tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Translocation of different forms of transferrin from blood to bile in the rat*1
Authors: E REGOECZI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Five different forms of transferrin (rat apo [iron-free], rat diferric, diferric rat asialo, human diferric, and diferric human asialotransferrin type 3) were used to monitor the passage of this protein and its metal to the bile. Cumulative biliary excretion of the dose over 3 hours was determined. In addition, an excretion profile was constructed from the concentration of tracer in bile samples collected over 10-minute intervals. The profile obtained with apotransferrin was very similar to that found in an earlier study with albumin, the implication being that the apo form is transferred passively (e.g., by diffusion). Behavior of rat diferric transferrin, however, was consistent with the assumption that this form is transferred both passively and actively (i.e., in vesicles). The three other transferrins were investigated with the intent of broadening the spectrum of ligand affinities for the plasmalemma of hepatocyte. The higher this attraction was, the larger fraction of the dose appeared in bile. When transferrin was targeted to lysosomes, the bile contained several intermediate proteolytic fragments. Double-labeled (125I, 59Fe) transferrin was used to measure recovery of iron (Fe) relative to the protein (P) in bile. With rat diferric transferrin, the Fe/P ratio was 0.72. Lower values were recorded with transferrins (human or asialo) that had higher affinities for the plasmalemma and therefore were expected to be transported to a larger extent in vesicles. Of the biliary 59Fe, 85% to 92% was protein bound. The proportion of the protein-bound fraction was essentially independent of the magnitude of Fe/P ratios.
Sequential acetaldehyde production, lipid peroxidation, and fibrogenesis in micropig model of alcohol-induced liver disease*1
Authors: O NIEMELA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver disease involves the adverse effects of ethanol metabolites and oxidative tissue injury. Previous studies indicated that covalent protein adducts with reactive aldehydes may be formed in alcohol consumers. To study the role of such protein adducts in the development of liver injury, we examined the sequential appearances of adducts of the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde (AA) and of two products of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenol (HNE), in ethanol-fed micropigs. Immunohistochemical stainings using specific antibodies that recognize epitopes of each adduct were performed from liver biopsy specimens obtained at 1, 5, and 12 months from micropigs fed either control diet (n = 5) or ethanol-containing diets (n = 5). After 1 month on the ethanol diet, AA and MDA adducts were observed primarily in the perivenous regions co-localizing with each other and coinciding with increased concentrations of serum aminotransferase markers of liver injury. HNE adducts were usually less intense and more diffuse, and were also seen in some biopsy specimens from control animals. Although the most intense staining reactions at 5 months remained in zone 3, a more widespread distribution was usually seen together with increased evidence of steatonecrosis and focal inflammation. In terminal biopsies at 12 months, perivenous fibrosis was present in three of five biopsy specimens. More extensive pericentral and intralobular fibrosis was noted in one micropig fed ethanol for 21 months. These studies demonstrate that covalent adducts of proteins with reactive aldehydes are formed in early phases of alcoholinduced liver disease. Perivenous adducts of the AA product of ethanol metabolism and the MDA product of lipid peroxidation appear to precede necrosis and fibrosis.
MAGAZINE AND TELEVISION REPORT
Journal: JAMA (1962)

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Unreviewed Reports
Authors: R Dennison, A Northeast
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Sigmoid volvulus: evidence of a familial incidence Sigmoid volvulus is responsible for 5-10% of all cases of large bowel obstruction in the West.Over the past 10 years there has been an increasing awareness of the disease in a younger age group.We recently encountered this condition in a brother, sister, and uncle, aged 31, 36, and 67 respectively.They demonstrate an increased incidence within families which has not been recognised, although Plaut in 1929 briefly described a father and son with "volvulus of the flexure," but no operative details were given.'Awareness of a possible familial incidence may allow earlier diagnosis in the investi- gation ofyoung patients with intermittent symptoms whose relatives are known to be affected.
Haloethylene-Related Compounds of Industrial, Environmental, and Medical Significance
Authors: Herbert S. Posner, Hans L. Falk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

A broad-based literature survey was made for chemicals that contain either a haloethylene or a related substructure. Two hundred and sixty-two compounds, including synthetic intermediates, pesticides, solvents, drugs, food components, natural products, and metabolites, are grouped by their structures. Some are in current use or are bioavailable while little exposure is expected from others. As more biologic-response information is reported for small compounds of these types, it should become possible to select others for research on additional questions of structure–activity relationships. Some of the compounds are widespread while others are not. Some are used or found in large amounts while others may be trace contaminants, minor or more major by-products of synthesis or isolation. The pesticides and solvents, for example, are knowingly and often deliberately released to the environment, sometimes in very large quantities. Inadvertent release also occurs, sometimes referred to as fugitive emission. Food contaminants and drugs are directly accessible to humans. Sparsely distributed natural products could be accessible to humans, for example, via the food chain. Some of the compounds in food may be formed during preparation, storage or metabolically. Last, the haloethylene function has often been synthesized into compounds in order to achieve desired biologic activities. There are many types and degrees of relatedness of structure, depending upon atomic dimensions and stereochemical, polar, resonance, and other factors. Furthermore, for some chemical series, biologic responses are continuously variable while, in other cases, it is not uncommon that qualitatively different types of response occur with apparently very close homologs. Genetic, metabolic, and behavioral factors affecting response must also be considered. Thus, safety or hazard cannot yet be predicted conclusively by apparent relatedness of structure alone. Also, since the tables are noncomprehensive, some relevant compounds have likely been omitted. The haloalkanes, for example, are not here because of their large number, despite the knowledge that some are either metabolized or nonbiologically converted to haloalkenes.
SURGICAL LECTURES
Journal: JAMA (1961)

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Books in Brief
Journal: JAMA (1980)

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ABSTRACTS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The authors used regional heparinization in pa- tients following the removal of arterial emboli and after the repair of a traumatized artery and ex- cision of an aneurysm.In some instances the intra- arterial injections were continued for several days postoperatively.In others the injection was made at the time when the operation was performed.It was concluded that regional heparinization is of value in the prevention of thrombosis at the suture line.Furthermore, this form of administration of an anticoagulant reduces the danger of hemorrhage from the wound.
Anterior mediastinotomy
Authors: D. S. Evans, J. H. Hall, G. K. Harrison
Journal: Thorax (1973)

The indications and techniques for performing the operation of anterior mediastinotomy are described. In the years 1966-71, 116 anterior mediastinotomies were done. The results of these are presented. In 36 patients the operation was done to provide a histological diagnosis in benign conditions. In 51 patients, with probable carcinoma but normal bronchoscopy, mediastinotomy was done to establish a diagnosis and assess operability; 43 had involved mediastinal nodes proven on histology. In a further 29 patients, with positive bronchoscopic biopsies, mediastinotomy was done to assess operability alone. In all, 14 patients (17·5%) were judged suitable for thoracotomy. Of these, nine had operable disease while five were found to be inoperable. The incidence of complications of the operation was low (11%). These were mostly minor, There were no deaths. Most patients, after anterior mediastinotomy alone, were fit for discharge 48 to 72 hours after the operation. The value of an operation that provides both diagnosis and assessment of mediastinum, lung, and pleura is discussed. The operation of anterior mediastinotomy is compared with mediastinoscopy and, in our opinion, the superiority of the former is demonstrated.
Does insurance mix impact utilization of published care practices and guidelines among breast imaging sites?
Authors: Anne Marie Murphy, Christine B. Weldon, Julia Rachel Trosman, Danielle Dupuy, Julian C. Schink, David Ansell, Melissa A Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e17560 Background: Significant variation exists across Metropolitan Chicago in the quality and timeliness measures for breast cancer detection (Rauscher GH 2014). We examined utilization of published care practices and guidelines at breast imaging sites in Chicago and compared them based on insurance mix. Methods: We conducted an IRB approved web survey of all 58 breast imaging sites in Chicago. Using guidelines (NCCN, NAPBC, ACR) and peer-reviewed literature (38 studies) we developed a survey of breast diagnostic practices. Results analyzed using simple frequencies and Fisher's exact test. Results: We achieved a response rate of 91% (53/58 sites): 27 sites with over 40% privately insured (PI) patients and 26 sites with over 60% Medicare, Medicaid, charity and self pay (MM) patients (IDPH 2012). Utilization of practices vary (Table). The use of breast MRI for diagnostic patients is 81% (17/21) of PI vs. 47% (8/17) of MM sites, p=.04. Image guided biopsy is used by 81% (17/21) of PI vs. 25% (3/12) of MM sites, p=.03. Clip placement at biopsy is done at 86% (18/21) of PI vs. 50% (6/12) of MM sites, p=.04. Conclusions: Sites with higher rates of private insurance show better utilization of three published breast cancer diagnostic care practices. However, improvement is needed across sites, regardless of insurance mix, to provide care to all patients that is up-to-date on published breast cancer screening and diagnostic practices. Practices Screening n=53 Diagnostic n=38 Biopsy n=33 *Remind patients of scheduled appointment (Goel A 2008) 64% 66% na *Follow up, via phone, with patients who do not show up for appointment (Gierisch JM 2010) 21% 42% na Breast MRI screening for indicated patients (Lee CH 2010) *13% 66% *Call patients with abnormal results, help schedule next appointment and obtain necessary paperwork (Fedewa SA 2011) 38% 55% 33% *Wait time for next available appointment < 6 days (O'Neill SC 2012) 89% 79% 58% Image guided core needle biopsy, as indicated, by radiologist or surgeon, rather than excisional biopsy (NAPBC 2.9) na na 61% Clip placement at time of biopsy (Thomassin-Naggara I 2013) na na 73% Practices with * are not statistically different between PI and MM sites.
Commentary
Authors: Louis Lasagna
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prospective evaluation of neurotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant paclitaxel.
Authors: KD Crew, MG Zauderer, C Cho, LH Weimer, L Brafman, D Fuentes, A Sierra, DL Hershman
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1115 Background: Taxanes are increasingly used in the treatment of early stage breast cancer (BC). Up to 30% of patients develop moderate-severe neurotoxicity during treatment. We recently reported that about 60% of BC patients complain of some neuropathy up to 2 years after completing adjuvant paclitaxel (T) treatment. The prevalence, severity, and natural history of this syndrome have not been well described.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Using a prospective cohort study design, women with stage I-III breast cancer undergoing adjuvant paclitaxel were enrolled. At baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, all patients completed the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Taxane (FACT-Tax) and quantitative sensory testing (touch perception and vibration threshold) was conducted. The FACT-Tax includes a 16-item subscale which measures the severity of neurotoxicity, where lower scores represent worsening symptoms. Blood was obtained at baseline and 2 weeks post-treatment to measure serum nerve growth factor (NGF) levels.&amp;#x2028; Results: A total of 34 out of a target of 50 patients have been enrolled to date; median age: 48 (32-77); White/Hispanic/Black/Other: 10/17/4/1; median body mass index (kg/m2): 28 (21-44); stage I/II/III: 4/19/8; paclitaxel regimen T q2wks x4/T q2wks x6/T qwk x12: 19/8/5. Compared to baseline, there was a significant decrease in vibration sense at 8 weeks during active treatment. Mean scores on the Neurotoxicity subscale of the FACT-Tax decreased from 37.3 at baseline to 30.7 at week 4 (p=0.009) and 29.7 at week 8 (p=0.006). These scores remained lower than baseline at 3 months and 6 months after completing paclitaxel treatment (33.7 and 33.2, respectively). At 6 months, up to 50% of patients reported persistent numbness or discomfort in the hands and feet. Serum NGF analyses are underway to determine whether this biomarker correlates with neuropathy symptoms.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to prospectively evaluate persistent neuropathy in women prior to, during and following adjuvant paclitaxel therapy. Over 50% of patients developed moderate to severe neuropathy during active treatment, which persisted 6 months post-treatment. Taxane-based chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival, however, neurotoxicity is the main long-term side effect. Understanding the natural history of this toxicity and validating appropriate measures to be used in interventions to prevent and treat taxane-induced neuropathy are critical. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1115.
Correction
Journal: JAMA (1967)

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OLEOMARGARINE.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

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Semaine des Hôpitaux de Paris
Journal: JAMA (1970)

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