tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aortic and mitral regurgitation. How to evaluate the condition and when to consider surgical intervention
Authors: W. Grossman
Journal: JAMA (1984)

AORTIC and mitral regurgitation represent two relatively common causes of left ventricular volume overload. Although diseases that produce aortic or mitral regurgitation may also produce narrowing of the valve orifice, resulting in some degree of stenosis, pure aortic and/or mitral regurgitation (without associated valve stenosis) occur commonly, and this review focuses on the natural history and treatment of patients with pure aortic and/or mitral regurgitation. In both aortic and mitral regurgitation, the left ventricle must accommodate an increased amount of blood in diastole: in aortic regurgitation, this extra diastolic blood is the direct consequence of the aortic valvular leak, whereas in mitral regurgitation, the extra diastolic load is the indirect result of the fact that blood regurgitated from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole must ultimately return to the left ventricle during subsequent diastoles. The diastolic volume overload of aortic and mitral regurgitation initially increases diastolic wall
婴儿皮肤血管瘤的干预
Authors: M. Novoa, E. Baselga, S. Beltran, L. Giraldo, A. Shahbaz, H. Pardo‐Hernandez, I. Arevalo‐Rodriguez
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2019)

婴儿血管瘤是一种胎记。它们是皮肤上的柔软高起的肿胀区域, 通常有一个因皮肤血管非癌性过度生长导致的鲜红色表面。大部分皮损无并发症, 到 7 岁时将自行缩小;但是, 如果它们发生在高危部位或导致心理问题, 部分需要治疗。本文总结了一篇 Cochrane 评价的重要发现, 该评价旨在通过采集至 2017 年 2 月的证据来评估婴儿和儿童皮肤血管瘤治疗的获益和危害。这篇评价包括 28 项研究 (1728 名儿童), 这些研究评估了激光、β受体阻滞剂、类固醇和放疗等治疗。当与安慰剂治疗比较时, 按 3 mg/kg/ 天剂量口服普萘洛尔在肿胀完全或几乎完全清除和血管瘤体积减小方面可能更为有效 (中等质量证据)。此外, 在对比安慰剂评估时, 马来酸噻吗洛尔 0.5%‐凝胶每天两次局部外用 (至皮肤) 可能减轻红色 (低质量证据)。两个组都没有报告短期或长期严重心血管事件。同样, 也没有口服普萘洛尔 (每天一片, 1.0 mg/kg/剂) 和局部外用马来酸噻吗洛尔 (0.5% 滴眼液, 每天使用两次) 在它们使血管瘤体积缩小≥ 50% 的作用方面存在差异的证据 (低质量证据)。口服普萘洛尔目前是此病的标准治疗, 我们没有发现有其他治疗在疗效和安全性方面能与此治疗竞争的证据。高质量的未来研究应评估普萘洛尔和马来酸噻吗洛尔以及其他备选药物对于包括相关不良事件 (不良副作用) 、父母/儿童对于改善的看法和美容外观等对患者有重要意义的结局的影响。
Recognising child abuse.
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Recognising child abuse "I ran away from him because he lost my indentures: for he served me very bad; he stuck a pick into me twice."Here the boy was made to strip, and the Commissioner, Mr Symonds, found a large cicatrix likely to have been occasioned by such an instrument, which must have passed through the gliltei muscles, and stopped only short of the hip-joint.There were 20 other wounds, occasioned by hurrying in low workings, up and around the spinous processes of the vertebrae, from the sacrum upward.
Drug Antisubstitution Laws: Reprise
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Acute Coronary SyndromesA cute coronary syndromes (ACS) is a term used to describe a group of conditions resulting from acute myocardial ischemia (insufficient blood flow to heart muscle) and ranging from unstable angina (increasing, unpredictable chest pain) to myocardial infarction (heart attack).The conditions are related to varying degrees of narrowing or blockage of single or multiple coronary arteries that provide blood, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart.This life-threatening disorder is a major cause of emergency medical care and hospitalization.Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death in the United States.The January 6, 2010, issue of JAMA includes an article about treatment decisions in acute coronary syndromes.This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the July 2, 2008, issue of JAMA.
Abstract 84: Inhibition of Hedgehog signalling in ligand dependent tumours
Authors: Vijesh G. Vaghjiani, Catherine Cochrane, Neil Watkins, Stuart Mudge, Jason E. Cain
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Hedgehog (Hh) signalling is evolutionarily conserved pathway that is critical during development and maintenance of stem cells in adults. Activation of the Hedgehog pathway can occur through either ligand-dependent or ligand-independent mechanisms. While mutations in key Hh signalling components (PTCH1, SUFU, SMO, GLI1) result in ligand-dependent signalling and constitutive activation in some cancers, the vast majority of cancers in which Hh signalling is implicated do not have pathway mutations and are therefore driven upstream at the level of Hh ligand. Despite this, there are no biomarkers that can predict which tumours are dependent on Hh ligand and are likely to be responsive to Hh pathway inhibition. Using a panel of osteosarcoma cell lines derived from either radiation-induced or conditional Trp53 and Rb1 genetic inactivation murine models of osteosarcoma, we observed a dramatic increase in Gli1 mRNA, a downstream target of the Hh pathway, in response to Hh ligand stimulation in Trp53 and Rb1 deficient cells. This was accompanied by a significant increase in primary cilia frequency, a critical organelle for Hh pathway activation. Importantly, Hh response to ligand was abolished using the SMO inhibitor LDE225. Using osteosarcoma allograft models, we showed that LDE225-mediated inhibition of the Hh pathway resulted in reduced tumour growth and increased survival in ciliated Trp53 and Rb1-deficient allografts but no response in a non-ciliated Trp53 and Rb1 wildtype-allograft. The sustained clinical use of SMO inhibitors ultimately leads to development of resistance. We next evaluated the efficacy of Itraconazole, a SMO inhibitor previously demonstrated to be effective in Hh-therapy resistant ligand-independent tumour models, in our ligand-dependent osteosarcoma models. We show that Itraconazole inhibits Hh pathway activation in response to ligand leading to reduced Gli1 mRNA in vitro, and reduced tumour growth and increased survival in vivo. Collectively, this data implicates Trp53, Rb1 and primary cilia as a potential biomarker of Hh ligand responsiveness in osteosarcoma and response to Hh pathway inhibition by SMO inhibitors LDE225 and Itraconazole. Citation Format: Vijesh G. Vaghjiani, Catherine Cochrane, Neil Watkins, Stuart Mudge, Jason E. Cain. Inhibition of Hedgehog signalling in ligand dependent tumours [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 84.
Controversy over Multiple Chemical Sensitivities
Authors: Mattie Coxe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 February 1994Controversy over Multiple Chemical SensitivitiesMattie CoxeMattie CoxeBaton Rouge, LA 70806Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Simon and coworkers' [1] conclusion that psychological symptoms are a central component of multiple chemical sensitivity is unwarranted by their data. By their own admission, “more than one half of the cases did not fulfill criteria for any current psychiatric diagnosis, and almost 25% showed no evidence of clinically significant psychologic distress”. Further, their estimate of 25% as the percentage of patients with “somatization disorder” is questionable because the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [third edition, revised] definition for “somatization disorder” is recursive: Distinguishing between physical and psychological ailments is prerequisite knowledge. We may conclude ...References1. Simon GE, Daniell W, Stockbridge H, Claypoole K, Rosenstock L. Immunologic, psychological, and neuropsychological factors in multiple chemical sensitivity: a controlled study. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:97-103. Google Scholar2. Terr AI. Multiple chemical sensitivities. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119: 163-4. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baton Rouge, LA 70806 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 249-251KeywordsDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders third edition revised Issue Published: 1 February 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute Rheumatic Fever at a Navy Training Center— San Diego, California
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Child Unborn
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Summation from a Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Edward V. Ohanian, Joseph A. Cotruvo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

There is an urgent need to discuss the Office of Drinking Water's standard-setting or rulemaking process since most of the researchers whose papers are presented here directly or indirectly play a crucial role in this complex undertaking. Therefore, this paper will address the research data required to support policymaking and regulatory decisions pertaining to health effects of disinfectants and disinfection by-products.
Response
Authors: J. P. VAN NEVEL
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Response Get access J. PAUL VAN NEVEL J. PAUL VAN NEVEL News Editor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 18, 20 September 1989, Page 1425, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.18.1425 Published: 20 September 1989
This Week in &lt;EMPH&gt;JAMA&lt;/EMPH&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2007)

A Piece of My Mind"I thought back to what often felt like the roller-coaster of the disease's hurtling progression toward death, with exacerbations and remissions, false hopes, and then sudden tragedy and disappointment."From "Small Victories." SEE PAGE 2455 Medical News & PerspectivesStudies by military researchers using regional anesthesia to treat soldiers w i t h a c u t e i n j u r i e s s u g g e s t t h i s approach may be superior to general anesthesia and may help prevent the development of chronic pain.
Treatment of Herpesvirus Infections
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, Martin S. Hirsch, Robert T. Schooley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

HERPESVIRUS infections remain among the most troublesome afflictions facing patients and clinicians. Although "remedies" for herpes infections have long been with us, until recently none has withstood close scrutiny. Since this subject was last reviewed in the Journal,1 a number of well-controlled clinical trials of anti-herpes agents have been conducted. Moreover, both topical and intravenous preparations of acyclovir have been licensed in the United States, and licensure of oral acyclovir is on the horizon. Other anti-herpes nucleoside derivatives and a multitude of different interferon preparations are under trial. Physicians have gone from a situation in which there was no . . .
Fetal Pain
Authors: Laura B Myers, Linda A Bulich, Arielle Mizrahi, Stephen Santangelo
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a high selenium environment
Authors: A. W. Kilness
Journal: JAMA (1977)

During a ten-year period, four cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been found in a sparsely populated county (population 4,000) in westcentral South Dakota. The patients were unrelated male farmer-ranchers between 57 and 66 years of age, living within a 15-km radius of each other. The cases occurred in a region where naturally occurring selenium toxication is endemic in farm animals. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2843-2844, 1977)
The Mouth
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acral changes associated with thyroid diseases
Authors: D. W. Nixon
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Acral changes associated with thyroid diseases include exophthalmos, local myxedema, and acropachy, which may conveniently be grouped together for pathological and clinical reasons. This communication discusses 16 patients with acral changes following antithyroid therapy, and 8 patients who had not been hyperthyroid or received any form of thyroid ablation. Local myxedema or bone changes of acropachy may not be recognized on clinical examination unless the clinical and roentgenological features are known. Original diagnostic criteria include decreased skin temperature over early local myxedema, and increased width of the diaphysis of distal short bones. Differential diagnoses include acromegaly, pachydermoperiostosis, neurotic arthralgias, and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. Local trauma may determine the site of acral changes.
Congenital factor X deficiency and incomplete transverse paralysis
Authors: Y. Endo
Journal: JAMA (1981)

AN UNUSUAL case of congenital factor X deficiency with hematomyelia was treated at the Akita University School of Medicine during October 1978. The 27-year-old man displayed an incomplete transverse paralysis due to hemorrhage into the spinal cord. Although hemorrhage into the CNS is not unusual, hemorrhage into the spinal cord in hemophilia and related disorders is rare. To our knowledge, only 20 similar afflictions with congenital factor X deficiencies have been reported since 1956, and none of these showed any evidence of hematomyelia.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> At age 17 years, the patient's ailment had been diagnosed as congenital factor X deficiency having familial traits. He was admitted to our hospital because of a gait disturbance and the suppression of urine and stools following severe back pains. While under our care, he had recurrent intramuscular hemorrhages in the right thigh as well as two episodes of tooth extractions. Although
Incorrect Reference
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Radionuclide Esophagogram
Authors: RAYMOND TAILLEFER, GILLES BEAUCHAMP
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The authors present their experience with the radionuclide esophagogram. Cases illustrating achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, reflux esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux, Barrett's esophagus, hiatal hernias, pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, and malignant tumors of the esophagus are included. The radionuclide esophagogram proved to be a useful procedure in the diagnosis and follow-up of many esophageal diseases.
Picture Quiz: Cochlear bowel
Authors: Vibhore Gupta, D Sunderamoorthy
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A 72 year old man presented at the accident and emergency department with a one day history of diffuse colicky abdominal pain associated with abdominal distension and constipation. There was no associated vomiting. Abdominal examination revealed generalised distension without peritonism and increased bowel sounds. There was an operative scar in the right groin from a previous inguinal herniorrhaphy. Figure 1 shows the abdominal x ray film. Figure 1
A tangled web
Authors: R. J. Cihak
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Alan F. White: This 62-year-old man first noticed fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and subcostal discomfort on the left side three weeks before admission to the hospital. Before this he had been in good health, without any respiratory disease or occupational exposure to dust. When seen by his physician one week after onset of symptoms, his fatigue and dyspnea were worse; he also had an ill-defined pain in the upper portion of the abdomen and a slight cough. On physical examination the lungs were clear and the abdomen normal. A roentgenogram of the chest was made (Fig 1). During the two weeks preceding admission to the hospital, the cough became more frequent and was productive of clear, white sputum flecked with blood on one occasion. At the time of admission to the hospital, moist rales were present at both lung bases. A second roentgenogram of the chest was performed (Fig 2).
Substance Abuse
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal