tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE CAUSE OF BERIBERI.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health: Mental, Moral and Physical
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost-effectiveness of boceprevir or telaprevir for untreated patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Calogero Cammà, Salvatore Petta, Marco Enea, Raffaele Bruno, Fabrizio Bronte, Vincenza Capursi, Americo Cicchetti, Giorgio L. Colombo, Vito Di Marco, Antonio Gasbarrini, Antonio Craxì
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show that triple therapy (TT) with peginterferon alpha, ribavirin, and boceprevir (BOC) or telaprevir (TVR) is more effective than peginterferon-ribavirin dual therapy (DT) in the treatment of previously untreated patients with genotype 1 (G1) chronic hepatitis C (CHC). We assessed the cost-effectiveness of TT compared to DT in the treatment of untreated patients with G1 CHC. We created a Markov Decision Model to evaluate, in untreated Caucasian patients age 50 years, weight 70 kg, with G1 CHC and Metavir F2 liver fibrosis score, for a time horizon of 20 years, the cost-effectiveness of the following five competing strategies: 1) boceprevir response-guided therapy (BOC-RGT); 2) boceprevir IL28B genotype-guided strategy (BOC-IL28B); 3) boceprevir rapid virologic response (RVR)-guided strategy (BOC-RVR); 4) telaprevir response-guided therapy (TVR-RGT); 5) telaprevir IL28B genotype-guided strategy (TVR-IL28B). Outcomes included life-years gained (LYG), costs (in 2011 euros) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). In the base-case analysis BOC-RVR and TVR-IL28B strategies were the most effective and cost-effective of evaluated strategies. LYG was 4.04 with BOC-RVR and 4.42 with TVR-IL28B. ICER compared with DT was €8.304 per LYG for BOC-RVR and €11.455 per LYG for TVR-IL28B. The model was highly sensitive to IL28B CC genotype, likelihood of RVR and sustained virologic response, and BOC/TVR prices. Conclusion : In untreated G1 CHC patients age 50 years, TT with first-generation protease inhibitors is cost-effective compared with DT. Multiple strategies to reduce costs and improve effectiveness include RVR or genotype-guided treatment.
Abstract 4771: The addition of toca 511 and 5-FC to temozolomide improves response in a temozolomide-resistant murine glioblastoma model and correlates with toca 511 dose
Authors: Maria E. Rodriguez-Aguirre, Sophie Viaud, Daniel Mendoza, Tiffany Montellano, Derek G. Ostertag, Harry Gruber, Douglas Jolly, Cornelia Bentley
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Background: Toca 511 (vocimagene amiretrorepvec), an amphotropic retroviral replicating vector (RRV), can successfully and safely deliver a functional, optimized yeast cytosine deaminase (CD) gene to tumors. Within infected cells, CD converts 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to the anti-cancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The combination of Toca 511 with oral extended release 5-FC (Toca FC), is currently being evaluated in a randomized phase III clinical trial for recurrent high grade glioma (glioblastoma (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma) (NCT02414165, Toca 5). Temozolomide (TMZ), in combination with radiation therapy, is the standard of care used for first-line chemotherapy treatment of patients with GBM, the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer. Previously, we have shown that: (1) Toca 511/5-FC treatment provides durable response in a syngeneic murine glioma model and supports anti-tumor immune memory; (2) The combination of TMZ and Toca 511/5-FC had synergistic efficacy in a TMZ-sensitive human glioma nude mouse model; (3) TMZ did not inhibit the efficacy of Toca 511/5-FC in a TMZ resistant murine glioma syngeneic model; (4) Toca 511/5-FC caused significant radiosensitization in a radioresistant murine glioma model. Results: To assess the interaction of TMZ with escalating doses of Toca 511 (as defined by percent of tumor transduction by RRV), an orthotopic TMZ-resistant murine glioma model, Tu-2449, was utilized. These results show that moderate levels of tumor transduction of Toca 511 (30% - 50%) with 5-FC treatment prolongs survival in the presence of TMZ compared with lower transduction rates (10%). Additionally, mice treated with Toca 511/5-FC and TMZ are being tested for the establishment of anti-tumor immune memory. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that (1) survival correlates with the transduction levels of Toca 511 when combined with temozolomide in the Tu-2449 orthotopic glioma model and (2) that this combination may support anti-tumor immune memory. These studies along with prior work support evaluation of the combination of Toca 511/5-FC with temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed GBM (NRG-BN006). Citation Format: Maria E. Rodriguez-Aguirre, Sophie Viaud, Daniel Mendoza, Tiffany Montellano, Derek G. Ostertag, Harry Gruber, Douglas Jolly, Cornelia Bentley. The addition of toca 511 and 5-FC to temozolomide improves response in a temozolomide-resistant murine glioblastoma model and correlates with toca 511 dose [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4771.
Youth and drugs. A world view
Authors: D. C. Cameron
Journal: JAMA (1968)

It is useful to think of various types of drug dependence as communicable disorders. This is especially so in view of the fact that in some cultures the victims of certain types of drug dependence are seen almost exclusively as willfully immoral persons who deserve to reap the consequences of their own folly. In the same or different cultures, other types of drug dependence may not be recognized as disorders at all. To illustrate, in the United States, narcotic dependence, and in certain Muslim countries, alcoholism, are seen primarily as sinister vices. On the other hand, in certain sections of Southeast Asia, opium eating and smoking are seen as minor, tolerable idiosyncrasies or even prerogatives, especially of older persons. In the United States and many other countries, alcoholism simply is not recognized until it becomes quite extreme. As in so many situations, the "truth" doubtless lies somewhere between the extremes.
Modeling Estimates of the Effect of Acid Rain on Background Radiation Dose
Authors: Stephen C. Sheppard, Marsha I. Sheppard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

Acid rain causes accelerated mobilization of many materials in soils. Natural and anthropogenic radionuclides, especially 226Ra and 137Cs, are among these materials. Okamoto is apparently the only researcher to date who has attempted to quantify the effect of acid rain on the "background" radiation dose to man. He estimated an increase in dose by a factor of 1.3 following a decrease in soil pH of 1 unit. We reviewed literature that described the effects of changes in pH on mobility and plant uptake of Ra and Cs. Generally, a decrease in soil pH by 1 unit will increase mobility and plant uptake by factors of 2 to 7. Thus, Okamoto's dose estimate may be too low. We applied several simulation models to confirm Okamoto's ideas, with most emphasis on an atmospherically driven soil model that predicts water and nuclide flow through a soil profile. We modeled a typical, acid-rain sensitive soil using meteorological data from Geraldton, Ontario. The results, within the range of effects on the soil expected from acidification, showed essentially direct proportionality between the mobility of the nuclides and dose. This supports some of the assumptions invoked by Okamoto. We conclude that a decrease in pH of 1 unit may increase the mobility of Ra and Cs by a factor of 2 or more. Our models predict that this will lead to similar increases in plant uptake and radiological dose to man. Although health effects following such a small increase in dose have not been statistically demonstrated, any increase in dose is probably undesirable.
Bax activation by the BH3-only protein Puma promotes cell dependence on antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members
Authors: Tristan Gallenne, Fabien Gautier, Lisa Oliver, Eric Hervouet, Belinda Noël, John A. Hickman, Olivier Geneste, Pierre-François Cartron, François M. Vallette, Stephen Manon, Philippe Juin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)
The risk of redefining rationing
Authors: S. L. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The purpose of our article was to examine inconsistencies in the coding of race and Hispanic ethnicity in infant birth and death certificates and to show the implications of inconsistent coding for the calculation of infant mortality rates.<sup>1</sup>We found that although 1.2% of infants coded as "white" at birth were coded with a different race at death and 4.3% of "black" infants at birth had a different race coded at death, 43.2% of infants coded with other races at birth were coded with different races at death. Japanese and Filipino infants were more likely to be coded with a different race than with the same race at death. Most infants whose race was inconsistently coded were coded as white at death. Racial classification at birth is most likely to be accurate; thus, we compared classifications at death with this standard. We believe that if an individual
Cowpox and paravaccinia.
Journal: BMJ (1967)

BMMHdisease.Treatment today offers a much better prognosis in mucoviscidosis than formerly,' and the possibility of this condition should be borne in mind in all infants with bacterial pneumonia.The most important requirement in the management of infants with severe respiratory infections is adequate oxygen therapy.This aspect is well discussed in the article by H. Simpson and D. C. Flenley,' to which Dr. Gardner and his colleagues refer.Simpson and Flenley stress the impor- tance of cyanosis in assessing severity.They also point out that the risk of inducing carbon dioxide narcosis in young children requiring oxygen therapy is apparently negligible.Inspiratory oxygen concentrations will frequently need to be considerably in excess of 40%, a figure which in practice is often not achieved in oxygen tents now available.3Severe hypoxih may result if the oxygen concentration falls suddenly,4 and care is therefore essential when attending to children who are being nursed at high concentrations of oxygen.As in the adult, repeated blood gas analyses must be undertaken for the correct management of severe degrees of respiratory insufficiency.Thus Simpson and Flenley suggest that a pH below 7.2 or Pco, above 65 mm.Hg might be suitable indications for giving parenteral bicarbonate or inter- mittent positive pressure respiration or both.Though the value of tracheostomy in bronchiolitis has been questioned,' some children have been shown to benefit.6 Complications are common after this procedure, however,' and nasotracheal intubation appears to be a preferable alternative.8 9This too is not entirely without its problems, and it appears that it is preferably restricted to children with lower respiratory diseases.'0These aspects of management are highly specialized and will be possible only in hospitals with facilities for inten- sive care, the requirements for which were discussed by Drs.
Cadmium and Lead in Blood in Relation to Low Bone Mineral Density and Tubular Proteinuria
Authors: Tobias Alfvén, Lars Järup, Carl-Gustaf Elinder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Long-term exposure to cadmium may cause kidney and bone damage.Urinary cadmium is commonly used as the dose estimate for the body burden of cadmium.However, elevated levels of cadmium in the urine may reflect not only high levels of cadmium dose but also renal dysfunction.In this study we used blood cadmium as the dose estimate.In addition, we analyzed blood lead.We examined 479 men and 542 women, ages 16-81 years, who were environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium and lead.We used urinary protein α 1 -microglobulin as a marker for tubular proteinuria and measured forearm bone mineral density using dual-energy Xray absorptiometry.The relationship between blood cadmium and tubular proteinuria was strong, even when we excluded occupationally exposed participants.The subgroup with the highest blood cadmium levels had a 4-fold risk of tubular proteinuria compared to the subgroup with the lowest blood cadmium levels.In the older age group (age > 60), the risk of low bone mineral density (z-score < -1) for the subgroup with the highest blood cadmium levels was almost 3-fold compared to the group with lowest blood cadmium levels.We found no similar associations for lead.The observed effects may be caused by higher cadmium exposure in the past.This study strengthens previous evidence that cadmium exposure may affect both bone mineral density and kidney function.
Lipid angiogenic factor from omentum
Authors: H. S. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Placing the omentum on the brain surface by surgical transposition or transplantation will result in the development of numerous neovascular connections between these two structures. This phenomenon occurs even in the absence of cerebral ischemia, which raised the question as to whether an angiogenic factor was causing the response. A lipid material obtained from the omentum contains a potent angiogenic factor extractable in a chloroform-methanol solvent mixture. Angiogenesis created by this material was observed in the rabbit cornea after only a single injection of the substance. The angiogenic material obtained from the omentum is abundant in supply. This important characteristic offers promise for the purification and identification of its structure, which should allow for extensive animal and clinical studies dealing with the development or inhibition of angiogenesis. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2034-2036)
2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Therapeutic Approaches for Non‐Systemic Polyarthritis, Sacroiliitis, and Enthesitis
Authors: Sarah Ringold, Sheila T. Angeles‐Han, Timothy Beukelman, Daniel Lovell, Carlos A. Cuello, Mara L. Becker, Robert A. Colbert, Brian M. Feldman, Polly J. Ferguson, Harry Gewanter, Jaime Guzman, Jennifer Horonjeff, Peter A. Nigrovic, Michael J. Ombrello, Murray H. Passo, Matthew L. Stoll, C. Egla Rabinovich, Rayfel Schneider, Olha Halyabar, Kimberly Hays, Amit Aakash Shah, Nancy Sullivan, Ann Marie Szymanski, Marat Turgunbaev, Amy Turner, James Reston
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2019)

Objective To develop treatment recommendations for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis manifesting as non‐systemic polyarthritis, sacroiliitis, or enthesitis. Methods The Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcomes ( PICO ) questions were developed and refined by members of the guideline development teams. A systematic review was conducted to compile evidence for the benefits and harms associated with treatments for these conditions. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology was used to rate the quality of evidence. A group consensus process was conducted among the Voting Panel to generate the final recommendations and grade their strength. A Parent and Patient Panel used a similar consensus approach to provide patient/caregiver preferences for key questions. Results Thirty‐nine recommendations were developed (8 strong and 31 conditional). The quality of supporting evidence was very low or low for 90% of the recommendations. Recommendations are provided for the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics, and intraarticular and oral glucocorticoids. Recommendations for the use of physical and occupational therapy are also provided. Specific recommendations for polyarthritis address general medication use, initial and subsequent treatment, and adjunctive therapies. Good disease control, with therapeutic escalation to achieve low disease activity, was recommended. The sacroiliitis and enthesitis recommendations primarily address initial therapy and adjunctive therapies. Conclusion This guideline provides direction for clinicians, caregivers, and patients making treatment decisions. Clinicians, caregivers, and patients should use a shared decision‐making process that accounts for patients’ values, preferences, and comorbidities. These recommendations should not be used to limit or deny access to therapies.
Penicillin Reaction
Authors: W. Michie, H. W. C. Bailie
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Unlike the sulphonamides, which soon after therapeutic birth began to show occasional reactions, penicillin has maintained a relatively uncloaded reputation.Publication of the following case is therefore of interest.Case History On Sept. 7, while reconnoitring an enemy-held wood, a tank squadron commander was hit by a fragment of an 88-mm.shell which traversed his tank.The fragment-1l by 1 cm.-which was embedded superficially in his lower lateral right calf, was removed an hour later and a sulphanilamide dressing applied.The officer remained on duty, but on Sept. 19 the leg became painful and the ankle swollen.He was admitted to a field dressing station, where sodium sulphate dressings were applied.On Sept. 24 sodium penicillin solfition was instilled direct into the wound, with a similar application on the following day.On Oct. 2 he was admitted to a casualty clearing station, where a sinus-1 in.long was opened up.Since this officer was a key man urgently required by his unit, undiluted sodium penicillin powder (without sulphonamide vehicle) was applied in a much higher concentration than-is normally employed, in the hope that recovery might be hastened.Similar application was made on Oct. 5. Progress was satisfactory, and on Oct. 10 the wound bad almost completely epithelized.On Oct. 11 the patient intimated that he had a mild chronic bilateral external otitis.At 5 p.m. the same day two drops of sodium penicillin solution (100,000 units in 5 c.cm.) were instilled with a pipette into each ear.By 2 a.m. the next morning both ears were discharging profusely.His leg, previously almost healed, began to weep copiously, and literally saturated a moderately heavy cotton- wool dressing.The area affected
American Journal of Diseases of Children, Chicago
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Seventh International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1986)

Seventh International Symposium on Microsomes and Drug Oxidations Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 77, Issue 5, November 1986, Page 1173, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/77.5.1173-c Published: 01 November 1986
Global characterisation of tumour infiltrate of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by single cell sequencing
Authors: Cristiana Soldani, Barbara Franceschini, Michela Anna Polidoro, Clelia Peano, Alberto Termanini, Paolo Kunderfranco, Enrico Lugli, Simone Puccio, Giorgi Alvisi, Federico Colombo, Alessio Aghemo, Matteo Donadon, Guido Torzilli, Ana Lleo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)