tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for hypothermia in the ambulatory elderly. The Maine experience
Authors: L. Keilson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This study investigated the prevalence of low body temperatures in 97 elderly and 20 nonelderly subjects. To the best of our knowledge, no earlier survey has been conducted with a North American population. To ensure comparability with the British National Survey performed in 1973, urine temperatures were collected as a proxy measure of core temperatures. The urine-collecting funnel was modified to minimize cooling artifact introduced by the device. Study subjects were selected from an internal medicine clinic that serves the poor, a federally subsidized housing project, and a subsidized housing project in northernmost Maine. A youthful population (mean age, 32.3 years) was chosen to provide a comparative population to elderly participants (mean age, 73.9 years). Based on the British National Survey, the expected prevalence of low body temperatures (&lt;35.5 °C) was 10%. The present study detected no low body temperatures, and the average urine and mouth temperatures were 0.3 and 0.19 °C warmer, respectively, than those in the British National Survey. Youthful subjects were not significantly different from elderly participants. There appears to be no evidence from this study that low early-morning basal body temperature (&lt;35.5 °C) is a common geriatric occurrence in ambient room temperature. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1781-1784)
Thoracic Surgery
Authors: J. Gordon Scannell, Earle W. Wilkins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

SYMPTOMATIC of the development of thoracic surgery in the past four years has been the metamorphosis of the Journal of Thoracic Surgery to the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. The development of satisfactory extracorporeal circulation has led quite naturally to increased surgical emphasis on the heart and great vessels, and the sensational progress made in the cardiovascular field has obscured the lung and the esophagus. To show that these fields have not lain fallow is the purpose of this report.Physiologic ConsiderationsThe critical importance of the pulmonary circulation and changes in pulmonary vascular resistance have long stimulated . . .
Vaccine-Induced Antibody Responses as Parameters of the Influence of Endogenous and Environmental Factors
Authors: Henk Van Loveren, Jan G. C. Van Amsterdam, Rob J. Vandebriel, Tjeerd G. Kimman, Hans C. Rumke, Peter S. Steerenberg, Jeff G. Vos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In laboratory animals, an adequate way to assess effects of environmental exposures on the immune system is to study effects on antigen-specific immune responses, such as after sensitization to T-cell-dependent antigens. This probably also applies to testing effects in the human population. It has thus been suggested that antibody responses to vaccination might be useful in this context. Vaccination responses may be influenced by a variety of factors other than environmental ones. One factor is the vaccine itself; a second is the vaccination procedure used. In addition, the intrinsic capacity of the recipient to respond to a vaccine, which is determined by sex, genetic factors, and age, is important. Psychological stress, nutrition, and (infectious) diseases are also likely to have an impact. We reviewed the literature on vaccine response. With regard to exogenous factors, there is good evidence that smoking, diet, psychological stress, and certain infectious diseases affect vaccination titers, although it is difficult to determine to what extent. Genetic factors render certain individuals nonresponsive to vaccination. In general, in epidemiologic studies of adverse effects of exposure to agents in the environment in which vaccination titers are used, these additional factors need to be taken into consideration. Provided that these factors are corrected for, a study that shows an association of exposure to a given agent with diminished vaccination responses may indicate suboptimal function of the immune system and clinically relevant diminished immune response. It is quite unlikely that environmental exposures that affect responses to vaccination may in fact abrogate protection to the specific pathogen for which vaccination was performed. Only in those cases where individuals have a poor response to the vaccine may exogenous factors perhaps have a clinically significant influence on resistance to the specific pathogen. An exposure-associated inhibition of a vaccination response may, however, signify a decreased host resistance to pathogens against which no vaccination had been performed.
Insomnia
Authors: Gerald T. Perkoff
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clustering of anophthalmia and microphthalmia
Authors: E C M Mariman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Papers p 905 

A few years ago public concern was raised in England by the appearance of apparent clusters of cases of anophthalmia and microphthalmia.1 The pesticide benomyl, and later on its derivative carbendazim, was suspected to be the cause of the alleged clustering. In response to a press campaign the government in 1993 commissioned further research, although without clearly indicating the direction for the investigations. In this week's issue Dolk et al publish the results of that research (p 905).2 Although they did not confirm clustering, their results raise further, interesting, questions.

Microphthalmia is a general term used to describe a broad range of improperly developed, small eyes in newborn children. One end of the range is marked by babies with complete absence of eyes—that is, anophthalmia—whereas at the other end are cases that are rather arbitrarily …
ISOLATED DEXTROCARDIA
Authors: T. H. G. Shore
Journal: BMJ (1933)

improve.These figures indicate that the danger period is the second year, the third year, and the first half of the fourth year of life, the figures for these periods being under the general average of the complete series.These results are in keeping with the known epidemiological TABLE IV.-EfftiCt of Age of Patient Inijected Per cent.Total No Per cent.
Abstracts: Part I
Authors: C Folwaczny, U Rothful3, R Riepl, P Lehnert, M Meurer1, H Bloching2, U Ka, R Loffeld, H Overtoom, J Rauwerda, A Putten, S Klatt, C Pieramico, B Guthner, H Glasbrenner, K Ditschuneit, G Beckh, F Brembeck, H Hailer1, E Riecken, D Jaspersen, R Weber2, C.-H Hammar, W Draf
Journal: Gut (1995)

Because of frequent complain of symptoms like obstipation, diarrhea and steatorrhea intestinal transit disturbances are likely to occur in PSS.The aim of this study was to correlate intestinal transit times and profiles of intestinal hormones like motilin, gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in patients with PSS with their symptoms. 25 patients with PSS and 11 healthy control subjects were examined for the existence of intestinal transit disturbances and bacterial overgrowth of the small intestine by use of the metal-detector test and the H2-lactulose breath test (LBT). 11patients without signs of bacterial overgrowth in the LBT were also tested for malabsorption of bile acids by measuring pre-and postprandial serum concentrations of cholylglycin (CG).In addition, the serum concentrations of gastrin (13 patients), CCK (10 patients) and plasma motilin concentrations (12 patients) were measured before and after the intake of a standardized meal.Gastric emptying of the copper pellet was significantly accelerated in patients with PSS (53 + 3 min vs. 73 ± 7 min.;p < 0.01).Small intestinal transit times did not differ significantly (1 15 ± 17 min.vs. 121 ± 13 min.). 6patients with PSS showed the typical pattern of the LBT caused by bacterial over- growth of the small intestine.Colonic transit times in patients with PSS were significantly prolonged (63 ± 6 h vs. 39 ± 5 h; p < 0.05).There were no dif- ferences in pre-and postprandial cholylglycin serum concentrations between the two groups.Basal and postprandial gastrin, CCK and motilin concentra- tions were higher in PSS.In contrast to scintigraphic studies using semisolid meals, gastric emptying of the copper pellet was accelerated, probably caused by a pyloric dysfunction in patients with PSS.Beside patients exhibiting an exhalatory H2profile suspicious of bacterial overgrowth, malabsorption of bile acids does not seem to occur.The prolongation of colonic transit correlates well with frequent complained obstipation.Elevated gastrin levels are probably due to gastric hypoacidity.The elevated basal motilin levels could be the result of an interruption of the normal feedback inhibition of motilin release in patients with PSS lacking phase Ill activity of the interdigestive migrating motor complex.The elevated levels of CCK are probably reflecting altered neuronal control of gallbladder contraction in PSS.Therefore the described transit dis- turbances are likely to be the result of intestinal neuropathy, occurring in early stages of PSS.
Pain Speaking—and Anesthesiologists Answer
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

IN CONTRAST with the traditional role of the anesthesiologist—putting patients to sleep and waking them up after some perhaps painful disorder has been surgically dealt with—the subspecialty called pain management requires physicians to treat pain as an entity. "We now know that pain is not merely a passive symptom of disease, but an aggressive disease in itself, producing changes in the brain that underlie the pathology of persistent or chronic pain," says Ronald Dubner, DDS, PhD, chief of the Neurobiology and Anesthesiology Branch of the National Institute of Dental Research (part of the National Institutes of Health), Bethesda, Md. <h3>Pain Research Frontiers</h3> The institute was a cosponsor, along with the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse, American Pain Society, and International Association for the Study of Pain, of a symposium entitled "Frontiers of Pain Research in the Decade of
Radioisotopic Renography: Diagnosis of Renal Arterial Disease in Hypertensive Patients
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Myocardial Infarction Associated With Antihypertensive Drug Therapy
Authors: David A. Blandino
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was disturbed by the obfuscation of the editorial comments of Dr Buring and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>To just present a discussion of the degree of clinical certainty to be derived from scientific studies and then to simply conclude that the findings of Dr Psaty and colleagues<sup>2</sup>offer no clear and important message squander an opportunity to teach a vital lesson and neglect the importance of this ironic twist in the history of hypertension management. It was exactly the same kind of "miscommunication" of nondefinitive data that disparaged the use of diuretics initially.<sup>3</sup>In addition, such noncompelling data, aggressively marketed by the pharmaceutical industry, stimulated the substitution of CCBs and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for both diuretics and β-blockers, despite the latter two's definite clinical benefits.<sup>3,4</sup>If the pen is mightier than the sword, then those who live by its exploitation risk dying by its proper
Excretion of hexachlorobenzene and metabolites in feces in a highly exposed human population.
Authors: J To-Figueras, C Barrot, M Sala, R Otero, M Silva, M D Ozalla, C Herrero, J Corbella, J Grimalt, J Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

A set of 53 individuals from a population highly exposed to airborne hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were selected to study the elimination kinetics of this chemical in humans. The volunteers provided blood, 24-hr urine, and feces samples for analysis of HCB and metabolites. The serum HCB concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 1,485 ng/mL (mean +/- SD, 124 +/- 278), confirming that this human population has the highest HCB blood levels ever reported. All analyzed feces samples contained unchanged HCB (range, 11-3,025 ng/g dry weight; mean +/- SD, 395 +/- 629). The HCB concentration in feces strongly correlated with HCB in serum (r = 0.85; p < 0.001), suggesting an equilibrium in feces/serum that is compatible with a main pulmonary entrance of the chemical and low intestinal excretion of nonabsorbed foodborne HCB. The equilibrium is also compatible with a nonbiliary passive transfer of the chemical to the intestinal lumen. Two HCB main metabolites, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and pentachlorobenzenethiol (PCBT), were detected in 51% and 54% of feces samples, respectively. All urine samples contained PCP and PCBT, confirming the conclusions of a previous study [Environ Health Perspect 105:78-83 (1997)]. The comparison between feces and urine showed that whereas daily urinary elimination of metabolites may account for 3% of total HCB in blood, intestinal excretion of unchanged HCB may account for about 6%, thus showing the importance of metabolism in the overall elimination of HCB. The elimination of HCB and metabolites by both routes, however, appears to be very small (< 0.05%/day) as compared to the estimated HCB adipose depots. Features of HCB kinetics that we present in this study, i.e., nonsaturated intestinal elimination of HCB and excretion in feces and urine of inert glutathione derivatives, may explain, in part, the absence of porphyria cutanea in this human population heavily exposed to HCB.
Update: Influenza Activity — United States, October 2, 2016–February 4, 2017
Authors: Lenee Blanton, Desiree Mustaquim, Noreen Alabi, Krista Kniss, Natalie Kramer, Alicia Budd, Shikha Garg, Charisse N. Cummings, Alicia M. Fry, Joseph Bresee, Wendy Sessions, Rebecca Garten, Xiyan Xu, Anwar Isa Abd Elal, Larisa Gubareva, John Barnes, David E. Wentworth, Erin Burns, Jacqueline Katz, Daniel Jernigan, Lynnette Brammer
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* during October 2, 2016-February 4, 2017,† and updates the previous summary (1). Influenza activity in the United States began to increase in mid-December, remained elevated through February 4, 2017, and is expected to continue for several more weeks. To date, influenza A (H3N2) viruses have predominated overall, but influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and influenza B viruses have also been identified.
Air Pollution Information Activities at State and Local Agencies—United States, 1992
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Because air pollution is a pervasive environmental health problem in the United States, one of the national health objectives for the year 2000 is to increase from 49.7% to 85.0% the proportion of persons who live in counties that have not exceeded any air quality standard during the previous 12 months (1). Public support for air pollution control efforts is critical if this national health objective is to be achieved. To characterize public health information activities related to air pollution, in 1992, the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators (STAPPA) and the Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials (ALAPCO), with the assistance of CDC, conducted a survey of state and local air pollution control agencies. This report summarizes the findings of that survey.
index to advertisers
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Distinct Health Risk Analyses Required for Genotoxic Carcinogens and Promoting Agents
Authors: John H. Weisburger, Gary M. Williams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Health risk analysis needs to apply newer developments in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the carcinogenic process which has allowed for the classification of chemical carcinogens into those that damage genetic material directly (genotoxic carcinogens) and those that operate by indirect or epigenetic mechanisms. We propose a systematic decision point approach for detecting and evaluating substances for carcinogenic risk. This approach recognizes that genotoxic and epigenetic agents operate by different mechanisms and distinguishes between these two categories of carcinogens primarily on the basis of results in a battery of short-term tests that includes systems which reliably detect genotoxic carcinogens and others which may respond to epigenetic agents. Genotoxic carcinogens at very low dosages may have practical, effective threshold no-effect levels, but, nevertheless, because of their mechanism of action they are regarded as a qualitative hazard. The action of epigenetic agents of the promoter class is highly dose-dependent and reversible, and thus, a distinctively different health risk analysis is required for these agents to take account of their quantitatively lesser hazard.
JUSTICE TO THE DEAD AND THE LIVING.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Skin scarring
Authors: A Bayat
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Deciding whether to treat a scar or leave it alone depends on accurate diagnosis of scar type and scar site, symptoms, severity, and stigma Each year in the developed world 100 million patients acquire scars, some of which cause considerable problems, as a result of 55 million elective operations and 25 million operations after trauma. 1 There are an estimated 11 million keloid scars and four million burn scars, 70% of which occur in children. 1 Global figures are unknown but doubtless much higher.People with abnormal skin scarring may face physical, aesthetic, psychological, and social consequences that may be associated with substantial emotional and financial costs.This article reviews the spectrum of abnormal scar types, a range of problems associated with scarring, and provides advice on assessment, treatment, and new therapeutic developments. MethodThis article is based on our scientific and clinical experiences in dermal scarring and on selected articles in recent issues of journals on plastic and reconstructive surgery, dermatology, and wound healing.
Balance Between Active And Inactive Insulin in Blood May Be Factor in Diabetes
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal