tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute appendicitis
Authors: D J Humes, J Simpson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is predominantly a clinical one; many patients present with a typical history and examination findings.The cause of acute appendicitis is unknown but is probably multifactorial; luminal obstruction and dietary and familial factors have all been suggested. 1Appendicectomy is the treatment of choice and is increasingly done as a laparoscopic procedure.This article reviews the presentation, investigation, treatment, and complications of acute appendicitis and appendicectomy. How common is appendicitis?Appendicitis is the most common abdominal emergency and accounts for more than 40 000 hospital admissions in England every year. 2 Appendicitis is most common between the ages of 10 and 20 years, but no age is exempt. 3A male preponderance exists, with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1; the overall lifetime risk is 8.6% for males and 6.7% for females in the United States. 3 Since the 1940s the incidence of hospital admission for acute appendicitis has been falling, but the reason for this decline is not clear.w1 How do I diagnose it?Diagnosis of acute appendicitis relies on a thorough history and examination.w2
Reply
Authors: R A Veenendaal, I Biemond, A S Pena
Journal: Gut (1992)

Serum pepsinogens in blood transfusion donors EDITOR,-We read with great interest the paper by Veenendaal et al in Gut.'In this study the authors showed that blood donors positive for Helicobacter pylori antibodies revealed higher serum pepsinogen A and C levels than their seronegative counterparts.In addition, the authors plotted the measured IgA and IgG absorbance index against age and showed a weak but significant correlation between the height of the absorbance index and rising age.The authors suggested that this increase could be caused by progression of chronic superficial gastritis.We cannot confirm these findings and do not agree with this conclusion.In an earlier study we showed that the positive/negative (P/N) ratio (identical to Veenendaal's absorbance index) in patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and proved active helicobacter associ- ated gastritis was significantly higher than in healthy seropositive blood donors2 (mean 3-63 (1-24) range 1-06-6-45 v mean 2-32 (0 47) range 1-51-3-43 respectively, p<0-001).Although considerable overlap was present in the lower ranges, it was concluded that high P/N ratios occur with active inflammation and that lower P/N ratios can reflect a serological scar of past infection as well.It was also shown that inflammation with polymorphonuclear cells invading the mucosa causes a higher P/N ratio, hence antibody response, compared with a milder degree of inflammation.3In the Table
Research Needs for the Risk Assessment of Health and Environmental Effects of Endocrine Disruptors: A Report of the U.S. EPA-Sponsored Workshop
Authors: Robert J. Kavlock, George P. Daston, Chris DeRosa, Penny Fenner-Crisp, L. Earl Gray, Steve Kaattari, George Lucier, Michael Luster, Michael J. Mac, Carol Maczka, Ron Miller, Jack Moore, Rosalind Rolland, Geoffrey Scott, Daniel M. Sheehan, Thomas Sinks, Hugh A. Tilson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The hypothesis has been put forward that humans and wildlife species have suffered adverse health effects after exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.Reported adverse effects include declines in populations, increases in cancers, and reduced reproductive function.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a workshop in April 1995 to bring together interest- ed parties in an effort to identify research gaps related to this hypothesis and to establish priori- ties for future research activities.Approximately 90 invited participants were organized into work groups developed around the principal reported health effects-carcinogenesis, reproductive toxi- city, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity-as well as along the risk assessment paradigm-hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization.Attention focused on both ecological and human health effects.In general, the group felt that the hypothesis warranted a concerted research effort to evaluate its validity and that research should focus primarily on effects on development of reproductive capability, on improved exposure assessment, and on the effects of mixtures.This report summarizes the discussions of the work groups and details the recommendations for additional research.
Lippincott Company's Pocket Medical Dictionary; Including pronunciation and definition of twenty thousand of the principal terms used in Medicine and the allied sciences, together with many elaborate tables.
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Missed Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Cases
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The comprehensive examination
Authors: H. E. Hoff
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An examination is an expression of policy. For better or worse, whether it is a course examination or a comprehensive, whether it is extramural or intramural, it exemplifies the philosophy of those who give it. It sets standards and establishes orientation, and therefore becomes a guide to the true expectations of the examining body, quite apart from its examining function, that is, it becomes a guide to learning as well as a test of learning. It is these two functions that demand either reconciliation or clear-cut separation. I have often explained this dichotomy to anxious students by the story of the man who entered a restaurant and ordered and ate, in sequence, two complete meals, the first of high calories and low cost, and the second a superbly expensive meal of more modest calories. When questioned about this performance, he stated that the first meal was for his tapeworm, the
PDTM-04. REDEFINING THE CELLULAR ARCHITECTURE OF DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMAS WITH H3 K27M MUTATIONS THROUGH LARGE-SCALE SINGLE-CELL ANALYSES
Authors: Mariella Filbin, Itay Tirosh, Volker Hovestadt, Christine Haberler, Kristine Pelton, Thomas Czech, Liliana Goumnerova, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, David Louis, Mark Kieran, Irene Slavc, Keith Ligon, Todd Golub, Aviv Regev, Bradley Bernstein, Mario Suva
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)
ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Surgery
Authors: J. E. Frichsen
Journal: BMJ (1886)

It is, quite true that; most people eat far too much, and, againi that wi4h regard to thestomach, as well as to all other organs wnd parts Qfthe bodye, the principle of functional rest is of primary importance in'dealing with disease; and restriction of food, and even tomporary statvation is often necessary ; but we must distinguish, and not starve, those trho are siuffering from inadequate nourisOhment or employ treatment for catarrh, or ulcer, or organic disease, when nothing of the kind is present.., had on my list a reference to the injudicious use of purgatives, a t(o.the employment of aperients, without reference to the speciaI oas of constipation, -and without discriminating between the differ, ltgimbdes of action of the drug select&l.I might also have extended the: cataloge of injurious; remote efcts of remedies, but it is time to nske way for the more important papers which await your attention.
Age-specific reference ranges for prostate-specific antigen
Authors: R. I. Nooter
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their recent article in<i>JAMA</i>, Oesterling et al<sup>1</sup>describe a randomly chosen population of 537 asymptomatic men between 40 and 79 years of age who participated in a clinical examination including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), digital rectal examination (DRE), and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), and TRUS-guided biopsies on indication. Only 88% of these men formed the study population, since 61 men (11%) did not complete the investigations and five men (1%) were found to have prostatic carcinoma. The data of Oesterling et al are compatible with those of the Rotterdam feasibility study of screening for prostate carcinoma in 548 men between 55 and 75 years of age, published by Kirkels et al.<sup>2</sup>Although the correlation of serum PSA concentration with age was only.<sup>21</sup>in the study by Kirkels et al, the correlation of prostatic volume with age and PSA concentration was the same as in the
Possible Application of Urinary Analysis to Estimate Dissolution of Some Man-Made Vitreous Fibers
Authors: Agnes Wastiaux, Olivier Blanchard, Sylvie Honnons
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

A preliminary study at the Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) examined the dissolution of three man-made vitre- ous fiber samples (glasswool, rockwool, glass microfibers: JM 100) after intraperitoneal injections in male Wistar rats.The chemical composition of the original fibers was determined by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP).The urine of the rats was collected at fixed times between day 1 and day 204, and the ICP was used to look for elements known to be present in the original fibers.At day 204, a piece of omentum was removed at autopsy, ashed and analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) to identify the elements remaining in the fibers.Silicon and aluminium were retained in the fibers from all samples at day 204.Losses in calcium, sodium, magnesium, and sulfur were observed, but these ele- ments were not studied in the urine samples because they are naturally present in relatively high concentrations in rat cells and biological fluids.Although there was a loss of zinc from the glass microfibers, no corresponding difference was observed between the zinc levels excreted by the treated animals and by the controls.Similarly, despite the loss of manganese from the rockwool fibers at day 204, none was detectable in the urine samples.Titanium, present at the 0.3% level in rockwool, was not detectable by EDXA at day 204, but small quantities were detected in the first 2 weeks in the urine samples of rats treated with rockwool.The barium content of the retained glass microfibers (JM 100) had decreased at day 204, and this element was detectable in the corresponding urine samples.It was considered that Ti and Ba could be suitable biomarkers of exposure to rockwool and glass microfibers (JM 100).
ASSOCIATION NEWS.
Authors: G. C. Savage
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>Preparations for the Forty-first Annual Meeting.</h3><h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I write to state that arrangements for the next meeting of the American Medical Association are being made rapidly and satisfactorily by our several committees. The Committee on Halls and Hotels have completed their work. The general meetings will be held in our largest and finest theatre, the Vendome. A splendid hall has been procured for the meeting of every Section, and all of these are within two minutes' walk of the Vendome. The Committee on Entertainments will do their duty, and will have in store much pleasure for all who may attend; but the entertainments will be so arranged as not to conflict with either general or Sectional meetings. Our hotels and boarding-houses can accommodate as many as will come. May we not hope for two thousand at least? The Committee on Reception will meet all incoming trains, and will
Critical assessment of the clinical TNM system in breast cancer. Report from the Yorkshire Breast Cancer Group.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

If useful conclusions are to result from trials of treatment in breast cancer it is vital that the system of classification is accurate and reproducible. In 348 patients with operable breast cancer the TNM classification (1974 version) was examined. Surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists varied considerably in measuring tumour size (T), surgeons and radiologists agreeing in only 39% of cases, surgeons and pathologists in 54%, and radiologists and pathologists in 59%. Surgeons and pathologists agreed on the state of the regional lymph nodes (N) in 68% of cases. Thus the 1974 version of the TNM system is an inaccurate method of classifying breast cancer. The revised 1978 version, however, incorporating histopathological findings, should improve the accuracy of classification, and it is strongly recommended that future trials use this new version.
Limitations of lactated Ringer's solution in massive fluid replacement
Authors: P. O. Bridenbaugh
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Extracellular fluid volume was maintained by administration of 14 liters whole blood, 28 liters lactated Ringer's solution, and 2 liters of dextran 70 in a patient suffering severe hemorrhage (25 liters) during a 4 1/2-hour decompressive cervical laminectomy. Lactated Ringer's solution proved advantageous as a supplement to the whole blood because of its ready availability, modest cost and freedom from hepatitis virus. However, determinations of the hematocrit value and total serum protein level demonstrated the limitation of lactated Ringer's solution in supplying colloid for total volume replacement.
Corrigenda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2016)

In the article by Talamonti et al, 1 there were statistical errors and inconsistencies found after a comprehensive new critique of the paper.More specifically, some of the statistical analysis presented was relative to a group of patients with PASI>12, and not to the entire cohort of patients.Furthermore, some of the odds ratios presented were out of range because of typographical errors.Therefore, the authors re-evaluated the data for the entire cohort of patients to correct these mistakes.Following multiple exchanges with the editorial offices of BJD, the authors have compiled the following corrections that confirm and strengthen the main message of the original paper on the higher efficacy of ustekinumab in patients harboring the HLACw6 allele.
'Storage pool disease' of platelets. Association with multiple congenital cavernous hemangiomas
Authors: M. S. Khurana
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A woman with congenital cavernous hemangiomas and a bleeding diathesis since childhood was found to have a qualitative platelet defect characterized by the absence of a second-phase aggregation induced by epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and collagen, accompanied by decreased levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP, with a high ATP-ADP ratio consistent with the diagnosis of "storage pool disease" of the platelets. There was no evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation or circulating antiplatelet antibodies. The bleeding tendency responded to platelet transfusion. (<i>JAMA</i>244:169-171, 1980)
CIRCULATORY FAILURE
Authors: CARL J. WIGGERS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The term "circulatory failure" characterizes any condition in which the arterial pressure and, consequently, the capillary stream are reduced to such an extent that, if long continued, the functions of the normal organs are impaired and those of previously deranged organs are prevented from regaining their normal activity. Progressive circulatory failure is a frequent and serious accompaniment of the clinical condition to which long usage has conferred the term "shock." Does it follow,<i>ipso facto</i>, that all forms of circulatory failure are due to shock and that, therefore, the condition of the arterial pressure is an index of shock and a guide as to the prognosis and efficacy of remedial measures? Or is circulatory failure produced by various agencies, among which "shock" is only one? Again, is the circulatory failure in shock distinctive in character so that it can be differentiated from other forms? An answer to these questions is
2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Stephan D. Fihn, Julius M. Gardin, Jonathan Abrams, Kathleen Berra, James C. Blankenship, Apostolos P. Dallas, Pamela S. Douglas, JoAnne M. Foody, Thomas C. Gerber, Alan L. Hinderliter, Spencer B. King, Paul D. Kligfield, Harlan M. Krumholz, Raymond Y.K. Kwong, Michael J. Lim, Jane A. Linderbaum, Michael J. Mack, Mark A. Munger, Richard L. Prager, Joseph F. Sabik, Leslee J. Shaw, Joanna D. Sikkema, Craig R. Smith, Sidney C. Smith, John A. Spertus, Sankey V. Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
In vitro activation of woodchuck lymphocytes measured by radiopurine incorporation and interleukin-2 production: Implications for modeling immunity and therapy in hepatitis B virus infection*1
Authors: P COTE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Cellular immune responses to hepatitis B virus (HBV) play an important role in the resolution of acute infection. They also influence the course of chronic infection and disease but are inadequate to completely clear the infection. Woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection of the woodchuck can provide a model to study these processes. Lymphocyte responses of woodchucks were assessed by in vitro proliferation and/or interleukin (IL)-2 assays using mitogen (Concanavalin A [Cona]), cytokine (IL-2), superantigen (Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B [Seb]), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigen (mixed lymphocyte reaction [Mlr]), and viral antigens (woodchuck hepatitis virus core antigen [WHcag] and woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen [WHsag]). ConA-stimulated woodchuck lymphocytes underwent cell division based on cell counting experiments and produced IL-2 as detected using an IL-2-dependent murine cell line but failed to incorporate sufficient tritiated thymidine; however, they did incorporate sufficient tritiated adenosine and deoxyadenosine to permit development of a meaningful proliferation assay. The IL-2 assay was sensitive and specific for detection of wood-chuck IL-2 induced by mitogen, superantigen, and MLR, as shown by quantitative titration analysis and anti-body neutralization of ConA-supernatant activity. Cyclosporin A and FK506 specifically inhibited ConAand SEB-induced IL-2 production by woodchuck lymphocytes. Positive two-way MLRs were detected by IL-2 production and proliferation assay between woodchucks from different geographic regions, thus indicating divergence among MHC molecules; however, occasional negative MLR reactions among indigenous pairs of woodchucks indicated that some woodchucks were mutually immunocompatible to some degree. The radioadenosine proliferation assay was sensitive for detecting peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to WHcAg and WHsAg in adult woodchucks with recently resolved acute infections. The above systems should facilitate the design of adoptive therapy and liver transplantation experiments in the woodchuck, and also enable modeling of immune responses that promote and maintain chronic hepadnavirus infection.
Hypertension Among Mexican Americans— United States, 1982-1984 and 1988-1991
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Since 1960, data have been collected on measured blood pressure for non-Hispanic whites and blacks. However, few data have been available measured blood pressure for Mexican Americans (1). Until the release of data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination III, Phase I (NHANES III), the only source of blood pressure data for most of the Mexican American population in the United States was the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES). Data on measured blood pressure for other Hispanic subgroups (i.e., Cuban Americans and Puerto Ricans) were available in HHANES but not in NHANES III. To identify trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among Mexican Americans aged 18-74 years, HHANES (conducted during 1982-1984) and NHANES III (conducted during 1988-1991) were analyzed. This report summarizes the results of that analysis.