tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Carcinogenicity of Arsenic
Authors: Goran Pershagen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

A carcinogenic role of inorganic arsenic has been suspected for nearly a century. Exposure to inorganic arsenic compounds occurs in some occupational groups, e.g., among smelter workers and workers engaged in the production and use of arsenic containing pesticides. Substantial exposure can also result from drinking water in certain areas and the use of some drugs. Tobacco and wine have had high As concentrations due to the use of arsenic containing pesticides. Inorganic arsenic compounds interfere with DNA repair mechanisms and an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations have been observed among exposed workers and patients. Epidemiological data show that inorganic arsenic exposure can cause cancer of the lung and skin. The evidence of an etiologic role of arsenic for angiosarcoma of the liver is highly suggestive; however, the association between arsenic and cancer of other sites needs further investigation. No epidemiological data are available on exposure to organic arsenic compounds and cancer. Animal carcinogenicity studies involving exposure to various inorganic and organic arsenic compounds by different routes have been negative, with the possible exception of some preliminary data regarding lung cancer and leukemia. Some studies have indicated an increased mortality from lung cancer in populations living near point emission sources of arsenic into the air. The role of arsenic cannot be evaluated due to lack of exposure data. Epidemiological data suggest that the present WHO standard for drinking water (50 micrograms As/l.) provides only a small safety margin with regard to skin cancer.
Increased expression of apoptosis signalling receptors by alveolar macrophages in sarcoidosis
Authors: H. Dai, J Guzman, U. Costabel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Pulmonary surfactant is a complex and highly surface active material composed of lipids and proteins which is found in the fluid lining the alveolar surface of the lungs. Surfactant prevents alveolar collapse at low lung volume, and preserves bronchiolar patency during normal and forced respiration (biophysical functions). In addition, it is involved in the protection of the lungs from injuries and infections caused by inhaled particles and micro-organisms (immunological, non-biophysical functions). Pulmonary surfactant can only be harvested by lavage procedures, which may disrupt its pre-existing biophysical and biochemical micro-organization. These limitations must always be considered when interpreting ex vivo studies of pulmonary surfactant. A pathophysiological role for surfactant was first appreciated in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome and hyaline membrane disease, a condition which is nowadays routinely treated with exogenous surfactant replacement. Biochemical surfactant abnormalities of varying degrees have been described in obstructive lung diseases (asthma, bronchiolitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and following lung transplantation), infectious and suppurative lung diseases (cystic fibrosis, pneumonia, and human immunodeficiency virus), adult respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary oedema, other diseases specific to infants (chronic lung disease of prematurity, and surfactant protein-B deficiency), interstitial lung diseases (sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis), pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, following cardiopulmonary bypass, and in smokers. For some pulmonary conditions surfactant replacement therapy is on the horizon, but for the majority much more needs to be learnt about the pathophysiological role the observed surfactant abnormalities may have.
The effect of gamma-irradiation on the adherent capacity and iron metabolism of alveolar macrophages in mice and rats.
Authors: Y Kubota, H Sato, S Takahashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The effect of external gamma-irradiation on the survival of alveolar macrophages (AM) and on the extracellular release of 59Fe from AM-ingested [59Fe]iron hydroxide colloid was investigated in vitro using cells from C3H mice and Wistar rats. 59Fe release from mouse AM was enhanced by irradiation in a dose-dependent fashion, but irradiation up to 112 Gy did not affect the release from rat AM. Cell survival of AM, measured by direct counting of cell nuclei of adherent AM or vital staining with crystal violet, decreased dose dependently in mice and rats, but mouse AM were more radiosensitive than rat AM.
Elevated blood pressure levels in adolescents, Evans County, Georgia. Seven-year follow-up of 30 patients and 30 controls
Authors: S. Heyden
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Hypertension in adolescents is still a debatable subject in regard to prognosis. Conclusions on the significance of "prehypertension" have been divided and no long-term follow-up has been reported in a representative population. In a group of 435 adolescents of the Evans County Epidemiologic Study, 11% had hypertension (≥140 and/ or ≥90 mm Hg) in 1961. After seven years, 30 of this group were reevaluated. Two deaths from cerebral hemorrhage occurred. One patient has hypertensive heart disease; sustained hypertension with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular symptoms developed in three more. Five were found to have asymptomatic sustained hypertension. Seven more had hypertension not reaching levels of sustained hypertension (≥160 and/or ≥95 mm Hg). Twelve have become normotensive. The most impressive associated finding was overweight and subsequent weight gain in eventual sustained hypertensives.
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Psychology
Authors: W. H. Lowe
Journal: BMJ (1875)

complexity of the problem how foulness acts in producing disease.There may be filth without disease of an epidemic sort.King Edward II, when in confinement at Berkeley Castle, was placed in a room contiguous to a well into which carcases of horses and dogs were thrown, in order to poison him with their effluvia; but the poor monarch would not die, and his entrails were burned with red-hot irons.Yet a sanitarian would know that not only the king, but all in the castle were in jeopardy by the foul experiment; for a single par- ticular microsyme of a fatal disease might have planted itself on the filthy soil and multiplied exceedingly.Even the septic living germs of disease may be waniting under cer- tain conditions; but more generally they are present to attack the bodies of the living and to corrupt the bodies of the dead, if they find a filthy soil suitable to their growth.Though the royal captive escaped the deadly effects of his exposure, prisoners before the time of Howard were notoriously victims to like influences.Tennyson, in his recent drama, thus describes the effects of filth on captive heretics."In breathless duingeons over steaming sewers, Fed with rank bread that crawled uipon the tongue, And putrid water, every drop a worm, Until they died of rotted limbs; and then Cast on the dunghill naked, and become Hideously alive again from head to heel, Mlade even the carrion-nosing mongrel vomit With hate and horror."Independently of all theories of causation, we know that diseases require filthy surroundings in the air, water, food, clothing, and soil before they become permanently located.A great wave of an epi- demic may pass over all our sanitary barriers, though the ordinary and lesser waves are broken by them.The greater and lesser epi- demic waves are, like storms in the air, beneficent remediers of a dis- turbed equilibrium ; for pestilences, in relation to whole populations, resemble that angel of mercy who stood in the way of the prophet
Patient Dumping
Authors: David A. Ansell
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DURING the past five years, there have been dramatic increases in patient dumping throughout the United States. Patient transfers increased from 70 per month in 1982 to more than 200 per month in 1983 in Dallas<sup>1</sup>; from 169 per year to 930 per year from 1981 to 1985 in Washington, DC (<i>Washington Post</i>, Feb 27,1986, p A14); and, in Chicago, from 1295 per year in 1980 to 5652 per year in 1984. Initial reports of this escalating problem were from large urban public hospitals, and it has now also been reported in smaller cities and rural areas (<i>Wall Street Journal</i>, March 8, 1985, p 27).<sup>2-4</sup>Patient dumping has been recently documented at more than 40 public hospitals in Texas alone.<sup>5</sup>We define patient dumping as the denial of or limitation in the provision of medical services to a patient for economic reasons and the referral of that patient
CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS.
Authors: DANIEL R. BROWER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>Gentlmen:</h3> —Through the indefatigable exertions of our distinguished Secretary, we have before us the best program ever presented to the Section. An effort has been made to arrange the work along three important neurologic lines, and you will have presented to you papers on these several topics from some of the most eminent physicians of the country, and I trust that we will be equally favored in the learned discussions that will follow. As you observe, the first symposium is on hypnotism, a subject now very prominently before both the profession and the laity, and they earnestly desire that some such representative body as this, will make positive declarations as to its value in the cure of disease and as to its place in criminal jurisprudence. The papers that will be read and the discussion that I trust will follow, will at least bring us<i>nearer</i>to a settlement of
A6.5 Toll-like receptor dependent autoantigens and vesicles from P.gingivalis in animal models of RA to modulate collagen and collagen antibody induced arthritis
Authors: B Marklein, M Sohn, Z Konthur, K Grimm, G Steiner, F Apparailly, G-R Burmester, K Skriner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> A variety of animal models suggest that TLR signalling is important in the pathogenesis of RA and the generation of specific autoantibodies. This study was conducted with sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, as well as with arthritis animal models to identify identical autoantigens dependent on TLR 7 and 9 in human and animal models for disease modifying use. Moreover TLR2 and TLR 4 modulating bacterial vesicles from P gingivalis containing PAD (Peptidyl-Arginine Deiminase) which is involved in citrullination was used to study the TLR2/4 in arthritis. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Using protein filter technology (28000 human protein filter) the autoantigen profile of RA patients, mouse collagen and zymosan induced arthritis, as well as collagen and pristan induced arthritis in rats and TLR7, TLR9 deficient double-deficient and MyoD88 and Tir8 deficient mice of the MRL-lpr/lpr background were obtained. Cationic liposomes transferring siRNAs, bacterial vesicles, lipomannan and LPS were used for the validation of their potential as therapeutic target in collagen or collagen antibody induced arthritis (CAIA). <h3>Results</h3> We found 18 identical proteins targeted in human and animal situations of arthritis. These data identify mRNA binding hnRNPs proteins which are part of P bodies, stress granules and components of messenger RNA stability complex as well as CRP binding proteins as target molecules in mice, rats and humans with RA. Moreover, we found MyoD88 independent autoantigens which are not expressed in the thymus or proteins such as high mobility group box proteins 1 and 2 which are MyoD88 independent sensors of nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses. Systemic administration of siRNAs with cationic liposomes inhibiting expression of Toll dependent autoantigens overexpressed and targeted by autoantibodies in the human and mouse synovial tissue were used for the validation of their potential to inhibit collagen induced arthritis in C57BL/6J mice. Moreover P.gingivalis vesicles containing the the PAD induce a mild inflammatory response in the CAIA model of arthritis. P.gingivalis LPS and lipomannan treated animals show a 80% reduction of athrithis score compared to E. coli LPS in a C57BL/6J CAIA model. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Systemic blocking of common RNA or DNA binding proteins overexpressed in synovial target tissue appears to modify arthritis. <i>P. gingivalis</i> vesicles evolved the ability to intercept and undermine a subset of TLR2/4 signalling events for corrupting innate immunity and modulate RA.
This week in the BMJ: Children treated for heart conditions survive equally well across UK
Journal: BMJ (2004)

placebo gels were rubbed onto the skin in the same way as active treatments, we found that active treatments were significantly better than placebo.Creating double blind conditions in trials of counter irritants can be problematic as rubefacients irritate the skin whereas inactive placebos do not.Some studies allowed for this by removing the principle ingredient from the treatment, leaving a placebo vehicle containing some other potentially irritant ingredients.Although the number needed to treat for combined outcomes of trials of this type was greater (worse) than for trials with inactive placebo, the difference was not statistically significant and there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions.
FIBROID TUMORS OF THE UTERUS.A STUDY OF THE DEGENERATIONS AND COMPLICATIONS IN TWENTY-TWO HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FOUR CASES.
Authors: CHARLES P. NOBLE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>SARCOMA AS A COMPLICATION OF FIBROMYOMATA UTERI.</h3> Sarcoma of the uterus was present in 34 of the 2,274 women, or 1.4 per cent. In the 337 cases operated on by me, there were 2 cases of sarcoma, and in the last 100 operations there was no case of sarcoma. It is known by pathologists that a fibroid tumor may undergo a sarcomatous degeneration, that is, that the fibroid tumor itself may be converted into a sarcoma. On the other hand, certain clinicians believe that many cases in which this degeneration is supposed to have occurred were really sarcomata from the beginning. Winter<sup>7</sup>reports two series of cases with reference to the relation of fibroid tumors to sarcoma. The first consists of 500 cases in which only the suspicious points were examined microscopically. In this series sarcoma was found in 3.2 per cent.; in the second series, consisting of 253
Targeted Retrograde Gene Delivery for Neuronal Protection
Authors: Brian K. Kaspar, Dawn Erickson, David Schaffer, Linda Hinh, Fred H. Gage, Daniel A. Peterson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

The cellular heterogeneity and complex circuitry of the central nervous system make it difficult to achieve precise delivery of experimental and therapeutic agents. We report here an in vivo retrograde gene delivery strategy to target mature projection neurons using adeno-associated virus, a vector with low toxicity and the capacity for long-term gene expression. Viral delivery to axon terminal fields in the hippocampus and striatum resulted in viral internalization, retrograde transport, and transgene expression in specific projection neurons in entorhinal cortex and substantia nigra. Retrograde delivery of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2l (also known as Bcl-xL) protected entorhinal projection neurons from subsequent damage-induced cell death. Given the broad distribution of neurons affected by neurodegenerative diseases, gene delivery to both the terminal fields and the projection neurons through retrograde infection provides for strategic therapeutic intervention at both levels of the neural circuit. This approach may also facilitate experimental studies of defined neural circuits.
From Dugout to Hilltop
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tools of the Trade
Authors: Danielle Ofri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

I grasped the list of patients, fingering the crispness of the sheet that represented my first day of service on the medical wards. I knew that the sheet would soon be crumpled and covered with scrawl, as I scurried about, meeting 36 patients, 2 residents, 4 interns, and 6 medical students. But for now, the paper felt cool, controlled, and reliable in my grip.I was ashamed to admit it, but I was perversely thankful for the numerous comatose patients on my service, because they made rounds faster and left me more time to concentrate on the active GI bleeders, . . .
Occlusion of small intracranial arteries as a cause of stroke
Authors: B. A. Ring
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A patient with an acute stroke had Gerstmann's syndrome. Cerebral angiography disclosed occlusion of the posterior parietal branch of the middle cerebral artery. The patient has remained physically well over a three-year period with only slight residual impairment in the intellectual spheres. Intracranial occlusions of smaller arterial branches can be diagnosed by cerebral angiography and occlusions of isolated branches give rise to characteristic clinical findings.
From the Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Successful arterial embolization of an insulinoma
Authors: T. J. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A 38-year-old woman had fasting hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and an arteriographically demonstrable insulinoma. One year after surgical resection, however, hypoglycemia recurred and an arteriogram demonstrated a recurrent intrapancreatic vascular mass. Because of anticipated complications of another surgical approach, we elected to embolize the tumor arteriographically, using microfibrillar collagen. The patient's fasting blood glucose and insulin levels improved rapidly. Eleven months after embolization, the patient remains well, with normal blood glucose levels. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:1353-1355)
Teenage confidence and consent
Journal: BMJ (1985)

discuss the subject openly.Fourthly, if deprived of confidential professional advice, and of contraception and abortion if indicated, these patients will face the prospect of completing unwanted pregnancies, or of seeking non-medical termination of pregnancy, both with disastrous consequences.Fifthly, this decision is a fundamental threat to the confidential relationship that must at all times exist between doctor and patient.Finally, this decision is a fundamental threat to the ability of doctors to provide treatment which, in their clinical judgment, is best for the patient.It is earnestly to be hoped that the courts can be persuaded to reverse this potentially disastrous decision.
I have done my specialisation in India and recently obtained basic specialist equivalence in chemical pathology from the Royal College of Pathology. I am now eligible for an SpR post in chemical pathology but it is timebound, so that I should be in post and registered with the General Medical Council by 31 July 2007. I am having difficulty in getting a post, however, as there are hardly any jobs in chemical pathology advertised in <i>BMJ Careers</i> . I feel my BST equivalence will ultimately …
Authors: Sunder R Gopaul
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site. <b>www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone</b>
Management of gout
Authors: I. H. Fox
Journal: JAMA (1979)

GOUT is a term describing a heterogeneous group of diseases that, in full development, are manifested by (1) an increase in the serum urate concentration, (2) recurrent attacks of a characteristic type of acute arthritis in which crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate are demonstrable in leukocytes of synovial fluid, (3) aggregate deposits of monosodium urate monohydrate (tophi) occurring chiefly in and around the joints of the extremities and sometimes leading to severe crippling and deformity, (4) renal disease of uncertain cause that involves glomeruli, tubules, interstitial tissues, and blood vessels, and (5) uric acid urolithiasis.<sup>1</sup>These manifestations may occur in different combinations. The objective of treatment is to terminate an acute attack rapidly as well as to prevent future attacks of gout, to lower the serum urate concentration to prevent its accumulation in body tissues, to prevent the formation of uric acid calculi, and to treat disorders accompanying hyperuricemia, eg,
Microcytosis caused by RBC fragmentation. Confirmation by RBC size distribution analysis
Authors: D. Bessman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

ABNORMALLY low RBC size, expressed as low mean corpuscular volume (MCV), most often is due to iron deficiency or one of the thalassemia syndromes. More rarely, low MCV is associated with pyridoxinesensitive anemia, sideroblastic anemia, anemia of chronic disease,<sup>1</sup>and hemoglobinopathies such as CC.<sup>2</sup>Generally in the latter group microcytosis, if present, is not great. We report a case of a patient with severe burns, considerably low MCV, and none of these diseases. Histograms of RBC size distribution (erythrograms) showed that severe RBC fragmentation caused this patient's low MCV. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 2-year-old boy was admitted to the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Burn Center for a 70% total body third-degree scald burn. Despite appropriate intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and topical care, shock became intractable and he died 36 hours later. At admission the hemoglobin level was 14.1 g/dl; hematocrit value, 40.2%; MCV, 63 cuμ; and