tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
General Approach to the Biological Analysis of Complex Mixtures
Authors: William G. Thilly, Jack Longwell, Barbara M. Andon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The study of potential health effects of combustion effluents involves identifying the substances present and estimating the probable health hazards of each. Unfortunately, this second step cannot be done by using present techniques. Approximations of health hazards by bacterial and human cell assays are being used to set priorities for further biological studies and to suggest needs for modifications of combustion systems. The assumptions underlying this approximation are discussed, and several examples of combustion effluents are reviewed.
Screening Methods for Thyroid Hormone Disruptors
Authors: Michael DeVito, Lisa Biegel, Abraham Brouwer, Scott Brown, Franciose Brucker-Davis, Ann Oliver Cheek, Russ Christensen, Theo Colborn, Paul Cooke, James Crissman, Kevin Crofton, Dan Doerge, Earl Gray, Peter Hauser, Pamela Hurley, Michael Kohn, Jozef Lazar, Suzanne McMaster, Michael McClain, Eugene McConnell, Christoph Meier, Ronald Miller, Joseph Tietge, Rochelle Tyl
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The U.S. Congress has passed legislation requiring the EPA to implement screening tests for identifying endocrine-disrupting chemicals. A series of workshops was sponsored by the EPA, the Chemical Manufacturers Association, and the World Wildlife Fund; one workshop focused on screens for chemicals that alter thyroid hormone function and homeostasis. Participants at this meeting identified and examined methods to detect alterations in thyroid hormone synthesis, transport, and catabolism. In addition, some methods to detect chemicals that bind to the thyroid hormone receptors acting as either agonists or antagonists were also identified. Screening methods used in mammals as well as other vertebrate classes were examined. There was a general consensus that all known chemicals which interfere with thyroid hormone function and homeostasis act by either inhibiting synthesis, altering serum transport proteins, or by increasing catabolism of thyroid hormones. There are no direct data to support the assertion that certain environmental chemicals bind and activate the thyroid hormone receptors; further research is indicated. In light of this, screening methods should reflect known mechanisms of action. Most methods examined, albeit useful for mechanistic studies, were thought to be too specific and therefore would not be applicable for broad-based screening. Determination of serum thyroid hormone concentrations following chemical exposure in rodents was thought to be a reasonable initial screen. Concurrent histologic evaluation of the thyroid would strengthen this screen. Similar methods in teleosts may be useful as screens, but would require indicators of tissue production of thyroid hormones. The use of tadpole metamorphosis as a screen may also be useful; however, this method requires validation and standardization prior to use as a broad-based screen.
GM-CSF enhances 3F8 monoclonal antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against human melanoma and neuroblastoma
Authors: BH Kushner, NK Cheung
Journal: Blood (1989)

3F8 is a murine monoclonal IgG3 antibody specific for the tumor- associated antigen ganglioside GD2. Previous in vitro studies suggest that tumor regressions observed in a phase I clinical trial of 3F8 may be attributable to complement activation by 3F8 and to 3F8-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with lymphocytes. We now describe 3F8- mediated ADCC of GD2-positive tumor targets (melanoma and neuroblastoma) with human granulocytes and report that recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhanced this phenomenon. Cytotoxicity required binding of 3F8 to the low-affinity Fc receptor type III (CD16) on the granulocytes and was poor with tumor-binding monoclonal antibodies of other immunoglobulin (ie, non-IgG3) subclasses. GM-CSF (2 to 20 ng/mL) increased ADCC by 93% to 267% at limiting dilutions of 3F8 (1 microgram/mL). With most GD2- positive cell lines tested, this effect translated into a tenfold or greater augmentation in 3F8 efficiency at mediating ADCC. Comparable enhancement occurred whether GM-CSF was present in the ADCC assay or granulocytes were incubated with GM-CSF and washed before the assay. Nonoxidative mechanisms may be important for ADCC since 3F8 mediated ADCC with granulocytes from two children with chronic granulomatous disease; this cytotoxicity was also enhanced by GM-CSF. Since GM-CSF induces a neutrophilia in patients, our data suggest that this cytokine may have the potential of amplifying 3F8 antitumor activity in patients by increasing effector cell numbers and by priming granulocytes for greater cytotoxicity.
Agenesis of the sacrum and the neurogenic bladder
Authors: W. W. Koontz
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Sacral agenesis is a frequently overlooked anomaly that often coincides with serious urological disease. During the past six years, eight patients with this disorder were seen at the Medical College of Virginia. Hydronephrosis, reflux, multiple urological operations, and scant extravesical neurological findings were characteristic of the patients.
Incomplete P Values
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Melvin Yahr
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Neurologist who revolutionised the treatment of Parkinson's disease Melvin D Yahr was a pioneer in the development of the amino acid L-dopa as a treatment for Parkinson's disease.In the 1960s he conducted one of the earliest randomised clinical trials of L-dopa-a precursor of dopamine-which showed that the drug could help "unfreeze" people who had the disease, easing symptoms such as rigidity and tremors.The writer and neurologist Olivers Sacks described in his 1974 book Awakenings-later made into a film-how using L-dopa in people with Parkinson's virtually brought statues to life.Nowadays L-dopa remains the most widely used treatment for Parkinson's, with millions of people taking it worldwide.Yahr's research built on the work of the Nobel laureate Arvid Carlsson, who in the 1950s had shown that Parkinson's could arise from depletion of dopamine.It was not long after Yahr's trial that patients were able to benefit from his revolutionary findings.By 1972, only a few years after the publication of his study, it had been prescribed to 1.5 million people in the United States.Melvin Yahr was born in 1917 in New York City, the youngest of six children of immigrant orthodox Jewish parents from Austro-Hungary.His father owned a bakery.
Burns: Their Causes, Mortality, and Preventability. Review of 669 Cases
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Circulation:</i> Clinical Summaries
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Adults: The Cardiovascular Health StudyAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic arrhythmia in adults, and risk increases markedly with age.Experimental studies suggest that long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from seafood may reduce onset of AF, but most prior studies of n-3 PUFA and new-onset AF in ambulatory populations have used estimates based on dietary questionnaires and were not focused on older adults, the general population at highest risk.We prospectively investigated the associations of circulating blood levels of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with incidence of AF among 3,326 older men and women (Ն65y) from 4 US communities over a 14-year period.We excluded study subjects taking fish oil supplements.After adjustment for other risk factors, participants in the top quartile of total n-3 PUFA (EPAϩDPAϩDHA) levels had 29% lower risk of AF, compared with the lowest quartile (P trend Ͻ0.004).Among the individual n-3 fatty acids, only DHA was significantly associated with AF, with a 23% lower risk among participants in the highest versus lowest quartile (Pϭ0.01).These associations were consistent among different subgroups, including men and women as well as whites and blacks.Although the observational nature of this study does not prove a causal relationship, these findings suggest that increased dietary intake of total n-3 PUFA or DHA from seafood may reduce incidence of AF in older adults.See p 1084.
Anti-PD-1 (BMS-936558, MDX-1106) in patients with advanced solid tumors: Clinical activity, safety, and a potential biomarker for response.
Authors: Suzanne Louise Topalian, Julie R. Brahmer, F. Stephen Hodi, David F. McDermott, David C. Smith, Scott N. Gettinger, Janis M. Taube, Charles G. Drake, Drew M. Pardoll, Scott Antonia, David R. Spigel, Michael B. Atkins, Donald P. Lawrence, Dan McDonald, Maria Jure-Kunkel, Alan Korman, Georgia Kollia, Ashok Kumar Gupta, Jon Wigginton, Mario Sznol
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

CRA2509 Background: Blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1), a co-inhibitory receptor expressed by activated T cells, can overcome immune resistance and mediate tumor regression. This study describes the activity and safety of BMS-936558, a fully human mAb blocking PD-1, and highlights the importance of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as a target for cancer therapy. Methods: Patients (pts) received BMS-936558 IV Q2WK at doses of 0.1 to 10.0 mg/kg during dose-escalation and/or cohort expansion. Tumors were assessed by RECIST 1.0 after each therapy cycle (4 doses). Pts received up to 12 cycles or until PD or CR. Results: As of July 1, 2011, 240 pts with melanoma (MEL, n=95), renal cell (RCC, n=33), colorectal (CRC, n=19), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, n=75), castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC, n=17), and unknown (n=1) were treated. Median duration of therapy was 15 wk (max 120 wk). MTD was not reached. Grade 3-4 related AEs occurred in 13% of pts. AEs of special interest included pneumonitis, hypophysitis, hepatitis, colitis, and thyroiditis. There were 2 related deaths due to pulmonary toxicity. In evaluable pts receiving ≥2 cycles, OR (objective responses; CR or PR) were observed in MEL, RCC, and NSCLC. Aggregate response rates [(OR +unconfirmed PR)/evaluable pts] were: MEL (0.1-10 mg/kg, 20+4/90; 27%), RCC (1-10 mg/kg, 8+2/32; 31%), and NSCLC (1-10 mg/kg, 10+3/73; 18%). OR were durable: among 38 pts with OR, 28 were enrolled ≥1 yr before data lock, and 18 of these had responses lasting ≥1 yr. Ten pts on study &lt;1 yr had ongoing OR with a duration of 1.8 - 5.6 mo. Several pts had prolonged SD. Some had a persistent reduction in overall tumor burden in the presence of new lesions and were not categorized as responders. To assess PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) as a potential predictive biomarker, IHC was performed on pre-treatment tumor biopsies from 29 pts. Of 16 pts with PD-L1(+) tumors, 50% achieved OR vs. none with PD-L1(-). Conclusions: BMS-936558 produces durable activity in advanced NSCLC, MEL, and RCC. Preliminary data implicate PD-L1 expression on tumor cells as a potential predictive biomarker of response. These findings underscore the importance of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and support further clinical development of BMS-936558.
<i>QuickStats:</i> Percentage Distribution* of Adult Day Services Centers,<sup>†</sup> by Type of Service<sup>§</sup> — National Study of Long-Term Care Providers, 2016<sup>¶</sup>
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Only socialPrimarily social and some medical Equally social and medical Type of servicePrimarily medical and some social Only medical Percentage * With 95% confidence intervals indicated with error bars.† Adult day services centers 1) are licensed or certified by the state specifically to provide adult day services, or accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities, or authorized or otherwise set up to participate in Medicaid (Medicaid state plan, Medicaid waiver, Medicaid managed care), or part of a Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly; 2) have an average daily attendance of one or more participants based on a typical week; and 3) have one or more participants enrolled at the center at the designated location at the time of the survey.§ Respondents, who were typically center directors, were asked, "Which one of the following best describes the participant needs that the services of this center are designed to meet? a. ONLY social/recreation needs-NO health/medical needs; b.PRIMARILY social/recreational needs and SOME health/medical needs; c.EQUALLY social/recreational and health/medical needs; d.PRIMARILY health/medical needs and SOME social/recreational needs; e. ONLY health/medical needs-NO social/recreational needs." ¶ Adult day services centers with missing data were excluded.In 2016, four in 10 adult day services centers had services that were designed to meet both the social and medical needs of their enrolled participants equally.Approximately 31% of adult day services centers had services to meet primarily social needs and some medical needs of participants, 16% had services to meet only social needs, 13% had services to meet primarily medical needs and some social needs, and 1% had services to meet only medical needs.
DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF GONADOTROPINS
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pharmacologic Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal
Authors: Mark A. Marinella
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Mayo-Smith and colleagues<sup>1</sup>eloquently present an excellent evidence-based strategy to treat patients at risk for alcohol withdrawal. They correctly note that patients who consume large amounts of alcohol are frequently thiamine deficient and, as such, should receive oral or parenteral thiamine to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy. However, they do not mention the importance of administering thiamine prior to glucose, an action that may be important in preventing this syndrome in patients with marginal thiamine reserves. Hypoglycemia may cause seizure activity; therefore, it is imperative to exclude hypoglycemia as a cause of seizures in alcohol-dependent patients before incriminating alcohol withdrawal as a cause of seizure activity. Hypoglycemia is not uncommon in alcoholic patients and is typically due to poor carbohydrate intake, vomiting, and alcohol-induced inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis.<sup>2</sup>Thiamine should be administered prior to a glucose load because cases of Wernicke encephalopathy have been reported after glucose administration in
Drug Interaction
Authors: Murray Weiner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Years ago, the practice of medicine required much artful prescribing of multiple ingredients to be skillfully compounded specifically for individual patients. At least one ingredient was generally selected to attack each symptom. The phenomenon of synergism was often discussed and sought. Antagonism was recognized in the form of "antidotes," and some ingredients were added solely to control an undesired action while retaining the beneficial effect of other drugs. But there was no real understanding of how drugs interacted.Today, more of our drugs attack disease by way of its etiology or the basic mechanism of its pathophysiology, so that it . . .
ASSOCIATION NEWS.
Authors: Joseph Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>American Medical Association—Forty-first Annual Meeting.</h3> Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women. The officers of the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women respectfully request those who desire to read papers in that Section at the meeting of the American Medical Association to be held in Nashville, Tenn., May 20-23, to communicate the titles thereof to either of the undersigned not later than January 15, 1890.
TRANSMISSION OF BACILLUS OF TUBERCULOSIS THROUGH THE PLACENTA.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAT0352 Mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy- results from a swedish nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: C Dobloug, J Svensson, I Lundberg, M Holmqvist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Little is known about mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) compared to the general population, especially the risk development since diagnosis. In a recently published study, the 5-, and 10-year mortality was lower for IIM than previously reported, suggesting improved outcomes in recent years. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the mortality following IIM diagnosis in a nationwide population-based cohort of IIM patients diagnosed 2002–2011 compared to the general population. <h3>Methods</h3> We used nationwide fully covering health care registers to identify all individuals who were treated by a rheumatologist, neurologist, or dermatologist for IIM and who had a listing of IIM at ≥two visits within 1–12 months between 2002 and 2011, general population comparators, and death during follow up. We calculated mortality rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and compared the mortality in IIM to that in the general population using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, year of diagnosis, and residential area. <h3>Results</h3> During a median follow up of 4 years, 228 (31%) of the 733 IIM patients and during a median follow up of 6 years, 888 (12%) of the 7,340 general population comparators died. This corresponded to a crude mortality of 61/1,000 person-years in IIM, and 20/1,000 person-years in the comparators. The cumulative mortality at 1 year after diagnosis was 10% in IIM and 1% in the general population, at 5 years it was 24% in IIM and 7% in general population, and at 10 years the proportion was 31% and 12%. The overall hazard ratio (HR) (95% CI) of death comparing the NPR cohort and its comparator, was 3.5 (3.0–4.0). When restricting the outcome to cardiovascular disease-, cancer-, infection-, or pulmonary disease- specific death we noted increased mortality from all outcomes in IIM compared to the risk in the general population. When we stratified on time since diagnosis we noted an increased absolute and relative risk of death in the first year of diagnosis in particular for pulmonary disease and cancer, whereas cardiovascular mortality was a major cause of death also after 10 years after IIM diagnosis (table). <h3>Conclusions</h3> IIM patients are still at increased risk of death. The highest mortality was noted within a year of diagnosis due to pulmonary disease, cancer and cardiovascular disease which calls for extra vigilance with respect to comorbidities during the first year of IIM diagnosis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared