tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
JAMA 75 YEARS AGO
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician manpower and distribution. The primary care physician
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 1993 JAMA Peer Reviewers List
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PWE-264 Blood lipidomic profiling of hepatocellular carcinoma in human and animal studies identifies lysophosphatidylcholine (24, 0, 0), a discriminatory biomarker
Authors: M I F Shariff, M R Lewis, E J Want, H C Keun, F Mohamed, R Jalan, N G Ladep, M M Crossey, S A Khan, E Holmes, S D Taylor-Robinson
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The liver is a hub of lipid metabolism and previous studies have shown liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to be associated with altered blood lipid profiles. The primary aim of this study was to examine the lipid profile of HCC in an animal model and to compare findings to changes observed in human populations in an attempt to identify novel lipid tumour biomarkers. <h3>Methods</h3> Plasma samples were obtained from a Fisher rat model of HCC (n=7) and healthy controls (n=8). Serum and plasma samples were obtained from patients with HCC and cirrhosis from UK (n=3 and 4) and Nigerian (n=5 and 5) cohorts. All samples were analysed using ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), optimised using in-house developed dichloromethane lipid extraction protocols. Data were processed using XCMS software followed by multivariate analysis to identify lipids most discriminatory between disease groups. <h3>Results</h3> In the rat model, multivariate statistical modelling was robust in classifying animals with HCC from healthy controls. In the human studies, multivariate analyses of lipid profiles were less robust in distinguishing HCC from cirrhosis. Lysophosphatidylcholine (24, 0, 0) (LPC), a major cellular membrane component, was identified as most contributory to all multivariate models. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Altered global lipid profiles were robust in discriminating HCC from healthy controls in a Fisher rat model, but less so in parallel human studies. Differences in LPC (24, 0, 0) were present in all studies, which may indicate heightened altered tumour cell turnover as a result of HCC growth. The increased plasma concentrations of LPC in HCC in both species suggests that this molecule may be a robust marker as a lipid tumour biomarker of HCC and requires further validation in lager studies with respect to disease classification and response to therapeutic intervention. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Clinical interventions in tobacco control. A National Cancer Institute training program for physicians
Authors: M. Manley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

SMOKING is the leading preventable cause of death in our country. Smoking kills 434 000 people a year, more than 1000 every day<sup>1</sup>; it accounts for about 85% of all lung cancer deaths, about 80% of all chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths, and 30% of all heart disease deaths. In addition, smoking costs this country $52 billion annually in health care and other costs.<sup>2</sup> In spite of the magnitude of this health hazard, most physicians have never received training in techniques to help patients stop smoking. Many physicians believe they are unprepared and unsuccessful in treating patients addicted to nicotine.<sup>3,4</sup>However, recent scientific evidence suggests that physicians can help smokers stop and thus reduce the incidence of smoking-related diseases. In 1989, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) used clinical trial results and consensus development to produce recommendations for physicians who treat patients
The ecologic method in the study of environmental health. II. Methodologic issues and feasibility.
Authors: S D Walter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

This paper reviews some methodological aspects of ecologic studies of human health, with emphasis on investigations of environmental quality. A recent census of Canadian and U.S. data sets potentially suitable for this type of study is summarized. It is concluded that despite the considerable utility of the ecologic design for this purpose, substantial practical difficulties are common in their implementation. Particular problems are the relative scarcity of relevant environmental data and complications associated with rendering them compatible with health data.
The Bradshaw Lecture on Antiseptics in Surgery
Authors: J. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1885)

INSTANOES of great success in the use of the carbolic spray and gauze method have occurred to most surgeons who have practised it.One instance occurred in my practice, which I will occupy a few minutes in relating.A youth, aged 16, was sent to me with an enormous abscess, filling the left abdominal and lumbar regions, and extending under Poupart's ligament as far down as the knee.It was associated with a prominent projection of the third lumbar spinous process.The patient was much emaciated, and very weak, while much hectic fever and depression gave evidence of the approach of a fatal termination.The tumour was aspirated several times, but a semisolid pulpy mass of ddbris, which would not pass the aspirating tube, always remained, and the pus reaccumulated rapidly.I then, with all the precautions possible, and under the spray, made a free incision outside the pro- minent lumbar spinous process, evacuated, by gentle sponge-pressure, the pulpy and other contents of the abscess, and found and removed a piece of exfoliated bone from the side of the body of the diseased vertebra Very little discharge of any kind afterwards appeared.The patient was placed on an inclined plane, with the shoulders lower than the pelvis and legs, a bandage was placed on the leg and abdomen, and double extension was applied to the feet.He recovered rapidly, and the thin discharge which followed was aseptic throughout, without even a sour smell.The patient is now walking about well, with the wound quite healed.This case illustrates forcibly the remarkable power which carbolic acid possesses in preventing the formation of pus-cells.A similar effect is seen in its action upon granulating surfaces.If continued after cicatrisation commences, it retards the progress of healing by destroying (when in a more or less concentrated form) the epidermal nuclei.Then the discontinuance of the carbolic applications accelerates healing.This property seems to be not entirely dependent upon its antiseptic power.Nitrate of silver possesses ten times its antiseptic power, but, as is well known, it promotes the cicatrisation of a sore.The sulphates of copper and iron, with four times its antiseptic power, also promote cicatrisation.Carbolic acid, especially in the form of spray, but also when the solution is simply injected, has, again, the advantage of giving off its vapour at the temperature of the body, so that it enters and fills abscess and empyemic cavities, sinuses, and burrowing tracks, where putrefaction may be lurking, to spread again septic influence.The more solid non-vapourisable antiseptics, even though more powerful in direct contact, cannot do this.On the other hand, the vaporisable nature of carbolic acid, and of some other antiseptics, makes them more difficult to retain in the dressings.Although, by the use of paraffin and resin, with its jacqurnette covering, Sir Joseph
Studies on induced influenza in man. II. Double-blind study designed to assess the prophylactic efficacy of an analogue of amantadine hydrochloride
Authors: A. T. Dawkins
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A single double-blind study conducted with 55 volunteers showed clearly that Exp 126 (alpha-methyl-1-adamantanemethylamine hydrochloride, rimantadine hydrochloride), an analogue of amantadine hydrochloride, reduced the occurrence and severity of artificially induced Asian influenza in humans. The infection (or seroconversion) rate in the drug-dosed and placebo-dosed groups was almost 100%, although the increase in serum neutralizing antibody levels was significantly less in the Exp 126-dosed subjects. The infecting influenza virus was recovered only from placebo-dosed controls. Probable untoward reactions from the drug occurred in three volunteers. Two related drugs, amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride are now available for the prevention of Asian influenza.
Mechanisms for Induction of Mutations and Chromosome Alterations
Authors: A. T. Natarajan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Genotoxic agents induce chromosomal alterations, such as aberrations, micronuclei, and sister chromatid exchanges as well as mutations both in vivo and in vitro.Ionizing radiation and typical radiomimmetic agents such as bleomycin are very efficient inducers of chromosomal aberrations.The type of aberrations induced by these agents are cell-cycle dependent, i.e., chromosome type in pre-replication stages and chromatid type in post-replication stages of the cell cycle.Under optimal DNA repair conditions, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) appear to be the most important lesion responsible for the production of aberrations.In human lymphocytes, fast-repairing DSBs lead to exchange-type aberrations.The fact that the dose-response curves for induction of exchange aberrations induced by ionizing radiation are similar in vitro and in vivo allows one to use the yield of induced aberrations to estimate absorbed radiation dose in the case of accidents.In this respect, frequencies of translocations detected by the chromosome painting technique appear to be more sensitive.Mutations do not express immediately after exposure and require an expression time before they can be detected.In humans, it is estimated that for the mutations induced in bone marrow, it takes about 2 months for them to express and to be detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes.Hence, frequency of mutations is of limited value for estimating radiation doses immediately after an accident.This holds true for chemical exposure as well.Most of the lesions induced by chemical mutagens (such as alkylating agents) are converted into aberrations only during the S phase of the cell cycle, and therefore an intervening DNA synthesis following exposure is necessary for the visualization of aberrations.These agents induce mainly the chromatid-type aberrations and are also very efficient in inducing sister chromatid exchanges.Chemical mutagens are more efficient in inducing gene mutations than ionizing radiations.In monitoring human populations, mutations in the hprt locus in peripheral lymphocytes and hemoglobin mutations as well as glycophorin mutations in erythrocytes can be studied.The hprt mutations and glycophorin mutations can arise from single base-pair changes to large deletions, whereas hemoglobin mutations arise from changes in a single codon.
A Correction
Authors: Scienzce By, F Allan, D Revised
Journal: BMJ (1914)

TREATMENT OF CHRONIC EMPYEMA.COUNTRY DOCTOR would like any suggestions in prognosis and treatment (including vaccines) of chronic empyema of four years' duration in a man aged 61.At present there are two sinuses; tubes are kept in, and a daily douche of weak carbolic and iodine used. ANSWERS.THE FLY NUISANCE.MR. A. CHRISTIE SMART (dispenser, of Cowes) states that during a plague of flies last year he used a 20 per cent.solution of formaldehyde, which he sprayed with a nebuliser on to the top of the windows.The solution can also be used in a glass syringe for syringing windows and ledges.ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS.DR.W. J. YOUNG (Harston, Cambridge) writes, in reply to " Medico's " inquiry about ulcers of the mucous membrane of the mouth, as follows: I think if he touched eacht newlyformed ulcer with pure nitric acid (on a wooden match) he would be pleased with the result.The pain of application, though exquisite, is but momentary, the subsequent relief from pain complete, and cure rapid.EXAMINATION FOR M.D.DURH.IN reply to several correspondents, we may say that we are advised that the following books are suitable for a candidate preparing for the M.D. examination of the Uniiversity of Durbam for practitioners of fifteen years' staniding: Thle
Medical News
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
British Medical Journal
Journal: BMJ (1914)

OBSCUtREl DISEASES.THl', amiiount of interest attaching at the present timne to the study of -venereal diseases and their effects on tlhe health of the commiiiiiunity is reflected not onlv in the restrained tlhouiglh earniest discussion of the matter in thie lay press, but also by the appointment of a Royal Commission to collect information anid make practical suggestions tlhereon.it would, perhaps, be idle to assert that the coIn- positioni of the Commission lhas given iuii-ersal satisfaction; but it has to be reemebered tlhat tle of the famiilv, wheii perforimed, w-as positive also, .
Preseason Football May Be Lengthened
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chromatographic evidence of polychlorinated biphenyl exposure from a spill
Authors: W. J. Rogan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Women who were part of a study in which polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in breast milk were exposed accidentally to a PCB spill. While the overall level of PCBs found in their milk was not different from background levels, the chromatograms showed unusual peaks that indicate the presence of heavily chlorinated PCBs of the kind that were spilled. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1057-1058)
Benefits and Risks of Screening Mammography in Women With BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations
Authors: Jayant S. Vaidya
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In the provisional recommendations for follow-up care of individuals with inherited predisposition to cancer,<sup>1</sup>annual mammography is recommended beginning between the ages of 25 and 35 years, based on "expert opinion" only. This might have seemed reasonable but for the publication, 1 month later, of 2 reports in<i>Nature</i><sup>2,3</sup>and an accompanying commentary<sup>4</sup>which reveal that<i>BRCA</i>genes, acting as "caretakers," are of great importance in DNA repair. Consequently, a person lacking functional<i>BRCA</i>genes would be exquisitely sensitive to even small amounts of ionizing radiation. Would an expert now want to subject these women to the hazard of mammography?
Microbiology and Molecular Genetics
Authors: Eradication Pylori, A Smonl, M Buckley, H Hamilton, S Heattie, Martina Ringntr, Asa Ljungh, D Tompkins, C Mcnulty, S Hazell
Journal: Gut (1995)

Introduction.The 13C_urea breath test ( 1304151) is an accurate method to non invasrvely detect the actual presence of Helicobacter py4ol (H.p.) Infection.For assessment of eradication, 13C-UBT Is currently performed, as suggested for other accurate methods such as histology.urease test and culteur, four weeks after treatment withdrawl in order to avoid fase negatve results due to partial suppression of the Infection and subsequent recolonization.However there are at present no studies considering the posailty that an accuate medhod such as 13C-UBT could detect true eradication at an eadlr gage.Aim.To detemilne whether 13CUEBT is capable to assess H.p. adiation euller than the conventionally adopted four week Intenral after the end of tre ent.Methoda.58 patients (31 males, 27 femaes; range age 2549.mean age 48 yms) with non.ulcer dyspepsia and H.p. Infection, partecipating in an ongoing mndomied double blind, double dummy eradication study, underwnt upper Gl endoscopy and were evaluated by urease test, histology and culture before treatment and four weeks after withdrawing medicadions.13CUBT was perfomed (Euopean standard protocol, positive result -excess 6 13CO2 excretion>5 per ml) before tretment and every week for four weeks after withdawig modki ons Resuts. in 23 out of 58 patients H.p. eradication was established at four wees after Uteatm by negative urease test, histoogy.cultu and 13uT (e s 613002 excretdon-1.65±tO.17(mean:±SE)per ml).In l 23 pae in whom medication was assessed at four weeks after tremnt he 13 BT was dy negative at one week (excess 6 13C02 mmcreton-1.720.18(men±SE) per ml).An d bt 3 patients in whom successful eradicaon wee not achived the C wa POsitive since the first week (excess 6 13C02 excrtion-21.49*3.22 (menSE) per ml). 3 patients had a negative tes at one week (aec '3C r d on-1.5±0.7(mean±SE) per mil) which homwer tumed to be poeit at the ond week evaluation (excess 6 13C02 eCreo 11.5±28 (en±SE) per m .Conclusions: 13C%UBT can assess Helkcobcter pylod eradlcaton as soon as one week after treatment withdrawl.When perormed at two weel It sh the same sentMity and specificity of the test performed at four weeks after withdrawing medications.
Cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation and positive end-expiratory pressure
Authors: C. S. L'Hommedieu
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent report by the Council on Scientific Affairs<sup>1</sup>is a succinct review of a complicated subject. The recommendations on mammography agree with recommendations from the American Cancer Society and the American College of Radiology. However, the costs of these recommendations were not discussed. The report states, "If every woman older than 40 years under-went annual mammography, 7,500 cancer deaths could be prevented each year." In the San Francisco Bay Area, the charges for bilateral xeroradiographic mammography are at least $150. There are at least 40 million American women older than 40 years, and if each were screened yearly, the charge for screening mammography would be $6 billion (or somewhat less if there were some economy of scale)! This translates into a cost of approximately $800,000 per life saved. This only considers mammography costs, and does not include office visits, the costs of biopsies on those who