tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Protection Mechanism in Rat Lungs upon Acute and Chronic Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Masaru Sagai, Takamichi Ichinose
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

This work was done to clarify the relation between the changes of lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidative protective enzymes in lungs of rats exposed acutely, subacutely, and chronically to nitrogen dioxide. It was confirmed that the activities of the antioxidative enzymes to protect cells from oxidative stress increased in an early phase, and then the activities decreased gradually. Lipid peroxides increased once in an early phase and then returned to the control level; thereafter, lipid peroxides increased gradually again. Lipid peroxidation as measured by ethane exhalation increased significantly with 0.04, 0.4, and 4 ppm nitrogen dioxide exposure for 9, 18, and 27 months, and a dose-response relationship was clearly observed. The temporal changes of lipid peroxidation varied inversely with that of the activities of antioxidative protective enzymes. From these results, it was suggested that the increments of antioxidative protective enzyme activities in an early phase were complementary effects to protect cells from damage by lipid peroxides which were increased by nitrogen dioxide exposure, and that the complementary effects are lost in later phases of life-span exposure. Finally, loss of such protective complementary effects might relate to some chronic diseases in lungs. Therefore, the temporal changes described above are important characteristics in chronic exposure of air pollutants.
The Breast
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Phase I Study of Combination Topotecan and Carboplatin in Pediatric Solid Tumors
Authors: Uma H. Athale, Clinton Stewart, John F. Kuttesch, Albert Moghrabi, William Meyer, Charles Pratt, Amar Gajjar, Richard L. Heideman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We conducted a phase I trial of escalating doses of topotecan (TOPO) in association with a fixed systemic exposure of carboplatin (CARBO) with or without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two separate cohorts of patients (pts) with solid tumors were studied: (A) pts with refractory or recurrent disease and (B) pts with no prior myelosuppressive therapy or newly diagnosed tumors for which there was no standard chemotherapy. CARBO was given on day 1 at an area under the curve of 6.5, followed by TOPO as a continuous infusion for 3 days; the starting dose of TOPO was 0.50 mg/m 2 /d. Cycles were repeated every 21 days. G-CSF was given at a dose of 5 μg/kg/d starting on day 4. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 51 pts were assessable for toxicity. In group A, dose-limiting myelosuppression persisted despite de-escalation of TOPO to 0.3 mg/m 2 /d and use of G-CSF. In group B, the maximum-tolerated dose of TOPO was 0.5 mg/m 2 /d for 3 days, and 0.6 mg/m 2 /d for 3 days with G-CSF. No significant nonhematologic toxicities were observed. Among 46 pts assessable for response, one had complete response, five had partial response, and 18 had stable disease. CONCLUSION: Although this combination possesses antineoplastic activity in pediatric solid tumors, hematologic toxicity precluded any meaningful TOPO dose escalation. The addition of G-CSF did not alter this. The potential for preservation of activity and diminution of toxicity with alternative sequences and schedules of administration (topoisomerase followed by alkylating or platinating agents) should be evaluated.
Environmental Challenge Studies in Laboratory Animal Allergy: Effect of Different Airborne Allergen Concentrations
Authors: Peyton A. Eggleston, Aftab A. Ansari, N. Franklin Adkinson, Robert A. Wood
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

In order to examine the dose-dependence of the airway response to animal allergens we performed environmental challenges on 17 workers with documented IgE-mediated allergic reactions to laboratory rats. The 1-h environmental challenges were conducted in a vivarium during cage cleaning (high-allergen challenge), quiet sitting (low-allergen challenge), or in a remote location (sham challenge). During the high antigen conditions, mean Rat n I concentration was 166 ± 28 ng/m3 compared with 9.6 ± 3 ng/m3 in the low-allergen conditions. Nasal symptoms and nasal lavage mediator concentrations were significantly lower during the low-allergen conditions, but the pulmonary response was similar in terms of symptom scores, coughs, or FEV1 change. Using covariate analysis to examine the interaction of airborne allergen concentration, IgE-mediated sensitivity, and airway hyperresponsiveness, it could be shown that both upper and lower airway responses were strongly dependent on airborne allergen concentration but not on the degree of IgE sensitivity to rat allergen. We concluded that within sensitized workers, acute airway response is determined almost entirely by the intensity of environmental allergen exposure and the degree of bronchial hyperresponsiveness but not by the degree of IgE-mediated sensitivity.
Thymic aplasia with lymphopenia, plasma cells, and normal immunoglobulins. Relation to measles virus infection
Authors: A. J. Nahmias
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An infant girl with persistent lymphopenia was found to have plasma cells in her bone marrow and, for her age, normal amounts of immunoglobulins (I<sub>g</sub>A, I<sub>g</sub>G, and I<sub>g</sub>M) in her serum. She died at age 4 months from giant cell pneumonia proven to be due to measles virus. Postmortem examination revealed no identifiable thymus. There was an almost complete absence of small lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, spleen, and intestines, but plasma cells were present in these tissues. Two sisters who had died earlier of pneumonitis—one with giant cell pneumonia— also had the same type of immunological defect. Since the Swiss type of thymic aplasia is associated with absent plasma cells and agammaglobulinemia, these patients belong to a variant of this syndrome which points to a dissociation between the development of lymphocytes and plasma cells. The increased susceptibility of two of the three infants to measles infection and other clinical and laboratory observations suggests that lymphocytes play an important role in host resistance to this viral infection.
BELGIUM
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Diagnosis of Subacute Panencephalitis
Authors: John L. Sever
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The presence of measles antibody in the spinal fluid and elevated serum measles titers strongly suggests that the patient has subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Conversely, the absence of measles antibody in the spinal fluid of a patient makes the diagnosis very unlikely, if the results of repeated tests are negative. The single most valuable determination is the complement fixation test for measles antibody in the cerebral spinal fluid. State and territorial laboratories that now perform the antibody determinations are identified in this report. (<i>JAMA</i>228:604-606, 1974)
Nova et Vetera
Journal: BMJ (1955)

