tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MICHIGAN BOARD UPHELD.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Farm-to-Table Botulism Concern
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hybrid-Versus-Parental Strain Reaction. II. Comparative Mortality in Parental Strain Mice of Different H-2 Genotypes
Authors: Delta E. Uphoff
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1976)

Lethally irradiated parental strain mice were inoculated with marrow from reciprocal hybrid donors. Hybrid cells could recognize the quantitatively greater antigenicity of parental strain recipients. The severity of the hybrid-versus-parental strain and parental strain-versus-hybrid reactions was compared. There was a significantly less severe reaction when DBA/2 mice were inoculated with (DBA/2 ♀ × C57BL ♂)F1 marrow than with (C57BL × DBA/2)F1 marrow, which indicated a maternal influence on antigen recognition. The reaction of (DBA/2 × C57BL)F1 against DBA/2 recipients was significantly less severe than the DBA/2 reaction against (DBA/2 × C57BL)F1 recipients. All reactions involving C57BL were equally severe and more lethal than those involving DBA/2 mice. The strength of these reactions was a function of the relative tissue antigenicity and responsiveness of the parental strains of the hybrid cross. Both the expression of tissue antigens and the ability to recognize and respond to them are influenced by the maternal strain of the hybrid cross.
Mediastinoskopie
Authors: W. Maaßen, D. Greschuchna
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

Report about the results of 2500 mediastinal biopsies by mediastinoscopy, the technical experience with this method and the rate of complications. In 1552 investigations done for different reasons it was possible to find characteristic changes in 66% of the mediastinal specimens. In unknown diseases of mediastinum and/or hilar region the percentage was higher (88%) than in processes of the lung parenchyma itself (47%).
Abstract 9737: Cardiovascular Abnormalities Associated With In-hospital Mortality in Patients With Spontaneous Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Islam Y Elgendy, Ahmed Mahmoud, Akram Y Elgendy, Hend Mansoor, C. Richard Conti
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Neuro-cardiogenic syndrome is frequently encountered in patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) resulting in a wide spectrum of cardiovascular abnormalities. However, little information is known regarding the prognostic implications of these abnormalities in patients with spontaneous SAH. Objectives: To determine the cardiovascular abnormalities that correlate best with in-hospital mortality in patients with spontaneous SAH. Methods: All patients admitted to our institution with a primary diagnosis of SAH, and underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) from July 2011 until May 2014 were enrolled. Data gathered included patients' demographics, troponin T level, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes, TTE findings, and in-hospital mortality. Multivariate logistic regression to quantify the relationship between cardiovascular abnormalities and in-hospital mortality was performed. Results: 247 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age of patients was 59 years. 66% of the patients were females. The incidence of in-hospital mortality was 15.6%. The presence of resting segmental wall motion abnormalities on TTE (odds ratio (OR)=2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19-6.01, p=0.03), ejection fraction ≤ 35% (OR=3.6, 95% CI 1.24-10.52, p=0.03), positive troponin level (OR=3.0, 95% CI 1.17-7.55, p=0.03), and QTc prolongation on ECG (OR=5.4, 95% CI 1.77-16.29, p&lt;0.005) were associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality on univariate analysis. On multivariate logistic regression, QTc prolongation was the only independent predictor for in-hospital mortality (OR=5.13, 95% CI 1.04-25.28, p=0.04). Conclusions: Among the variable cardiovascular abnormalities seen in patients with spontaneous SAH, prolonged QTc interval on ECG was independently associated with in-hospital mortality. It is unknown whether this is a causative association or a marker of underlying severe clinical presentation of spontaneous SAH.
Monitoring of surface mitochondrial NADH levels as an indication of ischemia during liver isograft transplantation
Authors: M THORNILEY
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of transplant dysfunction. One feature of this damage is mitochondrial dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine whether surface fluorometric measurements of mitochondrial NADH can be made, and if the technique can detect differences in mitochondrial respiration between minimally stored 1 to 2°C for 25 minutes (group 1, control) transplanted livers and those stored in hypertonic citrate at 1 to 2°C (group 2) for 24 hours before transplantation. Measurements were made in livers isografted in 20 male Lewis rats. The technique is sufficiently sensitive to detect increased (nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide (NADH) during dissection of hepatic vessels before ligation 0.52 ± 0.04 (n = 14, P < 0.03) compared with the in situ exposed liver, 0.43 ± 0.02 n = 14). Complete hepatic ligation resulted in a significant increase in NADH (1.22 ± 0.10, n = 14), P < 0.0001) compared with hepatic artery ligation, which did not increase NADH levels. After storage, NADH levels increased (P < 0.02) but there was no significant difference between groups. In group 1, completion of portal vein (PV), suprahepatic vena cava (SVC), and descending vena cava anastomoses resulted in decreased NADH levels toward those after preparation of the vessels before ligation. However, there was a significant difference (P < 0.004) between the 25-minute and the 24-hour stored livers, 0.56 ± 0.07 versus 0.23 ± 0.04, respectively. On final revascularisation, NADH returned to preligation values in group 1 but there was a highly significant difference between groups 1 (0.42 ± 0.03) and 2 (0.22 ± 0.02) (P < 0.0003) equivalent to 89% and 100% oxidation. This abnormal maximal level of NADH oxidation (100%) in the 24-hour stored livers is suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction. These results show that it might be possible to predict organ viability by noninvasive measurements of respiratory chain dysfunction in the clinical transplant situation.
THE DUCT SIGN IN MUMPS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
It may seem obvious to you...: giving medication instructions to patients
Authors: Victor Herbert
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I could not disagree more with Mr Cerrato. No case can be made for any value of low-dose supplementation among healthy people. I did not dismiss the prosupplement rhetoric out of hand, as Mr Cerrato erroneously alleges, but out of the facts and the logic in the<i>JAMA</i>article I cited.<sup>1</sup>Misrepresented by Mr Cerrato as "Dr Herbert's contention," it in fact was the contention (and conclusion) of the entire group of nutrition professionals and members of the Council on Scientific Affairs who were the authors of the<i>JAMA</i>article<sup>1</sup>indicating that supplements were inappropriate except in the special situations stated. Having served from 1979 through 1985 on the Food and Nutrition Board and its Committee on Dietary Allowances, which is responsible for the RDA, I can state unequivocally that Mr Cerrato misperceives how the RDA are determined. It is as follows: first, the "floor" is
PIONEERS IN EMBRYOLOGY
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Michael R. Lucey, Philippe Mathurin, Timothy R. Morgan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

The association between alcohol intake and alcoholic liver disease has been well documented, although cirrhosis of the liver develops in only a small proportion of heavy drinkers. This review focuses on alcoholic hepatitis, a treatable form of alcoholic liver disease. Since up to 40% of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis die within 6 months after the onset of the clinical syndrome, appropriate diagnosis and treatment are essential.
Serum autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C: Comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and impact on the disease profile
Authors: F Cassani
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Antibodies to nuclei (ANA), smooth muscle (SMA), and liver/kidney microsomes type 1 (anti-LKM1) may occur in chronic hepatitis C. Distinct subspecificities, including ANA with the homogeneous pattern (ANA-H) and SMA with antiactin specificity (SMA-AA), are found in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). This study was performed to characterize the hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated autoantibodies and to evaluate their influence on the profile of the disease. Two hundred ninety consecutive patients with chronic hepatitis C and 35 control cases with AIH were screened for autoantibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) at 1:40 serum dilution. The ANA pattern was defined by IFL on HEp-2 cells and the SMA-AA identified by the presence of at least two of the following elements: 1) SMA(T) or SMA(G) pattern by IFL on kidney sections; 2) XR1 precipitating system by counterimmunoelectrophoresis; or 3) typical pattern by IFL on liver sections from phalloidin-intoxicated rats. ANA, SMA, and anti-LKM1 occurred in 9%, 20%, and 6% of chronic hepatitis C cases, respectively. The overall prevalence of autoantibodies was 30% (87 of 290). Compared with AIH, HCV-associated ANA and SMA exhibited ANA-H and SMA-AA at a lower prevalence (38% vs. 71%, P = .04 and 8% vs. 87%, P < .000001, respectively) and had a lower median titer (1:80 vs. 1:320, P < .001 and 1:40 vs. 1:320, P < .000001, respectively). The concomitant positivity for ANA-H and SMA-AA was detected in none of the HCV cases, but in 46% of AIH sera (P < .000001). Two parameters were independently associated with the autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C: high alanine transaminase (ALT) serum levels (F = 14.04) and female gender (F = 5.03). At the univariate analysis, patients with autoantibodies had a more severe portal-periportal necroinflammation (median Scheuer's score: 2.05 vs. 1.64, P = .003). The presence of autoantibodies did not influence the response to interferon (IFN). In chronic hepatitis C, serum autoantibodies are common, but their subspecificities are distinct from those occurring in AIH. Whereas the absence of ANA-H and/or SMA-AA does not exclude AIH, the characterization of ANA and SMA may help to discriminate between the two conditions. As compared with the seronegative counterpart, autoantibody-positive chronic hepatitis C is more common in females and exhibits a more severe biochemical and histological activity. The response to IFN therapy, however, is similar.
Determinants of compliance with a national smoke-free hospital standard
Authors: A. M. Joseph
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the extent of compliance with the new Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) standard requiring acute care hospitals to be smoke-free, and to identify predictors of adoption of smoke-free hospital policies. <h3>Design.</h3> —We conducted a survey of a national sample of acute care hospitals and developed a predictive model for implementation of smoke-free policies using multiple logistic regression. We examined numerous factors that might predict adoption of smoke-free policies, such as hospital characteristics, patient care services, and experience with smoke-free initiatives. <h3>Setting and Participants.</h3> —A systematic 20% sample of JCAHO-accredited hospitals in the United States (n=1278). Military, Department of Veterans Affairs, Indian Health Service, psychiatric, substance abuse treatment, and children's hospitals were excluded. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Compliance with the JCAHO standard. <h3>Results.</h3> —The response rate was 85%. Sixty-five percent of hospitals were in compliance with the standard 16 months after it was introduced. Factors that were independently and positively associated with implementation of smoke-free policies were administrative support (odds ratio [OR], 7.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05 to 29.65) and inpatient smoking cessation services (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.52). Factors negatively associated with implementation of smoke-free policy were the number of psychiatric treatment beds (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.81), number of substance abuse treatment beds (OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.26), and presence of an active task force to address smoking policy (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.77). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The majority of acute care hospitals are in compliance with the JCAHO national smoke-free policy initiative. The standard is well accepted by most patients and employees. It is critical to address the challenges presented by special populations, such as psychiatry patients, to accomplish the goal of completely smoke-free hospitals. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:491-494)
Phase III, Randomized Study of Dual Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Blockade With Lapatinib Plus Trastuzumab in Combination With an Aromatase Inhibitor in Postmenopausal Women With HER2-Positive, Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: Updated Results of ALTERNATIVE
Authors: Stephen R. D. Johnston, Roberto Hegg, Seock-Ah Im, In Hae Park, Olga Burdaeva, Galina Kurteva, Michael F. Press, Sergei Tjulandin, Hiroji Iwata, Sergio D. Simon, Sarah Kenny, Severine Sarp, Miguel A. Izquierdo, Lisa S. Williams, William J. Gradishar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

PURPOSE Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeting plus endocrine therapy (ET) improved clinical benefit in HER2-positive, hormone receptor (HR)–positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) versus ET alone. Dual HER2 blockade enhances clinical benefit versus single HER2 blockade. The ALTERNATIVE study evaluated the efficacy and safety of dual HER2 blockade plus aromatase inhibitor (AI) in postmenopausal women with HER2-positive/HR-positive MBC who received prior ET and prior neo(adjuvant)/first-line trastuzumab (TRAS) plus chemotherapy. This updated article reflects minor numerical corrections in some secondary efficacy analyses that resulted from programming errors and that do not change the major conclusions of the study. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive lapatinib (LAP) plus TRAS plus AI, TRAS plus AI, or LAP plus AI. Patients for whom chemotherapy was intended were excluded. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS; investigator assessed) with LAP plus TRAS plus AI versus TRAS plus AI. Secondary end points were PFS (comparison of other arms), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and safety. RESULTS Three hundred fifty-five patients were included in this analysis: LAP plus TRAS plus AI (n = 120), TRAS plus AI (n = 117), and LAP plus AI (n = 118). Baseline characteristics were balanced. The study met its primary end point; superior PFS was observed with LAP plus TRAS plus AI versus TRAS plus AI (median PFS, 11 v 5.6 months; hazard ratio, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.88]; P = .0063). A consistent PFS benefit was observed in predefined subgroups. ORR, CBR, and OS also favored LAP plus TRAS plus AI. The median PFS with LAP plus AI versus TRAS plus AI was 8.3 versus 5.6 months (hazard ratio, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.62 to 1.17]; P = .3159). Common adverse events (AEs; ≥ 15%) with LAP plus TRAS plus AI, TRAS plus AI, and LAP plus AI were diarrhea (69%, 9%, and 51%, respectively), rash (36%, 2%, and 28%, respectively), nausea (22%, 9%, and 22%, respectively), and paronychia (30%, 0%, and 15%, respectively), mostly grade 1 or 2. Serious AEs were reported similarly across the 3 groups, and AEs leading to discontinuation were lower with LAP plus TRAS plus AI. CONCLUSION Dual HER2 blockade with LAP plus TRAS plus AI showed superior PFS benefit versus TRAS plus AI in patients with HER2-positive/HR-positive MBC. This combination offers an effective and safe chemotherapy-sparing alternative treatment regimen for this patient population.
Youth suicide: the physician's role in suicide prevention
Authors: S. J. Blumenthal
Journal: JAMA (1990)

One of the most difficult clinical problems facing the physician is the prediction and prevention of youth suicide. Since one goal of medicine is to avert untimely mortality, the death of a young person by suicide may be particularly devastating to the clinician, raising issues about whether and how the tragedy might have been prevented. Although the percentage of youth who visit health care professionals prior to their suicide has not been well documented, it is generally believed that most young people have exhibited warning signs to family, friends, teachers, and physicians, suggesting that the clinician may have important opportunities to detect suicidal behavior and intervene appropriately to prevent these tragedies.<sup>1</sup> Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people 15 to 24 years of age in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Completed suicide is rare in children but increases with each of the teenage years, reaching a
Tuberculin Testing
Authors: J. Crofton, G. Maher-Loughnan
Journal: BMJ (1955)

transfers to mental hospitals are voluntary patients.If one bears in mind that most admissions are of acutely disturbed patients who could not wait to go as voluntary patients in the normal way, this result debunks the horror stories so naively accepted by some of your previous correspondents (are not similar stories told of general wards ?).I feel that these functions of the observation ward are not provided elsewhere, and these units play an irreplaceable part not only in the mental health services but in the Health Service as a whole.They need-support, extension, and improvement --not suppression.-Iam, etc., London.W.I.
Controlling the Resurgent Tuberculosis Epidemic
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

A LONG-STANDING annual decline in the number of cases of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States led the Department of Health and Human Services to establish an Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis (ACET) in 1987.<sup>1</sup>Yet, even before the Council was established, the decline in tuberculosis had ended, and from 1985 through 1991 there were some 39 000 more cases than would have been expected had the downward trend continued.<sup>2,3</sup> More worrisome still is the serious increase in the rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, which is much more difficult, and more costly, to treat than nonresistant strains. The course of treatment of MDR-TB increases from approximately 6 months to 18 to 24 months or longer, and the cure rate decreases from nearly 100% to 60% or less.<sup>4,5</sup>A 1992 survey in New York City (NY) found that 33% of patients were infected with organisms resistant