tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Deficient Instruction in Biology in High Schools
Journal: JAMA (2019)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A national survey of breast cancer screening in rural America.
Authors: Jeffrey M. Peppercorn, Kevin Houck, Adane Fekadu Wogu, Victor Villagra, Gary H. Lyman, Stephanie B. Wheeler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

6546 Background: Breast cancer screening leads to improved survival yet disparities among rural women persist. The impact of inconsistent mammography guidelines on attitudes and utilization is unknown. Methods: We conducted a national self-administered survey of 2,000 randomly selected women between ages 40 and 65 insured by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (as utility workers or family members). A study-specific survey assessed mammography use, knowledge and attitudes about screening, awareness of guidelines, and correlation between knowledge, attitudes and screening. Results: 1,581 women responded (response rate 79%). 41% were age 40-49, 58% age 50-65. 74% were rural, 18% suburban, and 8% urban. 98% agreed that mammograms find cancer early and improve chance of cure. Only 19% believed that mammograms may lead to unneeded biopsies and 4% to unsafe radiation. 54% thought annual mammography was recommended for women 40-49, 22% biennial, 17% that expert views vary, 2% screening not recommended, and 5% unsure. Non-rural women were more likely to believe annual screening is recommended (64% vs. 51%, p = 0.0002). For women over 50, 66% believed annual screening was recommended, 14% biennial, 11% expert views vary, and 9% unsure. While only 9% reported confusion over guidelines, few reported practices consistent with U.S. Preventative Services Task Force (USPTF) recommendations. Among women < 50, 46% report annual screening, 32% biennial, and 23% rare/never. Among women > 50, 63% reported annual screening, 25% biennial, and 13% rare/never. Among younger women, belief that annual screening was recommended correlated with reported annual screening, (70% vs. 20%, p < 0.0001). Younger women who reported understanding current guidelines were also more likely to report annual screening (51% vs. 33%, p = 0.0003) and less likely to report rare/never screening (18% vs. 34%, p = 0.0002). Among women over 50, those reporting confusion over guidelines were twice as likely to report rare/never screening vs. those reporting understanding (18% vs. 9%, p = 0.0004) Conclusions: Perceptions of recommendations and confusion over guidelines correlate with screening behavior suggesting a need for expert consensus to inform appropriate utilization.
CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA
Authors: A. Sattar, A. Saleem, B. Pettorini, B. Pizer, I. Bhatti, G. Narenthiran, C. Mallucci, A. Hoffmann, U. Gebhardt, A. Sterkenburg, M. Warmuth-Metz, H. L. Muller, F. P. Postma, A. Hoffmann, U. Gebhardt, H. L. Muller, A. Hoffmann, M. Warmuth-Metz, U. Gebhardt, T. Pietsch, F. Pohl, R.-D. Kortmann, G. Calaminus, H. L. Muller, A. S. Sterkenburg, A. Hoffmann, U. Gebhardt, H. L. Muller, H. L. Muller, U. Gebhardt, A. Faldum, M. Warmuth-Metz, T. Pietsch, F. Pohl, G. Calaminus, D. Perelberg, P. Morillon, A. Ederies, K. Aquilina, N. Dorward, A. Michalski, D. Hargrave, Y.-C. Chang, N. Bozorgi, S. James, M. Korbonits, W. Drake, S. Akker, C. Mallucci, B. Pizer, J. Blair, I. Kamaly, P. Clayton, H. Spoudeas, J. Wisoff, R. Elliott, J. Gump, A. Donson, D. Birks, M. Handler, N. Foreman, T. Hankinson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVE:The object of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the use of Gamma Knife Radiosurgery along with other surgical procedures in the management of craniopharyngioma.METHODS: Twenty paeditric patients with craniopharyngioma were treated between May 2008 and August 2013.The age of the patients ranged from 2-14 yrs.There were 13 males and 7 females.Craniopharyngiomas were solid in 2, cystic in 2, and mixed in 16 patients.Size ranged from 2.2 -32.3 cm 3 (mean 12 cm 3 .).The prescription dose ranged from 8-14 Gy (mean 11.5 Gy).Maximum dose ranged from 16-28 Gy.Eleven patients had associated hydrocephalus and had V.P. shunt placed.There were 4 patients who needed Ommaya reservoir placement.Two patients had previous conventional radiotherapy.Eleven patients had subtotal resection before gamma knife.Two patients had neuroendocopic fenestration of the large cystic component before gamma knife.RESULTS: The mean follow up period was 33 months and ranged from 6 to 60 months.Outcome was excellent in 10 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 2 and poor in 2 cases.A tumor response rate of 77.1% and a tumor control rate of 88.5% were achieved.No patient with normal pituitary function developed hypopituitarism after radiosurgery.Deterioration of visual function was found in one patient.CONCLUSION: Significant tumor control can be achieved if radio surgery is systematically combined with subtotal tumor resection, cyst drainage by neuroendoscopy and / or reservoir placement.Treatment related neurological deficits are rare.
Serotonin
Authors: Albert Sjoerdsma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

A VAST amount of research has been done on serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) within relatively few years. There has been a tendency to attribute clinical significance to many of the experimental results obtained in animals and even in biologic systems in vitro. This has posed a difficult problem to the medical investigator and clinician, and it is not surprising that considerable confusion still exists on interrelations between serotonin and various clinical disorders.In this review, an attempt will be made to place in proper perspective the present status of knowledge of this amine in man. After the basic medical aspects of serotonin . . .
LAW AND MEDICINE
Authors: James J. McNamara
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Correction
Authors: Karen Robbins, Robert Wood, Corinne Keet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)

allergy and the avoidance that follows might have substantial nutritional risks itself, and therefore these results are informative, even in the absence of confirmatory data regarding true allergy.Finally, because of the cross-sectional design of this study, we cannot characterize long-term outcomes in growth restriction or catch-up growth and cannot easily determine other contributing or exacerbating factors, such as corticosteroid use.Despite these limitations, our study is noteworthy for the first description of growth and nutrition patterns of children with food allergy in a large population-based study of US children.These findings support the need for nutritional supervision, calcium and vitamin D supplementation (where appropriate), and close monitoring of growth for children with milk allergy.
THE DETROIT MEETING.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Whatever became of that old-fashioned patient?
Authors: C. L. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A question frequently asked somewhat wistfully is, "Whatever became of the old-fashioned doctor?" By the tone of the question, the impression is left that the old-fashioned doctor is no more and that he has been succeeded by someone or something that, to a significant degree, is inferior. In response to these implications of "failure" on the doctors' part, I would like to turn the question around and ask, "Whatever became of the oldfashioned patient?" Actually, there still are among us today many "old-fashioned" doctors and many "old-fashioned" patients. But the pertinent fact is that the conditions of medical practice have changed, and this situation has modified the actions of both patients and doctors. It is fashionable today to speak of people or organizations as projecting an image. The doctors are said to worry about their image. At regular intervals the public press reports that the American Medical Association is concerned
Low pulse oximeter‐measured hemoglobin oxygen saturations with hemoglobin Cheverly
Authors: Raymond J. Hohl, Alan R. Sherburne, James E. Feeley, Titus H.J. Huisman, C. Patrick Burns
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Unexpectedly low hemoglobin oxygen saturation as determined by pulse-oximeter analysis was observed in a patient who underwent an elective surgical procedure. Specific hemoglobin derivatives such as carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and reduced hemoglobin that have been described to lower pulse-oximetry determination of oxygenation were not detected. Absorbance spectra revealed the patient's hemoglobin to be different than that obtained from two normal volunteers. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the hemoglobin showed an unknown band that comprised 15% of the patient's hemoglobin. DNA sequence analysis showed a point mutation in the second nucleotide of the 45th codon of the β-globin chain. This mutation encodes for an abnormal β-chain (β-45 Phe→Ser) that has been described as hemoglobin Cheverly. Hemoglobin Cheverly is an unstable hemoglobin that has a similar mutation as the β-42 Phe→Ser mutation seen in hemoglobin Hammersmith. Hemoglobin Hammersmith and another unstable hemoglobin, hemoglobin Köln, have previously been described to have unexpectedly low pulse-oximeter–determined oxyhemoglobin levels. That we find hemoglobin Cheverly to result in a similar phenomenon suggests that pulse-oximeter monitoring of oxygenation status may not be appropriate for the unstable hemoglobins. Low pulse-oximeter oxygenation determinations for these hemoglobins do not appear to predict clinical hypoxemia. Am. J. Hematol. 59:181–184, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Medical Education and Financial Assistance Programs Sponsored by US Government Agencies
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In Reply
Authors: Lori E. Dodd, Edward L. Korn, Boris Freidlin, Lawrence V. Rubinstein, Margaret M. Mooney, C. Carl Jaffe, Janet Dancey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

On the contrary, in independent blinded evaluations, images on which efficacy is based are almost always read by radiologists who are trained in the related specific indication.Before the readers may begin evaluation of the images, they are trained and tested in a standardized and transparent fashion, particularly on the response criteria or any variations to standard response criteria which may be present in a study.Bias is reduced by providing only necessary imaging information, and by omitting clinical data, dosing data, imaging site location, and so on.Bias is further reduced by a variety of blinded read designs, including multiple randomization schemata.We agree that central review by a small number of reviewers with specific expertise lessens measurement variability.In addition, prospective trial-specific training and testing of readers further reduce measurement variability.Dodd et al 1 do not take into account the inherent variability in the appearance of lesions on imaging scans.While a nonradiologist may believe they can accurately measure a well-circumscribed round lesion, complex lesions with surrounding edema, hemorrhage, calcification, adjacent arterovenous shunting, or simply ill-defined margins require a trained radiologist to accurately distinguish tumor from nontumor imaging effects.
Factors Modulating the Secretion of Thyrotropin and Other Hormones of the Thyroid Axis
Authors: George A. Hedge, Ken C. Wright, Allan Judd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

The first portion of this paper is devoted to an overview of the normal function of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis. This section emphasizes areas of current research interest and it identifies several sites and mechanisms that are potentially important interfaces with toxins or toxic mechanisms. We then describe an in vitro technique for the continuous superfusion of enzymatically dispersed pituitary cells; this approach is particularly valuable in studying the dynamics of the TSH responses to the factors known (or suspected) to regulate TSH secretion in vivo. Using this technique, we have found that 10(-5)M prostaglandin (PG)I2 stimulates TSH secretion without altering the response to TRH (10(-8)M), and that this stimulation is not due to its rapid conversion to 6-keto PGF1 alpha. In contrast PGs of the E series (PGE1 and PGE2, 10(-5)M) increase responsiveness to TRH but have no effect alone. We found no effects of any of the other prostanoids tested (PGs A2, B2, F1 alpha, F2 alpha, thromboxanes A2 and B2, and the endoperoxide analog, U-44069. Somatostain (10(-9)M inhibits TRH-induced TSH secretion, but does not alter the responsiveness to PGI2. These findings suggest that somatostatin blocks TSH secretion at a point that is functionally prior to the involvement of the PGs, and perhaps does so by blocking synthesis or limiting availability of selected PGs.
Phase II trial of sequential temozolomide (TMZ) and high-dose bolus (HDB) IL-2 in patients with AJCC stage IV melanoma
Authors: A. Tarhini, S. S. Agarwala, W. Gooding, C. Cai, J. M. Kirkwood, L. L. Stover, H. Blair
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

7549 Background: Multiagent biochemotherapy (BCT) has not been superior to chemotherapy alone in randomized trials. Previously tested BCT regimens have been criticized for the lower doses of IL-2 administered and the multiple chemotherapeutic agents, which have added to toxicity, but not to efficacy. Methods: We designed a unique BCT approach of single agent chemotherapy with TMZ given in an extended schedule (75 mg/m2 per day for 3 weeks PO) followed by high-dose bolus IL-2 (600,000 U/Kg/dose, maximum 14 doses administered over 5 days). Cycles were repeated every 28 days with a two-week interval between even numbered cycles. Results: Eighteen patients (11 male, 7 female), age 27–74 (median 53) have been entered to date. All had AJCC stage IV melanoma (6 M1a, 3 M1b and 9 M1c) and had not previously received therapy for metastatic disease. Eight had received prior adjuvant interferon. A total of 50 cycles of therapy have been administered (median of 3.5 cycles per patient). The median number of doses was 9 (range 7–11) during cycle 1, and 7 (range 4–9) during cycle 2. Two patients did not receive any IL-2 and one had only 1 cycle of IL-2. Fifteen received at least 2 cycles, of which 14 are evaluable for response. All 18 patients are evaluable for toxicity. Grade 3 toxicities included hepatic (5), hematologic (2 leukopenia and 2 thrombocytopenia). No grade 3–4 cardiovascular or renal toxicities were noted. Overall response rate is 29% (2 complete lasting 3.8+ and 2.3+ months, 2 partial lasting 3.2+ and 2.5+ months). Responses were seen in both M1a and M1c disease. Nine patients had stable disease after 2 cycles and 4 of these have progressed. Median survival has not yet been reached. Conclusions: The combination of single agent extended-schedule TMZ with HDB IL-2 is a well-tolerated regimen that has shown promising activity in patients with stage IV melanoma. Accrual is on-going and long-term durability of the responses is being assessed. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Abscess of the Antrum
Authors: J. H. Bryan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The antrum is that triangular-shaped cavity in the superior maxilla, sometimes found extending into the malar bone forming a second cavity. It is lined by mucous membrane continuous with that of the nose, and it is occasionally thrown into folds forming partial septa, a fact of considerable clinical importance. It varies in size according to the age and sex of the individual, being small in children, and larger in the male than in the female. It diminishes in size in old age and after the loss of the teeth. Of the surgical affections of the antrum, suppurative inflammations play the most important part. Until within recent years abscess of the antrum was regarded as rather an uncommon affection, but we now know that it exists much more frequently than was formerly supposed. It occurs generally after the second dentition; although there is one case recorded by P. B. Pedley,<sup>1</sup>
Reply
Authors: Darrell Crawford, Linda Fletcher
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

We were pleased by the comments of Bralet et al.1 relating to our recent publication in HEPATOLOGY and detailing results from their institution. The findings of the 2 studies are quite similar. Firstly, hereditary hemochromatosis is an uncommon indication for liver transplantation. Despite not reporting the total number of liver transplants performed in their institution, it is safe to assume that these 5 patients presented in their correspondence represent only a small proportion of their total transplant population. Secondly, the absence of evidence of liver iron reaccumulation after a lengthy follow-up period (median, 12.2 years) suggests an important role for the liver in contributing to the pathophysiology of iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis. In contrast to our study, the overall survival of the patients reported by Bralet et al. is very good. It should be emphasized however, that the most outstanding variable predicting death in our cohort was the presence of a hepatocellular carcinoma outside the Mazzaferro criteria. The tumor border is not clearly defined in the patients reported by Bralet et al. However, their chemotherapy protocol is deserving of further study if those tumors were outside the current guidelines regarding transplantation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Darrell Crawford*, Linda Fletcher*, * Gastroenterology and Hepatology Princess Alexandra Hospital/University of Queensland Brisbane, Australia.
PRAGTIGAL NOTES.
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mark Twain and "The Doctor" in Innocents Abroad.
Journal: JAMA (2001)

To the Editor:\p=m-\Everylittle while there appears a statement in one of our medical journals concerning some doctor who is or was\p=m-\for this statement usually appears in an obituary notice "the original of Mark Twain's doctor in 'Innocents Abroad.' " There is, accordingly, a possibility that the original doctor of "Innocents Abroad" may become as numerous as the original Uncle Tom of Mrs. Stowe's famous novel.I have no doubt that these