tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bradykinin improves postischaemic recovery in the rat heart: role of high energy phosphates, nitric oxide, and prostacyclin
Authors: P Zhu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: The aim was to define: (1) whether bradykinin administration during reperfusion improves postischaemic myocardial recovery; (2) whether high energy phosphate compounds are involved in the protective effects of bradykinin; and (3) whether bradykinin-induced release of prostacyclin and nitric oxide mediate the protective effects of bradykinin.Methods: In the Langendorff rat heart preparation, coronary flow, left ventricular developed pressure, and, using 3'P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the high energy phosphate compounds phosphocreatine and B-ATP were assessed during 15 min of global ischaemia and 30 min of reperfusion.Administration of 10m7 M bradykinin was started before ischaemia and maintained throughout the experiment (BK-pre).This was compared to 10e7 M bradykinin given exclusively with reperfusion (BK-post).Then 10e7 M bradykinin was given simultaneously with lOi' M Nw-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (BK-LNAME) or 10m5 M indomethacin (BK-indo).Results: In comparison to control hearts, BK-pre exerted a significant protective effect on the postischaemic recovery of coronary flow [71(5)% v 43(4)%, P < 0.051, left ventricular pressure [81(S)% v 42(5)%, P< 0.051, phosphocreatine [105(4)% v 67(g)%, P <0.05], and B-ATP [78(9)% v 48(7)%, P<O.O5].With BK-post, recovery of coronary flow [71(4)% v 43(4)%, P<O.O5] and left ventricular pressure [78(4)% v 42(5)%, P < 0.051 significantly improved; however the recovery of phosphocreatine [70(4)% v 67(g)%, NS] and B-ATP [58(2)% v 48(7)%, NS] was not different from control.When bradykinin and L-NAME or indomethacin was given the beneficial effects of bradykinin on ischaemic hearts were abolished.Conclusions: (1) Bradykinin improved postischaemic myocardial recovery when given before ischaemia or starting exclusively with reperfusion; (2) this was only partially related to a protective action on the high energy phosphate compounds during ischaemia; (3) the beneficial effects of bradykinin on ischaemic hearts are dependent from an unrestrained action of prostacyclin and nitric oxide.
Impact of follow-up testing on survival and health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients. A multicenter randomized controlled trial. The GIVIO Investigators
Authors: P. Ghezzi, S. Magnanini, M. Rinaldini, F. Berardi, G. Di Biagio, F. Testare, N. Tavoni, F. Schittulli, C. D'Amico, T. Pedicini, M. Fumagalli, G. Gritti, M. Braga, G. Marini, A. Zaniboni, D. Cosentino, C. Epifani, G. Gini, D. Perroni, F. Peradotto, M. Indelli, A. Santini, L. Isa, E. Aitini, G. Cavazzini, F. Smerieri, O. Nascimben, R. Busolin, G. Papaccio, E. Locatelli, M. Monti, E. Ghislandi, O. Gottardi, M. Majno, A. Pluchinotta, L. Armaroli, C. Confalonieri, P. Viola, L. Galletto, M. Sussio, B. Trolli, M. Biasio, A. Rolfo, G. Vaudano, M. R. Giolito, G. Ambrosini, L. Busana, M. Molteni, A. Richetti, E. Marubini, A. Piffanelli, B. Salvadori, G. Tognoni, P. Zola, A. Liberati, R. Fossati, B. E. Meyerowitz, V. Torri, G. Apolone, P. Mosconi, S. Marsoni, M. C. Liberati, A. Alexanian, R. Grilli, A. Nicolucci, N. Monferroni
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess prospectively the impact on survival and health-related quality of life of two follow-up protocols in patients with early breast cancer. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled clinical trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Multicenter study involving 26 general hospitals in Italy. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A consecutive sample of 1320 women younger than 70 years with stage I, II, and III unilateral primary breast cancer. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Patients were randomly assigned to an intensive surveillance, which included physician visits and performance of bone scan, liver echography, chest roentgenography, and laboratory tests at predefined intervals (n=655), or to a control regimen (n=665), in which patients were seen by their physicians at the same frequency but only clinically indicated tests were performed. Both groups received a yearly mammogram aimed at detecting contralateral breast cancer. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Primary end points were overall survival and health-related quality of life. <h3>Results.</h3> —Compliance to the two follow-up protocols was more than 80%. At a median follow-up of 71 months, no difference was apparent in overall survival with 132 deaths (20%) in the intensive group and 122 deaths (18%) in the control group. No significant differences were apparent in time to detection of recurrence between the two groups. Measurements of health-related quality of life (ie, overall health and quality-of-life perception, emotional well-being, body image, social functioning, symptoms, and satisfaction with care) at 6,12, 24, and 60 months of follow-up did not show differences by type of care received. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Results of this trial support the view that a protocol of frequent laboratory tests and roentgenography after primary treatment for breast cancer does not improve survival or influence health-related quality of life. Routine use of these tests should be discouraged. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1587-1592)
Renal arteriography in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Its use as a substitute for histopathologic biopsy
Authors: M. A. Bosniak
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Patients who present with widespread metastatic disease of renal origin are frequently difficult diagnostic problems. This is particularly true if urinary tract abnormality is not obvious. In the diagnosis of these cases renal arteriography can be used as a substitute modality for a histopathologic biopsy and thereby negate the need for extensive and expensive diagnostic testing.
Contents
Authors: Dai Miyazaki, Atsuki Fukushima, Yuichi Ohashi, Nobuyuki Ebihara, Eiichi Uchio, Shigeki Okamoto, Jun Shoji, Etsuko Takamura, Yayoi Nakagawa, Kenichi Namba, Hiroshi Fujishima, Aravind Haripriya, David Chang, Balakrishnan Vijayakumar, Agrawal Niraj, Madhu Shekhar, Singh Tanpreet, Srinivasan Aravind, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Hou Tram, Martin Witney, Jonathan Ruddle, Stuart Franzco, Paul Graham, Ivan Healey, David Franzco, Alex Mackey, Kathryn Burdon, Jamie Craig, Juliane Matlach, Pádraig Mulholland, Marketa Cilkova, Reena Chopra, Nilpa Shah, Tony Redmond, Steven Dakin, David Garway-Heath, Roger Anderson
Journal: Ophthalmology (2017)
Premenarchal breast nodules
Authors: R. D. Allaben
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In addition to the proper answers to the question regarding a breast nodule in a premenarchal girl (241:1621, 1979), I believe there is another cause of unilateral breast nodules. This is local self-trauma. It usually occurs in the breast opposite the child's handedness and often is seen when the child has a sibling or good friend who is beginning to experience normal breast development. The treatment is reassurance of the child as well as the parents.
Insulin oedema.
Authors: N R Bleach, P J Dunn, M E Khalafalla, B McConkey
Journal: BMJ (1979)

definite spontaneous activity but poor relaxation and severe contraction fasci- culation.Twitching was associated with a polyphasic unit of long duration firing about five times a second.Units were prolonged and polyphasic up to 3 mV.The interference pattern was reduced.We concluded that the quadri- ceps weakness was neurogenic and that the pattern of electrophysiological abnormality was consistent with motor neurone disease.Left radical pneumonectomy was performed with good clearance of lymph nodes from the mediastinum.The neoplasm was a large-cell carcinoma with a suspicion of adenocarcinomatous tubules in places.All fasciculation immediately resolved and pain in the knees disappeared.Six months later there was much less wasting of quadriceps and no fasciculation.Right quadriceps and hamstrings were slightly weak but the left leg was normal.Reflexes in the legs were normal and plantar responses flexor.Clubbiing was reduced, and the gynaecomastia had gone.Electromyography of the right vastus medialis and rectus femoris showed no fibrillation or fasciculation and, though the interference pattern was mildly reduced, the motor units looked normal.Some polyphasic units were seen in the right tibialis anterior but they were not prolonged or increased in amplitude.There was no evidence of a lower motor neurone lesion. CommentCarcinomatous neuromyopathies occur in 16", of men with bron- chial carcinoma.;Brain et al reported on 11 patients with a syndrome indistinguishable from motor neurone disease-though running a more benign course-associated with malignancy.' Five had bronchial carcinoma, one of whom partially improved after resection.They concluded that motor neurone disease may be a manifestation of carcinomatous neuromyopathy.Our patient achieved complete remission, which we believe suggests a causal relation between the carcinoma and the neurological syndrome.
The Clinical Pharmacology of Antineoplastic Agents
Authors: Bruce A. Chabner, Charles E. Myers, C. Norman Coleman, David G. Johns
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE emergence of oncology as a medical subspecialty has been closely allied to the development of effective antineoplastic chemotherapy. Basic research into tumor-cell biochemistry and the effects of various antitumor agents have contributed markedly to this effort, and in recent years clinical pharmacology has become increasingly important in dealing with problems of host toxicity, tumor sensitivity and resistance, and therapeutic scheduling. It is the purpose of this article to review recent advances in the pharmacology of this class of drugs, emphasizing the factors that are likely to influence the clinical effectiveness of antineoplastic therapy.MethotrexateSince . . .
Alcohol-related hospitalizations of elderly people. Prevalence and geographic variation in the United States
Authors: W. L. Adams
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the prevalence, geographic variation, and charges to Medicare of alcohol-related hospitalizations among elderly people in the United States. <h3>Design.</h3> —A cross-sectional prevalence study using 1989 hospital claims data from the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA). Rates were determined using (1) hospital claims records from the HCFA's Medicare Provider Analysis and Review Record (MEDPAR) database for all Medicare Part A beneficiaries aged 65 years and older; (2) county population estimates for 1985 from the Bureau of the Census; and (3) per capita consumption of alcohol by state in 1989 as estimated by the US Department of Health and Human Services. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Data include all hospital inpatient Medicare Part A beneficiaries aged 65 years and older in the United States in 1989. <h3>Results.</h3> —The prevalence of alcohol-related hospitalizations among people aged 65 years and older nationally in 1989 was 54.7 per 10 000 population for men and 14.8 per 10000 for women. Comparison with hospital records showed that MEDPAR data had a sensitivity of 77% to detect alcohol-related hospitalizations. There was considerable geographic variation; prevalence ranged from 18.9 per 10 000 in Arkansas to 77.0 per 10 000 in Alaska. A strong correlation existed between alcohol-related hospitalizations and per capita consumption of alcohol by state (Spearman correlation coefficient,.64;<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). In 1989, the hospital-associated charges to Medicare for all admissions where the primary diagnosis was alcohol related (N=33 039) totaled $233 543 500. Median charge per hospital stay was $4514. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Alcohol-related hospitalizations among elderly people are common; rates were similar to those for myocardial infarction as detected by the same method. The charges to Medicare for this preventable problem are considerable. Ecological analysis suggests that per capita consumption in the total US population predicts alcohol-related hospitalizations in the elderly population. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1222-1225)
Hyperlipidemia due to oxymetholone therapy. Occurrence in a long-term hemodialysis patient
Authors: R. D. Reeves
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Marked hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia accompanied by angina and a left cerebral thrombosis occurred in a long-term hemodialysis patient following 5 1/2 weeks of oral treatment with oxymetholone, 100 mg/day, a synthetic androgen. After androgen therapy was discontinued, over a three-month period, plasma lipid values progressively decreased below pretreatment values, and clinical symptoms disappeared. During rechallenge with oxymetholone, serum lipid values increased substantially, and the lipoprotein pattern changed from a type IV to a type V. Detailed lipid studies showed subnormal postheparin lipolytic activity and a fast-migrating pre-β-lipoprotein in the very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) fraction. Because of the data linking lipid abnormalities to atherosclerosis and the acceleration of atherosclerosis in long-term hemodialysis patients, great caution should be exercised in administering androgenic steroids to these patients. (<i>JAMA</i>236:469-472, 1976)
Failure of ketoconazole in cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: J. R. Perfect
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Ketoconazole was used to treat an indolent case of cryptococcal meningitis that had not completely responded to a course of standard therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine. Despite treatment with 600 mg/day of ketoconazole for seven months and adequate serum and CSF concentrations, the patient suffered a relapse while still receiving the drug. After the relapse, the condition responded to a higher-than-standard dose course of amphotericin B and flucytosine. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:3349-3351)
I will be taking the Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board test part 2 next summer. How should I prepare my CV for getting a clinical attachment?
Authors: John Adsett
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone (www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone) for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site.
Generation and Characterization of Aerosols and Vapors for Inhalation Experiments
Authors: M. I. Tillery, G. O. Wood, H. J. Ettinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Control of aerosol and vapor characteristics that affect the toxicity of inhaled contaminants often determines the methods of generating exposure atmospheres. Generation methods for aerosols and vapors are presented. The characteristics of the resulting exposure atmosphere and the limitations of the various generation methods are discussed. Methods and instruments for measuring the airborne contaminant with respect to various charcteristics are also described.
Study ESOGIA-GFPC 08-02: Phase III, randomized, multicenter trial involving subjects over age 70 with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer and comparing a “classical” strategy of treatment allocation (dual-agent therapy based on carboplatin or monotherapy with docetaxel alone), based on performance status and age, with an “optimized” strategy allocating the same treatments according to a simplified geriatric screening scale, plus a more thorough geriatric evaluation if necessary.
Authors: R. Corre, C. Chouaid, F. Barlesi, H. Le Caer, E. Dansin, A. Vergnenegre, P. Fournel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

TPS219 Background: Oncogeriatry has grown fast, it’s recommended to use comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to predict the patient’s vulnerability, treatment tolerance.The integration of CGA’s results in treatment decision making and in the choice of type of treatment does not remain clearly defined. Methods: We compare a treatment algorithm based on PS and age in arm A with an optimized algorithm based on an abbreviated GA(aGA) plus or more a CGA in arm B. In arm B, if the aGA results are normal, the patient is treated with 4 cycles of dual-agent therapy (carboplatin AUC 5 D1 + pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 D1 q21D if non epidermoid histology, carboplatin AUC5 D1 + gemcitabin 1000 mg/m2 D1-D8 q21D if epidermoid histology), with no further GA. When the aGA reveals abnormalities, a CGA is used to define two subpopulations on Balducci’s fragility scale, who will receive either monotherapy (docetaxel 38 mg/m2, D1-D8 q21D) or best supportive care. In arm A, the same dual agent therapy or monotherapy will be allocated but according only to PS and age. For the aGA, we’re using: charlson’s score, PS, ADL, IADL, the mini-MMSE, GDS 5, we’re searching repeated falls, fecal or urinary incontinence. For the CGA, we are evalating also: mini-MMS of Folstein, nutritional status, IRIS QoL pain, motor status. Objectives: primary endpoint: Time to treatment failure TTF(progression, unacceptable toxicity), secondary endpoints: QoL (LCSS, EuroQol), ORR, OS, toxicities. Statistics: For an improvement of TTF of 30% in arm B compare to arm A, hazards ratio of 1.30, a 5% risk (bilateral), an 80% power, 5% of lost patients, the total number of subjects to enroll is 490 (245 patients by arm). Calendar: Number of patients to include: 490 from January 2010 to December 2012. As of 31/01/2011, 149 patients are enrolled in this study.
Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum after scuba diving
Authors: D. M. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SPONTANEOUS pneumoperitoneum is an unusual condition that, to our knowledge, has not been reported as a consequence of scuba diving. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 29-year-old man, who was underwater cave diving at a depth of 30 m for 1 1/2 hours, was forced to make an emergency ascent without taking the recommended decompression stops. Within one hour of surfacing, he began to experience pain in his right elbow, left shoulder, and left hip; he also had a bilateral frontal headache. In the hospital emergency room, the patient reported having no visual symptoms, weakness, sensory loss, chest pain, dyspnea, or abdominal pain. Decompression sickness was diagnosed, and he submitted to a recompression regimen. Postero-anterior and lateral chest roentgenograms showed the presence of pneumoperitoneum without pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, or subcutaneous air. A left lateral decubitus film confirmed the presence of free air in the abdomen as well as emphysematous bullae in the
ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction—Executive Summary
Authors: Elliott M. Antman, Daniel T. Anbe, Paul Wayne Armstrong, Eric R. Bates, Lee A. Green, Mary Hand, Judith S. Hochman, Harlan M. Krumholz, Frederick G. Kushner, Gervasio A. Lamas, Charles J. Mullany, Joseph P. Ornato, David L. Pearle, Michael A. Sloan, Sidney C. Smith, Elliott M. Antman, Sidney C. Smith, Joseph S. Alpert, Jeffrey L. Anderson, David P. Faxon, Valentin Fuster, Raymond J. Gibbons, Gabriel Gregoratos, Jonathan L. Halperin, Loren F. Hiratzka, Sharon Ann Hunt, Alice K. Jacobs, Joseph P. Ornato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Erratum: Smac mimetics: implications for enhancement of targeted therapies in leukemia
Authors: E Weisberg, A Ray, R Barrett, E Nelson, A L Christie, D Porter, C Straub, L Zawel, J F Daley, S Lazo-Kallanian, R Stone, I Galinsky, D Frank, A L Kung, J D Griffin
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
<i>Erratum:</i> Vol. 70, No. 8
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

In the report "Clusters of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Elementary School Educators and Students in One School District -Georgia, December 2020-January 2021," on page 289, in the first full paragraph of the second column, the second sentence should have read "During this period, COVID-19 incidence (7-day cumulative number of new cases per 100,000 persons) in Cobb County, Georgia, increased almost 300%, from 194 to 704 cases."On the same page, the ¶ footnote should have read "Incidence was calculated as a 7-day cumulative incidence per 100,000 persons using date reported and included persons with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction or antigen testing."
Acupuncture Literature
Authors: Kwan Yeung Chan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Four articles appeared last year in the September and December issues of<i>Hung Chi</i>(Red Flag magazine), an official publication of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in the People's Republic of China. Three of these appeared in No. 9, 1971, with titles "Why is surgical operation possible under acupuncture anesthesia?" (by the Shanghai Acupuncture Anesthesia Cooperative Group, pp 59-69), "On the mechanism of acupuncture anesthesia" (by the People's Liberation Army Main Hospital, pp 70-74), and "Exploring the mechanism of the analgesic effect of acupuncture anesthesia" (by the People's Liberation Army Canton Unit Main Hospital, pp 75-79). An editor's note with the title "On the discussion of theoretical explanations of acupuncture anesthesia" was given preceding these. In the No. 12 issue, 1971, a fourth article also appeared with the title "Acupuncture points, meridians, and the mechanism of acupuncture anesthesia" (by the Peking Acupuncture Anesthesia Cooperative Group,
OUTBREAKS OF MALIGNANT DIPHTHERIA.
Journal: JAMA (1888)

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J Laboratory &amp;amp; Clinical Medicine, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

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