tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Editorial: Systemic antibiotics and acne
Authors: D. K. Chalker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Initially, antibiotics were used in the treatment of acne in the belief that the pustular component represented a secondary bacterial infection. Penicillin and suflonamides were among the first antibacterial agents to be tried, but were found to be ineffective.<sup>1</sup>Tetracycline was introduced by Andrews et al<sup>2</sup>in 1951 and has gained widespread acceptance among dermatologists as an effective mode of therapy.<sup>3-5</sup>In this month's issue of<i>Archives of Dermatology</i>(p 1630), Akers et al report that 10% of the tetracyclines and 2% of the erythromycines produced in this country are used by dermatologists to treat acne. This form of therapy was questioned, however, in a QUESTION AND ANSWER series inThe Journalin 1974.<sup>6</sup>Responses ranged from "there is as yet no proof that these drugs [tetracyclines] have a beneficial effect" to their use represents "an accepted modality of therapy in<i>indicated</i>cases." As Akers et
Virological surveillance of human cases of influenza A(H1N1)v virus in Italy: preliminary results
Authors: None Surveillance Group for New Influenz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

In this report we describe the findings of laboratory-based surveillance of human cases of influenza A(H1N1)v virus infection in Italy, following the recent worldwide detection of this new virus among human population and the decision of the World Health Organization (WHO) to raise the level of pandemic alert.
Ischemic proctitis
Authors: Z. M. Kilpatrick
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Vascular disease may lead to ischemic damage to the colon which hiterto has been thought to be confined to the proximal and descending colon and to spare the distal sigmoid and rectum. Studies here report a syndrome clinically, roentgenographically, and histologically recognizable as spontaneous ischemic disease of the rectum. In older persons, abdominal pain, alteration of bowel function, and rectal bleeding together with (1) the sigmoidoscopic appearance of bizarre nodular polypoid or ulcerative changes and (2) roentgenographic evidence of mucosal edema and ulceration with "thumb prints" characterize this syndrome and should raise the possibility of vascular injury to the lower bowel.
Abstract 18717: The Pro-osteogenic Phenotype of Interstitial Cells of Calcified Human Aortic Valves is Due to Altered Expression of Mir-486 and -204
Authors: Rui Song, David A. Fullerton, Lihua Ao, Kesen Zhao, T. Brett Reece, Joseph C. Cleveland Jr, Xianzhong Meng
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The transition of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) to myofibroblastic and osteoblast-like phenotypes plays a critical role in the progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Understanding of the mechanism underlying AVIC phenotypic transition may lead to the development of therapeutic approaches for prevention of CAVD progression. Several microRNAs (miRs) have been implicated in stem cell differentiation into osteoblast. We hypothesized that an epigenetic mechanism regulates the myofibroblastic and osteoblast-like transition in AVICs. This study is to examine miR profile in diseased AVICs and to identify miRs responsible for cell phenotypic transition. Methods and results: AVICs were isolated from normal and diseased human aortic valves. MiR array analysis revealed 16 up-regulated and 14 down-regulated miRs in diseased AVICs, and increased miR-486 and decreased miR-204 were prominent and associated with higher levels of myofibroblastic biomarker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Osx. MiR-486 antagomir and miR-204 mimic reduced the ability of diseased cells to form calcium deposits. While miR-486 antagomir suppressed α-SMA expression in diseased AVICs, miR-204 mimic suppressed the expression of Runx2 and Osx. MiR-486 mimic up-regulated α-SMA expression in normal AVICs through the PTEN-Akt pathway, and miR-204 antagomir up-regulated Runx2 and Osx levels by post-transcriptional modulation. Interestingly, miR-486 mimic and miR-204 antagomir synergistically up-regulated Runx2 and Osx in normal AVICs, resulting in greater calcium deposition. Knockdown of α-SMA attenuated the effect of miR-486 on osteogenic activities. Conclusions: In AVICs of diseased aortic valves, increased expression of miR-486 mediates myofibroblastic transition through the PTEN-Akt pathway, and decreased expression of miR-204 is responsible for the elevated osteogenic activity. MiR-486 also promotes AVIC osteogenic activity by inducing myofibroblastic transition. These novel findings indicate that modulation of the epigenetic mechanism underlying AVIC phenotypic transition and osteogenic activity has therapeutic potential for slowing down CAVD progression.
NCCN NewsNCCN Celebrates World Cancer Day 2017New Treatment Guides From NCCN Help Patients With Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia Make Informed Care DecisionsNCCN Establishes Second Policy and Advocacy Fellowship
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

As a proud member of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC), NCCN was honored to support World Cancer Day 2017 on February 4 and take action to reduce the impact that cancer has on individuals, families, and communities.With more than 14 million people affected by cancer each year, it is our mission, an alliance of 27 of the leading cancer centers, to improve the quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of cancer care so that patients can live better lives.Each year, NCCN's esteemed experts volunteer more than 26,000 hours to create the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines).These guidelines arm clinicians, patients, and other stakeholders with the information necessary to lead to optimal outcomes following a diagnosis, as well as cancer detection, prevention, and risk reduction, and supportive care and age-related considerations (visit NCCN.org).Of the estimated 14 million people affected by cancer each year, approximately 75% reside outside North America, and NCCN is committed to ensuring that patients have access to the best cancer care available, no matter where they live.To make use of the NCCN Guidelines easier and more relevant to worldwide constituents, NCCN offers 22 NCCN Guidelines translated into 7 languages.Moreover, we collaborate with physician groups outside the United States to develop regional adaptations of the NCCN Guidelines, taking into account resources and metabolic differences within each population.This year and onward, we look to further growing the library of resources (visit NCCN.org/Global).Because the NCCN Guidelines are developed by leading US multidisciplinary experts, we understand and appreciate that recommendations within the guidelines may not reflect available resources-diagnostic tests and treatment approaches-available in low-and middle-income countries.Therefore, we work with disease experts throughout the world to develop a library of NCCN Framework for Resource Stratification of NCCN Guidelines (NCCN Framework) to outline rational approaches to care management based on the highest achievable cancer care in the region (visit NCCN.org/Framework).Finally, to further empower patients and provide insight into their disease and treatment options, the NCCN Foundation offers a library of NCCN Guidelines for Patients.These free education resources translate NCCN's clinical guidelines into easyto-understand language to help patients talk with their physicians and make informed choices about their course of treatment (visit NCCN.org/Patients).NCCN extends its sincerest gratitude to the clinicians from around the world who generously give their time and expertise to review and create these resources.WE CAN educate.WE CAN empower.WE CAN improve the lives of people with cancer.
Medical Journals—1967
Authors: E. J. H.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Editorial Notes1 December 1967Medical Journals—1967E. J. H.E. J. H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-6-1347 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSome prophets of newer media see, not far ahead, less and less use of the printed word to convey thought. Printing may indeed decline as a medium for manipulation when emotion is to be moved rather than thought.However, journals in medical science are showing no sign of decline, as a group. Journals die and new ones are born, but since World War II the birth rate has run higher than the death rate, and librarians despair of trying to house the ever-growing family. Three developments account for most of the high birth rate: increased specialization in medical science and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1967Volume 67, Issue 6Page: 1347-1347KeywordsBirth ratesDeath ratesEmotions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE FUNCTION OF THE THYMUS.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Address on the Study of Skin Diseases as Illustrating the Doctrines of General Pathology
Authors: J. Hutchinson
Journal: BMJ (1887)

PRESIDENT AND GENTLEM&N, -I am desirous to bring before you a few illustrations of; general laws, applicable to al1 pathological processes, which find instractive illustration in the domain of skin-diseases.Of these, I will take, first, the infectiousness of all inflammatory processes.The first and simplest of the statements to be made under this head is that inflammations of the skin of almost all kinds show a tendency to spread more or less rapidly at their borders.Erysipelas spreads, as is well known, at its edges, and leaves the parts first affected; and it does so in virtue of a particulate contagium which is produced in the course of its special type of inflammation.It is, however, although one of the most rapid spreaders, by no means the only one.The patches of eczema spread, though more slowly, and those of psoriasis more slowly still, but not less surely.In this latter malady rings may be produced, by the heal- ing of the skin first affected and the gradual advance of the chronic inflammatory process at the margins.These rings are often quite as definite as those of ringworm, or as the fairy-rings seen in pastures.Respecting the two latter, we know that the annular form is due to the advance of a living fungus, which flourishes at the edge of the advancing area, and dies in the soil which it has exhausted.Often its
Author's response
Authors: A.-L. Moncayo, P. J. Cooper
Journal: Thorax (2010)

I want to thank Drs Mahut and Delclaux for their interesting letter concerning our recent paper 1 and would offer the following response.During acute asthma exacerbation only two of 15 patients with asthma (13%) had a combined abnormally elevated central airways nitric oxide (NO) flux and elevated peripheral airway/alveolar NO concentration after correction for NO axial back-diffusion.Central airways NO flux remained the major site of 'NO-mediated inflammation' in 13 of 15 patients with asthma since two had normal NO gas exchange despite acute exacerbation. 1This latter observation needs to be further investigated since the clinical response was similar to that in patients with asthma with abnormal NO gas exchange.Many years ago we investigated the simplified detection of peripheral airway disease and showed that analyses of the distal part of the maximum expiratory flowevolume curve were helpful. 2 However, in a subsequent study 3 we reported that, if the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV 1 /FVC) was $75%, the occurrence of an isolated abnormal mid forced expiratory flow (FEF 25e75 ) was rare.However, if the FEV 1 /FVC was <75%, it would not be unusual to find an abnormal FEF 25e75 , but it would not discriminate peripheral from large central airways obstruction. 3I hope these comments are helpful and appreciate their interest.
Molecular Analysis of Heritable Mouse Mutations
Authors: Eugene M. Rinchik
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Germ-line mutations of the mouse have for years comprised one class of biological markers for mammalian reproductive and developmental toxicology. Understanding the molecular nature of mutations and the mechanisms by which mutations are translated into specific (and often complex) phenotypes, however, still looms as a major goal of mammalian biology. Molecular genetic analysis of heritable mouse mutations constitutes a significant, experimentally malleable strategy for relating genomic DNA structure to genic expression and function in mammals. The integrated use of recombinant DNA technology, which allows both the identification and analysis of expression of single genes, and classical genetic and cytogenetic analysis, which allow the important correlation between basic DNA defects and the organismic consequences of such defects, has been crucial to this strategy. Some of the approaches (e.g., specific-gene cloning, random-clone analysis of genomic regions, insertional mutagenesis) for studying the nature and effect of both mutations and their wild-type counterparts that have resulted from this integration of genetic analysis and molecular biology have been applied to many loci within the murine genome. Studies of the nature and effects of a complex set of radiation-induced mutations at the dilute-short ear (d-se) region of chromosome 9, a specific example of this type of integrated analysis, are discussed.
Leg ulcers in Klinefelter's syndrome – further evidence for an involvement of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Authors: T.M. ZOLLNER, J.C.J.M. VERAART, M. WOLTER, S. HESSE, B. VILLEMUR, A. WENKE, R.J. WERNER, W.-H. BOEHNCKE, S.S. JOST, I. SCHARRER, R. KAUFMANN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)
Association of a 2-weeks-on and 1-week-off schedule of sunitinib with decreased toxicity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Authors: Yana George Najjar, Paul Elson, Laura S. Wood, Jorge A. Garcia, Robert Dreicer, Brian I. Rini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

406 Background: Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) with sunitinib can be associated with toxicity leading to dose reduction. Maintaining adequate sunitinib dosing and avoiding dose interruptions that lower drug levels are essential for optimizing clinical efficacy. Standard sunitinib schedule is 4 weeks of treatment and 2 weeks of rest (schedule 4/2). Empirically in clinical practice, several metastatic RCC patients at The Cleveland Clinic (CCF) have been changed from a 4/2 schedule to a 2 weeks on /1 week off (2/1) schedule after experiencing toxicity in an attempt to maintain daily dose but reduce toxicity. Methods: The medical records of mRCC patients who were changed to a 2/1 schedule of sunitinib at CCF were retrospectively reviewed. Patient toxicity on each schedule was recorded during routine clinic visits and graded according to the Common Toxicity Criteria, version 4.0. Results: 21 patients were identified: 71% male, 78% clear cell histology, and 29% prior systemic therapy. All but one had prior nephrectomy. 95% of patients on the 4/2 schedule had grade 3 or 4 toxicity which led to the schedule change to 2/1. No grade 4 toxicities were observed on the 2/1 schedule, and 33% of patients experienced grade 3 toxicity (p = 0.0001 for comparison of worst grade toxicity on 4/2 versus 2/1). Two of the most common toxicities, fatigue and hand-foot syndrome (HFS), were significantly less frequent on the 2/1 schedule than on the 4/2 schedule (fatigue 52% all grade/33% grade 3 on 4/2 versus 33%/14% on 2/1; HFS 33%/29% on 4/2 versus 14%/0% on 2/1; p =.04 for both). Median overall treatment duration on the 4/2 schedule was 13.5 months (range 1.1-60.6 months) and median overall treatment duration on the 2/1 schedule was 24.4 months (range 1.3 to 67.6+ months). Conclusions: Treatment with sunitinib on a 2/1 schedule is associated with significantly decreased toxicity in patients who initially experience grade 3 or greater toxicity on the 4/2 schedule and can extend treatment duration considerably. Prospective clinical trials are required to define the optimal schedule of sunitinib to balance efficacy and toxicity.
The Public Health Implications of AIDS Research in Africa
Authors: Kevin M. De Cock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic has led to greatly increased international collaboration for medical research, mainly epidemiologic in nature, in Africa. Greater understanding of HIV/AIDS has resulted, and considerable training and technology transfer have occurred. However, analytic and descriptive research in countries heavily affected by AIDS has been slow to turn to assessment of interventions, and practical benefits to those countries' public health and policies have lagged behind scientific knowledge. This article considers the public health implications of selected HIV/AIDS research in sub-Saharan Africa and discusses opportunities for interventions and more applied research. Topics covered include HIV testing and its role, surveillance, control of sexually transmitted diseases, the vulnerability of youth and women, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS care, and the inadequacy of resources currently committed to HIV/AIDS prevention and control in resource-poor countries. Research on HIV/AIDS in Africa has yielded crucial information but now should prioritize interventions and their evaluation. Specific goals that might limit the effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in resource-poor countries are achievable given vision, commitment, and resources. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:481-486)
Biliary ERCP
Authors: R Kozarek
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Although therapeutic biliary endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was introduced over 30 years ago, its application has continued to evolve. From a technologic standpoint, not only has video endoscopy supplanted its fiberoptic predecessor, but accessories have been expanded, are now primarily disposable, and can be utilized using either a long-wire or short-wire technique. Plastic prostheses, vulnerable to occlusion by biofilm, have been supplanted by self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) in many patients with unresectable malignant biliary strictures, and uncovered SEMS have variably been replaced with covered stents because of tumor ingrowth or elicitation of granulation tissue. From a technical standpoint, we have learned to change our practice patterns in response to results in previously published clinical series or controlled trials. Many of us now place small diameter pancreatic prostheses in patients at high risk of procedural pancreatitis. We recognize that multiple large diameter prostheses are more likely to result in long-term resolution of benign biliary strictures than placement of a single stent. And we know that both endoscopic sphincterotomy and stenting are effective treatments for most patients with a cystic duct leak following cholecystectomy.
Ethics
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Late in 1994, two previously impassable ethical barriers were crossed in the United States: Oregon became the first jurisdiction to legalize physician-assisted suicide,<sup>1</sup>and, for the first time, a National Institutes of Health advisory panel approved funding for the production of human embryos for research purposes.<sup>2,3</sup>Both measures are temporarily in limbo, one as a result of an Executive Order (<i>Washington Post</i>. December 3,1994:A1, A8) and the other as a result of a constitutional challenge (<i>Washington Post</i>. December 28,1994:A7). Vigorous debate promises to continue for many years as these and related efforts to control the beginning and ending of human life are advanced as public policy. (In the spirit of these reviews, I will not argue my positions. Lest this be misunderstood as moral neutrality, I declare myself firmly opposed on moral grounds to both physician-assisted suicide and the production of human embryos for research purposes.) Both measures
Herbicide exposure and cancer
Authors: T. Colton
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The case-control study in Kansas reported by Hoar et al<sup>1</sup>in this issue has importance beyond its population of agriculture workers to the highly controversial and adversarial issue of health effects associated with herbicide exposure in Vietnam. The well-designed and carefully executed Kansas study adds substantially to the cumulating body of evidence concerning the following question: Does human exposure to phenoxyacetic acid herbicides increase the risk of soft-tissue sarcomas (STS), Hodgkin's disease (HD), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)? The findings among Kansas farmers are in accord with "no" answers to the first two malignancies and a "yes" answer to the third. Most relevant to the Kansas study are the series of case-control investigations undertaken by Hardell and colleagues<sup>2-4</sup>in rural Sweden in the mid- and late 1970s. Hardell's studies found highly significant relative risks, of magnitude fivefold and sixfold, for exposure to phenoxyacid herbicides in association with STS, HD,