tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Block of impulse propagation at an abrupt tissue expansion: evaluation of the critical strand diameter in 2- and 3-dimensional computer models
Authors: V FAST
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objective: Unidirectional conduction block in the heart can occur at a site where the impulse is transmitted from a small to a large tissue volume.The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of conduction block in a 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional computer model of cardiac tissue consisting of a narrow strand abruptly emerging into a large area.In this structure, the strand diameter critical for the occurrence of block, h,, was evaluated as a function of changes in the active and passive electrical properties of both the strand and the large medium.M&hods: The effects of changes in the following parameters on h, were analysed: (I 1 maximum sodium conductance (gNa,,, 1, (21 longitudinal (R,) and transverse (R,) intracellular resistivities, and (3) inhomogeneities in gNa,,,, and R, and R," between the strand and the large area.Three ionic models for cardiac excitation described by Beeler-Reuter, Ebihara-Johnson, and Luo-Rudy ionic current kinetics were compared.Results: In the 2-dimensional simulations, h, was 175 pm in Ebihara-Johnson and Beeler-Reuter models and 200 pm in the Luo-Rudy model.At the critical strand diameter, the site of conduction block was located beyond the transition, i.e. a small circular area was activated in the large medium, whereas with narrower strands conduction block occurred within the strands.The decrease of gNa,,, resulted in a large increase of h,.This increase was mainly due to the change of d%7l,x in the large area, while h, was almost independent of giva,,, in the strand.Changing R, had no effect on h,, whereas the increase of R, decreased h, and reversed conduction block.Inhomogeneous changes of R, and R, in the strand versus the large medium had opposite effects on h,.When the resistivities of the strand alone were increased, h, also increased.In contrast, the increase of the resistivities in the large area reduced h,.In the 3-dimensional model, h, was 2.7 times larger than the corresponding Sdimensional values at the various levels of gNa,,, and resistivity.Conclusions: (1) At physiological values for active and passive electrical properties, h, in the 2D simulations is close to 200 pm in all three ionic models.In the 3-dimensional simulations, I?, is 2.7 larger than in the 2-dimensional models.(2) The excitable properties of the large area but not of the strand modify h,..The decrease of intercellular coupling in the large medium facilitates impulse conduction and reduces h,., while the same change in the strand increases h,.. (3) Occurrence of conduction block at an abrupt geometrical transition can be explained by both the impedance mismatch at the transition site and the critical curvature beyond the transition.
Evidence for aspirin as secondary prophylaxis for vascular disease is strong
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Early discharge after surgery for breast cancer may be beneficial Shorter hospital stays are a new trend in surgery.Bonnema et al (p 1267) studied the effects of early discharge from hospital after surgery for breast cancer in a randomised trial of 125 women.Satisfaction with the shorter stay was high, and the duration of drainage from the axilla and the incidence of wound complications did not differ in those who were discharged early and those who remained until their drain was removed.The experience of psychosocial problems was similar in the two groups, as were the coping strategies used.Women who had shorter hospital stays were more likely to discuss their illness with their family.
Antarctic Medicine
Authors: D J Lugg
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MILKY ASCITES.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
APPENDICULAR FISTULA.
Authors: JOHN B. DEAVER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The subject of my remarks to-day, appendicular fistula, is such a common sequel to operations for acute appendicitis and is of such great importance to the future welfare of the patient, that I can not too strongly invite your attention to this subject. It is one of the most important sequels to appendicitis operations, for several reasons: on account of its effect on the constitution, the organs it may involve, and the danger in which it may place the patient in regard to future health. That many fistulæ may be avoided, if earlier operative measures were instituted, can not be questioned. This apparently is a very strong presentation to make, but I shall endeavor to show later in the discussion my reasons for making such a statement. I shall discuss this subject by taking up the varieties, the causes and dangers, the means of prevention, and the treatment. There are
Abstract 3290: Risk factors for post-radiotherapy pain in a multi-racial ethnic population of breast cancer patients: a prospective study
Authors: Eunkyung Lee, Shannon Snyder, Edward Ip, Jean L. Wright, Jennifer J. Hu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Cancer and/or treatment-related pain is a critical quality of life issue for cancer survivors. In a prospective longitudinal study of 1,000 breast cancer patients (enrolled during 2011-2013), we examined risk factors for pain among women undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT). A pain score was assessed as a mean of four pain severity items (i.e., pain at its worst, least, average, and now) from the Brief Pain Inventory with an 11-point numeric rating scale (0-10) at baseline and post-RT. The study sample consists of 623 whites, 280 black/African Americans, 64 Hispanic whites, and 33 others. The mean age was 58.1 ±10.8 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 30.7 ±7.0 kg/m2. The mean pain score was 1.5 ±1.0 (baseline) and 2.5 ±1.8 (post-RT). In multivariable linear regression analysis (n= 863), post-RT pain score was significantly associated with baseline pain score (β= 0.39 per 1 point increment, p&amp;lt; 0.0001), age (β= -0.03 per 1 year increment, p&amp;lt; 0.001), BMI (β= 0.03 per 1 kg/m2 increment, p= 0.004), current smoking status (β= 0.57, p= 0.022), conventional RT fractionation (β= 0.48, p= 0.033), and pain medication use (β= 1.85, p&amp;lt; 0.0001). Further stratified analysis showed that post-RT pain score was associated with baseline pain score, age, BMI, and mastectomy among patients who did not use pain medication (n= 625); however, it was associated with baseline pain score and conventional RT fractionation among patients who did use pain medication (n= 238). Altogether, baseline pain score is the most significant and robust risk factor for post-RT pain, and conventional RT fractionation is a significant risk factor post-RT pain only among those who experienced more pain. These risk factors may help identify individuals at-risk for post-RT pain; thus, this information may help guide these high-risk individuals in their RT decision-making processes, such as considering a hypo-fractionated RT schedule. Citation Format: Eunkyung Lee, Shannon Snyder, Edward Ip, Jean L. Wright, Jennifer J. Hu. Risk factors for post-radiotherapy pain in a multi-racial ethnic population of breast cancer patients: a prospective study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3290.
The Lettsomian Lectures ON TUMOURS COMPLICATING PREGNANCY, LABOUR, AND THE PUERPERIUM: Delivered before the Medical Society of London
Authors: H. R. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1920)

LECTURE I.-FIBROID TUMOUR COMPLICATINGPREGNANCY, LABOUR AND PUERPERIUM.-rHE notes of thirty-seven cases were given illustrating the following points: First, that in a large number of cases of small tumours patients pass through pregnancy and labour without difficulty.Even in the case of large tumours- -some as large as an adult's head-no difficulty may arise.This is illustrated by eight cases.The danger of pedunculated reniform tumlours becoming rotated and causing inflammation is 'illustrated by a case.Three cases of retroversion and retroflexion of the pregnant uterus pro- duced by fibroids, one of acute anteflexion, and two of inversion of the uterus were mentioned; in seven cases submucous tumours were removed after childbirtli or miscarriage by enucleation through the os uteri.In these cams, although sepsis occurred, hysterectomy was not necessary.The lecture was illustrated by numerous diagrams made from tracings of tumours on glass, showing the evolution and involution of the tumours.Three fatal cases were described, one from nipping of the ileum between two pedunculated subperitoneal fibroids; -the seeond from twisted infected subperitoneal reniform tumour; the third was infected with Bacillus welchii, and died of acute sepsis after Caesarean -section.The after-histories were given in many cases, extending in some instances for periods as long as twenty-five years.Frequency.,Fibroid tumiours complicating pregnancy are quite common, tlhoughl vesry divergent opinions have been expressed by eminent obstetricians on this point.I tlhink it may be stated with an approximation to accuracy that fibroids occur about once in 150 pregnancies. Age.Bayle, in 1813, wrote that " fibroids scarcely ever ap- peared before the age of 30 years," but were present in nearly every woman over 40 who had preserved the physical signis of virginity; and Virehow stated that he 1 March 1.
HGG-14. TREATMENT AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR PEDIATRIC GLIOBLASTOMAS--THE 10 YEARS EXPERIENCE FROM ONE SINGLE CENTER
Authors: Juan Li, Mingyao Lai, Qingjun Hu, Cheng Zhou, Zhaoming Zhou, Changguo Shan, Weiping Hong, Xing Zhang, Yangqiong Zhang, Rishun Luo, Lichao Wang, Ming Lu, Linbo Cai
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2020)

Abstract OBJECTIVE We retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of pediatric glioblastoma patients in our center in the past 10 years. METHODS From November 2009 to December 2018, patients with glioblastoma under 18 years were admitted to Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital. Clinical and pathological features were summarized, and the curative effect was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 31 pediatric patients were enrolled. The median age is 13.8 years (range 0.8–18), including 19 males and 12 females. To Sep, 2019, the median follow-up time was 18 months(Range 4–80 months). Among them,2 were lost to follow-up,13 died, 16 still survived, and the longest survivor survived for 80 months. The median survival time was 16.4 months, the 2-year survival rate was 38%. In the prognostic factor analysis, the median survival time of patients with surgical resection ≥90% was 18 months (95% CI 15.9–20 months), and for children with resection 90% was 11 months (95% CI 9.9–12 months), P=0.027, with significantly statistically difference. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor resection rate was an independent prognostic factor for survival. CONCLUSION The prognosis of pediatric glioblastoma is still dismal. This study demonstrates that prognosis of such patients with GTR or near GTR is better.
EMPLOYMENT AS A THERAPEUTIC AGENCY IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deaths.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4419: Cell cycle analysis during TTF to exploit novel targets for increasing treatment efficacy
Authors: Paul Slangen, Mark de Gooijer, Olaf van Tellingen, Moshe Giladi, Gerben Borst
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Cell cycle distribution and cell deathCell cycle distribution (index,%, t=12hrs)TreatmentControlTTFS10,5 ± 0.410.8 ± 0.5NSG229.9 ± 1.248.4 ± 0.9p&amp;lt;0.05M6.3 ± 0.62.0 ± 0.2p&amp;lt;0.05G153.0 ± 1.238.0 ± 0.8p&amp;lt;0.05Cell death (%)TreatmentcontrolWee1TTFTTF+Wee1Cell count100+/-3.274.4 +/- 4.150.5 +/- 4.221.5 +/- 3.2SynergisticColony formation100 +/- 3.261.6 +/- 6.675.5 +/- 11.217.0 +/- 5.3Synergistic While the effectiveness of TTFields is initially attributed to the effects of TTFields during cell division, recent studies have shown that TTFields additionally induce DNA damage and replication stress. We want to further exploit the working mechanism of TTFields, its effect on the cell cycle and identify targets to increase its efficacy. A172 cells were synchronized in S-phase by double thymidine block. Six hours post-release (0h), cells were subjected to TTFields treatment (200kHz; 4,5V/cm pk-pk). Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry (PI, α-phospho-histone H3Ser10). Treatment of A172 cells synchronized in S phase with TTFields showed that TTFields cause an accumulation of cells in G2 phase, leading to delayed entry into mitosis and, subsequent lower entry into G1 (see table). Because this indication of G2 checkpoint activation we hypothesized the possible synergism between TTFields and Wee1 inhibition. A172 cells were simultaneously treated with TTFields (200kHz; 4,5V/cm pk-pk, 72hrs) and the Wee1 inhibitor (300nM, 72hrs). Cell survival was determined by automated cell counting (including Trypan Blue) and colony formation assay. We observed that abrogation of the G2 checkpoint by Wee1 inhibtion synergistically increases the efficacy of TTFields treatment (see table). The underlying mechanism of the G2 checkpoint activation is subject of ongoing research. By any means, the combination of TTFields with the Wee1 inhibitor bypasses the G2 activation and causes a synergistic decrease in cell survival. Citation Format: Paul Slangen, Mark de Gooijer, Olaf van Tellingen, Moshe Giladi, Gerben Borst. Cell cycle analysis during TTF to exploit novel targets for increasing treatment efficacy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4419.
Prevalence of deep venous thrombosis among patients in medical intensive care
Authors: D. R. Hirsch
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the frequency of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective ultrasound case series. <h3>Setting.</h3> —An MICU in a large tertiary care hospital in Boston, Mass. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —Patients older than 18 years of age admitted to the MICU with an anticipated stay of more than 48 hours. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Deep venous thrombosis as detected by ultrasonography with color Doppler imaging performed twice weekly in the MICU and once within 1 week of discharge from the MICU. <h3>Results.</h3> —Deep venous thrombosis was detected in 33% (95% confidence interval, 24% to 43%) of 100 eligible patients during the 8-month study period. Forty-eight percent (16/33) were proximal lower extremity DVT, and 15% (5/33) were upper extremity DVT associated with central venous catheters, with one patient having both upper and proximal lower extremity DVT. Ultrasound examination results led to inferior vena cava filter placement in three patients, initiation of full-dose anticoagulation in four patients, initiation or continuation of low-dose subcutaneous heparin in 10 patients, follow-up ultrasound studies in three patients, central line removal in one patient, and no intervention in 10 patients due to active bleeding, prior filter, or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Two patients remained anticoagulated for other reasons. In this series, there was no difference in age, gender, body mass index, diagnosis of cancer, recent surgery, duration of hospitalization prior to DVT detection, and DVT prophylaxis between patients with DVT and those without. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —An unexpectedly high rate of DVT was detected by ultrasound in these MICU patients despite prophylaxis in 61%. Traditionally recognized DVT risk factors failed to identify patients who developed DVT. Routine ultrasound surveillance or more intensive prophylaxis regimens may be warranted in this patient population if these DVT rates are confirmed in other settings. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:335-337)
Non-small cell lung cancer and estrogen plus progestin use in postmenopausal women in the Women's Health Initiative randomized clinical trial
Authors: R. T. Chlebowski, A. Schwartz, H. Wakelee, G. L. Anderson, M. L. Stefanick, J. E. Manson, J. W. Chien, C. Chen, J. Wactawski-Wende, M. Gass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

CRA1500 Background: Sex differences in lung cancer outcome suggest a potential hormonal influence; however, observational studies provide mixed findings regarding menopausal hormone therapy (HT) and lung cancer. Methods: Secondary analyses of the WHI randomized, placebo-controlled trial of daily conjugated equine estrogen (CEE, 0.625 mg) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 2.5 mg) in 16,608 multi-ethnic postmenopausal women, aged 50–79 were conducted on lung cancer incidence and mortality. Lung cancers were confirmed by medical record review. Results: Groups were balanced for age, race/ethnicity, and prior HT. Smoking status was also comparable (never 50%, past 40%, current 10% in both groups). Cumulative risk for lung cancer was highest in current (0.51%), compared to past (0.14%) and never (0.04%) smokers. After 5.6 years on trial intervention and 2.4 years additional follow-up (median), small cell lung cancer incidence was comparable between randomization groups (total n=26), as was subsequent small cell lung cancer mortality. Although a trend for more non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) diagnoses in the active hormone group was not significant (p=0.12), an apparent divergence emerged after five years, with more diagnoses in the CEE+MPA group. In addition, mortality after NSCLC diagnosis was significantly higher for the CEE+MPA group (46.3% vs 27.0%, respectively, hazard ratio (HR) 1.59, 95% CI 1.03–2.46, p=0.04). As a result, CEE+MPA group women were more likely to die from NSCLC than those on placebo (p=0.02). Conclusions: Use of CEE + MPA for over 5 years increases a woman's risk for NSCLC mortality, the leading cause of cancer death in women. These data, together with recent results indicating higher breast cancer risk (Cancer Res 2009;69(2):78s), suggest cancer impact should influence risk-to-benefit consideration for combined HT use. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]