tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combat
Authors: Theodore B. Feldmann
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Toxicity of Vesicant Agents Scheduled for Destruction by the Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program
Authors: A. P. Watson, G. D. Griffin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The vesicant agents of the unitary chemical munitions stockpile include various formulations of sulfur mustard [bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide; agents H, HD, and HT] and small quantities of the organic arsenical Lewisite [dichloro(2-chlorovinyl) arsine; agent L]. These agents can be dispersed in liquid, aerosol, or vapor form and are capable of producing severe chemical burns upon direct contact with tissue. Moist tissues such as the eyes, respiratory tract, and axillary areas are particularly affected. Available data summarizing acute dose response in humans and laboratory animals are summarized. Vesicant agents are also capable of generating delayed effects such as chronic bronchitis, carcinogenesis, or keratitis/keratopathy of the eye under appropriate conditions of exposure and dose. These effects may not become manifest until years following exposure. Risk analysis derived from carcinogenesis data indicates that sulfur mustard possesses a carcinogenic potency similar to that of benzo[a]pyrene. Because mustard agents are alkylating compounds, they destroy individual cells by reaction with cellular proteins, enzymes, RNA, and DNA. Once begun, tissue reaction is irreversible. Mustard agents are mutagenic; data for cellular and laboratory animal assays are presented. Reproductive effects have not been demonstrated in the offspring of laboratory rats. Acute Lewisite exposure has been implicated in cases of Bowen's disease, an intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma. Lewisite is not known to generate reproductive or teratogenic effects.
Combined Modality Approaches to Cancer Therapy
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Folate Deficiency
Authors: Victor Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The case report by Pincus, et al (221:496, 1972) alleges, "that a clinical picture identical to that of subacute combined system degeneration can be associated with folate deficiency and responds to administration of folate." Review of the literature<sup>1,2</sup>reveals no support for this contention (<i>Am J Med</i>48:539, 1970). The case presented appears to be one of a woman with combined deficiency of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>and folate. The patient was treated with "repeated injections of cyanocobalamin of 1,000μg/day" during her first week of hospitalization, and developed reticulocytosis on day nine. The authors attributed the reticulocytosis to folicacid therapy that was started on day eight, despite the fact that reticulocytosis as a response to therapy for megaloblastic anemia does not usually begin until 48 to 72 hours after the start of such therapy.<sup>1,3,4</sup>The reticulocytosis on day nine is much more likely a delayed response
Contraception
Authors: Elisabeth J. Woodhams, Melissa Gilliam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Contraception counseling and provision are vital components of comprehensive health care. Unplanned pregnancy can be devastating to any woman but is particularly dangerous for those with chronic illness. Internal medicine providers are in a unique position to provide contraception, as they often intersect with women at the moment of a new medical diagnosis or throughout care for a chronic problem. A shared decision-making approach can engage patients and ensure that they choose a contraceptive method that aligns with their reproductive plans and medical needs.
Prophylaxe und Therapie der Kinderkrankheiten mit Besonderer Berücksichtigung der Ernährung, Pflege und Erziehung des Gesunden und Kranken Kindes Nebst Therapeutischer Technik, Arzneimittellehre und Heilstättenverzeichnis.
Journal: JAMA (1921)

