tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Effects of Toxicants on Ecosystem Services
Authors: John Cairns, B. R. Niederlehner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Numerous functions of ecosystems are essential to the quality of human life, including the provision of food, the decomposition of sewage, the provision of portable water, and the replacement of breathable air. Although attributes of ecosystems directly of use to human societies are not the only ones worth protecting, emphasizing their services may be the most effective means of communicating risks of toxicants to the general public. However, although spatial and temporal scales of experiments to assess risk vary relatively little, actual spatial scales vary considerably, from local environments to global ecosystems. Generally, models are used to bridge these gaps in scale. In this paper, we examine ways in which toxicity test endpoints have been developed to describe effects of pollutants on essential ecosystem functions and the ways in which results are then extrapolated to scales that risk managers can use.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Nontoxigenic C diffi cile to Prevent Recurrent Infection 1719Clostridium diffi cile infection (CDI)-a common health care-associated infection in US hospitals-has a recurrence rate of 25% to 30%.In a multicenter randomized, dose-ranging study that enrolled 173 patients with fi rst episode or fi rst recurrence of CDI who had successfully completed treatment with metronidazole, vancomycin, or both, Gerding and colleagues found that compared with placebo, oral administration of spores from a nontoxigenic C diffi cile strain (M3) was well tolerated and appeared to be safe.The authors report the nontoxigenic C diffi cile strain colonized the gastrointestinal tract and CDI recurrence was reduced through 6 weeks' follow-up.
OUTBREAK OF EPIDEMIC JAUNDICE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Die Vitamine. Kritische Uebersicht der Lehre von den Ergänzungsstoffen.
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Modern Method of Birth Control
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Archives of General Psychiatry, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diffusion of Residual Monomer in Polymer Resins
Authors: Warren T. Piver
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

A simplified mathematical model which made use of Fick's laws of diffusion written in spherical coordinates was developed to describe the rate of diffusion of residual monomers from polymer resins. The properties of the monomer-polymer system which influenced the amount of monomer remaining in the polymer as a function of time were the diffusivity and solubility of the monomer in the polymer, and the particle size of the polymer resin. This model was used to analyze literature data on the diffusion of residual vinyl chloride monomer in polyvinyl chloride resins made by the suspension process. It was concluded that particle size of the resin was a significant parameter which should be taken advantage of in process equipment designed to remove residual monomer from PVC resins. The diffusivity of the monomer in the polymer was a function of the solubility of the monomer in the polymer. Monomer solubility can be determined from Henry's law. It was suggested that this model could be adapted to describe diffusion of monomers from any monomer-polymer system, and would be a useful approach to modeling the transport of nonreactive chemical additives from plastics.
Initiation, Promotion, and Inhibition of Carcinogenesis in Rainbow Trout
Authors: George Bailey, Daniel Selivonchick, Jerry Hendricks
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The identification of etiological agents in feral fish neoplasia epizootics has been hampered in part by the lack of suitable fish models, and complicated by the likely existence of environmental agents which can act to stimulate or reduce population responses to genotoxin insult. The response of fish to tumor inhibitors and promoters, and the underlying mechanisms of modulation, have been studied in the rainbow trout model. Dietary treatment of trout with the compounds indole-3-carbinol (I3C), beta-naphthoflavone (BNF), or the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) complex Aroclor 1254, before and during exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), was shown to reduce the final incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma after 12 months, compared to fish receiving AFB1 only. By contrast, treatment of trout with BNF or I3C following AFB1 initiation led to a significant enhancement of ultimate tumor response. Similarly, simultaneous treatment of trout with PCB and the carcinogen N-nitrosodiethylamine led to syncarcinogenic enhancement, rather than inhibition, of tumor response. Mechanisms of inhibition of AFB1 carcinogenesis by PCB, BNF, and I3C were investigated. PCB and BNF, but not I3C, are known to be strong inducers of trout cytochrome P448 and associated activities. Dietary induction by BNF or PCB was shown to be accompanied in isolated hepatocytes by considerably altered AFB1 metabolism, and by significantly reduced rates of DNA adduct formation for all three agents. All agents differentially altered in vivo AFB1 pharmacokinetics, enhanced bile elimination of AFB1 as the aflatoxicol-M1 glucuronide, and significantly reduced peak levels of liver DNA adduct formation. No effects were seen on repair of AFB1-DNA adducts, which was very slow in trout.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Food Allergy
Authors: William H. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Buckley and Metcalfe, in their chapter on food allergy in the<i>Primer on Allergic and Immunologic Diseases</i>(1982;248:2627), exhibit an excellent concept of the phenomenon of hypersensitivity to foods. Their warning that other disease entities may stimulate an allergic response in numerous organs predisposed to a local anaphylactic reaction deserves particular attention. The skin whealing response as obtained by prick, scratch, or intracutaneous testing and the radioallergosorbent test are placed in proper perspective as they pertain to the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to foods. Other aspects of the chapter worthy of note include (1) a caution regarding the performance of challenge feeding tests on known offending foods, (2) the failure of suspected foods consistently to produce a positive challenge, and (3) the negating effect of slowing absorption of the food undergoing challenge by including other foods in the test meal. The suggestion regarding patients undergoing a challenge regimen
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for shigellosis
Authors: J. D. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Twenty-eight infants and children hospitalized for severe shigellosis were treated orally either with ampicillin trihydrate (100 mg/kg/day administered in divided doses every six hours) or with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (trimethoprim, 10 mg; sulfamethoxazole, 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 12 hours) for five days. Four patients with ampicillin-resistant shigellae continued to have diarrhea and positive stool cultures during therapy. Patients with susceptible shigellae treated with ampicillin and all patients treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole responded promptly and comparably within an average of 1.6 and 1.7 days, respectively, until stool cultures were negative, and 3.1 and 2.9 days, respectively, until diarrhea stopped. Patients with ampicillin-resistant shigellae responded to treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole is the best currently available drug for treatment of shigellosis in areas where multiple antibiotic resistance of shigellae is common. (<i>JAMA</i>235:1239-1243, 1976)
Which Is Man's Closest Relative?
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neoplastic Transformation of Cultured Mammalian Cells by Estrogens and Estrogenlike Chemicals
Authors: Takeki Tsutsui, J. Carl Barrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Estrogens are clearly carcinogenic in humans and rodents but the mechanisms by which these hormones induce cancer are only partially understood.Stimulation of cell proliferation and gene expression by binding to the estrogen receptor is one important mechanism in hormonal carcinogenesis; however, estrogenicity is not sufficient to explain the carcinogenic activity of all estrogens because some estrogens are not carcinogenic.Estrogens are nonmutagenic in many assays but exhibit specific types of genotoxic activity under certain conditions.We have studied extensively the mechanisms by which estrogens induce neoplastic transformation in a model in vitro system and our findings are summarized in this review. 17[-Estradiol (E2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES) and their metabolites induce morphological and neoplastic transformation of Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells that express no measurable levels of estrogen receptor.Treatment of the cells with E2 or DES fails to induce DNA damage, chromosome aberrations and gene mutations in SHE cells but results in numerical chromosome aberrations (aneuploidy) that could arise from microtubule disruption or disfunction of mitotic apparatus.Estrogen-induced genotoxicity is detected in cells following treatment with estrogen metabolites or following exogenous metabolic activation of estrogens.The estrogens induce DNA adduct formation that is detected by 32P-postlabeling.Both aneuploidy induction and DNA damage caused by DNA adduct formation correlate with the estrogen-induced cell transformation and may be important in hormonal carcinogenesis.We propose that multiple effects of estrogens acting together cause genetic alterations leading to cell transformation.Environ Health Perspect 1 05(Suppl 3):619-624 (1997) Key words: estrogens, estrogen metabolites, cell transformation, genotoxicity Estrogen use has been associated with an increased risk for breast cancer and endometrial cancers in women (1-4).Various natural and synthetic estrogens also induce mammary, pituitary, cervical, uterine, and renal tumors in rodents (4-5).Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estro- gen, is well known to be carcinogenic to humans (6).The cellular and molecular mechanism(s) whereby estrogen-induced neoplastic events occur have not been fully elucidated, but there is strong evidence that estrogens are epigenetic carcinogens, acting via a promoting effect related to cellular proliferation, mediated through the estrogen receptor (7-15).However, it has been shown that estrogenic activity is not sufficient to explain the carcinogenic activ- ity in vivo and in vitro under certain exper- imental conditions.Another mechanism, related to mutagenic changes, has been suggested in studies of estrogen-induced carcinogenesis (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).The application of cell cultures to study carcinogenic mechanisms of chemical/ physical carcinogens can provide insights
Development of a DNA Microarray for Toxicology Based on Hepatotoxin- regulated Sequences
Authors: Jeffrey F. Waring, Guy Cavet, Robert A. Jolly, Jeff McDowell, Hongye Dai, Rita Ciurlionis, Chunsheng Zhang, Roland Stoughton, Pek Lum, Allan Ferguson, Christopher J. Roberts, Roger G. Ulrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)
Science, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
COUNCIL ON INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Minor contribution of hepatocytes to collagen production in normal and early fibrotic rat livers
Authors: I Ogata
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Hepatocyte contribution to hepatic collagen production in vivo was estimated in rats, based on the fact that ornithine is used for protein synthesis in the liver as arginine after conversion by way of the urea cycle only by hepatocytes. From rats given a mixture of [14C] ornithine and [3H]arginine, hepatic collagen and serum albumin were obtained. The hepatocyte contribution was calculated from the 14C and 3H in arginine purified from collagen and albumin by high performance liquid chromatography. The contribution was less than 10% of total collagen production in normal and early fibrotic livers induced by a single dose of carbon tetrachloride or dimethylnitrosamine. We conclude that hepatocytes may play a minor role in collagen production in normal and early fibrotic rat livers. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:361–367.)
Too Many Men, Too Few Women
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract MP66: Significant Positive Association of Progression in Arterial Stiffness with Accelerated Increase in Aortic Calcification Among Multi-ethnic Middle-aged Men (ERA JUMP Study)
Authors: Jingchuan Guo, Akira Fujiyoshi, Kamal Masaki, Vishnu Abhishek, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, Takashi Hisamatsu, Vasudha Ahuja, Bradley Willcox, Katsuyuki Miura, Beatriz Rodriguez, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Lewis H Kuller, Akira Sekikawa
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Cross-sectional data suggest that aortic calcification (AC) is independently associated with arterial stiffness, yet no previous study has examined the association prospectively. We hypothesize that increase in AC has a positive association with the progression of arterial stiffness assessed by brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV). To test our hypothesis, we examined data from our population-based samples of healthy middle-aged men (ERA JUMP Study). Method: Participants (n=635) aged 40-49 at baseline (207 White American, 45 African American, 142 Japanese American and 241 Japanese in Japan, all men) were examined for AC, baPWV, and other factors at baseline and repeated 4-7 years later. The associations of baPWV progression (relative annual change) with annual change in AC were analyzed using general linear models and logistic regression, after adjusting for age, race, blood pressure and other risk factors. Results: Annual change in AC was significantly associated with baPWV progression. Fully-adjusted means (standard error) of relative annual change in baPWV(%) from the 1st to 4th quartile (Q) of annual change in AC were 0.26(0.15), 0.44(0.16), 0.88(0.14) and 0.96(0.16), respectively (trend p=0.002) (Table). Similarly, fully-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for baPWV progression &gt; 0 comparing annual change in AC Q2 to Q4 versus Q1 were 1.04 (0.62-1.77), 1.83 (1.06-3.16) and 3.10 (1.60-5.99), respectively (trend p=0.004) (Table). Conclusion: AC, which primarily represents calcification in the medial arterial layer or combination of media and intima, was strongly and progressively associated with increasing arterial stiffness, suggesting that calcification may casually link to arterial stiffness progression.