrey Ross, Garret Nelson, Katrina Holden, Gregory Erexson, Andrew Kligerman, Ramesh C. Gupta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

DNA-carcinogen adducts offer a potential dosimeter for environmental genotoxicants reaching the exposed individual.Because the target tissues for many chemical carcinogens are not readily accessible for monitoring adducts in humans, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) have served as surrogate sources of exposed DNA.Both benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF) are widely distributed in the environment as components of complex mixtures, such as automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, foods, water, and urban air.Thus, human exposure to these chemicals is widespread, and they probably contribute to overall human lung cancer risk.The interpretation of the results of such studies would be enhanced by an understanding of the pharmacokinetics of specific DNA adduct formation and persistence in both target and surrogate tissues.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats IP at 100 mg PAH/ kg body weight.Lung, liver, and PBL tissues were harvested 1,3, 7,14, 28, and 56 days after treatment.DNA was extracted from each tissue and 32P-postlabeling analysis of DNA adducts with nuclease P1 enhancement was conducted.In all three tissues, BaP-DNA adducts exhibit a similar pattern, reaching a maximum at 34 days, followed by a decrease to 56 days.For BbF, the maximum DNA adduct levels in each tissue were between 5 and 14 days after injection.By 56 days after administration, the total adducts remaining in all tissues were measurable.Correlation analyses ofthe amount of DNA adducts in lung or liver compared to those found in the PBL of the same animals suggest a range of correlations (R2 = 0.67-0.83).For BaP, DNA adducts in both liver and lung may be predicted by PBL DNA adduct levels.For BbF, adduct levels in PBLs directly reflect adduct levels in the liver and are less predictive of lung adduct levels.The collateral pharmacokinetics for DNA adduct persistence in lung, liver, and PBLs suggest that PBL adduct-based dosimetry may reflect patterns of adduction in other less accessible tissues.Thus, PBL DNA adducts may prove to be useful dosimeters for the delivered dose of DNA.
Second Annual Postgraduate Course on Current Approaches to Radiation Oncology, Radiobiology, and Clinical Physics
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Second Annual Postgraduate Course on Current Approaches to Radiation Oncology, Radiobiology, and Clinical Physics Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 67, Issue 4, October 1981, Page 957, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/67.4.957-b Published: 01 October 1981
Biological pattern in hypertension by race, sex, body weight, and skin color
Authors: E. Boyle
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A population-based epidemiologic study of 2,184 residents of Charleston County, South Carolina, with a high morbidity and death rate from arteriosclerotic and hypertensive cardiovascular disease showed high prevalence of hypertension among Negroes compared with the prevalence in Charleston whites or American Negroes. The relationships of sex and age with hypertension follow different patterns in Negroes and whites. In contrast to the white population, no correlation between obesity and hypertension was found in Negroes. A positive correlation was found between skin pigmentation and hypertension in Negroes. There was also a significant difference in prevalence of group B blood type between lighter- and darker-pigmented Negroes, the darker half having the same "B" prevalence as West African Negroes, and 50% higher prevalence than American Negroes.
Can we afford maximum quality in medical educational materials?
Authors: L. L. Leveridge
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Educational quality is measured by efficiency plus effectiveness and is dependent on the validity of content as well as on how completely and clearly the subject is communicated. Successful communications depends on the selection of the optimum medium for each given task, plus knowledge of and skill in the use of that medium. The taking of pains is equally needed. There is no escape from it—meeting these criteria costs time and money. Are the greater costs of maximum educational quality justified? Consider the following: It costs as much to distribute poor-quality materials as to distribute those designed and produced with much greater care and bigger budgets. The expense of large-scale distribution is always as much as, or greater than, the outlay for production. Conversely, when materials are distributed nationwide, the costs of design and production are usually but a small percentage of the total expenditure. For instance,
Work and Heart Disease in Wisconsin
Authors: George A. Hellmuth
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The problem of the medicolegal aspect of heart disease in Wisconsin industry has steadily increased. A study of cases heard between 1953 and 1962 by the Wisconsin Industrial Commission under the Workmen's Compensation Act was designed to determine causal relationship of a work-connected accident and an acute myocardial infarction. A detailed study was made of a significant number of cases to which American Heart Association criteria for determining causality were applied; the study shows that approximately half of the compensated and compromised claims were not medically justified. Results indicate that a system of fair adjudication of claims for cardiac disturbance should be evolved at the state level, with well-informed medical testimony and based on the medicolegal establishment of the fact that physical exertion at the time of the incident was clearly unusual for the person.
Hodgkin Disease
Authors: Nicholas J. Vianna
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN CONTRAST to the other lymphomas, which have always been regarded as neoplastic disorders, there has been incessant controversy over the nature of Hodgkin disease. Is it infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory—none, all, or some of these? We should be quick to recall that Wilks, Mallory, Warthin, Sternberg, and Reed pondered over these very same considerations, as have a countless number of other students of this disorder, which was first described in 1832. More recently, it has been hypothesized that Hodgkin disease in the young might be infectious in nature, whereas in the elderly it behaves like a neoplasm.<sup>1</sup>Another series of epidemiologic studies<sup>2</sup>suggests that in certain settings, most notably schools, this disease might have an infectious component. Despite all the efforts over the past century, the fact remains that we have failed to elucidate the nature of Hodgkin disease. The reason or reasons for this may well be
AB0195 Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Counts Are Increased in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Correlate with the Extent of Fibrosis
Authors: T. Wohlfahrt, S. Usherenko, C. Dees, K. Palumbo-Zerr, C. Beyer, K. Gelse, O. Distler, G. Schett, J.H. Distler, A. Ramming
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), a recently identified population of cells with lymphoid morphology lacking re-arranged antigen-specific receptors, provide a potent source of cytokines and promote type 2 immunity and tissue remodeling. <h3>Objectives</h3> Although findings in animal models of fibrotic diseases such as CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced liver fibrosis and <i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>-induced pulmonary fibrosis demonstrate increased numbers of ILC2 in fibrotic lesions, data on ILC2 in humans are mainly limited to allergic diseases and largely focus on circulating ILC2. However, the contributive role of ILC2 cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is unknown. We aimed to evaluate the levels and correlations with fibrotic manifestations in SSc. <h3>Methods</h3> Fifty-four patients with SSc and 28 healthy controls were included into the study. Blood samples and skin sections were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemically. ILC2 counts were correlated to clinical manifestations. <h3>Results</h3> ILC2 numbers were elevated by 10 fold in the skin of SSc patients compared to healthy controls assessed by two complementary sets of established markers for ILC2, both of which yielded comparable results. Furthermore, increased numbers of ILC2 were detectable in the skin as well as in the blood of SSc patients and our data also suggest that ILC2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in SSc by showing multiple associations of ILC2 counts with fibrotic manifestations in SSc patients. Stratification of the SSc population in patients with limited (lcSSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) demonstrated increased levels of ILC2 in both subgroups with significantly higher frequencies in dcSSc compared to lcSSc. Moreover, dermal and circulating ILC2 counts correlated closely with the modified Rodnan skin score and with the presence of pulmonary fibrosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Here, we provide first evidence for a role of ILC2 in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases by demonstrating increased ILC2 counts in the skin of patients with SSc as compared to healthy individuals. Correlations of ILC2 counts with dermal and pulmonary fibrosis encourage follow-up studies to further evaluate the potential of ILC2 as biomarkers for fibrosis in SSc patients and to characterize the potential of targeting ILC2 as an anti-fibrotic approach in SSc. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Risk of hepatitis flare in inflammatory bowel disease patients with previous hepatitis B virus exposure - results from a territory-wide Hong Kong ibd registry study
Authors: Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip, Hon Man Lam, Tsz Yan Cheng, Sunny Hei Wong, Francis Ka Leung Chan, Siew Chien Ng, Vincent Wai-Sun Wong, Grace Lai-Hung Wong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)