tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ozone and Limonene in Indoor Air: A Source of Submicron Particle Exposure
Authors: Thomas Wainman, Junfeng Zhang, Charles J. Weschler, Paul J. Lioy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Little information currently exists regarding the occurrence of secondary organic aerosol formation in indoor air. Smog chamber studies have demonstrated that high aerosol yields result from the reaction of ozone with terpenes, both of which commonly occur in indoor air. However, smog chambers are typically static systems, whereas indoor environments are dynamic. We conducted a series of experiments to investigate the potential for secondary aerosol in indoor air as a result of the reaction of ozone with d-limonene, a compound commonly used in air fresheners. A dynamic chamber design was used in which a smaller chamber was nested inside a larger one, with air exchange occurring between the two. The inner chamber was used to represent a model indoor environment and was operated at an air exchange rate below 1 exchange/hr, while the outer chamber was operated at a high air exchange rate of approximately 45 exchanges/hr. Limonene was introduced into the inner chamber either by the evaporation of reagent-grade d-limonene or by inserting a lemon-scented, solid air freshener. A series of ozone injections were made into the inner chamber during the course of each experiment, and an optical particle counter was used to measure the particle concentration. Measurable particle formation and growth occurred almost exclusively in the 0.1-0.2 microm and 0.2-0.3 microm size fractions in all of the experiments. Particle formation in the 0.1-0.2 microm size range occurred as soon as ozone was introduced, but the formation of particles in the 0.2-0.3 microm size range did not occur until at least the second ozone injection occurred. The results of this study show a clear potential for significant particle concentrations to be produced in indoor environments as a result of secondary particle formation via the ozone-limonene reaction. Because people spend the majority of their time indoors, secondary particles formed in indoor environments may make a significant contribution to overall particle exposure. This study provides data for assessing the impact of outdoor ozone on indoor particles. This is important to determine the efficacy of the mass-based particulate matter standards in protecting public health because the indoor secondary particles can vary coincidently with the variations of outdoor fine particles in summer.
Abstract 1379: Insights into analytical factors impacting variant concordance of plasma-tumor NGS testing
Authors: Daniel Stetson
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Next generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating free DNA (cfDNA) is transforming the treatment paradigm in oncology. Sensitive non-invasive cfDNA assays could revolutionize clinical trial design with improved patient safety. However, there are substantial challenges to working with cfDNA, particularly in an early-stage setting. It has been shown that solid tumors from early stage disease shed less DNA into the bloodstream making the detection of somatic variants difficult. Because of this, the current landscape of commercial cfDNA assays are focused on advanced stage patients and may lack the sensitivity and specificity to interrogate early stage samples. To understand the limitations of the currently available cfDNA assays on early-stage oncology samples, we have designed several studies to examine the factors that impact the concordance of plasma-tumor testing and hinder the ability to detect low frequency somatic variants. Three comparison studies have been completed examining both the inter- and intra- variability of commercially available plasma-based NGS assays. Two inter-vendor studies utilized matched sets of 24 tumor-plasma samples purchased from a commercial bio-banking company. The plasmas were aliquoted into 2 ml volumes and sent to the commercial vendor for sequencing with the currently available cfDNA assay, while the tumor-normal tissues were sequenced by an external tumor sequencing vendor. The unique study design allowed for confident determination of true positive, false positive and importantly, false negative variants from the reported plasma variants. The third comparison study also used commercially purchased early-stage patient and normal samples to examine the intra-vendor assay reproducibility. Summarizing the results from all three studies, we found that the majority of discordant variants were from technical rather than biological factors. The technical factors identified include mutational bias, bioinformatic filtering, and variant annotation, while the biological factors found were clonal hematopoiesis and tumor heterogeneity. Through a detailed examination of the discordant variants from the first inter-vendor comparison, we believe that less than 15% of discordance was from biological sources. Overall these findings differ from the current literature which suggests that the sub-clonal nature of a tumor is the cause of most discordance in plasma testing. We have begun to establish guidelines to identify these technical factors in our current and past datasets, with the hope of liquid biopsy testing improvement for early-stage cancer patients. Citation Format: Daniel Stetson. Insights into analytical factors impacting variant concordance of plasma-tumor NGS testing [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1379.
Incorrect Affiliation Footnote
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
From watchful waiting to antibiotics
Authors: R. H. Kampmeier
Journal: JAMA (1989)

FOR ONE who has been a physician for 65 years, an invitation to tap his recollections about public health looses memories of once common communicable diseases now often unknown to younger physicians, as well as diseases then new on the horizon. In the early decades of this century, infectious disease was almost synonymous with public health. Although some pathogens had been identified before my birth (1898), the etiology of other common contagious diseases had to await the identification of viruses. To the physician in those days, who had recourse only to symptomatic treatment, the death rate for some diseases was appalling. In 1900, deaths from influenza and pneumonia ranked first and tuberculosis second, accounting, respectively, for 11.8% and 11.3% of all mortality. Diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, and whooping cough took the lives of one fourth of the children between ages 1 and 14 years. The highest mortality rate beyond infancy
Oxidant Effects on Epithelial Na,K-ATPase Gene Expression and Promoter Function
Authors: Christine H. Wendt, Renuka Sharma, Robert Bair, Howard Towle, David H. Ingbar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The lung epithelium resorbs alveolar fluid through combined action of sodium channels and the sodium pump, Na,K-ATPase.The lung often is exposed to hyperoxia in disease states and hyperoxia generates a mixture of reactive oxygen species.In vivo and in vitro exposure of rat lung and alveolar type 11 cells, respectively, increases gene expression of both the a-1 and P-1 subunits of the sodium pump.In contrast to the primary type 11 cells, several type 11 cell lines did not increase sodium pump gene expression with hyperoxia, but the renal tubular epithelial MDCK cell line did.Using promoter-reporter constructs transfected into MDCK cells, hyperoxia did not markedly increase transcription of the a-1 subunit but doubled transcription of the ,B-1 subunit gene.Using 5'-deletion constructs, the region required for the ,B-1 increase was localized to a 40- base pair region from -44/-84.The hyperoxic responsiveness of this region was confirmed using constructs with one or two copies of this region placed in minimal promoter-luciferase reporters.This 5' promoter region contains a consensus binding sequence for SP-1, a basal transcription factor but not for binding of other known transcription factors.Thus, hyperoxia induces Na,K-
Abstract P012: Associations Between Plasma Phospholipid and Cholesterol Ester Fatty Acids and Reproducibility During 10-year Follow-up of Elderly Individuals: A Population Based Study
Authors: Matti Marklund, Lars Lind, Ulf Risérus
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Fatty acid (FA) composition in different blood compartments is used as biomarkers of dietary fat quality, but it is unclear how FA compositions differ between compartments and which biomarker is most appropriate for epidemiological studies. Furthermore, as most cohorts use single FA measurements to reflect long-term intake, reproducibility data of plasma FAs are clearly warranted. Objective: To investigate inter-correlations of FA compositions in plasma phospholipids (PP) and cholesterol esters (CE), and to evaluate 10-y reproducibility of FA composition in plasma CE. Methods: Baseline FA composition of PP and CE was assessed in a population-based cohort of 70-year-old Swedes (n=940), and in a subsample (n=539), FA was additionally measured in CE during follow-up at ages 75 and 80 y. FA in PP and CE was measured by gas chromatography. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were calculated between proportions of individual FA measured in plasma PP and CE collected at age 70 y. Plasma CE compositions at ages 70, 75, and 80 y were utilized to assess 10-year reproducibility by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) in one-way random-effect models. Results: Strong correlations between PP and CC were observed for most FA, with the only exceptions palmitic acid and stearic acid (Table). Fair to good reproducibility was observed for most FA, and was greatest for palmitoleic acid (ICC [95% CI] = 0.72 [0.69-0.76]) and all n-6 polyunsaturated FA (ICC=0.64-0.68). Poor reproducibility was only observed for α-linoleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, and stearic acid, with ICC (95% CI) 0.19 (0.14-0.25), 0.22 (0.17-0.28), and 0.23 (0.18-0.29), respectively. Conclusions: Overall, FA levels measured in plasma PP and CE correlates strongly, suggesting that FA composition in these compartments generally can be used interchangeably as biomarkers in epidemiological studies. Overall good reproducibility of FA levels in CE indicates that single a measurement can reliably estimate average levels over a 10-y period.
AIDS and Human Rights
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Getting the information out faster and some good news about MMWR
Authors: G. D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Instant communication is a phenomenon of our time. It pervades society and modifies how we live and work.The JOURNALis on record as strongly favoring the rapid communication of any information necessary to enable physicians, preventive medicine personnel, and other medical care professionals to do their jobs in the best possible way. We perform this mission by: publishing JAMA weekly, offering a fast track to publication for original manuscripts when appropriate, not adhering to any arbitrary Talbott-Ingelfinger-Relman rule, including a superb MEDICAL NEWS section in the front of each issue, providing medical news release packets weekly to more than 2,000 news media organizations, and sending advance copies of JAMA to more than 300 of the most influential television and radio networks and stations and medical reporters and editors. In addition, the American Medical Association offers a daily medical news service called "American Medical Radio News" available through an 800
Carcnoma in situ of the cervix associatedwith pregnancy. A clinical-pathological review
Authors: J. J. Mikuta
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Thirty-five patients had carcinoma in situ of the cervix associated with pregnancy. Seven were diagnosed within a year of abortion or delivery and 28 antepartum. Considerable variation was noted in the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this problem during the 20 years of this study. The significant features of this review follow: (1) no invasive cervical carcinomas were overlooked in these patients, (2) residual carcinoma in situ was found in 50% of patients upon postpartum tissue study, (3) cervical cytology was unreliable in detecting the presence of residual cellular abnormalities in the interval between conization and delivery, and delivery and tissue reevaluation, (4) conization of the cervix during pregnancy resulted in six complications in 20 patients, (5) eight fetuses were jeopardized, four fatally, as a result of the diagnostic and therapeutic management of carcinoma in situ of the cervix during pregnancy.
Overutilization of cultures of CSF for mycobacteria
Authors: T. W. Crowson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Over a five-year period, 1,883 specimens were cultured for mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) at our hospital. All cultures were negative, and no cases of tuberculous meningitis were diagnosed. Culture rates (percent of CSF specimens cultured for TB) varied from 74% on the Medicine and Neurology services to 6% on the Pediatric service. These culture rates have been stable for five years. These data suggest that on the Medicine and Neurology services, TB cultures of CSF are persistently overutilized. A simple rule of not culturing CSF for TB if results of the CSF analysis are normal (ie, WBC count ≤4/cu mm, protein level ≤45 mg/dL, and glucose level ≥45 mg/dL) could reduce utilization by at least 50% without adversely affecting quality of care. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:70-72)
ASSOCIATIONS AND THEIR JOURNALS.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Precocious Pregnancy.
Authors: L. Drakely Rood
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Des Moines, Iowa, July 4, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —On Jan. 20, 1889, I was called to attend a case of confinement. On my arrival I found a girl 12 years and 10 months old in labor. After a rather tedious but uneventful labor I delivered her with forceps of a twelve-pound boy. The infant lived but a short time. The mother had a normal puerperium. The mother of the girl was only 31 years of age at that time and had a daughter nearly four years older than the one confined. I am familiar with another case in which the mother was less than 13 years and 6 months old. I confined a girl in 1893, who stated to me that she had never menstruated and was less than 14 years old. This was afterward verified by her mother. She had no hair on the pubes, no enlargment of
CADD-18. MP-Pt(IV): A MAOB SENSITIVE MITOCHONDRIAL SMART BOMB FOR TREATING GLIOMA
Authors: Martyn Sharpe, David Baskin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

We have previously demonstrated that monoamine oxidase B (MAOB), highly elevated in glioma, may be used to catalytically convert uncharged methyl-tetrahydropyridine (MP-) groups into the mitochondrial targeted, cationic, methyl-pyridinium (P+-) form. Our first generation mitochondrial ‘smart-bomb’, MP-MUS, used a nitrogen mustard ‘warhead’, and was demonstrated to attach glioma mitochondrial DNA in vitro and in vivo. The development of our lead compound into a clinically used therapeutic was hampered by the reactivity of the nitrogen mustard ‘warhead’ and thus the potential of off-target toxicity. Our second generation lead compound, MP-Pt(IV), replaces the nitrogen mustard with an unreactive platinum (IV) group. This new ‘warhead’ undergos ascorbate-linked reductive activation to give rise to cis-platin, DNA-crosslinking chemotherapeutic, able to attack gliomal mitochondrial DNA. MP-Pt(IV) is a very good substrate for MAOB, but not MAOA, and is converted by gliomal MAOB into the cationic, lipophilic mitochondrial targeting P+-Pt(IV). The principle biological reductant capable of converting Pt(IV) into cis-platin is ascorbate. We show that gliomas have high levels of mitochondrial ascorbate, and these elevated levels of ascorbate reflect the elevation of glucose/dehydroxyascorbate transporters, GLUT1, GLUT 3, and GLUT4. Here we show that MP-Pt(IV) is highly effective chemotherapeutic, in in vitro as well as in vivo mouse intracranial mouse models of glioblastoma. In vitro studies show that we can potentiate the toxicity of MP-Pt(IV) by increasing mitochondrial ascorbate levels, by incubating cells with dehydroxyascorbate. In an in vivo model, we see that MP-Pt(IV) potentiates the classical chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide and also temozolomide based chemoradiation. Of note is the ability of MP-Pt(IV), like MP-MUS, to cause an elevation in mitochondrial, MAOB levels in treated cells. Treatment of glioma with MP-Pt(IV) creates the opposite of drug resistance, with treating cells becoming increasingly sensitive to MP-Pt(IV).
Diabetic Manual for Patients
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New anti-herpes virus drug being tested
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Data are beginning to come in from testing of acyclovir (9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl] guanine), a potential new antiviral agent, against a variety of herpes virus infections. "This agent differs from other antiviral drugs in that it is activated only while in an infected cell," Jonathan H. Lass, MD, told a Research to Prevent Blindness seminar in Los Angeles. "The virus in the cell produces an enzyme that in turn activates acyclovir to block viral replication. Uninfected cells go about their normal processes undisrupted by the acyclovir because there is no activation of the drug within these cells." Deborah Pavan-Langston, MD, with whom Lass worked at Harvard Medical School, Boston, before going to Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, says that, specifically, herpes simplex virus-coded thymidine kinase starts a phosphorylation chain reaction with acyclovir. This results in production of an acyclovir triphosphate that has a much greater affinity (about 30-fold) for
Excessive mortality and causes of death in morbidly obese men
Authors: E. J. Drenick
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A group of 200 morbidly obese men (average weight, 143.5 kg; age, 23 to 70 years) were admitted to a weight control program between 1960 and 1977 and were followed up for a mean period of 7 1/2 years. There was complete follow-up until the termination of the study or until death for 185 men. Fifteen men were followed up for fractional periods. Fifty of the 200 died during the course of the study. Life-table techniques, comparing the mortality among the obese with that among men in the general population, demonstrated a 12-fold excess mortality in the obese in the age group 25 to 34 years and a sixfold excess in the age group 35 to 44 years. This ratio diminished with advancing age. Cardiovascular disease was reported as the cause of death more frequently and malignancies less frequently than they were for men in the US general population. (<i>JAMA</i>243:443-445, 1980)