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Spina Bifida and Anencephaly Before and After Folic Acid Mandate—United States, 1995-1996 and 1999-2000
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious birth defects of the spine (e.g., spina bifida) and the brain (e.g., anencephaly) that occur during early pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant; 50%-70% of these defects can be prevented if a woman consumes sufficient folic acid daily before conception and throughout the first trimester of her pregnancy. In 1992, to reduce the number of cases of spina bifida and other NTDs, the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) recommended that all women capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 microg of folic acid daily. Three approaches to increase folic acid consumption were cited: 1) improve dietary habits, 2) fortify foods with folic acid, and 3) use dietary supplements containing folic acid. Mandatory fortification of cereal grain products went into effect in January 1998; during October 1998-December 1999, the reported prevalence of spina bifida declined 31%, and the prevalence of anencephaly declined 16%. Other studies have indicated similar trends. To update the estimated numbers of NTD-affected pregnancies and births, CDC recently analyzed data from 23 population-based surveillance systems that include prenatal ascertainment of these birth defects. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicate that the estimated number of NTD-affected pregnancies in the United States declined from 4,000 in 1995-1996 to 3,000 in 1999-2000. This decline in NTD-affected pregnancies highlights the partial success of the U.S. folic acid fortification program as a public health strategy. To reduce further the number of NTD-affected pregnancies, all women capable of becoming pregnant should follow the USPHS recommendation and consume 400 microg of folic acid every day.
Hematology
Authors: William Dameshek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THIS report covers recent progress in the investigation and treatment of the anemias and the hemorrhagic diseases.AnemiasAs in previous progress reports, the anemias are classified primarily on etiologic grounds. Such a classification is simple and easily remembered and may be said to be based on economic principles: the bone-marrow "factory" requires materials for the production of its most important finished product, the red cell. Anemia results when the materials necessary for supplying the bone-marrow factories are inadequate, the factories themselves are inadequate or there is an excessive loss either by hemorrhage or by increased breakdown of the finished . . .
Incorrect Date
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MASSAGE IN GYNECOLOGICAL PRACTICE.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A German English Medical Thesaurus, or Treasure of Single and Compound Medical Words and Terms; with Dialogues, Idiomatic Phrases and Proverbs, etc., and German and English Indexes for Physicians and Students.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechanisms of Toxicity/Carcinogenicity and Superfund Decisions
Authors: James M. LaVelle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Heavy metals that contaminate soils and water usually exist in various oxidation states and form a number of compounds with different physical and chemical characteristics. These differences are often reflected in dramatic variation in toxicokinetic and biologic properties. Such variation in properties, critical in determining intrinsic toxicity, often causes a great deal of uncertainty in analyses of public health risks at sites where metal exposure is evaluated. In the Superfund program, such uncertainties may substantially undermine attempts to characterize potential impacts to populations exposed to metals from improperly disposed waste. In the case of chromium, risk assessment uncertainties can be considerable and fall generally into two categories. First, there is almost no information on potential health effects due to chronic oral exposure to chromium-containing compounds, and a nonquantifiable and probably large uncertainty exists in establishing no-effect levels. In fact, reference doses (RfDs) for CrIII and CrVI are based on chronic studies in which no adverse effects were seen even at the highest dose. Considerations of bioavailability, deduced from site characterization data, and acute toxicity indicate that general application of these RfDs may lead to highly inaccurate estimations of risk. Second, because of the ready reduction of CrVI in biological systems, it has not been possible to separate effects of CrVI from those of CrIII. Thus, data on the relative toxicity and carcinogenicity of these two species is sparse and difficult to interpret. Moreover, kinetic considerations make it difficult to determine the site and rates of reduction of CrVI. This makes prediction of target site concentrations of the two species difficult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SERRATUS PARALYSIS.
Authors: RICHARD LIGHTBURN SUTTON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Owing to the comparative rarity of this particular type of peripheral palsy I report the following cases which recently came under my observation in the service of Dr. H. M. Thomas, in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Dispensary. Case 1 (Neurologic, No. 14,722).—An American woman, aged 32, married, and a housewife by occupation. <h3>Family History.</h3> —Her family history is unimportant; her father, who had always enjoyed excellent health, died at an advanced age, and her mother is still living. There is no suspicion of inherited constitutional disease, and none of her immediate relatives has ever suffered from paralysis. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —She had the usual diseases of childhood, pneumonia at 18 and typhoid fever at 20. There is no evidence of her ever having had venereal disease and she is not addicted to the use of intoxicants. She has been married four years, has a healthy child 3 years of age, and there has
Sex hormones in postmenopausal women with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: U Becker
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

To evaluate serum sex hormone profiles in nonalcoholic postmenopausal women with liver disease, 25 women with primary biliary cirrhosis (11 in cirrhotic stage) and 46 healthy controls were studied. The patients had significantly (p <0.05) elevated serum concentrations of estrone and androstenedione and significantly (p <0.05) lower concentrations of estrone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 5α-dihydrotestosterone compared with the 46 controls. Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone, non-sex hormone binding globulin-bound testosterone and non-protein-bound testosterone did not differ significantly (p> 0.05) between primary biliary cirrhosis patients and controls. Patients in the cirrhotic stage had significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin than did controls. Patients in the cirrhotic stage had significantly (p < 0.05) higher sex hormone binding globulin and estrone sulfate levels compared with noncirrhotic patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Otherwise, no significant differences were observed between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic patients. The observed changes in steroid concentrations may be a consequence of hepatic dysfunction. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:865–869.)
International Comments
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Home or hospital births?
Authors: G. D. Adamson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Advocates of home birth cite psychological and medical benefits in their demand for a different approach to birthing procedures. Opponents emphasize the risks of this approach and point to improved outcomes through medical progress available only in hospitals, as well as to recent, less positive European attitudes toward home births. A review of the literature shows that present data are limited and do not conclusively support either opinion. It is essential that the medical profession become actively involved in an objective analysis of the merits and deficiencies of home and hospital birth settings. This participation should ensure that new approaches to birth will maintain the highest possible standards in maternal, fetal, and neonatal welfare. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1732-1736, 1980)
S. Weir Mitchell and Oliver Wendell Holmes. A friendship and poetic tribute
Authors: J. M. Schneck
Journal: JAMA (1981)

S. WEIR MITCHELL and Oliver Wendell Holmes are distinguished for achievement in both medicine and literature. Mitchell is renowned for his clinical neurological investigations and work as a neuropsychiatrist as well as novelist. Holmes is esteemed as a teacher of anatomy and physiology, as a proponent of the view of the contagiousness of puerperal fever, and as a leading poet. Mitchell also wrote poetry, and Holmes published novels. It seems desirable at this time to present them together and to furnish evidence of their friendship. They have in the past been written about separately in articles appearing in medical publications. Readers should also be given the opportunity to appreciate their warm relationship as reflected in the rarely seen, affectionate, respectful, sensitive poetic tribute by Mitchell to Holmes.<sup>1(p344)</sup> <h3>Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894)</h3> Oliver Wendell Holmes was born in Cambridge, Mass, on Aug 29, 1809, the son of the Reverend Abiel Holmes, minister
<i>The Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Intra-cranial Growths.</i> By Philip Coombs Knapp, A. M., M. D. (Harvard.) Fiske Prize Fund Dissertation, No. XLI
Authors: J. M. M.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1891)

students of medicine to acquaint themselves with forms of disease which they are so certain to meet in practice at precisely time stage at which most can be accomplished by judicious treatment.
Problems of Fertility
Authors: T. N. A. Jeffcoate
Journal: BMJ (1949)

The <i>Glioma-associated homologue-1</i> (<i>GLI-1</i>) gene was first discovered to be amplified in glioblastoma multiforme. It encodes for a zinc-finger transcription factor in the Kruppel family of proteins and is important in the sonic hedgehog signalling pathway. <i>GLI-1</i> also plays a role in several other pathways and is important for proliferation, migration, invasion, growth and angioinvasion, and cancer stem cell self-renewal in a variety of malignancies. GLI-1 is amplified in several malignancies, including an epithelioid, pericytomatous soft tissue neoplasm that can exhibit malignant behaviour. More recently, <i>GLI-1</i> fusions with other partner genes have been found in three rare tumours: a pericytomatous tumour with a t(7;12) translocation, where it partners with <i>Actin beta 1</i>, and gastroblastoma and plexiform fibromyxoma, where the partner gene is <i>metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1</i>, respectively.
Highlights from this issue
Journal: Thorax (2017)

The TriumvirateThe old man and The CCR2 Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis is a disease that affects predominantly elderly men and, at the current time, their fate, much like that of Santiago the marlin fisherman, is sealed on the first page.Similarly the sea and the immune system are complex and often hostile environments.To better understand the role of CCR2 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis Milger and colleagues performed studies in experimental models of fibrosis and measured levels of CCR2 + lymphocytes in patients with pulmonary fibrosis (see page 1007).While they found high levels of CCR2 +cells in patients with IPF, the studies in models of disease suggest these lymphocytes have protective functions in developing lung fibrosis.While Santiago tried valiantly to kill all the sharks feeding on his fish, the consequence, should he have succeeded, may not have delivered the outcome he hoped for, and we should take heed before trying to therapeutically destroy CCR2 + CD + T cells.