tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anesthetics, Their Uses and Administration
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Periconceptional use of multivitamins and the occurrence of neural tube defects
Authors: J. Mulinare
Journal: JAMA (1988)

We studied the association between multivitamin use during the periconceptional period and the occurrence of neural tube defects using data from the Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study. There were 347 babies with neural tube defects who were live born or stillborn to residents of metropolitan Atlanta from 1968 through 1980. The 2829 control-babies born without birth defects were randomly selected through birth certificates. Periconceptional multivitamin use was defined as reported use for each of the three months before conception through the first three months of pregnancy. Mothers who reported not using multivitamins any time during the six-month period were defined as nonusers. Fourteen percent of mothers reported periconceptional multivitamin use and 40% reported nonuse. Multivitamin users were different from nonusers in a number of demographic, health-related, and life-style characteristics. We found an overall apparent protective effect of periconceptional multivitamin use on the occurrence of neural tube defects, with a crude estimated relative risk of 0.40 (95% confidence interval, 0.25 to 0.63). At this time, it is not possible to determine whether this apparently lower risk is the direct result of multivitamin use or the result of other characteristics of women who use multivitamins. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:3141-3145)
SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4317: Application of gene methylation analysis for distinguishing primary tumor cells from normal epithelial cells from lung cancer patients in conditionally reprogrammed cell cultures
Authors: Guodong Wu, Yangui Xiao, Fuyuan Fang, Da Yao, Ji Liu, Yanhua Cao, Yu Mao, Benjamin Yu, Youhui Qian, Derek Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract In vitro drug sensitivity assays utilizing “conditionally reprogrammed cells” (CRCs) from different primary tumor types to guide personalized therapy has been emerging. However, this approach has been hindered by the growth of normal epithelial cells in CRC cultures and the lack of effective biomarkers/assays to distinguish them from primary tumor cells. In this study, we developed a DNA methylation-based, real-time PCR assay to investigate the methylation status of SHOX2,PTGER4 and Septin9 gene promotor regions in human lung cancer formalin fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Our results showed increased DNA methylation for at least one of the three genes in 90% (28/31) of tumor samples as compared with the corresponding adjacent normal samples. Then we tested gene methylation in fresh surgical tumors versus normal adjacent tissues from lung cancer patients, and their respective in vitro CRC cultures. Increased methylation for at least one of the three genes was detected in 91.6% of tumor samples (11/12) as compared with the adjacent tissues, and these positive methylation statuses were maintained in 75% (9/12) of CRC cultures. Further results from in vitro assays showed a correlation between higher cell methylation status and increased growth property in 3D culture, as well as differential response to chemotherapy. Together, our results demonstrated that methylation of SHOX2, PTGER4 and Septin9 genes can be used as reliable biomarkers to monitor tumor cells in in vitro CRC cultures. Citation Format: Guodong Wu, Yangui Xiao, Fuyuan Fang, Da Yao, Ji Liu, Yanhua Cao, Yu Mao, Benjamin Yu, Youhui Qian, Derek Yu. Application of gene methylation analysis for distinguishing primary tumor cells from normal epithelial cells from lung cancer patients in conditionally reprogrammed cell cultures [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4317.
What Happens to Heart Valve Damage Caused by Diet Drugs after Treatment with the Drug Has Been Stopped?
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients20 February 2001What Happens to Heart Valve Damage Caused by Diet Drugs after Treatment with the Drug Has Been Stopped?Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-4-200102200-00003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?In 1997, two drugs used to decrease appetite, fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine, were found to cause abnormalities of the heart valves in up to one third of people who had taken them. As a result, these drugs were withdrawn from the U.S. market. No one knows with certainty, however, what happens to heart valve function once treatment with these drugs have been stopped.Why did the researchers do this particular study?To find out whether valve abnormalities got better, got worse, or stayed the same after treatment with fenfluramine ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationThe summary below is from the full report titled “The Progression of Fenfluramine-Associated Valvular Heart Disease Assessed by Echocardiography.” It is in the 20 February 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine(volume 134, pp 261-266). The authors are ST Mast, JG Jollis, T Ryan, KJ Anstrom, and JL Crary.Summaries for Patientsare a service provided by Annalsto help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Progression of Fenfluramine-Associated Valvular Heart Disease Assessed by Echocardiography Steven T. Mast , James G. Jollis , Thomas Ryan , Kevin J. Anstrom , and Jack L. Crary Metrics 20 February 2001Volume 134, Issue 4 Page: I-78 Keywords Aortic valve Blood Cardiovascular therapy Diet Drugs Echocardiography Heart Longitudinal studies ePublished: 20 February 2001 Issue Published: 20 February 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Error in Medicine
Authors: John P. W. Cunnington
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Leape<sup>1</sup>is provocative and offers a humane approach to a problem that creates suffering for patients and for physicians. However, Leape does us a disservice by not clearly distinguishing between true errors and other adverse outcomes. He defines error as "an unintended act (either of omission or commission) or one that does not achieve its intended outcome." This definition is too broad to be useful and obscures the difference between error and adverse outcome. For example, he implies that because 35% to 40% of autopsies reveal diagnoses not found in vivo, these are manifestations of error. The truth is that patients present with illnesses of varying degrees of complexity—some obvious, some covert. Diagnoses missed until autopsy may simply reflect the uncertainty inherent in medicine itself. Similarly, he suggests that iatrogenic illness is a consequence of error, yet it is one of the
Licensure of Health Occupations
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medical injury information. A preparation for analysis and implementation of prevention programs
Authors: D. H. Mills
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The purpose of this communication is to offer the medical community an analytic design for a system to gather data about patients' injuries found in malpractice litigation. The goal of this system is to determine the causes of these injuries. The information to be gained will be of substantial benefit for the development of injury-preventive programs within the health care field. (<i>JAMA</i>236:379-381, 1976)
The Authors Reply
Authors: Lin-Li Lv, Ye Feng, Bi-Cheng Liu
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2018)

We thank Gleadle et al. for their interest in our article and comments. We agree that the isolation method for urine exosomes is a very important issue. In our study, we chose differential centrifugation and ultracentrifugation, which have been the most frequently used approach to isolate urinary extracellular vesicles.1,2 Size distribution measurements, such as nanoparticle tracking analysis were recommended by the International Society for Extracellular Vesicle as the minimal requirements for characterization of extracellular vesicles.3 Thus, nanoparticle tracking analysis was applied in our study to measure urinary exosomes, and it revealed increased urinary particles in patients with IgA nephropathy. To confirm the finding and to exclude the influence of other nonextracellular vesicle particles, we also measured the exosome markers Alix, CD9, and CD63 by Western blotting analysis. Importantly, we confirmed the results by additional experiments with the EXOCET Exosome Quantitation Kit (System Biosciences, CA), which measured the esterase activity known to be within exosomes. The finding of Gleadle et al. that albumin can form exosome-like particles is important and interesting,4 and confirms the importance of combining techniques for characterizing urinary extracellular vesicles, rather than a single approach like nanoparticle tracking analysis. The choice of a specific isolation technique for exosomes should probably also depend on the aim of the study. The focus of our study was to explore the functional cargo of exosome CCL2 mRNA in mediating the crosstalk between tubular cells and macrophages, and abundant protein did not seem to influence RNA profiling of this cargo of extracellular vesicles.5 Nevertheless, we agree that when evaluating exosomes in proteinuric urine, the potential influence of protein on the exosome purification should be considered.
The role of liver Na+/purine nucleoside cotransporter in purine salvage for extrahepatic tissues Physiology, Tufts, Boston
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Prulifloxacin (PUFX) is a prodrug-type new quinolone antibiotic and immediately converted to an active metabolite, ulifloxacin (UFX). It has been previously reported that UFX is highly excreted into the bile, although the hepatic uptake process of UFX has not been investigated yet. In this study, we attempted to characterize the mechanism of hepatic uptake of UFX in rats. The hepatic uptake in vivo was evaluated by integration plot analysis. Furthermore, the uptake of [14C]-UFX by isolated rat hepatocytes was measured, and the effects of several transporter inhibitors and other quinolone antibiotics on the uptake were examined. The hepatic uptake clearance of UFX (1 mg/kg) was calculated to be 37.7 mL/min/kg, which was larger than those at doses of 5 and 25 mg/kg and was decreased by co-administration of cyclosporine A (CysA; 30 mg/kg). The uptake of [14C]-UFX by isolated rat hepatocytes linearly increased up to 1 min and also inhibited by CysA. Other quinolone antibiotics inhibited the [14C]-UFX uptake in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas taurocholate and estrone-3-sulfate partially inhibited the [14C]-UFX uptake. These results demonstrate that a carrier-mediated transport system which is common to the quinolone antibiotics is involved in the uptake of UFX in the rat liver.
