tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Radiology
Authors: Harold G. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The story detailing the applications of the new radiological technologies, eg, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), computed digital radiography, nuclear radiology, interventional radiology, and magnetic resonance, represents a saga in human progress. Indeed, the advances from year to year, and even from month to month, are startling in these various imaging and interventional areas. This brief communication will summarize the important achievements obtained with these new techniques. Many examples of the specific contributions of ultrasonography to diagnostic imaging abound. An important pediatric application is the ability to image the neonatal brain, made possible by the natural acoustical window of a patent fontanel. Serial ultrasonographic scans are being used to monitor the extent and resolution of hydrocephalus due to intracranial bleeding, particularly in the premature infant. Ultrasonographic equipment is now available in portable units to facilitate its intraoperative use. For example, ultrasonography may be used to guide the approach to intracranial and
Error in Funding/Support
Authors: Kerstin Eitz
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2020)

Nilanjan Ghosh, MD, PhD; Sairah Ahmed, MD; Kwang Woo Ahn, PhD; Manoj Khanal, MS; Carlos Litovich, MPH; Mahmoud Aljurf, MD, MPH; Vera Ulrike Bacher, MD, MHBA; Christopher Bredeson, MD; Narendranath Epperla, MD; Nosha Farhadfar, MD; César O. Freytes, MD; Siddhartha Ganguly, MD; Bradley Haverkos, MD; David Inwards, MD; Rammurti T. Kamble, MD; Hillard M. Lazarus, MD; Lazaros Lekakis, MD; Hemant S. Murthy, MD; Taiga Nishihori, MD; Praveen Ramakrishnan, MD; David A. Rizzieri, MD; Jean A. Yared, MD; Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, MD, MBA; Anna Sureda, MD, PhD; Mehdi Hamadani, MD
Distribution of B lymphocytes in nonsuppurative cholangitis in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Y Nakanuma
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by the immune-mediated, nonsuppurative destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts, with significant T-cell involvement. To date, B cells in livers of primary biliary cirrhosis patients have been ignored in immunopathological evaluations of nonsuppurative cholangitis. This study aimed to correlate the distribution of activated T and B cells with the histopathology of nonsuppurative cholangitis in primary biliary cirrhosis, with emphasis on B cell infiltration. The distribution of activated T and B cells and the histopathology in primary biliary cirrhosis were heterogeneous in bile ducts showing nonsuppurative cholangitis; they were also heterogeneous in various parts of a given bile duct. Although activated T cells were significantly involved in the occurrence of nonsuppurative cholangitis, B cell–predominant reaction or cholangitis and B-cell infiltration into the biliary epithelial layer were also prominent in some nonsuppurative cholangitis. Many bile ducts with nonsuppurative cholangitis of various histological types showed intermixed activated T- and B-cell infiltration. These findings indicate that immune mechanism(s) involving B cells and, probably, humoral immunity are at work in the occurrence of nonsuppurative cholangitis and the destruction of bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis. Cell-to-cell interactions of activated T and B cells should therefore be evaluated in livers of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:570–575.)
The Effects of d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide Upon Group Interaction
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FRI0121 Safety of Adalimumab Therapy in HBSAG Carriers with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Study
Authors: L. Fang, Z. Liao, Z. Lin, O. Jin, Y. Pan, J. Gu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background</h3> Prevalence rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in China (13%) and many other developing countries are much higher than that in developed countries. When anti-TNF agents are more available and affordable in developing countries, the safety of anti-TNF therapy in terms of reactivation of hepatitis B infection needs more concern. No data from a prospective study focus on the use of TNF antagonists in patients with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and HBV infection is available by now. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the influence of Adalimumab on reactivation of HBV infection in HBsAg carriers with RA. <h3>Methods</h3> In this 52 weeks observation, HBsAg carriers with active RA (DAS28&gt;5.1) despite failed combined treatment with MTX and other non-biological DMARD were enrolled. Patients must have normal liver function prior to the study. All patients received therapy with Adalimumab (40mg/week) and a low dose concomitant MTX (10-12.5mg). Lamivudin were prescribed preventively regardless of individual viral load. Pre-existing NSAIDs and corticosteroids (a maximum prednisone-dose equivalent of 10 mg/day) were allowed. During the study, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HBV viral load (polymerase chain reaction) were monitored every 4 weeks. Increased viral load and abnormal liver function were managed and monitored according to expert opinion. <h3>Results</h3> Ten female patients were recruited. At baseline, three patients (group 1) had increased viral load (6.8e4, 5.3e5, 7.1e4 copy/ml, respectively), and the other seven patients (group 2) had normal viral load (&lt;100 copy/ml). Two patient from group 2 discontinued Adalimumab at week 6 due to ineffectiveness. Reactivation of hepatitis B occurred in one patient from group 1. At week 14, the patient (baseline viral load 6.8e4) underwent a mild increase of both ALT and AST (78 and 60 IU/L, respectively). A elevated viral load (7.4e7) and a HBV YMDD mutant were also found. The Adalimumab treatment continued. After prescription of Adefovir (combined with the pre-existing Lamivudin), both liver enzyme and viral load decreased to normal range in 8 weeks and remained normal. In the other two patients from group 1 and all patients from group 2, no significant increase of AST/ALT or viral load was seen during the 52 weeks follow-up. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A aggressive Adalimumab + MTX therapy may be a safe option for HBsAg carriers with DMARDs refractory RA. In order to reduce the risk of reactivation of hepatitis B infection, prophylaxis strategy with more effective anti-viral drugs is recommended. Large cohorts are highly needed to further evaluate the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with concurrent rheumatic diseases and different HBV infection status, including inactive and active infection. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Multiple myeloma with cutaneous involvement
Authors: J. M. Rodriguez
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A 49-year-old man with multiple myeloma, IgA type, contracted cutaneous plasmocytomas. No deposits of immunoglobulin were found in the cutaneous tumor by direct immunofluorescence. The case is an unusual manifestation occurring in multiple myeloma. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2625-2626, 1977)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Persons with Acromegaly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients1 August 2000Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Persons with AcromegalySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-3-200008010-00031 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Acromegaly is a rare disease in which high levels of growth hormone lead to increases in the size of the hands, feet, and head, as well as changes in internal organs and the skin. Growth hormone, which comes from a gland called the pituitary (located under the brain), controls growth in children and regulates the way the body uses fats and carbohydrates in adults. Adults with acromegaly are known to be at risk for a condition known as the carpal tunnel syndrome. In this syndrome, parts of the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “The Pathology of Median Neuropathy in Acromegaly.” It is in the 1 August 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 197-201). The authors are P.J. Jenkins, S.A. Sohaib, S. Akker, R.R. Phillips, K. Spillane, J.A.H. Wass, J.P. Monson, A.B. Grossman, G.M. Besser, and R.H. Reznek.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Pathology of Median Neuropathy in Acromegaly Paul J. Jenkins , S. Aslam Sohaib , Scott Akker , Rachel R. Phillips , Kate Spillane , John A.H. Wass , John P. Monson , Ashley B. Grossman , G. Michael Besser , and Rodney H. Reznek Metrics 1 August 2000Volume 133, Issue 3Page: 197KeywordsAcromegalyCarbohydratesChildrenGrowth hormoneInflammationMagnetic resonance imagingNervesNeuropathyPatientsSoft tissues ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Health issues at the US-Mexican border
Authors: D C Warner
Journal: JAMA (1991)

With a rapidly growing population, increasing manufacturing activity, and increased interdependence, health issues on the US-Mexican border are demanding greater attention. It is unlikely that any other border in the world separates two nations having such variety in health status, entitlements, and utilization. Binational initiatives in the areas of environmental health and sanitation are clearly needed. Further cooperation between the United States and Mexico in provision of health services is warranted and will probably require enhanced federal funding or subsidies to be successful.
CHOLESTEROL AND BILE SALTS
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cancer Rate Dips as PSA Tests Drop
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome—Vermont, 2000
Journal: JAMA (2001)

In 1993, an outbreak of an unexplained pulmonary illness occurred in the southwestern United States. This outbreak led to the first description of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), a rodentborne hantaviral infection. Hantaviruses have been found in rodents in rural areas throughout the United States, but most infection has occurred in the southwest. This report describes the first HPS case in Vermont and underscores the importance of preventing exposure to peridomestic rodents and recognizing the signs and symptoms of HPS.
Comparing total cost of care for Medicare FFS patients with pancreatic cancer by chemotherapy regimen.
Authors: Jared Hirsch, Gabriela Dieguez, Paul Cockrum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

721 Background: To analyze total cost of care for patients with pancreatic cancer by FDA-Approved/NCCN Category 1 regimen. Methods: Cancer episodes were identified using a methodology similar to the Medicare Oncology Care Model (OCM) in the 2014-2016 100% Medicare Limited Data Set (LDS) claims files. Index dates were established for chemotherapy claims that did not occur within 6 months of another chemotherapy claim for all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. Cancer episodes were defined as the 6-month period following an index date. Each episode was assigned a cancer type based on the plurality of cancer ICD 9/10 diagnosis codes that occurred on chemotherapy claims in the episode. Episode costs were calculated from claim paid amounts, and DME and other Part B spending was estimated using episodes created in the 5% Medicare LDS files using the same methodology. We analyzed total episode costs for three FDA-Approved/NCCN Category 1 pancreatic cancer regimens: gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (gem-nab), FOLFIRINOX (FFX), and liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI). Results: We identified 110,618 cancer episodes in 2016, of which 4,018 were for pancreatic cancer (average age at index: 71.3 years). Pancreatic cancer patients in these episodes were treated with gem-nab (45% of episodes), FFX (14%), and nal-IRI (4%). The main cost drivers across all regimens were Part B chemotherapy, other Part B drugs and inpatient services. Episode costs were $41,749, $42,086, and $45,851 for patients receiving gem-nab, FFX, and nal-IRI, respectively. Part B chemotherapy costs were $13,065 (gem-nab), $3,095 (FFX), and $18,472 (nal-IRI); other Part B drug costs were $7,343 (gem-nab), $17,013 (FFX), and $10,479 (nal-IRI); and inpatient service costs were $9,044 (gem-nab), $9,069 (FFX), and $5,108 (nal-IRI). Conclusions: Total episode costs for pancreatic cancer care were similar among three FDA-Approved/NCCN Category 1 regimens, but the components of cost varied. Episodes with Nal-IRI had the largest Part B chemotherapy costs and the lowest inpatient service costs. Episodes with FFX and gem-nab had similar inpatient service costs, which were higher than episodes with nal-IRI. Episodes with FFX had the highest other Part B drug costs.
Novelty at Nottingham.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Acalculous CholecystitisThe great majority of patients with disease of the gall bladder have stones in it, yet there is no doubt that acalculous chole- cystitis, though unusual, does exist.In practice the conditions found at operation may range from a perfectly normal gall bladder removed because of suspected biliary disease, through gall bladders with mild histological changes in the wall, to undoubted examples of acute, indeed even gangrenous, chole- cystitis in the absence of stones.For some time the poor prognosis of patients submitted to cholecystectomy despite the absence of gross lesions in the gall bladder and with a cholecystogram that was only questionably abnormal cast doubt on whether a definite disease entity was being diagnosed.Thus W. A. Mackey, in a review of 243 such patients," found over one-third had a poor functional result.He concluded that cholecystitis with- out stone " seems to belong to a region on the border line between functional and organic disease."More recently F. Glenn and H. Mannix2 studied a group of 135 patients who had neither stone nor acute inflam- mation; these patients were in a series of 3,110 undergoing cholecystectomy.The results were somewhat unhappy; 22 had severe postoperative complications (16.3%) and there were three deaths.Of 121 of the patients followed up, a quarter had no relief from their original symptoms.Careful microscopical examination of the excised specimens showed no difference between those cases with good results and those with no improvement, so that these authors state, " One may well question the actual role of cholecystectomy in the clinical improvement."'Yet undoubtedly acute cholecystitis, even progressing to frank gangrene and perforation, can occur in the absence of a stone.S. 0. Hoerr and J. B. Hazard,3 in reviewing 14 such cases, define four possible causes.There may be non- calculous obstruction of the cystic duct from fibrosis, kinks, or twists, or from an anomalous cystic artery or tumour.There may be infarction of the wall of the gall bladder due to arteriosclerosis or embolism.There may be reflux of pan- creatic juice, producing a chemical cholecystitis.Or there may be bacterial invasion of the gall bladder wall.Typhoid cholecystitis is a good example of the last group.An interesting review of the whole subject of acalculous cholecystitis has recently come from A. M. Munster and J. R. Brown,' of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston.Out of 541 cholecystectomies 12 cases of acalculous chole- cystitis were found (2.2%).There were four examples of acute cholecystitis, three more showed undoubted active chronic disease, and the remaining five had only minimal evidence of mild chronic cholecystitis.Not unexpectedly the patients with acute acalculous cholecystitis did well after surgical operation, whereas of the five with minimal disease two had persistent symptoms and one has been lost to follow- up.
Court-ordered reimbursement for unproven medical technology. Circumventing technology assessment
Authors: J. H. Ferguson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Because we found examples where courts of law ruled against insurance carriers that had been sued for reimbursement for unproven medical procedures, we conducted a case study to determine the reasoning behind these decisions that run counter to accepted medical science. Such actions circumvent health technology assessment and could contribute to escalating health care costs and poorer quality health care. <h3>Data Sources.</h3> —A literature search identified 17 cases between 1980 and 1989 in which an insurance company was sued to reimburse a patient who had received an unproven or questionable health technology; 14 of these suits were decided in favor of the plaintiff, and the insurance company was ordered to pay. Discussed in this article are six of these cases, two involving Laetrile (amygdalin), two involving immunoaugmentative therapy, and two involving thermography, technologies that had previously been assessed as not safe, not effective, or inadequately evaluated. <h3>Data Synthesis and Conclusions.</h3> —The circumstances determining how the courts arrive at these "unscientific" decisions fall into three general categories: (1) for legal reasons, the insurance contract is interpreted in favor of the insured; (2) the reluctance and/or inability, legal or otherwise, of the courts to use published scientific literature; and (3) the use of adversarial "expert" witnesses with potential conflicts of interest. To address this situation, we first urge the legal and insurance industries to cooperate in improving the contract language and process in a way that would be both legally and scientifically appropriate. Second, we encourage the courts to use and foster the use of published peer-reviewed scientific material as evidence whenever possible. Third, we recommend that the courts choose their own unbiased expert witnesses to interpret scientific material. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:2116-2121)
Cancer Epidemiology: Shortcomings and Possibilities
Authors: Johannes Clemmesen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The development of the concepts of initiators and promoters in carcinogenesis necessitates deliberations of evidence from human cancer epidemiology. Recent arguments in favor of mortality data as a more reliable indicator of trends in cancer incidence than morbidity data collected from cancer registries are disputed. Inconsistency in the use of data is pointed out. Comparisons of data from cancer registration in Denmark with those from Connecticut and upstate New York show such congruity that it is impossible to accept suggestions of systematic bias of significance without direct evidence to that effect. Since accurate information on periods of exposure and on the onset of disease is fundamental to considerations of initiators and promoters the following proposals are made. Payrolls or similar data should be kept safe for 40 years for occupations where exposure to carcinogens may be suspected. Experience on latent periods from the last 100 years should be systematically reassured. Death certificates showing a diagnosis of malignant neoplasia should always state the histological diagnosis if any.