tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Artificial heart implantation: what limitations are imposed by infectious complications?
Authors: L. B. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Recently, the interests and efforts of the scientific community to support or replace the severely dysfunctioning heart for variable periods have focused on the implantable total artificial heart (TAH) and the mechanical ventricular assist pump (VAP). Despite important technical advances in biomaterials, in the mechanical aspects of the devices, and in power sources, life-threatening thromboembolic, hemorrhagic, and infectious complications were promptly noted in association with use of these devices. Furthermore, use of the TAH was made difficult by the limited space available for its implantation within the thorax, while use of the VAP was restricted by its extracorporeal placement. Concurrent with the efforts to develop these mechanical devices, orthotopic cardiac transplantation became a reality. By the end of 1985, an international registry reported that 2577 patients had received cardiac transplants and that four-year survival among those heart recipients treated with cyclosporine was, by actuarial analysis, 76%.<sup>1</sup>The successes of
Miscellaneous
Authors: L. Pávics
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Several methods are available to examine the function and morphology of the lacrimal drainage system under physiological conditions. Radionuclide scintigraphy is a sensitive method which is not cumbersome for the patient. Dacryoscintigraphy was first introduced by Rossomondo et al. in 1972. Since then the method has been modified by several groups and its significance supported by numerous studies. Indications of dacryoscintigraphy are obstructive disorders of the lacrimal drainage system. The method is helpful in the diagnosis of tear flow disturbances and in the follow-up for the detection of therapy response (von Denffer et al. 1984; Brockmann et al. 2005).
Pediatrics. Neonatology
Authors: A. I. Eidelman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Rarely in medicine has the explosion in our knowledge of pathophysiology been matched by the development of advanced technology and comprehensive health planning as it has in the subspecialty of the decade of the 1970s, neonatology. As a result, a dramatic reduction in neonatal mortality and morbidity has occurred, and a new generation of pediatric subspecialists, the neonatologists, has emerged to extend the success of the 1970s into the 1980s. <h3>Respiratory Distress Syndrome</h3> Tracing the progress in understanding of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), the major cause of immediate neonatal mortality, graphically illustrates this phenomenon. Animal experiments in the 1960s supported the theory that RDS is due to a developmental deficiency of lung surface-active phospholipids (surfactant). The consequences are, clinically, severe respiratory distress; physiologically, diminished lung volume and alveolar instability; and, biochemically, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and acidemia. In 1971, Gluck et al<sup>1</sup>demonstrated that one could monitor fetal lung maturity by
CHOREA.
Authors: HENRY HATCH
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In discussing the subject of chorea I am well aware that it may, at first thought, seem a dry subject to you. But in bringing up this subject it is that I may awaken new life, and bring forth new ideas, and thereby get a more tangible and satisfactory understanding of the etiology and pathology of this very troublesome disease. Troublesome, not alone to the patient and friends, but troublesome as well to the physician, on account of the tenacity with which it holds to its victim. No disease causes more anxiety than this disease, chorea, for it is often hard to convince an anxious mother, when her child is never still on account of the violent nervous movements and excessive agitations, that it is not very ill, and that you do not expect a serious outcome. To launch out in a new channel may cause you to exclaim, mentally,
Survey of Physicians' Attitudes And Practices in Early Cancer Detection
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1985)

Most primary care physicians are already involved in some form of cancer detection in asymptomatic patients, and most say their involvement is increasing. With the exception of the proctoscopic examination and mammography, major detection procedures are being used with asymptomatic patients by a majority of physicians. In many instances, physicians' use of detection procedures does not conform with guidelines for the cancer-related checkup recommended by the American Cancer Society. Although they may disagree with some guidelines, most physicians agree they are generally helpful. Physicians disagree with guidelines for mammography, because they feel the cost of the test and radiation exposure associated with its use argue against patients' being tested annually, or being tested at all in the absence of symptoms. In contrast, belief that testing is needed at least once a year is the basis for physicians' disagreement with Pap test guidelines. Physicians also resist discontinuing use of the chest x-ray for early cancer detection, because they want to screen smokers annually. While there is substantial agreement on the value of proctoscopy in cancer detection in asymptomatic people, many physicians are not doing a proctoscopic exam if a patient's stool blood test is negative. Patient fear, discomfort, and the cost of testing influence physician decisions against proctoscopic examination. However, the growing interest in flexible sigmoidoscopy may change attitudes and influence practice toward more general use of proctoscopy. Primary care physicians widely support cancer education, both for the public and with patients in their own practice.
A Text-Book of Insanity.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Acrylamide Gel: II. Improved Apparatus and Technique for Removal of Background Stain by Electric Current
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Isolated Perfused Rat Lung Preparation
Authors: Stephen L. Young
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

An isolated perfused rat lung preparation (IPL) is described and its physiologic status is evaluated. The evaluation includes light and electron microscopy after perfusion and estimations of substrate utilization. ATP content, lactate production, and incorporation of glucose carbons into lipids and CO2. It is concluded that the IPL is useful for short-term metabolic and physiologic experiments and offers some unique advantages in evaluating effects of reactive gases upon lung function.
Das Handskelett im Lichte der Röntgenstrahlen.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanistic Considerations in Benzene Physiological Model Development
Authors: Michele A. Medinsky, Elaina M. Kenyon, Mark J. Seaton, Paul M. Schlosser
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Benzene, an important industrial solvent, is also present in unleaded gasoline and cigarette smoke.The hematotoxic effects of benzene in humans are well documented and include aplastic anemia, pancytopenia, and acute myelogenous leukemia.However, the risks of leukemia at low exposure concentrations have not been established.A combination of metabolites (hydroquinone and phenol, for example) may be necessary to duplicate the hematotoxic effect of benzene, perhaps due in part to the synergistic effect of phenol on myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation of hydroquinone to the reactive metabolite benzoquinone.Because benzene and its hydroxylated metabolites (phenol, hydroquinone, and catechol) are substrates for the same cytochrome P450 enzymes, competitive interactions among the metabolites are possible.In vivo data on metabolite formation by mice exposed to various benzene concentrations are consistent with competitive inhibition of phenol oxidation by benzene.In vitro studies of the metabolic oxidation of benzene, phenol, and hydroquinone are consistent with the mechanism of competitive interaction among the metabolites.The dosimetry of benzene and its metabolites in the target tissue, bone marrow, depends on the balance of activation processes such as enzymatic oxidation and deactivation processes such as conjugation and excretion.Phenol, the primary benzene metabolite, can undergo both oxidation and conjugation.Thus the potential exists for competition among various enzymes for phenol.Zonal localization of phase and phase 11 enzymes in various regions of the liver acinus also impacts this competition.Biologically based dosimetry models that incorporate the important determinants of benzene flux, including interactions with other chemicals, will enable prediction of target tissue doses of benzene and metabolites at low exposure concentrations relevant for humans.
THE POISONS OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THU0519 Chronicity of Rheumatoid Arthritis Affects the Responsiveness of Physical Function, but not of Disease Activity Measures in Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials
Authors: D. Aletaha, F. Alasti, J.S. Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> It has been shown that functional measures in rheumatiod arthritis (RA) are less responsive in patients with established or late disease as compared to early RA, because chronic irreversible functional damage is present.<sup>1</sup> They thus may not be useful as disease activity measures. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to investigate whether this finding is specific to functional measures, or if it similarly also relates to other RA disease activity measures. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed a pooled analysis of patient level clinical trial data of patients with early, established, and late RA, including the TEMPO trial, the European leflunomide trials, the ATTRACT, and the DE019 trials. Using logistic regression analysis, we investigated the effects of duration of RA on the ability to achieve a 25% response at six months in the individual RA core set measures. Moreover, we performed a number of sensitivity analyses to support our findings. <h3>Results</h3> The probability of response in functional scores decreased from &gt;60% in early disease to &lt;40% in established/late disease (p=0.0023; see Figure). No such association of responsiveness with chronicity of RA was seen in any of the other core set variables or composite indices (Figure). The effect of chronicity solely on functional responses was confirmed in all sensitivity analyses, including the use of structural chronicity (i.e. using radiographic damage) instead of temporal chronicity, the use of a 50% response level instead of 25%, as well as using the 3 month instead of the 6 month time point of response assessment. <h3>Image/graph:</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> While physical function is among the most important outcomes of RA, its use as a substitute for disease activity is erratic depending on the chronicity of RA. Here it was shown for the first time that this phenomenon is specific to functional measures, but does not apply to any other core set measure of RA disease activity. <h3>References</h3> Measuring function in rheumatoid arthritis: Identifying reversible and irreversible components. Arthritis Rheum 2006; 54(9):2784-2792. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We thank Abbott, Centocor (Janssen), Sanofi-Aventis, and Wyeth (Pfizer), for providing the random sample of the original data from their trials. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Aggravation of diabetic hyperglycemia by chlordiazepoxide
Authors: B. Zumoff
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The administration of chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride, 40 mg daily, aggravated the hyperglycemia in an insulin-dependent, maturity-onset diabetic woman, raising the fasting blood glucose values from 220 mg/100 ml to 380 mg/100 ml. Review of the literature shows that virtually all psychoactive drugs affect diabetes; most tranquilizers aggravate diabetic hyperglycemia, while most antidepressants ameliorate it. The effect described in this communication is of clinical importance because of the widespread use of the benzodiazepine tranquilizers. (<i>JAMA</i>237:1960-1961, 1977)
Neonatal Screening Varies by State of Birth
Authors: M. Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2000)

A newborn in Ohio is screened for homocystinuria. A newborn in Oregon is not, but is screened for biotinidase, something that isn't part of the screening panel in Ohio. Newborns in Massachusetts are screened for 11 congenital conditions; in South Dakota, for only three.
Mechanism of ionomycin-induced intracellular alkalinization of rat hepatocytes
Authors: M Anwer
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Calcium ionophores such as ionomycin and A23187 are often used to determine the role of intracellular Ca+ + in cellular processes. Ionomycin but not Ca+ +-mobilizing agonists increases basal intracellular pH in hepatocytes. To explain this difference in effects of agents that increase intracellular Ca+ + concentration, the mechanism of ionomycin-induced increases in basal intracellular pH in isolated rat hepatocytes was studied. Changes in intracellular pH and intracellular Ca+ + concentration were measured with the fluorescent probes BCECF (2′,7′-bis-2-[carboxyethyl ester]-5[6]carboxyfluorescein) and quin-2, respectively. Ionomycin produced dose-dependent increases in intracellular pH and intracellular Ca+ + concentration, with the increase in intracellular Ca+ + concentration preceded by the increase in intracellular pH. Ionomycin-induced increases in intracellular pH were not affected by I mmol/L amiloride, 100 μmol/L diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonate or removal of extracellular Na+, indicating that the effect is not mediated by Na+/H+ exchange, Cl−/HCO3− exchange or Na+/HCO3− cotransport. Ionomycin failed to increase intracellular pH or intracellular Ca+ + concentration in the absence of extracellular Ca+ +, and both intracellular pH and intracellular Ca+ + concentration increased promptly when extracellular Ca+ + was reintroduced. Ionomycin-induced increases in intracellular Ca+ + concentration but not intracellular pH were smaller in hepatocytes loaded with the Ca+ + buffering agent MAPTA. Thapsigargin increased intracellular Ca+ + concentration but failed to increase intracellular pH. Thus the effect of ionomycin is independent of the effect of ionomycin on intracellular Ca+ + concentration and dependent on extracellular intracellular Ca+ + concentration. Experimental conditions that produce cell depolarization did not increase basal intracellular pH but lowered ionomycininduced increases in intracellular pH by 25% without affecting increases in intracellular Ca+ + concentration. Taken together, these results indicate that the increase in basal intracellular pH may primarily be due to ionomycin-mediated electroneutral Ca+ +/2H+ exchange across the hepatocyte plasma membrane. Because the effect of ionomycin is not mediated by Na+/H+ exchange, the activity of this exchanger under basal conditions is not regulated by intracellular Ca+ +. These results also suggest that the pharmacological effects of ionomycin in hepatocytes are mediated by changes in intracellular pH in addition to or independent of changes in intracellular Ca+ + concentration. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:433–439).
France's birth rate matches high Irish levels
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Our review indicates that there is no reliable evidence supporting the effectiveness of pedestrian education for preventing injuries in children and inconsistent evidence that it might improve their behaviour, attitudes, and knowledge.While the value of safety education of pedestrians remains in doubt, environmental modification and the enforcement of appropriate speed limits may be more effective strategies to protect children from road traffic. ConclusionsPedestrian safety education can improve children's knowledge of the road crossing task and can change observed road crossing behaviour, but whether this reduces the risk of pedestrian-motor vehicle collision is unknown.No trial focused on the other vulnerable road users, elderly pedestrians.None of the trials was conducted in low and middle income countries.
Aspirin for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Older Japanese Patients—Reply
Authors: Yasuo Ikeda
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chelating Agents and Cadmium Toxicity: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Gunnar F. Nordberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Symptoms and signs in humans after excessive exposure to cadmium usually involve the gastrointestinal tract after single oral intake, the lung after acute inhalation, and the kidney after long-term exposure. These organs are usually considered to be the "critical" organs, i.e., the organs most sensitive at a certain type of exposure. The type of Cd-related damage that is most common in humans is probably the renal toxicity after long-term exposure. Most animal experiments, including the most recently published ones, have involved study of gross toxicity and tissue distribution after injection of cadmium in acute experiments. The observations in the older literature that the influence of chelating agents on Cd distribution and excretion is confined to the early period after acute Cd exposure has been confirmed and extended, and the relationship to the time course of metallothionein synthesis has been demonstrated. Although the injection experiments concerning cadmium distribution, particularly those employing repeated exposure, may furnish information that can form a basis for speculation about long-term toxicity to the kidney, there is a lack of direct studies in animals of possible beneficial effects of chelating agents on renal toxicity of cadmium after prolonged exposure. Among the few studies reported, either an increased renal toxicity or a lack of influence on renal toxicity has been observed. The problems in finding a treatment scheme that can be beneficial for the renal toxicity resulting from long-term cadmium exposure thus remain; however, the prospects of finding such schemes in the future seem favorable in view of some of the recent observations.