tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities: A Workshop Report
Authors: J Samet, Jodi Sugerman-Brozan, Nicholas Targ, Deborah Wallace, Rod Wallace, Ronald White, Tracey Woodruff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Over the past three decades, an array of legislation with attendant regulations has been implemented to enhance the quality of the environment and thereby improve the public's health.Despite the many beneficial changes that have followed, there remains a disproportionately higher prevalence of harmful environmental exposures, particularly air pollution, for certain populations.These populations most often reside in urban settings, have low socioeconomic status, and include a large proportion of ethnic minorities.The disparities between racial/ethnic minority and/or lowincome populations in cities and the general population in terms of environmental exposures and related health risks have prompted the "environmental justice" or "environmental equity" movement, which strives to create cleaner environments for the most polluted communities.Achieving cleaner environments will require interventions based on scientific data specific to the populations at risk; however, research in this area has been relatively limited.To assess the current scientific information on urban air pollution and its health impacts and to help set the agenda for immediate intervention and future research, the American Lung Association organized an invited workshop on Urban Air Pollution and Health Inequities held 22-24 October 1999 in Washington, DC.This report builds on literature reviews and summarizes the discussions of working groups charged with addressing key areas relevant to air pollution and health effects in urban environments.An overview was provided of the state of the science for health impacts of air pollution and technologies available for air quality monitoring and exposure assessment.The working groups then prioritized research needs to address the knowledge gaps and developed recommendations for community interventions and public policy to begin to remedy the exposure and health inequities.
The range of intensive care services today
Authors: W. A. Knaus
Journal: JAMA (1981)

During the past 20 years, there has been a large increase in the number of hospitals with intensive care units (ICUs). To discover what services are provided to the growing number of ICU patients, we studied 624 consecutive admissions to a general surgical-medical ICU within a university hospital. We recorded the proportion of admissions and services involving intensive treatment as opposed to concentrated nursing care or monitoring. We found that for nearly half (49%) of the admissions and during two thirds (65%) of the nursing shifts, the emphasis was on close nursing care and observation, not intensive treatment. Of 252 patients admitted for monitoring, 216 (86%) never required active treatment before discharge. The average length of stay of these 216 patients was 2.1 days. If this distribution of services and admissions within one university hospital is also found at other institutions, it suggests that a substantial portion of ICU services may now be directed at monitoring stable, noncritically ill patients. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2711-2716)
History, Biology
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What do Hillary Rodham Clinton and Newt Gingrich have in common?
Authors: D. F. Drake
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In a somewhat tongue-in-cheek style, this article tries to persuade conservatives that it might be in their best interests to consider broader health system reform alternatives in their quest to reduce the cost of federal health entitlements for a balanced budget by 2002. The conventional means for reducing the federal budget by $450 billion in 7 years will inflict much pain on many voters. The substitution of a new, more targeted entitlement, prospectively, for all Americans represents an alternative that provides much gain to many and only some pain to a few. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1316-1318)
Abstract 1143: Imaging of Vasa Vasorum in Atherosclerotic Plaque with <sup>99m</sup> Tc-labeled single chain-VEGF
Authors: Satoru Ohshima, Shinichiro Fujimoto, Sotirios Tsimikas, Frank D Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Zoya Levashova, Joseph M Backer, Francis G Blankenberg, Artiom Petrov, Jagat Narula
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Adventitial vasa vasorum proliferation and neointimal neovascularization are associated with intraplaque hemorrhage, expansion of necrotic core and hence plaque vulnerability. Increased expression of VEGF and its receptors accompany neoangiogenic process. We used 99m Tc -labeled single chain VEGF (TcV) for developing potentially noninvasive imaging modality in experimentally induced aortic atherosclerotic lesion. Methods : Noninva-sive radionuclide imaging was performed with TcV (6.85 ±0. 27 mCi) in 6 NZW rabbits receiving high cholesterol diet (0.2% cholesterol, 4% fat) for one year and compared with 3 control rabbits receiving normal rabbit chow. Four hours after intravenous administration of TcV, micro SPECT/microCT imaging was performed for in vivo localization of tracer activity. Aortas were then explanted, and gamma counted for determination of % injected dose per gram (%ID/g). The aortas were then submitted for histopathologic characterization. Results : The uptake in thoracic aorta was clearly visualized non-invasively by TcV in vivo imaging in 4 of 5 rabbits in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, but not in the control animals. The %ID/g of each parts of aorta in hypercholesterolemic rabbits (Arch : 0.036 ± 0.020 %, Thoracic : 0.026 ± 0.012 %, Abd : 0.019 ± 0.009 %) was about 2.5-fold higher than that in control group (Arch : 0.014 ± 0.004 %, Thoracic : 0.009 ± 0.003 %, Abd : 0.009 ± 0.003 %) (figure a ). Ex vivo images of each group are shown as figure b . Conclusions : This preliminary study suggests a potentially novel strategy for non-invasive imaging of neoangiogenesis in atherosclerotic plaque and may allow identification of unstable plaques.
What's the Difference?
Authors: W. A. Pusey
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Chicago, Ill.,, April 26, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The following advertisement, which has appeared in various papers, was taken from<i>Life</i>for April 5, 1906, where it appeared along with advertisements of corsets, Scotch whisky and other such things: WILL YOU TRY THE BATTLE CREEK LIFE FOR 30 DAYS? WILL YOU EAT THE FOODS AND LIVE THE LIFE OUR EXPERTS?DNEMMOCER Do You Really Want to Be Perfectlytly ellt Tell us, then, if you are ailing, or if in good health that you wish to remain so. Let us send you our book. It is very interesting. The life it recommends you can live in your own<i>home</i>. You ought to read about it. Nowhere else are so many specialists studying this one thing alone: how to get well andnd how to<i>stay</i>well. No organization anywhere has been so successful. None other is so near the
More than meets the eye
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A little more than one year ago, Beem and Saxon<sup>1</sup>indicated that a pneumonitis in infancy can be caused by an agent that until now has been considered to affect only the eyes. They proved that<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>, after residing for a longer period in the nasal mucosa and causing nasal obstruction and discharge, may settle in the lower respiratory tract. Beem and Saxon<sup>1</sup>found nasopharyngeal<i>C trachomatis</i>in 18 of 20 patients with pneumonia syndrome. In addition, they found<i>C trachomatis</i>in two of 15 patients with various other illnesses and in ten of 12 with inclusion conjunctivitis, but without lower respiratory tract illness.<i>Chlamydia</i>antibody titers were substantially elevated in pediatric patients with pneumonia syndrome. Harrison et al<sup>2</sup>have again described the prevalence of<i>C trachomatis</i>infection in hospitalized patients younger than 6 months with lower respiratory tract infection. They found seven cases of pneumonitis
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Authors: George J. Heymach
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with great interest the recent review by Dr Sperry<sup>1</sup>on amniotic fluid embolism. His commentary on the LANDMARK ARTICLE by Steiner and Lushbaugh<sup>2</sup>as well as his subsequent discussions of the diagnosis and pathogenesis of this disorder are thorough and commendable. With respect to treatment of amniotic fluid embolization (AFE), however, we would like to add a few additional comments. It appears clear that the three gross effects of AFE (namely, the pulmonary vascular obstruction with subsequent decrease in cardiac output and systemic blood pressure, the pulmonary hypertension with acute cor pulmonale, and the gross ventilation/ perfusion inequalities with resulting severe hypoxia) are reminiscent of the clinical status observed in a number of patients following trauma or during the course of septic shock.<sup>3,4</sup> In these clinical settings an impairment in reticuloendothelial clearance of circulating microaggregates and perhaps immune complexes appears to lead
Hypothyroidism in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Hypothyroidism in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis SIR,-The paper by Dr B Dasgupta and colleagues showing no association between polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteritis and hypothyroidism in 77 patients' agreed with our experience.After reading of such an association,2 we measured the thyroid function of patients being followed up for these conditions in our rheumatology clinic.
Local-regional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative early stage breast cancer
Authors: B. G. Haffty, Q. Yang, M. Reiss, T. Kearney, W. Hait, D. Toppmeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

594 Background: Triple negative (TN) basal-like breast cancers (Negative for ER,PR,HER2/neu) represent an aggressive phenotype, with unique clinical and pathologic features. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of this classification with respect to local-regional relapse and distant metastasis in a cohort of conservatively managed breast cancer patients. Methods: A large data base of conservatively managed breast cancer patients with long term follow-up, in which all three immunhistochemical markers, ER,PR and HER2/neu were available was reviewed. Patients were classified as TN if they tested negative for all three markers. Of 442 patients in the data base with all three markers available, 100 were classified as TN. All clinical, pathologic, outcomes and molecular marker data were entered into a computerized database. Results: As of September 2005, with a median follow-up of 7 years, of the 442 patients in the study there have been 50 in-breast relapses, 10 nodal relapses, 68 distant relapses and 62 deaths. Compared with the other subtypes, the TN cohort had a poorer overall survival (67% vs 75%, p = .096), poorer distant metastasis-free rate (61% vs 75%, p = .002), poorer cause-specific survival (67% vs 78%, p = .03), and poorer nodal relapse-free rate (93% vs 99%, p = .021). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, TN subtype was an independent predictor of distant metastasis (HR=2.6, CI 1.53–4.35, p = .004) and cause- specific survival (HR= 2.36, CI 1.28–4.38, p= .006). There was no significant difference in local (in-breast) control between the TN and other subtypes. BRCA testing was performed on 85 patients in this cohort, of whom 8 had deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and 6 had deleterious mutations in BRCA2. Of 8 BRCA1 mutant patients 7 were classified as TN, while only 1 of 6 BRCA2 patients were TN (p &lt; .001). Conclusions: Patients classified as TN have a poor prognosis with respect to overall, disease free and cause specific survival. However there was no evidence that these patients are at higher risk for local relapse following conservative surgery and radiation. BRCA1 mutant patients develop predominantly TN tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Medical Motion Pictures
Journal: JAMA (1949)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreatic scanning.
Authors: I A Bouchier
Journal: Gut (1967)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Air-flow oscillations generated by exhaling through oscillatory positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices favor airway clearance. Variations in mechanical properties between different devices may influence therapeutic efficacy. The objective of this study was to assess mechanical properties in vitro and to compare the performance of 6 OPEP devices at different resistance levels under active expiratory flow patterns. <h3>METHODS:</h3> 4 gravity-dependent OPEP devices (ie, Flutter, Gelomuc, Pari O-PEP, Shaker Medic Plus) and 2 gravity-independent OPEP devices (ie, Acapella Choice and Aerobika) were each tested at low, medium, and high resistance settings. All devices were independently connected to a pulmonary waveform generator that reproduced active exhalation flows. Expiratory flow-volume curves were retrieved from 4 subjects with different stages of obstruction severity and were scaled according to either peak expiratory flow (4, 6, and 8 L/s) or volumes (2, 3 and 4 L), thus amounting to 24 active exhalations. Resulting waveforms were divided into 4 parts and the 2 middle parts were used to extract the following mechanical data: positive expiratory pressure (PEP), maximum expiratory pressure (P<sub>peak</sub>), oscillation frequency, and flow oscillation amplitude. The percentage of tests achieving oscillation frequencies ≥ 12 Hz and PEP ≥ 10 cm H<sub>2</sub>O was calculated for each device. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Mechanistic effects of the Acapella, Aerobika, and Shaker devices were not comparable. The Flutter, Gelomuc, and Pari devices behaved similarly and achieved more tests with optimum oscillation frequency and PEP values than the other devices. These 3 devices also produced the highest oscillation amplitudes at the low-resistance level, whereas the Aerobika elicited higher and consistent oscillation amplitudes at medium and high resistance settings. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Operational parameters differed between and within devices, yet the Flutter, Gelomuc, and Pari devices were similar in many aspects. Therapeutic efficacy may depend on the selected OPEP device and set resistance.
Abstract P116: Trait Anger Increases Short-term and Long-term Risk for Recurrent CHD: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Janice E Williams, Sharon B Wyatt, Kathryn M Rose, David J Couper, Anna Kucharska-Newton
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Though several large epidemiologic studies have demonstrated the positive association of anger with coronary heart disease (CHD) onset, a dearth of population-based evidence exists regarding the relationship of anger to the clinical course of CHD among people with established disease. Trait anger is conceptualized as a stable personality trait and defined as the tendency to experience frequent and intense anger. Therefore, it is plausible that the effects of trait anger on CHD are long standing. We assessed the hypothesis that trait anger predicts short-term and long-term risk for recurrent CHD among middle-aged men and women. Participants were 611 black or white men and women, ages 48 - 67, who had a history of CHD at the second clinical examination (1990-1992) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. They were followed for the recurrence of CHD (myocardial infarction or fatal CHD) from 1990 through three different time intervals: 1995, 2003, and 2009 (maximum follow-up = 19.0 years). Trait anger (measured at Visit 2) was assessed using the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, with scores categorized as high, moderate, and low. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race-center, educational level, waist-to-hip ratio, plasma LDL-and HDL-cholesterol levels, hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking status, and pack-years of cigarette smoking. After 3 - 5 years of follow-up, the risk for recurrent CHD among participants with high trait anger was more than twice that of their counterparts with low trait anger (2.24 [95% C.I: 1.14 to 4.40]). After 11 - 13 years, the risk was 80% greater (1.80 [95% C.I: 1.17 to 2.78]) and after 17 - 19 years, it was 70% greater (1.70 [95% C.I: 1.15 to 2.52]). The risk for recurrent CHD was strongest in the first time interval but remained strong and statistically significant through 19 years of follow-up. In conclusion, the experience of frequent and intense anger increases short-term and long-term risk for recurrent CHD in middle-aged men and women.
Update: Investigation of Bioterrorism-Related Anthrax and Interim Guidelines for Exposure Management and Antimicrobial Therapy, October 2001
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Since October 3, 2001, CDC and state and local public health authorities have been investigating cases of bioterrorism-related anthrax. This report updates previous findings, provides new information on case investigations in two additional areas, presents the susceptibility patterns of Bacillus anthracis isolates, and provides interim recommendations for managing potential threats and exposures and for treating anthrax.
Klin Monatsbl für Augenheilkunde, Stuttgart
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ALLERGY
Authors: B. N. Halpern, B. Benacerraf
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1954)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. ...Read More
CHOLERA.
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurology
Authors: Maurice Van Allen
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>The Computerized Tomography Revolution</h3> The foremost advance in neurology in the past decade has been the introduction and widespread application of computerized tomography (CT) of the head and brain.<sup>1,2</sup>Computerized tomography has to a large extent replaced pneumography and has to a lesser but significant extent replaced angiography. It has revolutionized the neurological diagnosis of intracranial lesions by its remarkable capacity to display slices of the brain with structures outlined on the basis of minor density changes. So widely has it now been used that a detailed recitation of its applications is scarcely necessary. The identification and localization of masses, often with additional evidence as to their nature, the demonstration and differentiation of infarcts and hemorrhages, and the disclosure of hydrocephalus and of atrophy constitute its principal applications. The procedure is not uncomfortable and is done with little hazard, except to the purse. Despite the furor over the expense
Role of Ara-C in Treatment of Leukemia
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1969)

Journal Article Role of Ara-C in Treatment of Leukemia Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 43, Issue 3, September 1969, Page 747, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/43.3.747-b Published: 01 September 1969