tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of inhibition of mediator release from human mast cells by azatadine base. In vivo and in vitro evaluation
Authors: A. G. Togias
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In vitro experimentation using dispersed human lung mast cells demonstrated that azatadine base, a compound with known H<sub>1</sub>-antihistamine properties, inhibited anti-IgE-induced release of histamine and leukotriene C<sub>4</sub>by 45% and 85%, respectively. To assess the clinical relevance of these findings and to compare in vitro mast cell data with results obtained in vivo, nasally instilled azatadine was tested in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which nasal challenges with antigen were performed on eight allergic individuals. Pretreatment with azatadine significantly suppressed the number of sneezes following antigen challenge and inhibited the associated elevations in histamine, kinins, and enzyme(s) hydrolyzing the artificial substrate<i>N</i>-α-tosyl-L-arginine-methyl-ester in nasal secretions, whereas placebo was inactive. Hence, we showed agreement between our in vitro and in vivo experimental models of the allergic reaction. Topical application of azatadine base has the potential to become an effective antiallergic treatment. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:225-229)
Manual of Psychiatry for the Medical Student and General Practitioner.
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hematology
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Internal Medicine
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) use among pregnant women is increasing, yet the association between prenatal SSRI exposure and fetal neurodevelopment is poorly understood.Lugo-Candelas and colleagues conducted a cohort study that included 98 infants: 16 with in utero SSRI exposure, 21 with in utero untreated maternal depression exposure, and 61 healthy controls.They found that prenatal SSRI exposure has an association with fetal brain development, particularly in brain regions critical to emotional processing.The study highlights the need for further research on the potential long-term behavioral and psychological outcomes of these neurodevelopmental changes. Audio Summary jamapediatrics.com Whole-Body Computed Tomography and Mortality Risk 542Is emergent whole-body computed tomography associated with lower mortality rates for children with blunt trauma compared with selective computed tomography?In a propensity-weighted, multicenter retrospective cohort study using records from the National Trauma Data Bank from 42 912 children, Meltzer and colleagues found no significant difference in mortality rates between children with blunt trauma who received emergent whole-body computed tomography scans and those who received a selective computed tomography approach.
Age Differences in Happiness and Life Adjustments of Workers
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IOWA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> Mutation Frequency in Women Evaluated in a Breast Cancer Risk Evaluation Clinic
Authors: Helen A. Shih, Fergus J. Couch, Katherine L. Nathanson, M. Anne Blackwood, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Katrina A. Armstrong, Kathleen Calzone, Jill Stopfer, Sheila Seal, Michael R. Stratton, Barbara L. Weber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in families identified in a breast cancer risk evaluation clinic. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-four families seeking breast cancer risk evaluation were screened for coding region mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 by conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. RESULTS: Mutations were identified in 37 families (22.6%); 28 (17.1%) had BRCA1 mutations and nine (5.5%) had BRCA2 mutations. The Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutations 185delAG and 5382insC (BRCA1) were found in 10 families (6.1%). However, 6174delT (BRCA2) was found in only one family (0.6%) despite estimates of equal frequency in the Ashkenazi population. In contrast to other series, the average age of breast cancer diagnosis was earlier in BRCA2 mutation carriers (32.1 years) than in women with BRCA1 mutations (37.6 years, P = .028). BRCA1 mutations were detected in 20 (45.5%) of 44 families with ovarian cancer and 12 (75%) of 16 families with both breast and ovarian cancer in a single individual. Significantly fewer BRCA2 mutations (two [4.5%] of 44) were detected in families with ovarian cancer (P = .01). Eight families had male breast cancer; one had a BRCA1 mutation and three had BRCA2 mutations. CONCLUSION: BRCA1 mutations were three times more prevalent than BRCA2 mutations. Breast cancer diagnosis before 50 years of age, ovarian cancer, breast and ovarian cancer in a single individual, and male breast cancer were all significantly more common in families with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, but none of these factors distinguished between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Evidence for reduced breast cancer penetrance associated with the BRCA2 mutation 6174delT was noted.
Bone Marker-Directed Dosing of Zoledronic Acid for the Prevention of Skeletal Complications in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: Final Results of the Z-MARK Study
Authors: Noopur Raje, Robert Vescio, Charles W. Montgomery, Joseph T Hadala, Ghulam Warsi, Solveig G. Ericson, Kenneth C. Anderson
Journal: Blood (2012)
BERLIN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Idiopathic Hypovolemia
Authors: AARON SPITAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1986Idiopathic HypovolemiaAARON SPITAL, M.D.AARON SPITAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-304_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the March issue, Fouad and colleagues (1) describe the cases of 11 patients who presented with "orthostatic intolerance" and "markedly decreased total blood volume" as determined by the radioactive albumin technique. The hypovolemia was presumably responsible for a significantly lower cardiac index and significantly higher total peripheral resistance than found in normal persons. Further support that these patients were hypovolemic was provided by a marked increase in heart rate in response to head-up tilt and an alleviation of symptoms with volume expansion. As no obvious cause for volume depletion could be found, the authors concluded that...References1. FOUADTADENA-THOMEBRAVOTARAZI FLER. Idiopathic hypovolemia. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:298-303. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MCKEOWN J. Disorders of total body sodium. In: KOKKO JP, TANNEN RL, eds. Fluids and Electrolytes. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1986:63-117. Google Scholar3. URIBARRIOHCARROLL JMH. Salt-losing nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 1983;3:193-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. GUYTONHALLLOHMEIERMANNINGJACKSON AJTRT. Position paper: the concept of whole body autoregulation and the dominant role of the kidneys for long-term blood pressure regulation. In: LARAGH JH, BUEHLER FR, SELDING DW, eds. Frontiers in Hypertension Research. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1981:125-34. Google Scholar2. URIBARRIOHCARROLL JMH. Salt-losing nephropathy. Am J Nephrol. 1983;3:193-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: AARON SPITAL, M.D.Affiliations: Rochester General Hospital Rochester, NY 14621 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1986Volume 105, Issue 2Page: 304-304KeywordsAlbuminsBlood volumeHeart rate ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diseases of Children.
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemochromatosis and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dario Conte
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 October 1998Hemochromatosis and Diabetes MellitusDario Conte, MD, Mirella Fraquelli, MD, and Agostino Colli, MDDario Conte, MDIRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore; 20122 Milano, ItalyOspedale Civile di Morbegno; 23017 Morbegno, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, Mirella Fraquelli, MDIRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore; 20122 Milano, ItalyOspedale Civile di Morbegno; 23017 Morbegno, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, and Agostino Colli, MDIRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore; 20122 Milano, ItalyOspedale Civile di Morbegno; 23017 Morbegno, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-7-199810010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Hegele and colleagues' data are most interesting. The community of the Oji-Cree screened for the HFE C282Y mutation is an isolated population in which intermarriage is common; this could explain the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the low frequency of the HFE C282Y allele compared with the worldwide and European frequencies.In addition, although most series have reported a frequency of homozygosity for the major HFE mutation of greater than 85% [1], in Southern France and Italy the frequency is only about 70%; this indicates a marked genetic heterogeneity for genetic hemochromatosis [2, 3]. The phenotypic ...References1. Bacon BR. Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis. Gastroenterology. 1997; 113:995-9. Google Scholar2. Piperno A, Sampietro M, Pietrangelo A, Arosio C, Lupica L, Montosi G, et al. Heterogeneity of hemochromatosis in Italy. Gastroenterology. 1998; 114:996-1002. Google Scholar3. Borot N, Roth MP, Malfroy L, Demangel C, Vinel JP, Pascal JP, et al. Mutations in the MCH class I-like candidate gene for hemochromatosis in French patients. Immunogenetics. 1997; 45:320-4. Google Scholar4. Piperno A, Arosio C, Fargion S, Roetto A, Nicoli C, Girelli D, et al. The ancestral hemochromatosis haplotype is associated with a severe phenotype expression in Italian patients. Hepatology. 1996; 24:43-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dario Conte, MD; Mirella Fraquelli, MD; Agostino Colli, MDAffiliations: IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore; 20122 Milano, ItalyOspedale Civile di Morbegno; 23017 Morbegno, Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1998Volume 129, Issue 7 Page: 587 Keywords Diabetes mellitus Ferritin Genetic diseases Genetic testing Geographic areas Haplotypes Hemochromatosis Homozygosity Phenotypes Type 2 diabetes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1930)

Determination of Sex.DR.N. MCCONNELL BoYCkE (Roiiiford() vrites: In the Jou(rnlal of Novenmber 13th, 1926 (p.918), I suggested that sex (leterminiatiou was a quiestioni of pre-mienistrtial or post-miieustrual coniceptioiis, the former tendinig.to produce males an,td the latter femiiales.
Phlebotomy Increases Cadmium Uptake in Hemochromatosis
Authors: Agneta Åkesson, Per Stål, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

The intestinal absorption ofthe nephrotoxic environmental pollutant cadmium increases markedly when iron stores are depleted.This may be mediated by an up regulation ofthe recently identi- fied mucosal transporter DMT1 (Nramp2 or DCT1) for divalent cations.We tested whether the highly increased iron absorption in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) was accompanied by an enhanced absorption of cadmium and lead.Cadmium and lead in blood and iron status markers were determined in 21 nonsmoking subjects with HH genetically tested for the HFEmutations and in 21 nonsmoking controls matched for age and sex.In subjects with HH on maintenance phlebotomy treatment, blood concentrations of cadmium, but not lead, were significantly higher than in paired controls.There was a strong age-independent positive association between blood cadmium and the number ofyears ofphlebotomy treatment.Blood lead showed a similar but less pronounced consequence of treatment.All HH subjects with lower blood cadmium than the corresponding controls had either no mutation in the HFE gene, were not phlebotomized, or were phlebotomized for only a limited time.Our findings indicate that the treatment rather than the disease increased the cadmium uptake in homozygous HH.Further studies are needed to confirm whether the disease decreased cadmium absorption and whether the absorption was dependent on the genotype.
Erratum
Authors: T Pugh, P Radcliffe, A Rams- Bottom, ; Owens, Owens Renshaw, E Roberts, J Sutcliffe, R Taylor, T Tierney, C Willans, T Williams, R Appleton, P Ashmore, J Ashworth, J Barnes, H Battersby, C Berry, Yorks Booth, N Bradley, S Brentnall, : Owens, Yorks Butterworth, W Canter, J Cook, ; Cran, E Cunliffe, S Davies, A Univ, ; Deane, Owens Eastham, J Floyd, F Gatenby, G Gelderd, J Greenwood, Owens-P Harding, F Hayes, G Heathcote, ; Owens, Owens Heathcote, J Hienderson, A Univ, C Johnson, ; Owens, Univ Memauus, C Matthews, H Maxfield, J Nuttall, G Parkin, ; Patchett, H Pearson, Yorks.-S Platts, M Potts, H Rayner, ; Richmond, W Rother- Ham, E Savill, F Sawdon, G Shaw, W Shaw, S Swindells, H Tansley, Owens Teasdale, M Walker, ; Waterhouse, R Wharton, J Wilson, Owens Woolham, F Young, J Aaliworth, H Butterworth, W Davies, T Garstang, W Bateman, J Dutton, W Graham, A Griffith, H Hartley, D Hurter, C Moorhouse, J Sheldon, R Sutherland, M Aungier, T Bamford, R Bollans, J Butterworth, J Clarke, : Darlow, P Fearnsides, H Henderson, A Lakin, J Lam- Bert, A Lawson, J Mason, J Mooney, A Pileher, F Pitt-Taylor, J Prest- Wich, ; Owens, A Pritchard, Owens Rhind, A Wight- Wick, J Willett
Journal: BMJ (1897)
The Right and Wrong of Making Experiments on Human Beings
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal