tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P210: Calcified Atherosclerotic Plaque and All Cause Mortality in Diabetes: Diabetes Heart Study
Authors: Subhashish Agarwal, David M Herrington, Amanda J Cox, Neal Jorgensen, Jianzhao Xu, John J Carr, Barry I Freedman, Donald W Bowden
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction Coronary artery calcium (CAC), a measure of atherosclerosis predicts mortality in both diabetes and the general population. The incremental utility of measuring atherosclerosis across multiple vascular beds beyond CAC for the prediction of mortality has not been reported. In this study we derived a composite atherosclerosis score (CAS) from multiple vascular beds and compared it with CAC in predicting all-cause mortality. We hypothesized that this composite score will be significantly better than CAC in predicting mortality. Methods A total of 803 participants, ages 39–86, with complete data on diabetes and vascular imaging in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) were followed for an average of 7.4 years. Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed at baseline to obtain measures of carotid (CAAC), coronary (CAC) and abdominal aorta (AAC) Agatston scores. A principal component analysis using studentized residuals of log transformed (CAAC+1), (CAC+1), and (AAC+1) adjusting for age, race, and gender was performed. We selected the first principal component as the CAS. Seven-year risk estimates for mortality were obtained using logistic regression models. Model 1 included age, gender, smoking, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and ethnicity and CAS. Model 2 included these risk factors plus CAC. We compared the estimation of mortality in Model 1 with CAS vs. Model 2 with CAC using chi-square values. Results Overall, 14% (116/803) of participants died during follow-up. CAS explained 70% of the variance, (eigenvalue of 2.1 with loading, CAAC, 0.57; CAC, 0.57; and AAC, 0.59). After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds ratio (95% CI) of all-cause mortality for 1-standard deviation (SD) increment was 2.12 (1.64–2.78) for CAS and 2.38 (1.77–3.35) for CAC. The area under the curve (chi-square value) with CAS or CAC to predict mortality was 0.76 (36) vs 0.76 (37) respectively. Conclusion Subclinical atherosclerosis, as measured by CT determined calcified plaque burden has increasing evidence supporting its role as a tool to stratify future risk for mortality. Here we demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy between CAS and CAC are comparable and the predictive value of CAC alone for mortality is not further enhanced by inclusion of calcified plaque burden in carotid or abdominal aortic territories.
Measuring the Impact of Medical Research: Moving From Outputs to Outcomes
Authors: Anthony Weiss
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Billions of dollars are spent every year to support medical research, with a substantial percentage coming from charitable foundations. To justify these expenditures, some measure of the return on investment would be useful, particularly one aligned with the intended ultimate outcome of this scientific effort: the amelioration of disease. The current mode of reporting on the success of medical research is output based, with an emphasis on measurable productivity. This approach falls short in many respects and may be contributing to the well-described efficacy-effectiveness gap in clinical care. The author argues for an outcomes-based approach and describes the steps involved, using an adaptation of the logic model. A shift in focus to the outcomes of our work would provide our funders with clearer mission-central return-on-investment feedback, would make explicit the benefits of science to an increasingly skeptical public, and would serve as a compass to guide the scientific community in playing a more prominent role in reducing the efficacy-effectiveness gap. While acknowledging the enormous complexity involved with the implementation of this approach on a large scale, the author hopes that this essay will encourage some initial steps toward this aim and stimulate further discussion of this concept.
Where have all the doctors gone?
Authors: J. P. Newhouse
Journal: JAMA (1982)

As the supply of physicians grew during the 1970s, medical and surgical specialists diffused into smaller communities. In 1979, nearly every town with a population of more than 2,500 had ready access to a physician. The overall pattern of physician distribution was quite similar in the four disparate geographic regions chosen for study. The data strongly suggest that competitive forces play a major role in determining where physicians choose to practice. As the pool of physicians expands during the 1980s, a wide range of services will become increasingly available to populations outside metropolitan areas. The methods developed here provide an important tool for evaluating and shaping health manpower policy. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2392-2396)
Scientists discover a gene involved in diabetes and obesity
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Reducing cholesterol and blood pressure, as well as smoking cessation, have been shown to be effective strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases. 13][4] Additional factors may have a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and new preventive strategies may be of use.In this article we briefly review the use of antioxidants, the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and homocysteine lowering; other "emerging" cardiovascular risk factors and potential preventive strategies that are under investigation are summarised in table 1.
Demographic Variation in Cancer in Relation to Industrial and Environmental Influence
Authors: Eleanor J. MacDonald
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Mortality data (183,064 deaths in a 30-year period, 1940-1969) by sex and three ethnic groups (white excluding Spanish-surnamed, nonwhite, and Spanish-surnamed) in 15 regions within the city (Houston), grouped around the air pollution sample collection stations have been analyzed. Valid contrast studies were possible in only one region within the city for all three groups and in six regions for white excluding Spanish-surnamed and nonwhite. There is evidence that the environmental factors of exposure over time to air and industrial pollutants in Houston has had a demonstrable effect in increasing regional mortality from cancer of the respiratory tract as well as from all other diseases and conditions of the respiratory tract and heart disease. This study points out the need for mutually sustained collaboration of effort of the scientific and industrial communities to redirect their attention and research efforts to the exploration of the carcinogenic potential of the microchemical environment.
Clinical Notes
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JAMA Neurology
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2015)

The mission of JAMA Neurology is to publish scientifi c information primarily important for those physicians caring for people with neurologic disorders but also for those interested in the structure and function of the normal and diseased nervous system.These specifi c aims are (1) to make timely publication of original research of the nervous system, (2) to record observations of single patients or groups of patients that will provide new information and insights,(3) to report more basic research that is pertinent to the understanding of disease, (4) to introduce topics of practice, ethics, teaching, and history that are useful, (5) to provide a forum for discussion on topics that may be controversial in this field.This information will be published only after extensive peer review so that originality, clarity, and precision are ensured.
AMA grams
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Blood Flowmeters
Authors: John M. Moran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

MOST of the present knowledge of blood flow in man has come from such indirect methods as the Fick and dye-dilution technics for measurement of cardiac output. Regional flow to the liver, kidneys and brain has been determined by similarly indirect means with the use of selectively excreted indicators or inert gases. Recently, the application of more direct methods of flow measurement, such as the flowmeter used on surgically exposed blood vessels, has attracted much interest and supplied some new information. This review will deal with these "direct" methods, most of which are flow-velocity-sensing devices.No method of flow measurement . . .
Heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression in chronic cholestatic human liver diseases
Authors: T Roskams, J Rosenbaum, R De Vos, G David, V Desmet
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The mechanism of bile ductular reaction and accompanying fibrogenesis depends on interactions of ductular cells with the matrix and growth factors. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are essential cofactors in cell–matrix adhesion processes, in cell–cell recognition systems, and in receptor–growth factor interactions. We used monoclonal antibodies specific for the cell surface HSPGs (syndecans, glypican), for matrix HSPG (perlecan), and for heparan sulfate carbohydrate (HS) to investigate their immunohistochemical expression in 20 specimens with chronic cholestatic liver disease and in five normal human liver specimens. Because activated hepatic stellate cells HSC are a major source of fibrosis in the liver, we also examined HSPG expression in primary cultures of human activated HSC using immunocytochemistry and Western blotting and for syndecan–1 also Northern blotting. In comparison with bile ductular cells of normal liver, reactive ductules in chronic cholestasis were marked by an elevated expression of syndecan–1, surrounded by an increased perlecan expression. In acinar zone 1, large stimulated macrophages and HSC, present in increased numbers, were strongly positive for syndecan–3. Cultured HSC showed a membranous staining pattern for syndecan–1, syndecan–3, and heparan sulfate, and in addition intracellular staining for syndecan–2, –3, and 4. Perlecan immunoreactivity was detected as intercellular strings. Western blotting revealed positive bands with all antibodies and Northern blotting for syndecan–1 was also positive. These results show that cultured human HSC can synthesize all four syndecans, glypican, and perlecan. These data reveal changes in the expression of syndecan–1, syndecan–3, and perlecan in human chronic cholestatic liver disease, that may be important in the deposition of matrix components and activation of growth factors that support ductular reaction and accompanying fibrogenesis.
Chest mass in a patient with gastric cancer
Authors: R. B. Bridenbaugh
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A 71-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for gastric surgery. The preoperative diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach had previously been established by upper gastrointestinal tract examination followed by gastroscopy and biopsy. <h3>History</h3> The patient, in excellent health all her life, had an abdominal hysterectomy 25 years previously. Physical examination revealed no significant abnormality. An isotopic scan of the liver was normal. A chest roentgenogram demonstrated a mass in the posterior costophrenic angle on the right (Figs 1 and 2). Review of a chest film obtained six years previously showed no abnormality at that time. The characteristics of the mass were those of an extrapulmonic lesion. After evaluating the possibilities of a posterior mediastinal lesion, a diagnosis was made and presumptively confirmed by computed tomography (CT). <h3>Diagnosis</h3> Bochdalek's diaphragmatic hernia. The mass was considered to be extrapulmonic because of the stripelike areas of decreased density along the convexity of
Surreptitious self-administration of heparin
Authors: C. M. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Initial coagulation studies performed on a patient with an apparently spontaneous hemorrhagic diathesis revealed only mild abnormalities, which rapidly cleared without therapy. When bleeding recurred, a second series of coagulation studies revealed a circulating anticoagulant which was neutralized by protamine sulfate. Subsequently the patient admitted to surreptitious selfadministration of large doses of heparin sodium.
Patients in the news.
Journal: BMJ (1969)

than conventional treatment.In terminal renal disease' and perhaps some hepatic disorders5 transplantation offers the patient a prospect of a life of improved quality and length.In diabetes mellitus, however, conventional treatment pro- duces an acceptable control of carbohydrate metabolism; so that, until a method of immunosuppression is developed which is safe and selective, pancreatic transplantation in man seems hard to justify.
Genetic variants do not predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies including caucasian compensated HBV cirrhotics treated with NUC for 10 years
Authors: Enrico Galmozzi, Alessandro Loglio, Floriana Facchetti, Massimo Iavarone, Marta Borghi, Mauro Viganò, Riccardo Perbellini, Maria Grazia Rumi, Angelo Sangiovanni, Pietro Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Axillary vs Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection for Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Merdan Fayda
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Manual of Cardiac Arrhythmias
Journal: Thorax (1987)

We are also concerned about the lymph node sections that the authors had available for study from a series going back to 1949 and not collected specifically to display the lymph nodes.It is crucial to look for changes in and around the appropriate node or nodes when progressive massive fibrosis or secondary foci are confined to one area of the lung (as we illustrated in our paper), and this does not appear to have been considered in the Australian study.In our study we were aware that histological assessments were "under- estimating" changes in and around lymph nodes because of the difficulty of obtaining sufficient sections (for example, to include a branch of the pulmonary artery), and it is likely that this was also a problem in the study of Drs Leigh and Wiles.We agree that dust exposure (however estimated) is an important factor associated with progressive massive fibrosis and this has been demonstrated repeatedly.Yet dust exposure is not the only factor concerned and some men seem more "susceptible" than others.Our paper suggested a mechanism for the production of progressive massive fibrosis in individual men.We feel that careful prospective studies are now required to examine this hypothesis further.
JAMA Internal Medicine
Authors: Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Brenda Gregoline, Lauren Fischer, John Mcfadden, Karen Boyd, Rochelle Lodder, Sam Wilder, Diane Cannon, Connie Manno, Fred Marshall, Laura Copyreaders, Catherine Adamczyk, Stephanie Alden, Jan Beckmeyer, Mary Clavey, Paula Coerver-Connolly, Roya Glitman, Laura Khatiblou, Donna King, Caroline Thordsen, Wanda Assistant, Larry Bryant, Monica Mungle, Elaine Williams, Lenette Gardner-Gullens, Fanny Brown, Paul Frank, Peter Kim, Rachell Lozano, Michaela Mark, Kathryn Scientifi, Michael Berkwits, Michelle Kurzynski, Eric Butkus, Will English, Craig Mccaff Rey, Reuben Rios, Ronna Henry, Joshua Bird, Karen Bucher, Samantha Welker, David Song, Deputy Livingston, Thomas Cole, Marla Hall, Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis, Joseph Thornton, Preeti Malani, Deanna Bellandi, Jim Periodical, Thomas Easley, Brian Shields, Monica Smith, Jeff Ery, J Bonistalli, Kathy Russell, Mirna Monal, Stacey Mchugh, Tim Melroy, Marketing Thornbury, Tricia Castellano Classifi, Thalia Moss, Mike Harvey, Susan Henning, Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian Mccartney, David Baum, Rebecca Haas, Christine Hearne, Irma Lara, Ron Marketing, Paul Gee, Matt Herron, Elizabeth Solaro, Geoff Rey, Rick Bell, Lindsay Dawson, Michael Mcgraw, Romando Rossini, Stacy Staff, Millette Jackson-Bates, Karen Adams-Taylor, Karl Elvin, Jaye Mize, Sean O'donnell, Sue Managers, David Antos, Chris Borden, Debbie Camp, Lydia Cruz, Scott Curl, Diane Darnell, Colleen Kelly, Chris Meyer, Annemarie Neff, J Neff, Sean Ohlson, Phil O'leary, Bill Pedone, Susan Price, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Advertising, Production Services, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Timothy Burke, Daniel Degroot, Jordynn Farrar, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Dexter Golden, Erin Hinchcliff, Maria Nienhaus, Noemi Rivera, Geneine Van, Someren Composition, New Media, Gail Barrett, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Teri Hutchison, Mary Kuranda, Joshua Lampinen, Nathan Mitre, Patricia Panek, La Son, Diggs Sledge, George Thomson Graphics, Joe Amft, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Daniel James, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, James Madara, Bernard Hengesbaugh, Zachary Goldberger, Nora Goldschlager, San Francisco, Gregory Marcus, Elsayed Soliman, Carolina Cme, Jeff Rey Tabas, Fiona Clement, Rebecca Larson, Deborah Grady, Howard Bauchner, Rita Redberg, Rosemary Gibson, Shannon Brownlee, Tanner Caverly, Ann Arbor, Brandon Combs, Christopher Moriates, Neel Shah, Robert Steinbrook, New Haven, James Colbert, David Brown, St Louis, Lara Goitein, Santa Fe, New Mexico, Chi-Yuan Hsu, Grace Lin, Mary Mcdermott, C Noel, Bairey Merz, Los Angeles, Samia California, Judith Mora, Kathryn Prochaska, Mary Rexrode, New Tinetti, Nicolas Rodondi, Iona Heath, Mitchell Katz, Patrick California, John Boscardin, John Neuhaus, Kenneth Covinsky, Joseph Ross, Blake Charlton, Rachel Stern, Charlotte Dudley, Kate Denevan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)
Identification and Referral of Families at High Risk for Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: Kevin M. Sweet, Terry L. Bradley, Judith A. Westman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Obtainment of family history and accurate assessment is essential for the identification of families at risk for hereditary cancer. Our study compared the extent to which the family cancer history in the physician medical record reflected that entered by patients directly into a touch-screen family history computer program. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 362 patients seen at a comprehensive cancer center ambulatory clinic over a 1-year period who voluntarily used the computer program and were a mixture of new and return patients. The computer entry was assessed by genetics staff and then compared with the medical record for corroboration of family history information and appropriate physician risk assessment. RESULTS: Family history information from the medical record was available for comparison to the computer entry in 69%. It was most often completed on new patients only and not routinely updated. Of the 362 computer entries, 101 were assigned to a high-risk category. Evidence in the records confirmed 69 high-risk individuals. Documentation of physician risk assessment (ie, notation of significant family cancer history or hereditary risk) was found in only 14 of the high-risk charts. Only seven high-risk individuals (6.9%) had evidence of referral for genetic consultation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the need to collect family history information on all new and established patients in order to perform adequate cancer risk assessment. The lack of identification of patients at highest risk seems to be directly correlated with insufficient data collection, risk assessment, and documentation by medical staff.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Inheritance of Fibrocystic Disease of Pancreas Q.-A woman has had one child who died of fibrocystic disease of the pancreas and another who was diagnosed as also suffering from this condition but is now well.What is the likelihood of other children having fibrocystic disease ?A.-Patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas are homozygous for an autosomal recessive gene.The likelihood of any sub- sequent child having the disease is 1 in 4.