tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical Fitness and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients2 January 2001Physical Fitness and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged MenSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-1-200101020-00004 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Atherosclerosis is a condition in which blockages form in blood vessels. Atherosclerosis leads to heart attacks when it involves the blood vessels of the heart (coronary arteries) and to strokes when it involves the blood vessels leading to the brain (carotid arteries). People who are physically fit are known to be less likely to have atherosclerosis-related events such as heart attacks and strokes. However, it is not known exactly how physical fitness protects people from strokes or whether physical activity will actually slow the progression of atherosclerosis in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Cardiorespiratory Fitness and the Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men.” It is in the 2 January 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 134, pages 12-20). The authors are TA Lakka, JA Laukkanen, R Rauramaa, R Salonen, H-M Lakka, GA Kaplan, and JT Salonen.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCardiorespiratory Fitness and the Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men Timo A. Lakka , Jari A. Laukkanen , Rainer Rauramaa , Riitta Salonen , Hanna-Maaria Lakka , George A. Kaplan , and Jukka T. Salonen Metrics 2 January 2001Volume 134, Issue 1Page: I-66KeywordsAtherosclerosisBlood vesselsCarotid arteriesExerciseLongitudinal studiesMedical risk factorsMyocardial infarctionPhysical fitnessStrokeUltrasound imaging ePublished: 2 January 2001 Issue Published: 2 January 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Analysis of TCR antagonism and molecular mimicry of an HLA-A*0201–restricted CTL epitope in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: H Kita
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Although the etiology and mechanism of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is unknown, growing evidence suggests a major role for T cells. We have recently identified the first CD8 T-cell epitope, amino acid 159-167 of the E2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes (PDC-E2). To seek for analogue peptide-antagonizing effector function of CTLs specific for this autoantigen, we examined the effector functions of the PDC-E2-specific CTLs against alanine substituted peptides. Furthermore, because molecular mimicry has been postulated as a possible cause of initiating PBC, we carried out studies aimed at identifying naturally occurring peptides for the 159-167 peptide of PDC-E2 that may serve as agonists. An alanine substitution at position 5 of this epitope significantly reduced peptide-specific effector functions of CTLs. Moreover, this analogue peptide inhibited effector functions of the CTLs to the prototype peptide, including cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production. We also identified a peptide derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which showed a higher binding affinity to the HLA-A*0201 than the prototype peptide. This homologous peptide was recognized by CTLs specific for the prototype epitope on PDC-E2. In conclusion, a modification of the immunodominant autoepitope can be utilized to manipulate the CD8 T-cell responses against the autoantigen PDC-E2. Our finding also supports the thesis that molecular mimicry may be implicated in the initiation of the autoreactive CD8 T-cell responses and has implications for the use of such peptides for immunotherapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2002;36:918-926.)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: Leon Chameides
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the opportunity to clarify the scientific data available regarding relief of airway obstruction in infants. Scientific literature must meet rigorous criteria to justify recommendations for new treatment options. Unique aspects of pediatric cardiorespiratory anatomy and physiology prevent the application of most data derived from adult human or animal models to pediatric resuscitation. After elimination of reports of adult choking victims, anesthetized victims, victims with partial airway obstruction, and isolated case reports, the Pediatric Resuscitation Subcommittee could find few scientific data regarding relief of complete airway obstruction in infants or children. The points raised by Dr Gibbons are not supported by scientific data. The Pediatric Resuscitation Subcommittee found no scientific data that back blows and chest thrusts fail to relieve complete foreign-body airway obstruction in infants. In fact, deaths due to foreign-body airway obstruction in children up to 4 years of age decreased 60% from more than
Sponsors Omitted
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTH-050 Should The Cut Off Values of Faecal Calprotectin for Initiating Further Investigations Be Higher than Current Practice?
Authors: A Mukhtar, N Sivaramakrishnan, F Hassan
Journal: Gut (2016)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a calcium binding protein found mainly in the neutrophil cytosol. It is a non-invasive marker to differentiate between IBS and IBD and can avoid need for specialist referral or further investigations. Current cut off for the FC normal limit in initiating further investigations is 50–59 μg/g. Studies have shown low diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in patients with borderline FC (50–100 μg /g). If the current FC cut off is raised, this would prevent subjecting patients to unnecessary colonoscopies and also reduce the financial burden on the health services. The aim of the study was to determine diagnostic yield of investigations in patients presenting with new lower GIT symptoms and mildly elevated FC 100–200 μg /g to assess if it is justifiable to expose patients to colonoscopy at levels less than 200 μg /g. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective study was conducted on 251 patients with FC more than 60μg/g from October 2014 to December 2014 in West Yorkshire. Data was collected from the biochemistry department’s database in Midyorks Hospital and analysed. <h3>Results</h3> 251 patients were identified with FC &gt; 60 μg /g. Out of these, 109 patients had further investigations. 142 were not investigated due to miscellaneous reasons. Out of 109, 37 patients (33.9%) had FC between 60–100 μg /g, 27 patients (24.8%) had FC between 101–200 μg /g, 17 patients (15.6%) had FC between 201–300 μg /g and 28 (25.7%) had it between 301–1700 μg /g. In patients with FC 60–100 μg /g, only two patients (5%) had mild localised inflammation not requiring treatment. In 27 patients with FC between 101–200 μg /g, only two had findings on colonoscopy. One had rectal tumour and had initially presented with PR bleed. The other one had mild inflammation not requiring treatment. In our study, in the group of patients between FC 200–300 μg /g, only 2/17 had findings (1 had proctitis and the other had focal active inflammation). However, in patients with FC &gt; 300, 13 /28 (46%) were found to have abnormalities on colonoscopy (4 with colitis, 3 with ileitis, 3 had proctitis, 1 SRUS, 1 collagenous colitis and 1 focal active inflammation). <h3>Conclusion</h3> In patients with FC &lt; 200 μg /g, there was no diagnostic yield of invasive investigations like colonoscopy in the absence of any warning signs. In patients with FC 200–300 μg /g, diagnostic yield increased slightly. We recommend all patients with FC &gt; 300 μg /g and new GIT symptoms to be referred for colonoscopy. Any figures less than that should be individually assessed for warning signs before investigating further with colonoscopy. <h3>Reference</h3> 1 Seenan JP, Thomson F, Smith K, Gaya DR. “Are we exposing patients with a mildly elevated faecal calprotectin to unnecessary investigations?” <i>Frontline Gastroenterology</i> 2015;<b>6</b>(3):156–160 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
EXTH-38. A NEW COMPUTATIONAL METHOD FOR COMPREHENSIVE ESTIMATION OF ANTI TUMOR EFFICACY OF TUMOR TREATING FIELDS (TTFIELDS). ACCOUNTING FOR FIELD INTENSITY, EXPOSURE TIME AND UNWANTED SPATIAL FIELD CORRELATION
Authors: Anders Korshoej, Nikola Mikic, Jens Christian Sørensen, Gorm von Oettingen, Axel Thielscher
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

The non-invasive glioblastoma treatment, tumor treating fields (TTFields, Optune®), uses alternating electrical fields (200 kHz) to inhibit cancer cell division. TTFields are induced by two sequentially active pairs of transducer arrays placed on the patient’s scalp. Finite element (FE) methods are used to estimate the field intensity of TTFields. To date, calculations have focused entirely on field intensity, neglecting field angle and exposure time that also influence efficacy. Based on principal component analysis, this study derives a novel approach to quantify mean intensity of TTFields together with unwanted effects from spatial field correlation, indexed as fractional anisotropy (FA). Distributions of the two sequential TTFields (50% duty cycle, 2 s total duration) were calculated using FE methods on a realistic glioblastoma head-model (calculated based on images before and after resection) using four different array layouts. In each element of the model, the combined fields were decomposed into principal components. For each element, intensity, and directional correlation of the average field were calculated as the square root of the electrical energy (Frobenius norm) and the FA, respectively. Significant unwanted FA was observed within several regions of the brain, particularly at resection borders. These effects may potentially reduce therapeutic efficacy of TTFields. FA varied between different layouts, suggesting a different array performance than predicted from conventional intensity calculations. Resection of a tumor increased FA and removed differences between layouts. This study questions the rationale for the general use of macroscopically orthogonal layouts to reduce field correlation. The results indicate that in some cases, arrays should be placed differently to maximize pathology coverage and field intensity. We present a new and comprehensive framework for TTFields characterization that potentially could improve treatment planning, technology development, and accurate prognostication models. Further studies are required to validate the method.
Why Publish?
Authors: Mohan Kumararatne
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: J. L. M. Hawk, J. S. Dover
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Reply Get access J. L. M. Hawk, J. L. M. Hawk Photobiology Unit, St. Thomas's Hospital, London SE1, 7EH U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. S. Dover J. S. Dover Photobiology Unit, St. Thomas's Hospital, London SE1, 7EH U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 119, Issue 4, 1 October 1988, Page 554, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb03268.x Published: 01 October 1988
RESEARCH AND MEDICINE.
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychiatrists increasingly able to assess, treat mental health problems of the very young
Authors: J. W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1990)

SOME PSYCHIATRISTS are trading their couches for cribs, as it is being increasingly recognized that infants as young as a few months of age can have psychiatric disturbances. The variability in psychiatric problems in infancy is great. Causes range from organic to psychosocial to environmental. Some are common; others, extremely rare. Some have been well studied; others have just begun to be described. By the age of 3 years, 10% to 15% of children will have some type of behavior problem, according to Klaus K. Minde, MD, chair of the Division of Child Psychiatry at McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. This is similar to the incidence of behavioral disorders in the general population. Some problems, such as temper tantrums, are not predictive of later adjustment disorders, but others, such as night waking, are. Advances in the assessment and treatment of disorders of infancy were discussed at a recent American Academy of
Angiosarcoma of the breast
Authors: T. Sher, B. T. Hennessy, V. Valero, J. Trent, K. Broglio, W. A. Woodward, K. K. Hunt, G. N. Hortobagyi, A. M. Gonzalez-Angulo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

9554 Background: The purpose of this analysis is to describe the characteristics and clinical outcomes of female patients with primary breast angiosarcoma. Methods: The M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Breast Medical Oncology database was searched to identify breast angiosarcoma patients between 1965–2002. Survival outcomes were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank statistic was used to compare groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used for multivariate analysis. Results: The 69 patients had a median follow up of 40 months (range, 0–413 months). Median age at diagnosis was 46. Median tumor size was 5.5 cm. Thirteen patients had received prior chest radiation (18.8%) for invasive breast carcinoma and were older than other patients (p&lt;0.0001). Most patients underwent a simple mastectomy with (41%) or without (45%) axillary dissection. Regional metastasis to axillary lymph nodes was rare (2/28 patients). Fifteen patients (22%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, of whom two had a complete clinical response and 3 a partial response to doxorubicin/ifosfamide (AI); 44% received adjuvant chemotherapy, one patient received neoadjuvant and 31% adjuvant radiotherapy. There have been 38 recurrences [locoregional (20), distant (16), or combined (2)] and 27 deaths. The 5-year overall and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 61% (95% CI 49–76%) and 44% (95% CI 33–58%) with estimated medians of 100 and 37 months, respectively. Survival and RFS were significantly associated with T stage (p=0.03) but not with patient age or prior radiation. Survival was also significantly worse in patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy administration (p=0.01) likely due to more advanced disease when this approach was used. In Cox proportional hazards models, only age at diagnosis was associated with RFS. Of 29 patients treated with chemotherapy at relapse, there were 4 complete and 10 partial responses (48% responses) with AI or a gemcitabine-taxane combination. Conclusion: Breast angiosarcoma is frequently advanced at diagnosis with a tendency for locoregional recurrence. In light of this and its observed chemosensitivity, a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach with chemo- radiotherapy and surgical resection should be considered. Initial chemotherapy for neoadjuvant and metastatic disease is effective. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
FOOD POISONING
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: Onchocerciasis--river blindness.
Journal: BMJ (1974)

include Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, for which erythromycin is equally suitable, the rickettsial diseases, and in- fections caused by chlamydia, including psittacosis, trachoma, inclusion conjunctivitis, and lymphogranuloma venereum.Their effect in non-specific urethritis may be related to the possible role of chlamydia in causing this symdrome.Tetra- cyclines are also used in other sexually transmitted diseases, chancroid and granuloma inguinale, and as one of a number of possible choices in patients with gonorrhoea and syphilis who are allergic to penicillin.Other spirochaetes, including those causing leptospirosis and relapsing fever, are also inhibited by these drugs.They are used, with or without streptomycin, for brucellosis (with co-trimoxazole as a recent competitor), glanders, and melioidosis, and as alternative choice for anthrax, actinomycosis, and plague.Tetracycline reduces the average requirement ofintravenous fluid in cholera by half, and another recent tropical use is as an ancillary agent in the management of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infections.10On a more domestic note, the value of small doses of tetracycline in rosacea and to a less extent in acne vulgaris is well-established.It looks as though tetracyclines will justify another celebration on their golden anniversary.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in the United States. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and public health implications
Authors: T. R. O'Brien
Journal: JAMA (1992)

WITHIN the past year, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has licensed two combined human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)/human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for screening donated blood and plasma. The FDA has also mandated that by June 1, 1992, US blood centers must implement testing for antibodies to HIV-2 in addition to testing for antibodies to HIV-1. Implementation of this policy and reports of HIV-2—infected US residents have raised important public health and clinical questions about HIV-2 infection in the United States. This article summarizes current information regarding the epidemiology and diagnosis of HIV-2 infection and discusses public health considerations that arise from the presence of HIV-2 in the United States. <h3>BACKGROUND: WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION, TRANSMISSION, AND NATURAL HISTORY</h3> Infection with HIV-2 is endemic in many countries in West Africa, but generally much rarer elsewhere in the world.<sup>1,2</sup>The highest prevalence of HIV-2 infection