tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular effects of anastrozole (A) and tamoxifen (T) alone and combined (C) in the IMPACT trial of neoadjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer
Authors: M. Dowsett, I. E. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

537 Background: Aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen are key agents for endocrine treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer (BrCa). Understanding of their molecular/biological effects in BrCa is needed for their rational application alone or in combination with novel therapeutics. Methods: 330 postmenopausal patients with invasive BrCa (>/=2cm) were randomised to 12wks neoadjuvant therapy with A, T or C in a placebo-controlled double-blind trial (IMPACT). Biopsies were available from a total of 292 patients pre-treatment and at 2 and 12 wks. Immunohistochemical (IC) studies were performed for Ki67, apoptosis (TUNEL), ER, PgR, EGFR (pre) and HER2 (pre). The growth index (GI: Ki67/apoptosis) was calculated. Plasma estradiol (E2) levels were measured. Results: The %age changes in the biomarkers from baseline are shown in the table. IC results for T and C were similar in all respects. The greater reductions in Ki67 in A vs T have been reported. There were greater reductions in GI for A vs T despite the decreases in apoptosis seen with A and profound differences between the treatments in their effect on PgR. After 2wks the reduction in PgR for A, and the increase in PgR for T were correlated with the fall in Ki67 (p=0.003 and 0.027, respectively). After 12wks there was a significantly lower reduction in Ki67 in HER2+ vs HER2- tumours (geo mean: 73% vs 48%) but no significant difference between the treatment groups. Conclusions: Changes in both Ki67 and GI parallel the greater reduction in relapse rate for A vs T and C in the ATAC adjuvant trial. This suggests short-term biomarker changes may predict for long-term outcome in the adjuvant setting but this needs confirmation. The decrease in apoptosis seen with A suggests that estrogen is not an important survival factor in BrCa cells. Early increases in PgR with T are not associated with a poor antiproliferative effect. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca Astrazeneca AstraZeneca
Reaction at old vaccination site
Authors: M. T. Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1965)

OCCASIONAL OCCURRENCE of a flare-up at the site of a previous smallpox vaccination scar is not as well known as it should be. Sommerfeld and Ehrengut<sup>1</sup>reported five cases of this phenomenon. One case of reactivation of a smallpox vaccination scar was recently seen, and, when other patients were queried about this type of reaction, another quickly came to light. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 56-year-old woman had had a smallpox vaccination as a child and gave a history of local reactions to insect bites. She was revaccinated on her left arm and developed a primary reaction. Seven and one-half months later she was bitten by insects on her right leg and left heel. These areas swelled, became red, and itched severely. Two days later she noted itching and redness over her recent smallpox vaccination scar and saw that ten vesicles had appeared at the vaccination site. Material
Erratum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

“Distribution of Smoking and Its Association With Lung Cancer: Implications for Studies on the Association of Fat With Cancer” by J. R. Hebert and G. C. Kabat [J Natl Cancer Inst 83:872-874, 1991 (Issue 12)]. The authors state that, due to a programming error, the data presented as lung cancer cases actually included bladder cancer cases as well. The corrected tables including only lung cancer cases and controls appear below.
ANALOGIES BETWEEN THE AQUEOUS HUMOR AND THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE OF RECURRENT MEASLES DURING CONVALESCENCE AND IN THE COURSE OF AN ATTACK OF SCARLET FEVER
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
迟发性皮肤卟啉病治疗后复发
Authors: H. Salameh, H. Sarairah, M. Rizwan, Y.-F. Kuo, K.E. Anderson, A.K. Singal
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

迟发性皮肤卟啉病 (PCT) 是一种引起皮疹和阳光敏感性的皮肤病。受这种疾病影响的患者可以通过取走他们的一些血液来进行治疗,或者使用一种同样用于预防和治疗疟疾(抗疟药)的药物来治疗。在这项研究中,作者比较了这些完全不同的治疗方法的疗效。他们包括了来自以往临床研究的患者的数据,这些患者接受了 PCT 治疗,并且在症状消失后至少监测了一年。他们的目的是通过皮疹、阳光敏感性或某一血液测试中的升高来评估 PCT 疾病复发(例如,症状恢复)。作者引用了来自临床研究的患者数据,其中在 5 项临床研究中患者接受了高剂量的抗疟药物治疗,5 项临床研究中患者接受了低剂量的抗疟药物治疗, 3 项临床研究中患者接受了部分血液移除治疗。在接受高剂量或低剂量抗疟药物治疗的患者中,有三分之一的患者出现了疾病复发的情况,但在接受血液清除治疗的患者中只有五分之一出现了这种疾病复发的情况。他们的研究表明,如果随访 100 例患者一年,那么 8 例高剂量抗疟药患者、17 例低剂量抗疟药患者和 5 例血液移除患者会复发。作者得出结论,如果 PCT 通过血液移除进行治疗,那么复发率最低。然而,需要更大的研究来更好地定义 PCT 在用两种治疗方法中的一种治疗后的复发率。
Classical and alternative pathway nuclear factor- B signalling differentially regulate gastric epithelial responses to helicobacter felis infection
Authors: M. D. Burkitt, A. Varro, J. H. Caamano, D. M. Pritchard
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Classical pathway NF-κB signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammation associated cancers, including colitis associated colon cancer and <i>Helicobacter</i> associated gastric cancer. However, the role of individual NF-κB family members and the function of alternative pathway NF-κB signalling have not previously been assessed in this context. We have therefore investigated whether abrogation of classical and alternative pathway NF-κB signalling altered murine responses to <i>Helicobacter felis</i> infection. <h3>Methods</h3> 6-week-old female NF-κB1 null (p50<sup>-/-</sup>), NF-κB2 null (p52<sup>-/-</sup>), c-Rel null and C57BL/6 mice were infected with <i>H. felis</i> by oral gavage and culled 6 weeks later. Tissues were processed for histological analysis and immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> <i>H. felis</i> infection of wild-type mice resulted in gastric atrophy (29% fewer parietal cells were observed in infected than in control mice (p &lt; 0.05, 1-way ANOVA and Holm Sidak post hoc test)), a 1.5-fold increase in the number of Ki67 positive proliferating cells and no significant change in the number of active caspase 3 positive apoptotic cells. Animals with abrogated classical pathway NF-κB signalling also developed gastric atrophy after <i>H. felis</i> infection. However, whereas infected c-Rel null animals showed similar parietal cell, proliferation and apoptotic indices to infected wild-type mice, p50<sup>-/-</sup> animals developed more severe pathology with significantly increased inflammation scores (p &lt; 0.05, Mann–Whitney U) and a more marked 62% reduction in parietal cell number (p &lt; 0.05, 1-way ANOVA). This was associated with significant 2.1-fold and 7.6-fold increases in the number of proliferating and apoptotic cells, respectively (p &lt; 0.05, 2-way ANOVA). By contrast, infected p52<sup>-/-</sup> mice showed much lower inflammation scores than wild-type mice (p &lt; 0.05, MWU) following <i>H. felis</i> infection and did not develop gastric atrophy, with only 3% parietal cell loss (p &lt; 0.05, 1-way ANOVA). In addition, these mice showed no significant changes in proliferation or apoptosis following infection with <i>H. felis</i>, and demonstrated similar proliferation and apoptotic indices to untreated wild-type mice. <h3>Conclusion</h3> NF-κB1 mediated signalling protects the gastric mucosa from <i>Helicobacter</i> induced atrophy, whereas alternative pathway NF-κB signalling is required for the development of both inflammation and atrophy following infection with this organism. This supports the hypothesis that classical and alternative pathway signalling differentially affect long-term outcomes, including carcinogenesis, following <i>H. felis</i> infection in C57BL/6 mice.
Urology
Authors: William J. Catalona
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Recent research results have produced new developments in the areas of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The American Cancer Society<sup>1</sup>and the American Urological Association<sup>2</sup>now recommend annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level testing and rectal examinations beginning at the age of 50 years for the early detection of prostate cancer, and beginning at the age of 40 years for high-risk men such as African Americans and those with a strong family history of prostate cancer. An upper age limit has not been set, but routine screening is not desirable in men with a life expectancy of less than 10 years. Annual examinations may be especially important in men who have had a vasectomy, who may have an increased risk of prostate cancer.<sup>3</sup>Serial PSA level measurements over an extended period identify men with prostate cancer years before the disease becomes clinically manifest,<sup>4</sup>and generally detect
In This Issue
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

A new way to activate mast cellsThe chronic inflammatory disorders atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are associated with increased numbers of cells expressing CD30, but the implications of this for disease have not yet been determined.As the number of mast cells in the inflamed skin of patients with AD and psoriasis is increased compared with the number in their healthy skin, and mast cells in the lymph nodes of individuals with Hodgkin lymphoma express CD30 ligand (CD30L), Fischer and colleagues analyzed human cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMCs) activated using a CD30-Fc fusion protein (pages 2748-2756).These activated CBMCs secreted increased amounts of several proinflammatory chemokines, including IL-8, in the absence of histamine release.Furthermore, CD30L stimulation induced mast cells in skin organ cultures of healthy donors to produce IL-8.This study provides insight into the mechanisms of mast cell activation in these chronic inflammatory diseases.Additionally, as mast cells were the predominant CD30L-expressing cell in the inflammed skin of individuals with AD and psoriasis, the authors suggest that the production of proinflammatory cytokines by mast cells activated through CD30L may support inflammatory cell recruitment and the chronic inflammatory disease state.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)

Effect of 1 or 2 Doses of Inclisiran on LDL-C Levels at 1 Year 1067Long-term efficacy of inclisiran, a small interfering RNA that reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with infrequent dosing, is unknown.In a prespecified analysis of a phase 2 randomized clinical trial, Ray and coauthors observed 501 patients with elevated LDL-C levels despite maximally tolerated statin therapy after 1 dose (200, 300, or 500 mg) or 2 doses (100, 200, or 300 mg on days 1 and 90) of inclisiran vs placebo.There was a significant reduction in LDL-C levels at 1 year of 29.5% to 38.7% after 1 dose and of 29.9% to 46.4% after 2 doses.In an Invited Commentary, Leening discusses the potential and challenges related to introduction of long-acting injectable LDL-C-lowering drugs.
Chronic Sinusitis
Authors: Leslie J. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To develop a technique for evaluating the severity of chronic sinus disease and to examine the correlation with allergy, asthma, and eosinophilia. <h3>Design.</h3> —A survey of 104 patients undergoing surgery for chronic sinusitis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —A university hospital ear, nose, and throat clinic. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A referral population of adult patients being scheduled for endoscopic sinus surgery was eligible; 104 completed questionnaires and agreed to participate. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Computed tomographic scans were reviewed and scored for extent of disease. Serum samples were assayed for total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to common inhalant allergens. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed for total eosinophil count. Surgical biopsy specimens were examined for eosinophilia and cultured for bacteria and fungi. <h3>Results.</h3> —Extensive disease was present in 39% of subjects and correlated well with asthma, specific IgE antibodies, and eosinophilia, but not with elevated total IgE. Among patients with peripheral eosinophilia, 87% had extensive disease. All cultures grew aerobic bacteria; anaerobes and fungi were uncommon. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —We present a system for quantitation of disease extent using computed tomographic scans of patients with chronic sinusitis. The well-accepted associations of chronic sinusitis with asthma and allergy appear to be restricted to the group with extensive disease. The presence of peripheral eosinophilia in patients with sinusitis indicates a high likelihood of extensive disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:363-367)
<i>The Science of Penology; The defence of Society against Crime</i>. Collated and systematized by Henry M. Boies, member of the Board of Public Charities and of the Committee of Lunacy of the State of Pennsylvania, author of Prisoners and Paupers. (G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York and London. The Knickerbocker Press, 1901.)
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1901)
Local immunotherapy
Authors: H.‐J. Malling, J. Abreu‐Nogueira, E. Alvarez‐Cuesta, B. Björkstén, J. Bousquet, D. Caillot, G. W. Canonica, G. Passalacqua, P. Saxonis‐Papageorgiou, E. Valovirta
Journal: Allergy (1998)
"TETANY FOLLOWING FORCED RESPIRATION IN MAN"
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemophilia-Reply
Authors: Cynthia Stoltze Hardison
Journal: JAMA (1962)

If Dr. Gambino will reread the answer to the question about preoperative detection of bleeders, I believe he will find that we are in agreement. It should be clear from my comments that: The history is the single most important factor in detecting a potential bleeder. Screening tests in a patient with a personal or family history of bleeding are helpful in defining the abnormality, if positive, but the possibility of a bleeding diathesis, if negative, should not be eliminated. No one will argue about the insensitivity and unreliability of bleeding and coagulation times. The one "routine" investigation of a preoperative patient should be a careful history. The screening tests suggested are helpful as a starting point for the investigation of a patient who gives a personal or family history of abnormal bleeding.
Developmental Effects of Dioxins
Authors: Linda S. Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The potent developmental toxicity of dioxin in multiple species has been known for a number of years.However, recent studies have indicated that dioxin also induces functional developmental defects, many of which are delayed.Subtle structural deficits, not detectable at birth, have also been described in multiple species and in both sexes.Certain defects have been reported not only in animals but also in children prenatally exposed to complex mixtures containing dioxinlike compounds.None of the effects can be attributed to modulation of any one endocrine system.For example, dioxin does not bind to the estrogen receptor, but it can cause effects that are both estrogenic and antiestrogenic.However, viewing dioxin and related compounds as endocrine disruptors that may alter multiple pathways sheds some light on the complexities of this potent class of growth dysregulators.
PSRO: a primer
Authors: M. G. Dale
Journal: JAMA (1974)

PROFESSIONAL Standards Review Organization (PSRO) was primarily the result of Sen Wallace Bennett's (R-Utah) determining that utilization review programs sponsored by some foundations for medical care were successful in minimizing average length of hospital stay without compromising the quality of medical care and that the already high cost of the Medicare, Medicaid, and Maternal and Child Health Programs would continue to escalate at an increasing rate in the future unless an effective control mechanism was established. <h3>Foundations for Medical Care</h3> In 1954, Kaiser-Permanente, one of the nation's largest health maintenance organizations, was asked by a large union to expand its operation into Stockton, Calif. As officials of Kaiser began investigating the possibility of such an action, members of the San Joaquin County (Stockton, Calif) Medical Society organized the Foundation for Medical Care of San Joaquin County, the first foundation for medical care in the country. Under
The disgraceful neglect of childhood pneumonia
Authors: None The Lancet Global Health
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2018)

This week WHO held its first ever Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health and published an associated report, Prescribing clean air, which summarised the "uniquely damaging" effects of breathing polluted air on the health of children. The evidence in this age group is compelling: some of the stark headline figures include the fact that 93% of children younger than 5 years globally live in environments where levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceed the WHO guidelines and that air pollution, both ambient and household, contributed to more than half a million deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years in 2016.
Human Liver Tumors in Relation to Steroidal Usage
Authors: G. H. Barrows, W. M. Christopherson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Since 1973 a number of investigators have reported an association between liver neoplasia and steroid usage. Through referral material we have examined the histology of over 250 cases of hepatic neoplasia, most in patients receiving steroid medications. The majority have been benign, predominantly focal nodular hyperplasia (55%) and hepatocellular adenoma (39%). The average age was 31.4 years; 83% had significant steroid exposure with an average duration of 71 months for focal nodular hyperplasia and 79.6 months for hepatocellular adenoma. The type of estrogenic agent was predominantly mestranol; however, during the period mestranol was the most frequently used synthetic steroid. A distinct clinical entity of life threatening hemorrhage from the lesion occurred in 31% of patients with hepatocellular adenoma and 9% of patients with focal nodular hyperplasia. Recurrence of benign tumors has occurred in some patients who continued using steroids and regression has been observed in patients who had incomplete tumor removal but discontinued steroid medication. Medial and intimal vascular changes have been present in a large number of the benign tumors. The relationship of these vascular changes to oncogenesis is unclear, but similar lesions have been described in the peripheral vasculature associated with steroid administration. A number of hepatocellular carcinomas have also been seen. Of significance is the young age of these patients and lack of abnormal histology in adjacent nonneoplastic liver. A striking number of the malignant hepatocellular tumors have been of the uncommon type described as "eosinophilic hepatocellular carcinoma with lamellar fibrosis." The epidemiology of liver lesions within this series is difficult to assess, since the material has been referred from very diverse locations.
Montelukast and inhaled budesonide in mild to moderate asthma
Authors: A Nomura, Y Morishita, T Iijima, Y Ishii, H Satoh, T Sakamoto, Y Uchida, T Homma, M Ohtsuka, K Sekizawa, M-S Jalba, G Filiz, R Ali
Journal: Thorax (2003)
FOODS IN DIABETES
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal