tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pseudomonas Endocarditis
Authors: Milagros P. Reyes
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article by Borow et al, "Transient<i>Pseudomonas</i>Bacteremia in a Heroin Addict: Resemblance to Right-Sided Endocarditis" (240:560, 1978), the authors describe an intravenous heroin user with transient<i>Pseudomonas</i>bacteremia whose temperature defervesced within ten hours of admission, before gentamicin sulfate therapy was begun. This patient otherwise almost fulfilled all criteria for a presumptive diagnosis of right-sided bacterial endocarditis.<sup>1,2</sup>These major requirements are "persistent"<i>P aeruginosa</i>bacteremia and absence of an obvious source for the bacteremia other than the heart. Supportive findings include (1) intravenous use of heroin, (2) cardiac murmur(s), (3) septic emboli, and (4) fever. In the series of 23 patients with<i>P aeruginosa</i>bacterial endocarditis reported by us in 1973,<sup>1</sup>histological documentation of right-sided bacterial endocarditis at either surgery or autopsy was possible in ten of 16 patients who fulfilled the aforementioned criteria. Five of the remaining six patients unaccounted for
Incorrect Date in: Thoracic and Lumbar Vertebroplasties Performed in US Medicare Enrollees, 2001-2005
Authors: Mary Chester, M Wasko, Helen Hubert, Vijaya Lingala, Jennifer Elliott, Michael Luggen, James Fries, Michael Ward
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Poisson regression models by practice site.Di Comite and Rossi also suggest that we investigate the effects of anti-TNF-␣ medications on the incidence of diabetes in our patients with rheumatoid arthritis.We found no difference in these rates based on anti-TNF-␣ exposure.A total of 526 patients with rheumatoid arthritis reported use of at least 1 anti-TNF-␣ agent, for a total of 1776 person-years of exposure to an anti-TNF-␣ drug.Using a Cox time-varying regression model with adjustment for age, sex, race, year of study entry, duration of rheumatoid arthritis, body mass index, Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index, use of methotrexate and hydroxychloroquine, use of prednisone (yes/no), and study site, the hazard ratio for developing diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-␣ medications (etanercept, infliximab, or adalimumab) was 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 0.50-2.21;P = .89).This may be due to the limited person-years of observation for patients taking anti-TNF-␣ medications during this study.Alternatively, it may indicate no difference in diabetes incidence associated with the use of these drugs.
Medical Education, Registration and Hospital Service
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Practical Medicine Series of Year Books, Comprising Ten Volumes of the Year's Progress in Medicine and Surgery, Issued Monthly. Under the General Editorial Charge of Gustavus P. Head, M.D., Professor of Laryngology and Rhinology, Chicago Post-Graduate Medical School.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Overview of randomized trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. Collaborative Group on ACE Inhibitor Trials
Authors: R. Garg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on mortality and morbidity in patients with symptomatic congestive heart failure. <h3>Data Sources and Study Selection.</h3> —Data were obtained for all completed, published or unpublished, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of ACE inhibitors that were at least 8 weeks in duration and had determined total mortality by intention to treat, regardless of sample size. Trials were identified based on literature review and correspondence with investigators and pharmaceutical firms. <h3>Data Extraction.</h3> —Using standard tables, data were extracted by one author and confirmed where necessary by the other author or the principal investigator of the trial. Unpublished data were obtained by direct correspondence with the principal investigator of each study or pharmaceutical firm. <h3>Data Synthesis.</h3> —The data for each outcome were combined using the Yusuf-Peto adaptation of the Mantel-Haenszel method. Overall, there was a statistically significant reduction in total mortality (odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67 to 0.88;<i>P</i>&lt;.001) and in the combined endpoint of mortality or hospitalization for congestive heart failure (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.74;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Similar benefits were observed with several different ACE inhibitors, although the data were largely based on enalapril maleate, captopril, ramipril, quinapril hydrochloride, and lisinopril. Reductions for total mortality and the combined endpoint were similar for various subgroups examined (age, sex, etiology, and New York Heart Association class). However, patients with the lowest ejection fraction appeared to have the greatest benefit. The greatest effect was seen during the first 3 months, but additional benefit was observed during further treatment. The reduction in mortality was primarily due to fewer deaths from progressive heart failure (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.83); point estimates for effects on sudden or presumed arrhythmic deaths (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.12) and fatal myocardial infarction (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.11) were less than 1 but were not significant. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Total mortality and hospitalization for congestive heart failure are significantly reduced by ACE inhibitors with consistent effects in a broad range of patients. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:1450-1456)
Alopecia Associated with Fluconazole Therapy
Authors: Peter G. Pappas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters15 July 1996Alopecia Associated with Fluconazole TherapyPeter G. Pappas, MD, Carol A. Kauffman, MD, and Jack D. Sobel, MDPeter G. Pappas, MDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201Search for more papers by this author, Carol A. Kauffman, MDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201Search for more papers by this author, and Jack D. Sobel, MDUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-2-199607150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Goldsmith's suggestion that the mechanism of fluconazole-induced reversible alopecia may be related to increased endogenous levels of biologically active retinoic acid derivatives associated with an interaction between fluconazole and the P-450 cytochrome system. Moreover, as he suggests, some patients receiving long-term fluconazole therapy develop dry skin and dry lips, adverse effects reminiscent of retinoid toxicity. Unfortunately, we did not measure retinoid metabolite levels in any of these patients. Findings seem to support a viable explanation for fluconazole-associated toxicity, however; further investigation is warranted, given that fluconazole use, particularly at higher doses, has become increasingly common.... References1. Sugar AM, Alsip SC, Galgiani JN, Graybill JR, Dismukes WE, Cloud GA, et al. Pharmacology and toxicity of high-dose ketoconazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987; 31:1874-8. Google Scholar2. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Perfect J, Johnson PC, McKinsey DS, Bamberger DM, et al. Alopecia associated with fluconazole therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:354-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0006Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1996Volume 125, Issue 2Page: 153-154KeywordsAmphotericinAntifungalsFungal diseasesMetabolitesMycosesRetinoic acidRetinoidsToxicity Issue Published: 15 July 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Survival Benefit of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Patients on the Waiting List for Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Sigrid E. Sandner, Georg Wieselthaler, Andreas Zuckermann, Shahrokh Taghavi, Herwig Schmidinger, Richard Pacher, Meinhard Ploner, Guenther Laufer, Ernst Wolner, Michael Grimm
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) effectively reduces sudden cardiac death in patients with severe LV dysfunction. Effect of ICD therapy on total mortality in patients on the waiting list for cardiac transplantation is still uncertain. Methods and Results We retrospectively analyzed 854 unselected consecutive patients (ICD therapy, n=102; 11.9%) on the waiting list for cardiac transplantation between January 1992 and March 2000. Actuarial 12-month total mortality rate on the waiting list was 24.2%; sudden cardiac death was the predominant mode of death (66.7% of total deaths). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed improved survival for ICD (total mortality, 13.2%) compared with non-ICD (total mortality, 25.8%) patients (log rank, P =0.03). No event of sudden death occurred in ICD patients, whereas in non-ICD patients, 12-month sudden death rate was 20.1% ( P =0.0001). Nonsudden death rates did not differ between ICD and non-ICD patients ( P =0.16). A Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated that absence of an ICD was a powerful independent predictor of total mortality ( P =0.02; relative risk, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.16 to 4.17) and sudden cardiac death ( P &lt;0.0001; infinite relative risk) on the waiting list. Conclusions ICD therapy, because it prevents sudden cardiac death, significantly improves survival on the waiting list for cardiac transplantation. The present study supports the use of ICDs as a bridge to transplantation in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death. Prospective randomized trials are needed to evaluate the potential benefit of prophylactic ICD therapy as a bridge to transplantation in all patients on cardiac transplant waiting lists.
Cachexia
Authors: D P Kotler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Cachexia represents the clinical consequence of a chronic, systemic inflammatory response, and its manifestations differ considerably from those of starvation. Although cachexia is classically associated with chronic infections and malignant conditions, some of its elements have been identified in a wide variety of chronic diseases and in aging persons. Cachexia has repeatedly been associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The changes seen in cachexia are multidimensional and highly coordinated. Most obvious is a redistribution of the body's protein content, with preferential depletion of skeletal muscle and an increase in the synthesis of proteins involved in the response to tissue injury—the so-called acute-phase response. The physiologic, metabolic, and behavioral changes of cachexia are tightly regulated by cytokines, which signal the synthesis of acute-phase proteins as well as changes in intermediary metabolism that provide substrate and energy. The metabolic adaptations, notably the increase in the rate of protein degradation, limit the ability of hypercaloric feeding to reverse the depletion of lean mass. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of anabolic and anticatabolic agents to mitigate the loss of skeletal muscle and to improve clinical outcomes in selected circumstances. Preclinical initiatives target the cytokine regulation of protein metabolism. It should be stressed that metabolic manipulation in cachexia could have positive or negative clinical effects, which must be distinguished through appropriate clinical trials.
Olfactory Identification Deficits in First-Episode Psychosis May Predict Patients at Risk for Persistent Negative and Disorganized or Cognitive Symptoms
Authors: Kimberley Good
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: One-third of patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder have a measurable olfactory identification deficit at first examination. The authors studied the relationship of this deficit to symptom remission after 1 year of treatment. Method: Fifty-eight patients naive to antipsychotic medication who entered the Nova Scotia Early Psychosis Program were symptomatically rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (at baseline and 1 year). At baseline, the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) was also completed. Remission was determined for four symptom factors derived from the PANSS (positive, negative, cognitive/disorganized, and anxiety/depression). Patients with and without remission were compared on UPSIT scores. Results: Patients with nonremission of negative and cognitive/disorganized symptoms had significantly lower baseline UPSIT scores compared with pateints with remission. UPSIT scores were unrelated to remission of positive or anxiety/depression symptoms. Conclusions: UPSIT scores can be used to identify patients at risk for persistent negative and disorganized/cognitive symptoms.
ENZYMES OF THE GLYCOLYTIC PATHWAY IN SKIN.
Authors: P. D. MIER, D. W. K. COTTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— An optical technique for the assay of enolase in skin extracts is described. This has been used to confirm the presence of the enzyme in mouse and human skin. Certain properties of the skin enzyme were examined; in its solubility, its pH activity profile, and the degree of inhibition by fluoride in the presence and absence of orthophosphate it was very similar to enolase preparations from yeast and other tissues.
Association News
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Oral bronchodilators containing tartrazine
Authors: R. S. Buswell
Journal: JAMA (1976)

IT IS well documented that many patients with asthma have adverse reactions to aspirin.<sup>1-4</sup>A number of these same patients will have similar reactions to tartrazine (FD and C Yellow No. 5). The incidence of tartrazine sensitivity varies, depending on the study that is reported. Samter and Beers<sup>1</sup>found that 14 of 182 aspirin-sensitive patients were also sensitive to tartrazine (&lt; 8%). In another study,<sup>2</sup>they described 3 of 80 aspirin-sensitive patients who reacted to 25 mg of tartrazine. However, Juhlin et al<sup>5</sup>found that seven of eight aspirin-sensitive patients reacted with asthma, urticaria, or both after 1 to 2 mg of tartrazine. A later article by Michaelsson and Juhlin<sup>6</sup>reported that tartrazine provocation induced objective adverse reactions in 21 of 52 patients with a history of chronic urticaria or angioedema. Moreover, two of these patients had no apparent sensitivity to aspirin. They also noted
Isoniazid Prophylaxis
Authors: Dixie E. Snider
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to call attention to an error in a recent US PREVENTIVE SERVICES TASK FORCE report.<sup>1</sup>The American Thoracic Society and the Centers for Disease Control recommend isoniazid prophylaxis for<i>all</i>infected persons (ie, those with positive tuberculin skin test reactions) less than 35 years of age, not just those with special risk factors as stated in the Task Force report. Infected persons 35 years old or older should receive prophylaxis if they have additional risk factors, such as recent exposure to an individual with tuberculosis, a documented recent skin test conversion (especially if the increase in reaction size is 12 mm or more), a fibrotic lesion on a chest roentgenogram with negative cultures, or one of a variety of medical risk factors such as human immunodeficiency virus infection, silicosis, or gastrectomy.<sup>2</sup> Isoniazid prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing disease and is safe when
Dietary advice
Authors: D. Craddock
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Summary: Four patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) underwent superselective Wada testing with intraarterial amobarbital and lidocaine before embolization. In all four patients, the use of lidocaine detected clinically significant neurologic deficits that amobarbital alone did not, likely because of the pharmacodynamic differences of the two agents. The use of lidocaine with amobarbital for superselective Wada testing in patients with cerebral AVMs may improve the sensitivity and predictive value of this test in the future.
Docetaxel followed by capecitabine as first-line chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer patients: preliminary results
Authors: J. Bayo, J. Salvador, M. Lomas, M. Ruiz, J. Baena, D. Vicente, R. Bernabé, M. Pineda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

854 Background: Docetaxel (D) has been concomitantly administered with capecitabine (C) offering clinical benefit to women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) (ORR: 42%). The aim of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of sequentially administered D plus C as first line treatment in MBC. Methods: Patients ≥ 18 years old with MBC, ECOG performance status (PS) ≤2, HER-2 neu negative, non-chemotherapy naive were included in this prospective, multicentre, non-randomized, phase II study. Three cycles of D (100 mg/m2 d 1) followed by three cycles of C (1250 mg/m2 PO bid d 1–14), were both administered every 3 weeks Results: To date, 18 patients are evaluable for toxicity and 12 for response. Median age 55 years (36–76); PS 0/1: 59%/41%. All patients had previously received neo/adjuvant anthracyclines treatment, 5 of them concomitant with paclitaxel. The most frequent metastatic sites were: nodes 44%, lung 28% and liver 22%. 72% patients had ≥2 metastatic sites. To date, 18 and 12 patients have received D and C cycles, respectively. A total of 75 cycles have been administered: D 45 cycles (median 3, range 1–3)/ C 30 cycles (median 3, range 1–3). Dose reduction per patient: D 33%/ C 25%. Dose delay per patient: D 17%/ C 17%. Median relative dose intensity: D 0.91 (range: 0.75–1.00), C 0.93 (range: 0.26–1.0). D grade III/IV toxicities: mucositis 4/18 (22%), febrile neutropenia 3/18 (17%), asthenia 3/18 (17%), rash 2/18 (11%), infection 1/18 (6%), diarrhea 1/18 (6%), nausea 1/18 (6%). C grade III toxicities: hand foot syndrome 1/12 (8%), nausea 1/12 (8%), anorexia 1/12 (8%). Three patients have dropped up the study: 1 due to D toxicity and 2 for progressive disease after 2nd C cycle. Three out of 12 patients evaluable for overall response reached a complete clinical response and 4 a partial response with an ORR of 58%. Conclusions: These preliminary results show the efficacy of the sequential treatment of D and C that seems to be comparable to the concomitant administration of both drugs with a better toxicity profile. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Comparative pathologic studies of chronic tissue responses to successful stent implantation and balloon angioplasty Katsumi Inoue, Kenji Ando, Shinichi Shirai, Michio Nakanishi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Naoya Hamasaki, Takeshi Kimura, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi. Kokura Memorial Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)