tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of shower use with Legionnaires' disease. Possible role of amoebae
Authors: R. F. Breiman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

OUTBREAKS of legionnaires' disease (LD) have been linked to aerosols from evaporative condensers and cooling towers,<sup>1,2</sup>whirlpool spas,<sup>3</sup>respiratory therapy equipment,<sup>4</sup>and humidifiers.<sup>5</sup>An association between shower use and LD has been hypothesized but not epidemiologically demonstrated.<sup>6-11</sup>Prevention of LD is limited by a lack of understanding of the ecology of<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>. Monitoring aerosolproducing sites for<i>L pneumophila</i>can be misleading since the bacteria are found often in water sources without a known disease association.<sup>12</sup> Factors essential for<i>Legionella</i>multiplication in water are poorly understood, but the bacteria multiply extracellularly on supplemented culture media.<sup>13,14</sup>Nutritional requirements of the genus are unlikely to be met in most water sources; however, these bacteria do multiply inside protozoa,<sup>15-17</sup>which are common to aquatic environments.<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>grows in water samples with amoebae but not in those without viable amoebae.<sup>17</sup>Recognition of the association
American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Indianapolis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Foreign Mail
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is nitrous oxide a dangerous anesthetic for vitamin B12-deficient subjects?
Authors: D. D. Koblin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the interest of Drs Ehrlich, Murphy, and others in our study. We are pleased our work was considered "interesting and important." Dr Ehrlich comments about "disclaimers" of "membership bias," and Dr Murphy believes that we "either rationalize or dismiss" a selection bias in our study populations. Our report very carefully concluded that, within the limits of the study, "reasonably long-duration, high-mileage running need not be associated with premature degenerative joint disease of the lower extremities." We further stated that these conclusions were circumscribed in that... our data reflect observations at a single point in time. Certainly, it will be desirable to obtain additional follow-up information regarding our subjects over subsequent years. In addition, our running population represents selected individuals, since we did not study persons who had begun to run but had discontinued the activity for various reasons. Thus, we have no information as to whether
Oral contraceptives and stroke in young women. Associated risk factors
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>Announcement</i>: Fifty Years of Global Immunization at CDC — 1966–2015
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

During the early 1960s, concern that smallpox could be imported into the United States, and a broader interest in solving health challenges facing humanity, catalyzed the U.S. government's commitment for global smallpox eradication, which culminated on November 23, 1965, with a White House press release announcing plans for smallpox and measles vaccination campaigns for West Africa.Shortly afterward, in January 1966, the CDC Smallpox Eradication Program was established in the Office of the CDC Director, demonstrating strong agency-wide commitment to smallpox eradication and enabling deployment of resources across the agency.Ultimately, approximately 300 CDC staff members participated in the eradication initiative, and smallpox was declared eradicated by the World Health Organization in 1980.January 2016 marks the 50th anniversary of the establishment of CDC's Smallpox Eradication Program and the
Pancreatitis
Authors: Robert M. Zollinger, Luther M. Keith, Edwin H. Ellison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

PROGRESS in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatitis has not been as satisfactory as that in many other common conditions. The inaccessible location of the pancreas has made both physical and radiologic examination unsatisfactory unless a large cyst or tumor mass is present. The retroperitoneal position of the pancreas, like that of the kidney, is responsible for the often bizarre and variable signs and symptoms. It is now recognized that repeated acute attacks of pancreatitis in the same patient are common and may have been misinterpreted or over-looked until calcific deposits are demonstrated in the region of the pancreas during . . .
A Well-Differentiated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detected Only by F-18 FDG Positron Emissio Tomography
Authors: BRUNO KRUG, JEAN-PAUL MARTINET, MARC LACROSSE, MONIQUE DELOS, THIERRY VANDER BORGHT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Because of its poor sensitivity, the role of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma is still controversial. Some authors have suggested that its primary role is to assess tumor differentiation. The poorly differentiated tumors have higher FDG uptake, and therefore can predict the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Only rarely can FDG-PET imaging reveal more lesions in the liver plus distant metastases than conventional radiologic studies. The authors present the case of a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma visualized only by FDG-PET imaging, even though the tumor was suggested by its high serum α-fetoprotein level and portal thrombosis observed on conventional radiologic images.
Developmental immunology and the immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: M. D. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1982)

THE THYMUS first appears as a proliferation of epithelial cells lining the third and fourth branchial pouches at about the sixth or seventh week of embryonic life. Lymphoid tissue first appears in the thymus at about the eighth week of gestation, presumably as a result of a thymic microenvironmental influence on pluripotential stem cells that have migrated there from the yolk sac, fetal liver, or spleen. In the thymus, these cells acquire surface differentiation antigens and function (Fig 8-1). Thymic cells forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E) have been noted as early as eight weeks. Lymphocytes with membrane markers characteristic of T cells constitute 65% to 100% of thymus cells by 18 weeks. Reactivity to phytohemagglutinin first appears in the thymus at ten weeks, in the spleen at 13 weeks, and in the peripheral blood at 14.5 weeks. Mixed lymphocyte reactivity is first detected in the thymus at 12.5
Serum electrolyte changes in near-drowning victims
Authors: J. H. Modell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In the late 1940s, Henry Swann and his colleagues<sup>1,2</sup>performed classic studies on drowning in canines. In these studies, the authors found that, under conditions of total immersion, blood volume and serum electrolyte changes occurred, which could result in death. Reports on human victims of freshwater and seawater drowning and near-drowning most frequently have noted serum electrolyte concentrations as near normal, and those that were abnormal, as rarely life-threatening.<sup>3-6</sup>These observations led to extensive studies of both animals<sup>7,8</sup>and humans<sup>9</sup>that concluded that the most pressing consequences of near-drowning were changes in respiratory function, preponderantly hypoxia and metabolic acidosis. These studies also suggested that human near-drowning victims rarely aspirate enough water to cause life-threatening changes in serum electrolyte concentrations. Furthermore, severe abnormalities in serum electrolyte concentrations could be found in only approximately 15% of persons who had died in the water and were not resuscitated.<sup>10</sup>
Costs of Oral Anticoagulation Treatment After Myocardial Infarction-Reply
Authors: John A. Cairns
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Bussey and Chiquette point out an additional problem in taking cost-benefit data obtained from one health care system and attempting to apply it directly in another. They indicate that major bleeding in routine clinical practice in the United States is likely to be much more common than is the experience in special thrombosis centers in the Netherlands and that the costs associated with major bleeding episodes would be higher. If the frequency of bleeding were in the 10% range, as has been observed in some early reports,<sup>1,2</sup>potential cost savings from anticoagulation compared with no antithrombotic therapy could be lost. In the absence of a good trial comparing a structured system of anticoagulant monitoring to routine clinical practice, there is uncertainty about whether the risk of major hemorrhage may be reduced and costs decreased among patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Even assuming that the achievement of lower
Does intermittent mandatory ventilation accelerate weaning?
Authors: E. N. Schachter
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) was introduced to facilitate the weaning of patients from mechanical ventilation. The outcome of ventilator management in 116 patients who were treated in the first three months of 1975 was compared retrospectively with that of 135 patients who were treated in the first three months of 1976. All patients who were treated in 1975 received conventional (assisted or controlled) mechanical ventilation. In 1976, seventy-seven patients (57%) were treated with the use of IMV, and 58 (43%) were treated with the use of conventional mechanical ventilation. Sixty-five patients who were treated in 1976 with the use of IMV were matched with patients who were treated in 1975 with the use of conventional ventilation, on the basis of age, sex, race, history of pulmonary disease, smoking history, diagnosis, service, and location of therapy. The average time spent on a ventilator by the IMV patients was 145 hours, whereas the matched control patients spent 142 hours. The length of hospitalization was 36 days for the IMV patients and 30 days for the control patients. These time periods were not significantly different and indicate that IMV did not reduce the length of ventilator management. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:1210-1214)
From the authors
Authors: V. Brusasco, G. Viegi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

the standard ''push as hard as you can for as long as you can'' expiratory technique was used, we observed an annual mean of ,13 episodes of pre-syncope or syncope during spirometry.Since adopting the modified technique as our standard approach in 1994, we have observed no episodes of presyncope or syncope during spirometry in the context of performing .15,000testing sessions yearly in our laboratory.4) Streamlined spirometry technique.Our experience suggests that the difference between forced vital capacity (FVC) and slow vital capacity (SVC) most often relates to the patient's inability to sustain a forced expiration rather than true physiological airtrapping.A review of our laboratory database shows the mean difference between SVC and FVC from the same testing session in patients with airflow obstruction is 0.13 L, with 23% of patients showing a slightly higher FVC than SVC.As introduction of this modified technique has lessened the difference between FVC and SVC, we no longer routinely perform the SVC manoeuvre during spirometry and measure SVC only when determining lung volumes, thereby shortening the standard spirometry procedure considerably.On this basis as well, we recommend the modified expiratory technique to others.Overall, in the context of our favourable experience with this modified expiratory technique in our initial report and over the subsequent 14 yrs, we recommend it to others and favour consideration of its endorsement in forthcoming official recommendations and guidelines as a useful strategy along with others (e.g.measuring the forced expiratory volume in six seconds [4]) to optimise spirometry measurements.
Ingrowing Toenails
Authors: J. D. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In mammals females inactivate one of the two X chromosomes during early development to achieve an equal gene dosage between sexes. This process, named X chromosome inactivation (XCI), usually occurs randomly. However, in a few instances, non-random XCI may take place, thus modulating the phenotype observed in female patients carrying mutations in X-linked genes. Different aspects related to dosage compensation contribute to explain the influences of XCI on the phenotypic variability observed in female patients. The study of two X-linked dominant male-lethal disorders, such as the microphthalmia with linear skin lesions (MLS) syndrome and the oral–facial–digital type I (OFDI) syndrome, offers the opportunity to discuss this intriguing topic. In addition, recent data on the characterisation of a murine model for OFDI provide the opportunity to discuss how differences in the XCI between <i>Homo sapiens</i> and <i>Mus musculus</i> can justify the discrepancies between the phenotypes observed in OFDI patients and the corresponding murine model.
The Tenth Report of the Human Renal Transplant Registry
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 'Baby Doe' rule
Authors: D. K. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

ON APRIL 9, 1982, "Baby Doe" was born in Bloomington, Ind. The series of events that followed, culminating in the "Baby Doe" rule, and their effects have been chronicled previously<sup>1,2</sup>and are summarized in the Table. The final version of the Baby Doe rule,<sup>3</sup>which was published Jan 12, 1984, and became effective Feb 13, 1984, reflects the history of emphasis on infants with severe congenital defects. The exceptions specified in the April 15, 1985, Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention and Treatment Program final rule also reflect the history of emphasis on easily identifiable conditions with predictable disabilities.<sup>4</sup>They appear to be adequate for selecting appropriate treatment options for certain infants such as an anencephalic fetus, for whom all treatment would be expected to be futile, or the infant with Down's syndrome with only duodenal atresia, for whom surgical treatment would clearly be a benefit. However, the
Pigmented neurofibroma
Authors: DONALD M. WILLIAMSON, RICHARD I.C. SUGGIT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Pigmented neurofibroma Get access DONALD M. WILLIAMSON, DONALD M. WILLIAMSON Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Pontefract General Infirmary, Yorkshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RICHARD I.C. SUGGIT RICHARD I.C. SUGGIT Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Pontefract General Infirmary, Yorkshire Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 97, Issue 6, 1 December 1977, Pages 685–688, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb14278.x Published: 01 December 1977
O10 * A NOVEL POLYCOMB FEED FORWARD LOOP IN GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME
Authors: B. Ricci, D. Ceric, M. Barnes, S. Marino
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive high grade glioma and the most common malignant adult brain tumour. Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms is an essential driver in the progression of malignant gliomas. Polycomb group proteins (PcG) are chromatin associated proteins that play an essential role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression by maintaining heritable gene repression. METHOD: We used genetically engineered mouse models to study overexpression of PcG gene Bmi1 in neural stem cells (NSC) and GBM initiating cells (GBM-IC). ChIP followed by target specific or genome wide screening was carried out and the results analysed in combination with gene expression as assessed by RNASeq. RESULTS: Overexpression of Bmi1 in NSC increased their proliferation and self-renewal. At the mechanistic level, in Bmi1Over NSC we observed downregulation of both the p21/Foxg1 and the ink4a/arf pathways, the latter of which coincided with the accumulation of H3K27me3 at the promoter region of the p16ink4a gene. This suggests that increased trimethylation of H3K27 is a core mechanism mediating the functional outcome of Bmi1 upregulation. To understand how aberrant H3K27me3 contributes to gliomagenesis, a genome wide ChIPSeq analysis for H3K27me3 and RNASeq were performed on Bmi1Over NSC and GBM-IC expressing similar level of Bmi1 and results of this analysis will also be presented. CONCLUSION: Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the epigenetic dysregulation observed in high grade gliomas is essential for the identification of novel biomarkers of early stage tumours and also offers an opportunity to identify novel druggable targets or drug repositioning opportunities for more effective therapies.
Oral contraceptives. Current status of therapy
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thyroid dysfunction in the ailing, aging, and aberrant
Authors: M. L. Nusynowitz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The unusually high sensitivity and specificity of the serum free thyroxine (FT<sub>4</sub>) index—the product of the total thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) and triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) uptake—makes this readily obtainable laboratory measurement a superb discriminator of thyroid dysfunction, even where the clinical findings of hypothyroidism or thyrotoxicosis are minimal or lacking. In thyrotoxicosis, elevation of the FT<sub>4</sub>index is an almost universal finding, occurring even before symptoms and signs are evident. In the unusual case of T<sub>3</sub>thyrotoxicosis (T<sub>3</sub>toxicosis), the FT<sub>4</sub>index may not reflect the thyrotoxic state, but determination of the T<sub>3</sub>concentration and calculation of the free T<sub>3</sub>FT<sub>3</sub>index enable the diagnosis to be made readily. The T<sub>3</sub>concentration and FT<sub>3</sub>index are not good tests for hypothyroidism, since the results are normal in 30% to 50% of proved cases; but in the absence of pituitary disease, elevation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) will presage the disorder,