tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Uraemia
Authors: C. G. Parsons
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Enzymatic and histochemical abnormalities of the peripheral muscle may play a role in exercise intolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A study was undertaken to measure the mitochondrial enzyme activity of the vastus lateralis muscle in patients with COPD and to evaluate the relationship between enzyme activities and functional status. <h3>METHODS</h3> Fifty seven patients with COPD of mean (SD) age 66 (7) years with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV<sub>1</sub>) 39 (15)% predicted and peak oxygen uptake (V˙o<sub>2</sub>) of 14 (4) ml/min/kg and 15 normal subjects of similar age were included in the study. Each subject performed a stepwise exercise test up to maximal capacity during which five-breath averages of V˙o<sub>2</sub>were measured. Muscle specimens were obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy of the vastus lateralis muscle and the activity of two mitochondrial enzymes (citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HADH)) was measured. The functional status of the patients was classified according to peakV˙o<sub>2</sub>. <h3>RESULTS</h3> CS and HADH activities were markedly reduced in patients with COPD compared with normal subjects (22.3 (2.7) versus 29.5 (7.3) μmol/min/g muscle (p&lt;0.0001) and 5.1 (2.0) versus 6.7 (1.9) μmol/min/g muscle (p&lt;0.005), respectively). The activity of CS decreased progressively with the deterioration in the functional status while that of HADH was not related to functional status. Using a stepwise regression analysis, percentage predicted functional residual capacity (FRC), the activity of CS, oxygen desaturation during exercise, age, and inspiratory capacity (% pred) were found to be significant determinants of peakV˙o<sub>2</sub>. The regression model explained 59% of the variance in peak V˙o<sub>2</sub> (p&lt;0.0001). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The oxidative capacity of the vastus lateralis muscle is reduced in patients with moderate to severe COPD compared with normal subjects of similar age. In these individuals the activity of CS correlated significantly with peak exercise capacity and independently of lung function impairment.
THE POSSIBILITY OF RECOVERY FROM DIABETES UNDER INSULIN
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Judd Marmor
Authors: Judd Marmor, Marcia Goin, Robert Galatzer-Levy
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Psychiatrist who changed the view of homosexuality as a mental disorderWhen Judd Marmor's patients didn't fit the textbook theory that homosexuality was an illness, he thought perhaps the theory was wrong.In 1973, as a prominent and heterosexual psychiatrist, he became a leader in the struggle that led to the removal of the definition of homosexuality as an illness from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, changing a position it had held for nearly a century.The following year he was elected president of the association, one of many posts he held during a long career.
Missing Words
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
'Doctors Must, and Can, Cure All New TB Cases,' Says Polish Physician
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Racial and community factors influencing coronary artery bypass graft surgery rates for all 1986 Medicare patients
Authors: K. C. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —This study examines the differences in the rates of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between white and black Medicare patients. <h3>Design.</h3> —This is a cross-sectional study with data from the 1986 Health Care Financing Administration hospital claims records on all Medicare patients, the 1988 update of the Bureau of Health Professions area resource file, and the 1985 Census Bureau's county population estimates file. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Data are from all Medicare patients in the United States in 1986. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Sex- and age-adjusted CABG rates for whites and blacks over the age of 65 years were computed for each of 50 states and 305 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSAs). <h3>Results.</h3> —Nationally the CABG rate was 27.1 per 10000 for whites (40.4 for white men and 16.2 for white women), but only 7.6 for blacks (9.3 for black men and 6.4 for black women). Racial differences were greater in the Southeast, particularly in nonmetropolitan areas, than in other regions. Neither white nor black SMSA rates were associated with the rate of admission for acute myocardial infarction (an indication of the amount of coronary artery disease). White rates, but not black rates, were associated with the number of thoracic surgeons per 100 000 people. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —For patients insured by Medicare, race is strongly associated with CABG rates, and this association is greater for men than for women and greater in the Southeast than in other parts of the country. Physician supply may relate to the CABG rates for whites. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1473-1477)
Dr. Hadley's License Not Revoked.
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Home Testing of International Normalized Ratio on Clinical Events
Authors: James Cox, Lionel Willatt, Tessa Homfray, C Woods
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

notices tial for both sex and skeletal development, and various perturbations to this 1.9-Mb region give rise to a range of phenotypes. 5 The pattern of autosomal dominant sex-limited inheritance in this family with transmission by a man with a normal male phenotype appears to be unique.Although SRY is normally needed for SOX9 activation and the male phenotype, in this family a small duplication alone seemed to be sufficient to override this fundamental genetic process.Only the sex-dependent expression of SOX9 was affected, presumably through specific enhanced promoter activity.This duplication, 600 kb distant from SOX9, exemplifies the complexities of transcription-factor control and illustrates the use of human studies in understanding developmental mechanisms.
Reply
Authors: Douglas Grossman, Madeleine Duvic
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1995)

To the Editor: Dr. Stevens and colleagues propose that in some cases of ICTL associated with cutaneous inflammatory disease, the CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia may result from mass migration of cells from the circulation to the skin.We agree that the skin represents a vast potential reservoir for T cells and that a cutaneous "T-cell sink" is a reasonable explanation for decreasing peripheral cell counts in the context of worsening skin lesions.In this situation the peripheral CD4 count might not reflect the total body CD4 cell number and analysis of T-cell receptor gene rearrangements might be useful in resolving whether cutaneous CD4+ T cells are of reactive or malignant origin.In the patient with ICTL and MF we reported, however, there did not appear to be a correlation between his skin disease and peripheral CD4 count, which was 437/~1 at presentation when MF lesions involved 40% of his skin and fell to less than 40/ ~1 while his MF remained in remission after electron beam therapy.For this reason, and because in our experience most patients with MF have normal or elevated
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Endovascular thrombectomy is recommended for treatment of severe ischemic stroke caused by large-vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation.Optimal management of sedation and airway during the procedure is controversial.Schönenberger and colleagues assessed the eff ect of conscious sedation without intubation vs general anesthesia with intubation on early neurological improvement in a randomized open-label clinical trial involving 150 patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.The authors found that compared with general anesthesia, use of conscious sedation did not result in greater improvement in neurological status at 24 hours.
A cohort study of thyroid disease in relation to fallout from nuclear weapons testing
Authors: R. A. Kerber
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate individual radiation doses and current thyroid disease status for a previously identified cohort of 4818 schoolchildren potentially exposed to fallout from detonations of nuclear devices at the Nevada Test Site between 1951 and 1958. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort analytic study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Communities in southwestern Utah, southeastern Nevada, and southeastern Arizona. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Individuals who were still residing in the three-state area (n=3122) were reexamined in 1985 and 1986, and information on the subjects' and their mothers' milk and vegetable consumption during the fallout period was obtained by telephone interview (n=3545). After exclusions to eliminate missing data and confounding factors, 2473 subjects were available for analysis. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Individual radiation doses to the thyroid were estimated by combining consumption data with radionuclide deposition rates provided by the US Department of Energy and a survey of milk producers. Relative risk models adjusted for age, sex, and state were fitted using maximum likelihood to period prevalence data for thyroid carcinomas, neoplasms, and nodules. <h3>Results.</h3> —Doses ranged from 0 mGy to 4600 mGy, and averaged 170 mGy in Utah. There was a statistically significant excess of thyroid neoplasms (benign and malignant; n=19), with an increase in excess relative risk of 0.7% per milligray. A relative risk for thyroid neoplasms of 3.4 was observed among 169 subjects exposed to doses greater than 400 mGy. Positive but nonsignificant dose-response slopes were found for carcinomas and nodules. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Exposure to Nevada Test Site—generated radioiodines was associated with an excess of thyroid neoplasms. The conclusions are limited by the small number of exposed individuals and the low incidence of thyroid neoplasms. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:2076-2082)
Reply
Authors: Juan Carlos Cardet, Xiaofeng Jiang, Quan Lu, Norma Gerard, Kristen McIntire, Homer A. Boushey, Mario Castro, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Christopher D. Codispoti, Anne-Marie Dyer, Fernando Holguin, Monica Kraft, Stephen Lazarus, Robert F. Lemanske, Njira Lugogo, Dave Mauger, Wendy C. Moore, James Moy, Victor E. Ortega, Stephen P. Peters, Lewis J. Smith, Julian Solway, Christine A. Sorkness, Kaharu Sumino, Michael E. Wechsler, Sally Wenzel, Elliot Israel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2019)
Abstract 1126: Adiponectin Prevents Neointimal Hyperplasia After Vascular Injury In Adiponectin Transgenic Mice
Authors: yasutoshi omori
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Adiponectin has been reported to accumulate in the human injured artery and regulate the development of atherosclerosis, decreasing the expression of adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cells, and inhibiting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the role of adiponection after vascular injury is not fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigate whether adiponectin prevents neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury in adiponectin transgenic mice (TG). Methods: C57/BL6 mice (WT) and TG of 6 –7 week age were used. We inserted a large wire (0.38 mm in diameter) into femoral artery from distal side to proximal side to make the vascular endothelium damaged model. Mice were sacrificed at 1, 2 and 4 weeks, and non injured mice were used as control. Tissue concentration of fat and liver and serum concentration of adiponectin was measured using ELISA. Intima/ media ratio was measured in morphometrical analysis. Immunohistochemical staining of anti-adiponectin, anti-α-smooth muscle embryo (α-SMemb), anti-α-smooth muscle cell actin, von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was performed using paraffin embedded sections. Result: In immunohistochemical analysis at 1 week, α-SMemb positive cells, which were also positive for ICAM-1 were observed in WT, but were not seen in TG. Adiponectin positive cells, which were also positive for vWF were observed in the endothelial cells in TG, but were not detected in WT at 1 week, but those cells were observed in th endothelial cells in TG and WT at 2 and 4 weeks. In α-SMA staining at 4 weeks most neointimal area was stained with this anti-body in TG. On the other hand, in neointima of WT, only some area was stained with this anti-body. In morphometrical analysis, intima/media ratio was significantly smaller in TG than in WT at 1, 2 and 4 weeks. Adiponectin concentration of fat, liver and serum was significantly higher in TG than in WT in non-injured model and at 4 weeks. At 1 week liver and fat adiponectin level is significantly higher in TG than in WT, and serum adiponectin level in TG tended to be high as compared to that of WT. Conclusions: Adiponectin prevents neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury, probably through the inhibition of inflammatory reaction.
U.S.-France Cooperative Program on Basic Cancer Research
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

Journal Article U.S.-France Cooperative Program on Basic Cancer Research Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 66, Issue 3, March 1981, Page 610, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/66.3.610-c Published: 01 March 1981
Smoking, lung function, and body weight
Authors: B Nemery, N E Moavero, L Brasseur, D C Stanescu
Journal: BMJ (1983)

In a cross-sectional study of steelworkers aged 45-55 years, smokers (n= 105; mean weight 76-1 kg) were found to weigh significantly less than non-smokers (n= 54; 81 6 kg) and ex-smokers (n=51; 82-6 kg).The lower weight of smokers was attributable to a group with airflow obstruction (n=37; forced expiratory volume in one second/vital capacity (FEV1/VC) <66%), who weighed less (4-8 kg; p <0 05) than smokers with normal FEV,/VC (n--68).In smokers, but not in ex-smokers or non- smokers, body mass index and FEV1/VC ratio were closely related (r=0-34; p <0-001).This association was apparently not due to an effect of body weight on lung function.Weight loss in smokers may be the consequence of impaired lung function or reflect the effect of cigarette smoking on both the respiratory tract and metabolism in susceptible subjects.
Microcirculation
Authors: Geza de Takats
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Microcirculation, "the third force" in the cardiovascular circuit, has been ignored for many years, while spectacular advances have taken place in cardiovascular surgery. Still, if microcirculation fails, tissue nutrition is impaired and cardiovascular repair becomes futile. <h3>Functional Pathology.—</h3> Microcirculation is the function of the terminal vascular bed, the vessels having a diameter of 100μ or less. It is by no means a homogeneous apparatus, since it consists of a number of segments which do not react simultaneously or even in the same direction (Fig 1). Teleologically speaking,<sup>*</sup>the stabilization of capillary pressure is one of its main objects; adequate tissue nutrition is thus maintained. This is accomplished by autcregulation, by which one implies that there is<i>an intrinsic tendency of an organ to maintain constant blood flow, despite changes in arterial perfusion pressure</i>.<sup>1</sup>It is a mechanism for maintaining nutrient flow when arterial pressure is reduced locally or systematically,
PTU-146 The Trinity Of Gastric Emptying Scintigraphy, 13c Acetate Gastric Emptying Breath Testing, And Real Time Gastric Ultrasonography Indicates High Prevalence Of Gastric Motor Dysfunction In Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: D Nastou, E Owen, FM Jaboli, C Clayman
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Gastric motor physiology can be assessed by gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES),<sup> 13</sup>C breath testing (GEBT) and real time gastric ultrasound (GUS). The aim of this study was to evaluate how commonly these tests are abnormal in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). <h3>Methods</h3> Twenty-seven patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria for FD were enrolled in the study. All patients had a normal upper GI endoscopy and underwent standard GES using <sup>131</sup>I-technetium labelled mashed potato. On a separate day, these patients underwent a combined liquid GEBT (four hour breath test protocol using 170 ml chocolate Ensure liquid substrate + 50 mg <sup>13</sup>C-acetate) and GUS (calculating antral area at the time of ingestion and 15 min after ingestion of the GEBT liquid test meal). <h3>Results</h3> Eight of the 27 patients had one abnormal test, six had two and in five, all three tests were abnormal. In fifteen of the 27 patients with a normal GES (56%), eight had normal GEBT and GUS studies. Of the remaining seven patients, four had a normal GEBT and an abnormal GUS, two had normal GUS with an abnormal GEBT, and in one, both the GEBT and GUS were abnormal. GES was delayed in ten of the 27 patients (37%). In four of these, both GEBT and GUS were abnormal, three had delayed gastric emptying on GEBT with a normal GUS, two had delayed gastric emptying on GUS with normal GEBT, and in one patient, both GUS and GEBT were normal. GES was abnormally rapid in two patients (7%). In one patient, both GEBT and GUS indicated rapid gastric emptying and in the other, GUS revealed rapid gastric emptying with a normal GEBT. Assuming GES as the gold standard for diagnosing abnormal gastric emptying, GUS has a sensitivity and specificity for detecting a motor disorder of 66% and GEBT has a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 80%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this group of FD patients, 70% had at least one abnormal test of gastric motor function. Whilst GES is regarded as the gold standard test, in seven patients with normal GES, the GEBT, GUS, or both, were abnormal. This discrepancy might reflect the day-to-day variability of gastric motor function testing or that each investigation measures a different component of gastric motor physiology. We conclude that in FD, adding GEBT and GUS to GES substantially increases the positive diagnostic yield and the heterogeneous patterns might indicate a variety of FD subtypes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Cataract
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer which most commonly occurs on the head and neck. A limited number of cases of MCC of the hand have been reported in the English literature. We describe a case of MCC of the hand in a man in his late 60s. The lesion presented on the dorsum of the left fifth digit, with metastasis to the left axillary lymph nodes. The primary lesion grew rapidly over a span of 3 months. The patient was treated with two courses of neoadjuvant nivolumab, amputation of the digit and left axillary lymph node resection followed by radiotherapy to the left hand and left axilla. He continues to follow-up for radiotherapy treatment 3 months postoperatively.