tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent incidence, time course, and consequences of thymic renewal in adults
Authors: Frances T. Hakim, Sarfraz A. Memon, Rosemarie Cepeda, Elizabeth C. Jones, Catherine K. Chow, Claude Kasten-Sportes, Jeanne Odom, Barbara A. Vance, Barbara L. Christensen, Crystal L. Mackall, Ronald E. Gress
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Homeostatic regulation of T cells involves an ongoing balance of new T cell generation, peripheral expansion, and turnover. The recovery of T cells when this balance is disrupted provides insight into the mechanisms that govern homeostasis. In a long-term, single cohort study, we assessed the role of thymic function after autologous transplant in adults, correlating serial computed tomography imaging of thymic size with concurrent measurements of peripheral CD4(+) T cell populations. We established the age-dependent incidence, time course, and duration of thymic enlargement in adults and demonstrated that these changes were correlated with peripheral recovery of naive CD45RA(+)CD62L(+) and signal-joint TCR rearrangement excision circle-bearing CD4(+) populations with broad TCR diversity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that renewed thymopoiesis was critical for the restoration of peripheral CD4(+) T cell populations. This recovery encompassed the recovery of normal CD4(+) T cell numbers, a low ratio of effector to central memory cells, and a broad repertoire of TCR Vbeta diversity among these memory cells. These data define the timeline and consequences of renewal of adult thymopoietic activity at levels able to quantitatively restore peripheral T cell populations. They further suggest that structural thymic regrowth serves as a basis for the regeneration of peripheral T cell populations.
Ethics, economics, and the publication policies of major medical journals
Authors: K. Schulman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate aspects of the publication process that may affect the quality of the literature in clinical economics and biomedical ethics, and to learn about the policies of medical journals regarding disclosure of relationships between investigators and research sponsors. <h3>Design.</h3> —Mail survey. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Editors in chief of 15 major medical journals. <h3>Results.</h3> —Twelve editors responded to the survey. Ten reported having statisticians among their editors, while only two had health economists and none had ethicists. Clinicians in the specialty field were almost always the primary reviewers of submissions, while methodologists (statisticians, health economists, or ethicists) were involved less frequently. Journals reported little knowledge of the training of their reviewers in these fields. While nine journals requested disclosure of the financial relationship between author and sponsor, only one inquired whether the sponsor's written approval was required prior to manuscript submission, and only one knew whether there was an independent steering committee for the study. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These findings suggest that the peer review process can be strengthened to improve the quality of the medical literature in clinical economics and biomedical ethics. Journal editors also need to better understand the terms of research sponsorship agreements. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:154-156)
THE DEFINITION OF THE "PRACTICE OF MEDICINE."
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The China
Authors: Patricia Anne Ver Ellen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Sulfonamides
Authors: Louis Weinstein, Morton A. Madoff, Charles M. Samet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

Use of Sulfonamides for ProphylaxisThe effectiveness of penicillin and other antibiotics in preventing certain bacterial infections has decreased but not eliminated the use of sulfonamides for chemoprophylaxis. In some situations these agents serve as satisfactory substitutes for other antimicrobial compounds and may, indeed, be preferable. The broad limitations to their use for this purpose are the same as those to other antibacterial drugs.101 Their activity in this respect is usually greatest when the disease to be prevented is caused by a specific susceptible organism; they are of no benefit when given for the purpose of preventing infections of any . . .
Potential Risk for Lead Exposure in Dental Offices
Journal: JAMA (2001)

In December 2000, the Washington State Health Department discovered white powder that was found to be lead oxide in boxes used to store dental intraoral radiograph film. The Washington State Health Department alerted state health departments throughout the United States. Subsequently, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health (WDPH) conducted an investigation of dental offices in the state. This report summarizes the investigation, which indicated that similar storage boxes are used in Wisconsin. The findings indicate that patients are at risk for exposure to a substantial amount of lead during a dental radiograph procedure if the office stores dental film in these boxes.
Cardiogenic Shock
Authors: Steven J. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1978)

INTRA-AORTIC balloon pumping has become an accepted mode of threapy for treatment of complicated myocardial infarction.<sup>1,2</sup>A percentage of patients who would benefit from intra-aortic balloon pumping cannot have the procedure applied by way of the femoral artery because of severe arteriosclerotic occlusive disease. This can prevent passage of the balloon or result in complications of insertion.<sup>3-5</sup>A small group of patients in whom intra-aortic balloon pump can be applied experiences varying degrees of ischemic neuropathy in the leg in which the balloon was inserted. This occurs because subluminal occlusion of the balloon catheter in the femoral artery reduces the flow through that leg. A pulsatile assist device (PAD) was used for diastolic augmentation in a patient in whom an intra-aortic balloon pump could not be inserted.<sup>6,7</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 69-year-old man was transferred from another hospital to Mercy Hospital, Des Moines, Iowa, for intra-aortic
Descriptive Error
Authors: Monica Lopez, David Wesson
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

In Reply We thank Minneci and Deans for their comment on our Editorial.We agree that the two 2017 meta-analyses of nonoperative treatment of pediatric appendicitis indeed have demonstrated the feasibility and initial success of this approach.While Huang et al 1 did not report a pooled estimate for risk of treatment failure at 1 year, Georgiou et al 2 found an overall nonoperative treatment efficacy of 82% at final reported follow-up, with both studies yielding similar histopathological appendicitis recurrence rates of 14% to 16%. 1,2In comparison, two 2017 meta-analyses of adult data, demonstrated an overall treatment effectiveness at 1 year of 64% 3 and 73%, 4 with Harnoss et al 4 reporting a complication-free treatment success for nonoperative treatment at 1 year of 68% vs 90% for the operative treatment. 4he conclusions drawn from the pediatric meta-analyses published to date generate consensus that nonoperative treatment is "feasible and effective," albeit a higher risk for treatment failure compared with appendectomy, especially in the setting of acute appendicitis with appendicolith, 1 and that further evaluation by means of large randomized trials is needed with regard to longer-term clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness. 2 In fact, Georgiou et al 2 recommend that nonoperative treatment of children with acute uncomplicated appendicitis "be reserved for those participating in carefully designed research studies."We regret that Minneci and Deans have focused their contention on only 1 aspect of our conclusion in which we state that "nonoperative treatment remains an experimental proposition meriting ongoing consideration as a treatment strategy" for this condition and that "this therapeutic option should only be offered to pediatric patients under protocol in the setting of a clinical trial." 5 We stand by our recommendation that future studies should have attention "to longer follow-up and patient-centered outcomes, cost utility, and shared decision making." 5 This last area is essential as we attempt to understand how to align patients' wishes, values, and their particular circumstances with their treatment plan.We commend Minneci and Deans on their ongoing work with preference-based trials and look forward to their long-term results.Their findings will provide critical information as we build a repository of evidence addressing all the previously mentioned categories so that we can provide patients' families complete information to aid in their decision making.In spite of ongoing debates as to what the best study design is to establish superiority and to balance internal vs external validity, the current available evidence does not support routine nonoperative treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in general practice.As to how many studies will be enough?We offer that more are needed in number, higher quality, and generalizability before we can widely adopt the nonoperative approach as routine treatment for acute appendicitis in children.
Hospital-based pneumococcal immunization. Epidemiologic rationale from the Shenandoah study
Authors: D. S. Fedson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To explore the potential usefulness of a strategy of hospital-based pneumococcal immunization, we studied a population-based linked record of hospital discharges for Medicare enrollees living in the Shenandoah region of Virginia. A retrospective study of 1633 persons discharged with pneumonia in 1983 showed that 61% to 62% had been discharged within the previous 4 years. Among these patients, 87% had had one or more high-risk conditions recognized during previous hospital admissions. A cohort study demonstrated that discharged patients had a 6% to 9% probability of readmission with pneumonia within 5 years. Each such readmission could be prevented by immunizing few (approximately 100) discharged patients with pneumococcal vaccine. Furthermore, the costs of vaccination would be approximately one-third the costs of hospital care for unvaccinated discharged patients readmitted with pneumonia. These results provide an epidemiologic rationale for current recommendations that elderly patients discharged from hospitals should be immunized with pneumococcal vaccine. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1117-1122)
Cholangiocarcinoma Stem-Like Subset Shapes Tumor-Initiating Niche by Educating Associated Macrophages
Authors: C. Raggi, M. Correnti, A. Sica, J.B. Andersen, V. Cardinale, D. Alvaro, G. Chiorino, S.G. Glaser, G. Alpini, F. Sozio, L. Di Tommaso, M. Roncalli, G. Torzilli, P. Invernizzi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2016)
National Health Service
Authors: R. P. Hendry
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Spiral fMRI has been put forward as a viable alternative to rectilinear echo-planar imaging, in particular due to its enhanced average k-space speed and thus high acquisition efficiency. This renders spirals attractive for contemporary fMRI applications that require high spatiotemporal resolution, such as laminar or columnar fMRI. However, in practice, spiral fMRI is typically hampered by its reduced robustness and ensuing blurring artifacts, which arise from imperfections in both static and dynamic magnetic fields. Recently, these limitations have been overcome by the concerted application of an expanded signal model that accounts for such field imperfections, and its inversion by iterative image reconstruction. In the challenging ultra-high field environment of 7 Tesla, where field inhomogeneity effects are aggravated, both multi-shot and single-shot 2D spiral imaging at sub-millimeter resolution was demonstrated with high depiction quality and anatomical congruency. In this work, we further these advances towards a time series application of spiral readouts, namely, single-shot spiral BOLD fMRI at 0.8 mm in-plane resolution. We demonstrate that high-resolution spiral fMRI at 7 T is not only feasible, but delivers both excellent image quality, BOLD sensitivity, and spatial specificity of the activation maps, with little artifactual blurring. Furthermore, we show the versatility of the approach with a combined in/out spiral readout at a more typical resolution (1.5 mm), where the high acquisition efficiency allows to acquire two images per shot for improved sensitivity by echo combination. <h3>Highlights</h3> This work reports the first fMRI study at 7T with high-resolution spiral readout gradient waveforms. We achieve spiral fMRI with sub-millimeter resolution (0.8 mm, FOV 230 mm), acquired in a single shot (36 slices in 3.3 s). Spiral images exhibit intrinsic geometric congruency to anatomical scans, and spatially specific activation patterns. Image reconstruction rests on a signal model expanded by measured trajectories and static field maps, inverted by cg-SENSE. We assess generalizability of the approach for spiral in/out readouts, providing two images per shot (1.5 mm resolution).
What Happened to Lithium? Antidepressant Augmentation in Clinical Settings
Authors: Marcia Valenstein, John F McCarthy, Karen L Austin, John F Greden, Elizabeth A Young, Frederic C Blow
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Antidepressant augmentation is recommended when patients do not respond to antidepressant monotherapy. However, little is know about antidepressant augmentation in clinical settings and whether these practices reflect the research evidence. Method: The authors identified 244,859 patients in Veterans Administration mental health settings with a diagnosis of depression and an antidepressant prescription during fiscal year 2002. Patients with schizophrenia, dementia, or bipolar I disorder were excluded. The authors examined the prevalence and characteristics of antidepressant augmentation during the year, defined as receiving an antidepressant and an augmenting agent (lithium, second-generation antipsychotics, combinations of antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or "other") for ≥60 consecutive days in specified doses for those without other clinical indications. Mixed-effect models were used to examine predictors of augmentation. Results: Some patients (22%) received an augmenting agent. The most commonly used agents were a second antidepressant (11%) and a second-generation antipsychotic (7%). Only 0.5% of the patients received lithium. Whites, younger patients, and those with a prior hospitalization were more likely to receive augmentation. African Americans were more likely to receive antipsychotic augmentation; whites were more likely to receive lithium. Conclusions: Antidepressant augmentation is common in clinical settings. Although lithium currently has the most research support, antipsychotic medications and a second antidepressant are the most widely used augmenting agents. Many augmenting agents are used across clinical and demographic groups. Research is needed on the relative effectiveness of these agents, along with efforts to promote the use of agents with the greatest level of research support.
Deletion of XBP1 in liver parenchymal cells ameliorates acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity via activation of IRE1alpha-JNK1-ATG5-dependent autophagy
Authors: Hui Ye, Kang Zheng, Yulia Nevzorova, Beatriz Martin, Leonard J Nelson, Manuel Gómez del Moral, Iris Asensio, Javier Vaquero, Rafael Bañares, Eduardo Martínez-Naves, Francisco Javier Cubero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Errors in the Table
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2021)

Ula Hwang, MD, MPH; Scott M. Dresden, MD, MS; Carmen Vargas-Torres, MA; Raymond Kang, MA; Melissa M. Garrido, PhD; George Loo, DrPh; Jeremy Sze, MA; Daniel Cruz, BS; Lynne D. Richardson, MD; James Adams, MD; Amer Aldeen, MD; Kevin M. Baumlin, MD; D. Mark Courtney, MD, MSc; Stephanie Gravenor, MBA; Corita R. Grudzen, MD, MSHS; Gloria Nimo, RN, NP; Carolyn W. Zhu, PhD; Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations in Care Through Workforce, Informatics, and Structural Enhancement (GEDI WISE) Investigators; Gallane Abraham; Cindy Amoko; Nicholas Genes; Barbara Morano; Denise Nassisi; Joanna M. Ortiz; Laura Rivera-Reyes; Martine Sanon; Jason Shapiro; Gary Winkel; Sanjeev Malik; Mark S. Rosenberg; Maria Christensen; Marianna Karounos; Richard Schultz; Debra Sumberg
ABSTRACTS, A VALUABLE FEATURE.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lederle Solution Liver Extract Parenteral Refined and Concentrated
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The history of infectious mononucleosis, as a subject of medical writing, is an interesting and illuminating study; I recommend it to any clinician or researcher who may at any future time be tempted to contribute to the medical literature on this topic. It is now 40 years since the development of the heterophil agglutination test led to the formulation of the classic triad of clinical, hematologic, and serologic criteria for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. It was postulated then, and the succeeding years have afforded abundant proof, that none of these criteria is by itself pathognomonic. The clinical picture of infectious mononucleosis is readily confused with that of toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus disease, infectious hepatitis, and some of the enteroviral syndromes. Absolute and relative lymphocytosis, with atypical cells, may occur in malaria, infectious hepatitis, and various malignancies of the hematopoietic-reticuloendothelial system. Atypical cells without lymphocytosis have no diagnostic value
Prednisone-responsive congenital erythroid hypoplasia
Authors: G. E. Zito
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A 24-year-old woman had congenital hypoplastic anemia (Blackfan-Diamond syndrome). Anemia was discovered at the age of 12 months and persisted thereafter. The patient had associated congenital abnormalities of urethral stricture, hypoplastic thumb, and absent radial pulse. Her erythroid hypoplasia responded favorably to treatment with prednisone. (<i>JAMA</i>237:991-992, 1977)
TO THE OTHER 6,000
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal