tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Therapy.
Authors: J. Issa
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Epigenetic changes such as alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications have been well described in various malignancies and are now recognized as targets of therapy (epigenetic therapy). The aim of epigenetic therapy is to reverse epigenetic changes and reactivate important genes thereby modifying the malignant phenotype and inducing clearance of the malignant clone by various mechanisms. Epigenetic modifying agents may also have mechanisms of anticancer action unrelated to gene reactivation. The hypomethylating drugs azacitidine and decitabine induce clinically meaningful remissions or improvements in 30-60% of patients with myeloid leukemias and prolong survival compared to standard approaches including chemotherapy. Both drugs been approved in the USA for the treatment of advanced and/or symptomatic MDS. Their clinical activity in other malignancies including breast cancer is poorly defined because published studies used drug doses and schedules of administration that are not optimal for epigenetic activation. New clinical trials are addressing their potential role in solid tumors. Histone deacetylase inhibitors belong to another class of epigenetic modifying agents. Clinically, they have impressive single agent activity in lymphoid malignancies, but have been disappointing so far in other cancers. However, they are synergistic with many cytotoxic or targeted agents, and their ultimate clinical role may well lay in combination studies. Current studies are focusing on identifying drugs that target additional epigenetic pathways such as the polycomb group proteins, as well as combinations of drugs to affect multiple epigenetic pathways simultaneously. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES4-3.
Macroamylasemia.
Authors: J. E. Berk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Macroamylasemia.J. E. Berk, M.D., F.A.C.P., H. Kizu, M.D., E. Geller, Ph.D., L. Fridhandler, Ph.D.J. E. Berk, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, H. Kizu, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, E. Geller, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. Fridhandler, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1065_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMacroamylasemia, a newly recognized cause of persistent elevation of serum amylase activity, appears to be commoner than might have been suspected. Clinical observatons and special biochemical determinations made in 12 cases that have been studied to date are reported. Only 3 of the 12 patients were men, and 10 of the 12 were white. Although no consistent symptom configuration was apparent, abdominal pain of variable severity was a complaint in eight cases. In six patients in whom an abdominal operation was performed, the pancreas was considered normal in five and showed a minor change of questionable signficance in the sixth.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. E. Berk, M.D., F.A.C.P.; H. Kizu, M.D.; E. Geller, Ph.D.; L. Fridhandler, Ph.D.Affiliations: Irvine, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5 Page: 1065-1066 Keywords Abdominal pain Pancreas ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
AMAGRAMS
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel and doxifluridine (an intermediate metabolite of capecitabine) combination chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer
Authors: I. Takeyoshi, F. Makita, Y. Tanahashi, S. Iwazaki, S. Nakamura, T. Ogawa, H. Ishikawa, T. Ohya, S. Kawate, Y. Morishita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

4082 Background: Paclitaxel and doxifluridine (5’-DFUR; an intermediate metabolite of capecitabine), which have distinct mechanisms of action and toxicity profiles, each have considerable single-agent activity in gastric cancer. A synergistic interaction between these two drugs was suggested from the taxane-induced upregulation of thymidine phosphorylase, which converts 5’-DFUR to 5-FU. Therefore, this study evaluated the antitumor activity and toxicities of paclitaxel and 5’-DFUR in combination in patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer (AGC). Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed AGC, which was unresectable or metastatic, PS 0–2, and over 20 years old were eligible for this study. The treatment included paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks and doxifluridine 533 mg/m2 p.o. on days 1–5/week until there was disease progression or the appearance of unacceptable toxicity. Results: Between April 2003 and October 2004, 59 patients were enrolled in this study. Their median age was 67.0 years (range: 36–79) and 48 patients were male. Thirty-three patients had advanced gastric cancer and 26 had recurrent gastric cancer. After a median of 2 (range: 1–17) cycles of chemotherapy, 59 patients were evaluated for toxicity and 45 patients were evaluated for response. In the intention-to-treat analysis, the overall response rate was 33.3% (95% C.I., 19.6–47.1%), including 1 CR, 14 PRs, 22 SDs, and 8 PDs. The first-line therapy involved 26 patients (primary advanced or surgery alone) in whom the response rate was 46.2% (95% C.I., 27.0–65.3%). The second-line therapy involved 16 patients (70% TS-1 failure) in whom the response rate was 18.8% (95% C.I., 0.36–37.9%). The median overall survival was 259 days. The actual dose intensity was 83.0% (49/59) of the planned dose during the first two cycles for both drugs. Commonly observed grade 3/4 adverse events were leukopenia (11.9%), nausea and vomiting (8.5%), diarrhea (6.1%), and fatigue (5.1%). There was no neutropenic fever or treatment-related death. Conclusions: Paclitaxel and 5’-DFUR combination chemotherapy is active in AGC and well tolerated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ADDITIONAL A.C.P. MEMBERS IN THE ARMED FORCES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1944)

College News Notes1 September 1944ADDITIONAL A.C.P. MEMBERS IN THE ARMED FORCESAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-21-3-499 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPreviously reported in the News Notes section of this journal were the names of 1,706 Fellows and Associates of the College on active military duty. The following additional members have since reported for active duty, bringing the total to 1,714.Abraham M. Balter George W. Pedigo, Jr.Karl W. Brimmer Joseph G. RushtonWilliam E. Kendall Ralph F. SchneiderFrederick W. S. Modern Walter D. WestinghouseLt. Col. Charles H. A. Walton, RCAMC, F.A.C.P., who has served overseas with the Canadian Army, has received an honorable discharge, and will engage again in private practice in Winnipeg, Manitoba.NEW LIFE MEMBERS This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1944Volume 21, Issue 3Page: 499-521KeywordsArmed forces ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1944 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevention of coronary heart disease in practice. Implications of the results of recent clinical trials
Authors: N. O. Borhani
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IDEALLY, coronary heart disease should be prevented before it becomes clinically manifest, but when<i>primary prevention</i>fails, prevention of death and recurrent myocardial infarction after the first event, or<i>secondary prevention</i>, is still a worthwhile and achievable goal. Therefore, a review of the results of recent clinical trials on both secondary and primary prevention of coronary heart disease, and of their implications for clinical practice, would seem to be timely and useful. <h3>SECONDARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE</h3> A previous history of myocardial infarction is a recognized risk factor for recurrent events, including sudden death. This review reports on recent clinical trials on the efficacy of platelet-active drugs, β-adrenergic blockers, and lowering blood cholesterol regimen in treatment of this high-risk group of patients. Only selected examples of large-scale clinical trials, both short and long term, are addressed. <h3>Clinical Trials on the Protective Effect of Platelet-Active Drugs</h3> Platelet-active drugs, such as
Capecitabine (X) plus vinorelbine (N) as second-line therapy in Chinese patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC)
Authors: B. Xu, L. Tian, Q. Wu, M. Zhou, H. Wang, Z. Tong, H. Li, L. Li, G. Hu, J. Shi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

781 Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among Chinese women and the rate of new cases has risen during the past 20 years. 5-FU + N is an effective palliative regimen for MBC. N upregulates thymidine phosphorylase, a key enzyme in the conversion of X to active 5-FU within tumors. In several studies, the combination of X + N led to response rates ranging from 43–67% in first-line MBC. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of X + N in Chinese pts with MBC refractory to anthracycline or taxane treatment. Methods: 77 pts were enrolled between Feb 2003 and Nov 2004. All pts had measurable MBC (WHO) recurrent after anthracycline or taxane treatment, Karnofsky PS ≥60, adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic function. Pts received 3-weekly cycles of oral X 1000mg/m2 bid on days 1–14 + i.v. N 25mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, for at least 2 cycles. Pts with PD went off study while those with CR, PR, or SD continued treatment for a maximum of 6 cycles. Results: Baseline characteristics of the 77 pts evaluable to date: median age 51 years (range 29–68); median Karnofsky PS 90 (range 70–100). Previous chemotherapy was: anthracycline (87%), paclitaxel/docetaxel (52%). Principal tumor sites were: lung (40%), liver (39%), lymph nodes (33%), thoracic wall (12%), breast (7%), other (3%). All pts received at least 2 cycles, 20 received 4 cycles and 47 received 6 cycles. Efficacy findings are shown in the table. Median progression-free and overall survival have not yet been reached. The most common (≥10% pts) treatment-related grade 1/2 adverse events were: HFS (16%), nausea (12%), and SGPT abnormality (10%). Most adverse events improved or resolved after dose adjustment and/or suitable treatments. There were very few grade 3/4 adverse events, the most common being leucopenia (12%). Conclusions: X + N is highly active in MBC and its efficacy is confirmed in this study in Chinese pts. The combination is also well tolerated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Treatment by Diet
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hematological Reactions
Authors: Charles M. Huguley
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The blood dyscrasias that may follow the use of drugs are aplastic anemia, erythroid hypoplasia without pancytopenia, leukopenia and agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and megaloblastic anemia. The most important of these are aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis, both because of their frequency of occurrence and their high fatality rates. <h3>Blood Dyscrasias</h3><h3>Aplastic Anemia.—</h3> The mechanism by which drugs produce aplastic anemia is not known. Indeed, the evidence that any drug may produce aplastic anemia is largely circumstantial. Many patients in whom aplastic anemia develops are not aware that they had taken any drugs and, even when drugs had been taken, there is not necessarily an etiological relationship to the anemia. Nevertheless, the circumstantial evidence against some drugs, particularly chloramphenicol, is overwhelming. Of about 700 cases of aplastic anemia reported to the AMA Registry on Blood Dyscrasias in a seven-year period, 45% of the patients had received chloramphenicol; 20% of these patients
BACTERICIDAL ACTION AND OSMOTIC DISTURBANCES.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE TAX ON OLEOMARGARINS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monographs on Medical and Allied Subjects.
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Brain Exhaustion, with some Preliminary Consideration on Cerebral Dynamics.
Authors: None C. E. W.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

We will attempt to briefly summarize this charmingly written book. The law of the correlation of forces makes it evident that the functional activity of the brain is dependent upon the liberation of force by the decomposition of the organic matter supplied to that organ. Hence interference with this decomposition through the direct diminution of the supply as in compression of the carotids, or indirectly, either through failure of the organs of alimentation or from deviation into other channels, as in great muscular development, or through diminished functional activity of the brain tissue such as results from mental overwork, will lead to a diminution of its power. This latter condition, to which those previously mentioned may be accessory, constitutes brain exhaustion. It is also shown that the rational hygiene of the emotions is important to the health of the individual, and that the power of memory serves as an index
BY-LAW IV OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.The Publication of Papers and Reports.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A phase II study of S-1 in combination with sorafenib in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Hideki Sakai, Kojiro Ohba, Katsuyoshi Hashine, Yoshihiko Tomita, Nobuo Shinohara, Masato Fujisawa, Masatoshi Eto, Seiichiro Ozono, Taiji Tsukamoto, Hideyuki Akaza, Seiji Naito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

529 Background: The potential of S-1, an oral fluoropyrimidine derivative anticancer agent, for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has been shown in two phase II studies. We therefore studied the efficacy and safety profile of S-1 in combination with sorafenib in Japanese patients with mRCC. The recommended dosage of this combination therapy was based on the results of an associated phase I study, presented at the 2012 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium (Abstract #447). Methods: In this phase II study, we enrolled patients with clear-cell or papillary carcinoma who had received no previous treatment or not more than 1 regimen of cytokine therapy. S-1 was administered orally at 80-120 mg/day according to body surface area for 28 consecutive days of a 42-day cycle in combination with sorafenib (800 mg/day) until disease progression. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR), reviewed by an independent review committee. Results: A total of 21 patients aged 41-78 years were enrolled and were fully assessable for efficacy and safety. Most patients (90.5%) had clear-cell carcinoma, and 8 (38.1%) had received prior cytokine treatment. The ORR was 52.4% (90% CI, 32.8-71.4). One (4.8%) of the 21 patients had a complete response to this combination therapy, 10 (47.6%) had partial responses, and 10 (47.6%) had stable disease. The median progression-free survival was 9.8 months (95% CI, 6.5-14.3). There were no deaths. This combination therapy was well tolerated, and most adverse events were grade 2 or lower. The most common grade ≥3 drug-related adverse events were hypophosphatemia (71.4%) and elevated lipase levels (33.3%). Conclusions: Combination therapy with S-1 plus sorafenib showed promising results regarding the primary endpoint of ORR and had an acceptable toxicity profile in patients with mRCC. Clinical trial information: JapicCTI-090973.