tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diet and Intestinal Bacteria
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Risks Associated with Halogenated Olefins
Authors: Peter F. Infante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Recent experimental evidence indicates that structural analogs of vinyl chloride namely, vinylidene chloride and trichloroethylene, are mutagenic. Carcinogenic response also has been observed in experimental animals following exposure to vinylidene chloride, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene. More recent observations demonstrate low-level vinyl chloride-induced mammary carcinoma. An additional chlorinated olefin, chloroprene, has demonstrated a mutagenic response in several test systems. Likewise, several studies have indicated significant excesses of chromosomal aberrations as well as adverse effects on reproductive function following male exposure to chloroprene. Although reports have indicated an increased incidence of lung and skin cancer among workers occupationally exposed to chloroprene, adequately designed studies have not been carried out which would allow the development of valid inferences regarding its carcinogenicity. The question facing the scientific community and society is whether observations in subhuman species are adequate to institute prudent public health practice by controlling these agents as carcinogens or mutagens or whether, once again, epidemiologic enumeration of the toll will be required.
EXPERIMENTAL LESIONS OF NERVE-CELLS.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac Effect of Prolonged β-Blocker Therapy for Migraine
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Assessment of microchimerism in rat liver transplantation by polymerase chain reaction
Authors: H Tashiro, Y Fukuda, A Kimura, S Hoshino, H Ito, K Dohi
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Mixed chimerism has been demonstrated in organ transplant recipients surviving over a long period. However, little is known about the fate and movements of donor cells following liver transplantation. In this study, using rat male-to-female liver transplantation, we assessed microchimerism by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A PCR specific for the Y-chromosome (sex-determining region Y [Sry]) allowed the distinction of small amounts of male cells in a large excess of female cells. Nonimmunosuppressed Lewis recipients of Lewis liver grafts survived &gt; 60 days, and donor cells were detected in peripheral blood up to day 60 in four of six recipients. All immunosuppressed Lewis recipients survived for 60 days, and the donor cells were detected up to day 60. Semiquantitative PCR demonstrated that in immunosuppressed Lewis recipients surviving &gt; 60 days with no acute rejection episode, the donor-to-recipient cell ratio remained &gt; 1:1,000. In nonimmunosuppressed Lewis recipients of ACI liver allografts, donor cells in peripheral blood decreased rapidly by day 7. In immunosuppressed Lewis recipients of ACI liver allografts, donor cells were detected for longer periods, in proportion to the amount and duration of FK506 (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Osaka, Japan) administered. However, in recipients with deteriorating function due to ongoing rejection, small amounts (0.01 percent) of donor cells were detected. Our results indicate that the Sry-specific PCR is useful for assessing microchimerism following rat liver transplantation, and demonstrate correlation between microchimerism and graft outcome; high- level microchimerism (&gt;0.l percent) correlated well with graft acceptance, whereas low-level microchimerism (&lt;0.01 percent) did not.
Resolving Intertracer Inconsistencies in Soil Ingestion Estimation
Authors: Edward J. Calabrese, Edward J. Stanek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

In this article we explore sources and magnitude of positive and negative error in soil ingestion estimates for children on a subject-week and trace element basis. Errors varied among trace elements. Yttrium and zirconium displayed predominantly negative error; titanium and vanadium usually displayed positive error. These factors lead to underestimation of soil ingestion estimates by yttrium and zirconium and a large overestimation by vanadium. The most reliable tracers for soil ingestion estimates were aluminum, silicon, and yttrium. However, the most reliable trace element for a specific subject-day (or week) would be the element with the least error during that time period. The present analysis replaces our previous recommendations that zirconium and titanium are the most reliable trace elements in estimating soil ingestion by children. This report identifies limitations in applying the biostatistical model based on data for adults to data for children. The adult-based model used data less susceptible to negative bias and more susceptible to source error (positive bias) for titanium and vanadium than the data for children. These factors contributed significantly to inconsistencies in model predictions of soil ingestion rates for children. Correction for error at the subject-day level provides a foundation for generation of subject-specific daily soil ingestion distributions and for linking behavior to soil ingestion.
Highlights
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate for Hyperkalemia 2223Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate selectively binds potassium in the intestine.In a randomized clinical trial that enrolled 258 ambulatory patients with hyperkalemia, Kosiborod and colleagues found that compared with placebo, zirconium cyclosilicate (5 g, 10 g, or 15 g daily for 28 days) resulted in lower serum potassium levels and a higher proportion of patients who were normokalemic at study day 29.In an Editorial, Dixon discusses treatment of hyperkalemia.Editorial 2217 CAD Screening in Patients With Diabetes 2234In a randomized trial that enrolled 900 patients with diabetes and no symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD), Muhlestein and colleagues found that compared with guideline-based optimal diabetes care, CAD screening using coronary computed tomographic angiography did not reduce the rate of a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unstable angina requiring hospitalization during a mean 4 years' follow-up.In an Editorial, Gibbons discusses benefits of optimal medical therapy for cardiac risk reduction in patients with diabetes.
Rapid death associated with laetrile ingestion
Authors: L. Sadoff
Journal: JAMA (1978)

LAETRILE, a federally banned, underground drug, has been used for the prevention and treatment of cancer since 1952. Recently several state legislatures have passed bills legalizing its use. This will undoubtedly lead to more widespread use of this controversial agent, despite the lack of adequate toxicity and safety data. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> In January 1976, a 17-year-old girl with mild asymptomatic pulmonary stenosis had a radical excision of a right frontal astrocytoma. At the time of surgery, she weighed 53 kg. A chest roentgenogram showed slight prominence of the pulmonary outflow tract. Results of a complete blood cell count and urinalysis were normal. The neurosurgeon believed that complete removal of the tumor was accomplished. Postoperatively, she was offered a course of radiotherapy, but she refused. She was seen in consultation by two cancer centers in the Los Angeles area. Both consultants concurred with the use of post-operative radiation, but
Correction: Incorporating a Rapid-Impact Package for Neglected Tropical Diseases with Programs for HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria
Authors: Peter J Hotez, David H Molyneux, Alan Fenwick, Eric Ottesen, Sonia Ehrlich Sachs, Jeffrey D Sachs
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

that 192,000 people died in China in 2001 as a consequence of fake drugs
Intermittent hydronephrosis as a cause of abdominal pain
Authors: R. B. Bourne
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE PAIN of intermittent hydronephrosis, also known as Dietl's crisis, may mimic almost any intra-abdominal disease, and it is not unusual for these patients to have undergone appendectomy, cholecystectomy, or exploratory celiotomy before the true etiology of their pain is discovered. The fact that some kidneys are more mobile than others has been known for centuries. Abdominal or flank pain, often associated with nausea and vomiting, was occasionally seen in these patients with ptotic kidneys, but it was Dietl's masterly written description of the syndrome, in 1864, that gave it its name. While some physicians felt that the ptotic kidney was a benign condition, others were equally convinced it could precipitate severe pain. That the latter was a popular view is attested to by the large number of nephropexies done at the turn of the century and for several years thereafter. As recently as 1930, the literature has been replete
Dizygotic twin sisters with myelokathexis: Mechanism of its neutropenia
Authors: Shoichiro Taniuchi, Akemi Yamamoto, Toru Fujiwara, Masafumi Hasui, Shoji Tsuji, Yohnosuke Kobayashi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Dizygotic twin sisters were first found to have neutropenia at 1 year of age when evaluated for recurrent pulmonary infections. Since then they have remained neutropenic (0.05∼0.5 × 109/l). Despite of their neutropenia, myeloid hyperplasia was evident on a marrow smear examination, and a number of cells were hypersegmented with fine interlobular bridging with chromatin strands and cytoplasmic vacuolation. Electron microscopy showed apoptotic cells with condensed nuclei and apoptotic bodies in the cytoplasm. Although life span, hydrogen peroxide production, phagocytosis, spreading, and chemotaxis of peripheral neutrophils were normal, the survival of bone marrow neutrophils in both infants was markedly decreased when compared with that of normal bone marrow neutrophils. During the bone marrow culture apoptotic neutrophils were observed at an earlier stage in both patients than in normal controls, biochemically and morphologically. Morphology of bone marrow neutrophils in both patients resembled that of cultured control bone marrow neutrophils. Peripheral neutropenia and appearance of characteristic neutrophils in the bone marrow in myelokathexis are considered to be an expression of apoptosis of bone marrow neutrophils. Am. J. Hematol. 62:106–111, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Adolescent medicine
Authors: I. F. Litt
Journal: JAMA (1991)

As the decade of the 1980s ends, it is timely to reflect on the health status of the adolescent and on the field of medicine devoted to its improvement, adolescent medicine. In 1990, adolescent medicine moved closer to becoming a subspecialty of pediatrics and internal medicine, pending the vote of the executive board of the American Board of Medical Specialties. With subboard status will come a longer (3-year) and more structured fellowship requirement and board examinations, both of which should improve the quality of research and the training of future pediatricians and internists in the United States. The past year saw an increase in cases of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents. Syphilis increased in incidence, as did infections with the human immunodeficiency virus, but the major impact of adolescent infection with this virus will not be fully appreciated until adulthood, because of the long incubation period for the acquired immunodeficiency
ACC/AHA 2008 Performance Measures for Adults With ST-Elevation and Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Brian L. Bachelder, Francis M. Fesmire, Stephan D. Fihn, JoAnne M. Foody, P. Michael Ho, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Frederick A. Masoudi, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Recused from voting on measures 4 and T-9.†American
Highlights
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2019)

Successful Stroke Interventions in Minority Populations 20Despite effective secondary stroke prevention, recurrent stroke remains disproportionally high in certain racial/ethnic minority populations.In a randomized clinical trial, Boden-Albala and coauthors tested the efficacy of a culturally tailored, skills-based educational intervention compared with standard discharge care in a multiethnic cohort of 552 patients (281 women [50.9%]; mean [SD] age, 64.6 [2.9] years) with mild/moderate stroke or transient ischemic attack.At 1-year follow-up, there was a reduction in the intervention arm compared with usual care.In secondary analyses, Hispanic participants experienced a clinically and statistically significant greater mean systolic blood pressure reduction.Skillsbased strategies may be an alternative to achieve sustained vascular risk reduction and address racial/ethnic stroke disparities.Editorial perspective is provided by Kim and Thrift.
THE POLICY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF LONDON IN RELATION TO LONDON MEDICAL EDUCATION AND MEDICAL SCIENCE
Authors: W. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1907)

i Iri the eylinder walls may not expand equally, or, again, it is possible that the cylinder having attachments to its water jacket, and so, not being uniform on all sides, may, in expanding beyond its usual point, go out of shape, and thus temporarily destroy the fit of the piston.The only remedy for a heated engine is to wait until it cools; it is not safe to empty out the water, and replace it with cold water, as the cylinder might be cracked by sudden, and perhaps unequal, contraction.(d) An Ill-Proportioned Mixture.
HCV therapeutics: New agents
Authors: Edward Gane, Catherine Stedman, Robert Hyland, Xiao Ding, Evguenia Svarovskaia, Phil Pang, William Symonds, Udayan Chatterji, Kelly Wong, Weidong Zhong, Clifford Brass, Nikolai Naoumov, Philippe Gallay
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Background: In previous Phase 2 studies, the addition of an NS5A inhibitor (either ledipasvir (LDV) or daclatasvir) to the combination of the HCV nucleotide analog sofosbuvir (SOF) plus ribavirin (RBV) for 12 weeks resulted in high rates of sustained viral response (SVR) in non-cirrhotic patients infected with HCV genotype 1 (GT-1).In the ELECTRON Phase 2 study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) tablet of SOF plus LDV in additional patient populations, including those with cirrhosis and with non-GT-1 infection.We also evaluated the need for RBV and for 12 weeks' duration.Methods: We enrolled 4 arms: prior null-responder HCV GT-1 patients with compensated cirrhosis were randomized to receive open-label SOF/LDV FDC with or without RBV for 12 weeks; treatment-naïve HCV GT-1 patients without cirrhosis received SOF/LDV FDC plus RBV for 6 weeks; and treatmentnaïve HCV non-GT-1 patients without cirrhosis were assigned to receive SOF/LDV FDC plus RBV for 12 weeks.Results: 54 patients were enrolled.Of the GT-1 prior null-responder group, 79% were genotype 1a, and 32% were IL28B CC.Of the treatment-naïve GT-1 group, 84% were genotype 1a, and 20% were IL28B CC.Of the non-GT-1 group 20% were GT-2, and 80% GT-3.Efficacy results are tabulated.SOF/LDV FDC with or without RBV was generally well tolerated; There were no SAEs or treatment discontinuations.Adverse events were generally mild, and Grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities were infrequent and consistent with the safety profile of RBV.No toxicity attributable to SOF/LDV FDC was identified.Conclusions: SOF/LDV FDC elicited rapid decline in HCV RNA in all patient populations with no viral breakthrough observed.In treatment-naïve GT-1 patients without cirrhosis, reduction in duration from 12 to 6 weeks increased the rate of relapse.In the prior null responder GT-1 patients with cirrhosis, the addition of RBV to SOF/LDV FDC decreased the rate of relapse, suggesting that either RBV or a third DAA may be useful in this difficult-to-treat patient population.Promising SVR rates achieved in genotype 2 or 3 patients support further evaluation of SOF/LDV FDC in patients with HCV GT-2 or GT-3.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: G. C. BAGBY
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1988)

BOOK REVIEWS Get access The Status of Differentitation Therapy of Cancer. Scrono Symposia Publications, vol. 45. S. Waxman, G. B. Rossi, F. Takaku, eds. New York: Raven Press, 1988, 438 pp. $61.00. GROVER C. BAGBY, JR. GROVER C. BAGBY, JR. Hematology and MedicalOncology, L-580The Oregon Health Sciences University3181 S. W. Sam Jackson Park Rd. Portland, OR 97201 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 80, Issue 17, 2 November 1988, Pages 1421–1422, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.17.1421-a Published: 02 November 1988
Books in Brief
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preclinical assessment of capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) of varying potency revealed a novel class of picomolar-acting CAMs inducing neither significant HBcAg cytoplasmic retention nor adverse interactions with HBcAg-specific adaptive immunity
Authors: Romano Di Fabio, Leda Bencheva, Raffaele De Francesco, Lorena Donnici, Vincenzo Summa, Edith Monteagudo, Matteo Iannacone, Luca Guidotti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Hypervitaminosis E
Authors: Barbara F. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The biochemical functions of vitamin E are not established; it has antioxidant properties and is essential for heme synthesis. The requirement for vitamin E increases with the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, hypovitaminosis E is rare; significant amounts are supplied in salad oils, shortenings, margarine, fruits, vegetables, and grain products. Vitamin E deficiency due to interference with its absorption may occur in malabsorption syndromes with steatorrhea, in biliary obstruction, in pancreatic disease, and after excessive ingestion of mineral oil. Clinical vitamin E-responsive states may occur in some children, but specific deficiencies have not been described with certainty in adults. Vitamin E is effective only in the treatment or prevention of vitamin E deficiency. The vitamin has no value in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, sterility, or neuromuscular disease in man. No toxic effects have been reported previously at doses of 800 IU daily. However, much larger