tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal Ultrastructural and Biochemical Injuries Induced by Aminoglycosides
Authors: Constantin Cojocel, N. Docius, Keizo Maita, Jacqueline H. Smith, Jerry B. Hook
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Aminoglycoside-induced proteinuria may result from general renal damage or may reflect alterations in specific steps in the renal handling of proteins. To differentiate between the two possibilities, experiments were designed to quantify the effects of nephrotoxic doses of gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin in the intact rat, isolated perfused rat kidney (IPK) and kidney slices using the cationic low molecular weight protein lysozyme as a model protein. Each aminoglycoside was administered IP to male Wistar rats (15 or 30 mg/kg/day) for 5 or 7 days. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicated that gentamicin and tobramycin induced a decrease in the number and diameter of endothelial fenestrae and degranulation of the myoepithelioid cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Concurrently, gentamicin and tobramycin decrease the glomerular sieving coefficient of lysozyme from 0.8 to 0.6 and 0.5, respectively. Netilmicin did not affect the percentage reabsorption of lysozyme whereas gentamicin and tobramycin induced a 50% decrease in lysozyme reabsorption by the IPK. Gentamicin and tobramycin decreased equally lysozyme degradation by the IPK; this decrease was time- and dose-dependent when evaluated in slices from renal cortex. Perfusion of rat kidneys with gentamicin induced a dose-dependent decrease in reabsorption and catabolism of lysozyme. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that polycationic aminoglycosides alter ultrastructure and glomerular permeability, tubular reabsorption and intracellular digestion of proteins.
Arterial Oxygenation
Authors: Fredrick K. Orkin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report by Sinha et al, warns that reduced "arterial oxygenation," already well-described after nonthoracic injury, may also occur following central nervous system (CNS) trauma. Yet, their conclusions are based upon inadequate documentation resulting from poor study design. Their interest in arterial oxygenation apparently arose retrospectively for their only measurement was oxygen tension (Po<sub>2</sub>), which is insufficient for the assessment of oxygenation. The term implies tissue oxygen availability that is quantitated (per minute) as the product of the hemoglobin oxygen saturation (So<sub>2</sub>), cardiac output, hemoglobin value, and a constant.<sup>1</sup>Since the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is almost "flat" down to 60 torr, there is little<i>physiological</i>difference between most of the measured oxygen pressures (eg, 60 torr = 91% saturation, 95 torr = 97% saturation). Presumably the authors had simultaneous hemoglobin values, and the hemoglobin oxygen saturation values may be approximated from the measured oxygen pressures with
Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Activation in Adrenocortical Adenomas Is Frequently due to Somatic CTNNB1-Activating Mutations, Which Are Associated with Larger and Nonsecreting Tumors: A Study in Cortisol-Secreting and -Nonsecreting Tumors
Authors: Stéphane Bonnet, Sébastien Gaujoux, Pierre Launay, Camille Baudry, Ilham Chokri, Bruno Ragazzon, Rossella Libé, Fernande René-Corail, Anne Audebourg, Marie-Cécile Vacher-Lavenu, Lionel Groussin, Xavier Bertagna, Bertrand Dousset, Jérôme Bertherat, Frédérique Tissier
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Background Abnormal β-catenin immunohistochemistry and mutations of the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1) have been reported in adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs), but the frequencies of these defects and the phenotype of such tumors have not been clearly determined. Objective The objective of the study was to describe the Wnt/β-catenin pathway alterations in 100 ACAs and their association with clinicopathological characteristics. Patients and methods One hundred consecutive ACAs (excluding Conn’s adenomas) were studied clinically by β-catenin immunohistochemistry and direct sequencing of CTNNB1. Results Thirty-five ACAs were nonsecreting adenomas (NSAs), 19 were subclinical cortisol secreting adenomas (SCSAs), and 46 were cortisol secreting adenomas (CSAs). Fifty-one tumors had abnormal cytoplasmic and/or nuclear β-catenin immunohistochemical staining, indicating Wnt/β-catenin pathway alteration. Thirty-six tumors showed CTNNB1 mutations, which all showed abnormal immunohistochemical β-catenin accumulation. Among the 64 nonmutated tumors, only 15 (23%) showed cytoplasmic and/or nuclear β-catenin staining (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Tumors with CTNNB1 mutations were predominantly nonsecreting (61% NSAs, 22% SCSAs, 16% CSAs) whereas nonmutated tumors were predominantly secreting (20% NSAs, 17% SCSAs, 62% CSAs) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Mean tumor size and weight were, respectively, 4.2 cm (±1.2) and 28.4 g (±21.1) for tumors with CTNNB1 mutations vs. 3.4 cm (±0.9) and 18.2 g (±8.1) for nonmutated tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Conclusions Abnormal cytoplasmic and/or nuclear β-catenin immunohistochemical staining occurs in about half of ACAs. This suggests the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which could be explained by activating mutations of CTNNB1 in 70% of the cases. CTNNB1 mutations are mainly observed in larger and nonsecreting ACAs, suggesting that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation is associated with the development of less differentiated ACAs.
Early Feeding Benefit Prematures
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BACTERIOPHAGE WATER PURIFICATION
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Cover
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Necropsy Survey of Staphylococcal Infection on Patients Dying in Hospitals: A Report from the Public Health Laboratory Service
Authors: R Baldwin, R Bishton, R Clay, J Faulds, R Goodbody, G Hall, H Harding, R Huntsman, J Lacey, G Lynch, H Miller, C Pike, J Pinkerton, D Pryce, H Rice, H Richards, J Shea, G Smith, M Thomas, K Turk, A Varrack, J Archer, T Brogan, B Cadness-Graves, J Croll, D Davies, E Gillespie, E Glencross, K Hughes, M Hughes, R Hutchinson, C Jellard, P Mann, E Mitchell, B Moore, R Pilsworth, R Williams, P Wormald, H Cayton, R Henderson, J Mcdonald, M Parker
Journal: BMJ (1966)
Anesthesiology
Authors: Paul Barash
Journal: JAMA (1992)

1992 marks the 150th anniversary of an important contribution of American medicine to humankind: the discovery of anesthesia. On March 30,1842, Dr Crawford Long successfully administered ether anesthesia to his patient James Venable to remove a tumor of the neck. Progress continues to be made by anesthesiologists to provide for the well-being of the anesthesized patient in a safe, cost-effective fashion. Due to concerns for hemodynamic instability, neonates have received modest, if any, anesthesia for surgical procedures. Commonly, this results in "light anesthesia" with a muscle relaxant administered for immobilization. Anand and Hickey<sup>1</sup>in a randomized, prospective study addressed the question of whether deeper levels of anesthesia, by blunting the neonatal stress response to pain, improve clinical outcome. Using neonates undergoing cardiac operations, light anesthesia (halothane-morphine) was compared to "deep anesthesia" (the opioid sufentanil). The deeply anesthetized infants had a significantly lower mortality rate than the light anesthesia group
Sternal plate for repair of pectus excavatum.
Journal: BMJ (1968)

We have seen severe candida infection in the peritoneum of another patient who came to one of these meetings about 18 months ago-a patient of Professor Fraser's -and it is of interest, I think, that she also had had immunosuppressive drugs.While doing routine cultures of peritoneal fluid on all patients who are on peritoneal dialysis we have turned up some candida infections, and these patients have had vomiting and some abdominal pain.They have been treated on two or three occasions very efficiently with amphotericin B in a small intraperitoneal dose in terms of clearing the culture and remission of the vomiting.Dr. HOBBS: One point I would stress is that although she may have had defective humoral immunity the main defence to candidiasis is thought to be cellular immunity.Defective cellular immunity is present right at the beginning of these diseases and does not respond to treatment as far as we know.Professor BOOTH: Unfortunately, despite heroic efforts, this lady died.I think we'll end there.
Association of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) gene expression (GE) with outcome in stage II-III esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) patients treated with preoperative platinum-based chemoradiation (CRT) in a phase II cooperative group study (SWOG S0356).
Authors: P. O. Bohanes, B. H. Goldman, L. P. Leichman, C. D. Blanke, S. Iqbal, C. R. Thomas, C. L. Corless, K. G. Billingsley, K. D. Danenberg, W. Zhang, J. K. Benedetti, P. J. Gold, H. Lenz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4023 Background: Preoperative platinum-based CRT for operable esophageal cancer has improved overall survival (OS) compared to surgery alone. The phase II SWOG S0356 trial designed to test oxaliplatin (OXP) plus infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and external beam radiation prior to surgery for potentially curable EA has produced promising centrally confirmed complete pathologic response (pCR) rate (28.2%). 2-year OS was 55.4%. We tested whether intratumoral GE levels in drug metabolism (DPD, GSTPi, TS and TP) and DNA repair (ERCC1 and XPD) predicted clinical outcome (CO). We also tested whether specific pattern of 13 polymorphisms in 8 genes (drug metabolism [GSTP, MTHFR and TS] and DNA repair [ERCC1, RAD51, XPD, XRCC1 and XRCC3]) predicted CO. Methods: A total of 92 patients from the S0356 study were eligible for the molecular correlative study. mRNA was extracted from laser-capture-microdissected tumor tissue. After cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription, quantitation of the candidate genes and an internal reference gene (ß-actin) was performed using a fluorescence-based real-time detection method (TaqMan). Established GE cutoffs were tested (ERCC1 <1.7 x 10-3; TS <4.0 x 10-3). DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Results: In univariate analysis, we found ERCC1 GE levels to be significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. Patients with high ERCC1 GE levels had worse 2-year PFS (17 vs 67%, p=0.0058) and 2-year OS (37 vs 72%, p=0.047) compared to low GE levels. Adjustment for baseline characteristics did not affect the results. ERCC1 GE levels were not associated with pCR. All the other GE levels tested did not show significant association with CO. None of the tested polymorphisms showed any association with CO. Conclusions: Our data suggest that GE levels of ERCC1 may help to identify patients with stage II-III EA likely to experience longer survival when treated with preoperative OXP-based CRT. Based on these and published data, the SWOG is planning a prospective biomarker-driven clinical trial.
Correction: Flock Workers' Lung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Corrections2 February 1999Correction: Flock Workers' LungFREESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-3-199902020-00024 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In a recent paper on flock workers' lung (1), the heading of the seventh column of Table 1 should read “Job History through January 1998,” not 1988.Reference1. Kern DG, Crausman RS, Durand KT, Nayer A, Kuhn C. Flock workers' lung: chronic interstitial lung disease in the nylon flocking industry. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:261-72. LinkGoogle Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 February 1999Volume 130, Issue 3Page: 246KeywordsLungs ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 2 February 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Re: Maria Chiara Sighinolfi, Bernardo Rocco’s Words of Wisdom re: EAU Guidelines: Prostate Cancer 2019. Mottet N, van den Bergh RCN, Briers E, et al. https://uroweb.org/guideline/prostate-Cancer/. Eur Urol 2019;76:871
Authors: Alessia Cimadamore, Marina Scarpelli, Liang Cheng, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Andrea B. Galosi, Francesco Montorsi, Rodolfo Montironi
Journal: European Urology (2020)
CORRECTION
Journal: Circulation (1954)

In the paper entitled "The Long-Term Prognosis Following Myocardial Infarction, and Some Factors Which Affect It," by Drs. David R. Cole, Evelyn B. Singian, and Louis N. Katz [CIRCULATION 9: 321 (March), 1954], an error has been discovered in table 3. In the age group 70-89, the figures under the heading "Died in first 2 months" should read: Male 7, Female 7, Both 14.
Eradication of the screwworm fly, an agent of myiasis
Authors: A. H. Baumhover
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Screwworms (Diptera, Calliphoridae,<i>Cochliomyia hominivorax</i>[Coquerell] are important obligate parasites of various terrestrial mammals, including man. Distribution is restricted during winter months to tropical and subtropical areas of North and South America; but during other periods, the screwworm fly may disperse 500 miles or more from its normal overwintering area. <h3>Life Cycle.—</h3> When held at 80 F (27 C), the adult flies mate at 2 to 3 days of age, and at 7 days of age, females oviposit shingle-like masses of 200 to 500 eggs. After an incubation period of 16 hours, larvae emerge and immediately start feeding in compact pockets, consuming primarily live flesh and wound fluids. In four to nine days after hatching, the larvae attain a body weight of 70 to 120 mg, drop from the wound, and burrow into the soil to pupate; adults emerge from the soil within eight days. <h3>Economic Importance.—</h3> Although the screwworm
Familial neural hearing loss and atopic dermatitis
Authors: B. W. Konigsmark
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Three of four sibs were affected by a nonprogressive neural hearing loss and atypical atopic dermatitis. History, physical and neurological examinations revealed no causes other than familial for the hearing loss. Audiometric examinations suggested the hearing loss was cochlear in origin. A review of the literature describing types of familial hearing loss associated with skin disease showed no similar report. It is suggested that these three children have a type of recessive familial hearing loss differing from others in its association with atypical atopic dermatitis.
GLAUCOMA
Authors: D. R. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Testing by indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of antiretinal antibodies and lymphocyte stimulation for cell-mediated immunity to retinal antigens was performed on blood obtained from 59 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and 29 without RP who had other types of retinal disease. The results from the patients9 immunological studies were correlated in a masked fashion with six parameters of the fluorescein angiogram: disc staining, peripapillary oedema, vascular arcade oedema, macular oedema, and focal vascular staining (late phases), and disc telangiectasia (early phases). Significant correlations for both groups together were found for IgG antiretinal antibody reactivity and macular oedema (p less than 0.038) and disc staining (p less than 0.033). The non-RP retinal disease group had more significant correlations, including IgG antiretinal antibody reactivity with vascular arcade oedema (p less than 0.018), disc staining (p less than 0.018), and peripapillary oedema (p less than 0.023); the RP patients had significant correlation with IgG reactivity and arcade oedema (p less than 0.045). With combinations of IgG, IgM, and lymphocyte reactivity various significant correlations were found with the fluorescein angiogram.
Editorial Board
Authors: George Bartley, Henry Jampel, Daniel Albert, Andrew Schachat, Anita Agarwal, T Iqbal, Ike Ahmed, Jayakrishna Ambati, Tin Aung, James Brandt, Wiley Chambers, Susan Day, San Francisco, Steven Gedde, Mingguang He, Ronald Klein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
MALARIA.
Authors: ELLSWORTH D. WHITING
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In describing the quartan parasite the writer will use as a clinical illustration a patient who came under his personal observation. Jan. 15, 1896, there appeared before Prof. H. M. Lyman's medical clinic a case of malaria. Judging the case of more than ordinary interest the writer made special investigations, obtained a full history, made as many blood preparations as possible and through the courtesy of Prof. James B. Herrick obtained a thorough physical examination. Peter A., age 34 years; born in Germany. Came to America fifteen years ago. Lived in Pittsburg five years. Since then has lived continually in Chicago with the exception of short visits to Jamaica, W. I., and Memphis. Single; locomotive fireman by occupation. Family history—Father and mother dead. Cause unknown. Brother and sister died from a lingering disease. Personal history—regular in habits of eating and sleeping. Drinks whisky, tea and coffee moderately. Previous illness—when twelve
IDENTIFICATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION FROM SPECT THALLIUM PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Roberto Roberti, Andrew Van Tosh, Mitchell Baruchin, Dahlia Garza, Barbara Ventura, ateven F. Horowitz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Roberti, Roberto; Tosh, Andrew Van; Baruchin, Mitchell; Garza, Dahlia; Ventura, Barbara; Horowitz, ateven F. Author Information
Psychiatria et Neurologia, Basel
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oncogenes. A unitary cause of cancer?
Authors: R. L. Erikson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>The Sarc Gene</h3><h3>JAMA:</h3> What is the sarc gene? <h3>Erikson:</h3> The sarc gene of the Rous sarcoma virus is the gene that can induce fibrosarcomas in susceptible animals and cause malignant transformation of fibroblasts in culture. It was first defined genetically in the early 1970s by several different investigators. The first mutant viruses involving the sarc gene were conditional mutants, which means that sarc gene activity was dependent on the conditions in which the infected cells were grown. These mutants were temperature sensitive because they could cause malignant transformation of cells at 35 °C, but would not transform cells at 41 °C. The discovery of these temperature-sensitive mutants indicated that the virus was carrying a gene responsible for transformation. Within a few years, deletion mutants (in which the sarc gene was not present in the virus) were isolated, and by 1972 the idea that Rous sarcoma virus was carrying a
Table of contents
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Cover Figure: Stratification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients based on occurrence of mutations in three classifier genes (IDH, KRAS, TP53) revealed unique oncogenic programs that influence pharmacologic response in drug repositioning protocols.Incidence of single-nucleotide variants, recurrent somatic copy number alterations, and differentially methylated regions across groups is shown as a relative ratio (scaled to 1).Integrated "omic" and pathway analysis, confirmed by in vitro drug testing, suggests enhanced activity of specific compounds in specific mutational subgroups.