tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk of Breast Cancer in the Nurses' Health Study: Applying the Gail Model
Authors: Linda Williams Pickle
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The<i>JAMA</i>report by Colditz et al<i>1</i>is an important addition to the literature on breast cancer risk assessment. Conspicuously absent from the cited references was a previous landmark article from Gail et al,<sup>2</sup>at the National Cancer Institute, reporting a model for estimating individual absolute breast cancer risk, based on the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP). The availability of information from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohort begs for comparison with the Gail model. Starting with initial cohorts that were similar in size, there were 2852 incident cases for analysis from the BCDDP data compared with 2389 from the NHS. The BCDDP analysis was restricted to white subjects and the NHS population was characterized as predominantly white. Both analyses controlled for established risk factors by multivariate models. Despite the similarity of the study cohorts, there are important differences between the results from the
有关生物制剂对银屑病患者的疗效的药物遗传学研究:系统综述
Authors: L.J. Vugt, J.M.P.A. van den Reek, M.J.H. Coenen, E.M.G.J. de Jong
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

银屑病是一种常见皮肤病,是机体过量产生一种称为“肿瘤坏死因子‐α”(TNF‐α) 的蛋白质反过来引发炎症的情形。生物制剂是相对新型的强效药物,能够降低 TNF‐α 活性,可用于治疗中度到重度的银屑病。目前有很多不同类型的生物制剂,寻找最适合个体患者的生物制剂是一个反复试验的过程,可能在很长一段时间里治疗结果不如预期的那么好,而且需要投入大量不必要的成本。基因差异(遗传变异)可能解释为何生物制剂的效果因人而异,并且有助于预测特效生物制剂是否可能对患者有效。该医学领域被称为药物遗传学。这项在荷兰开展的研究对其他发表的研究进行了综述,旨在了解遗传变异与使用不同生物制剂的疗效之间的关联。该综述涵盖了 26 项研究,探讨了阿达木单抗、依那西普、英夫利昔单抗以及优特克单抗生物制剂。未找到苏金单抗或伊赛珠单抗这两种生物制剂的相关研究。许多研究主要关注与 TNF‐α 工作机理有关的基因变异。一些研究发现了部分 TNF‐α 变异与生物制剂之间的关联,但这些结果与其他研究往往冲突。作者得出结论,在银屑病领域的药物遗传学研究结果不一致。遗传变异 HLA‐Cw6 有可能作为衡量优特克单抗疗效的预测指标,但还需要更大规模的研究来证实这一点。研究人员需要大规模搜索基因生物标志,以找出生物制剂疗效的完整遗传背景。
Key and critical objectives for The Journal
Authors: G. D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Since 1980, the masthead ofTHE JOURNALhas carried a mission statement that reads as follows: "The Journal is a forum for open and responsible discussion of matters relevant to the field of medicine. Its mission is education: to inform its readers of progress in clinical medicine, medical research, and of developments in other fields of interest to physicians." Shortly after becoming the Editor in 1982,I discovered thatTHE JOURNALdid not have a set of written goals or objectives in addition to the mission statement. Believing such to be important for strategic planning, I used a modified Delphi process involving the editorial staff and the Editorial Board to establish a set of 13 goals. These were approved by American Medical Association (AMA) senior management and subsequently published as an editorial entitled "Goals forTHE JOURNAL"1 on Aug 6, 1982. The editors have functioned under those goals since that time
Fatal reactivation of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: K. M. De Cock
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THE NATURAL history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of progression from a replicative to a nonreplicative stage.<sup>1</sup>The former is characterized by high serum titers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), DNA polymerase and HBV-DNA, and by the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Patients in this stage of infection have significant inflammatory activity on liver biopsy specimen and usually demonstrate elevated serum aminotransferase levels. The nonreplicative stage is associated with low levels or absence of HBV-DNA, with the presence of antibody to HBeAg, and quiescent biochemical test values and liver histology. Conversion fromthe replicative to the nonreplicative phase of HBV infection is generally a function of time, HBeAg-positive patients losing HBeAg at the rate of about 5% per year.<sup>2</sup> It has recently been recognized that remission of active viral turnover in chronic hepatitis B need not be permanent, and that reactivation
Reply†
Authors: Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Alberto Piperno, Luca Valenti, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We thank Dr. Castiella and co-workers for the kind comments on our article. He asked about the characterization of HFE gene mutations of patients defined as non-HFE hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), i.e., non-C282Y homozygotes, and compound C282Y (Cys282 → Tyr282)/H63D (His63 → Asp63) and C282Y/S65C (Ser65 → Cys65) heterozygotes. Of the 114 patients with non-HFE–related hemochromatosis, 12 (10%) were homozygous for the H63D mutation, 29 (25%) were heterozygous for the C282Y mutation, and 16 (14%) were heterozygous for the H63D mutation. Of these patients, only six (5%) had established genetic determinants of iron overload. Three patients had a phenotype consistent with juvenile HH which was linked to chromosome 1q or homozygosity for hemojuvelin missense mutation, one patient had iron overload associated with a missense ferroportin-1 mutation, and two patients had homozygosity for transferrin receptor-2 missense mutation.1, 2 Only a few other patients were found to be affected by possible hereditary risk factors for iron overload: one was a heterozygous carrier of the E302K hemojuvelin mutation, and two were positive for the −72C→T hepcidin promoter mutation. Regarding patients homozygous for the C282Y mutation, we completely agree with Dr. Castiella that the coexistence of non-HFE gene mutations may cause a more severe iron overload, as reported by Island et al.,3 but we have not yet completed the characterization of our patients. The second point raised by Dr. Castiella is that patients negative for HFE mutations usually have milder iron overload. All patients included in our study had iron overload compatible with the diagnosis of HH with no significant difference between HFE and non-HFE HH. In addition, although it has recently been demonstrated that hepatitis C virus infection and alcohol may contribute to iron accumulation by interfering with hepcidin transcription,4, 5 only noncirrhotic patients with HFE-related HH had a significantly more severe iron overload when acquired risk factors coexisted. Heterogeneity of genetic and acquired determinants possibly responsible for iron overload may account for the different severity of iron overload in patients with HH. Silvia Fargion*, * Department of Internal Medicine, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
On Prognosis in Heart-Disease
Authors: W. H. Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1866)

IN affections of the mitral valve, the effects of the derangement no longer fall upon the left ventricle, but on the auricle, lungs, and eventually on the right ventricle.When there is regurgitation through the orifice, it would seem, at first sight, that a certain increase of capacity would be needed to make up for this loss, and part of the force of the left ventricle will be wasted or misdirected in drving blood bAok-on 23 July
Software
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of acute alcohol intoxication and chronic alcohol abuse on outcome from trauma
Authors: G. J. Jurkovich
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effect of acute alcohol intoxication and chronic alcohol abuse on morbidity and mortality from trauma. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective cohort study. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Blunt or penetrating trauma patients at least 18 years of age admitted to one trauma center or dying at the injury scene. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Mortality, complications (infection, pneumonia, respiratory failure, or multiple organ failure), and length of hospital stay. <h3>Results.</h3> —Acute intoxication had no effect on risk of dying—at the injury scene, within the first 24 hours of hospitalization, after the first 24 hours, or overall. Acute intoxication also did not increase the risk of complications and was associated with shorter lengths of stay. Patients with both biochemical and behavioral evidence of chronic alcohol abuse had a twofold increased risk of complications, particularly pneumonia and any infection, compared with those with no evidence of chronic alcohol abuse. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Chronic, but not acute, alcohol abuse adversely affects outcome from trauma. Attention to the problem of chronic alcohol abuse in trauma patients is necessary, and screening trauma patients for chronic alcohol abuse appears to be warranted. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:51-56)
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of liver and spleen is a reliable non-invasive predictor of clinically relevant hepatic venous pressure gradient thresholds and predicts failure of primary prophylaxis for variceal bleeding
Authors: Pik Eu Jason Chang, Arjun Jayaswal, Lionel Cheng, Mei-Fang Tay, Apoorva Gogna, Hiang Keat Tan, Chow Wei Too, Albert Low, Chee-Kiat Tan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
A randomized multicenter phase III study comparing weekly versus every 3 weeks carboplatin (C) plus paclitaxel (P) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC): Multicenter Italian Trials in Ovarian Cancer (MITO-7)—European Network of Gynaecological Oncological Trial Groups (ENGOT-ov-10) and Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup (GCIG) trial.
Authors: Sandro Pignata, Giovanni Scambia, Rossella Lauria, Francesco Raspagliesi, Pierluigi Benedetti Panici, Gennaro Cormio, Dionyssios Katsaros, Roberto Sorio, Giovanna Cavazzini, Gabriella Ferrandina, Enrico Breda, Viviana Murgia, Cosimo Sacco, Nuria Maria Asensio Sierra, Carmela Pisano, Vanda Salutari, Beatrice E. Weber, Eric Pujade-Lauraine, Ciro Gallo, Francesco Perrone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

LBA5501 Background: Three-weekly (3w) CP is standard first-line chemotherapy for AOC pts. Weekly (w) P combined with 3w C prolonged PFS and OS in a JGOG phase III trial. MITO-7 is an academic randomized phase III study, comparing 3w vs. w CP. Methods: AOC chemonaive pts, stage IC-IV, age≤75, ECOG PS≤2, were randomized to 3wCP (C AUC6 + P 175mg/m², d1q21) for 6 cycles or to wCP (C AUC2 + P 60mg/m²) for 18 administrations. Coprimary endpoints were PFS and quality of life (QoL), measured by FACT-O and FACT/GOG-Ntx. With 80% power in detecting HR of 0.75, 2-sided α=0.05, 383 events were needed for PFS analysis. The arms were compared with a log-rank test and in a Cox model adjusted by stage, PS, residual disease, age and size of institution, following intention-to-treat. QoL was measured at baseline and weekly for 9 wks. Interaction between arm and QoL time was tested in a linear mixed model. Toxicity was coded by NCI-CTCAE v3.0. Results: 822 pts were enrolled by MITO, MANGO, and GINECO. Median age was 60; stage III (66%) and IV (18%) were prevalent. As of March 18, 2013, with median follow-up 20 months, 410 PFS events were recorded. Median PFS was 18.8 months with wCP and 16.5 months with 3wCP (HR 0.88, 95%CI 0.72-1.06, p=0.18). Lack of significant difference was confirmed (HR 0.87, 95%CI 0.71-1.05) in Cox model. For all scores, QoL course was significantly different between arms (p&lt;0.0001). With 3wCP, QoL scores clearly worsened after each chemotherapy course (weeks 1, 4, 7), whilst with wCP, after a small and transient worsening at week 1, scores remained stable. Considering severe grades (≥3), wCP produced significantly less neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity, and neuropathy. Conclusions: Compared to standard CP every 3 weeks, weekly CP did not demonstrate a significant benefit in PFS, but was associated with better QoL and toxicity. Clinical trial information: NCT00660842.
Transplantation Milestones
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: JAMA (1995)

TEN YEARS ago in this journal's Landmark Article series of reproduced historical publications, the remarkable impact was described<sup>1</sup>of the 1956 report in<i>JAMA</i>by Merrill et al<sup>2</sup>of an identical twin renal transplantation. The operation was performed in December 1954, by Joseph E. Murray (Nobel Laureate, 1990) and his associates at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. By avoiding problems with rejection, such cases symbolized what might someday be accomplished if the immunologic reaction could be controlled. Then, on January 24, 1959, the barrier posed by genetic nonidentity was breached for the kidneys with a successful fraternal twin transplantation<sup>3</sup>by the same team. Over the ensuing 35 years, the beachhead has been expanded by the successful allotransplantation of the liver,<sup>4</sup>heart,<sup>5</sup>lung,<sup>6</sup>pancreas,<sup>7</sup>intestine,<sup>8</sup>multiple abdominal viscera,<sup>9</sup>and bone marrow.<sup>10,11</sup>Such milestones are never eroded from the landscape, but
Nephrology
Authors: S. G. Massry
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Maintenance dialysis in the major form of renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. In the United States, more than 150 000 patients with end-stage renal disease are treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis per year, at a cost in excess of $5 billion per year. Despite all the scientific progress and the huge public financial investment that made dialysis therapy available to all patients with end-stage renal disease, the mortality among American dialysis patients is significantly higher than among European or Japanese patients.<sup>1</sup>Indeed, the 5-year survival for patients who began their hemodialysis therapy during 1982 through 1987 is 40% in America, 59% in Europe, and 61% in Japan.<sup>1,2</sup> Several factors may be responsible for this difference, including the preponderance of diabetes among American dialysis patients (27% vs 19% in Japan and 10% in Europe) and differences in mortality in the general population, age distribution
Contribution of Serum and Cellular Factors in Host Defense Reactions
Authors: Zanvil A. Cohn, K. Frank Austen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

The importance of cellular factors in the defense of the body to microbial infection has generally been accepted since the studies of Metchnikoff.144 Since that time numerous investigations on the subject have appeared in the literature, with but little in the way of new conceptual material. In many instances Metchnikoff has been revisited rather than extended. The cells involved in host defense that will be considered in this article are those displaying the property of active phagocytosis. These include the polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes of the blood and the fixed and wandering mononuclear cells that form the reticuloendothelial system. Other . . .
Staphylococci in Rural Patients Discharged from Hospital
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The indications for transfusion of freshly drawn blood
Authors: H. A. Oberman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The use of freshly drawn blood for transfusion should be justified by the clinical and laboratory findings manifested by the patient in relation to the known effects of storage on blood. Empirical administration of this product is wasteful, for it depletes the available donor pool and interferes with blood-bank inventory. A review of a variety of clinical situations that frequently occasion requests for freshly drawn blood indicates that most can be treated optimally with specific blood components, relatively fresh blood, or, in some instances, blood of any storage age.
Abstract 2808: Investigating the role of macrophage-mediated suppression in the efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy for metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer cells
Authors: Demi Brownlie, Dahlia Doughty-Shenton, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Takanori Kitamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in females worldwide. Although 5-year survival of breast cancer patients in early stages is 89-100%, that of patients with metastatic tumours is reduced to just 21%, suggesting the requirement of more effective therapies for metastatic breast cancer (MBC). As MBC is refractory to current therapies, NK cell infusion has been suggested as an alternative therapy. However, its efficacy is modest in MBC possibly due to the suppressive nature of the tumour microenvironment, especially through the tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) within it. Here we investigated the effects of TAMs in metastatic tumours on NK cell cytotoxicity, as well as the mechanism behind TAM-mediated NK cell suppression. To evaluate NK cell cytotoxicity, we established a method whereby mouse breast cancer cells were cultured with splenic NK cells, and the resultant tumour cell apoptosis was determined by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. To investigate the effects of TAMs on this NK cytotoxicity, we purified them from lungs with metastatic tumours and added them to this co-culture. We also investigated the suppressive effects of bone marrow-derived macrophages cultured with M-CSF (M-BMMs). To further investigate the mechanism, we depleted TAMs in mice with metastatic tumours and detected inhibitory receptor expression on NK cells as well as NK cell inhibitory ligands on TAMs in the metastatic lung and on M-BMMs by flow cytometry. TAMs from metastatic tumours significantly reduced NK cell cytotoxicity toward tumour cells. M-BMMs (resembling TAMs) also reduced NK cell cytotoxicity. We also found that TAMs and M-BMMs expressed high levels of NK cell inhibitory ligands. There was no difference in the expression of inhibitory receptors on NK cells between tumour bearing lungs with or without TAMs. To conclude, we have shown that TAMs in metastatic tumours, as well as their mimetic M-BMMs, can suppress NK cell cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells in vitro. Our data suggest that TAMs express higher levels of inhibitory ligands and thereby transmit suppressive signals possibly through direct contact with NK cells. Further investigation of mechanisms behind TAM-mediated NK suppression might lead to the improvement of NK cell-based immunotherapy for MBC. Citation Format: Demi Brownlie, Dahlia Doughty-Shenton, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Takanori Kitamura. Investigating the role of macrophage-mediated suppression in the efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy for metastatic outgrowth of breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2808.
Bismuth Nephropathy
Authors: Rodrigo Urizar
Journal: JAMA (1966)

ACCIDENTAL poisoning is a major health hazard and a major cause of mortality among children. Although we are frequently reminded of the increasing complexity of our environment and the growing list of toxic materials available to children for ingestion, few physicians are aware that bismuth salts continue to be marketed and remain among the uncommon yet important causes of poisoning. In the last 45 years there have been numerous reports<sup>1-12</sup>of toxic effects of bismuth which was once a widely used drug in the treatment of syphilis.<sup>13</sup>One of the several current forms of bismuth, bismuth sodium triglycollamate (Bistrimate), is marketed as an oral therapy for the verruca vulgaris, the common wart, and other dermatoses. Several current textbooks of dermatology recommend this therapy even though there is evidence that bismuth is ineffective as therapy for verrucae.<sup>14</sup>Since the drug is available, is prescribed, and is thus a
BRAZIL
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial Board
Authors: Helen Barbour, Federica Giovannini, Alison Wrigley, Manager Moulton, Anders Björklund, Sweden Lund, Sarah Paul Bolam, Barry Dickson, John Disterhoft, Chris Doe, Yukiko Goda, Mark Mattson, Richard Morris, Venkateshn Murthy, Maiken Nedergaard, Nancy Rothwell, Mike Shadlen, Dennis Turner, Kelley Foster, Francesca Galeffi, George Somjen, Isabelle Brunet, Ariel Nardo, Laure Sonnier, Marine Beurdeley, Alain Prochiantz, Holden Higginbotham, Joseph Gleeson, Vikram Rao, Steven Wnts, Sean Speese, Vivian Budnik, Stephen Dunnett, Susan Iversen, Leslie Iversen, Paolo Calabresi, Barbara Picconi, Alessandro Tozzi, Massimiliano Filippo, Anthony Grace, Stan Floresco, Yukiori Goto, Daniel Lodge, D Surmeier, Jun Ding, Michelle Day, Zhongfeng Wang, Weixing Shen, M Cenci, David Sulzer
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2007)