tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Colorectal Cancer— United States, 1997
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. During 1999, approximately 129,400 new cases of colorectal cancer will be diagnosed, and 56,600 persons will die from the disease. In 1996, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended the use of specific screening tests (i.e., annual fecal-occult blood testing [FOBT] and/or periodic flexible sigmoidoscopy for persons aged > or =50 years) to reduce colorectal cancer-related mortality. In 1997, the American Cancer Society and an interdisciplinary task force developed guidelines that recommend one test or a combination of several tests for colorectal cancer screening. To estimate the proportion of the U.S. population that received colorectal cancer screening tests, CDC analyzed data from the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) on the use of a home-administered blood stool test, or FOBT, and sigmoidoscopy/proctoscopy. This report summarizes the results of this analysis, which documents low rates of use of colorectal cancer screening tests.
What Are We Teaching About Indigent Patients?
Authors: Frank E. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I am disappointed that you saw fit to publish the article entitled "What Are We Teaching About Indigent Patients?"<sup>1</sup> Miles treats this case as if it were clearly a matter of financial greed with the surgeon refusing to treat a patient because he would not be paid. It is apparent to me that this was not the case. Miles presumes the worst motives for this surgeon, but does not tell us whether this surgeon refuses to treat all Medicaid patients or whether he ever treats some patients who have no insurance coverage at all. We are not told what sort of encounter there was between the patient and the surgeon. The patient was obviously not someone whom any of us would want to assume responsibility for. The sort of self-destructive behavior that she exhibited indicated a high probability that she would not be compliant with her
Effects of Olanzapine, Quetiapine, and Risperidone on Neurocognitive Function in Early Psychosis: A Randomized, Double-Blind 52-Week Comparison
Authors: Richard Keefe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2007)

Objective: The authors sought to compare the effects of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone on neurocognitive function in patients with early psychosis. Method: In a 52-week double-blind, multicenter study, 400 patients early in the course of psychotic illness (<5 years) were randomly assigned to treatment with olanzapine (2.5–20 mg/day), quetiapine (100–800 mg/day), or risperidone (0.5–4 mg/day). The mean modal daily dose was 11.7 mg (SD=5.3) for olanzapine, 506 mg (SD=215) for quetiapine, and 2.4 mg (SD=1.0) for risperidone. A total of 224 patients completed neurocognitive assessments at baseline and at 12 weeks, and 81 patients also completed them at 52 weeks. Neurocognitive composite scores were calculated from the neurocognitive battery used in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) and from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Results: At week 12, there was significant improvement in neurocognition for each treatment (p<0.01), but no significant overall difference between treatments. Composite z score improvements on the CATIE neurocognitive battery were 0.17 for olanzapine, 0.33 for quetiapine, and 0.32 for risperidone. Composite z score improvements on the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia were 0.19 for olanzapine, 0.34 for quetiapine, and 0.22 for risperidone. Statistically significant relationships between improvements in neurocognition and functional outcome were observed at weeks 12 and 52. Conclusions: Olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone all produced significant improvements in neurocognition in early-psychosis patients. Although cognitive improvements were modest, their clinical importance was suggested by relationships with improvements in functional outcome.
Bernardini Ramazzini (1633-1714) physician of the tradesmen
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Journal of Pediatrics, St. Louis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What’s in a Name?
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Lung Function Responses to Ambient Acid Aerosol Exposures in Children
Authors: Mark E. Raizenne, Richard T. Burnett, Bonnie Stern, Claire A. Franklin, John D. Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

We examined the relationship between lung function changes and ambient acid aerosol episodes in children attending a residential summer camp. Young females (112) performed daily spirometry, and 96 were assessed on one occasion for airway hyperresponsiveness using a methacholine bronchoprovocation test. Air quality measurements were performed on site and four distinct acid aerosol episodes were observed during the 41-day study. The maximum values observed during the 41-day study were: O3 at 143 ppb; H2SO4 at 47.7 micrograms/m3; and [H+] at 550 nmole/m3. Maximum decrements of 3.5 and 7% for FEV1 and PEF, respectively, were observed to be associated with the air pollution episodes. There was some evidence of a differential lung function response to the episodes where children with a positive response to a methacholine challenge had larger decrements compared to their nonresponsive counterparts.
Postgraduate Medical Journal, London
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maintaining Standards of Medical Education
Authors: Dennis B. Dove
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Under the general topic of "Accreditation and the Public Interest" I have been asked to direct my comments to the problems involved in maintaining appropriate standards for medical education while substantially increasing the number and proportion of medical students from minority groups. I am of the opinion that the title of my topic does severe injustice to the question in that it represents a preconceived bias on the part of the individuals who assigned it and those who concur with it. This bias evidences itself from two assumptions which are to be made from the title: (1) that the standards under which we now operate are absolute, should be maintained, and should not be in any way modified; (2) that the term minority immediately confers upon the individual so blessed the specter of inferiority. However, I submit that not only are our present standards of excellence by no means absolute,
Sorting Tests in Relation to Drug Therapy in Schizophrenia
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errors in Key Points and Results Sections
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2019)

Marko P. O. Virtanen, MD; Markku Eskola, MD, PhD; Maina P. Jalava, MD; Annastiina Husso, MD, PhD; Teemu Laakso, MD; Matti Niemelä, MD, PhD; Tuomas Ahvenvaara, MD; Tuomas Tauriainen, MD, PhD; Pasi Maaranen, MD; Eeva-Maija Kinnunen, MD, PhD; Sebastian Dahlbacka, MD, PhD; Jussi Jaakkola, MD, PhD; Tuija Vasankari, RN; Juhani Airaksinen, MD, PhD; Vesa Anttila, MD, PhD; Stefano Rosato, MSc; Paola D’Errigo, MSc; Mikko Savontaus, MD, PhD; Tatu Juvonen, MD, PhD; Mika Laine, MD, PhD; Timo Mäkikallio, MD, PhD; Antti Valtola, MD, PhD; Peter Raivio, MD, PhD; Fausto Biancari, MD, PhD
Staff and parents want notes kept at foot of child's bed
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Decision aids do improve patients' decision makingTrials of aids to help patients consider the benefits and harms of medical treatments show that they improve patients' knowledge, comfort, and participation in decision making without increasing anxiety.The systematic review by O'Connor et al (p 731) also found that decision aids had little effect on satisfaction and an inconsistent effect on patients' decisions.The trials of decision aids focused on hormone therapy, circumcision, screening for cancer and genetic disorders, and treatments for prostate cancer, breast cancer, and heart disease.The results consistently showed that decision aids were better than usual practice.
GASTROSCOPY
Authors: HENRY H. JANEWAY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

It is unnecessary, in a paper attempting to enlist interest in gastroscopy, to emphasize the frequency of cancer of the stomach and how rarely this disease is diagnosed in an early stage. Only one question presents itself for discussion. Is gastroscopy an efficient and practical method of viewing the interior of the stomach? By an efficient method is meant one which permits the details of the mucous membrane of a sufficient portion of the stomach to be seen clearly. By a practical method is meant one which is not dangerous and does not entail too much inconvenience or suffering on the part of the patient, and, perhaps, one which furnishes more information than other existing methods of objective examination. No one, for instance, would question the value of inspecting the interior of the stomach or the obligation which rested on the physician of insisting that patients with new gastric symptoms
Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: B. Mark Keegan, John H. Noseworthy
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2002)

▪ Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Diagnosis rests upon identifying typical clinical symptoms and interpreting supportive laboratory and radiological investigations. The etiology is unknown; however, strong evidence suggests that MS is an autoimmune disease directed against CNS myelin or oligodendrocytes. Genetic factors are important in the development of MS. Contributing environmental determinants (possibly including infectious agents) appear important but remain unidentified. Both cell-mediated and humorally mediated immune mechanisms contribute to pathological injury. Axonal damage occurs in addition to demyelination and may be the cause of later permanent disability. Distinct pathological subtypes may differentiate among patients with MS. Treatment is directed at acute attacks (with corticosteroids) and reduction of attack frequency (primarily with type-1 β interferons and glatiramer acetate). Research into the causes and treatments of MS has expanded our knowledge of this disease and promises improved care for MS patients in the future.
Recent advances in autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: D. H. Park, M.-H. Kim, S. T. Chari
Journal: Gut (2009)

Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is distinct from calcifying and obstructive forms of chronic pancreatitis. Clinically and histologically it has two distinct subsets: (i) lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis or type 1 AIP which appears to be a systemic disease characterised by abundant infiltration of affected organs with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cells and (2) duct-centric or type 2 AIP characterised by granulocyte epithelial lesions in the pancreas without systemic involvement. In AIP a marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate that responds dramatically to steroid therapy suggests an autoimmune aetiology. However, the target autoantigen(s) and the effector cells in AIP remain speculative. Despite the consistent elevation in serum IgG4 levels and tissue infiltration with IgG4-positive plasma cells in type 1 AIP, the role of IgG4 in its pathogenesis remains unknown. Recent development of animal models of AIP will help improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of these newly described forms of chronic pancreatitis.
Corrections
Authors: H Harris, R Panton, Major Clyne, W Watts, W Atkinson, A Glanvill, R Territorial, H Trusted, G Cameron, L Davis, J Holmes, H Lake, S Mattingley, V Innes, H Rayner, R Stewart, W Jamieson, Captains Wright, K Mellish- Oxley, J Grieve, R Barraclough, T Hickey, N Sprague
Journal: BMJ (1964)
Decontamination and Disposal of PCB Wastes
Authors: L. E. Johnston
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Decontamination and disposal processes for PCB wastes are reviewed. Processes are classed as incineration, chemical reaction or decontamination. Incineration technologies are not limited to the rigorous high temperature but include those where innovations in use of oxident, heat transfer and residue recycle are made. Chemical processes include the sodium processes, radiant energy processes and low temperature oxidations. Typical processing rates and associated costs are provided where possible.
Abstract 346: E2F8 induces proliferation and invasion through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and notch signaling pathways in ovarian cancer
Authors: Kyung Jin Eoh, Jong Woo Lee, Young Tae Kim, Peter Jaseok Koo
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Purpose: Recent research has investigated the role of E2F8 in cancer progression. However, whether the progression of ovarian cancer involves E2F8 remains to be elucidated. In this study, the bio-functional consequences of E2F8 knockdown in vitro and in vivo were explored. Experimental Design: E2F8 expression was compared between ovarian cancer and non-cancer tissues, and the association between E2F8 expression and progression-free survival in ovarian cancer patients was analyzed. To demonstrate the function of E2F8 in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, RNA interference was employed to suppress E2F8 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Finally, the effect of E2F8-knockdown was investigated in an ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model. Results: Ovarian cancer tissue exhibited significantly higher E2F8 expression than normal ovarian tissue. Clinical data confirmed that E2F8 was a significant predictor of progression-free survival, and ovarian cancer patients with high E2F8 expression exhibited poorer prognosis than patients with low E2F8 expression. In vitro experiments using E2F8-knockdown ovarian cancer cell lines showed that E2F8 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and tumor invasion. Additionally, E2F8 was a potent inducer and modulator of the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch signaling pathway-related markers. We confirmed the function of E2F8 in vivo, demonstrating that E2F8-knockdown was significantly correlated with reduced tumor size and weight. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggests that E2F8 is highly correlated with ovarian cancer progression; hence, E2F8 may be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for ovarian malignancy. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Kyung Jin Eoh, Jong Woo Lee, Young Tae Kim, Peter Jaseok Koo. E2F8 induces proliferation and invasion through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and notch signaling pathways in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 346.
Rat hepatocytes attach to laminin present in liver biomatrix proteins by an Mg++-dependent mechanism
Authors: Maria De Lourdes Ponce, Marcos Rojkind
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Laminin belongs to a family of proteins that contains at least seven variants. Together with fibronectin, it is the most important cell-adhesion protein. Recent data from various laboratories have suggested that liver sinusoidal laminins differ from Engelbert-Holmes-Swarm tumor laminin (laminin 1), because the former contain α2 instead of α1 chains. Therefore, we compared the adhesion of hepatocytes to laminin 1 and a matrix extracted with dilute acetic acid from liver biomatrix (LBP). We show that LBP contains laminin and that this extracellular matrix protein is the main adhesion protern. Close to 70% of the hepatocytes attach to LBP after 15 minutes of incubation at 37°C. Cell adhesion was Mg ++ and Mn ++ -dependent and Ca ++ - and insulin-independent. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid prevented cell adhesion in the presence of divalent cations. We show that synthetic cell-adhesion peptide sequences present in laminin 1 (RGD and YIGSR) or an antibody to the cellbinding domain (SIKVAV) of the α chain do not prevent hepatocyte adhesion to LBP. We also show that LBP has cell specificity; hepatocytes adhere to it preferentially when compared with other epithelial and mesenchymal cell lines. We suggest that because of the differences in chain composition of laminin 1 and liver sinusoidal laminins as well as the described differences in cell adhesion to the two substrata, further studies are needed to determine the actual composition of liver laminin and establish the chains and domains to which hepatocytes adhere. (Hepatology 1995;22:620-628.)
GOVERNMENT SERVICES
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal