tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Defensive Medicine
Authors: Marshall B. Kapp
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his editorial entitled "Defensive Medicine: It Costs, but Does it Work?,"1 Dr Harris hits the nail squarely on the head. Much of what generally passes for defensive medicine, as measured by self-reports of physician behavior, is based more on popular mythology than acceptable medical or legal standards and consequently conveys little or no clinical benefit or legal protection. This counterproductive phenomenon is especially well illustrated in the case of excessive overuse of diagnostic testing procedures. As a colleague and I have attempted to demonstrate using tonometry testing for glaucoma as a model,<sup>2</sup>diagnostic testing that is not based on solid scientific evidence and sound biostatistical probabilities is likely to be economically wasteful, nonbeneficial or even harmful clinically, and neutral at best for the physician's legal position. The current medical malpractice situation in the United States is indeed a crisis, demanding major alterations both in the
Clinical temperature. New physiological basis
Authors: T. H. Benzinger
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Quantitative mechanisms that regulate normal temperature and determine its clinical aberrations have been found with the methods of gradient calorimetry and tympanic thermometry. Homeostasis is achieved by warm-sensitive neurons of a "human thermostat" or "temperature-eye" in the anterior portion of the hypothalamus. These fire and excite sweating and vasodilatation for heat loss when their temperature exceeds a sharply determined set point near 37 C (98.6 F). Similar warm-sensitive neurons inhibit, through a synaptic station in the posterior portion of the hypothalamus, the metabolic response to cold which is excited by cold-receptors of the skin firing from thresholds at 33 to 35 C (91.4 to 95 F). Pyrogens depress or extinguish firing of central thermoreceptors. The set point is shifted. Fever develops. These findings provide a basis for the understanding of clinical temperature, and the tool for its reliable measurement—tympanic, not rectal thermometry.
Comparative antianginal efficacy and tolerability of ranolazine in diabetic and nondiabetic patients: Results of the MARISA trial Vincent DeQuattro, Sandra Skettino, Bernard P. Chaitman, Peter C. Hanley, Petr Jansky, J.K. Kuch, John O. Parker, J.J. Nelson, David Hebert, Andrew A. Wolff. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, CV Therapeutics, Palo Alto, CA
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Weaving
Authors: Ting Gou
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identification of Cardiac-Specific Myosin Light Chain Kinase
Authors: Jason Y. Chan, Morihiko Takeda, Laura E. Briggs, Megan L. Graham, Jonathan T. Lu, Nobuo Horikoshi, Ellen O. Weinberg, Hiroki Aoki, Naruki Sato, Kenneth R. Chien, Hideko Kasahara
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Two myosin light chain (MLC) kinase (MLCK) proteins, smooth muscle (encoded by mylk1 gene) and skeletal (encoded by mylk2 gene) MLCK, have been shown to be expressed in mammals. Even though phosphorylation of its putative substrate, MLC2, is recognized as a key regulator of cardiac contraction, a MLCK that is preferentially expressed in cardiac muscle has not yet been identified. In this study, we characterized a new kinase encoded by a gene homologous to mylk1 and - 2 , named cardiac MLCK, which is specifically expressed in the heart in both atrium and ventricle. In fact, expression of cardiac MLCK is highly regulated by the cardiac homeobox protein Nkx2-5 in neonatal cardiomyocytes. The overall structure of cardiac MLCK protein is conserved with skeletal and smooth muscle MLCK; however, the amino terminus is quite unique, without significant homology to other known proteins, and its catalytic activity does not appear to be regulated by Ca 2+ /calmodulin in vitro. Cardiac MLCK is phosphorylated and the level of phosphorylation is increased by phenylephrine stimulation accompanied by increased level of MLC2v phosphorylation. Both overexpression and knockdown of cardiac MLCK in cultured cardiomyocytes revealed that cardiac MLCK is likely a new regulator of MLC2 phosphorylation, sarcomere organization, and cardiomyocyte contraction.
调节性T细胞作为银屑病的治疗靶向
Authors: I.S. Kotb, B.J. Lewis, R.N. Barker, A.D. Ormerod
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

银屑病是影响皮肤和关节的一种常见疾病。皮肤银屑病往往周而复始,持续一生,且没有明显病因,因此会让患者痛苦不已。某些银屑病患者的其他家属可能受同样问题困扰,但并非总是如此。银屑病患者会产生更多皮肤细胞,从而在皮肤上层累积并在皮肤上形成片状斑块或严重的头皮屑。该病的病因尚不清楚,被认为涉及到基因和免疫系统,而我们目前采用的治疗仅可控制银屑病,但无法治愈。本研究在英国阿伯丁开展,旨在探究免疫系统的两类细胞;一种可能会诱发或导致银屑病的发生,而另一种有抵抗银屑病和镇静皮肤的能力。我们通过采集血液和皮肤样本测试了我们常用于治疗银屑病的某些注射、乳膏和光线对有关细胞的作用。我们发现,皮肤在六周后好转。光线使得“好”细胞的数量升高,而注射导致“坏”细胞的数量减少并且对“好”细胞没有影响。乳膏会增加“好”细胞并减少“坏”细胞。我们在血液和皮肤中都注意到这些变化,这意味着乳膏和光线可能对血液循环中的细胞产生作用,因此可在未来用于发明更安全的新疗法
Gastric Candidiasis
Authors: S. F. Gaylord
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I recently encountered a case of gastrie candidiasis in a stitch ulcer (240:2181, 1978). This occurred six months ago with successful removal of the suture material. The patient was treated with nystatin. The patient was cured of the candidiasis invasion. My patient was not immunosuppressed nor was there any evidence of carcinoma.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Istvan Rozsos
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A recent editorial<sup>1</sup>and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology Assessment (DATTA) report<sup>2</sup>considered the treatment of uncomplicated cholelithiasis by laparascopic cholecystectomy as effective and safe. The major contribution of this less invasive and quasi-microsurgical procedure is the greatly reduced postoperative pain. Speedier recovery benefits patients, health care systems, and a country's economy. Complications during the learning period may be slightly higher since surgeons are accustomed to viewing intra-abdominal structures three dimensionally, and in laparoscopic cholecystectomy they operate using a two-dimensional television monitor with somewhat unnatural colors. These drawbacks are compensated for by the magnified view through the television system. Over half a million cholecystectomies are performed annually in the United States. On a global basis this would translate into millions performed in thousands of hospitals. The unit cost of new equipment is $35 000 to $50 000, which more than doubles if yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) or potassium-titanyl-phosphate
Preliminary Experimentation with Specific Immunotherapy of Neoplastic Disease in Man
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Engineering Approach to Controlling Indoor Air Quality
Authors: James E. Woods
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Evidence is accumulating that indicates air quality problems in residential and commercial buildings are nearly always associated with inadequacies in building design and methods of operation. Thus, the very systems depended on to control the indoor environment can become indirect sources of contamination if diligence is not exercised at each stage of a building's life: a) planning and design, b) construction and commissioning, c) operation, and d) demolition or renovation. In this paper, an engineering perspective is presented in which the existing building stock is characterized in terms of its environmental performance. Preliminary data indicate that 20 to 30% of the existing buildings have sufficient problems to manifest as sick-building syndrome or building-related illness, while another 10 to 20% may have undetected problems. Thus, only about 50 to 70% of the existing buildings qualify as healthy buildings. Two methods and three mechanisms of control are described to achieve "acceptable" indoor air quality: source control and exposure control. If sources cannot be removed, some level of occupant exposure will result. To control exposures with acceptable values, the primary sensory receptors of the occupants (i.e., thermal, ocular, auditory, and olfactory) cannot be excessively stimulated. The three exposure control mechanisms are conduction, radiation, and convection. To achieve acceptable occupant responses, it is often practical to integrate the mechanisms of radiation and convection in heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems that are designed to provide acceptable thermal, acoustic, and air quality conditions within occupied spaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asbestos and Colon Cancer: A Weight-of-the-Evidence Review
Authors: John F. Gamble
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

What is the evidence that exposure to asbestos causes colon cancer? This weight-of-evidence review considers epidemiologic evidence from cohort studies of asbestos-exposed workers, case-control studies of colon cancer, animal bioassays, and other corroborative evidence. The major evidence for a causal association at high exposure is a combined colorectal standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of 1.5 for asbestos cohorts where the lung cancer SMR was greater than twofold. However, misdiagnosis may spuriously elevate the SMR. The strongest evidence against a causal association between colon cancer and asbestos exposure is the lack of an exposure-response gradient in asbestos cohorts where trends for lung cancer are observed. Population-based case-control studies of colon cancer do not show any consistent risk associated with asbestos exposure. Long-term ingestion studies show no evidence of an increased incidence of colon cancer in animals by this route of exposure and do not provide biological plausibility for a causal association between asbestos exposure and colon cancer.
Otolaryngology
Authors: Byron J. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The last two years have been a period of rapid advancement and innovation in otolaryngology—including the formal consideration of a name change for the specialty to "head and neck medicine and surgery." This review will focus on important new developments in otology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, and head and neck oncology. <h3>Otology</h3><h3>BSER Audiometry (BERA).—</h3> House and Brackmann<sup>1</sup>found brainstem-evoked response audiometry (BERA) to be a valuable adjunct to neuro-otologic diagnosis in patients with acoustic nerve tumors. They noted a delay or absence of wave V in 98% (143 of 146) of patients with acoustic neurinomas and reported 10% false-positive results in their experience. Glasscock et al<sup>2</sup>have employed BERA in the evaluation of more than 500 patients (639 ears). They also report a diagnostic success rate of 98% in regard to cerebellopontine angle tumors and emphasize the broader usefulness of the test in neuro-otology. Galambos and
Abstract 447: Chronic Neuropathic Pain Elicits Cardioprotection via Anterior Nucleus of Paraventricular Thalamus in Mice
Authors: Yi-Fen Cheng*, Ya-Ting Chang*, Wei-Hsin Chen, Hsi-Chien Shih, Yen-Hui Chen, Bai-Chuang Shyu, Chien-Chang Chen
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death worldwide. Restored blood flow quickly rescues myocardium but also causes ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Chronic pain affects up to 25% of population worldwide. Whether there is any correlation between IR injury and chronic pain is unknown. Here we show that chronic neuropathic pain reduces IR injury via an anterior nucleus of paraventricular thalamus (PVA)-dependent parasympathetic pathway in mice. Intra-PVA infusion of U0126, a MEK inhibitor, prevents the activation of ERK and abolishes spared nerve injury (SNI)-induced cardioprotection. We also demonstrate that activation of PVA neurons by phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu) or optogenetic stimulation is sufficient to induce cardioprotection. The PVA-dependent cardioprotection is abolished by hexamethethonum and glycopyrrolate but not propranolol. Furthermore, SNI surgery and optogenetic stimulation of PVA neurons reduce the heart rate. These results suggest that the parasympathetic nerve mediates this cardioprotection. Thus, we reveal a novel mechanism linking chronic neuropathic pain and cardioprotection via a PVA-dependent parasympathetic pathway.
TREATMENT OF HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM
Authors: F. Baltodano C.
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to Dr. Udaeta's treatment of vomiting in pregnancy (Madrid Letter,The Journal, March 15, p. 922), through mere chance I stumbled on the conclusion that by transfusing blood from the husband to the pregnant wife, it is possible to control within twenty-four hours the most rebellious vomiting of pregnancy. I have tried this successfully in three cases. I have also two other cases, but in these the transfusion was not made by the vein-to-vein method, but merely by taking 4 c.c. of the donor's blood and, after mixing it with 1 c.c. of 1 per cent. sodium citrate solution, injecting it into the recipient. This was repeated twice. The vomiting also stopped forty-eight hours after the first injection. I should not have dared to report this small number of cases had I not read inThe Journalof Dr. Udaeta's theory of vomiting in pregnancy.
Vital Statistics
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Vital StatisticsInfectous Diseases The chief features of the returns of the notifications of infectious diseases in England and Wales during the week ending June 25 were decreases of 1,317 for measles, from 21,832 to 20,515, and 46 for scarlet fever, from 587 to 541, and increases of 157 for whooping-cough, from 1,666 to 1,823, and 25 for acute poliomyelitis, from 29 to 54.The largest falls in the incidence of measles were 239 in Yorkshire West Riding, from 1,410 to 1,171, 227 in Warwick- shire, from 693 to 466, 200 in Essex, from 1,134 to 934, 189 in Staffordshire, from 919 to 730, 164 in Surrey, from 880 to 716, 137 in Sussex, from 814 to 677, and 121 in Lancashire, from 1,032 to 911, and the largest rises were 162 in Devon- shire, from 549 to 711, and 150 in Glamorganshire, from 1,193 to 1,343.The largest increases in the number of notifications of whooping-cough were 95 in Kent, from 63 to 158, and 44 in London, from 51 to 95.The rise in Kent was due to an outbreak involving 84 persons in Faversham M.B.No large fluctuations were recorded in the trends of scarlet fever.18 cases of diphtheria were notified, being 8 more than in the preceding week.Diphtheria was mainly confined to four areas-Birmingham C.B. 5, Liverpool C.B. 4, London 4, Taunton R.D. 3. The two main centres of paratyphoid fever were York- shire West Riding 12 (Sheffield C.B. 12) and Sussex 7 (Brighton C.B. 2, Hove M.B. 2).54 cases of acute poliomyelitis were notified during the week, and these were 13 more for paralytic and 12 for nonparalytic cases than in the preceding week.The largest returns were Yorkshire West Riding 22 (Barnsley C.B. 7, Spenborough M.B. 3, Leeds C.B. 2, Rawmarsh U.D. 2, Worsborough U.D. 2), London 8 (Stepney 4), and Lanca- shire 6 (Liverpool C.B. 3, Manchester C.B. 2).The notifications of dysentery numbered 862, being 3 more than in the preceding week.The largest returns were Lancashire 300 (Liverpool C.B. 58
Provincial Medical and Surgical Association: Proceedings of Council
Journal: BMJ (1841)

That the Council do not consider that the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association is pledged to su1pport the bill which may have been adopted by the con- ference of the medical associations in London, since some of the delegates appointed by their Council have not at- tended,* and others have resigned,t and the Council are ignoratt of the nature of the clauses of the proposed bill.Resolved,-That this CoseIl thipk it desirable that the reform proposed by the nmedical coiporations in London should be
Periurethral bacterial flora in women. Prolonged intermittent colonization with Escherichia coli
Authors: C. M. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To determine whether the periurethral flora of women with recurrent urinary infections differ from that of women without infection, a prospective study was conducted of matched premenopausal women. Daily or alternate-day urine cultures in patients and control subjects were obtained for six months to one year, as were daily records of sexual intercourse. Periurethral colonization with the same organism preceded 29 of 31 and six of seven episodes of significant bacteriuria in patients and control subjects, respectively. Prolonged periods of intermittent colonization with the same<i>Escherichia coli</i>serotype were observed in both patients and control subjects. Proportion of days of colonization of<i>E coli</i>or other Gram-negative bacteria was not significantly different between cases and controls and was not influenced by rates of sexual intercourse. Spontaneous cure occurred despite continued sexual intercourse. (<i>JAMA</i>243:134-139, 1980)
VARIABLE FACTORS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Journal: JAMA (1921)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cost containment and changing physicians' practice behavior. Can the fox learn to guard the chicken coop?
Authors: J. M. Eisenberg
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The important role of physicians in the generation of medical care costs is evident, but methods of inducing physicians to participate in cost-containment efforts are not well developed. Efforts to change physicians' use of medical services have included education, peer review and feedback, administrative changes, participation, penalties, and rewards. Although educational programs have had mixed success, those using individualized instruction have been most effective. Several feedback and peer-review programs have demonstrated reductions in costs, as have administrative interventions. While penalties and direct rewards may be effective, alterations in the current reimbursement system could offer financial incentives to physicians who practice in a cost-effective manner. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2195-2201)
Super Skin
Authors: Jorge Roman, Sarah D. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Cervical Cytology
Authors: J. A. U. Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Lithium is a medication with a variety of medical usage for various diseases including bipolar mood disorder. As the therapeutic window of lithium is narrow, its usage is commonly associated with toxicity. Lithium toxicity affects multiple systems especially the central nervous system, leading to neuropsychiatric complications. Haemodialysis is an effective method for lithium removal especially in severe lithium toxicity such as neurotoxicity with electroencephalogram changes. We describe a case of lithium neurotoxicity with electroencephalographic abnormalities which was reversed following haemodialysis.