tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of age on referral to an oncologist and receipt of chemotherapy among small cell lung cancer patients in Ontario, Canada.
Authors: David Dawe, Gregory Russell Pond, Peter Michael Ellis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e17636 Background: Trials support an increasing role for chemotherapy in elderly non-small cell lung cancer patients (pts), but there is less information in SCLC. Age-related changes in organ function and co-morbid health problems may impact on toxicity and expected survival gains for the elderly. This study investigated the impact of age, on trends in the treatment of SCLC pts over a decade. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all Ontario pts diagnosed with SCLC between Jan 1, 2000-Dec 31, 2010. De-identified demographic, staging, treatment and outcome information were extracted by the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences. The primary outcomes were the proportion of older (≥70) v younger pts referred to an oncologist and receipt of chemotherapy (CT). Results: Of 9,021 pts, 3,862 (42.8%) were ≥70 years (yrs) old. The number and proportion of cases diagnosed in the elderly was stable over time. Stage distribution was similar between pts <70 and ≥70 yrs, though staging information was not routinely recorded prior to 2007. More pts ≥70 yrs had Charlson co-morbidity scores ≥1 (16.1% v 24.6%) and homecare use prior to diagnosis (4.5% v 10.3%). Fewer pts ≥70 yrs were referred to a medical oncologist (91.6% v 84.0%), or received CT (81.2% v 61.6%) or radiotherapy (RT) (57.4% v 40.1%). When analyzed by 5-year age band, treatment with CT decreased markedly starting at 75-79 yrs. Median overall survival (OS) regardless of treatment is higher in pts < 70 yrs (9.5 v 5.7 months). In pts who received CT, OS was also greater in pts <70 yrs (11.0 v 9.3 months), as were 1-year (45.8% v 37.7%) and 5-year (8.3% v 4.3%) survival. Multivariable analysis showed age was an independent predictor of referral and receipt of CT. (p-values <0.001 for all comparisons) Conclusions: There is evidence of disparity of treatment for elderly SCLC pts. Fewer pts ≥70 years receive either CT or RT. Treatment with CT among pts referred to an oncologist drops dramatically after 75 yrs of age. While outcomes are generally better for younger pts, CT appears to improve OS in elderly pts.
Response
Authors: KYLE STEENLAND, ELIZABETH WARD
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Response Get access KYLE STEENLAND, KYLE STEENLAND Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ELIZABETH WARD ELIZABETH WARD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 20, 20 October 1993, Pages 1698–1699, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.20.1698 Published: 20 October 1993
Endocarditis from Serratia marcescens
Authors: R. Quintiliani
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Despite the increasing frequency of nosocomial infections due to nonpigmented strains of<i>Serratia marcescens</i>, infective endocarditis from this organism is rare. This communication adds three such cases to the previously reported four. Five of the seven patients succumbed to infection. Some predisposing factor could be identified in all seven. Therapy was extremely difficult because of resistance to antibiotics and persistence of infection despite the use of appropriate chemotherapeutic agents, including nalidixic acid intravenously, used unsuccessfully in two patients. The difficulty in eradicating this infection once it has become established on a prosthetic valve is evident. The possibility that intravenous foreign bodies are a source of infection must be considered.
Correction for vol. 13, p. 1509
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

June 2002 The article by Qing Wang et al. in the June 2002 ( J Am Soc Nephrol 13: 1509–1516, 2002) contained two errors. The numbers on the Y axis of Figure 4 were not printed. The correct figure is shown below.[⇓][1] ![Figure][2]</img> Figure 4. Acute changes in BP induced by intravenous
A STUDY OF STERILITY, ITS CAUSES AND TREATMENT.Being an Essay which received the First Prize of the Alumni Association of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore.
Authors: THOS. W. KAY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

(<i>Concluded from page 229</i>.) TREATMENT. 1.<i>Nonproduction.—Male.—(a.)</i>Should the testes of the male be congenitally absent from the scrotum there is a possibility of their being present in the abdominal cavity, but in either case if aspermia or azoospermia exists, treatment is useless. Should spermatozoa exist in small quantities the same remedies can be used that are employed in early decay. These can also be used in cases of retarded development. (<i>b</i>.) Where inflammatory or other troubles have produced destruction of the glandular structure, restoration of the destroyed tissue is impossible; but under iodides and mercurials with counterirritants and electricity, the inflammatory deposits may be absorbed and the arrested secretion from the remaining healthy portions reestablished. (<i>c</i>.) When sterility in the male is accompanied by atrophy or softening coincident with varicocele, hernia, or other benign tumors, the prognosis is good, if the individual will submit to surgical treatment in time.
Abstract 1102: Time and spatial distribution of monocytic lineages in the process of carcinogen-induced oral cancer
Authors: Chi Jui Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth among the top ten cancers in the world. Among this group of disease, oral cancer has been one of the top five killers in males for many years in Taiwan. Despite combined treatment, the prognosis for HNC patients is, in general, poor, which has strongly stimulated research on finding new strategies specific for HNC. To find a new treatment protocol for HNC, we examined the tumor microenvironment of a carcinogen (4-Nitroquinolone-1-oxide,4-NQO)-induced oral cancer. The immunohistochemical staining (IHC) results showed that this tumor has relative low density of vessels and high percentage of hypoxia around tumor edge. In addition, we found a layer of α-SMA positive cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) in the junction of tumor and normal tissues. Further, we also found that a cluster of high density of CD68+ macrophages and Gr-1+ cells in this junction. To our surprise, very few tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) could be identified in other tumor regions except this junction. In addition, the analysis of blood sample during tumor development found that the population of monocytic and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs and G-MDSCs) in the whole blood increases with the growth of the tumor, which has good correlation with the decrease of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. The unique spatial distribution of myeloid cells in tumor tissue and consistent dynamic change of MDSC and T cells in the blood provides us an ideal tumor model for designing new strategies specific for HNC. We are currently using this tumor model to study the potential of combining immunotherapy with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) for HNC. Citation Format: Chi Jui Chen. Time and spatial distribution of monocytic lineages in the process of carcinogen-induced oral cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1102.
Multivariant surface quasispecies in a hepatitis B virus chronically infected individual with concomitant and continually positive surface antigen and anti-HBS biomarkers
Authors: Suzane Kioko Ono, Johanna Craig, Leda Bassit, Rodrigo Abreu, Dimitri Gonzalez, Flair Jose Carrilho, Raymond F Schinazi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
AIDING THE SECTIONS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lack of reliability of liver biopsies in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) clinical trials - potential implications for developing new therapies for NASH
Authors: Beth Davison, Stephen A. Harrison, Gad Cotter, Naim Alkhouri, Arun Sanyal, Chris Edwards, Jerry Colca, Julie Iwashita, Gary Koch, Howard Dittrich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Medications for Chronic Pain 872Clinical guidelines discourage opioid prescribing for chronic pain.Krebs and colleagues randomized 240 patients with moderate to severe chronic pain despite analgesic use and found that treatment with opioids was not superior to treatment with nonopioid medications for improving pain-related function. Prostate-Specifi c Antigen Screening and Mortality 883Prostate-specifi c antigen screening may decrease mortality at the risk of harm from overdetection and overtreatment.Martin and colleagues for the CAP Trial Group randomized 573 general practices to off er male patients aged 50 to 69 years a single prostate-specifi c antigen test or maintain the standard practice of no screening and found no diff erence in prostate cancer mortality.In an Editorial, Barry suggests that active surveillance programs may inadvertently harm patients by increasing the frequency of biopsies and imaging tests to avoid missing curable cancers.
化脓性汗腺炎及其可能引发的心电图变化:横向人口研究
Authors: C.R. Juhl, I.M. Miller, G.B. Jemec, J.K. Kanters, C. Ellervik
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

化脓性汗腺炎 (HS) 是一种通常在青春期后发病的慢性皮肤病。此类皮肤病可致腋下、腹股沟、生殖区以及其他有皮肤褶皱的部位反复生疮,痛苦不堪。除了使人感到虚弱的各类皮肤问题之外,此类疾病还与各种会增加心血管疾病风险的因素(吸烟、肥胖、代谢综合征及全身炎症)有关,而且近来发现也可能会加剧心血管疾病的患病风险。此研究在丹麦开展,旨在探讨这种与 HS 影响心脏电活动有关的潜在心血管负荷。为此,研究者比较了 HS 患者与对照组之间的若干心电图参数。研究者通过问卷确定了 HS 患者,并根据严重程度将其分为轻度、中度和重度三组。在该群体中,总共确定了 404 个 HS 患者以及 19,001 个对照者。研究的心脏电活动参数是心率,以及 PR 间期、QRS 波群时间、JTcF 间期及 QTcF 间期的测量值。这项研究中的分析考虑到了年龄、性别、吸烟状况以及身高体重指数。此项研究的主要发现是重度 HS 患者的心率比对照组更高。其他研究结果包括轻度 HS 患者的 QRS 波群时间(心室去极化)更短(该结果有待进一步研究),以及 PR 间期、JTcF 间期及 QTcF 间期的参数无差异。该研究结论是,重度 HS 可能会导致静息心率较高。鉴于静息心率与死亡率升高有关,且 HS 患者出现心血管问题的风险增加,该研究结果可能非常重要,而且很容易试验以便开展治疗。
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Animal data and clinical studies demonstrate neuroprotective eff ects of erythropoietin (EPO).In a randomized placebo-controlled trial that enrolled 448 very preterm infants, Natalucci and colleagues assessed the eff ect of prophylactic early high-dose recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) on neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 2 years.Neurodevelopmental outcome data were available for 365 infants.The authors found no signifi cant differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes among infants who received rhEPO compared with those who received placebo.Continuing Medical Education jamanetworkcme.com Physician and Surrogate Discordance About Patient Prognosis 2086Among incapacitated critically ill patients, surrogate decision makers' unrealistic expectations about prognosis can be a barrier to quality end-of-life care.In a prospective cohort study involving 229 surrogate decision makers and 99 physicians of 174 critically ill patients at high risk of death, White and colleagues found that physician-surrogate discordance about the patients' likelihood of survival to hospital discharge was common.Discordance was associated with surrogates misunderstanding physicians' prognostic expectations and surrogates' systematically diff erent beliefs about the patient's prognosis.In an Editorial, Azoulay and colleagues discuss challenges encountered when communicating with surrogates about patient prognosis.
Long-distance running, bone density, and osteoarthritis
Authors: N. E. Lane
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Forty-one long-distance runners aged 50 to 72 years were compared with 41 matched community controls to examine associations of repetitive, long-term physical impact (running) with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Roentgenograms of hands, lateral lumbar spine, and knees were assessed without knowledge of running status. A computed tomographic scan of the first lumbar vertebra was performed to quantitate bone mineral content. Runners, both male and female, have approximately 40% more bone mineral than matched controls. Female runners, but not male runners, appear to have somewhat more sclerosis and spur formation in spine and weight-bearing knee x-ray films, but not in hand x-ray films. There were no differences between groups in joint space narrowing, crepitation, joint stability, or symptomatic osteoarthritis. Running is associated with increased bone mineral but not, in this cross-sectional study, with clinical osteoarthritis. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1147-1151)
Exploration and confirmation of factors associated with uncomplicated pregnancy in nulliparous women: prospective cohort study:
Authors: Lucy C Chappell, Paul T Seed, Jenny Myers, Rennae S Taylor, Louise C Kenny, Gustaaf A Dekker, James J Walker, Lesley M E McCowan, Robyn A North, Lucilla Poston
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

STUDY QUESTION Which variables at 15 and 20 weeks' gestation, particularly those amenable to modification before pregnancy, are associated with a subsequent uncomplicated pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER Normalising body mass index, increasing fruit intake before pregnancy, reducing blood pressure, stopping misuse of drugs, and being in paid employment are all associated with subsequent uncomplicated pregnancy outcomes.
Neurophysiological Evidence for Altered Higher Brain Functions in NIDDM
Authors: Akira Kurita, Ko Katayama, Soichiro Mochio
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To investigate neurophysiological alterations of higher brain function in patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Auditory P300 event-related potentials were recorded in 60 NIDDM patients who had no evidence of stroke, dementia, or any other neurological illnesses. The P300 wave latencies in diabetic patients were compared with those in neurologically healthy control subjects, with consideration of clinical parameters and diabetic complications. RESULTS Diabetic patients had significantly longer P300 latencies than control subjects. Seven diabetic patients had pathologically prolonged P300 values. There was a trend toward longer P300 latencies in diabetic patients with retinopathy and in those with HbA1 of ≥10%; the differences between these diabetic subgroups and control subjects were both statistically significant. However, three of seven diabetic patients with abnormal P300 latencies had no retinal lesions, and no significant correlation was observed among diabetic patients between P300 latencies and HbA1 levels. Peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, blood glucose levels, and disease duration appeared not to correlate with P300 alterations. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the presence of central nervous pathological processes in NIDDM that affect higher brain functions, as assessed by P300 latencies. Our findings also suggest that microangiopathy and metabolic derangement during the preceding 4- to 8-week period may contribute in small part to the pathophysiology of this central nervous involvement.
Broadening access to undergraduate medical education
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In their statement of principles, the Council of Heads of Medical Schools indicate that the purpose of a medical education is to graduate individuals well fitted to meet the present and future needs of society for medical care. 1 They go on to state that this can be achieved, at least in part, if the social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds of graduates reflect broadly the diversity of the patient population.It seems that this principle is not currently met by medical schools in the United Kingdom.In a study commissioned by the Council of Heads of Medical Schools in 1998, McManus found that certain groups (students from ethnic minorities, sixth form colleges or further education institutions, and lower socioeconomic groups) were disadvantaged when seeking admission to medical school. 2As a result, the council devised an action plan in which medical schools were required to draw up policies relating to equal opportunities as a matter of urgency. An untapped poolIn general, the groups of people that are underrepresented in the medical profession tend to be overrepresented in the patient population as a result of many factors, including poverty, poor diet and housing, poor educational standards, and occupational factors.Pupils from lower socioeconomic groups are disadvantaged in many ways when applying for entry to medical education.Their secondary schools are not usually those with a record of high academic achievement, and progression to further or higher education is not a tradition.Similarly, the pupils come from backgrounds where participation in higher education is rare.They often do not have the opportunity to undertake suitable work experience and thus have difficulty demonstrating through their application that they are suitable for a career in a caring profession.As a result, their application forms do not often contain the type of features usually looked for by admissions tutors and may therefore not be considered further.Schemes aimed at widening access should be designed to attract this previously untapped pool of potential doctors into medicine, thus providing the NHS with a clinical workforce which more accurately reflects the socioeconomic base of society.Such schemes need to raise awareness of higher education in general and to show pupils that a career in medicine, which might at first seem outside their wildest aspirations, is in fact possible.The schemes should attempt to provide some sort of compensation for pupils' relatively poor academic base and in particular should provide the type of generic, transferable skills to which such pupils may have had limited exposure.Communication skills are particularly important in this regard.Finally, the schemes should make appropriate work experience and exposure to the profession in general available to the pupils.
Conservative Treatment of Intestinal Occlusion by Inter= nal Electricity.
Authors: R. P. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Oak Park, Ill., Nov. 15, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A criticism of an article under the above caption, credited to the able pen of Dr. J. R. Pennington of Chicago, appears in theJournalof November 5. As the author of said article I respectfully request that you publish my answer in your columns. 1. The critic calls me to account for not giving Dr. Boudet credit for his original work and untiring effort. However, I did state in quotation from Dr. Larat that Boudet had treated fifty cases with 75 per cent. of cures, a better percentage of cures than is shown by any other practitioner, even including surgery. 2. As to electrolysis: He says to use the author's electrode, the oxychlorid of the metal used may have an indescribable effect on the tissues, and attempts to overcome this difficulty by using a disc of soluble "copper, carbon, zinc,
Rh-positive blood for the Rh-negative patient
Authors: G. L. Wicker
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the recent article by Eastwood, it would have been desirable to have measured serum electrolytes in each patient on the day before and shortly preceding the radiologic examination. In some of my patients there has been a significant fall in serum potassium or sodium levels due to the purgation prescribed in preparation for the barium enema. Hence, it is possible that hypokalemia may be a factor in some of the cases with arrhythmias associated with the procedure.
Physical Activity and the Risk for Heart Disease and Stroke in Women with Diabetes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients16 January 2001Physical Activity and the Risk for Heart Disease and Stroke in Women with DiabetesSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Type 2 diabetes mellitus (adult-onset diabetes) is a common disease that interferes with the body's ability to store nutrients, resulting in high blood levels of sugar. Over time, high blood sugar levels can lead to complications such as blindness, kidney failure, and heart disease. Exercise helps to control blood sugar, lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and prevent weight gain. Physically fit men with type 2 diabetes apparently live longer than those who are less fit. It is not known, however, whether physically active women with type 2 ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Physical Activity and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Women.” It is in the 16 January 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 96-105). The authors are FB Hu, MJ Stampfer, C Solomon, S Liu, GA Colditz, FE Speizer, WC Willett, and JE Manson.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPhysical Activity and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Women Frank B. Hu , Meir J. Stampfer , Caren Solomon , Simin Liu , Graham A. Colditz , Frank E. Speizer , Walter C. Willett , and JoAnn E. Manson Metrics 16 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 2Page: I-70KeywordsBlood sugarCardiovascular therapyExerciseHealth surveysLongitudinal studiesRisk managementStrokeType 2 diabetesWalkingWeight gain ePublished: 16 January 2001 Issue Published: 16 January 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...