tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review: Sodium Bicarbonate Treatment Regimens for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy
Authors: Sophia Zoungas, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Rachel Huxley, Alan Cass, Meg Jardine, Martin Gallagher, Anushka Patel, Ali Vasheghani-Farahani, Gelareh Sadigh, Vlado Perkovic
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Intravenous sodium bicarbonate has been proposed to reduce the risk for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). Purpose: To determine the effect of sodium bicarbonate on the risk for CIN. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1950 to December 2008; conference proceedings; and ClinicalTrials.gov, without language restriction. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials of intravenous sodium bicarbonate that prespecified the outcome of CIN as a 25% increase in baseline serum creatinine level or an absolute increase of 44 μmol/L (0.5 mg/dL) after radiocontrast administration. Data Extraction: Using standardized protocols, 2 reviewers serially abstracted data for each study. Data Synthesis: 23 published and unpublished trials with information on 3563 patients and 396 CIN events were included. The pooled relative risk was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.86), with evidence of significant heterogeneity across studies (I 2 = 49.1%; P = 0.004). Some heterogeneity was due to the difference in the estimates between published and unpublished studies: relative risk, 0.43 (CI, 0.25 to 0.75) versus 0.78 (CI, 0.52 to 1.17), respectively. Meta-regression showed that small, poor-quality studies that assessed outcomes soon after radiocontrast administration were more likely to suggest benefit (P < 0.05 for all). No clear effects of treatment on the risk for dialysis, heart failure, and total mortality were identified. Limitation: Power to assess clinical end points was limited. Conclusion: The effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate treatment to prevent CIN in high-risk patients remains uncertain. Earlier reports probably overestimated the magnitude of any benefit, whereas larger, more recent trials have had neutral results. Large multicenter trials are required to clarify whether sodium bicarbonate has value for prevention of CIN before routine use can be recommended. Primary Funding Source: None.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Scotland in First QuarterThe birth rate in Scotland during the first quarter of 1964 was 20.2 per 1,000 population, and it was the same as in the preceding first quarter but 0.2 above the average of the five preceding March quarters.The infant mortality rate was 27 and the neonatal mortality rate was 17 per 1,000 registered live births.Both these rates were the lowest recorded for a first quarter and were 2 below the rates for the preceding March quarter.The death rate, 12.7 per 1,000 population, was the lowest for any recent first quarter and was 3.4 below the rate for 1963 and 2.3 below the average.The number of deaths from respiratory tuberculosis was only 95.This number was 76 fewer than in the first quarter of 1963, but the 16 deaths from other forms of tuberculosis were 11 more than in the preceding first quarter.Deaths from cancer numbered 3,006, a rise of 187 in the 1963 figures.Deaths from cancer of the respiratory tract rose by 44 to 766.The deaths from motor-vehicle accidents reached a very high level at 200, and were 63 more than in the first quarter of 1963.Fatal accidents in the home numbered 359 and were 69 fewer than in the preceding first quarter.
Hyoscyamine for a Slow Ventricular Response During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Scott A. Helgeson, Edson J. Mwakyanjala, Pragnesh P. Parikh, K.L. Venkatachalam
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2019)

Letters21 May 2019Hyoscyamine for a Slow Ventricular Response During Atrial FibrillationScott A. Helgeson, MD, Edson J. Mwakyanjala, MD, Pragnesh P. Parikh, MD, and K.L. Venkatachalam, MDScott A. Helgeson, MDMayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (S.A.H., E.J.M., P.P.P., K.V.)Search for more papers by this author, Edson J. Mwakyanjala, MDMayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (S.A.H., E.J.M., P.P.P., K.V.)Search for more papers by this author, Pragnesh P. Parikh, MDMayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (S.A.H., E.J.M., P.P.P., K.V.)Search for more papers by this author, and K.L. Venkatachalam, MDMayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (S.A.H., E.J.M., P.P.P., K.V.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L19-0093 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Gupta's observations about degenerative conduction system disease. However, we thoroughly searched PubMed and Medline and found no evidence that dabigatran may cause bradycardia. To our knowledge, this adverse effect has not been reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. We concur that administration of hyoscyamine 4 times daily can be problematic and would consider twice-daily administration of a long-acting formulation of this agent. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida (S.A.H., E.J.M., P.P.P., K.V.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L18-0037. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoHyoscyamine for a Slow Ventricular Response During Atrial Fibrillation Scott A. Helgeson , Edson J. Mwakyanjala , Pragnesh P. Parikh , and K.L. Venkatachalam Hyoscyamine for a Slow Ventricular Response During Atrial Fibrillation Neelesh Gupta Metrics 21 May 2019Volume 170, Issue 10Page: 735KeywordsAtrial fibrillationBradycardiaDisclosureFood and Drug AdministrationSystemic diseases ePublished: 21 May 2019 Issue Published: 21 May 2019 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2019 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Incorrect Wording and Data Presentation and Omitted Acknowledgment
Authors: Chun-Su Yuan, Joseph Foss
Journal: JAMA (2000)

methylnaltrexone levels.Mean (SD [range]) peak plasma level for the other 4 patients (1 from the 1.0 mg/kg group and 3 from the 3.0 mg/kg group) was 17.8 (6.6 [10-26]) ng/mL.Comment.Tertiary opioid antagonists, such as naloxone, cross the blood-brain barrier and reverse both the pain-relieving benefits and the adverse effects of opiates.Although oral naloxone may relieve opioid-induced constipation, the therapeutic index is very narrow, 5 and naloxone may induce opioid withdrawal symptoms.Many patients receiving opioid pain medications face a difficult choice between burdensome adverse effects or ineffective analgesia.Methylnaltrexone may allow for more aggressive use of opioid analgesics with fewer adverse effects.The low methylnaltrexone plasma levels observed in our study suggest that this charged compound acts directly in the gut.Oral methylnaltrexone has potential clinical utility in managing opioidinduced constipation with minimal adverse effects.
In This Issue
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2020)

consumption of vegetables, legumes, cereal products, fi sh, meat, dairy products, olive oil, and alcohol.When analyzing their data, the researchers adjusted for age and the main potential confounders, including smoking.The investigators found that, among eversmokers, a higher Mediterranean diet adherence score was associated with a decreased risk of RA (hazard ratio 0.91 for a 1-point increase in score).Additionally, in eversmokers, the absolute risks of RA in those with high scores and those with low scores were 38.3 and 51.5 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, compared with 35.8 per 100,000 person-years in never-smokers with high Mediterranean diet scores.
Anatomy in Its Relation to Art. An Exposition of the Bones and Muscles of the Human Body with Especial Reference to Their Influence Upon Its Actions and External Form.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Occupational Asthma From a Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Chemical
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CRIMINAL MORPHOMANIA.
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparison of hepatocellular carcinoma between the current decade and the past - a study of 3,013 cases
Authors: Miao-Shan Lim, Boon Bee George Goh, Pik Eu Jason Chang, Jee-Keem Low, Vishalkumar Grishchandra Shelat, Wei-Huey Terence Cheong, Yock-Young Dan, Alfred Kow, Shridhar Iyer, Poh-Seng Tan, Sameer Padmakumar Junnarkar, Chee-Kiat Tan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Update: Influenza Activity—Worldwide, March-August 1997
Journal: JAMA (1997)

During the October 1996-March 1997 influenza epidemic season, influenza activity was moderate to severe in the Northern Hemisphere. In Europe, Japan, and North America, influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominated, but influenza B viruses were more commonly isolated by the end of the season. In contrast, in some countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) region of Asia (e.g., China, Iran, and Israel), influenza B viruses were isolated more frequently than influenza A(H3N2) viruses. Influenza A(H1N1) viruses were isolated infrequently worldwide, except in Europe, where 14 countries reported sporadic isolations, and a late-season outbreak in April affected children in the Czech Republic. Since March 1997, influenza activity has increased in the Southern Hemisphere, and outbreaks and epidemic level activity have been associated with both influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B viruses. This report summarizes worldwide influenza activity during March-August 1997, as reported through WHO, the WHO international network of collaborating laboratories, and U.S. state and local health departments, and characterizes influenza isolates collected during March-July.
Training in clinical pharmacology and experimental therapeutics
Authors: J. H. Moyer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

An unfortunate academic perspective concerning L therapeutics has been carried over from the past into the present. Many of our outstanding medical schools maintain the attitude that pathophysiology of medical diseases and the art and science of diagnosis are all-important in medical education, and that "any fool can treat." This may have been appropriate 40 years ago, when effective therapeutic agents were indeed few in number, but the concept is hardly applicable today. With the development of new and potent agents, the administration of these agents must become as specific and precise as the surgeon's knife, if maximum therapeutic benefit is to be obtained. An even more unfortunate corollary is the attitude of some who take great pride in considering themselves "therapeutic nihilists." Among these are a number of academicians who, by virtue of their position, have great influence on their students. As a result, many of our newly graduated
Correction to: Phase III trial comparing 3–6 months of adjuvant FOLFOX4/XELOX in stage II–III colon cancer: safety and compliance in the TOSCA trial
Authors: S. Lonardi, A. Sobrero, G. Rosati, M. Di Bartolomeo, M. Ronzoni, G. Aprile, B. Massida, M. Scartozzi, M. Banzi, M.G. Zampino, F. Pasini, P. Marchetti, M. Cantore, A. Zaniboni, L. Rimassa, L. Ciuffreda, D. Ferrari, S. Barni, V. Zagonel, E. Maiello, E. Rulli, R. Labianca
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
RACIAL MORTALITY
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Young Doctors
Authors: Bruno Rushforth
Journal: BMJ (2004)

ITV 1, Mondays at 10 pm from 12 July to 16 August Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img> My medical school was always keen to remind us that passing yourself off as a doctor was a serious offence. But this six part fly-on-the-wall documentary series, following a group of third year medical students at Southampton University as they start their clinical training, has no such qualms about pretending to be something above its station. This series opts for the sexy title Young … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
A phase I dose-escalation trial with the new redox activated compound sodium <i>trans</i>-[tetrachlorobis(1 <i>H</i>-indazole)ruthenate(III)]/indazolhydrochloride (1:1.1) (FFC14A) in patients with solid tumors - a CESAR study
Authors: M. E. Scheulen, B. Kynast, U. Jaehde, R. A. Hilger, E. Scheuch, V. Arion, P. Kupsch, M. M. Henke, C. Dittrich, B. K. Keppler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2101 Background: A phase I trial was initiated with the new ruthenium(III) complex FFC14A, which was selected for clinical trials due to its differential profile regarding antitumor activity and toxicity in animal models compared to several other new ruthenium compounds. The unique biological characteristics of FFC14A are based on its ability to use transferrin, the natural iron transport protein, for a targeted delivery of the agent towards transferrin receptor over-expressing tumor cells in vivo and subsequently higher concentrations accumulating in the target tissue. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of this new agent can be attributed to its induction of apoptosis and a change of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Methods: FFC14A is under investigation in patients with advanced solid tumors. It is administered as intravenous infusion twice a week over three weeks. The clinical trial started with a dose of 25 mg. Dose escalation will be performed according to an accelerated dose titration design with dose escalation of 100 % during the early phase of the trial. Ruthenium (Ru) concentrations in plasma were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Results: Preclinically, the MTD after intravenous administration was determined in mice and rats to be 58.8 mg/kg and 42.0 mg/kg, respectively. The no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) in the 28-day toxicity study was determined to be 0.84 mg/kg FFC14A in rats and 1.05 mg/kg (3.36 mg/kg) in male (female) mice, respectively. The first patient treated with 25 mg FFC14A tolerated the six applications well without any side effect. The preliminary evaluation of the pharmacokinetic parameters in a 2-compartment-model resulted in a terminal half-life (t1/2) of 78 h at a volume of distribution at steady state (Vss) of 32 L for protein-bound Ru in plasma. Conclusion: Long t1/2 and low Vss may reflect a long circulation of a FFC14A-transferrin-complex in plasma which will be analyzed within the ongoing study. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
MICHIGAN CHECKS DISREPUTABLE ADVERTISING.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Germinal Centers
Authors: I. C.M. MacLennan
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1994)

Germinal centers develop in the B cell follicles of secondary lymphoid tissues during T cell-dependent (TD) antibody responses. The B cells that give rise to germinal centers initially have to be activated outside follicles, in the T cell-rich zones in association with interdigitating cells and T cell help. After immunization with a single dose of protein-based antigen, the germinal centers formed are oligoclonal; on average three B blasts colonize each follicle. These blasts undergo massive clonal expansion and activate a site-directed hypermutation mechanism that acts on their immunoglobulin-variable (Ig-v)-region genes. Mature germinal centers are divided into dark and light zones. The proliferating blasts, centroblasts, occupy the dark zone and give rise to centrocytes that are not in cell cycle and fill the light zone. The light zone contains a rich network of follicular dendritic cells (FDC) that have the capacity to take up antigen and hold this on their surface for periods of more than a year. The antigen is held as an immune complex in a native unprocessed form; but the antigen may be taken up from FDC by B cells, which can process this and present it to T cells. Centrocytes appear to be selected by their ability to interact with antigen held on FDC. There is a high death rate among centrocytes in vivo, and when these cells are isolated in vitro, they undergo apoptosis within hours on culture. The onset of apoptosis can be delayed by cross-linking centrocytes' surface Ig, and long-term survival is achieved by signalling through their surface CD40. After activation through CD40 the centrocytes increase their surface Ig and acquire characteristics of memory and processing of antigen held on FDC and its presentation to T cells that can be induced to express CD40 ligand at the point of cognate interaction. Other signals that induce a proportion of germinal center cells to become plasma cells have also been described. Germinal centers persist for about 3 weeks following immunization, but after this, memory B blasts continue to proliferate in follicles throughout the months of T cell-dependent antibody responses. These cells are probably the source of plasma cells and memory cells required to maintain long-term antibody production and memory after the first 3 weeks of T cell-dependent antibody responses.