tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Leads from the MMWR. Multiple measles outbreaks on college campuses--Ohio, Massachusetts, Illinois
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Letter: Musical bumps.
Authors: Ursula Mountrose, W Whitehouse
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Some intrauterine devices are easily seen on a plain x-ray.The Dalkon Shield, however, has a lower level of radio-ovacity, and unless certain x-ray techniques are used the device may be difficult or impossible to see.The radio-opacity is achieved by the addition of barium sulphate, which has the undesirable effect of rendering the device more brittle To enable the Dalkon Shield to be bent during insertion through the cervical canal it must be as thin and as pliable as possible, and the concentration of barium sul,phate is therefore kept lower than in other devices.Three techniques for the radiographic location of the Dalkon Shield are suggested for the average-sized patient: (1) "Regular" technique: machine setting 200 mA, 76 kV, 3/5 sec.(2) "Soft-tissue" technique A: machine setting 200 mA, 76 kV, 1/2 sec.(3) "Soft-tissue" technique B: machine setting 200 mA, 70 kV, 2/5-1/2 sec.We would recommend the use of one of the above radiological techniaues should radio- graphic location of a Dalkon Shield be required.-Weare, etc.,
Oil Shale Processing as a Source of Aquatic Pollution: Monitoring of the Biologic Effects in Caged and Feral Freshwater Fish
Authors: Arvo Tuvikene, Sirpa Huuskonen, Kari Koponen, Ossi Ritola, Ulle Mauer, Pirjo Lindstrom-Seppa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The biologic effects of the oil shale industry on caged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as well as on feral perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) were studied in the River Narva in northeast Estonia. The River Narva passes the oil shale mining and processing area and thus receives elevated amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, and sulfates. The effects of the chemical load were monitored by measuring cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A)-dependent monooxygenase (MO) activities [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)] as well as conjugation enzyme activities [glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase] in the liver of fish. CYP1A induction was further studied by detecting the amount and occurrence of the CYP1A protein. Histopathology of tissues (liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine) and the percentage of micronuclei in fish erythrocytes were also determined. Selected PAHs and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb) were measured from fish muscle and liver. In spite of the significant accumulation of PAHs, there was no induction of MO activities in any studied fish species. When compared to reference samples, AHH activities were even decreased in feral fish at some of the exposed sites. Detection of CYP1A protein content and the distribution of the CYP1A enzyme by immunohistochemistry also did not show extensive CYP1A induction. Instead, GST activities were significantly increased at exposed sites. Detection of histopathology did not reveal major changes in the morphology of tissues. The micronucleus test also did not show any evidence of genotoxicity. Thus, from the parameters studied, GST activity was most affected. The lack of catalytic CYP1A induction in spite of the heavy loading of PAHs was not studied but has been attributed to the elevated content of other compounds such as heavy metals, some of which can act as inhibitors for MOs. Another possible explanation of this lack of induction is that through adaptation processes the fish could have lost some of their sensitivity to PAHs. Either complex pollution caused by oil shale processing masked part of the harmful effects measured in this study, or oil shale industry did not have any severe effects on fish in the River Narva. Our study illustrates the difficulties in estimating risk in cases where there are numerous various contaminants affecting the biota.
Enhanced efficacy of anti-VEGFR2/taxane therapy after progression on immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) in patients (pts) with metastatic gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (mGEA).
Authors: Lionel Aurelien Kankeu Fonkoua, Sakti Chakrabarti, Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Pashtoon Murtaza Kasi, Jason Scott Starr, Alex J Liu, Melanie C. Bois, Henry C. Pitot, Helen J. Ross, Tsung-Teh Wu, Rondell P. Graham, Svetomir Markovic, Haidong Dong, Harry H. Yoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

362 Background: Most pts with mGEA do not respond to ICI or ramucirumab/paclitaxel (RAM/TAX). Emerging data suggest that ICI may potentiate subsequent therapy (Tx). In KN059 we unexpectedly observed durable responses in 2 pts on RAM/TAX after ICI (PMID 29674442). We examined if ICI impacts efficacy of subsequent RAM/TAX in a larger cohort and explored alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Methods: All pts with mGEA at Mayo Clinic (MN, AZ, FL) who received RAM/TAX (2014-19) were included. We compared best objective response rate (ORR: complete [CR] or partial response [PR]) per RECIST1.1 and overall survival (OS) in pts who received RAM/TAX with (Group A) vs without (Group B) immediately preceding PD-1 blockade. Chi square and multivariate logistic and Cox regression were used. We adjusted for total lines of Tx received and the line of Tx in which RAM/TAX was given, to control for potential differences in the biology of heavily treated pts or those receiving RAM/TAX as 2nd vs 3rd line Tx. We also adjusted for age and ECOG PS. Results: In total 87 pts met inclusion criteria. In the 19 pts (Group A) who received RAM/TAX (usually as 3rd line Tx) after progression on ICI, there was a 77% relative risk reduction of death after initiation of RAM/TAX compared to the 68 pts (Group B) who received RAM/TAX (usually as 2nd line) without preceding ICI (median OS 15.0 vs 7.6 mo; HR 0.23; P &lt; .001). The ORR was also significantly higher (58% vs 18%; P &lt; .001) including the CR rate (16% vs 1%; P = .006). Two CRs in Group A are ongoing (10 - 34 mo). Of note, 95% of Group A pts did not respond to ICI, and all had irRECIST progression on ICI. Immunofluorescent analysis from a responder showed 65-fold reduction (post vs pre-Tx) in intratumoral density of immunosuppressive FOXP3+ Tregs, with preserved density of antitumor CD8+ T cells. Conclusions: Higher than expected efficacy was observed on RAM/TAX when immediately preceded by ICI, suggesting ICI may enhance efficacy of subsequent anti-VEGFR/taxane therapy. This serial immunotherapy combination may be a novel option for pts with primary resistance to ICI and will be tested prospectively in a new randomized phase 2 trial (NCT04069273).
Hematology
Authors: Jeff Zwicker, Reed E. Drews
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prolonged Starvation
Authors: St Street, K Perry, John Kirklin, B Macgillivray, -J Stark, G Fox, D Surgeon, G Wray, A Dew, D Gudgeon, M Smythe-Golby, D Mccoy, M Joyce, D Dunkerley, M Gear, L Hurst, M Inman, D Obst, D.-R Beard, N Dyer, W Shand, V Barry, H Jacobs, -H James, D Jenkins, D Morris, J Smyth, R Spence, A Collis, M Rudolf, R Knight, T Bigge, J Toms, C Lockwood, P Spencer, G Carreck, T Pickard, D Savage
Journal: BMJ (1970)
Clostridium sordellii
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Injections of illicit drugs have been estimated to represent approximately onethird of the estimated 2-3 billion injections occurring outside of health-care settings in the United States each year, second only to insulin injections by persons with diabetes. 6Improperly discarded syringes pose a serious risk for injury and infection to sanitation workers and the community. 7SEPs contribute to safe disposal of potentially infectious syringes used by IDUs by removing used syringes from the community, not only through direct exchange but also through supplemental collection programs.For example, in San Francisco in 2000, approximately 2 million syringes were recovered at SEPs, and an estimated 1.5 million syringes were collected through a pharmacy-based program that provided free-of-charge sharps containers and accepted filled containers for disposal.As a result, an estimated 3.5 million syringes were recovered from community syringe users and safely disposed of as infectious waste. 8Other SEPs offer methods for safe disposal of syringes after hours.For example, in Santa Cruz, California, the Santa Cruz Needle Exchange Program, in collaboration with the Santa Cruz Parks and Recreation Department, installed 12 steel sharps containers in public restrooms throughout the county (S Miller, Santa Cruz Needle Exchange Program, personal communication, 2004).SEPs provide health and social services to IDUs who might not otherwise be reached.They also remove syringes that are potentially contaminated with HIV and other bloodborne infections from the community.Continued monitoring of SEPs in the United States is necessary to evaluate the longterm effects of this public health intervention.
SWOG S1216: A phase III randomized trial comparing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus TAK-700 with ADT plus bicalutamide in patients with newly diagnosed metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) (NCT01809691).
Authors: Neeraj Agarwal, Catherine M. Tangen, Maha Hussain, Primo Lara, Celestia S. Higano, Daniel A. Vaena, Gary R. MacVicar, Hongli Li, Tony Crispino, David I. Quinn, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Ian Murchie Thompson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

TPS5102 Background: Responses to ADT in new HSPC are not durable and the disease progresses with in a median of ~ 18 months. Median overall survival (OS) is 48 months. Despite the failure of ADT, tumor progression may be driven by CYP17 mediated intratumoral androgen production and/or androgen receptor (AR) signaling. TAK-700 (orteronel) is a CYP17 inhibitor with a potentially greater 17,20 lyase selectivity (ie, for androgen as opposed to corticosteroid synthesis), and has shown activity in castrate resistant tumors. Based on data from > 1000 men with new HSPC in the SWOG-9346 study, a failure to achieve a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of ≤4 ng/ml (or to be experiencing a rise in PSA) after 7 months of undergoing ADT + bicalutamide, is a powerful negative predictor of survival (JCO 2006; 24:3984). These data provide the rationale for optimizing androgen blockade in new HSPC. Methods: In S1216, an intergroup study, men with new HSPC, a performance status (PS) of 0-2, and a PSA of ≥ 2 ng/ml are randomized to ADT+TAK-700 vs ADT+ bicalutamide, and stratified according to PS, extent of disease (minimal or extensive) , and if they have started ADT prior to registration. OS is the primary end point. Secondary endpoints are: progression free survival, PSA response at 7 months (<0.2 vs 0.2-4 vs. >4 ng/ml), adverse effect profile, and long term survival after 10 years of follow up. It is assumed that the median OS of those randomized to ADT+ bicalutamide is conservatively 54 months (48 months based on results from SWOG-9346 + an additional 6 months from novel agents). The experimental regimen with TAK-700 would be of interest if median OS were improved by 25% (i.e., median=68 months). With 4.5 years of accrual and 4 more years of follow-up, and assuming a one-sided alpha=0.025 and 90% statistical power, study needs 1486 eligible men to be randomized. Planned correlatives include serum androgens, bone markers, and circulating tumor cells. Current rate of accrual is ~28 men per month with 220 men accrued so far. Support: NIH/NCI CA32102, CA38926, CA31946 and CA21115, and Millennium: The Takeda Oncology Company. Clinical trial information: NCT01809691.
Spoken sessions
Authors: S Birring, C Brightling, F Symon, S Barlow, A Wardlaw, I Pavord, F Chua, S Dunsmore, A Segal, J Roes, G Laurent, J Maguire, N Smith, V Kelly, M Ledson, M Walshaw, N Diar Bakerley, N Keaney, K Sridharan, I Taylor, H Clague, R Page, P Temblett, J Baker, F Macbeth, A Smith, P Donnelly, W Anderson
Journal: Thorax (2002)

We have recently reported an excess of cases of organ specific autoimmune diseases amongst patients with idiopathic chronic cough and have suggested that the cough may be due to homing of activated lymphocytes from the primary site of autoimmune inflammation to the lung.We tested this hypothesis in comparative immunopathology study of 19 patients with idiopathic chronic cough recruited over a two year period (mean age 54y, 79% female, mean duration of cough 2y), 11 healthy subjects and 14 patients with explained chronic cough of similar severity.Organ specific autoimmune disease was present in six of idiopathic cough patients (32%) but no normals/ explained cough subjects.All subjects had a bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial biopsy using standard techniques.We obtained cytospins from the BAL for a differential cell count and studied BAL T-cell status (CD4/8), activation (CD103, CD25, CD49a, HLA-DR) and chemokine receptors (CCR3,5,6,11, CXCR3) using 3-colour flow cytometry.Bronchial biopsies were embedded in glycolmethacrylate and immunohistochemistry for CD3,4,8 (lymphocytes), CD14 (monocytes), CD45 (leukocytes), CD56 (NK cells), EG2 (eosinophils), Neutrophil Elastase (neutrophils), AA1 (mast cells), Interferon-γ, IL5, 3H4(IL4) was performed.The mean (SEM) BAL differential lymphocyte count was 6.8 (1.3)% in normals, 15.1 (2.6)% in idiopathic cough (mean difference from normals 8.3%; 95% Confidence Interval 1.6 to 15.0; p<0.02) and 7.0(1.7)% in explained cough.The proportion of BAL T-cells expressing CD4 was similar in all three groups and there were no differences in activation status of T-cells or chemokine receptor expression.CD56 and IFNγ expression in biopsies (cells/mm 2 submucosa) were reduced in subjects with idiopathic cough compared to normals and subjects with explained cough (p=0.03 and 0.047: Kruskal-Wallis).EG2 and 3H4 expression were raised in explained cough (p=0.02& 0.03) but there were no differences in expression of CD3 and other markers between groups.In conclusion, we have made a novel observation of lymphocytic bronchoalveolar inflammation in patients with idiopathic chronic cough.The association with organ specific autoimmune disease suggests that this might be due to homing of activated lymphocytes from primary sites of autoimmune inflammation or a hitherto unrecognised autoimmune bronchitis.Further studies are required to investigate the interaction between T-cells and the cough reflex.T2
Helping Schoolchildren with Asthma Breathe Easier: Partnerships in Community-Based Environmental Health Education
Authors: Marie S. O'Neill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Hospitalizations and deaths attributed to asthma are increasing, and the disease has disproportionate impacts on children and minority populations, particularly African-Americans. Because asthma hospitalizations and deaths are viewed by many experts as preventable events, and because asthma's toll is so significant in economic terms, increased efforts to reverse these trends, particularly among the most affected groups, are warranted. Reducing exposures to airborne pollutants known to trigger asthma in both indoor and outdoor environments is one important preventive strategy. The public-private partnership effort to implement the Open Airways for Schools asthma management curriculum in urban elementary schools, with its emphasis on pollution prevention, is an example of a community-based effort that may help decrease the toll asthma takes on society.
Urology
Authors: Mark S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Recent progress in urology has improved the quality of diagnosis and treatment of patients with urologic conditions that include cancer, urolithiasis, and impotence. Transrectal ultrasunography is being evaluated as a diagnostic modality in prostate cancer, and nerve-sparing prostatectomy has refined the surgical treatment of this neoplasm; the postoperative measurement of prostate-specific antigen has facilitated followup. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA has begun to provide a reliable source of information in the diagnosis and management of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. New chemotherapeutic protocols are being clinically tested as adjunctive and independent therapy for bladder cancer. Interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells have shown some promise in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. New technology in ureteroscopy and lasers has greatly enhanced the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi, while extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy continues to replace open surgery for urolithiasis. New knowledge of the venous anatomy
Erroneous Formula
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pyrexia of unknown origin.
Journal: BMJ (1969)

tors in some unique, recognizable, and durable way; and young people at school, college, or university should be approached to obtain their consent to the use of their organs after death.Good results from transplantation depend on good tissue matching, and this can be achieved only if there is an adequate supply of donor organs and some registry for potential recipients and donors.Many family doctors would like to be able to tell their patients whom to contact if they wish to donate their organs after their death.This may be a task that could be tackled by one or more voluntary organizations, but it is likely to be expensive, and experience in Europe4 suggests that a computer is essential if the system is to be efficient.Can a voluntary organization provide a complex service of this kind ?It would seem to be a task more suit- ably undertaken by the Department of Health and Social Security.But on the question of individual consent the Government is right to postpone changes in the law until public opinion is clearly in their favour.
Differences in men and women with advanced heart failure JoAnn Lindenfeld, Yvis D. Rosenberg, Heidi J. Krause-Steinrauf, Surai Thaneeemit-Chen, Steven S. Kahn, Brian D. Lowes, Rhonda L. Larsen, James B.Young, Jalal K. Ghali, For Best Investigators. University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Abstract 55: The CAHP (Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis) Score: Predicting Neurological Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Carole Maupain, Wulfran Bougouin, Lamhaut Lionel, Nicolas Deye, Daniel Jost, Guillaume Geri, Marie-Cecile Perier, Frankie Beganton, Eloi Marijon, Xavier Jouven, Alain Cariou, Florence Dumas
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) carries a very poor prognosis. Early prognostication of patients admitted in ICU after resuscitated OHCA is a key issue but remains challenging. The aim of that study was to establish a new scoring system to predict poor neurological outcome in these patients. Materials and Methods: The CAHP (Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis) score was developed from the Sudden Death Expertise Center registry (SDEC, Paris, France). Objective risk factors were weighted on the basis of a logistic regression analysis. The primary outcome was poor neurological outcome defined as Cerebral Performance Category 3, 4 or 5. Thresholds were defined to distinguish low, moderate and high-risk groups. The CAHP score was then validated in an external dataset (Parisian OHCA Registry). Score calibration and discrimination characteristics were assessed in the validation dataset. Results: The developmental dataset included 819 patients admitted in ICU from May 2011 to December 2012. After logistic regression, 7 variables were independently associated with poor neurological outcome: age, initial shockable rhythm, time form collapse to basic life support (BLS), time from BLS to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), location of cardiac arrest, epinephrine dose during resuscitation and arterial pH at admission. These variables were included in the CAHP score. 3 risks groups were identified: a low risk group (score ≤ 150, 39 % of unfavorable outcome), medium risk group (score 150-200, 81% of unfavorable outcome) and high-risk group (CAHP score ≥ 200, 100 % of unfavorable outcome). AUC of the CAHP score was 0.93. In the external validation dataset, discrimination value of the CAHP score was consistent with an AUC of 0.85. Conclusion: The CAHP score is a simple and objective tool for early assessment of prognosis in patients admitted to ICU after OHCA. Moreover it allows to stratify the probability of poor neurological outcome by identifying a very high-risk category of patients (score ≥ 200).