tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The nonprotein nitrogen level of the blood in renal disease
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The accumulation of nitrogenous compounds in the blood constitutes the most characteristic biochemical change of renal insufficiency. The degree of retention is variously expressed in terms of the concentration of blood urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or nonprotein nitrogen (NPN), and this may occasionally cause confusion. The BUN, widely used in the United States, and the blood urea level, more frequently employed in Europe, can be used interchangeably (by using a conversion factor of 2:1). The NPN however cannot be accurately converted to BUN. Use of the NPN in clinical medicine stems from the earlier difficulties of measuring blood urea. At the present time, urea determinations are readily available and use of the NPN can no longer be recommended. However, since many laboratories continue to estimate NPN, its significance and its relation to the more commonly used BUN must be understood. The NPN of blood includes all nitrogen that is
Heat urticaria
Authors: M. W. GREAVES, I.E. SNEDDON, A. K. SMITH, D. R. STANWORTH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A case is reported of urticaria as a local response to heating the skin. The clinical, pharmacological and immunological features of this rare condition are described. Urticaria as a local response to heating of skin is extremely rare. We describe here a patient with localized heat urticaria, and report some clinical, pharmacological and immunological characteristics of the condition.
Framingham Study
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Editorial: Hypospadias.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Cough suppressants for childrenWhen asked to treat the cough of a child or adult, the first step is not to prescribe medicine but to determine the cause.Much the commonest cause of an acute cough in a child is a cold, with pharyngitis or tracheobronchitis or a postnasal discharge.The postnasal discharge is often the most annoying result of a cold.The child has little if any cough by day but coughs continually when he lies down at night to try to go to sleep.A postnasal discharge may also result from adenoids or an antrum infection.Most recurrent coughs, if not due to colds, are allergic in origin; some may be due to viral bronchitis.'An acute cough which repeatedly makes the child sick and is worse at night is probably a symptom of pertussis.An acute cough may result from an inhaled foreign body, and it is a mistake to assume that in such cases the coughing always has a sudden onset.The cough may be delayed until pneumonitis develops, or there may be only a wheeze, as in 106 of a series of 230 cases of inhaled foreign bodies.2A chronic or recurrent cough may be due to one or both parents smoking, for infants and children of parents who smoke experience more bronchitis and pneumonia than do children of non-smokers.3Again, a cough may be a habit or an attention-seeking device.It is useless to prescribe antibiotics for a cough immediately after a cold or occurring during an attack of measles, because virus infections do not respond to antibiotics and antibiotics will not prevent bacterial complications of a cold or measles.Neither is it correct to prescribe an antibiotic for an apparent respiratory infection at the onset of an attack of asthma, for these infections are nearly always viral.5 6 As Gold7 remarked, the fact that a patient has a cough does not indicate that he needs treatment for it.Enormous sums of money are wasted on cough medicines.In Britain in 19688 more than 8 million prescriptions were written for just seven linctus preparations at a cost of over fl 500 000.More recently some 75 million doses of linctus were prescribed in this country in one year.Many more millions of doses are bought in the chemists' shops without prescription.But in most cases of
Hallux-to-hand transfer during ankle disarticulation for multiple limb anomalies
Authors: R. A. Meals
Journal: JAMA (1983)

FOR TRAUMATIC loss of the thumb, the techniques and results of hallux transfer for hand reconstruction are well established. In addition, there are several reports of toe-to-hand transfer for reconstruction of the congenitally deficient hand. Most of these cases involved transfer of a normal toe from a normal foot<sup>1</sup>; in several cases, abnormal toes from cleft feet were transferred.<sup>2,3</sup>This case report highlights the treatment of a child who was born with four anomalous limbs. He required an ankle disarticulation because of a severely unstable ankle. During the preoperative planning of amputation, the usefulness of the amputated foot tissues for hand reconstruction was discussed, and a microsurgical hallux-to-hand transfer was performed at the time of ankle disarticulation. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient had four anomalous limbs at birth. No specific etiologic factor could be identified. The left upper limb had syndactylous ring and little fingers; the thumb,
Authors’ Reply
Authors: Haojia Wu, Yuhei Kirita, Erinn L. Donnelly, Benjamin D. Humphreys
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019)

We thank Ferenbach and colleagues for this important comment on the biases introduced by different single-cell dissociation methods during the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) workflow. An ideal dissociation protocol would generate a cell suspension that accurately reflects the abundance of each cell type in vivo, minimizes artifactual transcriptional responses induced by the dissociation procedure, avoids RNA degradation, and can be applied to cryopreserved tissue. Currently no single protocol accomplishes all of these goals. Although we agree that nuclear preparations underrepresent leukocytes, enzymatic cell dissociation protocols overrepresent them. In our own human biopsy scRNA-seq dataset relying on enzymatic cell dissociation, 41.4% of the cells were leukocytes.1 But it is unlikely that 40% (in some publications up to 60%) of the cells in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney are leukocytes because this is typically measured by FACS, which relies on the same enzymatic dissociation protocols that bias against parenchymal cell representation. Indeed, Figure 2 from Eis et al.2 used a histologic examination of F4/80-positive cells, and reported only 14 F4/80-positive cells per high power field, which is about 10% of the cells in that field and four-fold fewer than measured by FACS. We speculate that nuclear preparations are not simply better at resolving glomerular cell types, but all parenchymal cell types that contain tight junctions and are surrounded by basement membrane. Enzymatic dissociation may lead these epithelia to form clumps that get filtered out of single-cell preparations. This is supported by the observation that our UUO3 dataset of comparable size identified 12 epithelial clusters compared with three epithelial clusters identified in the UUO dataset provided by O'Sullivan et al.4 We also point out the importance of artifactual stress responses induced by dissociation at 37°C when analyzing diseased kidney. In this case deconvoluting artifactual gene expression from appropriate cellular injury responses may be challenging. We agree that applying different dissociation strategies to the same tissue may help resolve the biases intrinsic to scRNA-seq versus single-nucleus RNA sequencing. Disclosures None.
American Cancer Society Research Grants of the National Research Council
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1952)

Journal Article American Cancer Society Research Grants of the National Research Council Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 1, August 1952, Page 279, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.1.279 Published: 01 August 1952
Intermittent cyclophosphamide in refractory rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: K. Horslev-Petersen, J. M Beyer, P. Helin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Three patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis were treated with oral cyclophosphamide; in two cases this was supplemented with pulse treatment with methylprednisolone.Long term remission was induced in all three patients and was sustained until follow up at least nine months after the methylprednisolone was stopped.Leucopenia occurred but resolved when cyclophosphamide was reduced from daily to intermittent dosing.Intermittent treatment with cyclophosphamide, possi- bly in conjunction with pulses of methylprednisolone, may induce remission in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to other forms of treatment.
Rules for Distinguishing Toxicants That Cause Type I and Type II Narcosis Syndromes
Authors: Gilman D. Veith, Steven J. Broderius
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Narcosis is a nonspecific reversible state of arrested activity of protoplasmic structures caused by a wide variety of organic chemicals. The vast majority of industrial organic chemicals can be characterized by a baseline structure-toxicity relationship as developed for diverse aquatic organisms, using only the n-octanol/water partition coefficient as a descriptor. There are, however, many apparent narcotic chemicals that are more toxic than baseline narcosis predicts. Some of these chemicals have been distinguished as polar narcotics. Joint toxic theory and isobole diagrams were used to show that chemicals strictly additive with phenol were generally more toxic than predicted by narcosis I models and characterized by a different mode of action called narcosis II syndrome. This type of toxicity is exemplified by certain amides, amines, phenols, and nitrogen heterocycles. Evidence is provided that suggests that narcosis II syndrome may result from the presence of a strong hydrogen bonding group on the molecule, and narcosis I syndrome results from hydrophobic bonding of the chemical to enzymes and/or membranes. This shift in toxic action is apparently indistinguishable for narcotic chemicals with log P greater than about 2.7. General rules for selecting the appropriate models are proposed.
From the editors
Authors: Nicola Mccarthy, Gemma Alderton, Sarah Seton-Rogers, Darren Burgess, Catriona Rodwell, Yukie Ozawa, Man Tse, Lucie Wootton, Lewis Packwood, Lara Crow, Susanne Harris, Vicky Summersby, Patrick Morgan, Kirsten Lee
Journal: Nature reviews. Cancer (2011)
Activities
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and health of bar workers in Ireland: before and after study
Journal: BMJ (2006)

likely to be promoted may in part reflect this.Investigating this point would require complete data on employment history since graduation.The data will also include doctors in the training grades who may not want to become a consultant, and the results may be partly reflecting the preferences of this group, who are more likely to be female and work part time.However, this group is likely to be small. ConclusionsThe achievement of current government targets for the numbers of consultants are influenced by the promotion process and the quality control exercised by the royal colleges.As the proportion of female doctors increases, it will be difficult to meet government targets unless the promotion process is re-examined.This should focus on the weight given to individuals' skills and ability and the flexibility of contracts and working conditions.Safeguards will need to be in place to ensure that factors less likely to be related to ability or performance (such as sex, place of graduation, or part time working) will not influence promotion chances.Since 2000, when the data used in this paper finish, several changes have been intro-duced that have altered the career structures of hospital doctors.These include the Calman reforms, Modernising Medical Careers, further proposals for reform of the staff or associate specialist grades, and new contracts for junior doctors and consultants.It is unclear what impact these changes will have on the issues discussed in this paper.
Complications of intravenous administration of heparin in elderly women
Authors: W. V. Vieweg
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A review of two years' experience with heparin therapy administered intravenously in a coronary care unit population revealed that elderly women were particularly susceptible to bleeding episodes. Congestive heart failure may have been a contributing factor. Bleeding into the hip and groin occurred with unusual frequency and may have been due, in part, to parenteral administration into the buttocks of medications other than heparin. The first warning of bleeding occurred on an average of 48 hours before overt evidence of bleeding was noted.
THE PRECIPITINS.
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The unexampled activity displayed in the study of the reaction products which are obtained when organic substances of the most diverse character are injected into the animal body, has already borne fruit in several ways. Among the many interesting bodies found in the "antisera" are the substances known as precipitins. It will be remembered that these were first discovered in 1897 by Kraus, who found that the serum of goats that had been treated with cholera bacteria, when added to the germ-free filtrate of cholera cultures, produced a precipitate, while normal serum, added to the same filtrate, left the latter entirely clear. The strict specificity of this reaction has been maintained by Kraus and other observers, but has lately been questioned by Norris<sup>1</sup>from the results of an extended research. This observer concludes that the bacterial precipitins can not be considered specific in the strict sense, although, like the
Phase III randomized trial of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with FOLFOX or cisplatin and fluorouracil in esophageal cancer (EC): Final results of the PRODIGE 5/ACCORD 17 trial.
Authors: Thierry Conroy, Marie-Pierre Galais, Jean Luc Raoul, Olivier Bouche, Sophie Gourgou-Bourgade, Jean-Yves Douillard, Pierre-Luc Etienne, Valérie Boige, Isabelle Martel-Lafay, Pierre Michel, Carmen Llacer-Moscardo, Jocelyne Berille, Laurent Bedenne, Antoine Adenis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

LBA4003 Background: CRT is one of the best treatment options for localized EC. As new combinations are required to improve safety and survival, we launched a randomized phase II study to assess the complete response (CR) rate of CRT with FOLFOX versus 5FU/cisplatin in 97 pts with localized EC (Conroy 2010). The trial having met its objectives, it has been pursued as a phase III trial. Stratified randomization was performed centrally in a 1:1 ratio according to histological type, pretreatment weight loss in the prior 6 months (&lt;10% vs ≥10%), ECOG PS (0 vs 1 vs 2), and center. Methods: Pts with technically unresectable cancer or those with surgical contraindications or who refused to undergo surgery were eligible. Eligibility criteria also included age &gt;18 years (y), PS ≤ 2, previously untreated adenocarcinoma or squamous cell EC (any T, N0 or N1, M0 or M1a). The radiation dose was 50 Gy (2Gy/fr) 5 d/wk for 5 wks in both arms. In Arm A, pts received 6 bimonthly cycles (cy): oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 d1 and leucovorin 200 mg/m2 followed by 5-FU 400 mg/m2 bolus d1 then 1,600 mg/m2 46h continuous infusion (ci) ; the first 3 cy were delivered during RT, the 3 other after. In Arm B, pts received 4 cy: cisplatin 75 mg/m2 d1 followed by 5FU 1,000 mg/m2/d ci d1-4, the first 2 cy during RT and 2 other after. The primary endpoint was PFS. Main secondary endpoints were OS, grade 3-4 toxicities, and quality of life. A total of 266 pts would provide 90% power to detect a 20% 3y-PFS difference (α=0.05). Results: 267 pts were enrolled between 10/2004 and 08/2011. Treatment cohorts were well balanced: male 81%; median age 61 y; PS 0 53%, squamous cell 85.8%, stage III 52%, IVA 6.0% and IVB 3.0%. Full treatment was delivered to 67.9% and 72.2% of pts in arms A/B, respectively. 7 toxic deaths occurred in each arm. Grade 3/4 toxicities per pt (%) in arms A/B were neutropenia 30.6/31.3, febrile neutropenia 5.3/7.0, anemia 5.4/11.0, asthenia 17.6/10.2, respectively. The median FU time was 25.3 mos. 3y-PFS was 18.2/17.4 % (HR=1.07; 95%CI =0.80-1.43) and median OS was 20.2 /17.5 m (HR=1.06; 95%CI =0.77-1.46). Conclusions: CRT with FOLFOX does not improve PFS compared to cisplatin and 5-FU and has similar toxicities.
Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Irwin R. Callen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Raven Press has published a handsome book of 376 pages, printed on excellent paper and easily carried. It is the first volume of medical education programs sponsored by the Continuing Education Committee of the American College of Cardiology in which the editor and authors have surveyed recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This collection of papers was first presented at a recent College of Cardiology conference in Snowmass, Colo, and the coverage is well timed and most comprehensive. The book is divided into five sections. The first is on diagnostic techniques and covers not only radionuclide angiography and myocardial imaging, but also digital subtraction angiography, positron emission tomography, and three-dimensional echocardiography. The second section examines coronary artery disease, including thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary angioplasty. The third section deals with the therapy of cardiac arrhythmias, including experiences with the new antiarrhythmic drugs and surgical management. The
ENEMIES TO PROGRESS.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Possible Tumorigenicity of Nitrite
Authors: Paul G. Roehrig, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1981)

The Possible Tumorigenicity of Nitrite Paul G. Roehrig, Ph.D. Paul G. Roehrig, Ph.D. Research and Development Oscar Mayer & Co., Madison, Wisconsin 53707 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 66, Issue 2, February 1981, Pages 215–216, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/66.2.215-a Published: 01 February 1981
THE ASSASSINATION OF KING HUMBERT.
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AMA Action
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal