tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy With Allergens
Authors: Peter S. Creticos
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IMMUNOTHERAPY is the art of administering increasing doses of a specific extract comprising allergens to which the sensitive (atopic) individual would respond with allergic symptoms on natural environmental exposure in an attempt to alter that patient's immunologic response and thereby ameliorate the allergic patient's typical symptoms. Immunotherapy has its roots in the early immunization work carried out by Pasteur, Jenner, and others that led to the development of highly effective vaccines that have virtually eradicated a wide variety of diseases such as smallpox and polio. As practiced for the treatment of allergic diseases, it is based on the work of two English physicians, Noon and Freeman,<sup>1,2</sup>who in 1911 attempted to immunize grass "hayfever" sufferers with serial injections of grass-pollen extract. Although in their opinion the mechanism of action was that of an "antitoxin" produced against a "pollen toxin," their studies established that significant clinical improvement correlated with changes
A CRITICISM OF HOSPITAL LABORATORY EXAMINATIONS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PHILIPPUS THEOPHRASTUS AUREOLUS BOMBASTUS VON HOHENHEIM
Authors: J. H. T.
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Paracelsus was born near Zurich, Switzerland, the year after Columbus discovered the new world. He inherited his interest in medicine from his father, a practicing physician, a humanist, and a botanist. History has never produced a satisfactory explanation for the deep interest in philosophy manifested by Paracelsus and his approach to medicine that was at times Quixotic. Paracelsus was not a Christian name chosen by his parents. It was, in part, a nom de plume. He was fond of neologopoiesis (JAMA<b>173</b>:376 [May 28] 1960) and especially partial to the prefix<i>para</i>. It has been supposed that Paracelsus represents a combination of para and Celsus (superior to Celsus), the first important medical historian who lived in the reign of Tiberius Caesar. The medical practice of Para
Abstract 2495: Glucosamine enhances TRAIL-induces apoptosis in DU145 and Hela cancer cell lines
Authors: Chao Sun, Viktor Chesnokov, Keiichi Itakura
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has attracted wide attention and extensive research because of selective apoptosis of tumor cells but not of normal cells. However, the clinical trials using TRAIL alone were disappointed due to the resistance of cancer cells to the TRAIL-treatment. Several resistant mechanisms, such as low expression of death receptors, and overexpression of cFLIP, BCL-2 antiapoptotic family members and XIAP were proposed. Tunicamycin was reported to enhance the expression of death receptor 5 through the activation of CHOP. Similar to tunicamycin, glucosamine is known to increase the expression of CHOP by inducing ER stress. We thus investigated whether glucosamine could increase the expression of death receptor 5 to overcome TRAIL-resistance. We found that glucosamine treatment of DU145 cells did not increase the expression of death receptor 5 on the cell surface, even though the overall expression was increased. However, glucosamine significantly increased TRAIL-induced apoptosis in DU145 and Hela cells. Our investigation revealed that glucosamine sensitized cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, as evidenced by the cleavage of both caspase 9 and caspase 8. Our data further showed that the combination of TRAIL with glucosamine suppressed the expression of cFLIP, BCL-2 and XIAP, translocated BAK to the mitochondrial outer membrane, and released cytochrome C and SMAC from mitochondrial. Interestingly, in addition to the activation of apoptotic pathways, TRAIL-mediated inflammatory responses were attenuated by glucosamine treatment. Pretreatment of glucosamine reduced the TRAIL-induced nuclear NF-kB level and the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. Together, these results demonstrated that the combination treatment, TRAIL with glucosamine, may provide a promising novel strategy for treating different human cancers by overcoming TRAIL-resistance and inhibiting TRAIL-induced inflammation. Citation Format: Chao Sun, Viktor Chesnokov, Keiichi Itakura. Glucosamine enhances TRAIL-induces apoptosis in DU145 and Hela cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2495.
Illustrations of Exceptional Symptoms and Examples of Rare Forms of Disease
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1886)

Ivirn in full dos, and often requires to be puslied to its physiological iit; Miprovqment seldom sets in untilsix-minim or eight-mInim doses of the liquor araenicalis are reached, but the dose should be small at first, and gradually increased.Where that has failed-and, like all sUC4 remndies, it fails sotnetimes-I have usually succeeded with tincture of belfadouna, also given in unconventional doses, up to thirty minims or more.Dr. Tilbury Fox advocated quinine in two-grain to five-grain doses; aud, i1o doubt, it is useful iu somo cases-for example, Case vi, in wbich atropiuc failed; while cod-liver oil for the broken- down is strongly iuAicated.Locally, the object is to relieve the pruritus for this, the best agent, in my hands, has been a lotion of two deraclius of liquor carbonic deter- gens to eight ounces of water, applied freely whenever the pruritus is troublesome; this has always given temporary relief, and the pre- YvutionI of scmtch'wg is very important.Other antipruritics may be used, such as sanitas diluted with equal parts of water, etc.
Effect of AIC (AmbA 1 immunostimulatory oligonucleotide conjugate) on nasal allergen challenge and inflammatory response to seasonal ragweed exposure
Authors: Francois Lavigne, Martin Y Desrosiers, Martin Blacquiere, Normand Dube, Patrice Vaillancourt, Meri Tulic, Joseph Eiden, Qutayba A Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Immunotherapy trials.
Authors: H A van den Brenk, H B Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (1977)

district management team for all medical laboratory investigations performed in the district."The IMLS document on "Future Staffing in the Medical Laboratory Service" further states that "senior members of the profession decide the priority of work to be done and play a part in deciding on further and conse- quent tests."I assume that "profession" referred to in this paragraph means members of the IMLS.
Influenza in Children
Authors: W. Paul Glezen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

During the 1975-1976 respiratory disease season, influenza A/Victoria virus exceeded respiratory syncytial (RS) virus as a cause of lower respiratory tract disease (LRD) in children admitted to the hospital. This was a reversal of their usual roles in the etiology of LRD; however, the importance of influenza viruses in causing serious disease in children has been underestimated because of failure to appreciate the full spectrum of disease associated with influenza virus infections. In addition to those with LRD, several children were hospitalized with nonspecific febrile illnesses or CNS involvement. Furthermore, in the ambulatory care setting, influenza viruses were the most important cause of illness that necessitated children's being brought for medical care during a three-year period. During the peak of epidemics, influenza viruses appeared to interfere with the spread of other major respiratory viruses—particularly RS virus. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1345-1349, 1980)
AIDS in Africa
Authors: Omoigui Nowa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 August 1992AIDS in AfricaOmoigui Nowa, MDMPHOmoigui Nowa, MDMPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-4-347 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In a recent issue of Annals, two interesting articles about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Africa were published (1, 2). One article was a single-city, clinic-based prospective cohort study from Kigali, Rwanda, and the other was an editorial that proposed to examine the future of AIDS in Africa as a whole. I commend the authors of both articles for their valuable contributions.Future epidemiologic surveys of AIDS in African countries, however, should evaluate not only the urban-rural discrepancy in prevalence but also the variations between urban centers that are coastal in location (or ports of entry...References1. LindanAllenSerufiliraLifsonVan de PerreBatungwanayo CSAAPJ. Predictors of mortality among HIV-infected women in Kigali, Rwanda. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:320-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Berkley S. HIV in Africa: what is the future? Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:339-41. LinkGoogle Scholar3. . The second 100 000 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: United States, June 1981—December 1991. MMWR. 1992 Jan 17;41:28-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar1. Asedri V. 790,522 Ugandans are HIV positive. The New Vision. Kampala, Uganda. 1989;4(271). Google Scholar2. MohammedNasidiChikwemHarry IAJT. Nigeria: a possible buffer zone for HIV in Africa [Abstract 033]. Fourth International Conference on AIDS and Associated Cancers in Africa. Marseille, France; October 18-20, 1989. Google Scholar3. DadaAjayiRansome-KutiWilliamsAbebeLevin AJOGEA. Prevalence survey of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in female prostitutes in Lagos state, Nigeria [Abstract MC 3295]. Seventh International Conference on AIDS. Florence, Italy; June 16-21, 1991. Google Scholar4. HarryEkennaChikwemMohammedSakwaAdeyera TOJIMS. Seroepidemiology of HIV infection in Borno state of Nigeria by sentinel surveillance [Abstract TA 111]. Sixth International Conference on AIDS in Africa. Dakar, Senegal; December 16-19, 1991. Google Scholar5. Uwakwe C. Trends in Nigerian University students' heterosexual behaviors: counselling implications in the age of AIDS [Abstract MD 4002]. Seventh International Conference on AIDS. Florence, Italy; June 16-21, 1991. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305-5246 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1992Volume 117, Issue 4Page: 347-348KeywordsAIDSCohort studiesEpidemiologyForecasting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 August 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Early-Career Scientists Advocate for Funding on Capitol Hill
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2018)

Abstract Congress recently approved a $3 billion NIH budget increase for fiscal year 2018, the third year of a significant increase after a period of flat or declining funding, but early-career scientists deciding whether to pursue a career in research need stable, long-term funding over many years. Some of these investigators traveled to Capitol Hill last month and met with members of Congress and their staffs to advocate for sustainable, reliable government research funding.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in Saudi Arabia. The American-Saudi connection
Authors: H. A. Harfi
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Two Saudi Arabian patients, one adult and one child, developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 2 1/2 and 3 1/2 years after blood transfusion. Both patients received blood imported from the United States in 1981. These are the first cases reported in Saudi Arabia. Since an undetermined number of Saudi patients have received blood imported from the United States, an outbreak of AIDS in Saudi Arabia might prove to be a serious problem in the near future. Measures such as limiting the importation of blood products from countries with a high incidence of AIDS and screening for human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III should be taken to stop the spread of this fatal disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:383-384)
Mapping of the IgG and IgE Sequential Epitopes of Milk Allergens Using a Peptide Microarray-Based Immunoassay
Authors: I CERECEDO, J ZAMORA, W SHREFFLER, J LIN, M DIEGUEZ, L BARDINA, J WANG, B DELAHOZ, H SAMPSON
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
The Beverly Hills diet. Dangers of the newest weight loss fad
Authors: G. B. Mirkin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

EVERY year, at least one new diet book captures the fancy of the American public, a large segment of which is overweight and miserable about it. "Fad" diets often zoom to the top of the best-seller lists, despite the fact that they are usually scientifically unsound and potentially dangerous. In most instances, the author is promoted as an authority on weight loss who has discovered a new, revolutionary, and easy solution to obesity. Unfortunately, there are no simple solutions, as legitimate obesity experts know all too well. The only way to lose excess fat is to burn more calories than you take in—often an onerous and protracted process. The diet books keep selling because the public keeps hoping for some miraculous cure. The most recent rage has been<i>The Beverly Hills Diet</i>,<sup>1</sup>which suffers from many of the same ills as previous books of its type. Its author is
Mining the Diagnostic Iron Ore
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prospective study of hepatitis B virus infection and its genotypes in the north-eastern India region
Authors: Premashis Kar, Bhabadev Goswami, Jagdish Mahanta, Thongam Bhimo, Anup Kumar Das, Manab Deka, Kyrshanlang G Lynrah, Mool Raj Kotwal, Pradip Bhaumik, Moji Jini, Rahul Karna, Vijaya Kumar Karra
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Hepatic amino-nitrogen clearance to urea-nitrogen in control subjects and in patients with cirrhosis: A simplified method
Authors: G Bianchi
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The functional hepatic nitrogen clearance during amino acid infusion is a measure of liver cell mass. The clinical feasibility of the test has so far been limited by methodological problems. A simplified procedure was used to measure the urea-nitrogen synthesis rate and functional hepatic nitrogen clearance in nine subjects with normal liver function and in nine patients with cirrhosis. The method was based on only four consecutive 2-hr urine collections and five blood samples. Total body water was calculated from a nomogram based on age and anthropometric data, whereas the gut urea hydrolysis was assigned one fixed fraction of synthesis (0.17 in control subjects and 0.26 in patients with cirrhosis). Finally, a solution of a single amino acid, alanine, was infused as substrate for urea synthesis. Urea-nitrogen synthesis rate increased linearly with increasing α-amino-nitrogen concentration, and the slope of the regression (functional hepatic nitrogen clearance) was reduced in cirrhosis from 37.5 ± 7.0 L/hr to 18.4 ± 6.7 L/hr; p <0.005. The hepatic nitrogen clearance was linearly related to the clinical status (Child-Pugh score), to routine liver function tests and to galactose elimination capacity (r = 0.869), a wellestablished, quantitative, liver function measure. The simplified method makes the measurement of hepatic nitrogen clearance suitable for routine clinical use. The test might prove useful to study the alterations of nitrogen metabolism in cirrhosis, with special reference to hepatic encephalopathy. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:460–466.)
Abstract 19126: Endothelial-specific Deletion of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 (PHD2) Results in Severe Pulmonary Hypertension in Mice by Enhancing the HIF2alpha Signaling Pathway
Authors: Haiyang Tang, Yali Gu, Ramon Aryon, Shanshan Song, Ruby A Fernandez, Joe G Garcia, Ayako Makino, Jason X Yuan
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Rationale: Sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction and excessive vascular remodeling are major causes of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance which leads to increased pulmonary arterial pressure in patients with pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxic-inducible factor (HIF) and its upstream regulators have been linked to the hypoxia response in vascular remodeling and the development of pulmonary hypertension. In this study, we aimed at defining whether increased HIF1α and/or HIF2α, due to endothelial cell specific deletion of prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) under normoxic condition are involved in or required for the initiation and progression of pulmonary hypertension. Methods: PHD2, HIF1α and HIF2α conditional knockout mice were created. Right ventricle systolic pressures (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy by RV/(LV+S) ratios, and small pulmonary artery smooth muscle layer thickness were measured. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) were isolated from wild type (WT) or knockout (KO) mice, followed with cell-based assays. Results: We report here that mice with targeted deletion of PHD2 developed severe pulmonary hypertension under normoxic condition. Conditional and inducible deletion of HIF2α in endothelial cells, but not smooth muscle cells, dramatically protected mice from hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. HIF2α KO mice had significantly lower RVSP, RV/(LV+S) ratios, and displayed less pulmonary vascular remodeling when exposed to hypoxia compared to their WT mice. Conclusion: This work shows that the endothelium is responsible for the development of pulmonary hypertension and it demonstrates a crucial role of PHD2/HIF signaling for hypoxic response in pulmonary hypertension. These findings unveil temporally and spatially distinct functions for HIFs in the development of pulmonary hypertension.
Emergency Service Manual.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic-ultrasound guided trucut biopsy in patients with gastric submucosal tumors: a prospective study
Authors: M. Polkowski, W. Gerke, D. Jarosz, A. Nasierowska-Guttmejer, P. Rutkowski, Z. Nowecki, W. Ruka, J. Regula, E. Butruk
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Correction to: Diagnostic yield and safety of endoscopic-ultrasound guided trucut biopsy in patients with gastric submucosal tumors: a prospective studyEndoscopy 2009; 41(04): 329-334DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214447
Manganese: Brain Transport and Emerging Research Needs
Authors: Michael Aschner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) represents a common neurodegenerative disorder.An estimated 2% of the U.S. population, age 65 and older, develops IPD.The number of IPD patients will certainly increase over the next several decades as the baby-boomers gradually step into this high-risk age group, concomitant with the increase in the average life expectancy.While many studies have suggested that industrial chemicals and pesticides may underlie IPD, its etiology remains elusive.Among the toxic metals, the relationship between manganese intoxication and IPD has long been recognized.The neurological signs of manganism have received close attention because they resemble several clinical disorders collectively described as extrapyramidal motor system dysfunction, and in particular, IPD and dystonia.However, distinct dissimilarities between IPD and manganism are well established, and it remains to be determined whether Mn plays an etiologic role in IPD.It is particularly noteworthy that as a result of a recent court decision, methylcyclopentadienyl Mn tricarbonyl (MMT) is presently available in the United States and Canada for use in fuel, replacing lead as an antiknock additive.The impact of potential long-term exposure to low levels of MMT combustion products that may be present in emissions from automobiles has yet to be fully evaluated.Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that recent studies with various environmental modeling approaches in the Montreal metropolitan (where MMT has been used for more than 10 years) suggest that airborne Mn levels were quite similar to those in areas where MMT was not used.These studies also show that Mn is emitted from the tail pipe of motor vehicles primarily as a mixture of manganese phosphate and manganese sulfate.This brief review characterizes the Mn speciation in the blood and the transport kinetics of Mn into the central nervous system, a critical step in the accumulation of Mn within the brain, outlines the potential susceptibility of selected populations (e.g., iron-deficient) to Mn exposure, and addresses future research needs for Mn.