Abstract 15858: Does Switching to Proliferation Signal Inhibitors Decrease the Risk of Developing Subsequent Malignancies in Heart Transplant Patients?
Authors: Jignesh Patel, Michelle Kittleson, Saira Siddiqui, Frank Liou, Jamie Yabuno, Madeleine Merchant, David H Chang, Michele Hamilton, Lawrence Czer, Jon A Kobashigawa
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Malignancy is vast approaching as the leading cause of death late after heart transplantation. It is known that the current immunosuppression regimen consisting of tacrolimus/cyclosporine and mycophenolate is associated with increased risk of cancers. The use of proliferation signal inhibitors (PSI) has been associated with less cancer development particularly in specific tumors. We sought to determine if there is an association of the use of PSI in decreasing overall cancer risk. Methods: Between 2004 and 2008 we assessed 16 heart transplant patients who were placed on PSI and compared cancer development based on conditional survival in the ensuing 5 years to those not on PSI (n=16). Patients were matched according to age, sex, time from transplant, and era. Results: Patients were switched to PSI on an average of 0.9 ± 0.9 years after transplant. Those patients that were placed on PSI had a higher subsequent 5-year actuarial freedom from cancer development compared to those patients not on PSI (100.0% vs 77.7%, p=0.049). These specific cancers included: skin cancer (2), squamous cell cancer (2), auricular carcinoma (1), prostate cancer (1), and cranial meningioma (1). There was no difference in 5-year actuarial freedom from cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) development between the CNI + MMF/AZA and CNI + PSI groups (81.3% vs 72.2%,p=0.683). Conclusions: The use of PSI after heart transplantation appears to confer a protective effect against the development of malignancy. Larger number of patients are needed to confirm these observations.
Race and access to erythropoietin by patients on hemodialysis
Authors: J. H. Sadler
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Ratner and Smith-Ratner refer to the use of high-fat diets before the discovery of insulin and a few decades afterward. Although Newburgh and MacKinnon noted no increase in plasma cholesterol levels with these extremely fat-rich (60% to 80% of energy) diets particularly rich in saturated fats, this primarily was because of reducing energy intake. Since the 1960s it has become well known that saturated fats,<i>trans</i>fats, and cholesterol raise plasma cholesterol levels. Therefore, foods such as cream, butter, eggs, and bacon, which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol, should be restricted. We used a diet with 45% of energy from fat, not 60% as suggested by Drs Ratner and Smith-Ratner. Diets extremely rich in fats (≥60% of energy) can be ketogenic and thus should be avoided. In our opinion, a diet with 35% to 45% of energy from fat (mostly monounsaturated fats) is more appropriate.
SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOSES
Authors: JOHN M. CALDWELL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

1. 100 schizophrenic reactions in soldiers were studied immediately after the onset of psychotic symptoms. 2. Paranoid reactions occurred more frequently than all other reactions combined, followed in order by hebephrenic, unclassified or mixed, catatonic and simple types. 3. The average age on hospitalization was highest in the paranoid group, followed by hebephrenic, catatonic, simple and unclassified reactions. 4. The average length of service in the army was greatest in the paranoid reactions and least in the catatonic. 5. In 92 per cent, an obvious mental disorder in the individual resulted in psychiatric study. In 4 per cent the patients themselves requested psychiatric aid; and in 4 per cent a psychosis was undetected before admission to the hospital for other causes. 6. In 25 per cent of all cases, the outspoken psychotic symptoms were preceded by neurotic symptoms of one month to 5 years duration. A psycholeptic attack initiated symptoms in two individuals. 7. Neurotic symptoms merged into psychotic symptoms, co-existed with psychotic symptoms, or remained as residuae after the regression of psychotic symptoms. 8. Strong family ties existed in 40 per cent of the group as a whole, and consisted of deep attachments or aversions to parents or siblings. 9. Prepsychotic schizoid personalities were most common, followed in order by syntonic, psychopathic and neurotic personalities. Oral and anal types of personality each occurred once. 10. Apparent precipitating factors, both latent and immediate, involved abnormal sexuality in 50 per cent, hostility to the environment in 13 per cent, alcohol in 9 per cent and homesickness in 4 per cent. 11. Rapid improvement occurred in 44 per cent of the paranoid reactions, in 28 per cent of the unclassified or mixed reactions, in 10 per cent of the hebephrenic, and no improvement occurred in any of the catatonic reactions during the short period of observation.
Comparison of a new prognostic system and four current staging systems in predicting the survival rate of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Zhan-Hong Chen, Xiao-kun Ma, Qu Lin, Xing Li, Jie Chen, Ze-xiao Lin, Dan-Yun Ruan, Xiang-yuan Wu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e15100 Background: Median overall survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies from 3 to 6 months. Life expectancy more than 3 months is one inclusion criteria for molecular targeted drugs in clinical tirals. Prediction of 3-month OS and OS survival rate of advanced HCC patients is very important.We have established a new prognostic system called SYSU system (variables and risk classification criteria are listed below, reported in MASCC 2013) and now we want to compare this new prognostic system and four current staging systems in predicting the survival rate of patients with advanced HCC. Methods: From September 2008 to June 2010, 253 patients with advanced HCC who were not amendable to locoregional therapy were analyzed. The median follow-up is 38.5 months and the median survival is 7 months. Data were collected to classify patients according to our new system (SYSU system), CLIP (Cancer of the Liver Italian Program), TNM staging system, Japanese Integrated Staging (JIS) system and TOKYO score system at diagnosis. OS and 3-month OS were the end points used in the analysis. Results: When predicting 3-month survival, ROC analysis show AUC of SYSU system, CLIP, JIS, Tokyo and TNM is 0.822, 0.798, 0.753, 0.741 and 0.629. AUC of SYSU system and CLIP is similar (P=0.058). AUC of SYSU system is significantly higher than the other three staging system (p<0.01). When predicting overall survival, likelihood ratio test show χ2 of SYSU system, JIS, CLIP, Tokyo and TNM is 103.6, 61.2, 51.6, 51.2 and 28.6 and AIC of SYSU system, JIS, Tokyo, CLIP, and TNM is 1939, 1974, 1987, 1988, and 2008. Our SYSU system has best performance in terms of discriminatory ability, homogeneity and monotonicity. Conclusions: Our SYSU system is the best score system in prediction of OS and 3-month OS among the 5 systems analyzed for Chinese advanced HCC patients. A new prognostic system (SYSU system): high-risk (6-8), intermediate-risk (3-5), low-risk groups (0-2). 0 1 2 Child-Pugh A B C Tumor size ≤50% of the liver >50% of the liver Bun ≤8.9 >8.9 AFP ≤400 >400 Portal vein thrombosis No Yes
Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication—African Region, 1999-March 2000
Journal: JAMA (2000)

In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by 2000 (1). The African Region (AFR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) began implementing polio eradication strategies in 1996, including National Immunization Days (NIDs*) and acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance (2,3). This report summarizes progress toward polio eradication in AFR during 1999-March 2000, and suggests that although substantial progress has been reported toward interrupting poliovirus transmission in eastern and southern Africa, poliovirus remains endemic in other African countries in west and central Africa, especially among those experiencing internal strife or civil war.
Safety of lanreotide 120 mg ATG in combination with metformin in patients with advanced well-differentiated gastro-intestinal (GI) or lung carcinoids. A pilot, one-arm, open-label, prospective study: The MetNET-2 trial
Authors: F.G.M. De Braud, R. Buzzoni, L. Concas, D. Femia, N. Prinzi, M. Milione, E. Tamborini, F. Perrone, G.L.o. Russo, C. Vernieri, I. Pulice, F. Piras, G. Dinoi, S. Pusceddu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)