CANCER OF CERVIXBRLsi 1083 amount of money spent in this country, with a population of nearly 50 million.In Ontario the department of health has pub- lished figures showing that the percentage of patients treated in stage 1 carcinoma of the cervix increased from 24.4% in the period 1943-7 to 31.7% in the period 1948-52.Even more striking figures are published in Saskatchewan, the rise in stage 1 be- tween 1932 and 1949 being 10% and the rise in stages 1 and 2 combined from 55% in 1932 to 82% in 1949.The Canadians are convinced of the value of cancer education in obtaining treatment at an " early stage " of the disease.
Lunch Trucks Are Vehicle for<i>Salmonella</i>Outbreak in Canada
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1163: Engineering Biomaterials For Vascular Differentiation And Regeneration
Authors: Sharon Gerecht, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic, Robert Langer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

The goal of our studies was to utilize engineered biomaterials to understand the mechanisms underlying microenvironment regulatory cascades during vascular differentiation and regeneration. We found that the ECM polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) is a developmentally relevant material for the growth of human embryonic stem cels (hESCs). Human ESCs encapsulated in HA hydrogels in conditioned media, maintained their undifferentiated state and could be further initiate vasculogenesis within the same system by supplementation with VEGF. In a continuous study we have developed a method for introducing pores into photocurable bioelastomer while maintaining mechanical properties. Biocompatibility studies demonstrated the ability to encapsulate, grow and differentiated cells in vitro , while subcutaneous transplantation revealed inflammatory response similar to other biocompatible materials. In addition, these In vivo experiments showed that the porous bioelastomer promotes ingrowth and integration with the host circulation, suggesting that porous bioelastomer may be utilized for tissue engineering applications. Mammalian cells respond to their substrates by complex changes in gene expression profiles, morphology, proliferation and migration. We report that the nanotopography of the substrate can be used to control various cellular responses of hESCs and human endothelial progenitor cell (hEPC). Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) films were replica-molded on passivated silicon wafers to yield line-grating (600 nm ridges with 600 nm spacing and 600 ± 150 nm feature height), coated with fibronectin or collagen, and seeded with single-cell suspensions. These nanopattered PDMS substrates induced hESC alignment and elongation, mediated the organization of cytoskeletal components, and reduced proliferation. The addition of actin disrupting agents attenuated the alignment and proliferative effects of nanotopography. Human EPCs cultured on nanotopographic substrates elongated, and aligned with the structures, while their migration was also enhanced. Long-term cultures led to the formation of band-like structures of hEPCs as their proliferation was reduced, and the addition of matrigel led to the formation of ordered tube structures.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide antagonizes transforming growth factor beta 1-induced apoptosis in primary cultures of hepatocytes
Authors: P Martin-Sanz
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Incubation of primary cultures of fetal hepatocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) elicited the expression of nitric oxide (NO) synthetase as well as antagonized the apoptotic cell death evoked by treating the cells with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). In addition to LPS, exposure of the cells to chemical NO donors also protected against apoptotic cell death when assayed at concentrations in the low micromolar range. Treatment of hepatocytes with large concentrations of NO donors promoted both apoptotic and necrotic cell death. These results suggest that NO synthesis by hepatocytes might be involved in the protection against apoptotic death. (Hepatology 1996 May;23(5):1200-7)
Health-related spin-offs of space exploration
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is cancer adaptation gone awry?
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

GENES ARE NOT THE MASTERS but the servants of the cell. That was the heretical word from Emmanuel Farber, MD, one of a handful of speakers at the recent 80th annual meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) in San Francisco, Calif. It emanated from a symposium entitled "The Epigenetics of Cancer," sandwiched among scores of presentations on the molecular genetics of cancer. For a better part of the decade, the prevailing wisdom of the AACR, whose membership is heavily weighted with basic investigators, has been that cancer is a genetic disease, which can be traced to a succession of DNA mutations and the influences of the resultant gene products. The epigeneticists are challenging this notion, declaring that genetic alterations alone are not sufficient to cause cancer; they need to occur in hostile extracellular environments. Their declarations have fallen on deaf ears. "Epigenetics is the stepchild of cancer
Minocycline in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Janice M.G. Canvin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 September 1995Minocycline in Rheumatoid ArthritisJanice M.G. Canvin, MD and Rajan MD. MadhokJanice M.G. Canvin, MDCentre for Rheumatic Diseases; Royal Infirmary; Glasgow, United Kingdom G31 2ERSearch for more papers by this author and Rajan MD. MadhokCentre for Rheumatic Diseases; Royal Infirmary; Glasgow, United Kingdom G31 2ERSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-5-199509010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We congratulate Tilley and colleagues [1] on their well-designed and well-executed study. Their data and analysis are frustratingly difficult to find fault with, but we found it unusual that no direct measurement of pain was included. The disease in question was obviously mild, as shown by the low erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the small percentage of seropositive patients, the few patients with erosions, and the low Health Assessment Questionnaire scores. These findings might make the study's applicability to the wider population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis somewhat limited.We agree that minocycline is safe but question the conclusion ...References1. Tilley BC, Alarcon GS, Heyse SP, Trentham DE, Neuner R, Kaplan DA, et al. Minocycline in rheumatoid arthritis. A 48-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:81-9. Google Scholar2. van der Heijde DM, van't Hof MA, van Riel PL, van Leeuwen MA, van Rijswijk MH, van de Putte, LB. Validity of single variables and composite indices for measuring disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1992; 51:177-81. Google Scholar3. Pincus T, Callahan LF, Brooks RH, Fuchs HA, Olsen NJ, Kaye JJ. Self-report questionnaire scores in rheumatid arthritis compared with traditional physical, radiographic, and laboratory measures. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 110:259-66. Google Scholar4. Cook RJ, Sackett DL. The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect. BMJ. 1995; 310:452-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Janice M.G. Canvin, MD; Rajan MD. MadhokAffiliations: Centre for Rheumatic Diseases; Royal Infirmary; Glasgow, United Kingdom G31 2ER PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 5Page: 392KeywordsDrugsErythrocyte sedimentation rateInflammationQuestionnairesRheumatoid arthritis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
August 23, 2000
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Bankole A. Johnson, MD, PhD; John D. Roache, PhD; Martin A. Javors, PhD; Carlo C. DiClemente, PhD; Claude Robert Cloninger, MD; Thomas J. Prihoda, PhD; Patrick S. Bordnick, PhD; Nassima Ait-Daoud, MD; Julie Hensler, PhD
Contraindications to immunisation.
Authors: H B Valman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

~~~~~~~~~~~~Immu ton should be postponed if an infant has any acute febrile ilness or diahoea, but a i. common cold or "snuffies" is not a contraindication. kiled vaccinesContraindications to whooping cough vaccine are: fits or abnormal cerebral signs in the neonatal period, neurological abnormalities, developmental delay, and a family history of epilepsy or other diseases of the central nervous system.A geeral or local reaction to a preceding dose suggests that the vaccine should be avoided.A family or personal history of allergy is not a contraindication. Acute infection is a contraindication to routineLocal /waCtion .^xtetanus unsation, though not in the presence of a tetanus-prone wound.When a child has *_ :* * suffered from a severe local reaction to a previous dose of adsorbed vaccine it may be preferable to administer 0.1 ml of tetanus vaccine in simple solution intradermally.Apart from acute infection there are no :contraindications to immunisation with diphthera vaccine.
Relative Potency Estimation for Synthetic Petroleum Skin Carcinogens
Authors: J. M. Holland, D. A. Wolf, B. R. Clark
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

A procedure for quantitative analysis of skin carcinogenesis data, for the purpose of establishing carcinogenic potency, has been applied to observations obtained from C3H mice exposed continuously to synthetic and natural petroleums. The importance of total polynuclear aromatic (PNA) content to the skin carcinogenic activity of the crude materials was also examined. Of three synthetic petroleums evaluated, all were shown capable of inducing skin neoplasms within a two-year exposure period. Under comparable exposure conditions a composite sample of five natural petroleums was noncarcinogenic. Comparison of the distributions of times to initial skin neoplasm versus dose rate, for groups exposed to synthetic fossil liquids and the reference skin carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene, provided estimates of relative carcinotenic potency for the synthetic petroleums ranging from 1/500 to 1/1400 the potency of benzo(a)pyrene. The carcinogenic activity of a chemically isolated PNA fraction versus the crude from which it was derived suggested that this fraction was responsible for the carcinogenic activity of these synthetic petroleums in mouse skin.
UNITED KINGDOM
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal