tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multistep Process of Squamous Differentiation in Tracheobronchial Epithelial Cells In Vitro: Analogy with Epidermal Differentiation
Authors: Anton M. Jetten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The lung, in particular the bronchial epithelium, is a major site for tumor formation in humans. Environmental factors, such as cigarette smoke, in conjunction with genetic factors are important determinants in this disease. Malignant cells exhibit alterations in their control of proliferation and differentiation. It is believed that the acquisition of defects in the regulation of these processes is important in the process of carcinogenesis. A clear insight into the basic mechanisms of the regulation of proliferation and differentiation is required to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in tumor development and in other pathological conditions. Studies using in vitro cell culture systems of tracheobronchial epithelial cells provide useful models in which to study the regulation of differentiation and proliferation. The clonogenic cells derived from the treacheobronchial epithelium are pluripotent: They have self-renewal capacity and can differentiate along either a normal, mucosecretory, or a squamous cell pathway. Squamous differentiation in tracheobronchial epithelial cells has many morphological, biochemical, and regulatory properties in common with epidermal differentiation. This pathway of differentiation is a multistep process consisting of at least three stages. In the initial stage, cells become committed to terminal cell division. This is followed by the expression of the squamous differentiated phenotype and finally cornification. Various factors, such as several growth factors, retinoids, calcium ions, and phorbol esters, regulate the program of differentiation at different stages. Studies have indicated that the controls of proliferation and differentiation are interrelated. Cell lines established from tracheobronchial epithelial cells expressing SV 40 large T-antigen, as well as carcinoma cell lines, exhibit altered responses to growth and differentiation regulatory factors. Alterations in the commitment to terminal cell division must be a crucial step in the transition of a normal to a malignant cell.
Abstract 9995: Emergency Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Survivors of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrests is Safe and Feasible With Good Outcomes
Authors: Mohamed O Mohamed, Sudhakar George, Patrick A Calvert, Peter F Ludman, Sagar N Doshi, John N Townend, Sohail Q Khan
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Purpose: Out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is associated with high degrees of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of coronary disease in survivors of OHCA in our local population, and to assess whether early angiography had an impact on survival. Methods: Patients with OHCA over a 3-year period were included (January 2012- December 2014). A review of patient records was performed including details of coronary angiogram and PCI findings. Univariate analysis was performed. Results: There were 45 patients included (71% Males, Mean Age 65.1 ± 12.7 Years). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started immediately in 62% of patients, and mean time for return of spontaneous circulation was 22.9±18.7 minutes. Ventricular Fibrillation was the initial rhythm identified (80%), followed by PEA (15.5%) and Asystole (4.5%). Post arrest ECG revealed ST-Elevation in 53% (n=24). Patients were grouped into those with and without ST elevation (24 vs.21). All patients had been ventilated prior to angiography, and 46.6% (n=21) were in cardiogenic shock. Coronary angiography revealed at least one significant coronary artery lesion (≥50%) in 91% of patients (n=41), of which 63% (n=26) were due to an acute occlusion. In the STEMI group, 83.3% (n=20) of patients had a significant acute occlusion. In the non-STEMI group, 33.3% (n=7) of patients had a significant lesion, all but one due to an acute occlusion. 11.5% (n=3) of patients with an acute occlusion had no ST changes on their ECG. 41 patients underwent successful PCI. 21 patients (47%) survived to hospital discharge and were also alive at 30-days. STEMI vs. non-STEMI survival (9 vs.12, p = 0.24). The positive and negative predictive value of ST-Elevation on the ECG to determine significant coronary lesions was 83.3% and 71.4% respectively. Conclusion: Early angiography is feasible and significant coronary artery disease is present in the majority of survivors of OHCA. Occlusive coronary disease is commonly found despite no evidence of ST- Elevation on the ECG.
Röntgenbehandlung chirurgischer Krankheiten zugleich Einführung IN DIE physikalischen UND biologischen GRUNDLAGEN DER Röntgentherapie.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cloning and characterization of 5E6(Ly-49C), a receptor molecule expressed on a subset of murine natural killer cells.
Authors: E R Stoneman, M Bennett, J An, K A Chesnut, E K Wakeland, J B Scheerer, M J Siciliano, V Kumar, P A Mathew
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

5E6 is a cell surface molecule expressed on a subpopulation of murine natural killer (NK) cells that are involved in the specific rejection of H-2d or H-2f (hemopoietic histocompatibility determinant 2) bone marrow cell grafts. Here, we isolated and cloned the gene encoding 5E6 and determined the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA. 5E6 is nearly identical to Ly-49C; the deduced amino acid sequence reveals a polypeptide of 266 amino acids with a molecular weight of 31,284 that contains multiple cysteine residues to explain its disulfide-linked homodimer structure and five potential N-linked glycosylation sites. 5E6 is a type II integral membrane protein with an extracellular carbohydrate recognition domain characteristic of C-type (Ca(2+)-dependent) animal lectins. Chromosomal mapping indicates that 5E6 is located within the NK gene complex on chromosome 6. The sequence of 5E6 mRNA and the degree of glycosylation of 5E6 protein are under genetic control. Immunoprecipitation before removal of N-linked sugars reveals different size molecules. There are several nucleotide differences among BALB/c, B6, and NZB mRNAs; however, none of them would be expected to affect N-glycosylation. Of particular interest are two findings: (a) BALB/c, B6, and (BALB/c x B6)F1 5E6 reduced molecules are approximately 65, 54, and 54 kD, and (b) the cDNA sequence of (BALB/c x B6)F1 is identical to B6. Thus, there appears to be allelic exclusion of 5E6 expression that may be related to the ability of F1 hybrid mice to reject parental H-2d bone marrow cell grafts.
Relief of Functional Bowel Obstruction
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Digitalis
Authors: A. S. Freedberg, Paul M. Zoll
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IN RECENT years many reports have appeared on new purified digitalis preparations. Revisions have also been made in the U.S.P. unit of potency of digitalis, with changes in the method of assay as well as in the strength of the official preparation. Many cases of severe toxicity from digitalis have recently been reported1 2 3 4 5 that indicate considerable confusion regarding the choice and dose of digitalis substances. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss the present status of whole-leaf digitalis and several purified digitalis bodies.AssayIn the twelfth revision (1942) of the United States Pharmacopoeia the cat method of . . .
Factors influencing stability and necrosis of impacted femoral neck fractures
Authors: R. E. Bunata
Journal: JAMA (1973)

One hundred fifty-three impacted femoral neck fractures were studied to define the usual initial displacement of these fractures. The average fracture had a Pauwel's angle of 41°, was in valgus, and was only minimally displaced on the lateral view. All fractures that were either inherently stable or internally fixed healed without incident. However, seven fractures with high Pauwel's angles displaced under conservative management. Statistical analysis confirmed the correlation of fracture stability and Pauwel's angle. Our incidence of avascular necrosis was 16.9%. Extreme valgus displacement correlated with the occurrence of avascular necrosis.
Cases of Liver Cancer Reduced in a Younger Population Vaccinated for HBV
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

Cases of Liver Cancer Reduced in a Younger Population Vaccinated for HBVA 20-year follow-up study revealed a dramatic drop in liver cancer cases among 6-to 19-year-olds who were vaccinated for the hepatitis B virus at birth, according to a study published online September 16 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.In July 1984, a universal vaccination program was initiated among newborn children in Taiwan to prevent the hepatitis B virus infection, which can predispose to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, a primary malignancy of the liver.For this study, Mei-Hwei Chang, M.D., of the Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, and colleagues collected data from almost 2,000 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who were aged 6-29 years at diagnosis in Taiwan between 1983 and 2004.Age-and sex-specifi c incidence were compared among vaccinated and unvaccinated birth cohorts with regression models.Sixty-four cases of hepatocellular carcinoma were found among people vaccinated in almost 38 million person-years vs. 444 cancers among unvaccinated people in almost 80 million person-years.A few individuals have developed liver cancer despite the program.Analysis of their records shows that most of these patients, however, were not given enough doses of the vaccine, or were insuffi ciently protected when they were born to hepatitis B-infected mothers, according to the study."These data suggest that the effectiveness of the universal HBV immunization program to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma has extended beyond childhood and into young adulthood over the past two decades," the authors write.
New Names
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract B28: Molecular basis of aberrant expression of alkaline phosphatase in renal brush border membrane from renal cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Ujjawal Sharma, Sarwan Kumar Singh, Rajendra Prasad
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing worldwide. It continues to present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. It accounts for approximately 3% of adult malignancies and 90% to 95% of neoplasm arising from kidney. RCC originates from proximal tubular epithelium of adult kidney. Alkaline phosphatase is abundantly expressed on the BBM and serves as an excellent marker for its integrity. Earlier reports have demonstrated that the activities of brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes are altered in cancer cells. The present study was conducted to find out the molecular basis of altered expression/activity of ALP in BBM from RCC in comparison to normal renal BBM. Total 30 histopathologically confirmed cases of RCC were included in the present study. The specific activity of ALP was drastically reduced in homogenate as well as in BBM from RCC as compared to BBM from adjacent normal kidney parenchyma. SDS-PAGE study showed that the BBM proteins of higher molecular weights were poorly expressed in BBM from RCC as compare to BBM from adjacent normal kidney parenchyma. Incubation of gel with BCIP/NBT dye showed that the expression of ALP in BBM from RCC was reduced as compared to adjacent normal kidney BBM. Western blot analysis using anti-ALP antibody also confirmed the reduced expression of ALP in RCC BBM. Further, to check whether this reduced expression of ALP occurs at mRNA level, a semiquantitative RT-PCR was done, which showed markedly reduced expression of ALP mRNA in RCC as compared to adjacent normal kidney. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):B28.
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt worsens the hyperdynamic circulatory state of the cirrhotic patient: Preliminary report of a prospective study
Authors: D Azoulay
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The aim of this prospective nonrandomized study was to assess the immediate and short-term sequelae of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting on the circulatory hyperdynamic state of the cirrhotic patient. Twelve transjugular portosystemic shunting procedures were performed in 12 cirrhotic patients for sclerotherapy failure (10 cases) and/or intractable ascites (4 cases). Self-expandable stents 10 mm in diameter were used in all cases. Portal pressure measurement and right-heart catheterization were performed before and 30 min and 1 mo after the procedure. The portoatrial pressure gradient decreased from 15 ± 3 to 7 ± 3 mm Hg 30 min after surgery (p < 0.0001) to 8 ± 3 mm Hg 1 mo after surgery (p < 0.001, in comparison with basal values). The cardiac index increased from 4.5 ± 1.3 to 5.7 ± 1.5 L/min·m2 30 min after surgery (p < 0.001) to 7.4 ± 1.4 L/min μ2 1 mo after surgery (p < 0.001). Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 808 ± 323 to 646 ± 209 dyne·sec·cm−5 30 min after surgery (p < 0.01) to 467 ± 101 dyne·sec·cm−5 1 mo after surgery (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that transjugular portosystemic shunting rapidly and significantly worsens the hyperdynamic circulatory state of the cirrhotic patient. Although apparently noninvasive, this procedure should be considered with caution in cirrhotic patients with limited cardiac reserve. (Hepatology 1994;19:129–132).
Biological warfare. A historical perspective
Authors: G. W. Christopher
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The deliberate use of microorganisms and toxins as weapons has been attempted throughout history. Biological warfare has evolved from the crude use of cadavers to contaminate water supplies to the development of specialized munitions for battlefield and covert use. The modern development of biological agents as weapons has paralleled advances in basic and applied microbiology. These include the identification of virulent pathogens suitable for aerosol delivery and industrial-scale fermentation processes to produce large quantities of pathogens and toxins. The history of biological warfare is difficult to assess because of a number of confounding factors. These include difficulties in verification of alleged or attempted biological attacks, the use of allegations of biological attacks for propaganda purposes, the paucity of pertinent microbiological or epidemiologic data, and the incidence of naturally occurring endemic or epidemic diseases during hostilities. Biological warfare has been renounced by 140 nations, primarily for strategic and other pragmatic reasons. International diplomatic efforts, including the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention, have not been entirely effective in preventing the enhancement and proliferation of offensive biological warfare programs. The threats posed by biological weapons are likely to continue into the future.
DYSMENORRHEA.
Authors: GEORGE TUCKER HARRISON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

That group of phenomena comprehended under the term dysmenorrhea is as interesting as it is common in the experience of every practitioner of medicine, nor is the interest lessened by the reflection that on the successful management of the case in which such symptoms occur, often depends the reputation of the physician concerned, among a large number of patrons. That the problem is frequently a difficult one will hardly be gainsaid. It can not, therefore, be time misspent if we devote the few minutes at our disposal to the study of the etiology and rational treatment of the abnormal conditions underlying these morbid manifestations. Recent investigations have thrown light on the innervation of the ovary and the uterus, respectively, which greatly facilitate our understanding of the symptoms, especially in organs remote from the genital sphere. The nerves of the ovary originate from the plexus renalis and lower section of the
Urinary excretion of urodilatin in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: J Salo
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Cirrhotic patients with ascites show increased plasma levels of natriuretic peptides from cardiac origin (i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP] and brain natriuretic peptide [BNP]). Urodilatin is a unique member of the natriuretic peptide family because it is exclusively synthesized in the kidney acting on a paracrine fashion in the regulation of sodium excretion. To investigate the renal production of urodilatin in cirrhosis and its relationship with other natriuretic peptides and sodium retention, urodilatin excretion and plasma levels of ANP were measured in 21 healthy subjects, 13 cirrhotic patients without ascites and 23 cirrhotic patients with ascites. Urine urodilatin was measured with a highly specific radioimmunoassay using a polyclonal antibody against human urodilatin. Patients with ascites had marked sodium retention (UNa 7 ± 2 mEq/d) as compared to patients without ascites and healthy subjects (29 ± 3 mEq/d and 34 ± 5 mEq/d, respectively, P < .001). Patients with cirrhosis and ascites had urine urodilatin excretion similar to patients without ascites and healthy subjects (82 ± 8 pmol/g, 95 ± 10 pmol/g, and 89 ± 9 pmol/ g of creatinine, respectively; not significant). In addition, immunoreactive urodilatin from cirrhotic patients with ascites and healthy subjects showed a similar chromatographic pattern. By contrast, plasma ANP levels were increased significantly in patients with ascites (29 ± 3 fmol/mL) as compared with patients without ascites or healthy subjects (14 ± 3 fmol/mL and 6 ± 1 fmol/mL, respectively; P < .01). In conclusion, urine urodilatin excretion is normal in patients with cirrhosis even in the presence of marked sodium retention. The coexistence of increased ANP levels and normal urodilatin excretion suggests that in cirrhosis both natriuretic peptides are regulated independently.
Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 is overexpressed in prostate and colon cancer and is critical for cellular survival
Authors: Dinesh S. Rao, Teresa S. Hyun, Priti D. Kumar, Ikuko F. Mizukami, Mark A. Rubin, Peter C. Lucas, Martin G. Sanda, Theodora S. Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is a cofactor in clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking. It was first implicated in cancer biology as part of a chromosomal translocation in leukemia. Here we report that HIP1 is expressed in prostate and colon tumor cells, but not in corresponding benign epithelia. The relationship between HIP1 expression in primary prostate cancer and clinical outcomes was evaluated with tissue microarrays. HIP1 expression was significantly associated with prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Conversely, primary prostate cancers lacking HIP1 expression consistently showed no progression after radical prostatectomy. In addition, the expression of HIP1 was elevated in prostate tumors from the transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer (TRAMP). At the molecular level, expression of a dominant negative mutant of HIP1 led to caspase-9–dependent apoptosis, suggesting that HIP1 is a cellular survival factor. Thus, HIP1 may play a role in tumorigenesis by allowing the survival of precancerous or cancerous cells. HIP1 might accomplish this via regulation of clathrin-mediated trafficking, a fundamental cellular pathway that has not previously been associated with tumorigenesis. HIP1 represents a putative prognostic factor for prostate cancer and a potential therapy target in prostate as well as colon cancers.