tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmission of hepatitis B virus to classroom contacts of mentally retarded carriers
Authors: B. Breuer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The risk of the spread of hepatitis B virus infection from deinstitutionalized, mentally retarded carriers to pupil and staff school contacts in the New York City public school system was measured serologically in a three-phase study from 1978 to 1982. In the third phase, undertaken in 1982, blood samples were drawn and questionnaires were completed on students and staff tested in either of the first two phases and on comparison groups with intermediate and no known school exposure to deinstitutionalized carriers. Univariate and logistic regression analyses revealed that staff and pupils with a history of classroom exposure to a hepatitis B virus carrier had significantly increased prevalences of hepatitis B virus infection (13.4%, odds ratio=1.9; 9.3%, odds ratio=2.5, respectively). Similarly, yearly seroconversion rates of 1.3% and 0.67% indicate that staff and, to a lesser extent, pupils are at increased risk of infection. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:3190-3195)
Marriages
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Helmets and Preventing Motorcycle and Bicycle Injuries: Comments and a Correction-Reply
Authors: Theodore C. Doege
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Resnick and colleagues concluded that after a long ride, 70% of 330 bicyclists' helmets did not meet three criteria of a satisfactory fit, mostly because their buckles were not fastened securely. This is somewhat surprising, because bicycle helmets must pass a strap-system integrity test before they are certified by the Snell Memorial Foundation or ANSI.<sup>1</sup>The investigators did not say whether the bicyclists' helmets were certified or whether they might have loosened the straps and buckles during the long, hot ride. Resnick et al state that helmet manufacturers seem to be more concerned with helmet style, weight, and ventilation than with its fit. But those features themselves have much to do with the helmet's acceptability and use by the rider. We agree that bicycle helmets may be difficult to adjust to assure a snug fit. The person who sells the helmet has an obligation to instruct
Abstract 2969: The antiviral agent Cidofovir induces DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe in HPV-positive and -negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in vitro
Authors: Ernst-Jan M. Speel, Femke Verhees, Dion Legemaate, Robin Jacobs, Wisse E. Haakma, Mat Rousch, Bernd Kremer
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Objectives: Cidofovir (CDV) is an antiviral agent with anti-proliferative properties and is suggested as treatment option in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients to improve outcome and quality of life. The mechanisms underlying the effectivity of CDV are not completely understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the efficacy of CDV in HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC cell lines in vitro and whether it is caused by a difference in response to DNA damage. Materials and methods: Upon CDV treatment of HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC-, uterine cervical carcinoma (UCC)- and immortalized NOK- cell lines, cell viability was assessed with a MTT assay. Accumulation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and activation of the DNA repair pathway were analyzed using immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blotting (WB), respectively. Apoptosis was detected by cleaved-PARP (WB) and mitotic catastrophe by phospho-Aurora Kinase and Cyclin B1 (IF). Results: All cell lines responded to CDV. Treatment resulted in γ-H2AX accumulation and upregulation of DNA repair proteins, especially in the HPV-positive cells. CDV did not induce PARP cleavage but induced Cyclin B1 expression. Phospho-Aurora Kinase immunostaining showed a decrease in number of mitoses but an increase in aberrant mitoses suggesting mitotic catastrophe upon CDV treatment. Conclusion: CDV inhibits cell growth in HPV-positive and -negative HNSCC and UCC cell lines which was more profound in HPV-positive cell lines. CDV treated cells showed accumulation of DNA DSBs. Although the DNA repair was activated, apoptosis did not occur. Rather our data indicate the occurrence of mitotic catastrophe. Citation Format: Ernst-Jan M. Speel, Femke Verhees, Dion Legemaate, Robin Jacobs, Wisse E. Haakma, Mat Rousch, Bernd Kremer. The antiviral agent Cidofovir induces DNA damage and mitotic catastrophe in HPV-positive and -negative head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in vitro [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2969.
Acetylcholine release from airway cholinergic nerves in horses with heaves, an airway obstructive disease.
Authors: Z W Wang, M F Yu, N E Robinson, F J Derksen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The present study was conducted to determine if acetylcholine (ACh) release from airway cholinergic nerves is increased and if modulation of ACh release by prejunctional receptors is altered in horses with heaves, an obstructive airway disease characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasm. Trachealis strips and bronchial segments of normal horses and horses affected with heaves were suspended in 2-ml tissue baths. ACh release was induced by electrical field stimulation and the bath ACh content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. In response to electrical field stimulation, the rate of ACh release from cholinergic nerves innervating the trachea was not significantly different between the two groups of horses. The nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine augmented ACh release to the same extent in both groups, indicating that there is no dysfunction of muscarinic autoreceptors on cholinergic nerves of large airways from horses with heaves. Compared with the data from normal horses, the inhibitory effect of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine on ACh release was lacking in the bronchi and less potent in the trachea, suggesting that the prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors are dysfunctional in horses with heaves. Neither exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) nor the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin influenced ACh release from the bronchi, suggesting that a decrease in airway mucosal PGE2 production reported previously in horses with heaves does not alter ACh release.
PATHOGENESIS OF CIRRHOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P268: Weight Change is a Poor Predictor of Change in Body Fatness in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients
Authors: Quinn R Pack, Randal Thomas, Ray Squires, Lezlie Johnson, Virend Somers, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction : Obesity is a common risk factor in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), yet many CR patients do not realize significant weight loss, despite engaging in regular exercise training while in CR. Hypothesis : We hypothesized that standard CR would demonstrate favorable body composition (BC) changes even in the absence of weight loss and sought to measure the performance characteristics of weight loss to predict BC changes. Methods : We included consecutive patients enrolled in early outpatient CR who underwent air displacement plethysmography with measurements of height, weight, and waist circumference at initiation and completion of CR. We calculated the accuracy of weight loss to identify significant improvements in BC. Results : Data from 112 patients were available for analysis; mean age 60±12 yr., 76% male, mean body mass index (BMI) 30.2±5.3 kg/m 2 . The indication for CR was myocardial infarction (n=33), percutaneous coronary intervention (n=29), coronary artery bypass or valve surgery (n=45), and heart transplant (n=5). Repeat testing occurred after a median of 81 days and 21 phase II CR sessions. There was no change in BMI (-0.53±1.3 kg/m 2 , p=0.43) and weight (-1.6±4.0 kg, p=0.51). Fat mass showed a borderline significant decrease of 2.9±3.9 kg (p=0.08). However, BC improved significantly as measured by body fat % (-2.5±3.2%, p=0.03) and waist circumference (-4.6±5.2 cm; p=0.01). There was a correlation between weight loss and fat mass loss (r=0.85, p=0.0001, positive predictive value=0.94), and % fat change (r=0.67, p=0.0001, positive predictive value=0.91). See table 1. However, the negative predictive value to detect no fat change for patients who did not lose weight was low (0.49, when assessed by % body fat loss, and 0.57, when assessed by fat mass loss). Among patients who did not lose weight, 29 (51%) had a greater than 1% body fat loss. Conclusions : The diagnostic performance of weight change to predict favorable BC changes is poor and highlights the potential utility of BC measurements in the CR setting. Table. Diagnostic Characteristics of Weight Loss as a Predictor of Improvements in Body Composition Weight Loss (kg) Body Fat % Loss ≤ 1% Fat Mass Loss (kg) &gt; 1kg &gt; 1% ≤ 1kg &gt; 1kg 49 5 51 3 ≤ 1kg or gain 29 28 25 33 Sensitivity 0.63 0.67 Specificity 0.85 0.92 PPV * 0.91 0.94 NPV ** 0.49 0.57 * PPV = Positive Predictive Valve, ** NPV = Negative Predictive Value
EYE TROUBLES WHICH CONSTITUTE A FREQUENT SOURCE OF HEADACHE, VERTIGO AND NAUSEA, AND OTHER NERVOUS DISORDERS.Series of four lectures delivered at the Fourth Special Course of the Chicago Policlinic.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1893)

FIRST LECTURE—ANOMALIES OF REFRACTION. It has of late years become more and more generally understood that certain affections of the eye have a far reaching effect upon the nervous system, and are a prolific source of nervous disorders. The clinical evidence now in our possession is so abundant and strong that this causative relation between the eye and certain neuroses can no longer be treated as a mere theory, but must be accepted as a positive fact. As the clear understanding of this relation is of the greatest consequence in the successful management of numerous nervous complaints you are called upon every day to relieve, I thought in looking for a practical subject for these lectures I could not choose any that would interest you as much as the "Ocular Affections which Constitute a Frequent Source of Headache, Vertigo, Nausea, and other Nervous Disorders." For this purpose I have arranged
Better diagnosis could aid battle against pelvic inflammatory disease
Authors: W. E. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1980)

"Today's epidemic of pelvic inflammatory disease is tomorrow's epidemic of infertility." With this prediction, Donald R. Hopkins, MD, assistant director for international health at the Center for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, opened an international symposium on pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) at the CDC recently. Throughout the three-day conference, experts on sexually transmitted diseases presented evidence of the complexity, variety, and seriousness of the problem. Perhaps the most important aspects of this in the United States are the lack of awareness by physicians of the microbiological diversity of the disorder and the failure of public health authorities to disseminate the most appropriate guidelines for the care of such patients. <h3>Impressive Prevalence</h3> Physicians care for 212,000 cases of salpingitis annually, according to data presented by Oscar G. Jones of the venereal disease control division of the CDC. James Curran, MD, chief of the operational research branch of the same division, noted that
Screening for Prostate Cancer
Authors: H. Thomas Robertson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters16 September 2003Screening for Prostate CancerH. Thomas Robertson, MDH. Thomas Robertson, MDFrom University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-6-200309160-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I distributed the summary of the USPSTF prostate cancer screening guideline to an advocacy group of professionals and businessmen who are prostate cancer survivors. The conclusion that evidence is insufficient to determine whether the benefits outweigh the harms for a screened population (1) triggered an almost palpable feeling of dismay. Every one of us has frequently and most sincerely wished that he had been diagnosed earlier by routine screening. We want to emphasize the following points to Annals readers.1. Prostate cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in nonsmoking men.2. Screening with digital ...References1. Screening for prostate cancer: recommendation and rationale. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:915-6. [PMID: 12458992] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Harris R, Lohr KN. Screening for prostate cancer: an update of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:917-29. [PMID: 12458993] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. Thomas Robertson, MDAffiliations: From University of Washington; Seattle, WA 98195. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening for Prostate Cancer: Recommendation and RationaleU.S. Preventive Services Task Force*Screening for Prostate Cancer: An Update of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Russell Harris and Kathleen N. Lohr Screening for Prostate Cancer Alfred O. Berg Screening for Prostate Cancer Robert L. Smith Metrics 16 September 2003Volume 139, Issue 6Page: 531-532KeywordsBiopsyCancer screeningCancer treatmentDigital rectal examinationEmotionsHealth screeningLife expectancyProstate cancerScreening guidelinesTreatment guidelines ePublished: 16 September 2003 Issue Published: 16 September 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Contaminated Starter Culture Lands Tempeh at Center of Outbreak
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative Toxicities of Different Forms of Asbestos on Rat Pleural Mesothelial Cells
Authors: M. C. Jaurand, I. Bastie-Sigeac, A. Renier, J. Bignon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The effects of UICC crocidolite and chrysotile A, either oxalic acid-leached or unleached, on the viability, morphology and growth characteristics of rat pleural mesothelial cells (PMC) were examined; DQ12 quartz particles were also used. When asbestos fibers were added for 48 hr at the beginning of exponential growth, 20 or 50 micrograms/mL of chrysotile fibers were cytotoxic and no growth occurred; with 5 or 10 micrograms/mL a latent period was observed, and the mean population doubling time was increased. Chrysotile ingestion was associated with morphological changes (spreading, intense vacuolation); moreover, a large proportion of the cells was binucleated (more than 30% with 10 micrograms/mL). The oxalic acid-leached chrysotile inhibited growth at a concentration of 50 micrograms/mL; with 5 or 10 micrograms/mL, no spreading occurred, but a shrinkage of some cells was observed. A few large vacuoles were seen in the cytoplasm of the cells; there were fewer binucleated cells. Addition of 5 or 10 micrograms/mL of crocidolite, either leached or unleached, did not significantly change the growth rate, in spite of the presence of a large number of fibers inside the cells which persisted when the cells reached confluency. With 20 or 50 micrograms/mL, the mean population doubling time was increased in a dose-dependent manner. A slight vacuolation of the cells occurred. The sample of quartz did not modify the parameters studied in this report. The results confirm the different in vitro reactivities of the two kinds of unleached asbestos fibers. Leaching of chrysotile fibers decreased their reactivity; alternatively, leaching of crocidolite increased the effects on PMC.
CORTISONE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Researching Alternatives
Authors: R Sikorski, R Peters
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Journal: Circulation (2007)

a few corrections did not appear in the second page of the final article.The second sentence of the first full paragraph should read, "Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is not well understood, but it is believed, at least with anthracyclines, to be caused partly by generation of free radicals, mitochondrial dysfunction, iron-and calcium-handling abnormalities, and resulting apoptosis."The following acknowledgment should have been added: I thank
Superantigens: Mechanism Of T Cell Stimulation And Role In Immune-Responses
Authors: A Herman
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1991)

Superantigens combine with MHC class-II molecules to form the ligands that stimulate T cells via the Vβ element of the T-cell receptor. Two groups of superantigens have been described so far: first, endogenous murine products that include the MIs determinants, and second, bacterial products such as the Staphylococcal enterotoxins. Here, we review studies that address the interactions between the foreign superantigens and MHC class-II molecules, the mechanism of T-cell stimulation, and the role that tolerance to self -superantigens plays in shaping the T-cell repertoire. We speculate on the possible evolutionary significance of superantigens.
Table of contents
Authors: Jeffrey Bernhard, Thomas Cropley, Karen Wiss, Ponciano Cruz, Jane Grant-Kels, Nathaniel Jellinek, Rhode Island, Timothy Johnson, Ann Arbor, Alexandra Kimball, Marta Petersen, Salt Lake, David Rubenstein, Martin Weinstock, Suddhasatta Acharyya, Leah Belazarian, Michael Bigby, Jean Bolognia, New Haven, Luis Diaz, Chapel Hill, Carolina Lebwohl, New York, Donald Miech, Wisconsin Ginat, W Mirowski, Scott Norton, Maryland Olsen, Carolina Orringer, Amy Paller, J Smith, Richard Dobson, Charleston South, Jon Dyer, Joan Guitart, Marisa Klein-Gitelman, Anthony Mancini
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)