tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response
Authors: Douglas W. Bristol, Joseph T. Wachsman, Arnold Greenwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

20 of 30 chemicals will be carcinogenic (66%).Third, some methods have a high proportion of unresolved predictions, for example, 13 of 17 for the CSWG method and 11 of 17 for the FALS method.Fourth, the carcinogenicity of inorganic chemicals seems to be particularly difficult to predict (e.g., 11/17 unresolved pre- dictions for molybdenum trioxide and 7/17 for both gallium arsenide and vanadium pentoxide).Finally, Lewis et al. (2) list a full set of Ames test results for these 30 chemicals, 8 of which are reported to be mutagenic.It would be useful if those data could be endorsed and made part of the overall study, the Ames test being the most generally used carcinogenicity prediction technique.Broad analyses, such as that undertaken above, can be done in the absence of the final carcinogenicity data, and they are to be encour- aged subsequent to a reformulation of the sum- mary table.With the wide range of performance characteristics evident, it is inevitable that some of the predictive methods will be found to be of no general value when the final cancer data are avilable.Whether any of the assays that perform well can be generally adopted for routine use will then become the leading question.The hope must be that such decisions will be faced and that some methods will disappear while others will be generally endorsed and developed.What is certain is that a major shake-out of predictive methodologies lies ahead of us, as illustrated by the need to understand why there is only 60% agreement between the predictions made by Tennant and Spalding (4) and those made by Ashby (5)each of whom used the same predictive method (6).
Predisposition to Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: David O. Arnar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 May 1994Predisposition to Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Gastrointestinal TractDavid O. Arnar, MD and Gunnar Gudmundsson, MDDavid O. Arnar, MDUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics; Iowa City, IA 52242Search for more papers by this author and Gunnar Gudmundsson, MDUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics; Iowa City, IA 52242Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a recent, extensive review of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease, Goodgame [1] indicated that this condition can occur in patients with healthy immune systems, although it is more common in immunocompromised hosts. Most reports of this infection in normal hosts lack a thorough immunologic evaluation. We reported a case of cytomegalovirus-associated gastric ulcers in a patient with no detectable immunologic abnormalities [2].Our patient was a 42-year-old woman who presented with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract showed three gastric ulcers. Biopsy specimens showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies. Serologic test results for cytomegalovirus ...References1. Goodgame, RW. Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:924-35. Google Scholar2. Arnar DO, Gudmundsson G, Theodors A, Valtysson G, Sigfusson A, Jonasson JG. Primary cytomegalovirus infection and gastric ulcers in normal host. Dig Dis Sci. 1991; 33:108-11. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics; Iowa City, IA 52242 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 810-811KeywordsAbdominal painBiopsyCytomegalovirus infectionGastric ulcersGastrointestinal tractHIVImmune systemNauseaVomiting Issue Published: 1 May 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Errata
Journal: BMJ (1893)

could not be harmful, to make use of acid lemonades as a beverage.Citric acid lemonade was recommended and used pretty extensively; the following is a convenient prescription: Citric Acid Lemonade.Citric acid, .F oz.; the juice and peel (cut small) of two lemons; boiled water, 1 galloni; sugar to taste, g lb.To be made fresh every twenty- four hours.Sulphutric Acid Lemonade.Made as above, substituting acid sulphuric dil., 1 oz., for the citric acid.Syrup of lemnons or orange, 1 pint; boiled water, 4 gallons; dilute sulphuric acid, 2 ozs.Nifric Acid Lemonade.With 1 oz.dilute nitric acid instead of the citric acid.We are indebted to Mr. J. Evans, assistant to Mr. Martindale, of New Cavendisli Street, for these substitutes, which, if less palatable, have the advantages of keeping better, of being a little cheaper, and perhaps more effective.RECTAL ENEMATA.MBER writes : The bulbous vaginal nozzle of the ordinary syringe passes the sphincter ani more easily and is safer for the patienlt and the rectum is more tolerant of the diffused injection through the numerous apertures in this nozzle than of the direct stream through the rectal nozzle, and a large enema is better tolerated so as to pass into the colon if desired, and a nutritive enema is better retained.BINIODIDE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC RINGWORM.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation--potential danger of cross-infection
Authors: A. H. Khan
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have just finished reading a MEDICAL NEWS article (241:777, 1979), and having attended and testified at the hearings in Washington, DC, on the proposed new Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, I believe a major problem this OSHA regulation (or one like it) would generate has been overlooked. The proposed regulation would not only give OSHA the right without other authorization to inspect a company record, but also would give OSHA the right to inspect medical records of an employee, regardless of where the records were kept and by whom. Since more than 90% of the employers in this country each employs fewer than 25 workers, and since only a few of the largest companies have their own medical departments, a preponderance of medical records would be in the hands of private physicians. This would mean that OSHA would have entry without a person's authorization
Human Somatic Mutation Assays As Biomarkers of Carcinogenesis
Authors: P. J. E. Compton, Kim Hooper, Martyn T. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

lhis paper describes fourassaysthat detect somatic genemu in humans: thehypanthine-guin phosphoribosyl transferase assay, the glycophorin A assay, the HLA-A assay, and the sickle cell hemoglobin assay.Somatic gene muta- tion can be considered a bionarker ofcarciogenesi, andassays for somatic mutationm y assist epidemiologists in studies that attempt to identify factors associated with increased risks ofcancer.Practcal aspects ofthe use of these assays are discussed.
Acute Hydrocephalus
Authors: Thomas H. Milhorat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

HYDROCEPHALUS, as generally thought of, implies a chronic pathologic process that begins slowly and progresses slowly.1 , 2 Although experimental studies are few, it is estimated that weeks or even months may be required for advanced ventricular enlargement and remodeling of cerebral contour to occur.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 In man, there has been little reason to doubt these estimates. In congenital hydrocephalus, for example, the day-to-day enlargement of the ventricles is slight, and even in the most severely affected infants, an increase in head circumference by more than a few centimeters a week is exceptional. In acquired hydrocephalus, on the other hand, the condition may . . .
New Opioids
Authors: Sebastiano Mercadante, Giampiero Porzio, Vittorio Gebbia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Despite the skilled use of opioid analgesics, which is crucial to the relief of cancer pain, there is a lack of evidence to support many aspects of current clinical practice. Therefore, there is a significant need for more effective treatment options. New opioids have been marketed in the past years, including hydrocodone and oxymorphone. Moreover, mixed opioids with combined mechanisms of action have been developed; one such agent, tapentadol, is a centrally acting oral analgesic that possesses a combined mechanism of action: μ-opioid receptor activation with norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. Drug development strategies involving naloxone have been initiated to reduce peripheral opioid-related adverse effects. The rationale is based on the local antagonist activity of naloxone in intestinal opioid receptors and the negligible oral bioavailability of naloxone, particularly in a prolonged-release formulation. New delivery systems have been developed to provide rapid analgesia with potent opioid drugs such as fentanyl. Despite the upcoming availability of these new drugs and technologies that will add to existing types of opioid medication, their benefits and liabilities will ultimately need to be determined by the individual physician and individual patient experiencing pain.
Thoraxchirurgie, Stuttgart
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dream Recall
Authors: JOHN TRINDER, MILTON KRAMER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The authors investigated two related aspects of dream recall: the selection of dreams recalled in the morning and the representativeness of the content of morning reports of dreams. Their results indicated that several factors from classical memory theory play an important role in determining which dreams will be recalled in the morning and that dreams recalled in the morning are generally representative of the whole night's dreams. The authors also compare their results with those of other reports in the literature.
Patricia Hewitt
Authors: Sarah Spencer, Ian Whitehead, Cecilia Ng
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Background</h3> We test the reversal hypothesis, which suggests that the relationship between obesity and education depends on the economic development in the country; in poor countries, obesity is more prevalent in the higher educated groups, while in rich countries the association is reversed—higher prevalence in the lower educated. <h3>Methods</h3> We assembled a data set on obesity and education including 412 921 individuals from 70 countries in the period 2002–2013. Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was used as a measure of economic development. We assessed the association between obesity and GDP by education using a two-stage mixed effects model. Country-specific educational inequalities in obesity were investigated using regression-based inequality indices. <h3>Results</h3> The reversal hypothesis was supported by our results in men and women. Obesity was positively associated with country GDP only among individuals with lower levels of education, while this association was absent or reduced in those with higher levels of education. This pattern was more pronounced in women than in men. Furthermore, educational inequalities in obesity were reversed with GDP; in low-income countries, obesity was more prevalent in individuals with higher education, in medium-income and high-income countries, obesity shifts to be more prevalent among those with lower levels of education. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Obesity and economic development were positively associated. Our findings suggest that education might mitigate this effect. Global and national action aimed at the obesity epidemic should take this into account.
COURSE IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abnormal ECG in clinically normal individuals
Authors: C. Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

THE ECG is a record of the changing potential of an electrical field generated by the heart and may not always reflect accurately the electrical activity of the heart per se. The clinical diagnosis extracted from the ECG is based on studies correlating clinical, anatomical, pathological, and experimental findings coupled with careful, frequently purely deductive, analysis of numerous records. In reality, therefore, the ECG reflects largely an empirical body of information that can be used, within limits, to identify anatomical, metabolic, ionic, and hemodynamic changes. Despite this basic limitation, the ECG is an extremely useful clinical tool. It is the only practical method of recording the electrical behavior of the heart. It is often an independent marker of myocardial disease and, occasionally, the only indication of a pathological process. Since the ECG reflects an electrical phenomenon, it is not surprising that it may be normal in the presence of cardiac
Clinical translation of a ‘click’ labeled <sup>18</sup>F-octreotate radioligand for imaging neuroendocrine tumors.
Authors: Suraiya Rahim Dubash
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e15645 Background: Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are a group of heterogeneous neoplasms. Despite advances, detection and quantification of NET activity by imaging remains a challenge, with no universally accepted imaging standard. We present the first in-man study of 18F-fluoroethyl triazole [Tyr3] octreotate (18F-FET-βAG TOCA) in NET patients to evaluate biodistribution, dosimetry, and safety. Methods: 18F-FET-βAG TOCA was synthesized via the click reaction (Iddon L et al, 2011). Nine patients (6 female , 3 male) were enrolled into study. Eight patients with sporadic NET and 1 MEN1 syndrome. Mean age 56 yr (range 35-73 yr) and weight 75.2kg (66.3-91.2 kg). Safety data was collected during and 24 hours post tracer administration. Patients underwent whole body PET-CT multi-bed scanning over 4 hours and venous blood samples were taken at specific intervals to measure 18F radioactivity concentration in blood and plasma. Regions of interest were drawn, to derive individual and mean organ residence times; effective dose (ED) was calculated with OLINDA 1.1. Results: All patients tolerated 18F-FET-βAG TOCA with no adverse events. Over 60% parent tracer was present in plasma at 60 minutes. High tracer uptake was observed in tumours (primary and metastases). Physiological uptake was seen in pituitary, salivary, thyroid and spleen, with low background uptake in liver, an organ where metastases commonly occur. The organs receiving highest absorbed dose were gallbladder, spleen, stomach, liver, kidneys and bladder. The calculated ED over all subjects was 0.029mSv/MBq (SD ± 0.004). Conclusions: We present the first in-man study of 18F-FET-βAG-TOCA. The favourable safety, imaging and dosimetric profile makes it a valuable candidate in staging and management of NETs. Clinical studies in an expanded cohort are ongoing to clinically qualify this agent. Clinical trial information: 2013-003152-20.
The Propaganda for Reform
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

The epidemiology of child victimization remains fragmented, with published studies on only limited portions of the age and exposure spectrum and only occasionally with a national scope.Finkelhor and colleagues reported on the findings of the National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence, which consisted of a national sample of 4503 children and youth.Two-fifths of children and youth experienced a physical assault in the last year, and 1 in 10 experienced an assault-related injury. Pediatric Marijuana Exposures 630An increasing number of states are decriminalizing the use of medical marijuana, and the effect on the pediatric population has not been evaluated.Wang and colleagues compared marijuana ingestions by young children seeking care at a children's hospital in Colorado before and after modification of drug enforcement laws regarding medical marijuana possession.The proportion of visits related to marijuana exposure increased from none to 2.4% of all visits.Editorials by Levy and by Hurley and Mazor discussed the toxic effects of marijuana and issues related to legalization of all marijuana.
Minor Errors to Power Calculation Information
Authors: Andrew Wang, Jeffrey Gaca, Vivian Chu
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Ruth Webster, PhD; Abdul Salam, PhD; H. Asita de Silva, DPhil; Vanessa Selak, PhD; Sandrine Stepien, MStat; Senaka Rajapakse, MD; Stanley Amarasekara, MD; Naomali Amarasena, MD; Laurent Billot, MRes; Arjuna P. de Silva, MD; Mervyn Fernando, MD; Rama Guggilla, MMed; Stephen Jan, PhD; Jayanthimala Jayawardena, MD; Pallab K. Maulik, PhD; Sepalika Mendis, MD; Suresh Mendis, MD; Janake Munasinghe, MD; Nitish Naik, MD; Dorairaj Prabhakaran, MD; Gotabaya Ranasinghe, MD; Simon Thom, MD; Nirmali Tisserra, MD; Vajira Senaratne, MD; Sanjeewa Wijekoon, MD; Santharaj Wijeyasingam, MD; Anthony Rodgers, PhD; Anushka Patel, PhD; for the TRIUMPH Study Group
Allopurinol
Authors: R. F. Randall
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article, "Allopurinol and Cytotoxic Drugs" (227-1036, 1974), has raised the suggestion that the combined use of allopurinol and cytotoxic chemotherapy may not be justified. This conclusion is based on a claim of an increased incidence of "bone marrow depression" in patients with neoplastic diseases who received allopurinol combined with cytotoxic drugs. One wonders whether adequate criteria have been used in this study to define "bone marrow depression." Cytotoxic agents, on their own, cause leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and therefore, limits for acceptable and unacceptable depressions of leukocyte and thrombocyte counts should have been established. In any event, on the basis of the data presented, it is hard to see how the authors could have generalized to such an extent in their final conclusion. In the text, they themselves state that the frequency of leukocyte and thrombocyte depression in those patients receiving other cytotoxic drugs (other than cyclophosphamide)
Benign thyroid inclusions in cervical lymph nodes
Authors: A. D. Nicastri
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Histologically benign thyroid follicles have been found in lateral cervical lymph nodes of 16 patients at Memorial Hospital, New York. All were incidental findings in radical neck dissections for malignant tumors of other than thyroid origin. The thyroid follicles were<i>nonpapillary</i>in character. These have not been interpreted as metastases from thyroid carcinoma. It is believed that the benign lymphatic transport theory, as proposed in endometriosis, explains their occurrence. Present evidence justifies a conservative approach. There is no intention to revive the concept of "lateral aberrant thyroid."
IMPURE AMERICAN BROMIDES.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal