tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial of physical rehabilitation for very frail nursing home residents
Authors: C. D. Mulrow
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Background.</h3> —Past studies suggest multidisciplinary interventions that include physical therapy (PT) can improve function of nursing home residents. This trial specifically evaluates effects of PT for frail long-stay nursing home residents. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —One academic nursing home and eight community nursing homes. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 194 elderly nursing home residents dependent in at least two activities of daily living residing in the nursing home for at least 3 months. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Patients were randomized to individually tailored one-on-one PT sessions or friendly visits (FVs) three times a week for 4 months. Physical therapy included range-of-motion, strength, balance, transfer, and mobility exercises. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Performance-based physical function assessed by the Physical Disability Index; self-perceived health status assessed with the Sickness Impact Profile; observer-reported activities of daily living; and falls. <h3>Results.</h3> —Eighty-nine percent and 92% of PT and FV sessions, respectively, were attended; 5% and 9% of subjects dropped out in the PT group and FV group, respectively. Compared with the FV group, the PT group experienced no significant improvements in overall Physical Disability Index, Sickness Impact Profile, or activities of daily living scores. A 15.5% improvement in the mobility subscale of the Physical Disability Index was seen (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.4% to 24.7%); no benefits in range-of-motion, strength, or balance subscales were found. Compared with the FV group, the PT group used assistive devices for bed mobility tasks less often (<i>P</i>=.06) and were less likely to use assistive devices and wheelchairs for locomotion (<i>P</i>&lt;.005). There were 79 falls in the PT group vs 60 falls in the FV group (<i>P</i>=.11). Charge for the 4-month PT program was $1220 per subject (95% CI, $412 to $1832). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —This standardized physical therapy program provided modest mobility benefits for very frail long-stay nursing home residents with physical disability due to multiple comorbid conditions. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:519-524)
Queries and Minor Notes
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Croonian Lectures on the Influence of the Circulation upon the Nervous System
Authors: W. Moxon
Journal: BMJ (1881)

LECTURE III.-PART I. IN my last lecture, I endeavoured to show that certain special diseases, described in our text-books as congestion of the brain, must be referred fo other causes, and, indeed, chiefly to conditions the very reverse of a state of congestion; and I gave my reasons for believing that there is not any such disease as congestion of the brain, in the sense' of deter- mination of blood to the head-or, in other words, congestion as a cause or onset of attacks of diseases such as described in some of our leading works under several distinct forms, does not exist.Neither
Are clinical measures of cervical flexor endurance, divided attention and dynamic visual acuity different in elite youth ice hockey players who report a previous history of concussion compared to those who do not?
Authors: Kathryn J Schneider, Carolyn A Emery, Jian Kang, Willem Meeuwisse
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Objective To evaluate differences in baseline measures of cervical flexor endurance (CFE), walking while talking (WWTT) and computerised dynamic visual acuity (cDVA) in elite youth ice hockey players who do and do not report a previous history of concussion. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Community ice rinks and sport medicine clinic in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Participants 532 Bantam (12–14 years) and Midget (15–17 years) ice hockey players. Assessment of Risk Factors: Previous history of concussion was reported on a preseason demographic questionnaire. Main Outcome Measurements 458 players completed preseason tests of CFE, WWTT and cDVA (2011/12 hockey season). Results Multivariate linear regression, adjusted for cluster, age group and sex was used to estimate mean differences in clinical measurement scores by concussion history (yes/no). There was no evidence of a difference in CFE score or cDVA scores at 85° per second. The mean time to complete WWTT complex compared to self-selected walking speed in midget females reporting a previous concussion was 3.10 s higher (95% CI 1.40 to 4.79) than in midget females not reporting a previous concussion. Players with previous concussion had significantly lower cDVA score at 120° per second than players without a previous concussion [cDVA left =−0.033 logMAR (95% CI −0.064 to −0.0019); Bantam players cDVA right =−0.062 logMAR (95% CI −0.12 to −0.004). Conclusions Tasks of divided attention decreased mean self-selected walking speed more in midget femaless with a previous history of concussion compared to those without. Computerised dynamic visual acuity at 120° per second was lower in players with a previous history of concussion. Acknowledgements The University of Calgary Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre is one of the International Research Centres for Prevention of Injury and Protection of Athlete Health supported by the International Olympic Committee. We acknowledge the support of Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, the Alberta Children's Hospital Institute for Child and Maternal Health (Alberta Children's Hospital Foundation), and Talisman Energy.
OC-125 Iron deficiency anaemia is a common presenting issue with giant paraesophageal hernia and resolves following repair
Authors: S R Markar, P Carrott, J Hong, D Low
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Giant Paraesophageal hiatal hernias (PEH) are most commonly associated with symptoms of chest pain, early satiety and GERD. However, Iron-deficiency anaemia is an under-appreciated condition associated with giant PEH. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of iron-deficiency anaemia in a cohort of patients with giant PEH and assess the incidence of resolution associated with operative PEH repair. <h3>Methods</h3> Between 2000 and 2010, 270 patients underwent operative repair of PEH and were prospectively entered into an IRB-approved database. From this cohort, 123 (45.6%) patients demonstrated a pre-existing diagnosis of iron-deficiency anaemia. 77 patients had a documented pre-operative haemoglobin level (Hb) consistent with iron-deficiency anaemia and a follow-up Hb level at least 3 months following surgery and constituted the study population. <h3>Results</h3> From the cohort of 77 patients with documented pre-operative iron-deficiency anaemia, 72 (94%) underwent elective PEH repair, with a median age was 75 (range 39–91). Cameron erosions were endoscopically documented preoperatively in 25 patients (32%). The average preoperative Hb value was 11.8 (7.6–16). Postoperatively at 3–12 month follow-up, the average Hb level was 13.2 (10.7–17), and at more than 1 year follow-up it was 13.6 (9.2–17.2) (p&lt;0.05). Furthermore 90% of patients had a rise in post-operative haemoglobin level by at least 1 g/dl. Anaemia was fully resolved postoperatively (Hb≥12.0 in females, ≥14.0 in males) in 55 (71%) patients. This resolution was observed more commonly in women (40/50, 80%) than men (15/27, 56%, p&lt;0.05). Also younger patients (&lt;70 years) were more likely to resolve their anaemia (29/33 vs 26/44; p&lt;0.05) and have a greater post-operative Hb (14.0 vs 13.0 g/dl; p&lt;0.05) than older patients. 40 patients required preoperative iron supplementation, 29 (73%) were able to discontinue iron following surgery. There was no significant difference in the resolution of anaemia in patients with or without Cameron erosions (19/25 vs 36/52, p=0.54). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This single institution study shows a high incidence of iron-deficiency anaemia (45.6%) in patients with giant PEH. Elective repair results in resolution of the anaemia and discontinuation of iron supplementation therapy, in more than 70% of patients. This improvement in Hb is independent of the presence of pre-operative Cameron erosions. This study demonstrates the clinical and potential economic benefits of elective PEH repair of patients with Giant PEH and iron-deficiency anaemia. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Circumferential radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary vein ostia for curing atrial fibrillation: Long-term results from a large, single center experience Carlo Pappone, Salvatore Rosanio, Monica Tocchi, Filippo Gugliotta, Gabriele Vicedomini, Adriano Salvati, Simone Gulletta, Cosimo Dicandia, Patrizio Mazzone, Claudio Di Gloia, Anna Magnetti, Giuseppe Oreto. San Raffaele University Hospital, Milan, Italy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Simvastatin but not diet improves endothelial function within weeks Lisette O. Jensen, Knud E. Pedersen, Per Thayssen, Keld E. Sorensen, Steen Stender, Torben Haghfelt. Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Department of Cardiology, Skejby Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The Lone Eagle's last flight
Authors: M. M. Howell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN 1972, a surgeon performing a routine preoperative examination found an abnormal node that proved to be a lymphoma. The event was far from routine, however, for the patient was Charles A. Lindbergh, one of the most famous heroes of all time. Thus, the Lone Eagle embarked on his last flight, taking him two years, to his death in a remote cottage on Maui in Hawaii. Though he accepted the advice and assistance of medical experts all along the way, he was at the controls at all times. Lindbergh had been promptly and honestly informed of his diagnosis, and since a supraclavicular node had also been noted, he was well aware of the prognosis. Radiation therapy produced a welcome remission for a time. He was able to travel extensively on his many conservation missions; these included the preservation of a rare species of eagle and the study of the Stone-Age
Programs of Government Agencies Pertinent to Medical Education
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Histamine<sub>2</sub>-Receptor Antagonists
Authors: John A. Oates, Alastair J.J. Wood, Mark Feldman, Michael E. Burton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

H2 Blockers in Peptic Ulcer DiseaseDuodenal UlcerAll four H2 blockers, when used in the doses shown in Table 1, are capable of healing duodenal ulcer to approximately the same degree.203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 The average rates of healing with H2 blockers in several placebo-controlled studies among outpatients are shown in Figure 3. The rates of complete healing after two, four, and eight weeks of therapy averaged 51, 78, and 92 percent, all substantially higher than the rates of healing with placebo. It is apparent from Figure 3 that the healing curve for duodenal ulcer may not have reached a plateau after . . .
Abstract 18662: Ablation of Regions of Very Slow Conduction Within a Myocardial Scar and Recurrence of Ventricular Tachycardia After Catheter Ablation
Authors: Asad A Aboud, M. Benjamin Shoemaker, Pablo Saavedra, Juan C Estrada, Sharon Shen, Walter Clair, Jeffrey Rottman, Robert Abraham, George Crossley, Christopher R Ellis, Arvindh Kanagasundram
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: It has been established that areas of slow conduction within a myocardial scar identified by isochronal mapping during sinus rhythm harbor the functional substrate that is involved in sustaining ventricular tachycardia (VT). We sought to test the hypothesis that targeting the region of slowest conduction during sinus rhythm would reduce VT recurrence following ablation. Methods and Results: 32 subjects underwent ablation for sustained monomorphic VT associated with structural heart disease from 2013 to 2014. Sustained VT recurred in 12 patients (37.5%). Isochronal late activation maps were created to display activation during sinus rhythm in the region of bipolar scar. The scar was divided into three zones of equal activation time. The zone with the densest isochrones was designated as having the slowest conduction . We retrospectively analyzed isochronal maps and measured the proportion of the slowest zone that was ablated (median 14%, IQR 0-50). During a mean follow-up of 6 months, recurrence of ventricular arrhythmia was significantly associated with ablation of the slowest zone (OR 0.126, CI 0.024-0.68, p 0.016). Furthermore, univariate logistic regression demonstrated reduction of 30% in the 6-month VT recurrence rate for every 10% increase in percent of the slowest zone ablated (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5-1.0, p=0.05). Conclusions: Patients who had ablation in the region of slowest conduction were significantly less likely to have recurrence of ventricular tachycardia. Our data suggests a strategy to target the slowest region of conduction for substrate modification may hold promise for improving outcomes of scar-mediated VT ablation.
Instability of Prefrontal Signal Processing in Schizophrenia
Authors: Georg Winterer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Prefrontal dysfunction is considered a fundamental characteristic of schizophrenia. Recent electrophysiological evidence points to a major instability of signal processing in prefrontal cortical microcircuits because of reduced phase-synchronization (i.e., an increased stimulus-related variability [noise] of single-trial responses in the spatial and time domain). The authors used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a visual two-choice reaction task in order to measure, with higher topographic accuracy, signal stability in patients with schizophrenia and its relationship to more traditional measures of activation. Method: Twelve clinically stable inpatients with schizophrenia and 16 matched comparison subjects were evaluated. Event-related blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses were subjected to an analysis of residual noise variance and to independent data dimension independent component analysis in the medial prefrontal cortex. Results: In patients with schizophrenia, the authors found increased residual noise variance of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent response that predicted the level of prefrontal activation in these subjects. In the left hemisphere, residual noise variance strongly correlated with psychotic symptoms. Independent component analysis revealed a "fractionized" and unfocussed pattern of activation in patients. Conclusions: These findings suggest that unstable cortical signal processing underlies classic abnormal cortical activation patterns as well as psychosis in schizophrenia.
Erratum
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Physician-assisted suicide
Authors: P. Rousseau
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —My comments about the "double effect" and "sedating patients into oblivion" were not intended as a blanket indictment of the medical profession, but were intended to reflect on what is still a common practice. Nor was I calling into question the value of truly knowledgeable and compassionate management of pain in the dying patient, so well outlined by Dr Rousseau. However, Rousseau seems to agree that we are far from such ideal management of the competent, terminally ill patient who is encouraged at all times to participate in management decisions and whose pain is effectively treated. Because of the passage of ballot measure 16, many initiatives have been taken in Oregon to improve the care provided to the terminally ill, including the creation of a multidisciplinary "comfort care team" at Oregon Health Sciences University as described by Dr Tolle.<sup>1</sup>That goal, to improve care of the terminally
Headliners: Childhood Caner: Breastfeeding and the Risk of Childhood Leukemia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

School's In for SummerWhile many of her classmates were waiting tables at restaurants during the summer of 2004, Alicia Smith was in an NIEHS lab investigating how exposure to sodium arsenite regulates the procarcinogenic and proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase 2. Smith, then a rising senior at Orange High School in Hillsborough, North Carolina, is one of hundreds of high school, undergraduate, and graduate students nationwide who have participated in a paid summer student research fellowship supported by the NIEHS or the Community Outreach and Education Program of one of a number of NIEHS centers around the country.According to the sponsors and participants, these fellowships play an important role in exposing students to real-world science and encouraging them to pursue careers in environmental and biomedical research or health care.
A Model for Dose Rate and Duration of Exposure Effects in Radiation Carcinogenesis
Authors: Duncan C. Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Multistage models have been used to describe various features of the incidence of cancer including the shape of the age-incidence curve; the influence of age at, duration of, and time since exposure; and the synergistic effect of exposure to multiple carcinogens. However, the models require from five to seven distinct transformations that must occur in a particular sequence. The lack of experimental support for so many events suggests a simpler model involving only two mutational events with a proliferative advantage for intermediate-stage cells. Neither model easily explains the paradoxical phenomenon that protraction of low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation leads to lower risks per unit of total exposure, whereas the reverse occurs for high-LET radiation. In this paper, a three-stage model is considered that consists of two mutations at homologous sites, either or both of which might be induced by radiation, followed by activation of the transformed oncogene, which is not induced by radiation. Single-stranded lesions are potentially repairable, whereas double-stranded lesions may increase the proliferation rate. For low-LET radiation, these two mutations are more likely to occur as the result of independent transversals of a cell by separate quanta of radiation, whereas for high-LET radiation, they are more likely to occur simultaneously as the result of a single particle. The predictions of the model are illustrated for various patterns of exposure and choices of model parameters. Various tests of the proposed model are discussed.
VIVISECTION.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Author Correction
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

In Figure 1, the percentages were incorrect for patients having more than one emergency room visit in the last month of life (blue line in the figure).The correct percentages are as follows (incorrect values are in parentheses, as originally given in the figure): 7.8 (23.9) for 1993, 8.2 (24.6) for 1994, 8.7 (25.2) for 1995, 9.6 (25.2) for 1996, 9.8 (26.5) for 1997, 10.3 (26.8) for 1998, and 10.4 (28.2) for 1999.
Correction: Potentiation of the Novel Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Indenoisoquinoline LMP-400 by the Cell Checkpoint and Chk1-Chk2 Inhibitor AZD7762
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

In this article (Cancer Res 2012:979–89), which was published in the February 15, 2012, issue of Cancer Research (1), the structure shown in Fig. 1A is incorrect. The correct structure is below. The authors regret this error.