tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Cancer Problem and Its Solution
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The decline in blood lead levels in the United States. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES)
Authors: J. L. Pirkle
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe trends in blood lead levels for the US population and selected population subgroups during the time period between 1976 and 1991. <h3>Design.</h3> —Two nationally representative cross-sectional surveys and one cross-sectional survey representing Mexican Americans in the southwestern United States. <h3>Setting/Participants.</h3> —Participants in two national surveys that included blood lead measurements: the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1976 to 1980 (n=9832), and phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1991 (n=12119). Also, Mexican Americans participating in the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982 to 1984 (n=5682). <h3>Results.</h3> —The mean blood lead level of persons aged 1 to 74 years dropped 78%, from 0.62 to 0.14 μmol/L (12.8 to 2.8 μg/dL). Mean blood lead levels of children aged 1 to 5 years declined 77% (0.66 to 0.15 μmol/L [13.7 to 3.2 μg/dL]) for non-Hispanic white children and 72% (0.97 to 0.27 μmol/L [20.2 to 5.6 μg/dL]) for non-Hispanic black children. The prevalence of blood lead levels 0.48 μmol/L (10 μg/dL) or greater for children aged 1 to 5 years declined from 85.0% to 5.5% for non-Hispanic white children and from 97.7% to 20.6% for non-Hispanic black children. Similar declines were found in population subgroups defined by age, sex, race/ethnicity, income level, and urban status. Mexican Americans also showed similar declines in blood lead levels of a slightly smaller magnitude over a shorter time. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The results demonstrate a substantial decline in blood lead levels of the entire US population and within selected subgroups of the population. The major cause of the observed decline in blood lead levels is most likely the removal of 99.8% of lead from gasoline and the removal of lead from soldered cans. Although these data indicate major progress in reducing lead exposure, they also show that the same sociodemographic factors continue to be associated with higher blood lead levels, including younger age, male sex, non-Hispanic black race/ ethnicity, and low income level. Future efforts to remove other lead sources (eg, paint, dust, and soil) are needed but will be more difficult than removing lead from gasoline and soldered cans. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:284-291)
The neurotoxicity of the halogenated hydroxyquinolines. A commentary
Authors: G. P. Oakley
Journal: JAMA (1973)

An epidemic of 10,000 cases of a new gastrointestinal-neurologic syndrome—subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON)—occurred in Japan between 1956 and 1970. Although the epidemic was recognized promptly and a multidisciplinary search for the etiologic agent was begun, investigators did not identify the agent for more than a decade. An astute clinical observation led to careful retrospective case-control and cohort studies that strongly implicated a halogenated hydroxyquinoline, iodochlorhydroxyquin, as the etiologic agent. These findings were announced publicly on Aug 7, 1970. On Sept 8, the Japanese government removed all the halogenated hydroxyquinolines from the market. Kono reported<sup>1</sup>that the epidemic had ended precipitously and, in a personal communication (June 16, 1972), reported that the epidemic had not recurred. There is little reason to doubt that the halogenated hydroxyquinolines were responsible for the epidemic of SMON. As reported by the<i>Wall Street Journal</i>of April 11, 1972, there are those, however, who think
ATLAS: A phase II open-label study of rucaparib in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC).
Authors: Petros Grivas, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Ajjai Shivaram Alva, Susan Feyerabend, Yohann Loriot, Andrea Necchi, Sumati Gupta, Debra Hannah Josephs, Alejo Rodriguez-Vida, Sandy Srinivas, Yousef Zakharia, Kenton Wride, Daleen Thomas, Rachel Dusek, Andrew Simmons, Dale L. Nepert, Simon Chowdhury
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

TPS496 Background: There are currently no standard treatment options for patients with mUC that has progressed on or after platinum (cisplatin/carboplatin)–based chemotherapy (PBC) and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), emphasizing the need for new therapies. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas bladder cancer dataset suggests that approximately 60% of bladder cancer tumors have homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), as defined by high genomic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or a deleterious mutation in a homologous recombination pathway gene. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) rucaparib has demonstrated activity in tumors with HRD and in homologous recombination proficient tumors in the recurrent ovarian cancer setting. The ATLAS (NCT03397394) trial will evaluate the efficacy and safety of rucaparib in patients with locally advanced/unresectable UC or mUC treated with 1–2 prior anticancer treatments. Methods: Eligible patients must have measurable disease per RECIST v1.1, adequate organ function, and radiographic progression after 1–2 prior regimens (eg, PBC and/or ICI). Confirmation of HRD status before enrollment is not required, but fresh tumor tissue or recently obtained archival tissue is mandatory for HRD profiling. Prior PARPi treatment is exclusionary. All patients will receive oral rucaparib 600 mg BID until disease progression or other reason for discontinuation. The coprimary endpoints are confirmed objective response rate (investigator-assessed per RECIST v1.1) in the intent-to-treat and HRD-positive (signature based on tumor genomic LOH) populations. Secondary endpoints include response duration, progression-free survival, overall survival, safety, and pharmacokinetics. Exploratory endpoints include evaluation of molecular biomarkers associated with response and resistance to rucaparib, including changes in plasma and tumor samples, and circulating tumor DNA. Patients are being enrolled in 6 countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and USA), with a target enrollment of 200 patients. The study has &gt; 90% power to reject the null hypothesis (P = 0.10) at a 5% significance level if the true response rate for rucaparib is 20%. Clinical trial information: NCT03397394.
JAMA Neurology
Authors: Hooman Kamel, New York, Bernard Chang, Dena Dubal, San Francisco, Ari Green, Michael Okun, Florida Gil, D Rabinovici, Kate Denevan, Nancy Hills, Cynthia Armand, Samuel Pleasure, Elan Guterman, Megan Richie, Maulik Shah, Carl Bazil, Steven Dekosky, Florida Espay, Eva Cincinnati, Ann Feldman, Nathalie Arbor, New Jetté, Ruchira York, Pooja Pittsburgh, Randolph Cincinnati, Daniel Ontaneda, Stanley Prusiner, Bryan Traynor, Maryland Kenneth, L Tyler, Paul Van Ness, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Wixted, Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Fin Carter, Michael Deegan, Daniel Degroot, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Joshua Lane, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Annissa Zak, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Someren, Jamaal Vargas, Content Systems, Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre, Digital Production, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia Panek, Marla Seidell, La Son, Diggs Sledge, Julian Graphics, Joe Amft, James Collver, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, Michael Ryder, James Madara, Howard Bauchner, S Josephson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2020)

The mission of JAMA Neurology is to publish scientifi c information primarily important for those physicians caring for people with neurologic disorders but also for those interested in the structure and function of the normal and diseased nervous system.These specifi c aims are (1) to make timely publication of original research of the nervous system, (2) to record observations of single patients or groups of patients that will provide new information and insights,(3) to report more basic research that is pertinent to the understanding of disease, (4) to introduce topics of practice, ethics, teaching, and history that are useful, and (5) to provide a forum for discussion on topics that may be controversial in this fi eld.This information will be published only after extensive peer review so that originality, clarity, and precision are ensured.
Tuberculosis among Indochinese refugees in the United States
Authors: K. E. Powell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Surveys of state tuberculosis control programs revealed that of the 262,602 Indochinese refugees who entered the United States in 1979 and 1980, approximately 1.5% either had tuberculosis at the time of entry or developed it by the end of 1980; another 18% were placed on preventive therapy. The refugees comprised 5.3% of the nationally counted cases during the two-year period. Age- and sex-specific incidence rates among Indochinese refugees were 30 to 200 times higher than those for other persons in the United States. For refugees who arrived in 1979, the incidence of tuberculosis during 1980 (231 per 100,000) was only one third the incidence during 1979 (719 per 100,000). For refugees who entered the United States in 1980, the incidence during 1980 was 480 per 100,000. Bacteriologic confirmation of the diagnosis was reported for only 26% of refugees, compared with 79% of other patients with tuberculosis in the United States, suggesting overdiagnosis of tuberculosis among refugees. However, age-specific rates of bacteriologically positive tuberculosis were still 14 to 70 times higher for refugees than for the United States as a whole. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:1455-1460)
Cardiac manifestations of viral hepatitis
Authors: H. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A retrospective study was performed on 30 consecutive autopsied patients who died of acute viral hepatitis. Clinical evidence of cardiac disease included prolonged hypotension, progressive cardiomegaly, pulmonary edema, and sudden death. Electrocardiographic abnormalities included low voltage, left axis deviation, T-wave abnormalities, and cardiac arrhythmias. Fourteen episodes of cardiac arrhythmia occurred in eight patients, and 2 patients died suddenly of cardiac asystole. Pathologic findings in the heart included widespread petechial hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes, fatty degeneration of the heart, flabby dilated ventricles, and edema of the subendocardial connective tissue. Hospitalized patients with viral hepatitis may benefit from ECG monitoring and close observation for evidence of cardiac failure.
Abstract IA02: Immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy: New insights and opportunities, and prospects for cures
Authors: James P. Allison
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract The existence of multiple non-redundant inhibitory pathways that limit T cell responses offers novel strategies for mobilizing the immune system to attack cancer cells. The best characterized of these immune checkpoints is CTLA-4, which inhibits T cell proliferation by interfering with the interaction of the costimulatory molecule CD28 with its ligands B7-1 and B7-2 on the surface of antigen presenting cells. Antibodies to CTLA-4 have proven effective against multiple tumor types in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. Ipilimumab, an antibody to human CTLA-4, showed long term (&amp;gt;4 years) survival benefit in about 20% of patients in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in late stage melanoma. A follow up study of almost 5,000 patients showed that 22% were alive 10 years after treatment disease. The mechanism(s) of action of anti-CTLA-4 are still being elucidated. We and others have shown that CLTA-4 limits T cell proliferation by a cell intrinsic mechanism. However, there is also evidence that anti-CTLA-4 has to engage the target on both effector (Teff) and regulatory (Treg) T cells. Thus anti-CTLA-4 exerts its anti-tumor effects by multiple mechanisms. PD-1, another checkpoint, recruits a phosphatase and seems to interfere with T cell antigen receptor mediated signaling. It has two ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, which are both expressed on dendritic cells. However, many tumor cells also express PD-L1. Antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1 have both shown objective responses against several tumor types in clinical trials with response rates of about 25% . A recent phase III trial of a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 in melanoma showed objective responses in about 50% of late stage melanoma patients. To date the US Food and Drug administration has issued 8 approvals for antibodies targeting CTLA-4 or PD-1 in a variety of indications, including melanoma, lung, and kidney cancer. Emerging data suggest that T cell responses are largely directed toward neoantigens arising as a result of mutational events associated with the carcinogenesis. While all tumors with antigens recognizable by the immune system should be targets for checkpoint blockade, it is becoming clear that certain types of tumors with lower burdens of mutations (eg. prostate, breast, and kidney cancer) present special challenges for immune therapy. Strategies for effective treatment of such tumors will be discussed. Citation Format: James P. Allison. Immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy: New insights and opportunities, and prospects for cures. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
The Heberden Society
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1945)

The Heberden Society for the advancement of the study of the Rheumatic Diseases was founded in 1936, contemporaneously with the Empire Rheumatism Council but with a more specialized aim: the intensive culture of clinical knowledge among medical practitioners in this group of diseases.Its growth suffered, as did so much of humane activity, through the outbreak of World War II.Now that the era of peace has opened the Society has returned to its task.Towards the end of 1945 the Annual Dinner was revived and the address of the President (Dr.C. W. Buckley) described the Society's past, and outlined its future, activities.
SEROUS INFLAMMATION.
Authors: W. H. WASHBURN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

According to the biologic theory inflammation, in its ultimate analysis, "is the reaction of phagocytes against a harmful agent." This theory, which Metchnikoff has done much to establish on a scientific basis, bids fair to be universally adopted by scientists within the next few years. Wherever there is phagocytosis there is inflammation and without phagocytosis there is no inflammation. In its most typical form inflammation presents well recognized features—redness, heat, pain and swelling, but viewed from our present standpoint, none of these features are essential or necessary parts of the inflammatory process. They are merely more or less frequent accompaniments of the essential feature, the reaction of the phagocytes, either local or mobile, or vascular, against some irritant. That inflammation may exist in the absence of preternatural heat is proven by the occurrence of the process in the cold-blooded animals; that it may exist in the absence of redness and
FDA workshop explores growth factor uses
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Division of Cytokine Biology recently held a workshop to explore the clinical uses of hematopoietic growth factors (HGF), the hormonelike proteins that control the development and differentiation of blood cells (See<i>From the FDA</i>, page 1296). Nine potential human HGFs have been identified, their genes cloned, and their chromosomal locations pinpointed. They have been produced in quantity by recombinant DNA methods. In the past 2 years, several HGFs have been evaluated in clinical trials. Some of the investigators conducting these trials presented the emerging applications for the agents. <h3>Cancer Therapy.—</h3> Jordan Gutterman, MD, of the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex, chaired a session on the use of two HGFs, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), as adjuvants in cancer chemotherapy. Gutterman said that early results of several studies indicate that the agents have reduced periods of severe neutropenia
Empyema in Lung Cancer— The Cloud With a Silver Lining
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Life in the Making
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact de la carcinose péritonéale sur l’évolution des patients avec stent métallique colique pour obstruction maligne
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

La carcinose péritonéale pourrait impacter défavorablement l’évolution des malades porteurs de stents métalliques auto-expansible (SEMS) pour obstruction colo-rectale maligne, mais les données objectives restent rares. Nous avons donc recueilli les données cliniques chez les patients porteurs de SEMS coliques pour cancer colorectal selon la présence d’une carcinose péritonéale ou non.
PULP DEGENERATION.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1904)

There are two forms of pulp degeneration, physiologic and pathologic. The physiologic is along the line of evolution and under the general law of economy of growth or use and disuse of structures. Physiologic degeneration was discussed in a paper, "The Evolution of Pulp."<sup>1</sup>It was shown that structures nourishing the placoid scales were larger than the scales themselves. Later, in some sharks, toothed birds, elephants, etc., the circumscribed pulp is as large as the tooth; in the horse and cow it is smaller, while in the anthropoid apes and man the pulp grows smaller and smaller until, in adult life, the apical end is so small that only one or two small arteries and nerves enter the root of the tooth. I demonstrated the vasomotor system of the pulp with nerve endings in a paper on the "Vasomotor System of the Pulp,"<sup>2</sup>still later in 'Constitutional Causes of Tooth
Seborrheic keratoses. Scarless removal by curettage and oxidized cellulose
Authors: F. E. Mohs
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal