tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOCIETY PROCEEDINGS.
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE JOURNAL SPECIAL TRAIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sex and Gender Bias in Illustrations in Anatomy and Physical Diagnosis Texts
Authors: Henry Schneiderman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We were intrigued by the study of sex and gender representation in selected medical textbooks done by Ms Mendelsohn and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>The authors' conclusion that there is apparent gender bias in the physical diagnosis texts they examined is certainly supported by their documentation that only 8.8% of nonreproductive system illustrations were of women, while 23.7% were men, and 67.5% were neutral. We examined the adult sections of our own recently published text,<i>Physical Diagnosis: Bedside Evaluation of Diagnosis and Function</i>,<sup>2</sup>using the criteria of Mendelsohn et al for categorizing illustrations on the basis of sex and gender. Of the nonreproductive illustrations in this text, 35% are of women, 26% are of men, and 38% are neutral. Since this textbook contains a large number of photographs of physical examination technique, examiners are visible in many of them. We also counted the gender distribution of examiners where
NECROLOGY.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Space medicine in perspective. A critical review of the manned space program
Authors: C. A. Berry
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The second flight series of the US Manned Space Flight Program has just been concluded. The successful and safely conducted Mercury and Gemini programs have provided us with the first significant knowledge concerning man's capability to cope with the environment of space. We are eagerly looking forward to long-duration flights in the three-man Apollo series and the use of a space laboratory to be accomplished in the S-IVB orbital workshop. It seems timely to review our medical progress and knowledge concerning space medicine and to evaluate the course on which we are embarked. Nineteen men have flown 25 manned flights, giving us a total weightless experience of some 2,000 man-hours. Three individuals have flown both single- and dual-crew spacecraft and four individuals have flown twice in the Gemini spacecraft. Summaries of these flight programs are presented in Tables 1 and 2. This massive flight experience, while literally only scratching the
Heparin therapy and thrombocytopenia
Authors: W. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In some patients treated with heparin sodium, severe thrombocytopenia may develop leading to thrombosis or hemorrhage, according to Donald Silver, MD, chairman of the Department of Surgery at the University of Missouri Medical Center in Columbia. To prevent these dangerous complications, all patients receiving heparin should have routine platelet counts with cessation of heparin therapy if thrombocytopenia is present, Silver told the recent meeting of the Society of University Surgeons in Salt Lake City. He also described in vitro studies suggesting that heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, and hemorrhage may result from antibodies that cause platelet aggregation in the presence of heparin. Twenty-three patients with the heparin syndrome were studied by Silver and by Donald Kapsch, MD, a research fellow in surgery at the medical center, and Glen Rhodes, MD, now a surgical resident at the Albany (NY) Medical College. The patients had been receiving standard doses of heparin either for existing
DO WE CODDLE THE HEART?
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Sertraline in the Treatment of Night Eating Syndrome
Authors: John O’Reardon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: The authors assessed the efficacy of sertraline in the treatment of night eating syndrome. Method: Thirty-four outpatients diagnosed with night eating syndrome were randomly assigned to receive either sertraline (N=17) or placebo (N=17) in an 8-week, double-blind, flexible-dose (50–200 mg/day) study. A mixed effects linear regression model was used to analyze change in the primary outcome measure, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement rating. Secondary outcomes included changes in night eating symptoms, the number of nocturnal awakenings and ingestions, total daily caloric intake after the evening meal, CGI severity ratings, quality of life ratings, and weight. Results: Sertraline was associated with significantly greater improvement than placebo. Twelve subjects in the sertraline group (71%) were classified as having responded (CGI improvement rating ≤2, indicating much or very much improved) versus only three (18%) in the placebo group. There were also significant improvements in night eating symptoms, CGI severity ratings, quality of life ratings, frequency of nocturnal ingestions and awakenings, and caloric intake after the evening meal. Overweight and obese subjects in the sertraline group (N=14) lost a significant amount of weight by week 8 (mean=–2.9 kg, SD=3.8) compared with overweight and obese subjects receiving placebo (N=14) (mean=–0.3 kg, SD=2.7). Conclusions: In this 8-week trial, sertraline was effective in the treatment of night eating syndrome and was well tolerated.
Détection par échoendoscopie de la maladie résiduelle après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante pour le cancer de l'œsophage
Journal: Endoscopy (2019)

On a suggéré que les mesures par échoendoscopie (EE) de l'épaisseur résiduelle et de l’aire résiduelle étaient corrélées avec la tumeur résiduelle histopathologique après chimiothérapie néoadjuvante (RTCT) pour le cancer œsophagien. Le rôle dans l’évaluation post thérapeutique de l’EE est très discuté, des méta-analyses récenʼes ayant conclu qu'il nʼy a pas de place pour lʼEE dans la réévaluation. En effet, lʼexactitude de lʼEE après RTCT est faible car elle ne permet pas de faire la distinction entre lʼinflammation ou la nécrose induite et la maladie résiduelle, ce qui entraîne une surestimation fréquente.
Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Authors: Albert R. Behnke, Herbert A. Saltzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IT is to Boerema and his associates that we are indebted for the renewed interest in clinical benefits to be derived from the hyperbaric (oxygen) environment. Since 1956 surgical operations have been performed in a steel chamber pressurized to 3 atmospheres (3 atm) and located within a hospital compound.1 By 1962 operations were successful on 4 patients who underwent hyperbaric surgery to correct impairments associated with the tetralogy of Fallot. Dramatic effects were observed in hyperbaric oxygen therapy to counteract the toxemia and fulminating tissue destruction of Clostridium welchii infection.An epitome of clinical progress in this form of therapy . . .
GLUCOSE AS A FOOD
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neoplasia
Authors: I Doussis-A Ogn, Poulou Remadi, L Kaklamanis, L Gatter, S Widgren, Profiles Benson, Kumar Leicester
Journal: Gut (1996)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-i (ICAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3), vascular cell adhesion molecule-i (VCAM-1) and endothelial cell adhesion molecule-i (ELAM-1) or E-selectin are inducible endothelial surface molecules involved in leucocyte adhesion.These molecules may also have an important role in the process of tumour metastasis, through their interaction with tumour cells.We examined the expression of these adhesion molecules in the endothelium of 46 colorectal carcinomas, 13 adenomas and in normal colorectal mucosa in frozen tissue sections.ICAM-1 was strongly expressed in the endothelial cells of both small arteries and veins in all normal and neoplastic cases.VCAM-1 showed a variable expression, with focal strong positivity in arteries and mild to moderate staining in most of the small veins in all carcinoma cases, and only mild staining in adenomas and in the endothelium of normal mucosa.E-selectin and ICAM-3 were not expressed by normal mucosa vessels, but while all carcinomas and 11/13 adenomas showed staining in the small venules with Eselectin, ICAM-3 was positive in the endothelium of only 3/46 carcinomas.Our findings suggest that colonic neoplasia induces a variable upregulation of the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules.This upregulation is probably a result of cytokine stimulation and may affect the host inflammatory response to the tumour, as well as the metastatic process.W62
Determination of Numbers of Lead-Exposed U.S. Children by Areas of the United States: An Integrated Summary of a Report to the U.S. Congress on Childhood Lead Poisoning
Authors: Annemarie F. Crocetti, Paul Mushak, Joel Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

In response to Congressional mandate and under the aegis of the Federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), a comprehensive report to Congress on childhood lead poisoning in the United States was prepared. We have examined numbers of lead-exposed U.S. children by socioeconomic/demographic strata for children 0.5 to 5 years of age; by children in U.S. lead-screening programs; and by enumerations of children 0.5 to 5 years old in the oldest (i.e., highest paint lead and lead plumbing) housing. Using blood lead (PbB) prevalence projection modeling and data of the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Surgery (NHANES II), it is estimated for 1984 that 2.4 million black and white children 0.5 to 5 years old in metropolitan U.S. had PbB levels greater than 15 micrograms/dL. For all races and the entire nation, we estimate 3 to 4 million children will have PbB levels greater than 15 micrograms/dL. Inner-city, low-income children have the highest prevalences of PbB levels above this criterion level, but sizable numbers of all strata of children have elevated PbB levels when considering both base populations and prevalences for the specific strata (total of 30 strata). Lead screening programs indicate much lower numbers of exposed children compared to NHANES II-based projections, for various reasons that allow programs to underestimate true prevalences. Analysis of 1980 U.S. Census Bureau housing data for 318 standard metropolitan statistical areas show that 4.4 million children 0.5 to 5 years old live in the oldest U.S. housing (pre-1950). Of these, most are actually in the more affluent socioeconomic strata.
HLA-B27
Authors: Paul Bowness
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2015)

Possession of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule B27 is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but the pathogenic role of HLA-B27 is unknown. Two broad theories most likely explain the role of HLA-B27 in AS pathogenesis. The first is based on the natural immunological function of HLA-B27 of presenting antigenic peptides to cytotoxic T cells. Thus, HLA-B27-restricted immune responses to self-antigens, or arthritogenic peptides, might drive immunopathology. B27 can also “behave badly,” misfolding during assembly and leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy responses. β 2 m-free B27 heavy chain structures including homodimers (B27 2 ) can also be expressed at the cell surface following endosomal recycling of cell surface heterotrimers. Cell surface free heavy chains and B27 2 bind to innate immune receptors on T, NK, and myeloid cells with proinflammatory effects. This review describes the natural function of HLA-B27, its disease associations, and the current theories as to its pathogenic role.
Prioritizing Oregon's Hospital Resources
Authors: Elliott S. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To provide an alternative to Oregon's treatment-specific approach to rationing, we propose a prioritization based on the local hospital resources invested in discretionary medical admissions. <h3>Design.</h3> —We used 1988 Oregon hospital discharge data to determine age- and sex-adjusted per-capita rates of inpatient days for discretionary medical admissions (for high-variation medical conditions) in each of 33 hospital service areas. Potential ceiling rates were defined based on prevailing utilization rates for discretionary medical admissions in each hospital service area. Savings were calculated under the assumption that resources allocated for inpatient treatment of these conditions in areas that exceed the ceiling rates were reduced accordingly. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Nonfederal, acute-care hospitals used by Oregon residents. <h3>Study population.</h3> —Oregon residents. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Savings were defined in terms of patient days, hospital beds, hospital charges, and average costs. <h3>Results.</h3> —Among the 16 largest hospital service areas, patient-day rates for discretionary medical admissions ranged from 188 to 335 patient days per thousand. Potential savings from applying different ceiling rates ranged from $0.4 million to $94.7 million per year. If the rate in the state capital (Salem) were used as the ceiling (218 days per thousand), then 238 beds could be closed in 20 hospital service areas, for an estimated cost savings of $47.3 million. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Hospital resources invested in discretionary admissions in high-rate areas represent an important potential source of funds for reallocation to meet other defined health care needs. Setting limits based on units of health care supply (eg, beds, capital equipment, and physicians) should be considered as an option for resource reallocation within health care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1925-1931)
"Burning Feet": Correction
Journal: BMJ (1946)

MFDICAT JOInIRNAL Tests for Smallpox Q.-The putblic health authority at Padua use a " rabbit lest" to decide the diagnosis in doubtful cases of smallpox.What is this test ?How reliable is it ?How much significance hlas a negative result ?A.-It is difficult to be dogmatic on what is meant by a "'rabbit test," but in the absence of fuller details it could be regarded as the old Paul's test"2 in which the contents of variolar pustules, after drying, were applied to the scarified cornea of the rabbit.This test is not now considered reliable, and a negative result should be regarded as inconclusive.The name, however, could be applied, very loosely, to the precipitation or complement-fixation test in which vesicular or pustular fluid or extracts of scabs are used as the antigen and an immune rabbit serum as the antibody.The results, of the complement- fixation test particularly, are highly reliable; a diagnosis should stand or fall on this test.In cases where the diagnosis is in doubt the questioner might obtain valuable help from Van Rooyen and Illingworth's technique.3Scrapings of papular or vesicular material are smeared on clean glass slides and stained by Paschen's method ; the elementary bodies of variola are much larger than those of herpes or varicella.Here again, however, a negative result does not rule out smallpox.
Assisted ventilation for patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: P. B. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Forty-six patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), 1 month to 32 years of age, had 51 episodes of assisted ventilation. Thirty-five (69%) died after 1 to 395 days of mechanical ventilation and six others (12%) died in the hospital 1 to 42 days after assisted ventilation therapy was discontinued. Only three patients survived longer than one year after discharge. These results are much poorer than those reported for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of other causes probably because of the different natural history and response to therapy in CF. Patients with CF whose conditions progressively deteriorated despite optimal therapy and no longer respond to antibiotic and physical therapy are not good candidates for mechanical ventilation. The occasional patient with good baseline status in whom acute respiratory failure develops should be considered for assisted ventilation. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1851-1854, 1978)
Evaluation of Fish Models of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibition
Authors: John W. Newman, Debra L. Denton, Christophe Morisseau, Cory S. Koger, Craig E. Wheelock, David E. Hinton, Bruce D. Hammock
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Substituted ureas and carbamates are mechanistic inhibitors of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). We screened a set of chemicals containing these functionalities in larval fathead minnow (Pimphales promelas) and embryo/larval golden medaka (Oryzias latipes) models to evaluate the utility of these systems for investigating sEH inhibition in vivo. Both fathead minnow and medaka sEHs were functionally similar to the tested mammalian orthologs (murine and human) with respect to substrate hydrolysis and inhibitor susceptibility. Low lethality was observed in either larval or embryonic fish exposed to diuron [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl), N'-dimethyl urea], desmethyl diuron [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl), N'-methyl urea], or siduron [N-(1-methylcyclohexyl), N'-phenyl urea]. Dose-dependent inhibition of sEH was a sublethal effect of substituted urea exposure with the potency of siduron < desmethyl diuron = diuron, differing from the observed in vitro sEH inhibition potency of siduron > desmethyl diuron > diuron. Further, siduron exposure synergized the toxicity of trans-stilbene oxide in fathead minnows. Medaka embryos exposed to diuron, desmethyl diuron, or siduron displayed dose-dependent delays in hatch, and elevated concentrations of diuron and desmethyl diuron produced developmental toxicity. The dose-dependent toxicity and in vivo sEH inhibition correlated, suggesting a potential, albeit undefined, relationship between these factors. Additionally, the observed inversion of in vitro to in vivo potency suggests that these fish models may provide tools for investigating the in vivo stability of in vitro inhibitors while screening for untoward effects.