tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurology
Authors: Robert J. Joynt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Advances in molecular genetics marked the major advances last year in neurology; however, major developments also occurred in other areas, particularly in new types of therapy. Late last year, two excellent reviews summarizing advances in the genetics of neurologic diseases were published.<sup>1,2</sup>The unstable trinucleotide repeat continues to turn up as the genetic defect in several inherited neurologic disorders, including Huntington's disease, spinobulbar muscular atrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and spinocerebellar ataxia type 1.<sup>1,2</sup>The number of repeats is related to severity or latency in the different disorders. Late-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) has been associated with a defect on chromosome 19.<sup>3</sup>The defect is linked with apolipoprotein E, which transports cholesterol into the brain. Apolipoprotein E binds with amyloid and is found with amyloid and with the neurofibrillary tangles in the brain of those with Alzheimer's disease. The<i>E4</i>allele of apolipoprotein E is found in 45% of
Statement on hypertension in the elderly. The Working Group on Hypertension in the Elderly
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Research indicates that isolated systolic hypertension, as well as diastolic hypertension, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people over age 65. According to data from the 1976 to 1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of these combined types of hypertension (greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg) is estimated to be 64% in persons aged 65 to 74 years, with an even higher prevalence in blacks (76%) than in whites (63%). Although a number of studies have demonstrated the benefits of antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients, many questions unique to this population remain unanswered. This article addresses several of these issues and presents recommended guidelines on topics such as the pressure at which treatment should be initiated, goal pressure for people over age 65, antihypertensive drugs of choice and appropriate dosages, the accuracy of indirect measurements, side effects specific to elderly patients, and the effect of treatment on the quality of life.
Physostigmine salicylate in the treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdosage
Authors: R. W. Newton
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Following intravenous administration of physostigmine salicylate for tricyclic antidepressant poisoning in 21 patients, convulsions occurred in two patients, and severe cholinergic manifestations occurred in two others. Because of these untoward effects and the very short duration of its beneficial action, it is very doubtful that physostigmine has any place in the routine management of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning. (<i>JAMA</i>231:941-943, 1975)
Individualized developmental care for the very low-birth-weight preterm infant. Medical and neurofunctional effects
Authors: H. Als
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To investigate the effectiveness of individualized developmental care in reducing medical and neurodevelopmental sequelae for very low-birth-weight infants. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Newborn intensive care unit. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Thirty-eight singleton preterm infants, free of known congenital abnormalities, weighing less than 1250 g, born before 30 weeks' gestation, mechanically ventilated within 3 hours of delivery and for more than 24 hours in the first 48 hours, randomly assigned to a control or an experimental group. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Caregiving by nurses specifically trained in individualized developmental care; observation and documentation of the infants' behavior within 12 hours of admission, and subsequently every 10th day; developmental care recommendations and ongoing clinical support for the nurses and parents based on regular observation of the infant by developmental specialists; and the availability of special caregiving accessories. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Medical outcome, including average daily weight gain; number of days the infant required mechanical ventilation, oxygen, gavage tube feeding, and hospitalization; severity of retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumothorax, and intraventricular hemorrhage; pediatric complications; age at discharge; and hospital charges. Neurodevelopmental outcome, including Assessment of Preterm Infants' Behavior scale and quantified electroencephalography (2 weeks after due date); and Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Kangaroo Box Paradigm (9 months after due date). <h3>Results.</h3> —The infants in the experimental group had a significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and supplemental oxygen support; earlier oral feeding; reduced incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage, pneumothorax, and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia; improved daily weight gain; shorter hospital stays; younger ages at hospital discharge; and reduced hospital charges compared with the infants in the control group. At 2 weeks after their due dates, these infants also showed improved autonomic regulation, motor system functioning, self-regulatory abilities, and visual evoked potential measures; and at 9 months, they had improved Bayley Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Index scores, as well as Kangaroo Box Paradigm scores. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Very low-birth-weight preterm infants may benefit from individualized developmental care in the neonatal intensive care unit in terms of medical and neurodevelopmental outcome. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:853-858)
Announcements
Authors: M Bernardi, L Blendis, J Bosch, G Burnstock, L Clapp, C Day, S Fiorucci, R Groszmann, J Henriksen, W Jimenez, D Lebrec, S Lee, J Loscalzo, S Møller, S Moncada, K Moore, R Moreau, F Nevens, D Rockey, V Shah, P Vallance, F Wong
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
The Paradoxical Increase in Cortisol Secretion Induced by Dexamethasone in Primary Pigmented Nodular Adrenocortical Disease Involves a Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Effect of Dexamethasone on Protein Kinase A Catalytic Subunits
Authors: Estelle Louiset, Constantine A. Stratakis, Véronique Perraudin, Kurt J. Griffin, Rossella Libé, Sylvie Cabrol, Bruno Fève, Jacques Young, Lionel Groussin, Jérôme Bertherat, Hervé Lefebvre
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2009)

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) results in most cases from mutations of the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit 1A (PRKAR1A) gene. Patients with PPNAD exhibit a paradoxical increase in cortisol secretion in response to dexamethasone. The aim was to investigate the mechanism of the action of dexamethasone on adrenocortical cells removed from patients with PPNAD and a transgenic model of PPNAD [Tg(tTA/X2AS) mice]. We performed an in vitro study in an academic research laboratory. Eleven patients with histologically proven PPNAD were included in the study. Cultured PPNAD cells were incubated with dexamethasone in the presence of various modulators of the cAMP/PKA pathway and the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist RU486. Cortisol and corticosterone were measured by radioimmunological assays in cell culture supernatants. Dexamethasone stimulated in vitro cortisol secretion from PPNAD tissues in six patients. The stimulatory effect of dexamethasone on cortisol release was not reduced by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 or potentiated by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IMBX and the cAMP analog 8Br-cAMP. Conversely, the PKA inhibitor H89 and RU486 inhibited the cortisol response to dexamethasone. Dexamethasone had no effect on cortisol production from normal human adrenocortical cells but stimulated corticosteroidogenesis in the presence of RU486. Similarly, dexamethasone failed to influence corticosterone release by adrenocortical cells removed from Tg(tTA/X2AS) mice but stimulated corticosteroidogenesis in the presence of RU 486. These results indicate that, in human PPNAD tissues, dexamethasone paradoxically stimulates cortisol release through a glucocorticoid receptor-mediated effect on PKA catalytic subunits.
Abstract 5232: PES1 is highly expressed and its biological function in gastrointestinal tumor
Authors: Qin Feng, Shenyi Lian, Ping Wang, Yue Wang, Zhongwu Li, Chengchao Shou, Tingting Ren, Dongmei Lin
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Nucleolus, one of the most important organelles in cell nuclear of eukaryotic cells, is made of rRNA, rDNA and nucleoproteins. Its main function is rRNA synthetic. PES1 is part of nucleolar protein, and was identified in the mutational study of the embryonic development of Zebrafish. Its main biological functions include forming nucleolus, promoting cell proliferation and regulating cell cycle. A few researches indicate the close relationship between PES1 and tumorigenesis. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of PES1 in tumorigenesis and the possible mechanism. Three specific monoclonal antibodies against PES1 were made through hybridoma technique. Using these antibodies, it is found that PES1 had significantly higher expression in gastric and colon carcinoma than in tumor-adjacent and -distant tissues. Immunohistochemical assay on gastric carcinoma specimens and colon carcinoma specimens indicated that PES1 had significantly higher expression in carcinoma than in tumor-adjacent tissues. Moreover, we demonstrated the localization of PES1 was changed from nucleolus to nucleoplasm significantly under the stimulation of chemotherapeutic drugs and UV. The phenomenon of PES1 translocation in nucleus was weaken in drug-resistant cancer cell lines. These results suggest that the translocation of PES1 in nucleus might be related to DNA damage repair and drug resistance mechanism of cancer cells. In summary, PES1 expression is significantly higher in gastric and colon carcinoma tissue. And dynamic changes of PES1 localization in the cell nucleus is an important biological function and is worth further research. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Qin Feng, Shenyi Lian, Ping Wang, Yue Wang, Zhongwu Li, Chengchao Shou, Tingting Ren, Dongmei Lin. PES1 is highly expressed and its biological function in gastrointestinal tumor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5232.
Association between travel distance and use of postoperative radiation therapy among men with organ-confined prostate cancer: Does geography influence treatment decisions?
Authors: Melaku A Arega, David Yang, Trevor Joseph Royce, Brandon Arvin Virgil Mahal, Edward Christopher Dee, Santino Butler, Sybil Sha, Kent William Mouw, Paul L. Nguyen, Vinayak Muralidhar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2021)

24 Background: Following radical prostatectomy, men with adverse pathologic features or a persistent post-operative detectable PSA are candidates for postoperative radiation therapy (PORT). Previous data have suggested disparities in receipt of adjuvant radiation therapy for adverse pathologic features according to travel distance. Among patients without adverse pathologic features (pT2 disease and negative margins), the main indication for PORT is a persistent post-operative detectable PSA. However, it remains unknown whether the rate of receipt of PORT in this cohort of men with persistently detectable PSA is related to travel distance from the treating facility. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, we identified 287,274 men with prostate cancer diagnosed in 2004-2015 managed with upfront surgery who were found to have pT2 disease with negative surgical margins. Multivariable logistic regression defined adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95CI) of receiving PORT as the primary dependent variable and distance ( &lt; 5, 5-10, 10-20, &gt; 20 miles from the treatment facility) as the primary independent variable. Results: Within our cohort, progressively farther distance from the treatment facility was associated with lower rates of PORT. In patients living &lt; 5 miles, 5-10 miles, 10-20 miles, and &gt; 20 miles from the treating facility, rates of PORT were 1.52% (referent), 1.23% (AOR 0.86, 95CI 0.78-0.96), 1.11% (AOR 0.81, 95CI 0.73-0.90), and 0.65% (AOR 0.43, 95CI 0.38-0.47), respectively (p &lt; 0.005 in pairwise comparisons). Conclusions: For men with localized prostate cancer without adverse pathologic features managed with surgery, increasing distance from treatment facility was associated with lower receipt of PORT. Given that the rate of a persistent post-operative detectable PSA is unlikely to depend on the distance to the treatment facility, these findings raise the possibility that the geographic availability of radiation treatment facilities influences the decision to undergo PORT for patients with persistent post-operative detectable PSA.
Smoking and Death Rates—Report on Forty-four Months of Follow-up of 187,783 Men
Authors: E. Cuyler Hammond
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The death rates from specific causes have been studied in relation to smoking habits in a group of 187,783 men between the ages of 50 and 69. During the period of the study 11,870 of these men died. For microscopically proved cases of cancer as well as for the total cases reported as cancer it was found that the death rates were higher among regular cigarette smokers than among men who never smoked, that the mortality ratio increased with the number of cigarettes smoked per day, and that the death rates were higher among pipe and cigar smokers than among men who never smoked. A total of 7,316 deaths occurred among regular cigarette smokers, an excess of 2,665 over the 4,651 that would have occurred had the age-specific death rates for smokers been equal to that for nonsmokers. Coronary disease accounted for 52.1% of the excess: lung cancer accounted for 13.5% and cancer of other sites likewise for 13.5%. An extremely high association between cigarette smoking and death rates for men with lung cancer was found in rural areas as well as in large cities. The most important finding of this study was the high degree of association between cigarette smoking and the total death rate.
Corresponding Officers of Boards of Medical Examiners in the United States and Its Possessions
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dysphagia and esophageal dilatation
Authors: G. F. Zinninger
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. Zinninger: This 75-year-old white man had been in excellent health all of his life until two months before admission to the hospital when he developed a sensation of food sticking in his midesophagus. He had occasionally vomited undigested food. Results of the physical examination were not remarkable. A barium examination of the esophagus at another hospital showed partial esophageal obstruction (Fig 1). <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. Wyman, do you have any comments on this? Dr. Stanley M. Wyman: There is an irregularity in the wall of the lower esophagus (Fig 2). It seems to be real and rather constant. There is so much retained material in the esophagus, however, that it is difficult to be certain whether or not this irregularity is real or simply the result of adherent material. The examination should be repeated after esophageal lavage. The lower part of the esophagus tapers in a
Catabolism of Plasma Proteins
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nifedipine for hypertensive emergencies
Authors: G. L. Fanning
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As an anesthesiologist in a freestanding ophthalmologic surgery center, I have administered approximately 12 500 peribulbar blocks to patients undergoing cataract surgery during the past 5 years. In my practice, hypertension is a frequently encountered problem (nearly half of my patients are taking medications for hypertension) that I cannot leave untreated. Because of potentially devastating hemorrhagic complications that may accompany peribulbar blocks and intraocular surgery, it is not prudent to begin surgical treatment until the patient's blood pressure is under control. Because more than 90% of the patients with hypertension whom I manage have had blood pressures recorded in the normal range in their physicians' offices during their preoperative evaluations, I cannot justify sending them back to their physicians for more aggressive treatment. Consequently, I have administered oral nifedipine (5-10 mg) to nearly 30% of my patients to maintain their systolic blood pressures at less than 170 mm Hg prior
Osteoarthritis beginning with inflammation. Definitions and correlations
Authors: G. E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A syndrome of acute onset of inflammation over interphalangeal joints heralding deforming osteoarthritis may be intermediate between degenerative and rheumatoid joint diseases. The syndrome appears predominantly in women of menopausal age and is remarkably symmetrical. In a prospective study of 170 propositi, later changes more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis than of generalized or erosive osteoarthritis developed in 15.3%. (<i>JAMA</i>232:157-159, 1975)
Science, Washington
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coated Charcoal Assay of Vitamins, Minerals, Hormones, and Their Binders.
Authors: Victor Herbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Coated Charcoal Assay of Vitamins, Minerals, Hormones, and Their Binders.Victor Herbert, M.D., Kam-Seng Lau, M.D., Chester W. Gottlieb, M.D.Victor Herbert, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kam-Seng Lau, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Chester W. Gottlieb, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1184_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWhile investigating the use of charcoal to separate free vitamin B12 from B12 bound to human serum, it was found that separation could only be achieved when using relatively large quantities of serum. It was demonstrated that uncoated charcoal adsorbs both free and bound B12, but charcoal suspension previously mixed for 10 seconds with albumin or other serum protein is coated with the protein and then acts as a selective adsorbent, taking up only free B12 (a small molecule) and rejecting bound B12 (a large molecule complex).This finding led to development within the past year of a number of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDie Erstellung der konsolidierten BilanzCoated Charcoal Assay of Vitamins, Minerals, Hormones, and Their Binders 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1184-1184KeywordsHormonesSerum albuminSerum proteinsVitamins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
LONDON
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>Annual Report of the Ministry of Health.</h3> —The report of the Ministry of Health for the period, April 1, 1950, to Dec. 31, 1951, has been published. The gross cost of the National Health Service in 1950-1951 was £398,279,153, compared with £387,587,243 in 1949-1950 and £241,439,787 in the first nine months of the service (July, 1948, to March, 1949). The estimated gross expenditure for 1951-1952 is £417,384,700. The number of available hospital beds rose from 448,057 in 1949 to 461,892 in 1951. The number of inpatients in these two years was 2,936,980 and 3,259,214, and the number of new outpatients was 6,147,825 and 6,298,746. Full-time nursing and midwifery staffs increased from 125,752 in 1949 to 136,210 in 1951; the comparable numbers for part-time staffs were 23,060 and 25,756. Full-time consultants rose in number from 1,310 in 1949 to 1,605 in 1951, the comparable numbers for their part-time colleagues being 23,060