tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Protecting Vision
Authors: Barbara E.K. Klein, Ronald Klein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Epidemiologic studies of vision usually describe the frequency of impaired vision in noninstitutionalized populations. Few such studies have surveyed vision in residents of long-term care facilities. Because Tielsch et al., the authors of a report in this issue of the Journal, 1 surveyed visual acuity in the general adult population2 and in nursing home residents1 in the same communities, they were able to compare the two populations. This comparison is telling because of the markedly higher frequency of impaired vision among people in nursing homes. Whether the impaired vision hastened nursing home admission (and prolonged the stay) or is merely a . . .
THE DISEASE OF INEBRIETY.ITS STUDY FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE EXPERIENCE OF AMERICAN PHYSICIANS OF EMINENCE WHO HAVE WORKED IN THIS FIELD OF RESEARCH.
Authors: EDWARD C. MANN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

<h3>SPREEING AND TIPPLING.</h3> A not uncommon form of the tendency to inebriety is manifested, especially in young men, in whom the propensity is not fully developed. This consists in the practice of occasional "spreeing," as it is sometimes termed. This forms one of the earliest stages of the habit or attack, and may be properly termed the formative stage. It makes its appearance on occasions of rejoicing, at festivals and celebrations, on Fourth of July and during the holidays. At other times the propensity is dormant, and the individual is in no way affected by it. There is a feature in this malady, which may be properly noted in this place, and that is that in the advanced stages of the disease nothing satisfies but complete intoxication. So completely is the system under the influence of the morbid propensity, that the desire to get drunk is irresistible. No lesser degree
Can Genetics Help Diagnose the Hyper-IgD and Periodic Fever Syndrome?
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Summaries for Patients4 September 2001Can Genetics Help Diagnose the Hyper-IgD and Periodic Fever Syndrome?Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-5-200109040-00006 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Periodic fever is an uncommon condition defined by recurring bouts of fever in people who seem healthy except during their fever attacks. The condition is hard to diagnose because there are several types of periodic fever as well as multiple causes of recurring fevers. In 1984, researchers identified a type of periodic fever that they called the hyper-IgD and periodic fever syndrome (HIDS). People with HIDS have persistently high levels of an antibody known as immunoglobulin D (IgD). They have recurring bouts of high fever with swollen lymph ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The summary below is from the full report titled “Molecular Analysis of the Mevalonate Kinase Gene in a Cohort of Patients with the Hyper-IgD and Periodic Fever Syndrome: Its Application as a Diagnostic Tool.” It is in the 4 September 2001 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 135, pages 338-343). The authors are A Simon, L Cuisset, M-F Vincent, SD van der Velde-Visser, M Delpech, JWM van der Meer, and JPH Drenth, for the International HIDS Study Group.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoMolecular Analysis of the Mevalonate Kinase Gene in a Cohort of Patients with the Hyper-IgD and Periodic Fever Syndrome: Its Application as a Diagnostic Tool Anna Simon , Laurence Cuisset , M.-Françoise Vincent , Saskia D. van der Velde-Visser , Marc Delpech , Jos W.M. van der Meer , Joost P.H. Drenth , and Metrics Cited byExtrapyramidal Syndrome Presenting as Dysphagia: A Case ReportProteins identified by serum protein electrophoresis 4 September 2001Volume 135, Issue 5Page: I-36KeywordsArthralgiaBlood cellsDiarrheaFeversGeneticsLymphLymph nodesMolecular biologyRashesVomiting ePublished: 4 September 2001 Issue Published: 4 September 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cancer care transparency: Trying to move the dial in California.
Authors: Stephanie Teleki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

85 Background: In 2012, approximately 140,000 patients (more than 16 new cases each hour) were diagnosed with cancer in California. Yet there is little useful information about the quality of cancer care to help patients, providers and payers make decisions about care. Methods: In 2012, the California HealthCare Foundation, an Oakland-based independent nonprofit philanthropy, launched an initiative focused on improving cancer care quality measurement and public reporting in the State. Since then, the Foundation has funded a number of projects aimed at filling information gaps: development of an interactive map and reports with data about the variation of care for breast and prostate cancer in California using State discharge and registry data (May 2013); development of a Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) patient experience of cancer care survey instrument (with NCI and AHRQ, in progress); exploratory analytic work to determine the feasibility of measuring and reporting the number of cancer procedures performed by hospitals using State discharge data, for procedures where there is an established volume-outcome link (with Stanford University, in progress); exploratory analytic work to determine the feasibility of measuring cancer care quality at the medical group level in California (with Integrated Healthcare Association; in progress); a report on cancer care spending in California (with Dana Farber, in progress). Results: Significant challenges exist at the state level to provide information for improved decision-making about cancer care. Among them: access to data, especially cancer registry data that importantly includes detailed diagnostic information; lack of clinical outcome and patient experience measures; time needed to engage partners; and costs of carrying out quality measurement projects. Conclusions: This presentation would review efforts underway in California, providing a view of the challenges and opportunities at the state level for cancer quality measurement and public reporting. This presentation could be conceived as part of an interactive break-out session with 1-2 other panelists with real-world experience.
Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Intrauterine devices
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carcinoma of the lung and cigarette smoking. Effect on serum ribonuclease activity
Authors: D. Maor
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Serum ribonuclease levels were determined in 54 patients with lung carcinoma, 74 long-term cigarette smokers, and 172 nonsmokers. The mean serum ribonuclease level was significantly higher in patients with lung carcinoma and long-term smokers compared with healthy nonsmokers (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The serum ribonuclease activity level was not related to chronological age, sex, or race of the smoker or nonsmoker population. Forty (75%) of 53 patients with lung cancer and 49 (66%) of 74 smokers had elevated serum ribonuclease levels compared with 13 (7%) of 179 nonsmoker healthy controls (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). The highest incidence of elevation was noted in patients with epidermoid carcinoma (95%). (<i>JAMA</i>239:2766-2768, 1978)
LYSOZYME AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Chemical Suppression of Steroidogenesis
Authors: Howard D. Colby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

A large number of chemicals are known to interfere with steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex and other tissues. Many xenobiotics inhibit steroid hormone production as a result of interactions with cytochrome P-450-containing hydroxylases in adrenal mitochondria or microsomes. For example, metyrapone, a compound used clinically in the evaluation of pituitary-adrenocortical function, binds to various cytochromes P-450 in the adrenal, preventing the interactions of steroid substrates with the enzymes and inhibiting steroidogenesis. The mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone, and its major circulating metabolite, canrenone, also competitively interact with adrenal steroid hydroxylases. In addition, spironolactone is converted by adrenal microsomes to an unknown metabolite which promotes the destruction of cytochromes P-450, decreasing the activities of steroid hydroxylases. Carbon tetrachloride is similarly "activated" by adrenal microsomal mixed function oxidases resulting in a decline in steroidogenic enzyme activity. Carbon tetrachloride (in the presence of NADPH) initiates lipid peroxidation in adrenal microsomes but its toxic effects on steroid hydroxylases are fully demonstrable when lipid peroxidation is inhibited by EDTA. A number of heavy metals, including cadmium, also inhibit adrenal steroid hydroxylases. When incubated with adrenal microsomes, cadmium does not affect cytochrome P-450 levels but decreases basal and substrate stimulated NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity. Although inhibitory effects of many chemicals on steroidogenesis have been described, the toxicological significance as well as definitive mechanisms of action have in most cases yet to be determined.
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1953)

paraffins are the least liable to affections of the skin.High- temperature coal tar, which, together with its pitch, produces far more cases of industrial cancer than do all other materials put together, is especially poor in paraffins, and contains less of them than does non-carcinogenic blast- furnace tar.The petroleums of Pennsylvania, Canada, Galicia, and Rumania contain especially large amounts (up to 85%) of chemical paraffins, but are not distinguished by producing many cases of petroleum cancer.Prosser White2 says, "The writer has watched women and girls employed all their working hours, year after year, bedaubed with refined paraffin wax free from impurities, none of whom have ever experienced the least trace of inconvenience or distress."So far as the writer knows, there is no evidence that the medicinal " liquid paraffin " taken by mouth has any carcino- genic action upon the alimentary tract or upon any other organs.The proverbial difficulty of proving a negative of
Ubiquitin ligase TRIM3 controls hippocampal plasticity and learning by regulating synaptic γ-actin levels
Authors: Joerg Schreiber, Marlene J. Végh, Julia Dawitz, Tim Kroon, Maarten Loos, Dorthe Labonté, Ka Wan Li, Pim Van Nierop, Michiel T. Van Diepen, Chris I. De Zeeuw, Matthias Kneussel, Rhiannon M. Meredith, August B. Smit, Ronald E. Van Kesteren
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2015)
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR WOMEN EMPLOYEES
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Improving the Accuracy of Death Certificates
Authors: Randy Hanzlick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recent letters have addressed death certificate errors, prompting a few additional comments.<sup>1,2</sup>One of us (R.H.) reported that 26% of death certificates for autopsy cases indicated that an autopsy had<i>not</i>been performed.<sup>1</sup>Thus, death certificates may not be good indicators of whether an autopsy was performed, but the utility of such "incorrect" information was not noted. For example, if the certifier is unaware of autopsy performance and indicates on the death certificate that an autopsy was<i>not</i>performed, documentation then exists that the stated cause of death was not based on autopsy findings. Such information is important to epidemiologists and researchers. A second letter reported a failed attempt to correct death certificate errors through independent death certificate review, suggesting that other quality improvement measures may be required.<sup>2</sup>We offer the following illustrative experience and suggest some measures that might be undertaken to make
Enhanced ERK-1/2 activation in mice susceptible to coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis
Authors: Mary Anne Opavsky, Tami Martino, Marlene Rabinovitch, Josef Penninger, Chris Richardson, Martin Petric, Cathy Trinidad, Lisa Butcher, Janice Chan, Peter P. Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Group B coxsackieviral (CVB) infection commonly causes viral myocarditis. Mice are protected from CVB3 myocarditis by gene-targeted knockout of p56Lck(Lck), the Src family kinase (Src) essential for T cell activation. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK-1/2) can influence cell function downstream of Lck. Using T cell lines and neonatal cardiac myocytes we investigated the role of ERK-1/2 in CVB3 infection. In Jurkat T cells ERK-1/2 is rapidly activated by CVB3; but, this response is absent in Lck-negative JCaM T cells. Inhibition of ERK-1/2 with UO126 reduced CVB3 titers in Jurkat cells, but not in JCaM cells. In cardiac myocytes CVB3 activation of ERK-1/2 is blocked by the Src inhibitor PP2. In addition, viral production in myocytes is decreased by Src or ERK-1/2 inhibition. In vitro, in both immune and myocardial cells, ERK-1/2 is activated by CVB3 downstream of Lck and other Src's and is necessary for efficient CVB3 replication. In vivo, following CVB3 infection, ERK-1/2 activation is evident in the myocardium. ERK-1/2 activation is intense in the hearts of myocarditis-susceptible A/J mice. In contrast, significantly less ERK-1/2 activation is found in the hearts of myocarditis-resistant C57BL/6 mice. Therefore, the ERK-1/2 response to CVB3 infection may contribute to differential host susceptibility to viral myocarditis.
Risk factors for hepatitis C virus seropositivity in heterosexual couples
Authors: D. H. Osmond
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To determine the risk of heterosexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to identify other risk factors for HCV seropositivity in heterosexual couples. <h3>Design.</h3> —Retrospective cross-sectional study comparing HCV-seropositive and HCV-seronegative heterosexual men and women. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Couples recruited from the community and screened for participation in a study of the heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 340 subjects, 170 men and 170 women in sexual partnerships, aged 18 through 61 years. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Seropositivity for HCV antibodies. <h3>Results.</h3> —Overall, 31 (18%) of the 170 women and 56 (33%) of the 170 men were positive by a four-antigen HCV immunoblot. Injection drug use and hemophilia were strongly associated with HCV seropositivity. Sixty-four percent of injection drug users were positive (odds ratio [OR], 27.0; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 13.4 to 56.1;<i>P</i>&lt;.0001), as were all four hemophiliacs in the study. History of blood transfusion was significantly associated with HCV seropositivity (OR, 2.7; 95% Cl, 1.1 to 7.0;<i>P</i>=.02). Positivity for HCV was not associated with measures of sexual behavior within couples or with numbers of other sexual partners, history of sexually transmitted diseases, or human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity. However, two of the 31 women without parenteral risk but with a long-term HCV-positive male partner were HCV seropositive compared with none of 81 women with an HCV-negative male partner (<i>P</i>=.07). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These results provide little evidence of HCV sexual transmission but are consistent with infrequent sexual transmission. They corroborate the importance of injection drug use and transfusion of blood or blood products in transmitting HCV and underscore the importance of ascertaining parenteral exposures when examining sexual transmission of HCV. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:361-365)
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.
Authors: F P Ognibene, J H Shelhamer, G S Hoffman, G S Kerr, D Reda, A S Fauci, R Y Leavitt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The risk factors and clinical and laboratory parameters in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis have not been well characterized. We undertook a retrospective chart review of all patients with a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis and P. carinii pneumonia who were followed at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health. The chart review focused on clinical, laboratory, and roentgenologic evidence of P. carinii pneumonia. Eleven cases of P. carinii pneumonia were diagnosed in some 180 patients with Wegener's granulomatosis, for an overall incidence of approximately 6%. All patients developed P. carinii pneumonia either during the initial course of treatment or during therapy for recurrent Wegener's granulomatosis. All patients were receiving daily glucocorticoids and a second immunosuppressive therapy. Lymphocytopenia was noted in all patients, with a mean +/- SEM total lymphocyte count of 303 +/- 69 cells/microL. All patients tested (10 of 11) were seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Eight presented with worsening chest roentgenograms compared with baseline, whereas three presented with normal chest roentgenograms. We conclude that P. carinii is a common opportunistic pathogen in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Therapeutic immunosuppression (daily glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents) and the resultant lymphocytopenia, as well as the lymphocyte and monocyte functional abnormalities caused by glucocorticoids, may be the most likely factors predisposing to P. carinii pneumonia in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Based on our data, all patients with Wegener's granulomatosis should be given chemoprophylaxis against P. carinii while they are receiving daily glucocorticoids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Medicare's New Physician Pay Disparity
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal