tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PROGERIA, A FORM OF SENILISM.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE RELATION OF TRAUMA TO TUMOR FORMATION.
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract LB-017: Combining tumor mutational burden, CD8+ T-cell abundance and PD1 mRNA expression accurately predicts response to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy across cancers
Authors: Joo Sang Lee, Eytan Ruppin
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Introduction Anti-PD1/PDL1 therapies provide significant survival benefits in many cancers, but the efficacy of these treatments varies considerably across different cancer types. Identifying the underlying variables associated with the cancer type specific response remains an important open research challenge. Here, we systematically evaluate a multitude of variables to determine the key factors that can accurately predict the response to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy across different cancer types. Approach To this end we analyzed whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of 10k patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the overall response rate (ORR) to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy of 21 cancer types obtained from previous clinical trials. We considered more than 30 different variables of three distinct classes: those associated with (a) tumor neoantigen landscape, (b) tumor microenvironment and inflammation, and (c) the checkpoint inhibitor targets. We evaluated the performance of each of these variables and their combinations in predicting the ORR to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy. Prediction accuracy was quantified with Spearman correlation and explained variance quantified through a standard leave-one-out cross-validation. Results Our analysis shows CD8+ T-cell abundance is the most predictive of the response to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy across cancer types, followed by the tumor mutational burden and the fraction of samples with high PD1 gene expression in each cancer type. Notably these top three predictors cover the three distinct classes considered, and their combination is highly predictive of the ORR to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy (Spearman R=0.9, P&amp;lt;1E-7), explaining more than 80% of the variance observed across different tumor types. Conclusions and Relevance This is the first systematic evaluation of the different variables associated with PD1/PDL1 therapy response across different tumor types. Our findings show that, overall cancer types, three key variables can explain most of the observed cross-cancer response variability, but that their relative explanatory roles may vary in specific cancer types. Citation Format: Joo Sang Lee, Eytan Ruppin. Combining tumor mutational burden, CD8+ T-cell abundance and PD1 mRNA expression accurately predicts response to anti-PD1/PDL1 therapy across cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-017.
Pneumocystis Pneumonia Transmission Between Patients With Lymphoma
Authors: James E. Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Two patients with malignancy of the lymphoreticular system were hospitalized in adjacent beds. The first patient (case 1) had<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>pneumonia of unknown source, and in the second patient (case 2) the condition developed after the patient was hospitalized. These cases add support to the concept of man to man transmission of<i>carinii</i>and suggest that the diagnosis be considered in patients with an altered immune response who show signs of pneumonia. Furthermore they suggest that a patient with<i>carinii</i>pneumonia be isolated from other susceptible patients. <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>can cause pneumonia in patients with an altered immune response due to primary immunologic deficiency or malignancy of the lymphoreticular system and its treatment. Transmission between people has been reported in only a few instances.<sup>1-6</sup>Two patients with malignancy of the lymphoreticular system treated with radiation therapy, steroids in large doses, and other chemotherapeutic agents had
Herpes
Authors: J. E. Lascelles
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Objective</h3> This study aimed to develop and validate a new Learning Behaviour Questionnaire (LBQ) for the undergraduate nursing students. <h3>Study design</h3> This study was performed in two phases. Phase 1 of the study focused on questionnaire development to create a pool of items, while phase 2 focused on validity and reliability testing. <h3>Methods</h3> Semistructured interviews were used to explore nursing undergraduates’ perception of learning behaviour. A two-round modified Delphi method was used to test content validity and quantify the degree of consistency in questionnaire items. An item analysis, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an internal consistency reliability check were conducted. Criterion-related validity was demonstrated through correlations with Self-Regulated Learning Scale for Undergraduates (SRLS-U). A sample of 114 nursing students was evaluated in test–retest reliability to confirm stability. <h3>Results</h3> The final LBQ consisted of four factors for the 19-item questionnaire with a 5-point rating from ‘1’ (Fully disagree) to ‘5’ (fully agree). The content validity was 0.890. EFA revealed the presence of four factors, including ‘strategy’, ‘attitude’, ‘motivation’ and ‘degree of satisfaction’. The CFA indicated good fit indexes for the proposed model (χ<sup>2</sup>/df=1.866, root mean square residual=0.037, comparative fit index =0.950, goodness-of-fit index =0.929, Tucker-Lewis index=0.941, adjusted goodness-of-fit index=0.907 and root mean square error of approximation=0.049). The LBQ correlated significantly with SRLS-U subscales (r=0.742–0.837, p&lt;0.01). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.936, while the Cronbach’s alphas of the four factors were 0.828, 0.826, 0.804 and 0.805, respectively. The test–retest reliabilities of the four factors were 0.886, 0.904, 0.852 and 0.875, respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The validity and reliability of the LBQ were satisfying. The LBQ is a short, well-developed questionnaire that can serve as a generic assessment tool for measuring learning behaviour for Chinese undergraduate nursing students.Cite Now
Athlete's Heart in Women
Authors: Antonio Pelliccia
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objectives</h3> —To define the expression of "athlete's heart" in women by determining the alterations in cardiac dimensions associated with long-term intense conditioning in elite female athletes. <h3>Design</h3> —Prospective cardiovascular assessment conducted from 1986 through 1993. Subjects were evaluated using 2-dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiographic studies. <h3>Setting</h3> —Institute of Sports Science, Italian National Olympic Committee, Rome, Italy. <h3>Participants</h3> —A total of 600 elite female athletes (mean age, 21 years; range, 12-49 years) who had participated in vigorous training (mean duration, 9 years; range, 2-32 years) and had competed in 27 sports, including 211 athletes at the international level and 389 at the national level. A control group consisted of 65 sedentary volunteer women (mean age, 23.7 years; range, 14-41 years) who were free of cardiovascular disease and who did not participate in regular athletic training. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> —Left ventricular end-diastolic cavity dimension and wall thickness. <h3>Results</h3> —Athletes demonstrated larger left ventricular end-diastolic cavity dimension (mean±SD)(49±4 mm) and greater maximal wall thickness (8.2±0.9 mm) than controls (46±3 mm and 7.2±0.6 mm;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). These dimensions were 6% and 14% larger in athletes. Among athletes, left ventricular cavity dimension was 40 mm to 66 mm, exceeded normal limits (&gt;54 mm) in 47 women (8%), and was within the range consistent with primary dilated cardiomyopathy (≥60 mm) in 4 athletes (1%). Training for endurance sports, such as cycling, cross-country skiing, and rowing had the greatest effect on cavity dimension. Left ventricular wall thickness was 6 mm to 12 mm in athletes and did not exceed normal limits or extend into the borderline gray zone with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in any subject. Compared with data from 738 previously studied male athletes, female athletes showed significantly smaller left ventricular cavity dimension (11% less; P&lt;.001) and wall thickness (23% less;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> —Highly trained women athletes frequently demonstrate cardiac dimensional changes as an adaptation to physical training, although absolute left ventricular cavity size exceeding normal limits was evident in a minority (8%) of women athletes and was rarely (1% of athletes) within the range of dilated cardiomyopathy. Athletic training was not a stimulus for substantial increases in absolute left ventricular wall thickness, which was within normal limits for all women athletes. These findings suggest that the clinical differentiation of athlete's heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy appears to be a diagnostic dilemma that is limited to male athletes.
Health in Russia
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Noradrenaline
Authors: H. Vaishnava
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Melanoma antigen (MAGE)-A derived peptides are tumour-specific and induce a strong in vitro T-cell response, if presented with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules, which are involved in T-cell-mediated immune surveillance. MAGE-A-derived peptides are recognised by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The MAGE-A expression profile of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) was analysed by PCR assay covering MAGE-A transcripts in 13 patients. MAGE-A peptide expression was determined using a reverse transcription-PCR method. Cryostat sections were stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against HLA class I molecules. Twelve (92.3%) out of thirteen tumours expressed one MAGE-A gene. In at least 90% of the tumours, one MAGE-A peptide was expressed. Determination of the HLA status of the tumours showed a significant loss in approximately 40% of the tumours. The tumour-specific expression of MAGE genes and antigens encoded by a MAGE-family gene may represent useful targets for tumour-specific immunotherapy in HCC patients, in addition to established treatment options.
&lt;TITLE&gt;JAMA Patient Page: The doctor will see you now&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Mi Hwang, Richard Glass, Jeff Molter
Journal: JAMA (1998)

years 3 to 6 years 2+ years IMGs are doctors who received their medical education at medical schools outside the United States and are being trained in or have graduated from residency programs in the United States.This diverse group of doctors are not just foreign-born physicians but also U.S. citizens who chose to get their medical education abroad.Approximately 24% of all licensed U.S. physicians are IMGs.
Error in Author Affiliation and Results
Authors: Sonia Anand, Catherine Middleton, Scott Leear
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2017)

In Reply We appreciate the interest of Chidambaram and Goh in our article. 1 As they point out, our trial population included men and women (mean [SD] age, 50.6 [11.4] years) who had a moderate risk of future myocardial infarction based on their risk score and who were free of cardiovascular disease.Thus, our findings that a digital health intervention consisting of goal setting and regular email or text messages was not effective in reducing risk factors applies to this population and may not be generalizable to older South Asian individuals at higher risk, ie, with established cardiovascular disease or with a higher mean risk score.As has been seen in the TEXT ME trial, 2 patients with established cardiovascular disease may "feel their risk" such that they are more motivated (because of their recent cardiac hospitalization) to make risk factor changes in response to a frequent text intervention.Chidambaram and Goh also ask whether the intervention period in our study 1 was too short (1 year) for people to make risk factor changes.We chose this period after conducting a pilot study that was 6 months in duration because we thought it was a realistic period of time to motivate and assist participants to make and sustain dietary and activity behaviors and because the period was more pragmatic than high-intensity short-term trials in which extreme behavior change observed in the first 6 months of an intervention tapers off over time. 3 The glycated hemoglobin A 1C levels and stress did decrease by 2.2% and 38.0%, respectively, in the intervention group after 1 year, but importantly, the levels from the control group decreased by a similar 1.7% and 31.4%.This emphasizes why the randomized trial design is essential to prove an intervention is effective over and above usual change, which could have been biased in the case of self-reported stress.We disagree with Chidambaram and Goh that pharmacotherapy is ineffective in primary prevention.Certainly, the recent HOPE-3 trial 4 shows the additive benefit of lowering blood pressure and lipid levels in people with an intermediate INTERHEART risk score without established cardiovascular disease.Finally, we agree that a digital health intervention offers a low-cost and potentially scalable intervention to assist a high-risk population to change and sustain optimal health behaviors over time.The digital health intervention should be further evaluated in different risk groups with a variety of messaging formats to assess the effect of timing, frequency, content, and intensity of messaging on promoting risk factor changes.
Impact of shunt surgery for variceal bleeding in the natural history of ascites in cirrhosis: A retrospective study
Authors: A Castells
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Despite the efficacy of shunt surgery in the treatment of variceal bleeding, less effective nonoperative therapies are being substituted because surgical shunt does not modify survival and increases hepatic encephalopathy. However, the real impact of shunt surgery on the natural history of ascites and its complications has not been established. The course of 204 Child-Pugh A and B cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding included in three controlled trials of our units who survived first hospitalization was updated. Ninetyeight patients (group I) were treated by portacaval (56 patients) or distal splenorenal (42 patients) shunt, whereas 106 (group II) were treated by nonshunt procedures (sclerotherapy in 89 patients and staple transection in 17 patients). As expected, the 5-yr probability of variceal rebleeding was lower (13% vs. 44%) and hepatic encephalopathy higher (50% vs. 28%) in group I than in group II, and survival was similar (67% vs. 60%). Shunt surgery had a great impact on the natural history of ascites and its complications. The probability of occurrence of ascites (15% vs. 73%; p < 0.0001), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (2% vs. 21%; p < 0.0001) and hepatorenal syndrome (4% vs. 21%; p < 0.01) was greatly reduced. These beneficial effects accounted for the lower percentage patients requiring readmissions (51% vs. 70%; p = 0.02) and shorter total time spent in hospital (14 + 22 vs. 26 + 39 days/patient p = 0.01) in group I. These data indicate that shunt surgery, in addition to reducing the probability of rebleeding, markedly decreases the probability of ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatorenal syndrome development. Therefore, ascites and its complications should be considered in any therapeutic trial assessing the efficacy of surgical or percutaneous portacaval anastomosis on variceal bleeding. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;20:584-591).
Athletic facial injuries: call in everyone
Authors: David J. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journalpublished an article by Schultz and de Camara<sup>1</sup>concisely delineating the diagnosis and treatment of minor and serious facial injuries. Traumatic hyphema should have been considered an addendum to the list of serious athletic facial injuries in Fig 1. In a series on soccerball-induced ocular injuries by Burke et al,<sup>2</sup>traumatic hyphema was observed in 50% of their patients. Although none experienced repeated bleeding, secondary hemorrhage is a potential risk that can occur in up to 38% of blunt ocular injuries.<sup>3</sup>If the rebleeding results in a total hyphema, as observed in one third of all secondary hemorrhages in one study,<sup>4</sup>then the incidence of good recovery visual acuity (&gt;20/50) is markedly reduced. Furthermore, sequelae such as optic atrophy, elevated intraocular pressure, peripheral anterior synechiae, and corneal blood staining may occur. Although subconjunctival injuries can be minor, they may mask more
The do-not-resuscitate order in teaching hospitals
Authors: A. L. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We studied the use of do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders at three teaching hospitals that did not have official protocols for such orders to see whether their use meets the goals (decision making before a crisis and promoting patient autonomy) that have been identified for such orders. We found that 20% of all patients had or were being considered for DNR orders, that the patient and/or family was usually involved (83%) in the decision not to resuscitate, but rarely involved (25%) in decisions to resuscitate, or in cases of no decision, that a wide range of care was provided to patients with a DNR status, and that partial resuscitative efforts would be employed in some cases. Our main conclusion in light of our findings is that DNR orders are currently not fulfilling their major goals. We offer six proposals for improving future DNR protocols. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:2236-2239)
Diaphragm pacing.
Authors: J Moxham, D Potter
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Diaphragm pacingDiaphragm pacing is a technique of artificial ventilation using electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerves to produce diaphragm contraction.Electro- therapists of the nineteenth century were well acquainted with phrenic nerve stimulation but Sarnoff and colleagues' in 1948 were the first to show that the technique could maintain adequate ventilation.Sarnoff used percutaneous and transcutaneous elec- trodes, clearly not suitable for longterm use, and further clinical progress had to await the development of miniature stimulators that could be implanted.In 1966 Glen and coworkers2 first treated a patient with chronic ventilatory failure, using a radiofrequency system with an implantable receiver and electrode but an external power source.This group has subsequently treated more than 80 patients and has made scientific contributions to all aspects of diaphragm pacing.3Only in 1980 was the first patient treated in Britain.4Worldwide more than 600 patients have been treated in this way.Pacing can be considered only for patients with chronic ventilatory failure whose lungs are relatively normal and who have no appreciable impairment of function of the distal phrenic nerves or diaphragm.
Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome and steroid diabetes. Occurrence after renal transplantation
Authors: J. E. Woods
Journal: JAMA (1975)

So-called steroid (glucocorticoids) diabetes developed in 11 (5.5%) of 202 patients receiving 216 renal allografts between December 1963 and June 1974. In three of the 11 patients, hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome was present at diagnosis; all of the three recovered. Eight of the 11 patients survived with functioning allografts, and only one of the eight requires insulin. Hyperglycemia has been detected in most transplant patients tested in the immediate postoperative period. Factors (including stress from surgery and treatment with drugs such as furosemide) predispose to this condition. (<i>JAMA</i>231:1261-1263, 1975)
Is Cholera a Problem for US Travelers?
Authors: John D. Snyder
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Only ten cases of cholera in US travelers have been reported since the current cholera pandemic began in 1961. No important risk factors were apparent from assessing the age, place of acquisition, duration or mode of travel before infection, or history of cholera vaccination of the travelers who acquired cholera. All of the patients received medical treatment and all recovered; there were no secondary cases. Nine of the ten were infected by<i>Vibrio cholerae</i>01 El Tor, the strain responsible for the current pandemic. Using the number of US citizens returning to the United States by commercial air carrier from Asia, Africa, and Oceania to estimate the population at risk, we found that the chance of acquiring a reported case of cholera is less than one case per 500,000 returning travelers. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2268-2269)