tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parallel 7: Liver Transplant Diseases and Perioperative Management
Authors: Alexander Hodge, Sarah Lim, Evan Goh, Ophelia Wong, Philip Marsh, Virginia Knight, Yong Song, Ana Passos-Castilho, Maria Ferraz, Valdemir Carvalho, Karina Cardozo, Luciana Kikuchi, Aline Chagas, Renato João, Michele Gomes-Gouvêa, Fernanda Malta, Flair Carrilho, Celso Granato, J Carrilho, George Ioannou, Kristin Berry, Auvro Mridha, Alexander Wree, Avril Robertson, Narci Teoh, Matthew Cooper, Ariel Feldstein, Geoffrey Farrell
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

black tea.The mean ALT noted in 657 individuals within 3 months of TE was 60.6 U/L.The average BMI was 25.7 kg/m 2 and weight was 71.7 kg.Average daily alcohol consumption was 5 g/day.The average liver stiffness for the 1155 individuals was 8.4 kPa.CAP was available from 2013 in 719 individuals with average steatosis measures of 214 dB/m.After MLR taking into account age, alcohol, smoking and weight, individuals with HCV benefited from coffee intake with LSM on average 2 kPa less with intake of 2 or more cups of coffee daily (p = 0.026).This was not seen in those with HBV or NAFLD.In NAFLD a decrease in CAP of 23 dB/m (9%) was noted in individuals who drank ≥2 cups of coffee (p = 0.032).There was no effect of coffee consumption on CAP in other groups.Conclusions: Individuals with self-reported daily coffee intake ≥2 cups of coffee/ day had a significant decrease in liver stiffness, which was not seen in those with HBV or NAFLD.Similar daily coffee intake resulted in significant decrease in liver steatosis in NAFLD.These findings are consistent with the literature to date and add to the growing body of evidence suggesting coffee may be a beneficial supplement in some liver diseases.
Hazards of cosmetic surgery.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Estimation of Blood Loss in ObstetricsPrecise estimates of the blood lost in pregnancy and labour are useful because a large haemorrhage may occur in a short time from placenta praevia or after delivery.The true amount of blood lost may be concealed in the uterus after abruptio placentae or in haematomata.Grave consequences may follow if the size of the haemorrhage is underestimated, especially if the patient bleeds again before she has been adequately resuscitated during transfer from home to hospital or during operative procedures.She may lose her life.She may be exposed to serious complications such as renal failure or pituitary necrosis.And her recovery will be slower than it need owing to postpartum anaemia, which in turn may reduce resistance to infection and may increase the risk of thrombosis.Thus Mr. H.
Abstract 20953: M1 and M2 Specific Purinergic Receptor Repertoire Alters Response to Damage Associated Molecular Patterns
Authors: Julian Merz, Alina Nettesheim, Sunaina von Garlen, Andreas Zirlik, Peter Stachon
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Dying cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like nucleotides into the extracellular fluid, orchestrating a profound immune response. Purinergic receptors decrypt the composition of extracellular nucleotides and translate it to distinct cellular reactions. M1 and M2 macrophages are immune cells involved in many diseases which react in a completely different way. Nevertheless, how the microenvironment exactly triggers their behavior is not fully understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesize a distinct expression pattern of purinergic receptors on M1 and M2 macrophages which leads to an unique microenvironment recognition and behavior. Methods: Macrophages were generated by bone marrow isolation and cultivation with macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were differentiated to M1 via addition of IFNγ and LPS. M2 differentiation was initiated by the addition of IL-4. Gene transcription quantification was assessed by real-time PCR. Intracellular Ca 2+ signaling was quantified by Fluo-4 AM. Results: Differentiation of BMDMs with either IFNγ/LPS or IL-4 leads to the upregulation of M1 or M2 specific gene transcription. Subsequent real-time PCR analysis of purinergic receptors revealed a strong relationship between the expression pattern and the differentiation to M1 or M2 macrophages. Whereas M1 macrophages upregulate predominantly G αi coupled metabotropic P2Y receptors, M2 macrophages preferentially upregulate G αq coupled P2Y receptors. Comparison of the two ADP-dependent P2Y receptors (P2Y 1 and P2Y 13 ) showed a M1 and M2 specific expression pattern with M1 macrophages solely expressing the G αi coupled P2Y 13 and M2 macrophages exclusively expressing the G αq coupled P2Y 1 receptor. In agreement with the specific expression pattern, ADP stimulation evokes a significant Ca 2+ flux in M2 macrophages but failed to induce it in M1 macrophages. Conclusion: Our experiments revealed for the first time that M1 and M2 macrophages express a unique purinergic receptor repertoire and sense the nucleotide based microenvironment differently. With this knowledge we could interfere with one macorphage subtype without disturbing the others.
Synaptosomal glutamate transport in thioacetamide induced hepatic encephalopathy in the rat
Authors: K OPPONG
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Dysfunction of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the cause of hepatic encephalopathy. Brain microdialysis studies in various animal models of portal systemic encephalopathy (PSE) and encephalopathy associated with acute liver failure, have established that an increase in extracellular glutamate occurs but the mechanisms of this are unclear. We have measured oxygen consumption, citrate synthase activity (as indices of energy state and mitochondrial content, respectively), calcium-dependent glutamate release, and high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate uptake by synaptosomes prepared from rats with thioacetamide-induced encephalopathy. (2 doses of thioacetamide 200 mg/kg with a 24-hour interval). Synaptosomes were prepared either by a modified P2 method (glutamate release study) or by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation (all other studies). There was no significant difference in synaptosomal oxygen consumption, citrate synthase activity, glutamate release, total synaptosomal glutamate content, or the Kd for glutamate uptake between the encephalopathy group and the controls. However, there was a marked decrease in the maximal velocity of transport (Vmax) for glutamate uptake in synaptosomes from encephalopathic rats, 2.64 versus 4.40 nmol/min/mg (P < .05). The results of this study provide evidence of impaired glutamate uptake in the rat thioacetamide model of hepatic encephalopathy, which could account for the elevated extracellular glutamate seen in the condition.
Venereal transmission of enteric pathogens in male homosexuals. Two case reports
Authors: D. Mildvan
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In two cases there was simultaneous or sequential occurrence of amebiasis, shigellosis, and giardiasis in male homosexuals. Enteric pathogens may, under the proper conditions, be venereally transmitted. In particular, the sexual practices of male homosexuals, most significantly, oral-anal contact, appear to provide the necessary link for transmission. Evidence suggests that this is a growing problem. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1387-1389, 1977)
Green Tobacco Sickness in Tobacco Harvesters—Kentucky, 1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Green tobacco sickness (GTS) is an illness resulting from dermal exposure to dissolved nicotine from wet tobacco leaves; it is characterized by nausea, vomiting, weakness, and dizziness and sometimes fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate (1-3). On September 14, 1992, the Occupational Health Nurses in Agricultural Communities (OHNAC) project of Kentucky* received reports of 27 cases of GTS. The cases occurred among tobacco harvesters who had sought treatment in several hospital emergency departments in south-central Kentucky during the preceding 2 weeks. This report summarizes the findings of the investigation of these cases.
Decision Analysis
Authors: Jonathan Borak
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Increasing amounts of attention have been given recently to the statistical tool of decision analysis and its applicability to clinical medicine. The recent article by Sisson and associates gives a clear exposition of certain aspects of DA, but both the strengths and limitations of decision analysis are misrepresented. In the second example, Sisson et al consider the advantages and disadvantages derived from the use of liver scanning to determine operability in bronchogenic cancer. They determine, by means of some arbitrary assumptions, that the outcome "value" is essentially the same whether or not the isotope procedure is performed, and conclude that, therefore, there is "... no advantage accrued to scanning the liver and this costs time and money." This conclusion is wrong: although the two alternatives may be equivalent medically, there are other reasons for choosing between them. Although the costs of scanning are considered by the authors, the
Hepatitis E
Authors: Angel N. Desai
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Hepatitis E is an infectious disease associated with inflammation of the liver. What Is Hepatitis E?The hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes an infection of the liver, known as hepatitis E. The disease is more common in countries with inadequate sanitation and hygiene.Transmission usually occurs when people drink water contaminated with stool that contains HEV.Large outbreaks have occurred in refugee camps and other environments prone to overcrowding.Occasionally, hepatitis E occurs in high-income countries and is associated with contaminated pork and other meat products.
DANGER IN THE USE OF INTRATHECAL METHYLENE BLUE
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMUNIZATION WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDE
Authors: W. H. B.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1946)

Editorial1 May 1946IMMUNIZATION WITH PNEUMOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDEW. H. B.W. H. B.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-24-5-928 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring the past thirty years many studies on prophylactic immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia have been made with a number of different antigenic preparations. Among the earliest of these studies was that of Cecil and Austin1who tested the effect of prophylactic vaccination against pneumococcal pneumonia at Camp Upton, New York, in 1918. Their vaccine consisted of a saline suspension of heat-killed pneumococci types I, II, and III. Almost all investigators have concluded that immunization exerts a beneficial effect. In most of the studies, however, interpretation of the results was clouded by such variables as differences in the composition of the...1 CECILAUSTIN RJJH: Results of prophylactic inoculation against pneumococcus in 12,519 men, Jr. Exper. Med., 1918, xxviii, 19-41. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 FRANCISTILLETT TWS: Cutaneous reactions in pneumonia; development of antibodies following intradermal injection of type-specific polysaccharide, Jr. Exper. Med., 1930, lii, 573-585. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 MACLEODHODGESHEIDELBERGERBERNHARD CMRGMWG: Prevention of pneumococcal pneumonia by immunization with specific capsular polysaccharides, Jr. Exper. Med., 1945, lxxxii, 445-465. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1946Volume 24, Issue 5Page: 928-930KeywordsAntigensCyclic adenosine monophosphatePneumococcusPneumoniaPolysaccharidesVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1946 PDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic Epidemiology in <i>Circulation</i> and the <i>Circulation</i> Subspecialty Journals
Journal: Circulation (2012)

The following articles are being highlighted as part of Circulation's Topic Review series. This series will summarize the most important manuscripts, as selected by the editors, published in Circulation and the Circulation subspecialty journals. The studies included in this article represent the articles related to genetic epidemiology that were published in Circulation and its subspecialty journals in 2010 and 2011.
Cigarette Smoking Among American Indians, Alaskan Natives—Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1987-1991
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Conference on Cancer of the Bladder and Prostate
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1977)

Conference on Cancer of the Bladder and Prostate Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 2, August 1977, Page 543, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.2.543-d Published: 01 August 1977
Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rodney H. Falk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Electrocardiographically, atrial fibrillation is characterized by the presence of rapid, irregular, fibrillatory waves that vary in size, shape, and timing. This set of findings is usually associated with an irregular ventricular response, although regularization may occur in patients with complete heart block, an accelerated junctional or idioventricular rhythm, or a ventricular paced rhythm. In the past decade, we have gained a greater understanding of atrial fibrillation. Experimental studies have explored the mechanisms of the onset and maintenance of the arrhythmia; drugs have been tailored to specific cardiac ion channels; nonpharmacologic therapies have been introduced that are designed to control or . . .
Cause-Specific Mortality and Second Cancer Incidence after Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.
Authors: Elizabeth C. Bluhm, Cecile Ronckers, Robert J. Hayashi, Joseph P. Neglia, Ann C. Mertens, Anna T. Meadows, Pauline A. Mitby, Marilyn Stovall, Leslie L. Robison, Peter D. Inskip
Journal: Blood (2007)
Scanning electron microscopy of oral lesions in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
Authors: W. H. Wilborn
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The oral surfaces of 12 patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).<i>Candida albicans</i>in massive numbers populated the surface of the infected mouth of each patient. Although pseudohyphae were the predominant forms, blastospores and chlamydospores were also found. Pseudohyphae penetrated the epithelium and seemed to enter through holes in the keratinized cells. Because specimen processing for SEM can be completed within six hours, the scanning electron microscope can be used to identify<i>C albicans</i>more rapidly than culture methods. (<i>JAMA</i>244:2294-2297, 1980)
Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of pulmonary embolism. Report of the WHO/International Society and Federation of Cardiology Task Force
Authors: S. Z. Goldhaber
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To assess the state of the art of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism for the medical and other health-related professions, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society and Federation of Cardiology (ISFC) convened a task force in Geneva, Switzerland. Members of the task force prepared position papers and presented brief oral presentations. A report was subsequently prepared by the task force members, who contributed sections in their areas of expertise. Revisions of the report occurred both during the task force meeting itself in Geneva and during the ensuing months. The final report was approved by the WHO-ISFC Task Force on Pulmonary Embolism Steering Committee. More quantitative information is needed on the frequency of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in hospitalized medical patients as well as in outpatients at high risk. Population studies should focus on incidence, survival, and long-term complications in different parts of the world with respect to gender and race. Further educational efforts are needed to increase awareness about venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism prophylaxis. Finally, research into effective techniques for changing physician practice would be useful. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;268:1727-1733)
Transformation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons during Sampling
Authors: Anne Lindskog
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Individual PAH are shown to undergo chemical transformation when exposed to gases such as NO2, O3 and SO3. The possibility of artifact formation during sampling in stacks and in ambient air is discussed. PAH on soot, formed in a smoke gas generator, and exposed to NO chi and SO chi in a thermostated oven were degraded as a result of the sampling technique. Addition of NO2 (1 ppm) or gaseous HNO3 (120 ppb) during ambient air sampling caused degradation of individual PAH on particles and formation of the corresponding mononitro-PAH. Addition of 200 ppb O3 or 100 ppb gaseous HNO2 had no detectable effect. Thus, artifact formation can occur as a result of the presence of NO2, HNO3, or SO chi both in stack gas sampling and in sampling of PAH on particles in ambient air.
<i>Syphilis and the Nervous System.</i>—Being a revised reprint of the Lettsomian Lectures for 1890 delivered before the Medical Society of London. By W. R. Gowers, M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., Consulting Physician to University College Hospital, Physician to the National Hospital for the Paralyzed and Epileptic, etc. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston, Son &amp; Co., 1892. [12mo., pp. viii-131.]
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1893)
Correction
Journal: Circulation (2007)

In the article, "Compartmentalization of Cardiac Beta-Adrenergic Inotropy Modulation by Phosphodiesterase Type 5" by Takimoto et al (Circulation.2007;115:2159 -2167), 4 errors appeared.These corrections have been made to the current online version of the article, available at http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/115/16/2159. 1.In Table 1, line 4, "dPdtmax, mHg/s" should have read "dP/dtmax, mm Hg/s." 2. In Table 1, line 6, "CO, l/min" should have read "CO, mL/min."3.In Table 2, line 5, "dPdtmax, mHg/s" should have read "dP/dtmax, mm Hg/s."The authors regret these errors.4. In Table 2, line 2, "dPdtmax, IP/s" should have read "dP/dtmax/IP, s Ϫ1 .
Walking, jumping, collaboration, and competition characterize race to cystic fibrosis gene
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE INDENTIFICATION of the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene earlier this month culminated one of the most concerted and competitive efforts in the history of medical genetics. Cystic fibrosis' high incidence (one in 2000 births in the United States), severity, and resistance to prenatal diagnosis has made its gene an especially attractive prey for molecular biologists and geneticists. The race to find the gene began, for all practical purposes, in 1980 with the discovery that restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), stretches of DNA that vary among people, could serve as diagnostic markers if they were close enough to a disease gene to be inherited with the gene most of the time. By analyzing the DNA from several members of an affected family, it was often possible to tell which RFLP haplotype signaled the disease in that family. Lap-Chee Tsui, PhD, became involved in the quest to find RFLPs associated with the
Doctors and children's teeth.
Authors: P Stocker
Journal: BMJ (1979)

were enlarged and infiltrated.The urogenital, endocrine, reticuloendothelial, and central nervous system were macroscopically normal.In the chest there were bilateral small straw-coloured pleural effusions.Both lungs were rather voluminous but firm, with a granular appearance and texture.Histological examination of the formalininflated lungs revealed diffuse and focal interstitial fibrosis.Haematoxylin-van Gieson staining showed collagen in considerably increased amounts in the interstitium, with occasional areas showing even greater collagen deposition.Intra-alveolar fibrosis, as seen in organisation of proteinaceous exudates, was not evident.Some oedema was also seen.Occasional foci of plump expanded cells, probably of alveolar origin, were present, projecting into alveolar lumina.There was no evidence of Pneumocystis or fungi.A single very small focus of secondary adenocarcinoma was identified in one of numerous sections examined.These findings confirm that this patient had interstitial fibrosis.As other aetiological factors have been excluded, we feel that the interstitial fibrosis developed as a result of therapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C.
PRAGUE
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>The Selection of Medical Students</h3> Prof. B. Bouček of Brno collected recently some interesting figures in Czechoslovakia on medical education, which show a continuous increase in the number of medical students since 1926. The present number of medical students (over 6,000) was never reached before. He also traced the number of teachers and assistants at the medical schools and found that the teaching personnel had not increased correspondingly. This is more serious because the amount of teaching that must be presented to students is increasing rapidly. Professor Bouček followed further the progress of students during their stay at the medical school. He found that on the average there is one graduation a year among from seven to ten medical students. Only 15 per cent of the students pass the first examinations in the prescribed term. In his opinion, this is due to lack of care in selecting the students before