tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iron Deficiency in the United States
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Iron deficiency, the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, has negative effects on work capacity and on motor and mental development in infants, children, and adolescents, and maternal iron deficiency anemia might cause low birthweight and preterm delivery. Although iron deficiency is more common in developing countries, a significant prevalence was observed in the United States during the early 1990s among certain populations, such as toddlers and females of childbearing age. One of the national health objectives for 2010 is to reduce iron deficiency in these vulnerable populations by 3-4 percentage points (objective no. 19-12). CDC has published recommendations to prevent iron deficiency in the United States. To characterize the iron status of persons in the United States, CDC calculated the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia by applying a multiple-indicator model to data from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2000). These values were compared with those observed in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III [1988-1994]) using the same multiple-indicator model. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which indicate that iron deficiency remains 2-5 percentage points above the 2010 national health objectives. To prevent iron deficiency, vulnerable populations should be encouraged to eat iron-rich foods and breast-feed or use iron-fortified formula for infants.
Ankle-brachial blood pressure index is a strong predictor for Mortlity and cardiovascular events: Results from the HOPE-Trial Jan B. Ostergren, Janice Pogue, Sleight P. Dagenais G. Danisa K, Yusuf S for the, HOPE-study investigators. Dept. of Medicine Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, Dept of Cardiology McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Exorcism
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Exorcism is nothing new; it is told more than once in the New Testament. "Possession," the drivings of the human mind (soul) from a demoniacal spirit, seems as old as history records. Indeed, prehistory may have had its part. Who is to know? In American history, the Indian medicine man—the Shaman—sought to cure ills of body or mind by expelling evil spirits—the demons—who dominated the person. In Salem, Massachusetts, witches were hanged. In France, Joan of Arc, the Maid of Orleans, died at the stake because she heard "voices." Leadership, holiness, singleness of purpose, desire for right, stood for nothing to protect her from a court that found her heretical—demoniacal. The ancient Egyptians trephined skulls to loose evils, but to no avail except early death. The Roman Catholic Church has long held that satanical possession is possible; and the Church has a ritual for exorcism. Surely, it goes back to
Severe disruption and disorganization of dermal collagen fibrils in early striae gravidarum
Authors: F. Wang, K. Calderone, T.T. Do, N.R. Smith, Y.R. Helfrich, T.R.B. Johnson, S. Kang, J.J. Voorhees, G.J. Fisher
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Stretch marks affect 50‐90% of pregnant women and can cause emotional distress. Stretch marks initially appear reddish, and mature over months to years, becoming permanent white streaks with a depressed, scar‐like appearance. As little is known about how stretch marks develop, this study, from the University of Michigan in the US, aimed to examine the molecular changes occurring in early stretch marks, with the reasoning that findings may explain the appearance of mature stretch marks. For the study, women in their second or third trimester of pregnancy provided skin samples of recently developed, reddish stretch marks on the abdomen; additionally, some women provided skin samples after delivery. The skin samples were analyzed using laboratory techniques to examine the appearance, organization and production of collagen, the main protein that provides strength and support to the skin. The authors found that collagen appeared abnormal in early stretch marks. In particular, collagen bundles, which are normally densely packed, appeared markedly separated, as if “pulled apart” by extreme skin stretching. The skin attempts to repair these separated, damaged collagen bundles by making more collagen. However, this reparative process is inadequate, and produces abnormally thin, disorganized collagen strands that fail to form normal bundles. These changes persisted in stretch marks after delivery, and likely explain why mature stretch marks appear depressed and lacking in structural support. The study's findings suggest that methods of preserving the normal organization and structure of collagen may prevent stretch marks. Once stretch marks have formed, treatments that stimulate the production of collagen that is properly organized as densely packed bundles may improve the appearance of stretch marks. Many treatments available for improving stretch marks are not effective, likely because they do not stimulate normal collagen rebuilding. As such, the authors’ findings not only provide insight into how stretch marks develop at the molecular level, but also provide a therapeutic strategy for improving stretch mark appearance.
THE THERAPY OF THE COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL
Authors: BERNARD FANTUS
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>THERAPY OF INSOMNIA</h3> Sleep is even more necessary for the maintenance of life than is food, for one cannot live as long without sleep as one can without food. Sleep is generally more important than medicine. Hence the patient's sleep should not be disturbed for medicinal treatment, unless continued effect is extremely important, when it should be definitely stated in the written order. <h3>1. Comfort.—</h3> The patient should be made comfortable as he understands comfort. The patient's sleeping habits as regards the number and size of pillows and the bed covering should be respected. A patient who has not slept well during the night and has just fallen asleep in the early morning hours should not be disturbed for the morning toilet. Better that the patient eat unwashed than die from exhaustion induced by insomnia. <h3>2. Psychotherapy.—</h3> As worry is one of the most potent causes of insomnia, the worry
Internal medicine
Authors: A. Soffer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Buffer solutions may compromise cardiac resuscitation by reducing coronary perfusion presssure
Authors: F. Kette
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate the effects of hypertonic buffer solutions on coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and resuscitability during experimental closed-chest cardiac resuscitation. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized, placebo-controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Mammalian research laboratory. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Forty-four domestic pigs. <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Cardiac arrest was induced by ventricular fibrillation in mechanically ventilated pigs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Precordial compression was started at the third minute of untreated ventricular fibrillation and maintained for an interval of 8 minutes. A hypertonic solution of sodium bicarbonate, Carbicarb (an equimolar mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate [International Medication Systems, Ltd]), or sodium chloride or an isotonic solution of sodium chloride was infused into the right atrium over a 1-minute interval starting at the sixth minute of ventricular fibrillation. Restoration of spontaneous circulation was attempted by DC transthoracic countershock after 11 minutes of ventricular fibrillation. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Plasma osmolality, CPP, and cardiac resuscitability. <h3>Results.</h3> —Infusion of hypertonic buffer and sodium chloride solutions increased plasma osmolality from an average of 280 to 330 mOsm/kg. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in the aortic pressures and CPPs generated during precordial compression. No such changes occurred after infusion of isotonic sodium chloride. Restoration of spontaneous circulation, as in earlier studies, was contingent on the levels of CPP prior to attempted defibrillation. Accordingly, none of 13 animals in which the CPP declined to less than 10 mm Hg after infusion of the hypertonic solutions were successfully resuscitated. This contrasted with nine animals that received isotonic sodium chloride and served as controls. Coronary perfusion pressure consistently exceeded 10 mm Hg in these control animals, and spontaneous circulation was restored in each instance. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Hypertonic solutions and specifically buffer solutions administered in the absence of vasopressor agents may adversely affect cardiac resuscitation efforts by reducing CPP below critical thresholds. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:2121-2126)
Smoking and Kidney Function in Persons without Diabetes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Summaries for Patients17 October 2000Smoking and Kidney Function in Persons without DiabetesSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00003 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?It is known that persons with diabetes who smoke tobacco develop diabetes-related kidney disease sooner than those who do not, and kidney disease worsens more quickly in diabetic persons who smoke. Little is known, however, about the effect of smoking on kidney function in people without diabetes.Why did the researchers do this particular study?To examine whether tobacco smoking is related to problems with kidney function in persons who do not have diabetes.Who was studied?Nearly 8000 persons who were participating in the PREVEND (Prevention of ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Smoking Is Related to Albuminuria and Abnormal Renal Function in Nondiabetic Persons.” It is in the 17 October 2000 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 133, pages 585-591). The authors are SJ Pinto-Sietsma, J Mulder, WMT Janssen, HL Hillege, D de Zeeuw, and PE de Jong.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSmoking Is Related to Albuminuria and Abnormal Renal Function in Nondiabetic Persons Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma , Jaap Mulder , Wilbert M.T. Janssen , Hans L. Hillege , Dick de Zeeuw , and Paul E. de Jong Metrics 17 October 2000Volume 133, Issue 8Page: I-33KeywordsAlbuminsBlood pressureCreatinineGeographic areasKidneysQuestionnairesRenal diseasesRenal failureUrineVascular diseases ePublished: 17 October 2000 Issue Published: 17 October 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Emergency Room Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lax Infection Control Consequences
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma cholesterol concentration
Authors: M. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Today, a plasma cholesterol determination is considered necessary in any general examination of an adult. The exact clinical significance, however, of even a normal plasma cholesterol level is almost as much a mystery today as it was four decades ago. Indeed we still do not know of any absolutely necessary function that cholesterol in plasma performs. Even its demonstrated conversion into bile acid or into steroidal hormones does not appear to be an exclusive, or even necessary, mode for the production of these substances. Like urate, plasma cholesterol also may represent a biologically superfluous waste product, discharged by myriads of intracellular steroid reactions throughout the body. We also have no proof that an abnormal plasma cholesterol level necessarily results from some disorder in either the anabolic or catabolic phases of cholesterol metabolism itself. Actually, the aqueous solubility of cholesterol itself is so minute in the absence of its triglyceride-phosphatide-protein congeners
Outpatient single dose ceftriaxone and amikacin vs. imipenem/cilastatin monotherapy in the empiric treatment of pediatric patients with high risk fever aneutropenia. A randomized, prospective clinical trial
Authors: N. Ahmed-El Borollosy, A. El Beshlawy, H. El Mahallawy, A. El Haddad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

8520 Background: The empiric usage of once daily ceftriaxone plus amikacin (C+A) for febrile neutropenia allows outpatient treatment for selected patients. We hypothesized that patients initially at high risk for sepsis can be candidates for outpatient therapy if at 48 hours satisfy strict “Selection Criteria”. Being a well established monotherapy agent, Imipenem was used as control. We compared the efficacy, treatment modification, toxicity, duration of hospitalization and cost between both groups. In addition we assessed risks of early discharge and rate of readmission. Design/Methods: A prospective, randomized crossover clinical trial involving 120 pediatric cancer patients with high-risk fever and neutropenia. Febrile patients at 72 hours were crossed-over together with adding vancomycin. Patients on C+A were assessed using Early Discharge Criteria, and if eligible continued treatment as outpatients. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. Results: We found a statistically significant difference between duration of hospitalization between the C+A [median 4.5 days] and control [9.5 days] (p<0.001), per episode antibiotic cost (p< 0.001) & total episode cost [study median $873 vs. control $1655, p<0.001]. Similar results were obtained using average admission costs in a corresponding North American institution. There was no statistically significant difference in the response to treatment at 72 hours, after crossover or at the end of episode. Cultures grew more Gram-positive bacteria (59%). Overall success rate was 95.8%. Conclusions: Pediatric febrile-neutropenic patients initially at high-risk for sepsis can be risk-assessed at some point in treatment for outpatient therapy. The convenience, less adverse effects and cost benefit of the once daily regimen of ceftriaxone plus amikacin will be particularly useful to reduce the overall treatment costs, and duration of hospitalization. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of risk categorization and outpatient therapy in the context of high-risk febrile neutropenia. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cryptosporidium Spread in a Group Residential Home
Authors: Cynthia L. Sears
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 September 1994Cryptosporidium Spread in a Group Residential HomeCynthia L. Sears, MD, Robert D. Newman, MD, and Richard L. Guerrant, MDCynthia L. Sears, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Robert D. Newman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Richard L. Guerrant, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-6-199409150-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The letter by Drs. Heald and Bartlett further suggests that C. parvum should be regarded as a highly infectious enteric pathogen. The 50% rate of secondary transmission they observed in the first group residential home is similar to the rate of potential person-to-person transmission observed in our studies in an urban slum in northeast Brazil [1]. Further evidence of the ease with which cryptosporidia are spread comes from the apparent nosocomial acquisition of cryptosporidial infection by 45% of nurses, housestaff, and students caring for patients with AIDS and cryptosporidiosis [2]. Given the recently reported low infectious inoculum for ...References1. Newman RD, Zu SX, Wuhib T, Lima AA, Guerrant RL, Sears CL. Household epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in an urban community in northeast Brazil. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:500-5. Google Scholar2. Koch KL, Phillips DJ, Aber RC, Current WL. Cryptosporidiosis in hospital personnel. Ann Intern Med. 1985; 102:593-6. Google Scholar3. DuPont HL, Chappell CL, Sterling CR, Okhuysen PC, Rose JB, Jakubowski W. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum for adult humans (Abstract) Clin Res. 1994; 42:285A. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 6Page: 467-468KeywordsAIDSCryptosporidiosisCryptosporidiumForecastingMolecular pathologyNosocomial infectionsOocystsPathogens ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Arbeiten aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parasitic Infections
Authors: Jerry D. Smilack
Journal: JAMA (1989)

One of the most intriguing oxymorons of medicine is constant change. That which is learned as medical students is adequate only for the moment. It must be shaped like clay—a piece added here, another pinched there—but never allowed to harden to a rigid state. Take parasitic diseases, for example. During the last several years, we have been witnessing the profound interplay between the human immune system and the pathogens hitherto rarely appreciated. Toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidisis, pneumocystosis—infections few clinicians might have anticipated diagnosing now are seen routinely in many medical centers. It is trite but true that all practicing physicians must become familiar with these pathogens of the 1980s. <i>Parasitic Infections</i>is the seventh in a series of tightly edited volumes on "Contemporary Issues in Infectious Diseases." Previous works have included such topics as antibiotics, respiratory infections, endocarditis, and new medical and surgical approaches to infectious diseases. All have been worthy additions
Book reviews
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Kurth, K. (ed.): Regulatory control and standardization of allergenic extracts. Kay, A. B. (ed.): The allergic basis of asthma. Baillieres clinical immunology and allergy. International practice and research. Vol. 2, No. 1. Mygind, N. &amp; Pipkorn, U (eds.): Allergic and vasomotor rhinitis: pathophysiological aspects.