tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Optic Funduscopy.
Authors: J. B. Hickam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Optic Funduscopy.J. B. Hickam, M.D., F.A.C.P.J. B. Hickam, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-728_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis presentation will describe the results of observations made by unconventional techniques on the retinal circulation of normal persons and patients with a variety of systemic disorders often associated with retinopathy. The techniques are based on retinal photography and consist of (1) measurement of change in the diameter of retinal vessels resulting from various stimuli, especially oxygen inhalation; (2) measurement of retinal arteriovenous blood oxygen difference; and (3) direct observation of the retinal circulation by photography with appropriate filters after intravenous administration of fluorescein.The retinal vessels normally constrict when 100% oxygen is inhaled, and dilate when a 10% oxygen... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Indianapolis, Ind. (ML) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 728-728KeywordsInhalationOxygenPhotographyRetinal vesselsRetinopathy Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PRESENT-DAY CHEMOTHERAPY
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drug Legalization, Harm Reduction, and Drug Policy
Authors: Eric A. Voth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 April 1996Drug Legalization, Harm Reduction, and Drug PolicyEric A. Voth, MD and Robert L. DuPont, MDEric A. Voth, MDInternational Drug Strategy Institute; Topeka, KS 66606Institute for Behavior and Health Rockville, MD 20852Search for more papers by this author and Robert L. DuPont, MDInternational Drug Strategy Institute; Topeka, KS 66606Institute for Behavior and Health Rockville, MD 20852Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-8-199604150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As we pointed out in our article on drug policy [1], the important question involves not so much the details of a particular policy but whether the policy would result in more or less drug use. We do not support any drug policy that would result in an increase in drug abuse. Legal drugs cost society far more than illegal drugs in terms of medical care, lost productivity, death, crime, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ($66.9 billion compared with $170 billion). We have never seen anyone addicted to legal or illegal drugs who was “happier, more free ...References1. DuPont RL, Voth EA. Drug legalization, harm reduction, and drug policy. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:461-5. Google Scholar2. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. The costs of illegal drug use. In: Drugs, Crime, and the Criminal Justice System. NCJ-133652, 126-127. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics; 1992. Google Scholar3. Centrale Recherche Informatie 1993 report. Criminal Investigation Department. Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 1993. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Eric A. Voth, MD; Robert L. DuPont, MDAffiliations: International Drug Strategy Institute; Topeka, KS 66606Institute for Behavior and Health Rockville, MD 20852 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1996Volume 124, Issue 8Page: 777KeywordsAIDSAddictsAlcoholsCrimeDrug addictionDrug policyDrug regulationDrugsMarijuanaViolent crime ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
From the National Institutes of Health
Authors: Bernadine Healy
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
How Do Risk Factors Work Together? Mediators, Moderators, and Independent, Overlapping, and Proxy Risk Factors
Authors: H. C. Kraemer
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: The authors developed a methodological basis for investigating how risk factors work together. Better methods are needed for understanding the etiology of disorders, such as psychiatric syndromes, that presumably are the result of complex causal chains. METHOD: Approaches from psychology, epidemiology, clinical trials, and basic sciences were synthesized. RESULTS: The authors define conceptually and operationally five different clinically important ways in which two risk factors may work together to influence an outcome: as proxy, overlapping, and independent risk factors and as mediators and moderators. CONCLUSIONS: Classifying putative risk factors into these qualitatively different types can help identify high-risk individuals in need of preventive interventions and can help inform the content of such interventions. These methods may also help bridge the gaps between theory, the basic and clinical sciences, and clinical and policy applications and thus aid the search for early diagnoses and for highly effective preventive and treatment interventions.
Liejacking
Authors: M. D. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Individuals with factitious disorders feign or intentionally self-induce illness because of a psychological need to assume the sick role.<sup>1</sup>These individuals often display dramatic medical conditions, such as gross bleeding or incapacitating pain, that will force doctors and others to attend to them immediately.<sup>2</sup>We describe a teenager whose factitious seizure while on an airliner not only mobilized immediate attention, but actually led to the plane's being diverted, a phenomenon we dub "liejacking." <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 14-year-old boy had a 1-year history of ostensive asthma leading to continual testing and medication adjustment, but with little success. Emergency department visits had been extremely frequent, and he had received more than 100 epinephrine injections because of acute respiratory distress. On occasion, he also displayed seizures, and his medical conditions had led to his being placed in a home-schooling program. While flying from his home to
The Analysis Of Visual Motion: From Computational Theory To Neuronal Mechanisms
Authors: E. Hildreth
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1987)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
Spurious Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Carl R. Kjeldsberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Extensive clinical investigation is usually demanded by the report of thrombocytopenia. Therefore, it is important to be aware that, even with automated equipment, low platelet counts may be erroneous due to causes such as giant platelets, platelet agglutinins, and platelet satellitism. Each of these may lead to a spurious diagnosis of thrombocytopenia because of in vitro artifact.
Volvulus of the spleen
Authors: E. W. Pollak
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Volvulus of the spleen in absence of malarious splenomegaly is rare. Most reported instances occur in young and middle-aged women and are related to a congenital abnormality of the mesogastrium, pregnancy, and multiparity. In this reported case of splenic volvulus in a young, multiparous woman, posterior mesogastrium malformation was the cause. Certain preoperative findings could suggest this infrequent diagnosis in future cases. (<i>JAMA</i>237:469-470, 1977)
Abstract 12518: Ventricular Arrhythmias and Mortality After Left Ventricular Assist Devices Implantation: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nader Makki, Olurotimi Mesubi, Curtis Steyers, Brian Olshansky
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are among the most commonly reported adverse effects associated with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). However, prevalence of VAs post-LVAD implantation, and their relation to all-cause mortality, remains to be elucidated. We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of observational studies with the primary objective of evaluating the risk of VAs after LVAD implantation and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with LVADs who had VAs. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central from 2001 to 2014. Two reviewers independently searched,selected and assessed quality of included studies with differences resolved by consensus. Data were collected and analyzed using random and fixed-effect model, as appropriate, with inverse variance weighting. Results: Of 2,393 studies identified, 15 observational studies were eligible including 1,517 patients with a mean follow up of 201 days. An LVAD was associated with an increased risk of VA after implantation (OR = 2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37-3.59, p&lt;0.001).There was an increased risk of all-cause mortality in LVAD patients who had post-LVAD VA (OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.18-3.11, p&lt;0.001). Using meta-regression and sensitivity analyses to account for risk factors such as etiology of cardiomyopathy, duration of follow-up, destination LVAD versus bridge therapy and presence of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator at time of LVAD implantation did not change the results of our main analysis. Conclusions: LVADs are associated with an increased risk of VA and presence of VAs post LVAD implantation is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality.
Vitamin D deficiency in homebound elderly persons
Authors: F. M. Gloth
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the vitamin D status in homebound, community-dwelling elderly persons; sunlight-deprived elderly nursing home residents; and healthy, ambulatory elderly persons. <h3>Design.</h3> —A cohort analytic study. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Of 244 subjects at least 65 years old, 116 subjects (85 women and 31 men) had been confined indoors for at least 6 months, either in private dwellings in the community (the Hopkins Elder Housecall Program) or in a teaching nursing home (The Johns Hopkins Geriatrics Center). The 128 control subjects, a healthy ambulatory group, came from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging. All subjects were free of diseases or medications that might interfere with their vitamin D status. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]<sub>2</sub>D) were measured in all subjects. In a subgroup of 80 subjects, serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (PTH), ionized calcium, and osteocalcin and intake of vitamin D (through 3-day food records) were assessed. A randomly selected cohort of sunlight-deprived subjects also had serum levels of vitamin D binding protein measured. <h3>Results.</h3> —In sunlight-deprived subjects overall, the mean 25-OHD level was 30 nmol/L (12 ng/mL) (range, &lt; 10 to 77 nmol/L [&lt;4 to 31 ng/mL]) and the mean 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>D level was 52 pmol/L (20 pg/mL) (range, 18 to 122 pmol/L [7 to 47 pg/mL]). In the sunlight-deprived subjects, 54% of community dwellers and 38% of nursing home residents had serum levels of 25-OHD below 25 nmol/L (10 ng/mL) (normal range, 25 to 137 nmol/L [10 to 55 ng/mL]). A significant inverse relationship existed between 25-OHD (ie, Log [25-OHD]) and PTH when they were analyzed together (<i>r</i>=-0.42;<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.18;<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and for each cohort separately. All other parameters measured, except ionized calcium, differed significantly from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study Group means. The mean (SD) daily intakes of vitamin D (121 [132] IU) and calcium (583 [322] mg) were below the recommended dietary allowance only in the community-dwelling homebound population. The mean vitamin D binding protein level in the sunlight-deprived subgroup was in the normal range. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Despite a relatively high degree of vitamin supplementation in the United States, homebound elderly persons are likely to suffer from vitamin D deficiency. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1683-1686)
The health cost of 'tight' homes
Authors: P. A. Breysse
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Home insulation means energy conservation. How can one find fault with a concept that, it is hoped, will allow us to reduce our dependence on foreign oil? Unfortunately, the present energy conservation program as it applies to building structures and, most important, to homes involves making our habitable structures as "tight" as possible. There is no doubt that unless a reasonable and logical plan is developed, the deleterious health impacts of excessive home tightening will be enormous. The use of urea formaldehyde foam insulation and particle board resulting in long-term formaldehyde release simply highlights some of these consequences (see p 243). Formaldehyde's potential for causing skin disease has been well documented: it can induce dermatitis by irritation, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and immediate urticarial reactions. It can result in irritation of the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Formaldehyde has also been incriminated in the induction of an inflammatory bronchitis and bronchial asthma.
Considerations for Distinguishing Influenza-like Illness From Inhalational Anthrax
Journal: JAMA (2001)

CDC has issued guidelines on the evaluation of persons with a history of exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores or who have an occupational or environmental risk for anthrax exposure. This notice describes the clinical evaluation of persons who are not known to be at increased risk for anthrax but who have symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI). Clinicians evaluating persons with ILI should consider a combination of epidemiologic, clinical, and, if indicated, laboratory and radiographic test results to evaluate the likelihood that inhalational anthrax is the basis for ILI symptoms.
Ethnic mix
Authors: H. V. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Pattern recognition receptors are preferentially expressed on APCs allowing selective uptake of pathogens for the initiation of antimicrobial immunity. In particular, C-type lectin receptors, including the mannose receptor (MR), facilitate APC-mediated adsorptive endocytosis of microbial glyconjugates. We have investigated the potential of antigenic targeting to the MR as a means to induce Ag-specific humoral and cellular immunity. hMR transgenic (hMR Tg) mice were generated to allow specific targeting with the anti-hMR Ab, B11. We show that hMR targeting induced both humoral and cellular antigenic specific immunity. Immunization of hMR Tg mice with B11 mAbs induced potent humoral responses independent of adjuvant. Injection of hMR Tg mice with mouse anti-hMR Ab clone 19.2 elicited anti-Id-specific humoral immunity while non-Tg mice were unresponsive. B11-OVA fusion proteins (B11-OVA) were efficiently presented to OVA-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in MR Tg, but not in non-Tg, mice. Effector differentiation of responding T cells in MR Tg mice was significantly enhanced with concomitant immunization with the TLR agonist, CpG. Administration of both CpG and B11-OVA to hMR Tg mice induced OVA-specific tumor immunity while WT mice remained unprotected. These studies support the clinical development of immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer using pattern recognition receptor targeting systems for the selective delivery of tumor Ags to APCs.
Perforated and embedded intrauterine devices
Authors: C. H. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Since the reviewer for<i>JAMA</i>recommended the book<i>The Final Epidemic: Physicians and Scientists on Nuclear War</i><sup>1</sup>"to all physicians for their essential reading list" (1982;247:3138), I ordered a copy. This "basic reference work," while describing many of the possible mechanisms of death from nuclear war, fails to provide any information that might help a physician who has the misfortune of surviving the holocaust. Topics such as the construction and use of a dosimeter, decontamination procedures, the prevention and treatment of typhoid and plague, and elementary sanitation methods for fallout shelters are omitted because all civil defense is called "useless" and a "moral travesty." Whereas some of the recommendations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency deserve the ridicule they receive, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory has actually field-tested many lifesaving measures, including blast shelters of Soviet design.<sup>2</sup>This work is simply not mentioned. Everyone is
Proteomics informed by transcriptomics reveals Hendra virus sensitizes bat cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis
Authors: James W Wynne, Brian J Shiell, Glenn A Marsh, Victoria Boyd, Jennifer A Harper, Kate Heesom, Paul Monaghan, Peng Zhou, Jean Payne, Reuben Klein, Shawn Todd, Lawrence Mok, Diane Green, John Bingham, Mary Tachedjian, Michelle L Baker, David Matthews, Lin-Fa Wang
Journal: Genome biology (2014)

Abstract Background Bats are a major reservoir of emerging infectious viruses. Many of these viruses are highly pathogenic to humans however bats remain asymptomatic. The mechanism by which bats control viral replication is unknown. Here we utilize an integrated approach of proteomics informed by transcriptomics to compare the response of immortalized bat and human cells following infection with the highly pathogenic bat-borne Hendra virus (HeV). Results The host response between the cell lines was significantly different at both the mRNA and protein levels. Human cells demonstrated minimal response eight hours post infection, followed by a global suppression of mRNA and protein abundance. Bat cells demonstrated a robust immune response eight hours post infection, which led to the up-regulation of apoptosis pathways, mediated through the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). HeV sensitized bat cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, by up-regulating death receptor transcripts. At 48 and 72 hours post infection, bat cells demonstrated a significant increase in apoptotic cell death. Conclusions This is the first study to comprehensively compare the response of bat and human cells to a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus. An early induction of innate immune processes followed by apoptosis of virally infected bat cells highlights the possible involvement of programmed cell death in the host response. Our study shows for the first time a side-by-side high-throughput analysis of a dangerous zoonotic virus in cell lines derived from humans and the natural bat host. This enables a way to search for divergent mechanisms at a molecular level that may influence host pathogenesis.
Changes brewing for food labels as national concern about diet and health continues to grow
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

AMID the diet-disease debate, while scientists seek to answer the public's and medical profession's nutrition questions, changes are taking form in food labeling. What that form will be remains to be determined. At present, the labels of all foods are required to list all ingredients in order of descending weight. Moreover, approximately 60% of all foods bear labels that list the number of calories and percentages of protein, carbohydrate, fat, sodium, and the US daily requirement of vitamins, although only those foods with added nutrients and those for which the manufacturers have made nutrition claims are required to do so. The Center for Science in the Public Interest, a Washington, DC, consumer organization, suggests that an "improved" label would indicate the serving size (probably in ounces), the number of servings per container, the total number of calories, and (in grams or milligrams) the total level of fat, cholesterol-raising fat, cholesterol,
The HSD17B13 rs6834314 variant is associated with liver stiffness measurement in untreated HCV-3 patients with cirrhosis
Authors: Enrico Galmozzi, Floriana Facchetti, Riccardo Perbellini, Roberta D’Ambrosio, Elisabetta Degasperi, Roberta Soffredini, Marta Borghi, Pietro Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
This Week in JAMA
Journal: JAMA (2001)

A Piece of My Mind"It may seem bizarre to look at a lifethreatening disease as an opportunity for growth and learning, but it is almost inevitable that growth and learning will occur."From "Live and Learn." SEE PAGE 2371 Medical News & PerspectivesDifficulty in providing medical care, food, and shelter to the displaced, impoverished population in Afghanistan is leaving aid workers frustrated and Afghans distressed.