tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Brief
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spondylolysis
Authors: R. D. Moreton
Journal: JAMA (1966)

One of the more important developmental anomalies of the lumbar vertebrae, and one which affects the stability of the spinal column, is a failure in ossification of the laminae between the superior and inferior articular processes. This is actually a radiological finding wherein a break is demonstrated in the pars interarticularis or isthmus on one or both sides of the neural arch. When this defect is not associated with a subluxation of the vertebral segment anterior to the lesion, it is usually referred to as spondylolysis. The condition has also been called spondyloschisis, and occasionally the term "prespondylolisthesis" is used to describe the defect. This latter term is unfortunate because it implies the later development of a condition which actually may never take place. I feel that we should report the anatomic variation as it is found and avoid any confusion or unfounded supposition that another pathologic entity may be
Does the risk of emergency department visits and hospitalizations during systemic therapy for cancer influence patients’ decisions regarding treatment?
Authors: Cameron Phillips, Ken Deal, Melanie Lynn Powis, Simron Singh, Laavanya Dharmakulaseelan, Harsh Naik, Aditi Dobriyal, Nasrin Alavi, Monika K. Krzyzanowska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e18803 Background: When different treatments (tx) produce similar prognostic outcomes, other tx attributes such as toxicity may impact tx preferences. We conducted a discrete choice experiment to evaluate how patients’ value the risk of an emergency department visit (ED) or hospitalization during treatment when deciding about chemotherapy. Methods: Patients with breast, head and neck or colorectal cancer who were contemplating, receiving or had previously received systemic treatment were recruited from 2 academic cancer centres in Toronto, Ontario. Each participant completed 10 choice tasks (5 each in the adjuvant and metastatic settings, respectively) from a possible 128 combinations. Each choice task prompted them to choose between two hypothetical systemic therapies, based on 3 attributes (likelihood of benefit, risk of requiring an ED visit and risk of hospitalization during treatment) that varied across 4 levels. Data was analyzed using a multinomial logit model and individual part-worth utility (PWU) values were estimated using hierarchal Bayes routines. Results: Between 06/2015 and 09/2017, 293 patients completed the survey. Most patients were female (76%), had a diagnosis of breast cancer (63%) and were currently receiving systemic therapy (72%). 59% of patients were receiving tx with curative intent. PWU values varied as expected with higher PWUs seen for higher treatment benefit, lower risk of ED visits and lower risk of hospitalization. Treatment benefit was the most important decision attribute in both the adjuvant (59%, 95%CI 57.8-60.1%) and metastatic (67.7%, 95%CI 66.8-68.7%) scenarios, followed by risk of hospitalization (18.8 vs 22.8%) then risk of ED visits (13.5 vs 18.3%). Results were the same when stratified by patient’s own treatment intent. Conclusions: While the risks of hospitalization and ED visits contribute to patient tx preferences, the extent of tx benefit was the most important attribute regardless of treatment intent.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “No Major Differences in 30-Day Outcomes in High-Risk Patients Randomized to Off-Pump Versus On-Pump Coronary Bypass Surgery: The Best Bypass Surgery Trial”
Authors: Christian H. Møller, Mario J. Perko, Jens T. Lund, Daniel A. Steinbrüchel, Lars W. Andersen, Henning Kelbæk, Jan K. Madsen, Per Winkel, Christian Gluud
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Violence on T.V.
Journal: BMJ (1969)

some aspects of a disease which affects about 3 % of the population and has a wide variety of symptoms (p.131).Fibrin Degradation Products: Study showed raised levels in women during and after labour, whether it was normal or complicated.This may be reason for thrombotic vascular occlu- sion and defective haemostasis in these patients 'p.137).Drug Resistance: Some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are found to be resistant to car- bznicillin (p.141).Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade in Asthma: Propranolol caused a mean fall of 349 % in air- way conductance in asthmatics, but produced no significant change in normal.persons (p. 143).Diet and Heart Disease : No real difference was found in dietary sugar intake between a group of healthy men and a group of patients with ischaemic heart disease, nor did sugar intake correlate with relevant haematological investi- gations (p.145).Central Venous Pressure: Comparison of accuracy of some commonly used methods revealed marked discrepancy in one (p.148).Rickets: Vitamin D found to raise serum calcium level in oral loading tests in hypo- calcaemic infants (p.150).Reports: Modification of hormonal responses to arginine by alpha-adrenergic blockade (p.153); Acute iatrogenic hypothyroid psychosis (p.154).Diseases of Joints: Hand and wrist (p.155).Today's Drugs: The newer diuretics (p.157).
Toxicity following methoxyflurane anesthesia. II. Fluoride concentrations in nephrotoxicity
Authors: D. R. Taves
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The concentrations of inorganic fluoride and nonvolatile organic fluoride were measured in a patient with nephrotoxic effects following methoxyflurane anesthesia. Concentrations of both were markedly elevated compared to two patients who received methoxyflurane without subsequent nephrotoxic effects. Indirect evidence suggests that the inorganic fluoride concentration was sufficient to account for the nephrotoxic effects. The prolonged elevation of inorganic fluoride observed can be explained on the basis of the breakdown of the nonvolatile organic fluoride to inorganic fluoride and the poor renal clearance of both types.
Effect of tight control of inflammation in early psoriatic arthritis (TICOPA): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Laura Coates, Anna Moverley, Lucy McParland, Sarah Brown, Howard Collier, Sarah R Brown, Nuria Navarro-Coy, Paul Emery, Philip Conaghan, Philip Helliwell
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Risk factors for HIV infection among young adult men in northern Thailand
Authors: K. E. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in two cohorts of young men selected for military service in northern Thailand. <h3>Design.</h3> —Military conscripts were studied cross-sectionally after conscription in May 1991 and November 1991. Risk factors were assessed by interview with trained nonmilitary interviewers. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Two military training bases in Chiang Mai, Thailand. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 2417 young men aged 19 to 23 years (mean age, 21 years) conscripted by lottery into military service in the Royal Thai Army or Royal Thai Air Force from six provinces in northern Thailand. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed by Western blot and univariate and multivariate analyses of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV seroprevalence. <h3>Results.</h3> —Overall, 289 (12.0%) of 2417 men were HIV-seropositive at baseline. The strongest associations with being HIV positive were heterosexual activities. History of sex with a female commercial sex worker (CSW) was frequent (96.5% of men who were HIV-positive and 79.0% of men who were HIV-negative) and strongly associated with HIV infection on univariate and multivariate analyses (adjusted odds ratio, 1.60 to 2.07, depending on the frequency of CSW contact). Also, sexually transmitted diseases were common and associated with HIV infection in both univariate and multivariate analyses (adjusted odds ratio, 3.36). Sex with other males and injection drug use were uncommon and not associated with HIV infection. Condom use was reported in 61.5% of men at last sex with a CSW but was not shown to be protective of prevalent HIV infection. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The epidemic of HIV infection has spread widely among young men in northern Thailand, despite reported frequent and recent use of condoms during sex with female CSWs. Control of HIV infection in this population will probably require more regular and effective use of condoms, prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and reduction in the frequency of CSW contact. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:955-960)
Twentieth Century Practice, an international encyclopedia of modern medical science by leading authorities of Europe and America.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Re: Five-Year Update of a Randomized Trial of Alternating Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy Compared With Radiotherapy Alone in Treatment of Unresectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: MARCO MERLANO
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Radiotherapy Alone in Treatment of Unresectable Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and NeckWe wish to comment on the recent report by Merlano et al. ( 7), from the National Institute for Cancer Research in Genoa, Italy, regarding the use of alternating radiotherapy and chemotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer.An important observation made by the authors is that their findings should be considered with caution.We will limit our comments solely to the results of the radiotherapy-alone arm.Although the authors state that these were unresectable cancers, the stages listed in their Table 1 show that many of the tumors were not extraordinarily advanced.Forty-two of the 77 patients had Tl, T2, or T3 cancers.By our staging classification, 18 patients would be classified as stage III, eight patients as stage IVA, and 51 patients as stage IVB.We have compared our results using radiotherapy alone (with or without the addition of a neck dissection after irradiation) to the results reported by Merlano et al. for radiotherapy alone for equivalent-stage patients.Our data used for this analysis were reported elsewhere (2).Our results have been scaled so that our patient numbers reflect the same proportions of patients in each disease substage as were reported by Merlano et al.The observed 5-year results for similar-stage patients were as follows: local-regional control (48% at the University of Florida versus 7% in the Merlano article [as calculated from the authors' Fig. 1,A, in which the localregional relapse-free survival rate was 32% of the 22% who completely responded]); 5-year overall survival
Transient immunosuppression with FK506 permits long-term expression of therapeutic genes introduced into the liver using recombinant adenoviruses in the rat
Authors: Y Ilan
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The host immune response limits the duration of expression of adenovirally transduced genes and precludes long-term gene expression upon re-administration of the virus. In this study we wished to evaluate whether short-term immunosuppression of the host, at the time of recombinant virus administration, would allow expression of the therapeutic gene product upon virus reinjection. Gunn rats were used as recipients of recombinant adenoviruses expressing human BUGT (Ad-hBUGT) or E. coli β-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ). Rats were treated with FK506 (1-1.5 mg/kg, per OS daily) for three days beginning 24 hours before each virus injection. Control groups did not receive any immunosuppressant. The serum bilirubin level was reduced from 7.1 ± 0.75 mg/dL to 2.0 ± 0.7 mg/dL within two days of viral injection in both FK506 treated and control groups, and then gradually increased in 6 weeks. FK506-treated rats had low or undetectable antibody titers against the recombinant adenovirus and minimal or no cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against adenovirus-infected cells. The tolerized rats received two subsequent injections 42 and 98 days after the first injection, which reduced the bilirubin levels again to 2.0 ± 0.56 and 2.2 ± 0.61 mg/dL, respectively. In contrast, control rats developed high titer neutralizing antibodies and a CTL response, and their serum bilirubin levels were not reduced following subsequent injections. We conclude that short-term FK506 treatment around the time of virus administration prevents the host immune response, permitting long-term gene therapy by repeated administration of the recombinant virus.
Aberdeen Teaching Hospital Group
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 80, Issue 2 p. 133-133 Aberdeen Teaching Hospital Group First published: February 1968 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12280.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume80, Issue2February 1968Pages 133-133 RelatedInformation
Electroencephalography
Authors: John A. Abbott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

ADVANCES in electroencephalography have been so rapid that even for many who are actively engaged in the field, a survey of current status is the best account of recent progress. This is due largely to the fact that electroencephalography has both stimulated and implemented neurologic research by electric technics. The result has been a research that includes electroencephalography as an inseparable part and has elaborated many neurophysiologic and neuroanatomic novelties. At the same time there has been a steady accumulation of reports about the kinds of electroencephalograms associated with different mental or physical diseases. In this short survey the emphasis . . .
Updated analysis of the phase III, double-blind, randomized, multinational study of radium-223 chloride in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients with bone metastases (ALSYMPCA).
Authors: Chris Parker, Sten Nilsson, Daniel Heinrich, Joe M. O'Sullivan, Sophie D. Fossa, Ales Chodacki, Pawel J. Wiechno, John P. Logue, Mihalj Seke, Anders Widmark, Dag Clement Johannessen, Peter Hoskin, David Bottomley, Robert Edward Coleman, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, C. Gillies O'Bryan-Tear, Jose E. Garcia-Vargas, Minghua Shan, A. Oliver Sartor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

LBA4512 Background: Radium-223 chloride (Ra-223), a targeted alpha-emitter, targets bone metastases (mets) with high-energy alpha-particles of short range (&lt;100 µm). ALSYMPCA, a phase III double-blind, randomized, multinational study, compared Ra-223 plus best standard of care (BSC) vs placebo plus BSC in CRPC patients (pts) with bone mets. In a planned interim analysis (n = 809), based on 314 events, Ra-223 significantly improved overall survival (OS) vs placebo (median 14.0 mo vs 11.2 mo, respectively; HR = .695; 95% CI, .552-.875; 2-sided p = .00185). Secondary endpoints were met and Ra-223 safety was favorable. An updated analysis was conducted prior to the crossover to further assess the effect of Ra-223 on the primary endpoint (OS), secondary endpoints including skeletal-related events (SREs), and safety. Methods: Eligible pts had confirmed symptomatic CRPC with ≥ 2 bone mets; no known visceral mets; and were post-docetaxel, unfit for docetaxel, or had declined docetaxel. Pts were randomized 2:1 to receive 6 injections of Ra-223 (50 kBq/kg IV) q4wks or matching placebo. An updated descriptive analysis of OS, based on 528 events, was performed including data from all randomized pts prior to implementing crossover to Ra-223 for placebo pts. Results: 921 pts (Ra-223, n = 614; placebo, n = 307) were randomized from 6/2008-2/2011. Ra‑223 significantly improved OS vs placebo (median 14.9 mo vs 11.3 mo, respectively; HR = .695; 95% CI, .581-.832; p = 0.00007), and time to first SRE was significantly prolonged (median 15.6 mo vs 9.8 mo, respectively; HR = 0.658; 95% CI, 0.522-0.830; p = 0.00037). Safety and tolerability of Ra-223 remained favorable, with low myelosuppression (e.g., gr 3/4 neutropenia in 2.2% and 0.7% and gr 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 6.3% and 2% of the Ra-223 and placebo groups, respectively). Conclusions: On updated analysis, the median OS benefit for Ra-223 increased from 2.8 to 3.6 months, with a hazard ratio of 0.695 (i.e., 30.5% reduction in risk of death). Ra-223 is an effective therapy that improves OS and time to first SRE with a highly favorable safety profile, and may provide a new standard of care for CRPC pts with bone mets.
A phase I study of pazopanib (PAZ) in combination with abexinostat (ABX) in patients (pts) with metastatic solid tumors.
Authors: Rahul Raj Aggarwal, Jennifer A. Grabowsky, Anne Reinert, Scott Thomas, Thach-Giao Truong, Christina Chun, Pamela N. Munster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

2560 Background: PAZ is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR, and C-KIT approved for use in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and soft tissue sarcoma (STS). ABX is a potent pan-HDAC inhibitor (HDACi). Pre-clinical models suggest that HDACi-mediated epigenetic modulation of VEGF expression potentiates PAZ’s efficacy and may reverse therapeutic resistance. We therefore designed a Phase I clinical trial combining ABX with PAZ in pts with advanced solid tumors. Methods: The primary objective was to determine the maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of PAZ plus ABX. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics (PK) and efficacy. Altered histone acetylation post treatment denoted HDACi activity and served as a pharmacodynamic (PD) marker in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PAZ was dosed days 1-28 and ABX days 1-5, 8-12, and 15-19 of 28-day cycle (schedule A) at a starting dose of 400 mg/day and 45 mg/m2orally twice daily respectively. An alternate ABX dosing schedule of days 1-4, 8-11, and 15-18 was also investigated (schedule B). Results: 36 patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled (N = 22 schedule A; N = 14 schedule B). There were six dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) (5 on schedule A, 1 on schedule B), including fatigue (N = 2), thrombocytopenia (N = 2), and elevated AST/ALT (N = 2). The most common grade ≥ 3 related adverse events observed include thrombocytopenia (8%), fatigue (8%), and diarrhea (6%), the majority of which occurred with schedule A. The MTD was PAZ 800 mg/day + ABX 45 mg/m2 BID on schedule B. 5 of 29 evaluable pts (17%) (including 2 RCC pts) experienced a partial tumor response (PR). All 6 pts with prior disease progression on PAZ monotherapy had reduction in tumor burden on study. 12 out of 29 evaluable pts (41%) experienced stable disease or better for ≥ 6 months, and two pts with PRs remain on study for > 2 years. PK and PD analyses are ongoing. Conclusions: In the first trial to explore the combination of ABX with PAZ in RCC and other solid tumor malignancies, the combination was well tolerated, particularly with schedule B ABX dosing. Preliminary evidence of anti-tumor activity was observed, notably in pts with progression on prior PAZ monotherapy. The promising efficacy in RCC is being further evaluated. Clinical trial information: NCT01543763.
Inconstancy of "constantly" infused penicillin
Authors: M. E. Plaut
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Penicillin is commonly administered by intravenous infusion over several hours. Physicians assume that constant volumes of drug-containing solution are delivered as long as the infusion is running. A recent study of penicillin serum levels indicated a wide fluctuation in experimental infusions, even if closely attended.<sup>1</sup>To document this finding in patients with infectious diseases already receiving intravenously administered penicillin, serum samples were obtained at hourly intervals from three such patients, and the amount of penicillin assayed by a disk modification of the cup-plate method with<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. The hourly volume of penicillin-containing solution infused was also measured, and compared to the amount the physician had ordered. Each patient was studied twice, at first while the rate of infusion was carefully watched by one of us (D.H.), and again when the "drip" was left unattended, as is the common practice on most general medical wards. The Table
Preface by Editors
Authors: Constance Hammen
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2007)

I have been given a priceless opportunity to reflect on my career in the remarkably productive field of risk factors for depression.Psychological research on depression exploded in the early years of my work.I try to give an account of the choices and challenges, and reflect on the influences, some calculated and some serendipitous, that determined the paths I have followed.I focus mostly on the robust depression risk factors that have influenced my research, including dysfunctional cognitions, stressful life events and circumstances, parental depression, interpersonal dysfunction, and being female, and I cover some of what I did but also the influential work of others.This is a selective review of depression research in the past 40 or so years, noting some of the big developments that set the stage for the remarkable activity that continues today.In the conclusion, there is a brief statement of aspirations for future developments in our field.