tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Defense appears to have advantage over offense presently in biological warfare
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

AMONG THREATS associated with modern warfare is potential use of biological or chemical weapons. Nowhere is this more true today than in the Middle East. Desert Storm coalition troops are facing a foe with experience in using such weapons. Although the Patriot defensive missile has been effective in destroying a high percentage of the Scud-B missiles that Iraq has launched toward coalition forces or civilian populations, every launch brings concern that there may be a chemical warhead. There also has been some concern about use of the missiles for germ warfare. A research program at Fort Detrick, Md, about 70 km from Washington, DC, seeks to protect US military personnel against biological weapons in particular. It is essentially a defensive operation—that is, no offensive biological or chemical weapons have been developed there since 1970—with previously developed offensive weapons having been destroyed, says Ronald G. Williams, MD, the colonel who is
Physicians at AMA Amsterdam news seminar offer panoramic view of their varied roles in pandemic
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1992)

FROM 13 of the 133 countries that now have AIDS, physicians who care for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection gathered to share the facts of their successes and frustrations at the American Medical Association's all-day news media briefing in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participation by a wide variety of nations was invited. The speakers who were able to appear at the briefing, nominated by the health authorities of their countries as experts on HIV/AIDS, represented Brazil, Canada, China, France, Great Britain, Greece, Italy, Japan, Kenya, the Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, and the United States. A physician from Poland, who could not attend, sent a detailed report. Held immediately before the Eighth International Conference on AIDS under the title "Physicians Battling the AIDS Epidemic," the forum gave print and broadcast reporters a chance to hear the way the war is being waged around the world, as well
Ligand-Independent HER2/HER3/PI3K Complex Is Disrupted by Trastuzumab and Is Effectively Inhibited by the PI3K Inhibitor GDC-0941
Authors: Teemu T. Junttila, Robert W. Akita, Kathryn Parsons, Carter Fields, Gail D. Lewis Phillips, Lori S. Friedman, Deepak Sampath, Mark X. Sliwkowski
Journal: Cancer Cell (2011)
Pretibial edema and sodium retention during lithium carbonate treatment
Authors: R. Demers
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Pretibial edema was observed in nine consecutive manic-depressive patients who were ingesting therapeutic amounts of lithium, carbonate. The edema was slight to modest in amount, occurred during periods of high sodium intake, and was associated with sodium retention. In four of the nine cases it spontaneously disappeared, even though the high sodium intake and lithium carbonate treatment continued. The pathogenesis of the edema cannot be specified, since the measurements of renal, cardiovascular, and hepatic functions obtained during the period of edema were not abnormal. Although urinary excretion of aldosterone was not increased by treatment with lithium carbonate, spironolactone, a specific aldosterone inhibitor, temporarily eliminated the edema, indicating that the tubular reabsorption of sodium has some role in the edema formation.
Breast cancer risks in individuals testing negative for known family mutations in <i>BRCA1</i> or <i>BRCA2</i>
Authors: S. M. Domchek, M. M. Gaudet, J. E. Stopfer, Y. Kemel, J. Powers, L. Balistreri, J. Tigges-Cardwell, K. L. Nathanson, K. Offit, M. E. Robson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

11044 Background: Genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in individuals from families with known deleterious mutations can identify both those at high risk of disease and those who are not. Recent studies have raised concern that women who test negative for mutations previously identified in their families (“true negatives,” TN), may nonetheless have a higher incidence of breast cancer than women in the general population. To evaluate this question, we have examined a prospectively followed cohort of TN to assess their risk of breast cancer. Methods: The women included were first and second degree relatives of known BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, had undergone genetic testing and were negative for the known familial mutation, and were unaffected at the time of genetic testing. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SEER incidence rates from 1992–2005. Results: Among 375 TN women followed for a mean of 4.9 years (total 1,962 person-years), 2 invasive and 2 in situ breast cancers were diagnosed. Four invasive breast cancers were expected, whereas 2 were observed, for an age-adjusted SIR of 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.13–2.09). One case of in situ breast cancer was expected, whereas 2 were observed (SIR=2.30; 95% CI 0.57–9.19). There were no cases of ovarian cancer observed, whereas 0.4 cases were expected. Conclusions: In this prospective study of women who were unaffected at the time of genetic testing and who were negative for a known familial mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, no excess risk of invasive breast cancer was observed. Although we cannot exclude a modest increase in risk (RR&lt;2), our data suggest that such women should adhere to population based guidelines for breast cancer screening. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Proceedings of the Fifty-Eighth Annual Meeting of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, Inc., Held in Atlantic City, N.J., May 2, 1966: Abstracts
Authors: S Appel, W Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

A foreleg of each of 20 dogs was perfused with blood at a constant rate through the brachial artery.The nerves of the brachial plexus were transected, and an electrode was applied to their distal ends.Pressures were recorded simultaneously from the brachial artery and cephalic vein and from a small artery and small vein in the paw.Pressor responses to injections of nor- epinephrine (1, 2, and 4 /.tg) into the brachial artery and
Prevalence of hepatitis C in a gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. An active search for asymptomatic subjects
Authors: Laura Gomez-Escolar Viejo, María Salud Sánchez Reyes, Verónica Pascual Climent, Laura Llobregat Carrasco, Cristina Quilez Ivorra, Elisenda Martín Fernández, Isabel López Martín, Antonio Garcia Herola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Correction: ABC of 1 to 7
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Although they had already supported an investigation to compare an argon with a Nd-YAG laser to stop acute gastric bleeding (a trivial problem compared with the frequency of lung cancer), I was told by a sympathetic representative of the Department of Health and Social Security that it was official policy not to support clinical trials of lasers for treatmentthat was the province of the Medical Research Council,
THE CENTENNIAL MEETING OF THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accidental toddler drowning in 5-gallon buckets
Authors: M. I. Jumbelic
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We have identified a previously unrecognized source of accidental drowning in infants and toddlers: 5-gal (19-L) industrial buckets. Twelve cases of drownings in these large-capacity buckets constituted 24% of all infant and toddler (age &lt;3 years) drownings investigated by the Cook County (Illinois) Medical Examiner's Office from January 1985 to June 1989. The buckets, all with 5-gal and 18-kg capacity, are constructed of heavy, rigid plastic and are intended for industrial use. Home use, typically as mop buckets, was associated with the toddlers' death. The large size and heavy construction of these buckets as well as the toddlers' cephalad center of gravity and undeveloped coordination prohibit the toddlers from extricating themselves after peering into and falling inside the buckets. Parents and public health officials should be advised that domestic use of these containers poses a serious threat to the safety of curious toddlers. Adults should never leave toddlers unattended around even small amounts of water. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:1952-1953)
Cyclosporine withdrawal for nephrotoxicity in liver transplant recipients does not result in sustained improvement in kidney function and causes cellular and ductopenic rejection
Authors: W Sandborn
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Twelve consecutive liver transplant recipients with stable allograft function and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity were subjected to cyclosporine withdrawal in an attempt to halt and possibly reverse renal damage. Only patients who met the following criteria were included: (a) triple immunosuppression with cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone; (b) stable graft function for at least 1 yr without rejection; and (c) serum creatinine greater than 2.1 mg/dl or renal clearance less than 35 ml/min. Cyclosporine was reduced by 50 mg every 3 wk until discontinuation, prednisone was temporarily increased from 10 to 20 mg/day and azathioprine was maintained at 2 mg/kg/day. Sustained improvement in kidney function in the 12 patients was minimal, with the mean serum creatinine level decreasing from 2.5 ± 0.5 mg/dl (mean ± S.D.) at study entry to 2.4 ± 1.2 mg/dl after a mean follow-up of 18 ± 6 mo. In six patients, histologically confirmed cellular rejection developed after a mean of 5 ± 6 mo from the time that cyclosporine withdrawal was begun. Two of six patients with rejection responded to bolus steroid therapy and are in stable condition at this writing with low-dose cyclosporine (2.8 and 3.2 mg/kg/day). Two patients initially responded to bolus steroids but later exhibited ductopenic rejection; one responded to treatment with FK 506 and the other died of sepsis. The two remaining patients were steroid unresponsive. One responded to treatment with OKT3 and is now stable on low-dose cyclosporine (2.3 mg/kg/day), but in the other ductopenic rejection developed and the patient died of sepsis during rescue therapy with FK 506. By comparison, in none of 12 matched control patients did rejection develop during a similar follow-up period. We conclude that cyclosporine withdrawal for nephrotoxicity in liver transplant recipients does not result in sustained improvement in kidney function and causes a high incidence of cellular rejection, which can progress to ductopenic rejection or death from infection. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;19:925–932.)
THE PROBLEM OF RHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS: REVIEW OF AMERICAN AND ENGLISH LITERATURE FOR 1937: (Fifth Rheumatism Review)
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1939)

Article1 January 1939THE PROBLEM OF RHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS(Fifth Rheumatism Review)*PHILIP S. HENCH, M.D., F.A.C.P., WALTER BAUER, M.D., F.A.C.P., M. HENRY DAWSON, M.D., FRANCIS HALL, M.D. F.A.C.P., W. PAUL HOLBROOK, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. ALBERT KEY, M.D.PHILIP S. HENCH, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, WALTER BAUER, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, M. HENRY DAWSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANCIS HALL, M.D. F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, W. PAUL HOLBROOK, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. ALBERT KEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-12-7-1005 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn Two PartsCONTENTSPart IGeneral incidence of rheumatic diseasesDefinition of "rheumatism"Classification of diseases of joints and related structuresDiseases of joints related to traumaGonorrheal arthritis, gonorrheal "rheumatism"Sulfanilamide: its development and its use in gonorrheaTuberculous arthritisPneumococcal arthritisSyphilis of joints: Charcot jointsBrucellosis: undulant (Malta) feverTyphoidal arthritisMeningococcic arthritisSuppurative (purulent, septic) arthritisArticular diseases due to hemolytic streptococciArthritis of scarlet fever: post-scarlatinal rheumatismRheumatic feverSydenham's choreaChronic arthritis: the great typesAtrophic arthritisIncidence, course and pathologyLaboratory dataEtiology and pathogenesisTreatmentPart IGeneral Incidence of Rheumatic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: *This Fifth Rheumatism Review was prepared by the Editorial Committee (Dr. Hench, Chairman) of the American Rheumatism Association. The editorial comments express the opinion of the Editorial Committee, the authors of the Review, not that of the Association.Received for publication November 28, 1938. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBlood Sugar Level Following Intravenous Glucose in Rheumatoid ArthritisDiscussion on Gonococcal Arthritis and “Rheumatism”The Use of the Sulphonamide Group of Drugs in the Treatment of Tonsillitis due to the Beta-Haemolytic Streptococcus and in Acute Rheumatic FeverThe Treatment of Gonococcal Infections with Sulfanilamide, Sulfapyridine and Allied CompoundsRecent Researches on Arthritis and Rheumatism in the United States 1 January 1939Volume 12, Issue 7Page: 1005-1104KeywordsAmyotrophic lateral sclerosisBrucellosisEtiologyFeversGonorrheaPathogenesisResearch laboratoriesRheumatic feverScarlet feverSyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1939 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins: New insights on biological activities and cellular targets
Authors: Daniel S. Straus, Christopher K. Glass
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2001)

The cyclopentenone prostaglandins PGA2, PGA1, and PGJ2 are formed by dehydration within the cyclopentane ring of PGE2, PGE1, and PGD2. PGJ2 is metabolized further to yield Δ12-PGJ2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2). Various compounds within the cyclopentenone prostaglandin family possess potent anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and anti-viral activity. Most actions of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins do not appear to be mediated by binding to G-protein coupled prostanoid receptors. Rather, the bioactivity of these compounds results from their interaction with other cellular target proteins. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 is a high affinity ligand for the nuclear receptor PPARγ and modulates gene transcription by binding to this receptor. Other activities of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins are mediated by the reactive α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group located in the cyclopentenone ring. The transcription factor NF-κB and its activating kinase are key targets for the anti-inflammatory activity of 15d-PGJ2, which inhibits NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activation by PPARγ-dependent and independent molecular mechanisms. Other cyclopentenone prostaglandins, such as Δ7-PGA1 and Δ12-PGJ2, have strong anti-tumor activity. These compounds induce cell cycle arrest or apoptosis of tumor cells depending on the cell type and treatment conditions. We review here recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of action of the cyclopentenone prostaglandins and their possible use as therapeutic agents. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 3, 185–210, 2001
SAT0054 Significant decrease of t-cells but not macrophages in the synovium of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with tocilizumab
Authors: K. Chatzidionysiou, M. Engström, E. af Klint, A. Hensvold, A.I. Catrina
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Tocilizumab (TCZ) is an anti-IL6R monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). There is limited data on synovial tissue histology changes. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TCZ on synovial cell populations and on citrullination. <h3>Methods</h3> 15 patients with RA, according to <sup>ACR 1987</sup> criteria, independent of disease duration, were included. Synovial biopsies were obtained before and after 8 weeks of treatment. We evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression of citrullinated proteins (CP) and protein arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes in synovial tissue before and after treatment (1325:C03, 1325:B09, PAD2, PAD4). Negative controls were used for each antibody. Expression of CD68, CD3, CD20 and CD55 was also evaluated. Evaluation of all IHC variables was performed by two blinded independent observers using a semiquantitative score on a 0–3 scale (0, no staining; 1, low amounts of staining; 2, moderate amounts of staining; 3, high amounts of staining). Paired-wised Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to compare the median values. <h3>Results</h3> The median (IQR) age, disease duration, N. prior biologic DMARDs and DAS28 at baseline was 66,<sup>58–79</sup> 4 (1–13), 1 (0–2), 6 (5–7), respectively. 93% were female, 53% were RF +and 60% ACPA+, 53% had concomitant glucocorticoids and only 27% had concomitant conventional synthetic DMARDs. Significant reductions in DAS28, swollen and tender joint count (SJC and TJC, respectively), and acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP) were observed between baseline and 8 weeks (table 1). By IHC, TCZ induced significant decrease in the number of CD3, C03 and CD55, but not in the number of the other CP, PAD2, PAD4 and CD68 (table 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Treatment with tocilizumab reduced the number of synovial tissue T cells. This was observed in the responders but not in non-responders. Significant reduction in citrullination as assessed by expression of 1325:C03 but not 1325:B09. No significant reduction in macrophages was observed. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was funded by Roche. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Clinical Summaries
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Of the Ͼ1 million patients who suffer a myocardial infarction in the United States each year, one quarter to one third of survivors will die within 12 months, and a significant proportion will experience reinfarction or sudden death over the ensuing years.We evaluated the association of elevated air pollution with ST-segment depression in 48 patients followed up after hospitalization for myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome without infarction, or stable coronary artery disease without acute coronary syndrome.An interquartile increase in the previous 24-hour mean black carbon, a marker for traffic pollution, was associated with a 1.50-fold increased risk of ST-segment depression Ն0.1 mm (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.89) and a Ϫ0.031-mm (95% CI, Ϫ0.042 to Ϫ0.019) decrease in half-hour-averaged ST-segment level (continuous outcome).Effects were greatest within the first month after hospitalization and for patients with myocardial infarction during hospitalization or with diabetes.Our study suggests that the effects of air pollution on increased risk of ST-segment depression and ischemia or myocardial inflammation may be heightened in the immediate period after an acute coronary event.During this period, cardiac risk might be reduced by reduction in pollution exposure, including exposure to traffic.See p 1314.
"WHAT FASTING MEANS"
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Justin L Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
HEMORRHAGIC PLEURISY.
Authors: FRED. W. D. EVELYN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

A. B., age 45; miner: family and personal history good; no specific disease; moderately alcoholic; general nutrition good. Stated that two weeks ago he had felt a sharp pain in right side; did not last long; experienced no unpleasant sensations, no fever, he thought, although face was flushed. Saw a doctor, but was not examined. Just before presenting himself for examination at the clinic had been a little short of wind but no other trouble. Slight cough; no spit; appetite poor; bowels constipated; urine scanty and high colored. On admission face was flushed, slightly anxious; no dyspnea; tongue moist; white fur; lips, slight cyanosis at angles; temperature 100 degrees, respiration 32, pulse 80. Tension marked, regular. Physical examination: chest regular and uniform in outline; apex beat normal in position; no abnormal pulsations on chest wall; veins not varicose; movement free on left; retarded on right inframammary and lower axillary region;