tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GALLSTONES AND DIET
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis
Authors: M. H. Kollef
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To identify factors associated with the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to examine the incidence of VAP in different intensive care unit (ICU) populations. <h3>Design.</h3> —An inception cohort study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Barnes Hospital, St Louis, Mo, an academic tertiary care center. Patients or Other Participants. —A total of 277 consecutive patients required mechanical ventilation for longer than 24 hours from a medical ICU (75 patients), surgical ICU (100 patients), or cardiothoracic ICU (102 patients). <h3>Interventions.</h3> —Prospective patient surveillance and data collection. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Ventilator-associated pneumonia and ICU mortality. <h3>Results.</h3> —Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred in 43 patients (15.5%). Stepwise logistic regression analysis identified four factors to be independently associated with VAP (<i>P</i>&lt;.05): an organ system failure index of 3 or greater (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=10.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5 to 23;<i>P</i>&lt;.001 ); patient age of 60 years or older (AOR=5.1; 95% CI, 1.9 to 14.1; P=.002); prior administration of antibiotics (AOR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.4 to 6.9;<i>P</i>=.004); and supine head positioning during the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation (AOR=2.9;95%CI,1.3to6.8;<i>P</i>=.013). Ventilator-associated pneumonia occurred more often in cardiothoracic patients (21.6%) compared with medical patients (9.3%) (<i>P</i>=.03). Patients with VAP also had a higher mortality (37.2%) than those without VAP (8.5%) (<i>P</i>&lt;.001 ). An organ system failure index of 3 or greater (AOR=16.1; 95% CI, 6.1 to 42;<i>P</i>&lt;.001), a premorbid lifestyle score of 2orgreater(AOR=3.1;95%CI,1.3to7.3;<i>P</i>=.012), and supine head positioning during the first 24 hours of mechanical ventilation (AOR=3.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.8;<i>P</i>=.016) were independently associated with mortality. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These data suggest potential interventions that might affect the incidence of VAP or outcome associated with VAP. Additionally, they indicate that different ICU populations may have different incidences of VAP. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1965-1970)
PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Article1 June 1941PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESSJAMES D. BRUCE, M.D., F.A.C.P.JAMES D. BRUCE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-12-2167 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAs I review my association with the American College of Physicians during the past year and during the twelve years I have been privileged to serve on the Board of Governors and later on the Board of Regents, I should be remiss in appreciation if I failed to pay tribute to the fine spirit that has characterized our Officials, the Boards of Regents and Governors, and indeed our entire membership. During my many years in practice I have always been associated with medical organizations and in none have I found more altruism, devotion and high purpose than in this College.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ann Arbor, Michigan*Address at the Annual Convocation of the American College of Physicians, Boston, April 23, 1941. Nextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1941Volume 14, Issue 12Page: 2167-2172 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1941 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright, 1941, by The American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
This Week in &lt;EMPH&gt;JAMA&lt;/EMPH&gt;
Journal: JAMA (2003)

A host of novel medications offer physicians new options for treating psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, although concerns remain about their potential for immunosuppression, and their high cost may limit their use. SEE PAGE 2779 Home Care Stay After Balanced Budget ActA cross-sectional study of home care patients in the 1996 and 1998 National Home and Hospice Care Surveys indicates that after the 1997 Balanced Budget Act, length of stay in home care decreased among Medicare patients, particularly among those receiving care from for-profit home health agencies. SEE PAGE 2841 Autopsy-Detected Diagnostic ErrorsA systematic review of the literature from 1966 to April 2002 indicates that the rate at which autopsies detect important, clinically missed diagnoses has decreased over time.
Alteration of topoisomerase II-alpha gene in human breast cancer and its association with responsiveness to anthracycline- based chemotherapy
Authors: M. F. Press, G. Sauter, M. Buyse, L. Bernstein, W. Eiermann, T. Pienkowski, V. Bee, H. Taupin, S. Seelig, D. J. Slamon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

524 Background: Topoisomerase II-alpha (TOP2A) gene amplification, and not HER2 amplification, may be the predictive marker for responsiveness to anthracycline chemotherapy. Methods: To address this issue we performed a test set-validation set series of analyses. Amplification of TOP2A and HER2 was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in patients with metastatic breast cancer who participated in a randomized trial (H0648g, n = 469) of anthracycline-based chemotherapy with or without trastuzumab. This group represented the test set. To validate our observations in the H0648g test set we analyzed breast cancers from two other, large, randomized clinical studies of anthracycline-based chemotherapy; one with HER-2 amplification and trastuzumab-based therapy (BCIRG006, n = 3,222) and one without HER-2 amplification and combination-based chemotherapy (BCIRG005, n = 3,298), comparing TOP2A status with clinical outcome. Both of the latter trials were adjuvant trials. Results: In the H0648g test set patients whose breast cancers had TOP2A gene co- amplification and who were treated with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (AC) and trastuzumab had a longer progression-free survival compared to those who were treated with AC alone (p = 0.03). Patients treated solely with AC, whose breast cancers had TOP2A gene co-amplification had a statistically significant improvement in duration of survival compared to those without TOP2A gene amplification (p = 0.004). Among all women entered in the HER2-positive BCIRG 006 clinical trial, as well as among women who were treated with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy alone, women whose breast cancers showed TOP2A gene co-amplification had a significantly longer disease-free (p &lt;0.001), recurrence-free (p &lt;0.001) and overall survival (p = 0.01) compared to women whose breast cancers lacked TOP2A amplification. Unexpectedly, the added beneficial effect of trastuzumab was not seen among TOP2A co-amplified breast cancer patients in the larger BCIRG006 trial. Conclusions: In patients treated with chemotherapy alone the findings demonstrate that TOP2A gene co-amplification is a useful predictive marker of responsiveness to anthracycline-containing chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cystic lesion of humerus
Authors: C. K. Jenkins
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Richard M. Heller: This was the first Massachusetts General Hospital admission for this 54-year-old white male tool-grinder. His chief complaint was pain of four weeks' duration in the left shoulder. The pain was accentuated by abduction and was worse at night. There had been no fever, weight loss, or other symptoms. The patient fractured his left humerus at age 16. Physical examination of the left arm revealed tenderness over the greater tuberosity and proximal part of the humerus. There was no erythema, no increased temperature, and no increase in size of the left arm. Active abduction was limited to 90° Passive range of motion was unlimited. Findings from laboratory investigations were all normal. These included hematocrit reading, white blood cell count, differential count, liver function tests, and calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, fasting blood sugar, and blood urea nitrogen values. Roentgenograms of the arm were obtained (Figure). Roentgenograms of the
Response by Petzold et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Rivaroxaban Reduces Arterial Thrombosis by Inhibition of Fxa-Driven Platelet Activation via Protease Activated Receptor-1"
Authors: Tobias Petzold, Lisa Dannenberg, Manuela Thienel, Samantha Ahlbrecht, Philipp Mourikis, Carolin Helten, René M’Pembele, Alina Achilles, Dorothee Zikeli, Zhe Zhang, Enzo Lüsebrink, Leo Nicolai, Inas Saleh, Christian Jung, Norbert Gerdes, Till Hoffmann, Bodo Levkau, Thomas Hohlfeld, Tobias Zeus, Christian Schulz, Malte Kelm, Amin Polzin
Journal: Circulation Research (2020)
<i>QuickStats</i>: Percentage*<sup>,</sup>† of Adults Aged ≥20 Years Who Consumed Vegetables on a Given Day, by Race and Hispanic Origin§ — United States, 2015–2018
Authors: Nicholas Ansai, Edwina Wambogo
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2021)

Any vegetable Dark green Red and orange Starchy Other vegetables Percentage Total White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hispanic * With 95% confidence intervals indicated with error bars.† Percentages are based on vegetables reported during the Day 1 24-hour Dietary Recall.Vegetables were defined using the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Food Patterns Equivalents Database food groups (https:// www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80400530/pdf/fped/FPED_1718.pdf ), which include dark green vegetables (e.g., spinach, collard greens, and broccoli); red and orange vegetables (e.g., carrots, red peppers, and tomatoes); starchy vegetables (e.g., potatoes, plantains, and cassava); and other vegetables (e.g., cauliflower, string beans, and eggplant).§ Estimates for persons reporting more than one race are not shown separately but are included in the total.During 2015-2018, 95.1% of adults aged ≥20 years consumed any vegetable, 26.3% consumed dark green vegetables, 79.2% consumed red and orange vegetables, 50.3% consumed starchy vegetables, and 78.8% consumed other vegetables on a given day.Non-Hispanic Black adults were least likely to consume any vegetable (92.8%).Non-Hispanic Black adults were also least likely to consume dark green (21.3%), red and orange (73.7%), and other vegetables (71.2%), and non-Hispanic Asian adults were most likely to consume dark green (45.9%) and other vegetables (88.4%).Non-Hispanic Black (53.8%) and non-Hispanic Asian (56.0%) adults were more likely to consume starchy vegetables.
The Risk Linked to Ionizing Radiation: An Alternative Epidemiologic Approach
Authors: Christophe de Brouwer, Raphael Lagasse
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

Radioprotection norms have been based on risk models that have evolved over time. These models show relationships between exposure and observed effects. There is a high level of uncertainty regarding lower doses. Recommendations have been based on the conservative hypothesis of a linear relationship without threshold value. This relationship is still debated, and the diverse observations do not allow any definitive conclusion. Available data are contradictory, and various interpretations can be made. Here we review an alternative approach for defining causation and reconciling apparently contradictory conclusions. This alternative epidemiologic approach is based on causal groups: Each component of a causal group is necessary but not sufficient for causality. Many groups may be involved in causality. Thus, ionizing radiation may be a component of one or several causal groups. This formalization reconciles heterogeneous observations but implies searching for the interactions between components, mostly between critical components of a causal profile, and, for instance, the reasons why specific human groups would not show any effect despite exposure, when an effect would be expected.
Hepatic uptake of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) by organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP4 and OATP8 of rat and human liver
Authors: M.G. Ismair, V. Cattori, B. Hagenbuch, P.J. Meier, G.A. Kullack-Ublick
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Resurrection
Authors: W. Richey Neuman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

It's 8 o'clock in the evening, and Mrs O is having chest pain again. Although she has had some transient episodes before, this 87-year-old woman has been doing remarkably well since her admission five days ago. She came through her protocoldictated thrombolytic therapy without incident, and her anterior myocardial infarction evolved free of complications. But tonight, she suddenly sits bolt upright in bed, complains that she cannot catch her breath, and collapses. When the second-year resident arrives on the scene, Mrs O is apneic, pulseless, and unresponsive, with normal sinus rhythm on the monitor. The team begins cardiopulmonary resuscitation and initiates the ACLS protocol. I watch as she is intubated. A roller-coaster ride of differing rhythms ensues and is answered with various medications, shocks, and countershocks. The struggle for and with this dying woman continues for 35 minutes. At last it is over, and Mrs O is pronounced dead at
Vascular Effect of Thiazide Diuretics
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
黑素原生成的旁分泌调节
Authors: X.H. Yuan, Z.H. Jin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

人类的皮肤颜色主要是由其中所含的黑色素决定的。黑色素是一种褐色素,主要用于保护皮肤不受紫外线的损害。黑色素是由皮肤中的黑素细胞产生,该细胞是位于外层(表皮)的分化细胞。黑色素的产生是一种复杂的过程,称为黑素原生成。黑素原生成会受到基因(种族皮肤类型)的影响,也会受到紫外线暴露的影响,此外,它也是湿疹或银屑病等皮肤炎症的结果。黑素原生成是通过黑素细胞和位于表皮及下方(真皮)支持组织的周围细胞的相互作用产生的。这些细胞会分泌许多不同的化学信使(细胞因子),会对黑素细胞活动产生影响。这称为旁分泌效应。这篇由来自中国延吉的工作人员发表的文章回顾了会影响黑色素产生的非常复杂的化学过程。黑素细胞活动会受到源自相邻表皮细胞(角质细胞)、皮肤神经末梢和从成纤维细胞(黑素细胞下真皮中的细胞)中扩散的可溶性因子的细胞因子的影响。此外,皮肤炎性病症中的细胞会产生各种化学物质(例如组胺),从而影响黑色素产生。这会导致皮肤在经过一段银屑病(举例而言)症状之后颜色会变浅或变深。本论文中讨论了调节色素产生中涉及的三十一种化学信使。毫无疑问的是,将来还会发现更多化学信使,从而增加了我们了解这种皮肤重要功能的复杂程度。
Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Multicenter Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Ziprasidone and Olanzapine in Acutely Ill Inpatients With Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder
Authors: G. M. Simpson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: Limited randomized, controlled trial data exist on possible differences between atypical antipsychotics in efficacy, overall tolerability, and important indices of health status. The authors compared the efficacy and tolerability of ziprasidone and olanzapine in the treatment of acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. METHOD: In this 6-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-design, flexible-dose trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive ziprasidone (N=136) or olanzapine (N=133). Primary efficacy measures were improvement in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scale scores; secondary measures were scores on the CGI improvement scale, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia. Tolerability assessments included fasting lipid profiles, fasting glucose and insulin measurements, electrocardiography, and monitoring of vital signs and body weight. RESULTS: The overall mean daily doses were 129.9 mg (SD=27.3) for ziprasidone and 11.3 mg (SD=2.8) for olanzapine. Both antipsychotics were efficacious in improving symptoms and global illness severity. The two treatment groups did not differ significantly in primary or secondary efficacy measures at endpoint or in by-visit analysis. Both agents were well tolerated. Body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased with olanzapine but not with ziprasidone; all between-group comparisons of these variables were significant and favored ziprasidone. Olanzapine, but not ziprasidone, was associated with significant increases in fasting insulin level. No patient in either group exhibited a corrected QT interval ≥500 msec. CONCLUSIONS: During 6 weeks' treatment, ziprasidone and olanzapine demonstrated comparable antipsychotic efficacy. Differences favoring ziprasidone were observed in metabolic parameters.
Reforming graduate medical education. Summary report of the Physician Payment Review Commission
Authors: A. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1993)

THE PHYSICIAN Payment Review Commission, created in 1986 to advise the US Congress on reform of Medicare's method of paying physicians, has developed a comprehensive policy designed to limit growth in residencies, shift the balance between subspecialists and generalists, and facilitate training in ambulatory settings.<sup>1</sup> During the past 2 years, the commission has devoted considerable attention to physician supply, specialty distribution, and the financing of graduate medical education (GME). The national debate on health system reform offers the potential to structure more effective policies that will include all payers in new GME financing strategies and to develop different systems of service provision for uninsured people who historically have relied on teaching institutions as their source of care. The debate also provides an important opportunity, missing in the past, to coordinate policies regarding physician supply and training with those affecting payment for services, patients' access to care, and cost containment.
A Manual of Human Physiology, prepared with special reference to Students of Medicine.
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Military Casualties
Authors: Robert L. Turk
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I do not doubt the enthusiastic advocacy by Baxt and Moody<sup>1</sup>of rotocraft for emergency evacuation, but I question their figures. If mortality in Vietnam was "one death per 100 casualties," then we had 5,400,000 casualties. Likewise, the Korean War had 1,600,000 and World War II, 6,666,666. Even knowing the propensity of the military (all sides) to understate losses, I find these figures rather high. The best arguments for helicopters are our unbounded wealth and our willingness to spend it in this use.
Intragenic GNAS Deletion Involving Exon A/B in Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A Resulting in an Apparent Loss of Exon A/B Methylation: Potential for Misdiagnosis of Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1B
Authors: Eduardo Fernandez-Rebollo, Beatriz García-Cuartero, Intza Garin, Cristina Largo, Francisco Martínez, Concepcion Garcia-Lacalle, Luis Castaño, Murat Bastepe, Guiomar Pérez de Nanclares
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

Several endocrine diseases that share resistance to PTH are grouped under the term pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP). Patients with PHP type Ia show additional hormone resistance, defective erythrocyte Gsα activity, and dysmorphic features termed Albright’s hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). Patients with PHP-Ib show less diverse hormone resistance and normal Gsα activity; AHO features are typically absent in PHP-Ib. Mutations affecting Gsα coding exons of GNAS and epigenetic alterations in the same gene are associated with PHP-Ia and -Ib, respectively. The epigenetic GNAS changes in familial PHP-Ib are caused by microdeletions near or within GNAS but without involving Gsα coding exons. We sought to identify the molecular defect in a patient who was diagnosed with PHP-Ia based on clinical presentation (hormone resistance and AHO) but displayed the molecular features typically associated with PHP-Ib (loss of methylation at exon A/B) without previously described genetic mutations. Microsatellite typing, comparative genome hybridization, and allelic dosage were performed for proband and her parents. Comparative genome hybridization revealed a deletion of 30,431 bp extending from the intronic region between exons XL and A/B to intron 5. The same mutation was also demonstrated, by PCR, in the patient’s mother, but polymorphism and allele dosage analyses indicated that she had this mutation in a mosaic manner. We discovered a novel multiexonic GNAS deletion transmitted to our patient from her mother who is mosaic for this mutation. The deletion led to different phenotypic manifestations in the two generation and appeared, in the patient, as loss of GNAS imprinting.