tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on serum liver enzymes and bile acid metabolism in chronic active hepatitis: A dose-response study
Authors: A Crosignani
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid administration on liver function tests and on bile acid metabolism was investigated in 18 patients with chronic active hepatitis. Three different doses of ursodeoxycholic acid—250 mg, 500 mg and 750 mg—were administered daily to each patient for consecutive 2-mo periods. The order of doses was randomly assigned according to a replicated Latin-square design. A significant decrease in serum transaminases and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase occurred with the lowest dose of ursodeoxycholic acid, which corresponded to 4 mg/kg body wt/day, and no further significant decrease with the higher doses was seen. Biliary bile acid composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. At entry the relative proportions of major bile acids were similar, to those observed in normal individuals. During treatment the mean percentage of ursodeoxycholic acid in bile (22% with the 250 mg dose, 32% with the 500 mg dose and 34% with the 750 mg dose) was lower than values previously reported for patients with gallstones and normal liver function. The major bile acids were cholic, chenodeoxycholic and deoxycholic acids. A number of unusual bile acids were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, but these accounted for only 3% to 5% of the total and did not change during ursodeoxycholic acid therapy. No correlation between the improvement in liver function tests and the percentage of ursodeoxycholic acid in bile existed. These data suggest that even a slight enrichment of bile with ursodeoxycholic acid, as is attained with 250 mg/day, is effective in improving biochemical markers of liver function in patients with chronic active hepatitis. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;13:339–344).
Alcohol myopathy. Diagnosis by alcohol challenge
Authors: R. Spector
Journal: JAMA (1979)

MANY agents, including drugs and alcohol, can cause rhabdomyopathy.<sup>1</sup>Alcoholic myopathy may have a varied presentation and is classified as acute, subacute, or chronic.<sup>2-6</sup>Acute or subacute alcoholic myopathy is related to the ingestion of excessive amounts of alcohol and generally characterized by diffuse or focal tenderness and muscle cramps.<sup>2-6</sup>The serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) activity is elevated, and muscle biopsy specimens frequently show a nonspecific pattern with degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers.<sup>2-7</sup>Chronic alcoholic myopathy is characterized by proximal muscle weakness with minimal, nonspecific changes on muscle biopsy specimens.<sup>2,3,5</sup>Even in healthy volunteers receiving a nutritious diet supplemented with vitamins, 225 g of alcohol ingested daily for three weeks caused slight elevations in serum CPK activity and minimal but definite abnormalities on muscle biopsy specimens.<sup>8</sup> We present a case of a young man with a puzzling myopathy. After alengthy examination with nonspecific findings, a diagnostic alcohol challenge disclosed
Diagnostic Laparotomy and Splenectomy for Staging Hodgkin's Disease.
Authors: Stanley Lowenbraun
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1970Diagnostic Laparotomy and Splenectomy for Staging Hodgkin's Disease.Stanley Lowenbraun, M.D., Harold Ramsey, M.D., John Sutherland, M.D., Arthur A. Serpick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Stanley Lowenbraun, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Harold Ramsey, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John Sutherland, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Arthur A. Serpick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-801_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe rational use of potentially curative radiotherapy in Hodgkin's disease is dependent upon an exact determination of disease location. Current diagnostic methods of detecting abdominal disease are known to be of limited accuracy. In an effort to more accurately determine the extent of abdominal disease, diagnostic laparotomies and splenectomies were performed on 12 Hodgkin's disease patients. Preoperatively, these patients were staged (based on the recommendations of the Rye Conference, 1966) as follows: two were II-A, seven were III-A, and three were III-B. Four out of nine abnormal lymphangiograms were uncorroborated by surgical findings and biopsies, as was one positive inferior... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 801-801KeywordsBiopsyHodgkin lymphomaLaparotomySplenectomy Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Opportunities for improved end-of-life (EOL) care for adult patients with advanced cancer: Results of a longitudinal assessment of care provided by Quality Oncology Practice Initiative (QOPI) participants.
Authors: David W. Dougherty, Pamela Kadlubek, Trang Pham, Craig Earle, Jennifer Malin, Larry Breathwaite, Joseph O. Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

132 Background: End of life care of patients with advanced cancer has received recent attention because of evidence of widespread variation in utilization of aggressive therapies and interventions and possible suboptimal use of palliative care and hospice services. QOPI, the ASCO sponsored quality assessment program, has been available to all United States physician members since January 2006 and has assessed EOL care since its inception. The current analysis explores whether the increased national focus on EOL and increased availability of palliative care and hospice services has resulted in improvements in EOL care as reported by QOPI participants. Methods: Data was aggregated across all EOL care quality measures for 9 sequential semi-annual QOPI collection periods from 2008 through 2012. Trends were analyzed among rates of eligible patients related to hospice enrollment and timing of enrollment, palliative care referrals, discussions about hospice and palliative care, and chemotherapy administration at the end of life. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was performed to determine the significance of trends and differences in measure performance over time. Results: From Fall 2008 to Fall 2012, the rate of hospice enrollment for appropriate patients improved by 7.4% [51.8% to 59.2%; p&lt;0.0001] and the rate of hospice enrollment or palliative care referral improved by 5.6% [63.3% to 68.9%; p&lt;0.0001]. Modest improvements were seen in the rates of hospice enrollment more than 3 and 7 days before death [2.8%, 2.6%], discussion of hospice or palliative care with patients not referred for these services within the last 2 months of life [2.7% increase; 19% to 21.7%], and chemotherapy administration within the last 2 weeks of life [2.4% improvement from 13.7% to 11.3%]. Conclusions: Despite modest increases in the rate of hospice enrollment and palliative care referrals over time, EOL care for adult patients with cancer associated with QOPI practices remains suboptimal. Opportunities exist to increase more meaningful participation in hospice and palliative care and to reduce exposure to chemotherapy near death.
164TiP Phase I study of LOXO-101, a selective TRK inhibitor, in pediatric patients with cancer
Authors: T.W. Laetsch, R. Nagasubramanian, S.G. Dubois, L. Mascarenhas, D. Hawkins, N. Shukla, B. Turpin, S. Smith, M. Reynolds, S. Cruickshank, L. Donahue, M.C. Cox, A. Pappo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Gynecologic Endocrinology
Authors: Irwin E. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The third edition of<i>Gynecologic Endocrinology</i>is more than 200 pages longer than the previous edition and now totals more than 900 pages. There has been at least a corresponding increment in the quality of the contributions and the book can be definitely recommended. It is organized into eight major parts with 44 chapters, and the list of contributors is long and distinguished. Part 1 deals with recent developments in the investigation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis from a basic science point of view with related clinical developments. Several chapters in part 2 relate to the pharmacology and physiology of hormones, providing a good summary of recent information describing the basic properties of steroid hormone receptors, mechanisms of hormone action, hormonal physiology of the ovary and placenta, and thyroidgonadal relationships. Parts 3 and 4 contain extensive information on the evaluation and therapy of menstrual disorders. This section includes a chapter on
Book Review Cardiovascular-Renal Disease: A clinicopathologic correlalation study emphasizing the importance of ophthalmoscopy . By Lawrence W. Smith, M.D., Edward Weiss, M.D., Walter I. Lillie, M.D., Frank W. Konzelmann, M.D., and Edwin S. Gault, M.D. 4°, cloth, 277 pp., with 35 plates (76 illustrations) and 8 tables. New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company, Inc., 1940. $4.50.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1940)
Screening
Authors: Barbara A. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

What are inborn errors of metabolism, and can newborn infants with these disorders be identified and treated with a favorable outcome? Only three decades ago these were common questions asked by the medical community. Today the basic answers are vaguely familiar even to the layperson. Screening newborn infants and identifying those with inherited metabolic disorders require a team approach by physician and nonphysician scientists, skilled technologists, and public health workers—a process constituting "laboratory medicine on a mass scale in the public area."<sup>1</sup>Newborn screening routinely identifies infants with metabolic disturbances such as phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism. By detecting rare disorders early enough, their associated long-term complications, especially neurological deficits, can be reduced. If affected infants are identified within the first few weeks of life, their quality of life can be dramatically improved by recommended therapeutic interventions. Earlier detection of a larger number of genetic and nongenetic congenital disorders is
Experimental Experience with a Micromodule Pacemaker Receiver Sutured Directly to the Left Ventricle
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is the chemoattractant chemerin a natural tumor-suppressive cytokine?
Authors: R. K. Pachynski, B. Zabel, N. Tejeda, E. Butcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

e13025 Background: Infiltration of specialized immune cells regulates the growth and survival of neoplasia. Chemerin, a recently described chemoattractant, attracts natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cell subsets, immunocytes implicated in tumor responses. Analyses of public gene expression databases revealed that chemerin mRNA is significantly downregulated in malignant melanoma, lung, breast, and prostate adenocarcinomas, and colon adenomas compared to their normal tissue or cell counterparts, suggesting that chemerin might be a tumor suppressive cytokine. Methods: We used mouse xenografts to evaluated the effect of chemerin on tumor growth. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate effect of chemerin on tumor proliferation. In vivo studies evaluated both constitutive secretion from transfected tumor cells and intratumoral injections of chemerin. FACS analysis of tumors were performed on chemerin-treated tumors. Depletion studies were also performed. Results: Consistent with a suppressive role, stable transfection with chemerin inhibited the growth of transplantable mouse melanoma and breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. Growth inhibition was seen in vivo but not in cell culture, suggesting that tumor-expressed chemerin modifies the host response. Chemerin-expressing melanomas and breast adenocarcinomas had enhanced infiltration by leukocytes including natural killer cells, and growth inhibition was abrogated by NK cell depletion. Growth suppression was also lost in mice deficient in the leukocyte chemerin receptor, CMKLR1. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of tumor-expressed chemerin could be recapitulated in un-transfected neoplasia by intratumoral injection of the active chemoattractant protein, suggesting the potential for therapeutic application. Conclusions: In sum, chemerin is an endogenous tumor suppressive chemoattractant cytokine whose downregulation in neoplasia may contribute to immune evasion and enhanced tumor growth.
Correction: End-of-Life Care Paper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Corrections20 June 2000Correction: End-of-Life Care PaperFREESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-12-200006200-00038 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The recent paper written for the American College of Physicians–American Society of Internal Medicine End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel on intractable terminal suffering (1) was incorrectly identified as a “Position Paper.” The paper should have appeared under the heading “Academia and Clinic,” as was done for the other papers in the series on end-of-life care. The views expressed in this paper do not represent official College policy.Reference1. Quill TE, Byock IR. Responding to intractable terminal suffering: the role of terminal sedation and voluntary refusal of food and fluids. The ACP–ASIM End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:408-14. LinkGoogle Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoResponding to Intractable Terminal Suffering: The Role of Terminal Sedation and Voluntary Refusal of Food and Fluids Timothy E. Quill , Ira R. Byock , and Publication of Papers on Assisted Suicide and Terminal Sedation Frank Davidoff Metrics 20 June 2000Volume 132, Issue 12Page: 1011 Issue Published: 20 June 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lumbar Puncture Headache May Be Psychosomatic
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Palindrome
Authors: Paula Tatarunis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Ad Libitum6 July 1999A PalindromePaula Tatarunis, MDPaula Tatarunis, MDNewton, MA 02167 (Tatarunis)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Ignaz Semmelweis,who cut the maternal death ratein the Allgemeines Krankenhausobstetrical wardfrom 18 to 1.2 percentby insisting that the doctorswash their handsbefore and aftereach exam and delivery,so outraged his colleaguesby his findingsthat they hounded himback to Budapestwhere he wroteDie Aetiology der Begriffund die Prophylaxis des Kindbedfiebersand, in 1865, died of sepsisin an insane asylum,a brokenman.In Brockelman's Market,a women, pregnant,her blouse a colorbetween faded yellowand yellowed white,between spit-up milkand rebleached diapers,a tired woman, who, soon,for the sixth time, won'tdie of childbed fever,is buying warmwhiterolls. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Newton, MA 02167 (Tatarunis)Congratulations to Paula Tatarunis, MD, of Newton, Massachusetts, winner of the 1998 Annals Poetry Prize. Dr. Tatarunis's poem, originally titled “Two Germans” and since renamed “A Palindrome,” was published in the 1 May 1998 issue of Annals (vol. 128, no. 9) and is reprinted here. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 1Page: 36KeywordsDeath ratesFeversMilkPregnancyProphylaxisSepsis Issue Published: 6 July 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The State of Basic Surgical Training in the UK: Ophthalmology as a Case Example
Authors: M P Watson, M G Boulton, A Gibson, P I Murray, M J Moseley, A R Fielder
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Concern is being expressed about the state of basic surgical training in the context of growing demands to improve service provision in the National Health Service. Taking ophthalmology as a case example, we sent questionnaires to all 466 senior house officers (SHOs) in recognized surgical training posts in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The main outcome measures were intraocular surgery performed in the previous two weeks and since starting as an SHO in ophthalmology; access to protected teaching time or cases on theatre lists; and supervision during surgery. Phakoemulsification, the most common type of cataract surgery, was used as a generic indicator of intraocular procedures. 314 (67%) of the SHOs responded. Of those working in the hospital in the previous two weeks, 50% had performed at least one component part of a phakoemulsification (phako) operation and 44% had performed at least one full phako operation. The average number of full phako operations done per week was 0.741. 77% reported some protected surgical teaching time over the two weeks and those with protected teaching time reported more full phako operations per week. Of those who had performed at least one surgical procedure in the previous two weeks, 79% had been supervised by a consultant. Of those who had completed two or more years’ training as an SHO, only 42% met the Royal College of Ophthalmologists minimum requirement of 50 complete intraocular operations performed under supervision. Women were less likely than men, and SHOs in district general hospitals were less likely than those in teaching hospitals, to have achieved this target. As many as half the SHOs in ophthalmology are not receiving an adequate basic surgical training. If this continues it may prove difficult to train sufficient new surgeons to an acceptable standard to meet the increasing demands of an ageing population. This is not an issue for ophthalmology alone but for all surgical specialties.
Efficacy of feverfew as prophylactic treatment of migraine
Authors: D M Hylands, P J Hylands, E S Johnson, N P Kadam, K D MacRae
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Dr Winton's advice to confine ourselves to currently available contraceptives would be appropriate if the existing methods were com- pletely effective and entirely free from side effects, but, unfortunately, this is not the case.
Endothelin enhances the contractile responsiveness of adult rat ventricular myocytes to calcium by a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

An error was made in the composition of Fig. 4, which illustrates intracellular calcium transients and contractility in an isolated adult rat cardiac myocyte exposed to a continuous infusion of 100 pM endothelin-1.The data for fura-2 emission spectra excited at 340/380 nm, representing baseline, preendothelin intracellular calcium activity shown in panel A, was inadvertently duplicated in panel F, which should have represented the fura-2 emission spectrum at 9 min after exposure to endothelin.The data for intracellular calcium transients are correct, as originally published, in panels A-E.The insets showing the contractile response of the cells are correct in every panel (including panel F).In reviewing the original data at the 9-min time point, neither the peak value for the 340/380 ratio at the height ofeach calcium transient nor the diastolic value were different compared to the other time points illustrated.Thus, these data support other evidence in the manuscript that in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes endothelin-1, at concentrations at or below 1 nM, increases contractility without a detectable rise in intracellular calcium.Nevertheless, we apologize for this avoidable error in composing Fig. 4 of our manuscript.