tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What's in It for Me?
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Reading for pure pleasure is a privilege readily available to millions. Paradoxically, many cannot partake fully of this privilege, because of an acquired vocational bias. Physicians, for instance, when reading for pleasure, still tend to choose books that are linked, however tenuously, with medicine. They will favor novels by Somerset Maugham, Walker Percy, or Michael Crichton or poems by William Carlos Williams, if only because these authors were or are physicians and their writings are apt to reflect their medical experiences and insights. Even works by lay authors dealing perceptively with a disease, such as Leo Tolstoy's<i>The Death of Ivan Illitch</i>, are among the favorites of the physicians' pleasure reading. And when reaching for a mystery story, physicians will prefer one with a medical twist. They may even derive perverse pleasure from Norman Cousins'<i>Anatomy of a Disease</i>. After all, there is much to be said for the pleasures
Lead Poisoning from an Unexpected Source in a 4-Month-Old Infant
Authors: Michael Shannon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Childhood lead poisoning is characteristically a disease that occurs between the second and third years of life, generally resulting from the child's ingestion of lead-based paint or dust. However, lead poisoning may also appear in the first year of life. The case of a 4-month-old infant is reported in which the preparation of infant formula in a lead-soldered samovar (urn) resulted in venous blood lead levels as high as 46 microg/dl. The samovar had been brought into the United States by the parents while on a visit to Iran. The infant was placed on chelation therapy with parenteral CaNa2EDTA followed by oral meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and d-penicillamine. This resulted in a rapid and substantial reduction in the blood lead level. Lead poisoning in infancy may have unusual etiologies such as in utero transmission of lead by lead-poisoned women. Because sources of lead poisoning in infancy may be unusual, a detailed environmental investigation may be necessary to identify the exact source. Children exposed to lead in the first 2 years of life have a special vulnerability to the neurotoxicity of lead, with the risk of enduring developmental handicaps. Continued public health initiatives to remove lead from the environment, in conjunction with routine lead screening of young children, will be key in meeting the goal of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to eliminate childhood lead poisoning by the year 2011.
Air Pollution and Lung Cancer in Trieste, Italy: Spatial Analysis of Risk as a Function of Distance from Sources
Authors: Annibale Biggeri, Fabio Barbone, Corrado Lagazio, Massimo Bovenzi, Giorgio Stanta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

To investigate the relationship between four sources of environmental pollution (shipyard, iron foundry, incinerator, and city center) and lung cancer risk, we conducted a case-control study of decreased men in Trieste, Italy. We identified 755 cases of lung cancer and 755 controls through the local autopsy registry. Information on smoking habits, occupational history, and place of residence were obtained from the subject's next of kin. The case-control design was used to properly account for subject-specific confounders, which represent a major problem in geographical analysis. Spatial models were used to evaluate the effect of sources of pollution on lung cancer after adjustment for age, smoking habits, likelihood of exposure to occupational carcinogens, and levels of air particulate. The models are based on distance from the sources and enable estimation of the risk gradient and directional effects separately for each source. The risk of lung cancer was highly related to the city center (p = 0.0243), with an excess relative risk at zero distance of 2.2 and a smooth decrease moving away from the source (-0.015), and related to the incinerator (p = 0.0098), with an excess relative risk of 6.7 in the source and a very steep decrease (-0.176). These results are consistent with findings of previous analyses and provide further evidence that air pollution is a moderate risk factor of lung cancer.
Blood volume.
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Structural Equation Modeling in Environmental Risk Assessment
Authors: Charles Ralph Buncher, Paul A. Succop, Kim N. Dietrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Environmental epidemiology requires efective models that take individual observations of environmental factors and connect them into meningul patterns.Single-factor relationships have given way to multivariable analyses; simple ad- ditive models have been augmented by multiplicative (logistic) modds.Each ofthese steps has produced greater enliten- ment and understanding.Modelsthat allow forfactorscausingoutputsthatcan affect lateroutputs with putaffvecausation working at several different time points (e.g., linkage) are not commonly used in the environmental literature.Structural equation models are a classofcovariance sture models that have been used exemively in _ b and social science but are still little used in the realm of bbostatistics.Path analysis in genetic studies is one simplified form of this class of models.We have been using these models in a study of the health and development of infants who have been ex- posed to lead in utero and in the potatl home environment.These models require as input the directionality ofthe rela- tionship and then produce fitted models for multiple inputscausing each factor and the opportunity to have outputs serve as input variables into the next phase ofthe simultaney fi;tted model.Some eamples ofthese models from our research are presented to increase familiarity with this class of models.Use of these models can provide insight into the effect of caing an fator when risk.The usual cautionsconcerningbelkvinga model, belivincausation has been proven, and the assnmptions that are required for each model are operative.
Diagnosis of gout.
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Diagnosis of GoutGout may be defined as the articular manifestation of hyperuricaemia.It is due to a crystal-induced synovitis.-13While untreated true gout is almost invariably associated with hyperuricaemia, a patient may have hyperuricaemia without suffering gout.Serum levels of uric acid in the general population follow a unimodal distribution curve with a mean of approximately 4-4.5 mg/lOOml.4 5Up to 9% of males and 3.5 % of females have serum levels of uric acid above the arbitrary upper limit of normal of 6-5 mg/100ml.But true gout occurs in only about 0-5 % of Europeans.4 6 7Urate is excreted through the kidneys, initially by glome- rular ifitration with subsequent reabsorption in the proximal tubule and finally by distal tubular secretion.This may be impaired by commonly used drugs such as thiazide di- uretics and small doses of aspirin,8 9 leading to hyperuricaemia.The serum uric acid level is often measured as a routine in the investigation of any joint discomfort.Thus gout may be erroneously diagnosed in patients with minor rheumatic complaints and incidental, possibly drug-induced, hyperuricaemia.The diagnosis of true gout is initially clinical.The history of acute attacks of exquisitely severe pain in a joint, accom- panied by swelling, redness, and overlying dry skin and gross tenderness, is typical.Untreated these attacks resolve 2
Field trial of live attenuated rubella virus vaccine during an epidemic on Taiwan. Preliminary report of efficacy of three HPV-77 strain vaccines in the prevention of clinical rubella
Authors: J. T. Grayston
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Three experimental rubella vaccines derived from the HPV-77 attenuated strain were field tested in a placebo controlled trial for ability to prevent rubella during an epidemic on Taiwan. A total of 3,259 doses of the vaccines and 2,735 doses of placebo were given in March 1968 to boys in grades 1 through 4 in two schools each in Taipei and Taichung, Taiwan. Twice weekly surveillance for rash disease in the placebo and uninoculated children showed, by the end of June, cumulative attack rates of more than 50% in Taipei and 20% in Taichung. There was a sharp drop in rash cases among boys receiving vaccine between two and three weeks after inoculation. Results showed an efficacy beginning three weeks following immunization for all three vaccines of 93% to 94% in the prevention of clinical rubella.
School Violence and Primary Prevention
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 483: Prevention of Aneurysm Formation using Ribbon-type Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotides against NFκB and Ets in a Rat Model
Authors: Takashi Miyake, Motokuni Aoki, Hirofumi Makino, Ryuichi Morishita
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Current therapy to treat abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is limited to elective surgical repair. Especially, there is no well-defined treatment strategy for small AAAs. Therefore, the development of a novel therapeutic approach to treat AAA is awaited. We focused on the simultaneous inhibition of the transcription factors, NFκB and ets. Indeed, we previously reported the preventive and regressive effects of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) against NFκB and ets. However, local application of ODN is necessary due to easily degradation. To overcome this limitation, we developed novel chimeric decoy ODN with a ribbon-shaped circular structure (ribbon-type chimeric decoy ODN, RC-ODN) to stabilize decoy ODN against nucleases. First, we examined the stability of RC-ODN. RC-ODN was more stable than the conventional phosphorothioated chimeric decoy ODN (PC-ODN) after incubation in the presence of exonuclease or serum. In addition, the inhibitory effect of RC-ODN on MMP-9 expression in cultured THP-1 cells was more potent than that of PC-ODN (n=8, P&lt;0.005). To achieve a minimally invasive molecular therapy, intra-peritoneal application of RC-ODN was performed in a rat AAA model. One week after injection of FITC-labeled RC-ODN, FITC-positive macrophages, migrated from peritoneal space, could be detected in the aneurismal wall. In addition, EMSA showed that both NFκB and ets activity were inhibited by RC-ODN. 4 weeks after treatment, transfection of RC-ODN inhibited the aortic dilatation as compared to control or ribbon-type scrambled decoy ODN transfer (n=6 per group, RC-ODN 5.66±1.08 mm 2 , Scrambled 13.89±3.55 mm 2 , P&lt;0.05). Interestingly, a significant preservation of elastic fibers was observed with RC-ODN treatment, accompanied by a reduction of MMP-9 activity (P&lt;0.0005) and MMP-12 expression (P&lt;0.0005), while the recruitment of macrophages was not inhibited. The expression of cysteine proteases, cathepsin B and K, was also suppressed by RC-ODN treatment (P&lt;0.05). Here, the present study provided a novel strategy to treat AAA by the simultaneous inhibition of NFκB and ets using intra-peritoneal application of RC-ODN in a rat model. Minimally invasive molecular therapy using this strategy is expected to be useful for treating AAA.
Romiplostim management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia.
Authors: Gerald A. Soff, Rekha Parameswaran, Simon Mantha, Yimei Miao, Jodi Victoria Mones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

10134 Background: Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a common toxicity of cancer therapy, often leading to delay or reduction in chemotherapy. We conducted a randomized open-label phase II clinical trial of Romiplostim versus Observation for CIT. Methods: Solid tumor patients with CIT ( < 100,000/mcL) for at least 4 weeks, requiring delay or reduction in dose of chemotherapy, were randomized 2:1 to weekly romiplostim or observation. Chemotherapy was held for at least 14 days prior to enrollment. Primary endpoint was correction of platelet ( > 100,000/mcL) within 3 weeks. Observation patients who failed to spontaneously correct platelet counts were eligible to cross over to receive romiplostim. Secondary endpoints included ability to tolerate resumption of chemotherapy for at least 2 cycles without recurrence of CIT. Results: 21 patients have been enrolled and reached the primary endpoint. 13 of the 14 (93%) romiplostim patients normalized their platelet count within the three-week primary endpoint period. The remaining romiplostim patient also normalized her platelet count, but beyond the primary endpoint. Of the 7 observation patients, only 1 (14%) spontaneously corrected her platelet count within 3 weeks. (P = 0.0009 by two-tailed Fisher’s Exact Test). 5 Observation patients were crossed over to romiplostim for at least 3 weeks, and all reached 100,000/mcL. Including initial romiplostim as well as cross over treatment, 18 of 19 patients (95%) reached platelet counts of 100,000/mcL within 3 weeks of treatment. No patient who resumed chemotherapy while receiving romiplostim (N = 14) had a recurrence of CIT and no adverse events were attributed to romiplostim. Based on the highly significant efficacy, it was felt inappropriate to continue randomizing to observation and the study is being amended accordingly. Conclusions: Weekly administration of romiplostim improves platelet counts in cancer patients with dose-limiting CIT allowing resumption of full-dose chemotherapy. We do not yet know if correction of CIT, allowing on-time, full-dose chemotherapy, will result in improved clinical outcomes. A future clinical trial evaluating romiplostim intervention on Progression Free Survival for patients with CIT is planned to follow. Clinical trial information: NCT02052882.
The effect of alcohol on nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: G. C. Vitale
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The effect of 120 mL (4 oz) of scotch whiskey (40% alcohol) on nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux was studied by ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Seventeen healthy volunteers were studied on two occasions, using a computerized radiotelemetric esophageal pH monitoring system. The subjects were given the alcohol during the second session, three hours after the evening meal, and went to bed at their usual time. Seven of the 17 subjects had prolonged supine reflux episodes on the night of alcohol ingestion. These lasted an average of 47.1 minutes (23.2 to 91.8 minutes) and occurred on an average of 31/2 hours after ingestion of whiskey and 1.4 hours after lying down. None of the subjects had these episodes on the control night. There was also a significant acidic shift in the cumulative percentage of data points below a pH of 3 and a pH of 4 in the supine position on the night of alcohol ingestion compared with the control night. This study has shown that there was a significant exposure of the distal esophagus to acid and that the normal acid clearance of the esophagus in the supine position was impaired after only moderate amounts of alcohol. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2077-2079)
Carcinogenicity of Food Mutagens
Authors: Takashi Sugimura, Minako Nagao, Keiji Wakabayashi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Cancer cells are produced by the accumulation of genetic alterations in somatic cells.Those genetic alterations are produced by xenobiotics, which enter the human body from the environment, and by autobiotics, which are produced in the human body.Food contains many different types of xenobiotic mutagens/carcinogens and tumor promoters.Food can influence the formation of autobiotic mutagens/carcinogens and give rise to tumor-promoting conditions.In spite of this, it can also contain many antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and antitumor-promoting substances.Carcinogenic risk and anticarcinogenic efficacy are hard to express quantitatively; however, holistic approaches that are designed to improve lifestyle are realistic for cancer prevention.
Academic boycott of South Africa
Authors: J. Dommisse
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Professor Benatar has castigated all of us involved in promoting the academic boycott of South Africa.<sup>1</sup>He seems less pleased with the success of the academic boycott of South Africa in helping (together with the guerrilla struggle, the internal protests, and the world economic, military, nuclear, and sport boycotts) to bring the government to the negotiating table than he is concerned about real or imagined slights to some (like himself) in South Africa who were not the main architects of apartheid medicine and health care. I have not noticed this sensitivity among those who were most strongly against apartheid, even if they were also victims of the boycott. In fact, they proudly promoted and participated in the boycott and were willing to make the sacrifice of some temporary international communication and interplay for the sake of the greater purpose of the boycott— the eradication of apartheid.
Magnetism
Authors: Mark Hallett
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>SELECTED CASE</h3> A 34-YEAR-OLD woman was well until age 22 years, when she experienced transient numbness of both hands. At age 24 years she had her first bout of urinary incontinence, a problem that continued intermittently. At age 26 years she experienced double and "faded" vision. Subsequently, she noted the gradual development of weakness and stiffness of both legs, making walking difficult. Examination showed decreased visual acuity and pale discs on funduscopic evaluation. Tone was moderately increased in the legs, but there was only minimal weakness in distal flexors. Sensation was minimally impaired distally in the legs. Reflexes were brisk and there were bilateral Babinski's responses. Visual evoked potentials were increased in latency, right side more than left. Brain-stem auditory evoked potentials from the right ear were abnormal. Somatosensory evoked potentials were normal. Magnetic stimulation of the motor areas of the brain showed delayed motor evoked potentials in abductor pollicis
Book review
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Abstract Book reviewed of this article Skin Signs of Systemic Disease. I.M.Braverman Clinical Immunodermatology. Mark V.Dahl Imtnunodermatology. Edited by B.Safai and R.A.Good New Trends in Allergy. Edited by J.Ring and G.Burg Dermatology. Current Concepts and Practice. Edited by P.Hall-Smith and R.Cairns The Staphylococci. Proceedings of the Alexander Ogston Centennial Conference. Edited by A.MacDonald and G.Smith Percutaneous Ahsorption of Steroids. Edited by P.Mauvais-Jarvis, C.F.H.Vickers and J.Wepierre Cutaneous Disorders of the Lower Extremities. Edited by M.H.Samitz
KASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

PREAMBLEUntil recently, the major causes of end-stage liver disease in Korea were chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections and alcoholic liver disease.However, hepatitis B vaccinations and antiviral drugs are anticipated to significantly reduce end-stage liver disease caused by hepatitis viruses.In contrast, the incidence of obesity-related metabolic syndrome has rapidly increased in Korea, resulting in a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from 16-33%.NAFLD had not received much attention in the past because of its relatively favorable clinical progress.However, it has received increased attention since NAFLD was identified to progress in some patients to end-stage liver diseases, such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.For this reason, the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD have been proactively investigated in recent years.However, clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD have not been established in Korea.This need prompted the Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL) to develop the "KASL Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease", based on a systematic approach that reflects evidence-based medicine and expert opinions. Target populationPatients diagnosed with NAFLD based on clinical, biochemical, radiological, or pathological findings, without significant alcohol consumption or liver diseases, including viral hepatitis, were primarily involved in the development of these guidelines.These guidelines were also based on pediatric and adolescent patients with NAFLD with unique findings that distinguish these cases from adult NAFLD. Intended usersThe aim of these guidelines is to provide useful clinical information and direction to healthcare providers involved in the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD patients.Moreover, these guidelines are intended to provide definite and practical information to resident physicians, practitioners, and trainers. Developer and funding informationThe Clinical Practice Guideline Committee for the Management of NAFLD (Committee) was organized in accordance with the proposals and approval of the KASL Board of Executives, consisting KASL clinical practice guidelines: Management of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseThe Korean Association for the Study of the Liver (KASL) *