tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery and AIDS. Reducing the risk
Authors: J. L. Gerberding
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The cumulative risk of occupationally acquired infection after exposure of surgical personnel to blood is dependent on three factors: (1) the frequency and types of hazardous exposure encountered, (2) the risk of infection transmission associated with discrete exposures, and (3) the prevalence of blood-borne infections in the surgical patient population. In this issue, Panlilio et al<sup>1</sup>provide descriptive data quantifying the frequency and types of intraoperative exposure encountered at Grady Memorial Hospital, Atlanta, Ga. Their findings are remarkably consistent with the results of similar studies reported from San Francisco, Calif, and Albuquerque, NM.<sup>2,3</sup>Together, data from these three studies demonstrate unequivocally that occupational exposure to blood is a frequent occurrence. The data also provide strong evidence that a significant proportion of surgical exposures can and should be prevented. In the reported observational studies, percutaneous blood exposure occurred in 1.7% to 4.9% of surgical cases.<sup>1-3</sup>Estimating the risk
THE ANTITOXIN TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Programmed medical history-taking with or without computer
Authors: I. F. Kanner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A practical and economical method of obtaining a patient's past history and system review has been developed. The programmed medical history (PMH) can be used in any physician's office without special equipment. A programmed self-administered questionnaire containing about 935 questions is used. Since branching techniques are employed, a patient who is well might answer as few as 221 questions. Completion time for the patient averages 40 minutes. Patients readily accept the questionnaire. A print-out of all positive information, arranged in traditional format, is made by the secretary in 12 to 20 minutes. The history obtained is of good quality, and only takes the physician a few moments to read. An internist can save from 20 to 25 minutes of his time for each complete workup by using the PMH.
Experiences of a battalion medical officer in the retreat to Dunkirk: IV.
Authors: R Doll
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The loss of tolerance and the presence of circulating autoantibodies directed against nuclear Ags is the hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Many of these Ags are complexed with short, noncoding RNAs, such as U1 and Y1. The amount of U1 and Y1 RNA complexed with SLE patient Abs and immune complexes was measured in a cross-section of 228 SLE patients to evaluate the role of these RNA molecules within the known biochemical framework of SLE. The study revealed that SLE patients had significantly elevated levels of circulating U1 and/or Y1 RNA compared with healthy volunteers. In addition, the blood-borne RNA molecules were correlated with SLE disease activity and increased expression of IFN-inducible genes. To our knowledge, this study provides the first systematic examination of the role of circulating RNA in a large group of SLE patients and provides an important link with IFN dysregulation.
EARLY REFERENCES TO CANCER
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Osier
Authors: George Pickering
Journal: JAMA (1969)

William Osler spent the last 15 years of his life at Oxford, from his arrival in May 1905 until his death at 4:30 on the afternoon of Dec 29, 1919. His funeral was in the Chapel and Cathedral at Christ Church on the afternoon of Jan 1, 1920. The Regius Chair of Medicine to which Osler was invited is an ancient and honorific office. It was one of the chairs founded by King Henry VIII in 1546. It ranks as the second or third senior chair in the University, the senior chair being the Regius Chair of Divinity, the next two being those of Civil Law and Medicine. Osler's immediate predecessor was Sir John Burdon Sanderson, who had been the first Professor of Physiology in the University. Sanderson had been preceded by Sir Henry Acland, who had been instrumental in the resurrection of science in Oxford in the mid nineteenth
Book Review Bronchoscopy, Esophagoscopy, and Gastroscopy. A Manual of Peroral Endoscopy and Laryngeal Surgery . By Chevalier Jackson and Chevalier L. Jackson. Third Edition, Reset with 225 illustrations and 15 color plates. 485 pp. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company. $9.00.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1934)
Closing the case in JAMA on the John F. Kennedy autopsy
Authors: G. D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

On May 27, 1992,<i>JAMA</i>published detailed and objective recollections of J. T. Boswell, MD, and James J. Humes, MD, the principal pathologists who performed the autopsy on President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, and several Dallas physicians who cared for the President.<sup>1,2</sup>This report by Dennis L. Breo, which generally supported the findings of the Warren Commission, received worldwide media coverage and drew an enormous response. See also pp 1681 and 1748. I am pleased that a great deal of the reaction strongly supported the pathologists' findings and the<i>JAMA</i>report, which has withstood an onslaught of criticism from numerous conspiracy theorists. Three legitimate questions remain: Why did the third autopsy pathologist (and wound ballistics expert) Pierre Finck, MD, not participate in the interview, and what would have been his response? Was there really a 29-year silence on the part of these physicians that was first broken by JAMA in
Editoral: Cough suppressants for children.
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Cough suppressants for childrenWhen asked to treat the cough of a child or adult, the first step is not to prescribe medicine but to determine the cause.Much the commonest cause of an acute cough in a child is a cold, with pharyngitis or tracheobronchitis or a postnasal discharge.The postnasal discharge is often the most annoying result of a cold.The child has little if any cough by day but coughs continually when he lies down at night to try to go to sleep.A postnasal discharge may also result from adenoids or an antrum infection.Most recurrent coughs, if not due to colds, are allergic in origin; some may be due to viral bronchitis.'An acute cough which repeatedly makes the child sick and is worse at night is probably a symptom of pertussis.An acute cough may result from an inhaled foreign body, and it is a mistake to assume that in such cases the coughing always has a sudden onset.The cough may be delayed until pneumonitis develops, or there may be only a wheeze, as in 106 of a series of 230 cases of inhaled foreign bodies.2A chronic or recurrent cough may be due to one or both parents smoking, for infants and children of parents who smoke experience more bronchitis and pneumonia than do children of non-smokers.3Again, a cough may be a habit or an attention-seeking device.It is useless to prescribe antibiotics for a cough immediately after a cold or occurring during an attack of measles, because virus infections do not respond to antibiotics and antibiotics will not prevent bacterial complications of a cold or measles.Neither is it correct to prescribe an antibiotic for an apparent respiratory infection at the onset of an attack of asthma, for these infections are nearly always viral.5 6 As Gold7 remarked, the fact that a patient has a cough does not indicate that he needs treatment for it.Enormous sums of money are wasted on cough medicines.In Britain in 19688 more than 8 million prescriptions were written for just seven linctus preparations at a cost of over fl 500 000.More recently some 75 million doses of linctus were prescribed in this country in one year.Many more millions of doses are bought in the chemists' shops without prescription.But in most cases of
138O Efficacy of a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), ABT-414, with temozolomide (TMZ) in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM)
Authors: M. van den Bent, A.B. Lassman, H.K. Gan, D.A. Reardon, P. Kumthekar, N. Butowski, Z. Lwin, T. Mikkelsen, L.B. Nabors, K.P. Papadopoulos, M. Penas-Prado, J. Simes, H. Wheeler, E. Gomez, H-J. Lee, L. Roberts-Rapp, H. Xiong, E. Bain, K. Holen, R. Merrell
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Abstract 1456: Sulfasalazine sensitizes glioblastoma cells to radiation treatment
Authors: Linda Sleire, Jian Wang, Jan Heggdal, Paal-Henning Pedersen, Per Øyvind Enger
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal cancer with a limited response to ionizing radiation. Recent studies suggest that Sulfasalazine (SAS), a drug used to treat inflammatory bowel disease, inhibits the Xc- antiporter system in glioma cells, thereby blocking their uptake of cystein. Since the availability of cystein is a rate limiting step in intracellular antioxidant production, we wanted to investigate whether sulfasalazine sensitizes glioma cells to radiation. Expression of xCT, the catalytic subunit of system Xc-, was found in 30 patient GBM biopsies. SAS effect on glioma cell growth was investigated using an electric cell substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) instrument. All glioma cell lines showed altered growth curves in response to SAS treatment. To assess the effect of blocking the antiporter, intracellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione were measured. With increasing doses of SAS, glutathione levels decreased in a dose response manner. In addition, cysteine was added to the medium to see if the cells could survive high doses of SAS. U251 glioma cells were treated with escalating doses of SAS, alone or in combination with radiation (8 Gy). Nuclear integrity was evaluated to estimate cell death following treatment, as well as the presence of double stranded breaks. In addition, cell death and viability were investigated using live/dead staining and the MTS assay. All treatment groups exhibited increased rates of cell death compared to untreated controls. A combination of SAS and radiation resulted in higher levels of cell death, than radiation or SAS administered alone. In order to assess whether this can be exploited therapeutically, we are preparing to treat nude rats harbouring glioblastoma biopsy xenografts with SAS, alone or in combination with gamma knife radiation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1456. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1456
Patient Fat Biopsies for Chemical Analysis and Liver Biopsies for Ultrastructural Characterization after Exposure to Polychlorinated Dioxins, Furans and PCBs
Authors: Arnold Schecter, Thomas Tiernan, Fenton Schaffner, Michael Taylor, George Gitlitz, G. F. VanNess, J. H. Garrett, D. J. Wagel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

A subset of workers was followed after exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furans in an occupational medicine clinic setting. Patterns of PCBs found in adipose tissue resembled the pattern seen when soot from the incident or Aroclor 1254 was examined by GC-MS. Adipose tissue also revealed levels of hepta- and octachlorinated furans and dioxins as high as 8400 ppt in one repeatedly exposed worker. Control fat from patients with no known exposure to furans or dioxins was usually in the several hundred parts per trillion range for these isomers, but slightly over 2000 ppt in one sample. Electron microscopic analysis of liver biopsies from three patients who developed mild elevations of hepatic enzymes in their serum revealed morphologic alterations in some ways similar to those seen in animals after feeding experiments with PCBs, dioxins or the Binghamton State Office Building soot. These include pleomorphic mitochondria, giant mitochondria, prominent dense mitochondrial granules, cristae parallel to the long axis of the mitochondria and crystalline structure within same mitochondria as well as lipid droplets in liver cells and slightly dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
The advice zone
Authors: Andrew Wilson, Peter Maguire, Alan Denison, Jain Abhilash, Brian John Angus
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Got a career or university related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone at www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone to post a question or to see if one of our experts has already solved your problem
Medizinische Welt, Stuttgart
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Closing the Gap: Effect of Diabetes Case Management on Glycemic Control Among Low-Income Ethnic Minority Populations
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Disparities exist in the diabetes health status of ethnic minority and/or low-income populations relative to other groups. A primary objective of diabetes management is to improve glycemic control. The feasibility of implementing intensive diabetes case management in disparate populations remains largely untested.Clinical sites in three southern California counties serving low-income, ethnic minority populations participated in our study. We randomized 362 Medicaid (called Medi-Cal in California) recipients with type 2 diabetes for at least 1 year to intervention (diabetes case management) or control (traditional primary care treatment) groups. Fifty-five percent of participants were minorities. Participants with HbA(1c) levels less than 7.5%, serious diabetes-related complications, or other serious medical conditions were excluded. We assessed the effect of the intervention (ongoing diabetes case management added to primary care) on glycemic control using serial HbA(1c) measurements over several years.The mean duration of follow-up was 25.3 months. HbA(1c) decreased substantially in both groups from an average of 9.54-7.66% (a reduction of 1.88%) in the intervention group and from an average of 9.66-8.53% (a reduction of 1.13%) in the control group. This improvement was sustained throughout the study. The reduction in HbA(1c) was consistently greater in the intervention group at each time point (P < 0.001), ranging between 0.65 at 6 months and 0.87 at study end.Diabetes case management, added to primary care, substantially improved glycemic control compared with the control group. Diabetes case management can help reduce disparities in diabetes health status among low-income ethnic populations.
Work-related cumulative trauma disorders of the upper extremity
Authors: D. M. Rempel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Cumulative trauma disorders due to performance of repetitive tasks account for more than 50% of all occupational illnesses in the United States today. Employees affected by these disorders frequently experience substantial pain and functional impairment that may require a change in occupation. For the employer, these injuries result in loss of productivity and increased costs in the form of higher medical expenses and disability payments for injured workers. Successful treatment of work-related repetitive tissue injuries depends on early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Prevention requires identifying sites and tasks that place employees at risk of injury and supporting efforts to develop safer work environments. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:838-842)
Isoniazid-Related Liver Disease
Authors: William G. B. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1979)

ISONIAZID is reported to cause mild usually asymptomatic hepatocellular dysfunction manifested by elevations of the serum transaminase levels in 10% to 20% of patients.<sup>1</sup>Clinically apparent hepatitis occurs in 1% to 2% of patients, occasionally resulting in fatal hepatic necrosis.<sup>1</sup>The majority of deaths reported have occurred in blacks. The clinical syndrome of cirrhosis with ascites, peripheral edema, portal hypertension, eosphageal varices, and hypoalbuminemia associated with isoniazid has not been described, although histological evidence of cirrhosis has been present in some autopsy or biopsy specimens.<sup>2-4</sup>We report severe isoniazid-related chronic hepatic damage with clinical cirrhosis occurring in a white woman, whose condition improved after discontinuation of the treatment. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old white woman was given prophylactic isoniazid, 300 mg/day, because of apical scarring on chest roentgenogram and a positive tuberculin skin test. After eight months of taking the medition and not showing symptoms, she noted
Book Review An Introduction to Experimental Pharmacology . By Torald Sollmann, M.D., Professor of Pharmacology and Materia Medica at Western Reserve University, Cleveland, and Paul J. Hanzlik, M.D., Professor of Pharmacology at Stanford University, San Francisco, Calif. Octavo volume of 321 pages, illustrated. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1928. Cloth, $4.25 net.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1928)
Neuropsychologic detection of abnormal mental decline in older persons
Authors: P. J. Eslinger
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We conducted comprehensive neuropsychologic assessment in normal 60- to 88-year-old persons and in patients with dementia of various causes, matched for age and sex. Patients with dementia performed significantly poorer on tests of short-term memory, temporal orientation, visual perception, and language. Further data analysis, including multivariate classification procedures, identified a combination of three tests (Visual Retention, Controlled Oral Word Association, and Temporal Orientation) that in a cross-validation study correctly classified 89% of cases with a high degree of probability. Only 6.5% of cases were misclassified, while 4.5% were in a questionable, borderline category. The battery constituted by these three discriminating tests provides a brief, easily administered neuropsychologic screening instrument that may be used by a variety of health professionals for the detection of abnormal mental decline in older persons. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:670-674)
Leads from the MMWR. La Crosse encephalitis in West Virginia
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prophylaxis in surgery. Veterans Administration Ad Hoc Interdisciplinary Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Drug Usage
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal