tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiographic diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum
Authors: S. M. Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A 49-year-old 285-lb man with a three-year history of gouty arthritis showed multiple nonopaque renal calculi in the kidney and inferior calyx on the right. The largest stone, 3 × 2 cm, was present in the pelvis. These were documented by x-ray film in May 1966. Diet restriction, increased fluid intake, administration of allopurinol and colchicine, and an attempt at urinary alkalinization were begun in October. Three months later, the patient was markedly improved. Serum uric acid determinations, which previously had been elevated to 7 to 8 mg/100 cc, were normal. Despite attempts to achieve a sustained urinary alkalinization, this was unsuccessful. A pyelogram in January 1967, showed no stones in the right side of the pelvis but small calculi in the inferior calices. In October 1967, the intravenous pyelogram was normal. The patient remained asymptomatic. At no time was there any suggestion of passage of calculi.
Prevention of obesity in mice by antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors of stearoyl-CoA desaturase–1
Authors: Guoqiang Jiang, Zhihua Li, Franklin Liu, Kenneth Ellsworth, Qing Dallas-Yang, Margaret Wu, John Ronan, Christine Esau, Cain Murphy, Deborah Szalkowski, Raynald Bergeron, Thomas Doebber, Bei B. Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Effective therapies for the treatment of obesity, a key element of metabolic syndrome, are urgently needed but currently lacking. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase–1 (SCD1) is the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the conversion of saturated long-chain fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, which are major components of triglycerides. In the current study, we tested the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 in controlling lipogenesis and body weight in mice. SCD1-specific antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors (ASOs) reduced SCD1 expression, reduced fatty acid synthesis and secretion, and increased fatty acid oxidization in primary mouse hepatocytes. Treatment of mice with SCD1 ASOs resulted in prevention of diet-induced obesity with concomitant reductions in SCD1 expression and the ratio of oleate to stearoyl-CoA in tissues and plasma. These changes correlated with reduced body adiposity, hepatomegaly and steatosis, and postprandial plasma insulin and glucose levels. Furthermore, SCD1 ASOs reduced de novo fatty acid synthesis, decreased expression of lipogenic genes, and increased expression of genes promoting energy expenditure in liver and adipose tissues. Thus, SCD1 inhibition represents a new target for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
Complications associated with the wearing of contact lenses
Authors: J. M. Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Ophthalmologists in a national survey reported case histories of 14 eyes lost or blinded in patients wearing contact lenses. All of the eye losses were due to infections, four of which were by fungi. There were 157 other eyes permanently damaged and 7,607 with reversible changes. These physiologic and pathologic eye changes indicated the medical problems of diagnosis, treatment, and routine follow-up of these patients.
The Neuroendocrine System, an Opportunity for Immunotoxicologists
Authors: Carroll A. Snyder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

The interrelationship between the neuroendocrine and immune systems was first recognized over 50 years ago. Subsequent investigations have shown that gene products produced by the neuroendocrine system affect the activities of immunologically competent cells. More recent data show that cells of the two systems possess receptors that are identical. Because of these strong interrelationships, it is postulated that compounds that affect the neuroendocrine system will also affect the immune system. It follows that the readily accessible cells of the immune system can be used as surrogates for the less accessible cells of the neuroendocrine system. Moreover, the assays typically used by immunotoxicologists could provide quantitative information regarding dose response, persistence of effects, and surveillance of the extent of exposure for compounds known to be neurotoxicants. Thus, much useful information could be acquired by applying the technique of immunotoxicology to the study of neurotoxicants.
Aerosols and aerosol propellants in asthma
Authors: Millard Bass
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The inspired mixture of fluorocarbon may contribute to a hypoxic state in the experimental animal not only by an impediment to diffusion of oxygen through the dense inert gaseous medium prevailing in the airway but also by altering the ventilation perfusion relationships. Chouteau and co-workers<sup>1,2</sup>in France have observed the "hypoxic crisis" in goats exposed to argon, nitrogen, and helium in a diving chamber with simulated depths up to 3,000 feet. Some of the animals exhibited a phenomenon of sudden collapse associated with abnormal neurological activity even though in each instance the oxygen tension (Po<sub>2</sub>) was maintained at the equivalent level of air at the surface. When untoward neurologic signs did occur, raising the inspired Po<sub>2</sub>led to a reversal of the neurologic deficit and the animals then behaved normally to inspection. Concerning the potential danger of pressurized aerosol spray, the victim of an
Society Proceedings
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dyspareunia
Authors: V. B. Green-Armytage
Journal: BMJ (1954)

tained in hospitalized patients (88%) and out-patients (83%) in six months.This observation is against the great importance which especially the psychosomatics attach to confinement to bed as an important sedative treatment in chronic peptic ulcer.The permanent results-by far the most important point in esti- mating the efficiency of an ulcer treatment-are much better than could be expected: 41% of 400 patients were free from symp- toms; these were cases of severe chronic ulcer, and the percen- tage is considerably higher than in the usual ulcer statistics.The freedom from symptoms applies to a great extent to the patients with the longest period of observation (10-16 years in 79 patients), where 31.6% were found to be free from symptoms, a lasting result which is far better than the usual one in medical treatment of gastric ulcer.Practically similar results have been obtained by English authors, H. Avery5 and F. Croxon Deller6; the latter con- cluded from his investigations that ' bismuth subcarbonate takes pride of place in the modern treatment of ulcerative conditions of the stomach and duodenum-it is a most valued therapeutic weapon."-I am, etc., Hellertip, Denmark.
Leads from the MMWR
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethnic Differences in Cancer Incidence: A Marker for Inherited Susceptibility?
Authors: Frank D. Gilliland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Cancer incidence varies markedly by ethnicity and geographic location.Ethnic variation in cancer occurrence has traditionally been ascribed to differences in social, cultural, economic, and physical environments.However, this interpretation of the epidemiologic evidence may need to be revised as a result of new biological evidence and theories of carcinogenesis.Carcinogenesis is now recognized to be a multistep process during which mutations or heritable changes in expression occur in genes involved in cellular growth control and genome stability.Inherited cancer susceptibility may be a stronger determinant of ethnic differences in cancer incidence than is currently appreciated.To examine the potential role of inherited susceptibility, the theoretical contribution of inherited susceptibility to ethnic differences in rates is considered using a simple probability model.Germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and p53 are used to illustrate the magnitude of the ethnic differences for breast cancer that might arise from differences in inherited susceptibility.Our simple model suggests that ethnic differences in cancer occurrence can result from differences in genetic susceptibility.However, the magnitude of ethnic relative risk is likely to more strongly reflect differences in the distribution of susceptibility genotypes between groups than the magnitude of the disease risk associated with the genotypes.For many scenarios, the ethnic relative risk arising from differences in susceptibility may be bounded by the ratio of the proportion of susceptible individuals in each group.
INSULIN IN THE BLOOD
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Warts. Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: B. B. Sanders
Journal: JAMA (1976)

WARTS are common skin tumors caused by a papovavirus,<sup>1</sup>which occur in approximately 7% to 10% of the population.<sup>2</sup>The highest frequency is in the early teens; however, warts may occur at any age. Proper management of warts in office practice depends on three basic principles: (1) Correct diagnosis, (2) natural history, and (3) familiarity with different treatments. Although most warts are easily recognized, occasionally more serious conditions, such as squamous cell carcinomas and deep fungal infections, can be mistaken for the common wart. They are benign lesions (with the possible rare exception of a giant condyloma acuminatum<sup>3</sup>), and most will eventually resolve spontaneously. A therapy may be well suited for one particular clinical type of wart, and yet be ineffective or inferior to other modalities in the treatment of other types of warts. This discussion is concerned first with the multiplicity of forms the wart may
Control and prevention of tuberculosis: a code of practice.
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The Joint Tuberculosis Committee has compiled a report that is designed to answer the questions most commonly asked about the control and prevention of tuberculosis. Advice is given on assessing the degree of infectivity and on the segregation of patients. The measures necessary to protect National Health Service workers depend on the risk of exposure, and health authorities should follow the advice given by the Department of Health and Social Security. Chest x ray examinations may be recommended for those entering the teaching profession and may be necessary for staff and children when tuberculosis is discovered in a school child. The diagnostic, protective, and therapeutic measures required for contacts depend on the degree of infectivity in the index case, the closeness of contact, and the ethnic group of the index case. The incidence of tuberculosis is much higher among some immigrant populations than among the native population and screening programmes are needed (a) to detect cases of active tuberculosis, (b) to identify infected individuals without active disease, and (c) to identify those in need of vaccination. Finally, the current recommendation that BCG vaccinations should be offered routinely in schools to children aged 10-14 has been highly effective in preventing tuberculosis and should be maintained.
Sociodemographic characteristics of cigarette smoking initiation in the United States. Implications for smoking prevention policy
Authors: L. G. Escobedo
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Cigarette smoking initiation greatly influences smoking prevalence in the United States. To understand better the initiation of cigarette smoking, we estimated the age-specific incidence of cigarette smoking initiation in relation to race/ethnicity, sex, and educational attainment, using the reported age at smoking onset for 18- to 35-year-old respondents in the 1987 National Health Interview Survey (N = 14 764) and the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 3123) conducted during 1982 to 1984. Among white, black, and Hispanic respondents the incidence of smoking initiation increased rapidly after 11 years of age, reaching a peak in groups 17 to 19 years of age, rapidly declining in groups through age 25 years, and gradually declining thereafter. Age-specific smoking initiation rates were generally lower among black than white respondents, similar between white and Hispanic respondents, and appreciably higher among black and Hispanic men than women. Compared with persons who graduated from high school, persons with less than high school education were consistently more likely to start smoking cigarettes during childhood and adolescence. These data indicate that age and educational attainment are the factors most consistently associated with cigarette smoking initiation among all race/ethnic groups in the United States. These data also emphasize the need for smoking-prevention education beginning at an early age, particularly among persons of low socioeconomic status. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1550-1555)
Clinical Summaries
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Relevance for Perinatal Supraventricular TachycardiasAtrioventricular reentrant tachycardias presenting in fetal or neonatal life can be life-threatening but also tend to resolve in the majority of patients in the first year of life.The origin of accessory pathwaymediated tachycardias in the perinatal period has not been elucidated.In early embryonic development, the atrial and ventricular myocardia are continuous in the primitive atrioventricular canal.The atrioventricular conduction axis will then develop, which coincides with separation of the atrial and ventricular myocardium by formation of the annulus fibrosus.Annulus fibrosus development involves several processes in which the endocardial atrioventricular cushions that line the luminal side of the primitive atrioventricular canal, together with the inward migration of the epicardially located atrioventricular sulcus tissue, have an important role.In postseptated human hearts, we demonstrated the presence of numerous accessory atrioventricular myocardial connections around both the mitral and tricuspid annulus during normal cardiac development.At the end of the second trimester, the connections gradually decreased in number and size and were located primarily around the tricuspid annulus.The persistence of fetal atrioventricular connections may serve as substrate for atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia in the fetus and newborn.The self-limiting character of most of these tachycardias could be explained by loss of the substrate due to the ongoing development of the annulus fibrosus, a process not completely finished by the time of birth.See p 2850.
Selected New Books Some books listed will receive detailed reviews later
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
William Carlos Williams. A writing physician
Authors: R. Coles
Journal: JAMA (1981)

"I'M a doctor all day and into the night; I write on the run, or when it's plenty dark, before going to bed." That autobiographical fragment was sent to an inquiring Harvard undergraduate who wanted to make a clearer distinction between a particular person's vocation and avocation than the student was disposed to allow. I happened to be the lucky recipient of the message. I was writing a major paper on the American poet (and novelist, and writer of short stories, and essayist, and playwright) William Carlos Williams and felt emboldened to ask a few questions of him. He was more than forthright; he answered in strong, wry, bemused language. And he offered a bonus: If I ever wanted to accompany him on his medical rounds, I would be welcome. I quickly accepted and soon enough found myself utterly captivated by this brilliant, energetic, many-sided man from Rutherford, NJ, who
How (not) to improve a health service
Authors: None The Lancet
Journal: The Lancet (2001)

The Commission for Health Improvement (CHI), also briefly known as CHImp, set out with high ideals on April 1, 2000, to improve the quality of patient care in the National Health Service across England and Wales. The Labour government's Health Act 1999, stated that "CHI will assure, monitor and improve the quality of patient care by undertaking clinical governance reviews. CHI will visit every NHS trust and health authority, which includes primary care groups, local health groups and general practices, in England and Wales on a rolling programme every four years." CHI can also be directed to carry out ad hoc urgent investigations for the health secretary.
Tetracycline and Congenital Limb Abnormalities
Authors: F. Wilson, M. P. Carter
Journal: BMJ (1962)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Synovial fluid is composed of hyaluronan and proteoglycan-4 (PRG4 or lubricin), which work synergistically to maintain joint lubrication. In diseases like osteoarthritis, hyaluronan and PRG4 concentrations can be altered, resulting in lowered synovial fluid viscosity, and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations within the synovial fluid increase. Synovial fibroblasts within the synovium are responsible for contributing to synovial fluid and can be targeted to improve endogenous production of hyaluronan and PRG4 and to alter the cytokine profile. We cyclically loaded SW982 synoviocytes to 0%, 5%, 10%, or 20% strain for three hours at 1 Hz. To assess the impact of substrate stiffness, we compared the 0% strain group to cells grown on tissue culture plastic. We measured the expression of hyaluronan turnover genes, hyaluronan localization within the cell layer, hyaluronan concentration, PRG4 concentration, and the cytokine profile within the media. Our results show that the addition of cyclic loading increased <i>HAS3</i> expression, but not in a magnitude-dependent response. Hyaluronidase expression was impacted by strain magnitude, which is exemplified by the decrease in hyaluronan concentration due to cyclic loading. We also show that PRG4 concentration is increased at 5% strain, while higher strain magnitude decreases overall PRG4 concentration. Finally, 10% and 20% strain show a distinct, more pro-inflammatory cytokine profile when compared to the unloaded group. Multivariate analysis showed distinct separation between certain strain groups in being able to predict strain group, hyaluronan concentration, and PRG4 concentration from gene expression or cytokine concentration data, highlighting the complexity of the system. Overall, this study shows that cyclic loading can be used tool to modulate the endogenous production of hyaluronan, PRG4, and cytokines from synovial fibroblasts.