tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Increased Fucosylation and Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Takahiro Osuga, Rishu Takimoto, Michihiro Ono, Masahiro Hirakawa, Makoto Yoshida, Yutaka Okagawa, Naoki Uemura, Yohei Arihara, Yasushi Sato, Fumito Tamura, Tsutomu Sato, Satoshi Iyama, Koji Miyanishi, Kohichi Takada, Tsuyoshi Hayashi, Masayoshi Kobune, Junji Kato
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2016)

Fucose is utilized for the modification of different molecules involved in blood group determination, immunological reactions, and signal transduction pathways. We have recently reported that enhanced activity of the fucosyltransferase 3 and/or 6 promoted TGF-ß-mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition and was associated with increased metastatic potential of colorectal cancer (CRC), suggesting that fucose is required by CRC cells. With this in mind, we examined requirement of L-fucose in CRC cells and developed fucose-bound nanoparticles as vehicles for delivery of anticancer drugs specific to CRC.In this study, we first examined the expression of fucosylated proteins in 50 cases of CRC by immunochistochemical staining with biotinylated Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL). Then we carried out an L-fucose uptake assay using three CRC cell lines. Finally, we developed fucose-bound nanoparticles as vehicles for the delivery of an anticancer drug, SN38, and examined tumor growth inhibition in mouse xenograft model (n = 6 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided.We found a statistically significant relationship between vascular invasion, clinical stage, and intensity score of AAL staining (P≤ .02). L-fucose uptake assay revealed that L-fucose incorporation, as well as fucosylated protein release, was high in cells rich in fucosylated proteins. L-fucose-bound liposomes effectively delivered Cy5.5 into CRC cells. The excess of L-fucose decreased the efficiency of Cy5.5 uptake through L-fucose-bound liposomes, suggesting an L-fucose receptor dependency. Intravenously injected, L-fucose-bound liposomes carrying SN38 were successfully delivered to CRC cells, mediating efficient tumor growth inhibition (relative tumor growth ratio: no treatment group [NT], 8.29 ± 3.09; SN38-treated group [SN38], 3.53 ± 1.47; liposome-carrying, SN38-treated group [F0], 3.1 ± 1.39; L-fucose-bound, liposome-carrying, SN38-treated group [F50], 0.94 ± 0.89; F50 vs NT,P= .003; F50 vs SN38,P= .02, F50 vs F0,P= .04), as well as prolonging survival of mouse xenograft models (log-rank test,P< .001).Thus, fucose-bound liposomes carrying anticancer drugs provide a new strategy for the treatment of CRC patients.
Does this patient have sinusitis? Diagnosing acute sinusitis by history and physical examination
Authors: J. W. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>DOES THIS PATIENT HAVE SINUSITIS?</h3><h3>Clinical Scenario</h3> The patient presents to your office with a "bad cold." Her symptoms began 5 days ago when a runny nose, a scratchy throat, generalized malaise, and a nonproductive cough developed. Her symptoms are gradually improving with an over-the-counter cough medicine, but during the past 24 hours a "sinus headache" has developed. The patient is concerned that she may have "sinus." Of note, it is the middle of "cold and flu" season, and this is the fifth patient you've seen today with upper respiratory-tract symptoms. <h3>Why Is This an Important Question to Answer With a Clinical Examination?</h3> The patient's story is familiar to primary care clinicians. Indeed, the most frequent diagnoses made by primary care practitioners include nasal problems such as allergic and infectious rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis, and bacterial sinusitis.<sup>1</sup>Given the constant assault of allergens, environmental pollutants, respiratory viruses, and rapid temperature
Two magnetic scanners approved
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The Food and Drug Administration has approved two magnetic resonance scanners, simultaneously opening a new window for the clinician in the diagnosis and management of disease and dumping a problem in the laps of the national health planning agencies. These planning agencies, which include private third-party insurers such as Blue Cross as well as the Health Care Financing Administration, are only now grappling with the problem of whether and under what circumstances they will approve coverage of scans done with magnets instead of roentgenograms. The scanners approved by the FDA's Bureau of Medical Devices are manufactured by Diasonics of Malpitas, Calif, and Technicare of Cleveland. Magnetic scanners have been under study for their potential in clinical practice for the past several years and have evoked a great deal of interest (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1984;251:869-877, 1982;247:151-159,<i>JAMA</i>1982; 247:1331-1334). Besides these two companies, other companies that manufacture similar scanners and are
Liver cancer: Diagnosis
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Emerging evidences show that dysregulation of circadian genes is closely associated with tumorigenesis. However, whether circadian genes regulate the reprogramming of metabolism in tumor cells is largely unknown. Here, we showed that NPAS2, one of the core circadian molecules, significantly contributed to the reprogramming of glucose metabolism mainly through two mechanisms. On the one hand, NPAS2 upregulated the expression of glycolytic genes GLUT1, HK2, GPI, ALDOA, ENO2, PKM2 and MCT4. On the other hand, NPAS2 downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α). Mechanistically, HIF-1α was found to be a direct transcriptional target of NPAS2, which mediated both the upregulation of glycolytic genes and downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis in HCC cells. In addition, we found that upregulation of NPAS2 expression was mainly due to the downregulation of miR-199b-5p. In vitro and in vivo assays further indicated that HIF-1α-mediated reprogramming of glucose metabolism played a critical role in NPAS2-regulated growth and metastasis of HCC cells. Our findings demonstrate that NPAS2 plays a critical role in glucose metabolism reprogramming, suggesting that NPAS2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in HCC.
Macrophage-Colony stimulating factor (M-CFS) induction in the infarcted myocardium is associated with macrophage differentiation and proliferation and may promote tissue remodeling Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis, Leonardo H. Mendoza Oliver Dewald Lloyd H. Michael, C. Wayne Smith, Mark L. Entman. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Cholesterol and children
Authors: L. A. Barness
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THOUGH the epidemiologic relationship of elevated serum cholesterol levels to the development of arteriosclerosis is strong, the relationship of dietary cholesterol to serum cholesterol is less certain. Attempts at dietary restriction of cholesterol-containing foods alone are often accompanied by small or negligible decreases in serum cholesterol levels,<sup>1</sup>though restriction of intake of fat with cholesterol has been moderately successful in animals.<sup>2</sup>In those with defined errors in lipoprotein metabolism, in which the error is in intracellular transport of cholesterol, diet alone is also usually ineffective.<sup>3,4</sup> The pediatrician is faced with several problems simultaneously: the diet composition for the infant, child, and adolescent, the distribution of fats in the diet, the diagnosis and treatment of the child with a family history of early arteriosclerosis, and the recommendations of the American Heart Association (AHA).<sup>5</sup> As for the diet of the infant, it seems reasonable to consider breast milk
Note from the editors: A new virus bringing back memories from the past
Authors: None Eurosurveillance editorial team
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2012)

Preview this article: Note from the editors: A new virus bringing back memories from the past, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/17/39/art20284-en-1.gif
Examining product risk in context. Market withdrawal of zomepirac as a case study
Authors: D. Ross-Degnan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To examine changes in the prescribing of analgesics after the market entry and subsequent withdrawal of zomepirac sodium, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), following repeated reports of zomepirac-related deaths. <h3>Design.</h3> —To evaluate this natural quasi experiment, we conducted time-series analyses to compare prescribing in two cohorts of primary care physicians from July 1980 through September 1983. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Study physicians provided outpatient pharmaceutical care to patients enrolled in the New Jersey Medicaid program. <h3>Participants.</h3> —We identified 260 primary care physicians who provided 10 or more prescriptions for zomepirac (zomepirac prescribers) and 308 who provided 10 or more prescriptions for NSAIDs other than zomepirac (other-NSAID prescribers) in Medicaid during the study period. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Monthly rates of prescribing for zomepirac and several categories of substitute analgesics among Medicaid patients seen by study physicians. <h3>Main Results.</h3> —Zomepirac accounted for a stable 11.0% of analgesic prescribing among the zomepirac-prescriber cohort; label changes and manufacturer product-risk warnings 11 months before the product's withdrawal from the market had no impact on use. After market entry, zomepirac prescribers reduced use of other NSAIDs and propoxyphene (hydrochloride or napsylate) in comparison with other-NSAID prescribers (-8.1% and -2.8% of total analgesic prescribing, respectively;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). After the product's withdrawal from the market, zomepirac prescribers showed significant increases in relative prescribing of other NSAIDs (+6.8%;<i>P</i>&lt;.001), propoxyphene (+2.1%;<i>P</i>&lt;.05), and analgesics containing barbiturates (+2.7%;<i>P</i>&lt;.001). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —The sudden withdrawal of zomepirac from the market resulted in substitutions not only of other NSAIDs, but also of alternative analgesics that carry risks of habituation and adverse effects. Apparent gains in patient safety resulting from market withdrawal of medications must be evaluated in comparison with risks of medications likely to be substituted. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:1937-1942)
Clinical Neurosurgery
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In a book of this character we would expect to find articles on surgical relief of pain, stenosis of the spinal canal producing intermittent claudication in the legs, intracerebral hemorrhage, normal pressure hydrocephalus, brain scanning, and monitoring of patients with multiple injuries. Less obviously anticipated are articles on computers, data processing, radiation detection, and other features of "Space-Age Research Methods." Implanted electrodes may measure metabolic functions in the brain or may be part of Lewin's prosthesis to be placed over the visual cortex so that stimulation might produce images to make the blind "see." Dougherty and Schneebeli use electron micrographs to explain the anti-inflammatory effects of steroids; Lillehei's group illustrate their concepts of vasodilation in physiology and treatment of shock. A central biasing mechanism is invoked by Melzack to explain phantom limb pain, while Feindel's group report on external and internal radioisotopic and fluorescein techniques for studying cerebral circulation. More
PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS
Authors: J. B. KESSLER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

BU of whom had been circumcised by the sanie man, had been similarly infected.He is stated to have been definitely tuber- culous.The parents reported that he spat on a cloth which was used as a dressing for the wound after operation.ARLUCK ami WlNOOOUBOFE's" ('asks: Infant of 5Vá months.Parents healthy.Circumcision on eighth day.Wound was sucked by one of the guests who was tuberculous.Inflamma- tory signs developed in the course of the.next two weeks, followed by local ulcération, swelling and breaking down of inguinal lymph-nodes.The child wasted with signs of general- ized tuberculosis, The entire penis ulcerated quite to the scrotum.There was great enlargement of inguinal lymphnodes.Wassermann was negative; also the von Pirquet test, the latter thought to be due to the wide-spread infection.One tubercle bacillus was found in scrapings from the preputial ulcer.Death occurred four days later.Necropsy showed general tuberculosis involving lungs, intestines, spleen, mesen- teric and inguinal lymph-nodes.The infection was believed to be through the lymphatic system.Of the forty-one patients, including my own, sixteen are known to have died; seven arc reported as having partially recovered or being scrofulous; in twelve the final results were not given: und only six aré stated in the histories to have recovered.The youngest fatal cuse is that of the patient whoso history I have reported.In several instances death has occurred as late as 11 months from tuberculous meningitis.The usual cause of death has been general tuberculosis.In many of the reports several children have been infected by a single operator.Thus, in l.ehmann's cases, all ten of I lie children were thus infected; Gescheit reports four infants infected by the same operator; Lindmann, two patients; Debrovitz, lour patients.In nearly all of the reports the fact is stated that the families were free from tuberculosis.As a rule the earliest symptoms oí infection have been observed in aboul a week after the operation.The wound docs nul heal, hut suppuration occurs and ulcération soon follows.The early ulcer may he anywhere on the prepuce hut is often on the Erenum.It may remain as a localized process or be
Mercurialism and Its Control in the Felt-Hat Industry
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
mRNA expression of variant fas molecules in acute leukemia cells
Authors: Hiroto Inaba, Yoshihiro Komada, Qing‐Sheng Li, Xao‐Li Zhang, Shigeki Tanaka, Eiichi Azuma, Hatsumi Yamamoto, Minoru Sakurai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Fas (Apo-1/CD95) is a cell membrane receptor involved in apoptotic cell death. Soluble variant forms (sFas) lacking the transmembrane domain due to alternative splicing have been identified. Up-regulation of sFas expression is reportedly implicated in prereceptorial blockage of Fas-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. We examined mRNA expression of Fas and sFas in fresh leukemia cells. All leukemia cells expressed both mRNAs of full-length Fas (FasFull) and sFas with deletion of exon6 (FasDel6). The ratio of FasFull/FasDel6 mRNA expression was not always correlated with Fas-mediated growth inhibition. Interestingly, in a 6-year-old boy with acute myelogenous leukemia, blast cells obtained at onset and at the time of bone marrow relapses expressed distinct amounts of FasDel6 mRNA. Furthermore, the level of FasDel6 expression appeared to be correlated with Fas-resistance in leukemia blasts. In addition, sFas protein levels were elevated in patients' sera at onset with subsequent return to normal levels after complete remission. These results indicated that sFas could be synthesized and released by leukemia blasts and suggested that up-regulation of Fas variant transcript might render leukemia blasts resistant to Fas-mediated growth inhibition in certain cases. Am. J. Hematol. 62:150–158, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Missing Figure Legend
Authors: Eli Cahan, Amanda Chawla, Kevin Shea, Cassandra Thiel, Leora Horwitz
Journal: JAMA (2020)

In Reply Mr Cahan and colleagues comment on our Viewpoint 1 on the importance of supply optimization in improving the value of health care delivery.We agree with the authors that reducing variability in surgical utilization can be accomplished through consolidating device vendors and integrating purchasing decisions in a way that does not inappropriately drive practice patterns.We only add a caveat that too much consolidation, for example to a single vendor, can increase risk of supply shortages and reduce the opportunity for effective price negotiations.There are many ways to increase value in health care by focusing on resource use and supply waste.Translational research that identifies and tests best practices for supply optimization in a variety of medical settings would enable more facilities to take advantage of this potential avenue for improvement.
Abstract 3760: Thiazolidinediones Do Not Reduce 1 Year Event Rates In Diabetic Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Abdul Sheikh, Khan Pohlel, Emir Veledar, Viola Vaccarino, John S Douglas, Ziyad Ghazzal
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Thiazolidinediones (TZD) have been shown to decrease intimal hyperplasia by intravascular ultrasound after coronary stenting. However, a recent meta-analysis showed increased MI and suggested increased CV deaths with TZD use. We examined the impact of TZD use on the 1-year clinical outcomes of diabetic patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Methods: From 2000 through 2003, 598 diabetic patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at Emory University. Medication profiles were available for all patients who were divided into two groups: those that had a TZD as part of their diabetes regimen and those that did not. We compared the baseline clinical characteristics, angiographic characteristics, and 1 year rate of a composite endpoint of death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization between the two groups. Results: There was no difference between the two groups with regards to age, sex, baseline medical conditions, medication regimens, and overall glycemic control at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention. The lesions in both groups were of similar length, diameter, and characteristics. At 1 year the composite of death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization was not statistically different in the diabetics taking TZDs compared to those not taking TZDs (28.5% vs. 23.2%, p=0.15). There were also no differences in the rates of death and non-fatal MI. There was however a statistically significant increase in the rate of revascularization in diabetics taking TZDs compared to those not taking TZDs (25.4% vs. 17.3%, p=0.02). Conclusion: Diabetic patients undergoing coronary stenting who were on TZDs had a statistically significant increased rate of revascularization. However, there was a similar rate of the combined endpoint of death, non-fatal MI, and revascularization in all diabetic patients irrespective of TZD usages.
The Medical Aspect of Boxing
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The material of this volume is divided into two general parts: immediate effects of injuries in boxing, and remote effects of such injuries. The former part deals with the physiology and pathology of different injuries such as the chin knockout, the solar plexus knockout, the heart knockout and the carotid sinus knockout, all due to legal blows. The author produces some evidence to show that the chin knockout, the most common of the four, is due to injury to the medulla chiefly by contre-coup. It differs from the concussion of football and other sports unless the head of the injured boxer strikes the floor. There follows a brief discussion of such conditions as "grogginess" which fall short of the severity of a knockout. The latter part deals with the pathology of delayed effects of repeated blows on the chin, head or other parts. There are citations of numerous cases including
Emergency medical services— a new phase of development
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reply
Authors: Anna S.F. Lok, Brian J. McMahon
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

We would like to thank Dr. Stroffolini and colleagues for sharing the recent data on incidence and prevalence of hepatitis B in Italy. We apologize that Table 2 was based on outdated data and agree that screening for HBV infection in Italy is necessary only among high-risk groups. Anna S.F. Lok*, Brian J. McMahon , * Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, Liver Disease and Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Medical Center and Arctic Investigations Program, Centers for Disease Control, Anchorage, AK.
FATAL ASTHMA
Authors: J.M. FitzGerald, M.D, P. Macklem, M.D
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1996)

▪ Abstract This brief review highlights the rise in asthma mortality witnessed in many countries. It outlines the multifactorial character of this phenomenon, which in most instances is a complex interplay between physician, patient, and environment. The pathophysiology of airflow obstruction and in particular the role of hyperinflation are outlined. These data may allow better prediction of who is at risk of fatal asthma (FA). Finally, potential approaches to the prevention of FA are outlined.