tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Lectures on Diseases of the Nervous System
Authors: A. H. Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1884)

GEN-TLEMEN,-I beg to direct your attention to a case which at present occupies one of my beds in the hospital, and which presents a clinical picture of disease, to which the term bulbo-spinal atrophic piralysis may appropriktely be g'iven.-Thiscondition is worthy of considera- tionl, not only, on account of its comparative rarity, its occurrence .thefemale sex, and at an early age, but because it supplies a text the discussion of many intrinsic features of interest connected with Jane C., aged 28, seamstress, tells us that there is no history of nervous disorder in her family, anld that she herself has always been in the most robust health till about a year ago.About this time, and without apparent cause, a slight hesitation in her speech was observed; but this was at first so trilling, that no notice of it.This peculiarity in talking, however, very gradually increased, -and, a month or so later, in addition, weakness and awkwardness her hands and fingers were experienced, and clumsiness Iin performing accustomed acts.This also very slowly progressed, and, shortly wards, the same condition appeared in the lower extremi'ties.these symptoms, wliich began very insidiously, have continued crease up to thepresent tiniie, the geiieral health of the patient remain- ing all the while in an excellent condition.On personal examinationi (January 3rd, 1884), the patient is seen be stout andruddy ill appearance, ingood spirits, and in robust health, and allthe organs and functionls are healthy, except the; nervous and muscular systems about to be indicated.She 'a
Microprocessor controlled movement of solid colonic content using sequential neural electrical stimulation
Authors: M A Amaris
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background and aims: Invoked peristaltic contractions and movement of solid content have not been attempted in normal canine colon. The purpose of this study was to determine if movement of solid content through the colon could be produced by microprocessor controlled sequential stimulation. Methods: The study was performed on six anaesthetised dogs. At laparotomy, a 15 cm segment of descending colon was selected, the proximal end closed with a purse string suture, and the distal end opened into a collecting container. Four sets of subserosal stimulating electrodes were implanted at 3 cm intervals. The segment of bowel was filled with a mixture of dog food and 50 plastic pellets before each of 2–5 random sessions of non-stimulated or stimulated emptying. Propagated contractions were generated using microprocessor controlled bipolar trains of 50 Hz rectangular voltage having 20 V (peak to peak) amplitude, 18 second stimulus duration, and a nine second phase lag between stimulation trains in sequential electrode sets. Results: Electrical stimulation using the above mentioned parameters resulted in powerful phasic contractions that closed the lumen. By phase locking the stimulation voltage between adjacent sets of electrodes, propagated contractions could be produced in an aboral or orad direction. The number of evacuated pellets during the stimulation sessions was significantly higher than during the non-stimulated sessions (p&lt;0.01). Conclusions: Microprocessor controlled electrical stimulation accelerated movement of colonic content suggesting the possibility of future implantable colonic stimulators.
Chloroform Accidents
Authors: J. T. Clover
Journal: BMJ (1871)

soon after which she had a fearful gush of haemorrhage.She was put into bed and plugged.She was delivered of a still-born child after four hours; but she never rallied, dying in two hours afterwards, having had no more hremorrhage.Concealed Accidental Ihtcmorrhae.-CaseT, aged 38; ninth preg- nancy ; had a fall two months before, which brought on hmemorrhage, from which with care she recovered, and went on to the full term.The child was born after six lhours' labour, and she died in twenty-seven hours from syncope.-CaseII, aged 28; fourth pregnancy; was seized wi-ith faintness and vomiting ; feeble pulse and great prostration; she was well bouuid up and supported with stimulants until pains came on - after the expulsioni of the child a large mass of clots followed.She was very feeble anid suffered from intense nervous excitability for eighteen days, when she died after two days' pneumonia.S9Pasmnodic Aslistka.-Aged 37; tentlh pregnancy ; was thrown out of a trap at about the sixth month, which shook her much, and from which she had slight concussion.The attack of astlhma came on three days before labour ; she had albuminous urine ; died on the eleventh day.Br-onchitis.-Aged 34; premature labour on account of the bronchitis; she died in two days.
Section 63.—Primary Neoplasms of Joints
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TUBERCULOSIS AFLOAT
Authors: Vernon Knight
Journal: JAMA (1968)

On six occasions in recent years, tuberculosis has broken out aboard US Navy ships. A serious outbreak that occurred in 1964-1965 is reported in this issue (p 175) by Hardy and Schmidek. A more recent epidemic is described by Houk and associates in the January issue of the<i>Archives of Environmental Health</i>, with additional comment by Hanzel on the history of control of tuberculosis in the Navy. The recent outbreaks had a common pattern of occurrence. Each originated from pulmonary tuberculosis proven by x-ray findings in a member of the crew. The secondary cases were of two types: First, there were a large number in whom conversion of the skin test to positive occurred in the absence of symptoms or evidence of pulmonary involvement on x-ray examination. A large number of these were found to have positive cultures for<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in sputum or gastric aspirates. Second, a smaller number
NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE IN ENGLAND STILL AN EXPERIMENT
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Overview of Species Differences in the Effects of a Water Extract of Cotton Bract on Isolated Airway Smooth Muscle, and Effects of E. coli Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Jeffrey S. Fedan, Victor A. Robinson, Douglas W. P. Hay, Kenneth C. Weber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Our laboratory has been comparing the activity of a water extract of cotton bract (CBE) with the isolated trachealis smooth muscle of the dog, guinea pig, and cat. CBE induced contractions that were not mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), histamine, or muscarinic receptors. The active agent(s) in CBE was dialyzable (less than 14,000 molecular weight), and substantial activity was retained after low-temperature ashing. CBE potentiated contractions of dog trachealis to histamine and 5-HT and relaxation responses to isoproterenol, whereas it had no effect on responses to methacholine and KCl. In the guinea pig trachealis, CBE reduced responsiveness to KCl, potentiated relaxations to adenosine and ATP, and did not alter the responses to the remaining agents. Responses of cat trachealis to KCl and isoproterenol were potentiated by CBE, while those to 5-HT were unaffected. Neurogenic cholinergic contractile responses were potentiated by CBE in the trachealis of the dog, but not of the guinea pig, while neurogenic relaxations were potentiated by CBE in guinea pig trachealis but not in the dog trachealis. There are thus marked species differences in the acute effects of CBE on airway smooth muscle. Due to recent interest in the possible involvement of bacterial endotoxins in the etiology of byssinosis, we examined the effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in guinea pig trachealis. An initial examination revealed that LPS potentiated responses to histamine, but not those to methacholine and isoproterenol. This effect vanished upon a second appraisal with a different batch of LPS. The effect of LPS in airway smooth muscle is thus, at present, equivocal.
OSKAR MINKOWSKI (1858-1931) DESIGNER OF EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CBMT-35. MicroRNA ANALYSIS OF THE INVASIVE MARGIN OF GLIOBLASTOMA REVEALS DRUGGABLE THERAPEUTIC TARGETS IN LIPID METABOLISM PATHWAYS
Authors: Huda Alfardus, Maria de los Angeles Estevez Cebrero, Jonathan Rawlinson, Anbarasu Lourdusamy, Richard Grundy, Alan McIntyre, Stuart Smith
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Heterogeneity of gene expression in Glioblastoma (GBM) has been recently recognised as a key feature involved in therapy resistance with invasive cells remaining after surgery and displaying unique molecular features. The dysregulation of small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) can disrupt gene regulatory networks and contribute to GBM development. However, the intra-tumour heterogeneity of miRNA expression in GBM has not yet been investigated. MATERIAL AND Global miRNA expression profiling was performed in 45 GBM surgical specimens sampled from the tumour necrotic core, proliferative rim and the invasive margin. Gain-of-function studies were conducted using transfection of selected mature miRNAs into GBM cell lines. Global metabolomic profiling by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) and gene expression assays were used to identify molecular targets regulated by miRNAs in GBM cells. Transwell assays were performed to examine the migration and invasion effects of inhibiting targets expression. Evaluation of targets expression in tumour tissue samples was performed by qRT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analysis. We identified two significantly upregulated miRNAs in the invasive margin compared to the core and the rim of the tumour. Integrated metabolomic and gene expression analysis revealed that these miRNAs may act synergistically to target key enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation (ACOX1 and CPT2) and lipoprotein uptake and secretion (LDLR). ACOX1, CPT2 and LDLR were found to be expressed at lower levels in the core and the rim relative to the tumour invasive margin. The pharmacological inhibition of CPT2 and LDLR resulted in a significant reduction in GBM cell invasion. CONCLUSION: Our finding indicates that lipid metabolism may present a possible vulnerability of GBM invasive margin. Understanding the function of miRNAs in regulating lipid homeostasis in GBM may provide novel avenues for GBM therapy.
Cholestatic jaundice in adults. Algorithms for diagnosis
Authors: M. G. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

IN TWO prior publications in this series, algorithms were presented that primarily dealt with the diagnosis of jaundice in the newborn<sup>1</sup>and with medical causes of jaundice in older children and adults.<sup>2</sup>In the latter publication, the author concluded that "the most difficult problem in the diagnosis of jaundice is the differentiation of intrahepatic from extrahepatic cholestasis." Our algorithms pursue this problem by branching logic using current diagnostic modalities that have become available during the past few years (Fig 1). When conjugated hyperbilirubinemia exists with increasing total bilirubin levels of more than 3 mg/dL, visualization of the biliary tree by conventional oral or intravenous cholecystography (IVC) is unlikely and should not be attempted. The initial step is to determine if there has been recent biliary tract surgery. When a T-tube is still in situ, T-tube cholangiography is the simplest way to opacify the biliary tree and clarify
Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among Secondary School Students—Budapest, Hungary, 1995 and 1999
Journal: JAMA (2000)

The average per capita cigarette consumption in Hungary is among the highest in the world (World Health Organization [WHO], unpublished data, 1997) (1). In 1999, the Metropolitan Institute of State Public Health and Public Health Officer Service, Budapest, Hungary, collaborating with CDC, conducted a survey of cigarette smoking among secondary school students aged 14-18 years in Budapest (1999 population of Budapest: approximately 2 million), similar to a survey conducted in 1995 (2). This report summarizes the survey findings, which indicate that current smoking among secondary school students in Budapest increased from 36% in 1995 to 46% in 1999.
Book Review Changes in the Knee Joint at Various Ages, with Particular Reference to the Nature and Development of Degenerative Joint Disease . By Granville A. Bennett, M.D., Hans Waine, M.D., and Walter Bauer, M.D. 4°, cloth, 128 pp., with 9 illustrations and 31 plates. New York: The Commonwealth Fund, 1942. $2.50.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1943)
New Roentgenologic Sign of Right Aortic Arch
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Duodenal Ulcer Trials
Authors: 1.-G Figueroa, M Troncoso, D Portell, F Catalano, U Privitera, R Catanzaro, A Li- Berti, M Romeo, G Branciforte
Journal: Gut (1995)

H. pvlon (Hp) is a major pathogen involved in gastric inflammation, gastroduodenal ulcers and probably some types of gastric cancer.The early acquisition and lifelong maintinace of Hp infection is very common in unrderdoped areas ofthe world An adea antibiotic regmen is a useul alternative to cure duodeal ulcers, however its implementation in underdevelopd areas has been questioned assuming such idduaIs had a high r-infection index that im te even succesful thrpni -s.To test the real impact of Hp re-infecdon in a region with high Hp prevalence we evaluted a group of 60 dodenal ulcer patients from low socio-economic Ieel.who rceived a triple antbiotic therapy in a Public Santiago Hospital.The 4 wees therapeuic regimen included omeprazole (20 mg po q24h, 4 wks), amoxicillin (500 mg po q8h), metnidazoe (250 mg po q8h) and bismuth subsalicilate (524 mg po q6h).The ospecive stu included clinical, endoscopic, microbiologic (direct biopsy urease test, mic and cure) and seologic (lgG ELISA) evaluations on admission on day 28 and at 4, 8, and 12 mo later.During a 12 mo follow up std a total of 49/60 (82%/) patients healed their ulcers and e cated Hp infection According to clinic, endobcopic, bacteriologic and serologic evaluaions none of these cured duodenal ulcer patients become re-infected in the following year of obsvation.The remaining 11/60 (18%) patients all had ulcer healing on day 28th.Among them 4 (36/%) ver had Hp negative evaluations, fve (45/.)became re-colonized by month fourth and 2 (18%)were Hp positive after a year.In total only 1/11 (10%f.)had ulcr recurrenc after a year of ureillae.According to data presented here both e cated and non eaicated do a ulcer patients who received a triple antibiotic thera had low recuirrenam rates.In comparisson patients treated with omeprazole alone (3114963%/o).In conclusion triple thay to cure duodenal ulcen patients contitutes a cost effective interention even in a highly con enionment with high rates of Hp colonization in asymptomatic individuals (1 ).
Marijuana for drug-induced nausea and vomiting
Authors: D. L. Sweet
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In 1975 investigators at the Sidney Farber Cancer Institute in Boston became intrigued by reports from some young patients who said that when they were "high" from smoking "pot," they experienced less or none of the severe nausea and vomiting that usually accompanied their cancer chemotherapy treatments. The investigators subsequently developed a protocol to test the antiemetic effects of Δ<sup>9</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal mood-altering agent in marijuana. Of the patients receiving THC, 25% did not vomit at all, and 45% experienced a substantial reduction of their vomiting.<sup>1</sup>In a control group that received a placebo, 73% reported no reduction in nausea or vomiting. Those patients who experienced euphoria were the most likely to also experience a reduction in nausea and vomiting. Toxic effects were tolerable, but a few patients suffered paranoid ideation, feelings of terror, panic, and visual hallucinations. Nevertheless, the Sidney Farber study provoked renewed interest
Health care changes after independence and transition to majority rule
Authors: M. Barry
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In the midst of the political maelstrom enveloping South Africa and deeply affecting its health care system, neighboring Zimbabwe (Figure) offers an important regional model in which to analyze the impact on health care of transition to majority rule. <h3>Political History</h3> Zimbabwe, once known as Southern Rhodesia, gained independence and black majority rule on April 18, 1980, after a much-publicized and bitter independence war.<sup>1(p321)</sup>Originally colonized by the British in 1890, Southern Rhodesia became a colonial government in 1923. The primary tactic of British economic control was widespread land appropriation, forcing peasantry into employment in mines and on farms for poverty wages. After neighboring Zambia and Malawi became independent of Britain in 1964, Southern Rhodesian Prime Minister Ian Smith vowed that there would never be African majority rule in Southern Rhodesia and announced unilateral declaration of independence from Britain in 1965.<sup>1(p322)</sup>A bitter 15-year liberation struggle ensued, which
The risk of esophageal cancer in patients with achalasia. A population-based study
Authors: R. S. Sandler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine more precise and accurate cancer risk estimates for achalasia that could be used to plan surveillance. <h3>Design.</h3> —Cohort. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Swedish population. <h3>Participants.</h3> —All patients with achalasia listed in the population-based Swedish Inpatient Register from 1964 through 1989. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The observed number of cancers in the cohort was compared with expected numbers of cancers (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) for each 5-year age group and calendar year of observation, calculated using data from the Swedish Cancer Registry. <h3>Results.</h3> —A total of 1062 patients with achalasia accumulated 9864 years of follow-up. The mean age at entry was 57.2 years, and the mean age at cancer diagnosis was 71.0 years. Esophageal cancer occurred in 24 patients. The risk of esophageal cancer in the first year after achalasia diagnosis was extremely high (SIR, 126.3; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 63.0 to 226.1) as a consequence of prevalent cancers leading to distal esophageal obstruction simulating achalasia. During years 1 to 24, the risk was increased more than 16-fold (SIR, 16.6; 95% CI, 8.8 to 28.3). Annual surveillance after the first year would require 406 endoscopic examinations in men and 2220 in women to detect one cancer. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Patients with achalasia are at markedly increased risk of developing esophageal cancer. A substantial number of surveillance examinations might be required to screen for cancers, especially in women. It is not known whether surveillance will result in improved survival. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1359-1362)