tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suicide mortality in the Maryland state prison system, 1979 through 1987
Authors: M. E. Salive
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Prisoners are reported to have a higher suicide rate than the community. We studied suicides in the Maryland prison system to determine the level of risk and risk factors for inmate suicide. There were 37 male inmate suicide deaths between 1979 and 1987 (39.6 suicides per 100 000 male inmates), which is significantly higher than the age- and race-adjusted male suicide rate in the general population of Maryland (22.0 per 100 000). Risk of male inmate suicide was increased for the following characteristics: white race (relative risk [RR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.9), age 25 to 34 years (RR, 1.8%; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.4), major crime committed against person (RR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7 to 6.7), life sentence (RR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.0), and classification to the major maximum security institution in the prison system (RR, 5.1; 95% CI, 2.7 to 9.8). The methods of suicide chosen by inmates were hanging (86%), cutting wound (5%), antidepressant overdose (5%), and fall from height (3%), We conclude that inmate suicide represents a significant correctional health and public health problem. Specific implications for prevention of inmate suicide are examined. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:365-369)
Vocal innovation
Authors: John L. Locke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract An important form of innovation involves use of the voice in a new way, usually to solve some environmental problem. Vocal innovation occurs in humans and other animals, including chimpanzees. The framework outlined in the target article, appropriately modified, may permit new perspectives on the use of others as tools, especially by infants, and the evolution of speech and language.
Ventricular septal defects after myocardial infarction. Early operative treatment
Authors: A. F. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Twelve patients underwent emergency operative closure of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) occurring as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Operations were performed an average of eight days following infarction, and five days after the appearance of the VSD. All patients were in cardiogenic shock or intractable congestive heart failure. Operative repair involved closure of the septal defect with the use of a Teflon patch and pledgets for support. In addition, an infarctectomy or aneurysmectomy was performed in most of the survivors. Six patients are alive 6 to 54 months after operation (average, 22 months). Successful early operative closure of a postinfarction VSD can be accomplished, with an encouraging survival rate. The major factor determining survival was the function of the remaining myocardium.
Abstract O.74: Statin Alleviates Persistent Coronary Arterial Inflammation Long After Kawasaki Disease - A Serial Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study -
Authors: Kenji Suda, Nobuhiro Tahara, Akihiro Honda, Hironaga Yoshimoto, Shintaro Kishimoto, Yoshiyuki Kudo, Hayato Kaida, Toshi Abe, Takafumi Ueno, Yoshihiro Fukumoto
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The patient, 42-year-old male, was suffered from Kawasaki disease (KD) at 4 month of age and left with giant left coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and occluded giant right CAA. When he visited us at 40 years of age after long interval, a multi-detector X-ray computed tomography revealed persistent giant CAA with 12 mm in diameter at segment 6 with low density area inside of it, stenosis distal to this CAA, persistent giant CAA with 12 mm in diameter at segment 11, and total occlusion of right coronary artery orifice with recanalization. Positron emission tomography using fluorodexoy glucose (FDG-PET) with co-registration of x-ray computed tomography showed significant FDG uptake around the left coronary orifice of the aortic wall and extending to the proximal left CAA wall with 1.48 of target-to-background ratio, indicating persistent inflammation. He has 2 risk factors of atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia and a history of smoking and, since then he has been placed on 2 mg of oral pitavastatin. With the treatment, his LDL-cholesterol has decreased (105 at baseline vs. 74 mg/dL on treatment) though HDL-cholesterol did not change significantly (31 at baseline vs. 30 mg/dl on treatment). FDG-PET after 2 years of treatment indeed showed alleviation of coronary inflammation with significantly smaller area and lower uptake of FDG on the coronary wall with 1.28 of target-to-background ratio. This case indicates that statin can alleviate persistent coronary artery inflammation long after KD and FDG-PET can be a useful monitoring tool of this process.
Willard parker (1800-1884) New York physician and surgeon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SPINAL CONCUSSION.
Authors: S. V. CLEVENGER
Journal: JAMA (1889)

InTHE JOURNALof Dec. 15, 1888, is published the Proceedings of the Chicago Medico-Legal Society of Oct. 6, 1888, beginning with a paper by Dr. James Burry, Surgeon to the C. S. F. &amp; C. Railroad, who states that within five years $11,000,000 have been paid as damages by English railway companies in cases of alleged injury to the spinal cord, and $300,000 to the Chatsworth sufferers, among whom spinal injtfry cases preponderated. This may seem hard upon the railroad companies, but it would not be reasonable to suppose that the courts would have awarded such sums unjustly in all cases. Imagine the Jay Goulds of the world free to coin millions from the traveling public, unhedged by any fear of damage suits for carelessness, incompetence, or brutal disregard of human life. Dr. Burry cites the case of Waterman<i>vs</i>. the Chicago &amp; Alton R. R., wherein the defense
A Molecular Biomarker to Diagnose Community-acquired Pneumonia on Intensive Care Unit Admission
Authors: Brendon P. Scicluna, Peter M. C. Klein Klouwenberg, Lonneke A. van Vught, Maryse A. Wiewel, David S. Y. Ong, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Marek Franitza, Mohammad R. Toliat, Peter Nürnberg, Arie J. Hoogendijk, Janneke Horn, Olaf L. Cremer, Marcus J. Schultz, Marc J. Bonten, Tom van der Poll
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2015)

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) accounts for a major proportion of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions for respiratory failure and sepsis. Diagnostic uncertainty complicates case management, which may delay appropriate cause-specific treatment.To characterize the blood genomic response in patients with suspected CAP and identify a candidate biomarker for the rapid diagnosis of CAP on ICU admission.The study comprised two cohorts of consecutively enrolled patients treated for suspected CAP on ICU admission. Patients were designated CAP (cases) and no-CAP patients (control subjects) by post hoc assessment. The first (discovery) cohort (101 CAP and 33 no-CAP patients) was enrolled between January 2011 and July 2012; the second (validation) cohort (70 CAP and 30 no-CAP patients) between July 2012 and June 2013. Blood was collected within 24 hours of ICU admission.Blood microarray analysis of CAP and no-CAP patients revealed shared and distinct gene expression patterns. A 78-gene signature was defined for CAP, from which a FAIM3:PLAC8 gene expression ratio was derived with area under curve of 0.845 (95% confidence interval, 0.764-0.917) and positive and negative predictive values of 83% and 81%, respectively. Robustness of the FAIM3:PLAC8 ratio was ascertained by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the validation cohort. The FAIM3:PLAC8 ratio outperformed plasma procalcitonin and IL-8 and IL-6 in discriminating between CAP and no-CAP patients.CAP and no-CAP patients presented shared and distinct blood genomic responses. We propose the FAIM3:PLAC8 ratio as a candidate biomarker to assist in the rapid diagnosis of CAP on ICU admission. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01905033).
Inside Front Cover Image, Volume 41, Issue 4
Authors: Xuewu Liang, YiChun Cao, Chunpu Li, Haolan Yu, Chenghua Yang, Hong Liu
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2021)

The cover image is based on the Review Article MALT1 as a promising target to treat lymphoma and other diseases related to MALT1 anomalies by Xuewu Liang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/med.21799.
"A LACRIMAL NEEDLE AND PUNCTUM DILATOR COMBINED"
Authors: Arthur S. Tenner
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, July 5, 1924, appeared a description under my name of a lacrimal needle and punctum dilator combined. This article failed to mention that Dr. Carl Koller of New York had previously devised a lacrimal needle with a solid tip and lateral fenestration, which admirable features I had incorporated in the needle under Dr. Koller has just called my attention to this omission (not of my making, for if you consult your files I am sure you will find my original report mentioned this fact) and though in every other feature the Tenner needle differs from the one devised by Dr. Koller, in all justice to the latter, due credit and acknowledgment should be given to him.
J Thoracic &amp;&amp;ardiovascular Surgery, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hazardous Donors
Authors: A. William Shafer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The case reported by Lefer and Rosier (239:296, 1978), although not unusual at all in our experience, does point out the importance of a centralized registry of possible hazardous donors. The American National Red Cross Blood Program has had such, the Donor Deferral Registry, in operation since 1970. Donor names are entered into this register when the donor reports a history of hepatitis, when the HBsAg test is positive, or when the donor's blood is involved in a case of posttransfusion hepatitis. In our blood center, where approximately 250,000 donors are seen each year, names of 1,400 donors are entered each year, and at least 15 times a month a donor is seen who had been notified not to donate again because of the possibility of being a carrier of hepatitis virus. As a matter of fact, several donors have donated three times after the initial entry
Strategies to reduce cigarette sales. Excise taxes and beyond
Authors: A. Blum
Journal: JAMA (1986)

CIGARETTES are among the highest taxed consumer products. In the United States, one third of receipts from civilian retail cigarette sales goes to federal, state, and local treasuries in the form of excise or sales tax, and in fiscal year 1984, the federal government's share of $10.1 billion in tax revenue was greater than $4.7 billion.<sup>1</sup>Yet in view of the enormous cost of smoking-induced illness (estimated by health economists to be between $39 and $55 billion per year, or a minimum of 10% of the national outlay for health care<sup>2</sup>), it is hard to believe that cigarette taxes are not specifically earmarked for health care, much less to discourage smoking. Indeed, if the recent year-long debate in Congress over whether to retain the 16-cent federal tax is any indication, then there is little doubt that the government sees cigarette taxes solely as a means for deficit reduction.
Changes in Biochemical and Physiological Indices in Animals Produced by the Combined Effect of Benz [a] Pyrene and Phenol
Authors: N. N. Skvortsova, I. V. Vysochina
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Early energy changes in lungs, liver, and kidneys during the introduction of a benz a pyrene and phenol (as the possible carcinogen activator) were studied. It was observed that 10 days after a single instance introduction of 5 mg benz a pyrene per 0.9% NaCl (60 rats), oxidative phosphorylation in the lungs and livers is disturbed in the test rats, accompanied by a reduction of adenine nucleotides in these tissues. It is assumed that at this stage, the detoxication of benz a pyrene is intensified by free oxidation systems and by the respiratory chain of mitochondria. A chronic 3-month exposure to benz a pyrene and phenol (150 rats, each 5 mg of benz a pyrene per month intratracheally and 0.4 mg/m3 of phenol round-the-clock) results in greater disturbances of the energy exchange in the lungs, liver and kidneys. Benz a pyrene and phenol, individually and in combination, inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in the lungs. This significantly decreases the content of adenine nucleotides in this tissue. Activation of anaerobic glycolysis (twofold) and of aerobic glycolysis (eightfold) does not make up for the energy insufficiency in the tissue. The effect of benz a pyrene and phenol in the liver also results in suppressing oxidative phosphorylation and in the activation of glycolysis (anaerobic 2.5 times, the aerobic 3.7 times). Changes in the bioenergy of the kidneys are not as great. Phenol in its combined effect with benz[a]pyrene intensifies the effect of the latter, as shown primarily to the greater activation of anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis in the lungs and livers of test rats. The observed disturbances as concern the weight dynamics of the animals (weight loss in test rats), vitamin metabolism (their decrease in the organs in in urine) and hemopoiesis of red blood cells (erythropenia) attest to the toxic effect of benz a pyrene phenol on the organism, which is greater in the case of the combined action of the studied agents. No changes were discerned in the morphology of white blood cells.
Preparations and Appliances
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Lupus, apparently, is much less common in America than in Europe, and Dr. Myerson claims only a very small clinical experience of this form of tuberculosis.The most original part of the book is that in which tracheal and bronchial tuberculosis is described along with an account of bronchoscopy in this particular connexion.This is a recent application of the bronchoscope, and the views expressed upon its use and abuse are a valuable guide.Writing of the tongue it is stated that at the Sea View Hospital sections were made of 200 tongues, and 19.9% were affected with tuberculosis.This state- ment is repeated later in the book, so that it is apparently not merely a slip of tfie pen, but it is difficult to understand how the
Losing Remembering
Authors: Martin H. Ellbogen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Ad Libitum7 October 2014Losing RememberingMartin H. Ellbogen Jr., MDMartin H. Ellbogen Jr., MDFrom Casper, Wyoming.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-1799 Audio Reading - “Losing Remembering” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Losing Remembering," by M.H. Ellbogen Jr. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail How many times in her long lifeHad she watched the birdfeederFrom the chaise on her patio,As her mind filled to the brimWith countless grains like sand.A silo for avian appetites,Red-breasted house finchesAnd their grey mates,An occasional sparrow, bullying his wayOnto a perch,Frenetically pecking and snappingOne speck at a time,Cracking and grindingAnd spitting out the leavings,Indifferently devouringAll the seeds and kernelsGathered in her life.As efficient as enzymesAnd greedy with purpose,When one was satisfiedAnother followed,Unceasing, nature's way.Minute to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Casper, Wyoming.Current Author Address: Martin H. Ellbogen Jr., MD; e-mail: [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Losing Remembering” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Losing Remembering," by M.H. Ellbogen Jr. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 October 2014Volume 161, Issue 7Page: 536KeywordsEnzymes ePublished: 7 October 2014 Issue Published: 7 October 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Samuel Zoneraich
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The basic goals of a new edition are to enrich the text with recent advances and to reassess the information in previous editions. Since the publication of past editions of<i>Heart Disease</i>, some investigative methods have been replaced by newer techniques, and others have taken a secondary role. Braunwald and contributors evaluate even the most recent techniques and are aware of the latest trends. For example, following the first wave of enthusiasm, the usefulness of Doppler in aortic regurgitation is now questioned by those in the field. On the other hand, time-honored investigative methods such as bedside clinical evaluation and noninvasive techniques such as electrocardiography (ECG), chest x-ray films, phonocardiography, and echocardiography, complementing bedside evaluation, continue to serve as the basic approach to the clinical examination. The text includes 15 new chapters added or substituted, but the basic format with its five divisions remains unchanged. The art of taking a
Paradoxical response to nebulised salbutamol in wheezy infants.
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Paradoxical response to nebulised salbutamol in wheezy in- fants SIR, We were interested in the paper by Dr Anne Pren- diville and others (January 1987;42:86-91) showing a significant decline in maximum flow at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC') in wheezy infants after nebulised sal-
Editorial
Authors: Grace L. Guo, Huiping Zhou
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2015)

Bile acids have been traditionally viewed as detergent molecules involved in the solubilization and absorption of lipids and lipidsoluble vitamins from the intestines.However, as a result of intensive research over the past two decades, bile acids are now viewed as endocrine signaling molecules that activate specific nuclear receptors and G-protein coupled receptors regulating nutrient metabolism in the liver and intestines.The year 2015 marks the 20-year anniversary of the cloning and discovery of farnesoid X receptor (NR4H1; FXR).FXR is a main bile acid nuclear receptor and plays an essential role in the regulation of bile acids, lipids, glucose and drug metabolism, as well as inhibiting inflammation and suppressing carcinogenesis in the liver and intestine.Bile acids also activate pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, vitamin D receptor, G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5), and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) to regulate growth and functions of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and enterocytes.Moreover, bile acids also induce, via FXR, critical regulators of metabolism, inflammation and carcinogenesis in the liver and intestine, including small heterodimer partner (SHP) and fibroblast growth factor 15/19 (FGF15/19).
Alcoholic liver disease is associated with a poorer survival after radioembolisation for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Clemens Schotten, Amr El Fouly, Paul Peter Manka, Alexander Dechêne, Lars Peter Bechmann, Sonia Radunz, Maren Schulze, Ali Canbay, Jens Theysohn, Guido Gerken, Ken Herrmann, Heiner Wedemeyer, Jan Best
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Peanut allergy may resolve in some young children
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Early discharge after surgery for breast cancer may be beneficial Shorter hospital stays are a new trend in surgery.Bonnema et al (p 1267) studied the effects of early discharge from hospital after surgery for breast cancer in a randomised trial of 125 women.Satisfaction with the shorter stay was high, and the duration of drainage from the axilla and the incidence of wound complications did not differ in those who were discharged early and those who remained until their drain was removed.The experience of psychosocial problems was similar in the two groups, as were the coping strategies used.Women who had shorter hospital stays were more likely to discuss their illness with their family.
History of World Federation of Anesthesiologists
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal