tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Oncotaxis
Authors: Robert P. DerHagopian
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Tumor recurrence after a prolonged disease-free interval suggests that neoplastic cells may remain dormant within the host. Activation and growth of these metastatic focuses may occur secondary to inflammation at sites distant from the primary tumor. The concept of inflammatory oncotaxis is presented as a mechanism of cancer cell attraction and facilitation of transcapillary migration into tissue spaces. Physicians should focus astutely on internal and external sites of inflammation as possible focuses for tumor recurrence in the follow-up of the cancer patient.
Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen and the Risk of Surgical Wound Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial—Correction
Authors: Vance Fowler
Journal: JAMA (2005)

acteristics such as size, mobility, extent, and location, the subject remains incompletely understood.The effect of vegetation size on the risk of embolization was addressed in a metaanalysis of 10 studies involving 738 patients. 3In this metaanalysis, the risk of embolization in patients with vegetations more than 1cm in size was almost 3 times higher than in those patients with nondetectable or small vegetations (odds ratio, 2.90; 95% confidence interval, 1.95-4.02).Sanfilipo et al 4 evaluated 219 patients with vegetations and found that prolapsing vegetations and involvement of extravalvular structures increased the risk of stroke.The location of valvular involvement may also have prognostic significance, with mitral valve associated with higher rates of stroke than aortic valve, and anterior leaflet associated with higher rates than posterior leaflet. 5In addition to collecting the clinical data on our patients, ICE-PCS maintains a core laboratory in which echocardiograms from enrolled patients are stored.We will be able to address the issue of echocardiographic predictors as well as interobserver variation in interpretation, a potentially important confounder in these investigations. 6r Lorber inquired about the low reported rates of dental procedures antedating episodes of viridans group streptococcal IE in our study.The data compiled within the ICE-PCS do indeed suggest that a significant proportion of the viridans streptococcal IE cases from this multinational cohort occurred in the absence of recent dental work.8][9] We are conducting analyses to evaluate the role of these procedures on the development of endocarditis in the ICE-PCS cohort.
Errors in Table 2
Authors: Semmes Murphey, Nitin Goyal
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

Marion Moseby-Knappe, MD; Niklas Mattsson, PhD; Niklas Nielsen, PhD; Henrik Zetterberg, PhD; Kaj Blennow, PhD; Josef Dankiewicz, PhD; Irina Dragancea, PhD; Hans Friberg, PhD; Gisela Lilja, PhD; Philip S. Insel, MS; Christian Rylander, PhD; Erik Westhall, PhD; Jesper Kjaergaard, PhD; Matt P. Wise, PhD; Christian Hassager, PhD; Michael A. Kuiper, PhD; Pascal Stammet, PhD; Michael C. Jaeger Wanscher, PhD; Jørn Wetterslev, PhD; David Erlinge, PhD; Janneke Horn, PhD; Tommaso Pellis, MD; Tobias Cronberg, PhD
Pediatrics
Authors: John S. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The attention of pediatricians continues to be called to the harmful effects of cigarette smoke in children. Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with higher rates of spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, stillbirth, low birth weight, and sudden infant death syndrome. During infancy and childhood, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infection, middle-ear effusion, asthma, and lower respiratory tract infection. Children with asthma have more severe manifestations of disease when exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. During later childhood and adolescence, children themselves may begin to smoke, assuming risks of long-term pulmonary dysfunction and lung cancer similar to those observed in adults.<sup>1</sup> In the United States, 27% of women in their childbearing years smoke cigarettes.<sup>2</sup>Previous attempts have been made to relate neurodevelopmental deficits to maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and early infancy. These studies have been confounded by failure to separate
Robot-Assisted Therapy for Long-Term Upper-Limb Impairment after Stroke
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

In the Cost Analysis subsection of Results (page 1779), the dollar values given in the first two sentences were incorrect.The sentences should have read, "The average per-patient cost of therapy was $5,152 for patients receiving robot-assisted therapy and $7,382 for those receiving intensive comparison therapy.After 36 weeks, the average total cost (therapy plus the cost of all other health care use) was $17,831 for robot-assisted therapy, $19,746 for intensive comparison therapy, and $19,098 for usual care," rather than ". . .$9,977 for patients receiving robot-assisted therapy and $8,269 for those receiving intensive comparison therapy. . . .$15,562 for robot-assisted therapy, $15,605 for intensive comparison therapy, and $14,343 for usual care."The article is correct at NEJM.org.
Impact of Stromal Sensitivity on Radiation Response of Tumors
Authors: W. Budach, A. Taghian, J. Freeman, D. Gioioso, H. D. Suit
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Irradiation of tumors causes the death of both parenchymal tumor cells as well as normal tissue stromal cells (e.g., endothelium, connective tissue). However, it has been difficult to distinguish the contributions to overall tumor response after irradiation from the two compartments. The development of the severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse provides a model in which the contribution of stromal cell responses to ionizing radiation to overall tumor response can be defined, because its normal tissue cells are extremely radiosensitive. Therefore, the results of irradiation of tumors in radiation- sensitive (SCID) and radiation- resistant hosts can be compared, and the contribution of the normal tissue stroma clarified. Purpose : Our purpose was to investigate the effects of radiation-induced stromal cell damage on tumor cell death, using tumor growth delay (GD) and local control (complete and permanent regression of the irradiated tumor) as end points. Methods : Tumor GD and local control experiments were performed in SCID, athymic, and C3H mice. Sixty SCID and 60 nude mice for each of three human tumor cell lines (HGL9, HSTS26, HCT15) and for each of five murine cell lines (FSC1, FSC2, FSM1, FSM2, E01) and 60 SCID and 60 C3H mice for the FSa2 spontaneous C3H sarcoma were studied. Neoplasms were produced by injection of 10 6 cells from in vitro tissue cultures into the flanks of donor mice; after tumors had grown, experimental neoplasms were produced by transplanting 2- to 3-mm fragments into recipient mice. Animals were randomly assigned to various groups when tumors reached average volumes of 120 mm 3 . Graded, single-dose x irradiations (15–115 Gy, dose rate about 7 Gy/min) were given under acutely hypoxic conditions. Tumors were scored one to two times per week until recurrence. Results : The x-ray doses needed to achieve local control in 50% of the animals (tumor control doses, TCD 50 ) ranged from 45.1 to 58.0 Gy for human tumors and from 36.3 to 114.0 Gy for murine tumors. On average, the TCD50 values in SCID mice were only about 3.5% lower than values in nude or C3H mice. The amount of GD defined at 66% of the TCD 50 for the various groups was, however, 27% longer in the SCID mice ( P = .004). Conclusions : While the three- fold higher radiation sensitivity of the normal tissue stromal cells in the SCID mice did not alter the percentage of tumors controlled by x irradiation in the SCID mouse hosts as compared with other hosts, there appear to be significant differences in GD. Radiation-induced stromal cell damage does not significantly contribute to tumor cell death; however, it can prolong the interval of tumor regression. [J Natl Cancer Inst 85: 988–993, 1993]
Comprehensive genomic analysis of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC) reveals a significant proportion of clinical actionable aberrations.
Authors: Michael Lee, Martin R Jones, Laura Williamson, James Thomas Topham, Hui-Li Wong, Sean Addison, Rob Denroche, Gun Ho Jang, Joanna Karasinska, John Paul McGhie, Sharlene Gill, Howard John Lim, Stephen Yip, Jennifer J. Knox, Steven Gallinger, Janessa J. Laskin, Marco A. Marra, Steven J. M. Jones, David F. Schaeffer, Daniel John Renouf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

e15753 Background: Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the genomic landscape of PDAC, but the clinical utility of these data remains uncertain. Methods: As part of the BC Cancer Personalized Oncogenomics (POG) and PanGen studies (NCT02155621, NCT02869802), whole genome analysis and transcriptome sequencing were performed on fresh biopsy and blood sample from 48 mPDAC patients. Genomic findings informed therapy choices including potential eligibility for the CCTG PM.1 molecular basket trial (NCT03297606). Results: Cohort consists of 54.1% male, average age 57.6, 34/48 had ≥2 lines of treatment. 37/48 biopsies were from liver and 27/48 were collected pre-treatment. 8/48 (16.6%) patients had aberrations with strong evidence of clinical actionability. These include 2 germline BRCA2, 1 germline BRCA1, 1 somatic XRCC2 homozygous deletion with strong COSMIC signature 3, all predictive of platinum sensitivity. Patients with XRCC2 deletion and BRCA1 had over 2 years on FOLFIRINOX. Fusions affecting the NRG1 gene were identified in 3/4 patients with KRAS wildtype tumours, which may confer ERRB inhibitor sensitivity. 2/3 NRG1 fusion patients have thus far been treated with the ERBB inhibitor afatinib with radiographic responses noted in both patients. One patient had mismatch repair deficiency, and a high mutational burden, suggestive of immune checkpoint inhibitor sensitivity. Other possible actionable mutations include CCTG PM.1 trial potential eligibility: 4/48 with high homologous recombination defects and 1 germline ATM mutation loss (PARP inhibitor arm), 1/47 ERBB2 amplification (anti-HER2 arm), 2/47 high expression of FGFR1 (Sunitinib arm) and 1/47 with high FLT4 and IGF1R expression (Axitinib arm). Conclusions: More routine use of comprehensive genomic analysis should be considered in mPDAC given finding of high degree of actionability. Importantly, a significant proportion (16.6%) had findings with strong evidence of clinical impact.
Antibiotic resistance and transfer factor in Salmonella, United States 1967
Authors: S. A. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Four hundred Salmonella strains isolated during 1967 from clinical sources throughout the United States were examined for resistance to 11 antibiotics, and suitable strains were tested for resistance transfer factor (RTF). Only 89 (22%) of the strains were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics. Resistance was most common to streptomycin (14.2%), tetracycline (12.5%), and sulfathiazole (11.5%). None of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, or colistin sulfate. Resistance was significantly more common in strains of<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>than in the other<i>Salmonella</i>serotypes. Of 52 multiply resistant strains, 41 (79%) demonstrated RTF. Comparison with previous studies suggests that no significant change in the incidence of resistant<i>Salmonella</i>has occurred during the past five years.
Reply:
Authors: Norio Horiguchi, Bin Gao
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We highly appreciate the comments by Weng and colleagues. Our laboratory has been focusing on the role of inflammation in liver injury, fibrosis, and regeneration by using a model of myeloid cell–specific signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) knockout (STAT3mye−/−) mice. As it was previously reported, STAT3mye−/− mice are highly susceptible to endotoxin shock with increased production of inflammatory cytokines.1 We demonstrated that STAT3mye−/− mice were resistant to liver damage after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection,2 but more susceptible to concanavalin A–induced and ethanol-induced liver damage, accompanied by more inflammatory cells in the liver.3, 4 We believe, as Weng and colleagues summarized, the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines determines the fate of hepatocyte survival or death. These results suggest that the etiology of liver injury determines whether inflammatory cells contribute to attenuating or worsening liver damage. Weng et al. also raised an important point regarding the effect of inflammation on liver fibrogenesis. Although we have not examined CCl4-induced chronic liver injury and fibrosis in STAT3mye−/− mice, the effects of inflammation on fibrogenesis in these mice may be complex. Inflammation not only contributes to fibrogenesis, but also plays an important role in the resolution of liver fibrosis.5 In our study, STAT3mye−/− mice had high levels of liver inflammation associated with higher levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-6, which are known to promote liver fibrosis, but also higher levels of IL-10 and interferon-γ, which are known to inhibit liver fibrosis. The balance between these pro- and antifibrogenic cytokines will likely play an important role in determining the progression of liver fibrogenesis in STAT3mye−/− mice after chronic CCl4 treatment. Norio Horiguchi M.D. , Ph.D.* , Bin Gao M.D., Ph.D. , * Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
Missing the Target
Authors: Christopher Iriarte, Marina Zambrotta, Henrikas Vaitkevicius, Anand Vaidya, Francisco M. Marty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2020)

A 58-year-old man who lived in suburban Boston presented to the emergency department in August with a 2-week history of lower abdominal pain that was unresponsive to over-the-counter medications. The pain had increased in severity and was now radiating to his lower back and groin. He described the pain as a “deep pressure” that felt as if a rubber band was compressing his lower abdomen, back, and pelvis. The patient also reported numbness that originated . . .
In Brief
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Peanut Allergen Powder (Palforzia)
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Therapeutic Pancreatic Endoscopy
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

In view of increasingly accurate noninvasive diagnostic imaging modalities for pancreatic diseases, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) should be mainly restricted to therapeutic indications. Acute pancreatitis is still the most common complication of ERCP. Prevention measures should focus in particular on well-defined risk groups. Temporary pancreatic duct drainage, preferably using small-diameter endoprostheses, can reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis in at-risk individuals. By contrast, pharmacological prevention does not appear to be effective. ERCP in conjunction with sphincter of Oddi manometry frequently reveals the diagnosis of undetermined causes of acute recurrent pancreatitis. Endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) is the treatment of choice in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction or papillary stenosis. For these indications, dual pancreaticobiliary sphincterotomy promises a lower early morbidity and a better long-term outcome than biliary EST alone. In patients with pancreatic divisum, the cannulation rate of the dorsal duct can be improved by methylene blue staining and/or stimulation of the pancreatic secretion. Papillotomy of the minor papilla with short-term stenting appears to be an effective and safe approach for associated acute recurrent pancreatitis. Large-scale trials indicate that the majority of symptomatic patients with chronic pancreatitis can be well managed in the long term by endoscopic interventions. There is still a lack of prospective randomized controlled trials on endotherapy for chronic pancreatitis; however, they are also lacking for the surgical approach. Endoscopic and/or endosonographically guided drainage has become the treatment of choice for the majority of symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts. Transmural debridement of pancreatic abscesses and infected necroses is still investigational, but appears to offer a minimally invasive alternative to surgery in selected cases. Pancreatic endotherapy is technically demanding and potentially hazardous; these interventions should be restricted to high-volume centers with options for an interdisciplinary team approach. Methods that have not yet been established should be evaluated in carefully designed prospective trials.
TCT CONNECT-275 FANTOM II Long Lesion Study: Initial Safety and Performance Study of the Fantom Sirolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Coronary Scaffold in Long Lesions—First Report: 1-Year Outcomes
Authors: Matthias Lutz, Stylianos Pyxaras, Stephan Kische
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2020)
Childhood respiratory infection and adult chronic bronchitis in England and Wales
Authors: D J P Barker, C. Osmond
Journal: BMJ (1987)

that of Dr Toon and colleagues, show a much higher isolation rate of organisms (table).We found no difference in contraceptive habit or smoking habit between these groups.We agree that many of these isolates can be regarded as normal lower genital tract commensals, but we regard Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vagi- nalis, and gardnerella as pathogenic organisms.Recent data from Dundee' and Gateshead2 indicate that many women with mildly atypical findings on cervical cytology have cervical intra- epithelial neoplasia requiring treatment.Never- theless, colposcopic facilities are not infinite and it should be remembered that some women with inflammatory smears will have a microbiological infection, which may respond to simple anti- microbial therapy without the need for colposcopic examination.
Time, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index of patients with psoriasis who drop out of clinical trials on etanercept because of lack of efficacy: a pooled analysis from 10 clinical trials
Authors: A. Nast, M. Dilleen, W. Liyanage, L. Aikman, P. Szczypa, C. Dressler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Psoriasis is a common skin disease, and clinical trials are a way of measuring how effective different treatments for psoriasis are. During such trials, researchers generally use specific methods for measuring improvements in patients’ symptoms and quality of life. These include the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI, for which the lower the score, the worse the severity of the disease), the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). If a treatment has not become effective by a certain time point, it may increase the likelihood of patients being dissatisfied and leaving a clinical study. In this study, the researchers looked at clinical trials involving a drug for psoriasis called etanercept, to learn more about the number of patients who drop out due to ‘lack of efficacy’, when they most commonly do so, and how this relates to their PASI and DLQI. Of 6119 patients taking part in the studies looked at, 128 dropped out due to ‘lack of efficacy’. The highest increase of patients dropping out happened between Day 75 and 85. The lowest PASI score of patients dropping out was 6.3 within 120 days. Dropouts who achieved ≥ PASI 75 were rare. The authors conclude that around Day 80 is the critical time when many patients might have lost their willingness to wait for their treatment with etanercept to show a better effect. Most of the patients dropping out had experienced little or no improvement, or worsening of their psoriasis.
Possible potentiation of hemolytic anemia by tolbutamide. Report of a patient with erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: G. J. Pavlic
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE FOLLOWING is a report of a patient in whom an acute hemolytic anemia developed while she was on a regimen of tolbutamide (Orinase), 1 gm daily for 12 days. She was then confirmed to have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency of her erythrocytes. However, in addition, she manifested both diabetes mellitus with acidosis and also a urinary-tract infection. The implications of these several superimposed conditions in patients with G6PD deficiency are reviewed. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This 36-year-old Negro woman was seen at the St. Francis General Hospital outpatient medical clinic on Jan 19, 1964, complaining of periumbilical pain occurring after meals. On physical examination of the patient, the vital signs and remainder of systems were normal except for paralysis and muscular atrophy of both legs, as a residual of poliomyelitis. The blood count showed a hemoglobin value of 13.2 gm/100 cc, red blood cell count (RBC) of 4.7