tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inquiry into the Modus Operandi of Therapeutic Agents
Authors: R. H. Powell
Journal: BMJ (1852)

REMEDIAL agents influencing the excretions hold, perhaps, the most important place in the entire field of therapeutics, as morbid action, especially slight functional derangement, mostly arises from the reten- tion of some effete matter, or from the presence of some extraneous toxic agent in the circulation.During the incomplete combustion effected in the system, water, carbonic acid, and urea, are not directly formed; but the morbific elements enter into intermediate combinations more or less nearly approaching them in degree of oxidation, according to the comparative perfection or integrity of the functional power of the organism; more or less disorder occurring from imperfect elimination.The presence or absence of these agents in the urine would seem to depend upon the degree of solubility of the compounds formed in their transit through the system.Salts of silver, and others, are extreted by the skin; those of less solubility, or those forming insoluble com- pounds with the alblminous constituents, are probably ejected with the bile in the faeces.Saline diuretics seems to act in two ways; first, by causing increased repletion and tension of the capillaries, generally and locally, coupled with diminished retentive power in their walls for the displacing saline fluid; and, secondly, by a solvent effect upon effete tissues.In the action of those of the first class, or purely physical diuretices, the constriction ensuing, together with the lessened absorbing func- tion, effects the diuretic operation.Amongst the latter, or chemical diuretics, nitrate of potass deserves special notice.It would seem to exert a solvent effect on tissues of low vitality, though in a less degree than alkaine carbonates; the textures more rapidly being metamorphosed, and thus rendered soluble in the blood, and re- moveable by the glandular apparatus.The principal action, however, of nitre seems to be exerted locally on the kidneys.This salt, in common with other neutral salts, exercises a liquifying power upon the blood, preventive of the coagulation of its fibrin, which is pro- bably held dissolved, in part, through the agency of the saline con- stituents.We have thus a clue to the modus operandi of nitre in rheumatism and other phlegmasie.The sulphate of bebeene, accord- ing to Dr. Golding Bird's researches, (who has very ably worked out this department of science,) powerfully influences the excretion of effete or superfluous matters from the circulation; the extractive mat- ters in the urine being considerably increased under its use.Salts of mineral acids, in small doses, appear to exert a preservative power over the blood-corpuscles; salts of soda being more effective than pot- ass salts.Schmidt, however, found that in the fluid of the corpuscles of the blood, salts of potass predominated; while, in the plasma, salts of soda existed in greater relative amount.Mineral acids seldom or never enter the circulation, as such, but, after exciting a local action more or less astringent, are converted into salts, and present new pro- on 23 July
PREDISPOSING INFLUENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immune response to cyclin B1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: G Covini
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Proteins expressed by plasmids encoding human cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) were used as antigens in immunoblotting. Fifteen of 100 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were found to have autoantibodies reactive with cyclin B1 and with a 40-kd degradation product of cyclin B1-glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion protein. Only one serum was found to react with cyclin A and another single serum with CDK2 but no antibodies were detected to cyclin D1 and E. The basis for autoimmune responses to cyclin B1 in HCC are unknown at the present time but the possibilities might include aberrations in cyclin B1 regulation leading to altered product or its expression which resulted in stimulation of immune reactions.
Polyp detection is improved by megapixel white light high resolution colonoscopy in the UK national bowel cancer screening program
Authors: M. Banks, R. Haidry, L. Whitley, J. Stein, L. Langmead, S. Bloom, A. O'Bichere, S. McCartney, K. Basherdas, M. Rodriguez-Gusto, L. Lovat
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Detection of CRC at an early stage, as well as detection and removal of polyps is likely to decrease mortality from the disease. Colonoscopy is established as the gold standard for identification of CRC and polyps and accuracy of the procedure is therefore very important. The UK bowel cancer screening program has been established to reduce deaths from CRC using colonoscopy for patients screened positive by faecal occult blood tests. The authors aim to investigate whether there were differences in performance between standard high resolution colonoscopy system (Olympus Lucera) with a megapixel high resolution system (PentaxHiLine) in the National UK Bowel Cancer Screening Program and in particular polyp detection rates. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients undergoing colonoscopy in the bowel cancer screening program at University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust between August and November 2009 were included in this prospective study. Bowel cancer screening colonoscopies are performed in our unit with the Olympus Lucera series colonoscopes (CF-Q260DL colonoscopes and CLV 260-SL processor) but during the study period, one screening list was performed with Pentax HiLine colonoscopes (EC-3890i). A specialist bowel cancer screening nurse collected data on completeness of insertion to caecum or terminal ileum, duration of insertion and withdrawal of colonoscope and total length of procedure in real time. In addition the nurse noted the amount of sedation used, the level of conscious sedation (awake, drowsy, asleep) and degree of discomfort suffered by the patient during the procedure (minimal, mild, moderate, severe using nurse evaluated score in line with the National Bowel Cancer Screening standards). <h3>Results</h3> Data was collected for 269 procedures performed by 5 colonoscopists over 3 months. Adenoma detection rate was significantly higher in the Pentax group (median 1 vs 0 for Olympus, χ<sup>2</sup> test for trend p=0.01). Most extra polyps detected were flat or sessile adenomas with low grade dysplasia. There were no differences in procedure duration, caecal intubation rates, level of consciousness or sedation use. Mild discomfort was more common in the Pentax group but patients did not suffer more moderate or severe discomfort. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that higher definition colonoscopes improve adenoma detection without compromising other measures of endoscope performance. Increased polyp detection rates may improve the outcomes of the Bowel Cancer Screening Program.
Factors Influencing Cadmium Accumulation and Its Toxicity to Marine Organisms
Authors: David W. Engel, Bruce A. Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The toxicity of dissolved cadmium to a variety of marine animals has been found to be related to salinity, with decreased toxicity observed at higher salinities. Recent data from our laboratory have demonstrated that the toxicity of cadmium to estuarine shrimp and larval fish is a function of free cadmium ion concentration, which in turn is controlled by the chloride concentration of the water. As the chloride concentration (i.e., salinity of the water) increases, the concentration of free cadmium ion decreases relative to total dissolved metal, due to its complexation with chloride ions. These observations have been given further support by measurements involving the uptake of 115mCd by shrimp which showed that accumulation of 115mCd and chloride concentration also are inversely related. Experiments also have been conducted on the physiological effects of cadmium on the respiration of excised oyster gill tissue. Although tissues from oysters exposed for 14 days to 0.1 ppm total dissolved cadmium accumulated significant quantities of metal, no measurable effects on respiration rates were detected. Higher doses (0.3 and 0.6 ppm) caused both mortalities of oysters and accelerated respiration of excised oyster gill. Exposure to 0.1 ppm cadmium also caused the induction of and/or increased binding of cadmium to a specific low molecular weight protein in oysters. This protein appeared to have a detoxification function at low cadmium exposure levels, but in animals exposed to 0.6 ppm cadmium the induction mechanism apparently became saturated, allowing the excess cadmium to bind critical sites with resultant damage.
Incorrect Financial Disclosure Statement.
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RENAL ABNORMALITIES IN LAENNEC'S CIRRHOSIS
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neurology
Authors: H. Houston Merritt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE significant publications in the field of neurology in 1945 included a number of studies on the physiology of the nervous system, further reports on the use of antibiotics in the infections of the nervous system, including syphilis and tuberculous meningitis, the introduction of a new drug in the treatment of petit-mal epilepsy and articles on various miscellaneous subjects.PhysiologyTwo studies on the physiology of the pyramidal tract have been contributed by Lassek.1 , 2 In the first he correlated the occurrence of the Babinski reflex with the other evidence of damage to the corticospinal tract. The material used in this . . .
Is the operating room unhealthy?
Authors: H. F. Cascorbi
Journal: JAMA (1977)

It is an often repeated truism that physicians are careless of their own health. It is therefore surprising to find a growing body of literature dealing with the health experience of men who work in operating rooms. Starting with the study by Vaisman<sup>1</sup>in 1967, numerous surveys in many countries<sup>2-8</sup>claim that female operating room personnel, particularly anesthetists, have a higher abortion rate than controls. Some studies even indicate an increased abortion risk in spouses of anesthesiologists.<sup>2</sup>Of greater concern is the claim that children of anesthesiologists are more likely to have malformations than the children of other physicians.<sup>3,5</sup>Furthermore, there seems to be an increased risk of malignant neoplasms in operating room personnel, particularly female anesthesiologists.<sup>3</sup>All of these surveys have been criticized because of flaws in the methodology, invalid statistical approaches, or bias in the selection of test populations. Nevertheless, the weight of
THE PUBLIC SERVICE.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PERTUSSIS VACCINE
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Die Brustwandpulsationen als Symptome von Herz- und Gefässkrankheiten.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lectures ON THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE: LECTURE II.--Part I. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE TWO GROUPS OF MUSCLE FIBRES: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE
Authors: J. I. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1925)

THE SYMPATHETIC INNERVATION OF STRIATED MUSCLE.[I TDICA BJOIA 251 sufficient to emphasize the necessity of prolonged rest in children who have had rheumatic infection.In fact, the suggestion of sanatorium treatment and notification of acute rheumatic infection is well worthy of consideration.Next the syphilitic heart.Here the pathology of the arterial change and the recognition of the involvement of the myocardium as well as the great blood vessels, in this progressive lesion, makes it a great additional advantage in prognosis and treatment of cardiac cases to obtain the evidence of a positive Wassermann reaction.Horder and Libman14 separate a group of cases of sub- acute infective endocarditis with very definite clinical signs such as described by Cotton15 and others.Under the title " endocarditis lenta," Starling'6 and Carey Coombs'7 have presented groups of cases of unusual interest; and if this condition, which anyone connected with cardiac work must have seen, is to be associated with an entero- coccal type of infection we have an etiological asset of great importance.Unfortunately, so far the treatment of these chronic endocarditis cases has been practically hopeless.IV. PHARMACOLOGY.
OXIDIZED CELLULOSE AS HEMOSTATIC AGENT TO PREVENT BLEEDING AFTER HIGH-RISK ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION OF RECTAL LATERALLY-SPREADING TUMOR (LST) OVERLYING HEMORRHOIDS
Authors: S Abe, A Martínez-Alcalá García, KR Kyanam Kabir Baig, Y Saito, K Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

A 58-year-old male with a history of a hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus type II was referred for evaluation of a rectal tumor. The patient had undergone coronary artery stenting and was taking dual antiplatelet therapy. On colonoscopy he was found to have a laterally spreading tumor, granular type. The polypoid lesion extended from the anal verge, continued on top of internal hemorrhoids and extended proximally 5 cm into the rectum, covering about two thirds of the rectal circumference. The patient preferred endoscopic resection to a transrectal surgery procedure. The endoscopic resection was carried out using a gastroscope and with ESD-EMR hybrid technique. Post-resection inspection revealed a complete resection (endoscopic R0), several small vessels and exposed hemorrhoids. Prophylactic hemostasis was then achieved by applying oxidized regenerated cellulose. The oxidized cellulose was cut in 20 × 20 mm pieces, grasped with a clip, which had been previously advanced through the scope and then pushed through an overtube onto the resection site. The cellulose was attached through clipping proximally. The patient had an uneventful recovery without any rectal bleeding. Oxidized cellulose can be considered to be a “topical” hemostatic agent, similar to Hemospray®. The mechanism of action of cellulose is still unclear, but data show that it activates platelets and provides mechanical hemostasis by dehydrating or “sponge-like’ mechanisms. Indeed, OC is generally used in heavy bleedings, including liver surgery, due to its high absorptive capacity, and given by its dense fibrous composition; OC can absorb up to 7-times its physiological weight OC has the advantage of being biodegradable, biocompatible, reabsorbed by hydrolysis and without immunological risk.
Erratum
Authors: Paul Bloom
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1991)

In my Response to the target article, “Natural Language and Natural Selection,” co-authored by Steven Pinker and Paul Bloom ( BBS 13(4):769), the journal printed the following sentence, “Rather, different mutations are stored independently in different lineages, and recombination brings them together to form vast numbers of new combinations, in people, in their descendents,” in error. The sentence should have read: “Rather, different mutations are stored independently in different lineages, and recombination brings them together to form vast numbers of new combinations, in parallel, in their descendents.”
Needed Reorganization of the Indian Medical Service
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal