tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Observations on Typhoid or Intestinal Fever: The Pythogenic Theory
Authors: W. Budd
Journal: BMJ (1861)

So the ordinary face and view of experieuce is many times satisfied by seveiral theories and philosophies; whereas, to find the real truth, requireth another manner of severity and attention."(Advancemtent of Learning.)PART III.(Concluded.)DOES INTESTINAL (TYPHOID) FEVER EVER ARISE SPONTANEOUSLY?Summary of Conclusions established in preceding Papers.Their general Efect to show T.yphoid Fever to be exclusively contagious.The only Evi- dentce to the contrary Negative Evidence.If lTyphoid Fever originate spontaneously, by the same Rule Small-pox and Plants and Animals oriqinate in the same Way.First Oriqin of all these Things wvrapped in impenetrable Obscurity.,Small-pox.Itch.Syphtilis.Resume of the whole Ar.qument.THERE still remains another mode of dealing with this question, on which a word must be said before I conclude.As all contagious diseases must, in the first instance, have occurred independently of con- tagion, it is often argued that there is every reason to believe they still do so.This is the last refuge of the partisan of sponta- neous origin.M. Trousseau, who, although an avowed conta- gionist, is an equally firm believer in "spontaneity," has put the case very clearly.After observing that the spontaneous origin of contagious disorders is not only a fact that cannot be contested, but is an im- portant element in the development even of the most contagious among them, he adds:-"In fact, as contagion implies necessarily the presence of two persons, the one giving and the other receiving the morbific germ, it is too obvious that in the first person attacked by a contagious malady the disease must have developed itself spon- taneously, and was formed out of its prime elements, under the influence of causes which are completely -unknown to us."*Following up this view, this distinguished teacher suggests that, many cases in which diseases of this kind spring up in isolated places can only be ex- plained by supposing that the same thing still happens.Small-pox, that is to say, having once originated de novo, must originate de novo now.For that, if it is to have any force at all, is what the argument amounts to.But it is obvious, from what has gone before, that, if this argument applies to the specific contagions, * The exact words are these:-"La spontan6itO est donc un fait incontestable dans le developpement des maladies meme les plus
Group B streptococcal β-hemolysin/cytolysin activates neutrophil signaling pathways in brain endothelium and contributes to development of meningitis
Authors: Kelly S. Doran, George Y. Liu, Victor Nizet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Meningitis occurs when blood-borne pathogens cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a complex interplay between endothelial cells and microbial gene products. We sought to understand the initial response of the BBB to the human meningeal pathogen group B Streptococcus (GBS) and the organism's major virulence factors, the exopolysaccharide capsule and the β-hemolysin/cytolysin toxin (β-h/c). Using oligonucleotide microarrays, we found that GBS infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) induced a highly specific and coordinate set of genes including IL-8, Groα, Groβ, IL-6, GM-CSF, myeloid cell leukemia sequence-1 (Mcl-1), and ICAM-1, which act to orchestrate neutrophil recruitment, activation, and enhanced survival. Most strikingly, infection with a GBS strain lacking β-h/c resulted in a marked reduction in expression of genes involved in the immune response, while the unencapsulated strain generally induced similar or greater expression levels for the same subset of genes. Cell-free bacterial supernatants containing β-h/c activity induced IL-8 release, identifying this toxin as a principal provocative factor for BBB activation. These findings were further substantiated in vitro and in vivo. Neutrophil migration across polar HBMEC monolayers was stimulated by GBS and its β-h/c through a process involving IL-8 and ICAM-1. In a murine model of hematogenous meningitis, mice infected with β-h/c mutants exhibited lower mortality and decreased brain bacterial counts compared with mice infected with the corresponding WT GBS strains.
Gemcitabine, Carboplatin, and Paclitaxel for Patients With Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Site: A Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network Study
Authors: F. A. Greco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of the novel chemotherapy combination that includes gemcitabine, carboplatin, and paclitaxel in the treatment of patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty patients were treated with the following regimen, administered every 21 days for a planned four courses: gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8, carboplatin at an estimated area under the concentration-time curve of 5 mg min/mL IV on day 1, and paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 IV on day 1. After four courses, stable and responding patients were given weekly paclitaxel 70 mg/m2 IV for 6 weeks for three 8-week courses. All patients had relatively poor prognostic features. Sixty-three patients had well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 56 patients had poorly differentiated carcinoma, and 104 patients had performance status of 0 or 1. RESULTS: Twenty-eight (25%) of 113 assessable patients (95% confidence interval, 22% to 30%) had major objective responses to treatment. Response rates were similar in the two major histologic types. Response rate did not seem to be improved by continued therapy with weekly paclitaxel. The median progression-free survival time was 6 months. Median survival for the entire group was 9 months, and the actuarial survival at 1 and 2 years was 42% and 23%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine, carboplatin, and paclitaxel followed by weekly paclitaxel is an active and tolerable treatment for patients with carcinoma of unknown primary site. The survival seen in this poor-prognosis group of patients in this multicenter community-based trial is notable and similar to other taxane-based regimens for these patients. Study of additional combinations or sequences of newer drugs, as well as the exploration of targeted biologic agents for patients with an identified target in their tumors, is warranted.
Superbugs, Beware
Journal: JAMA (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deaths
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PRACTICAL NOTES.
Journal: JAMA (1889)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The PULSES project: Teaching the vital elements of code status discussions to oncology residents.
Authors: Oren Hannun Levine, Ines B. Menjak, Stephanie Yasmin Brule, Meghan McConnell, Sukhbinder K. Dhesy-Thind, Som Mukherjee, Melissa C. Brouwers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

10024 Background: Discussions with cancer patients around cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), or ‘code status,’ are often led by trainees in oncology, but formal education for this competency is lacking. In this study, we developed and tested a novel communication tool, the PULSES framework, for informed code status decision-making (a six-step approach summarized by the PULSES acronym [Table 1]), through an educational workshop. Methods: A multicentre randomized controlled trial was carried out at 3 academic cancer centres in Ontario, Canada. Residents in medical oncology (MO) and radiation oncology (RO) programs completed a workshop and an observed structured clinical exam (OSCE). Participants were randomized to complete the training before the OSCE (experimental arm) or after the OSCE (control arm). Randomization was stratified for centre and oncology discipline. Expert raters evaluated communication with two rating tools: the novel PULSES scale and the communication skills assessment form (CSAF), a validated benchmark tool that is not specific to oncology content. The primary outcome was improvement in PULSES scores. Results: Forty-six residents consented to participate (28 RO and 18 MO). Groups were well balanced for program and year of training. Participants in the experimental group had higher mean PULSES score than those in the control group (80.4±13.5 vs 63.4±9.7; p &lt; .001; maximum score = 108). There was no significant effect for program and no significant interaction between program and training condition. Scores for the PULSES and CSAF scales were highly correlated (R = 0.864). Conclusions: The PULSES training improved performance among oncology residents for code status discussions. Improved communication scores were not scale-specific. The PULSES framework offers a standardized approach and can be incorporated into competency-based curricula for postgraduate oncology programs. Future work will explore whether communication training in this area impacts patient-level outcomes. [Table: see text]
Hyperphosphatemia, Hypocalcemia, and Transient Renal Failure
Authors: David S. Ettinger, William G. Harker, Hubert W. Gerry, Roger C. Sanders, Rein Saral
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia following the initiation of cytotoxic therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been reported.<sup>1-3</sup>Renal insufficiency of varying degree occurs in this setting.<sup>1-2</sup>We report a case of severe transient renal failure associated with hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old man was admitted to The Johns Hopkins Hospital with a one-month history of increasing weakness, dyspnea, intermittent fever with night sweats, and hematemesis associated with epigastric pain. The blood pressure was 100/70 mm Hg; pulse rate was regular at 112 beats per minute; the respirations were 24/min; and the temperature was 37.4 °C. The patient appeared chronically ill. Results of physical examination showed cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy. The lungs were clear to auscultation except for decreased breath sounds at the bases. The abdomen was normal; however, the liver and spleen were enlarged. Neurological examination showed bilateral
<i>Atlas of Clinical Medicine.</i>By Byrom Bramwell, M. D., F. R. C. P., Edin.; F. R. S. Edin.; Assistant Physician to the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, etc., etc. Vol. I. Part I. Edinburgh: T. &amp; A. Constable, at the University Press, 1891
Authors: C. E. A.
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1891)
Accomplices
Authors: Douglas S. Diekema
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The news coverage began with scenes of the tragedy, eerily illuminated by the flashing lights of emergency vehicles and the glow of floodlights that could not overcome the deeper shadows. A man, on top of the smashed vehicle, was trying to force his way into the wreckage. Although disturbed by the scenes of the automobile accident, I was haunted most by a brief home video that immediately followed. Because it was shown on the 10-o'clock news by all the major television stations, I saw the home movie three times. I recognized two of its stars from the previous night, although I had known them only as dead bodies. My eyes fixed on the pretty young mother, smiling as her husband hammed in front of the camera. The scene shifted to a cheery bedroom, where the same man, the father, tickled his 6-week-old son. He made no effort to hide his
Abstract 125: Proteome Analysis of a Regulatory Pathway of Pathologic Vascular Injury as Mediated by KLF5 and its Transcriptional Complexes
Authors: Kenichi Aizawa, Toru Suzuki, Takayoshi Mastumura, Nanae Kada, Daigo Sawaki, Hong Zhan, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a key element linking external stress and cardiovascular remodeling by up-regulating platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-A chain gene activity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The unambiguous and comprehensive identification of interacting proteins is crucial for understanding these mechanisms. In the present study, we identified interacting factors of KLF5 by proteomic analysis and characterized their regulation in the vascular pathogenic response. Methods&amp;Results: Double-stranded oligonucleotide containing the binding sequence for KLF5 in the PDGF-A promoter was synthesized and attached to metal beads, to which cell nuclear extract was applied. SDS-PAGE visualized specific bands to the sequence, which were subjected to in-gel digestion and peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF/MS spectrometry. Factors that are known to be important in the DNA damage/repair pathway were successively identified. We therefore examined the involvement of the complex in vascular pathologies. Double-strand break as determined by immunohistochemistry using γ-H2AX antibody, a marker of activation of the double-stranded DNA damage/repair response, was observed in pathogenically stimulated vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) and neointimal tissues in rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Further, KLF5 was shown to mediate the response on γ-H2AX as shown by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Discussion: We show a hitherto unknown regulatory mechanism by DNA double-strand break/repair system involving KLF5 in the vascular pathogenic response. Our findings might provide a clue to understanding the initiation of pathological cell proliferation observed in atherosclerosis or restenosis after coronary intervention. This new pathway might also be a tempting target for therapeutic intervention aimed at modulating the activity of KLF5 upon PDGF-A chain and its associated pathologies in the cardiovascular system.
Abstract A08: CCL2-induced chemokine cascade promotes breast cancer metastasis via retention of metastasis-associated macrophages
Authors: Takanori Kitamura, Jeffrey W. Pollard
Journal: Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract This abstract is being presented as a short talk in the scientific program. A full abstract is printed in the Proffered Abstracts section (PR17) of the Conference Proceedings. Citation Format: Takanori Kitamura, Jeffrey W. Pollard. CCL2-induced chemokine cascade promotes breast cancer metastasis via retention of metastasis-associated macrophages. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A08.
JAMA 75 YEARS AGO
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lassitude
Authors: Leif I. Solberg
Journal: JAMA (1984)

LASSITUDE is one of those wonderful words rarely used by patients today, although its synonyms (fatigue, weariness, tiredness, or listlessness) represent some of the most common complaints in primary care. For example, the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey<sup>1</sup>found fatigue to be the seventh most frequent initial complaint in US medical offices. In 1975, there were 10.5 million visits for this problem, and 25% of the time it was a new concern. If the Danish population is comparable, those seeking medical help for tiredness are but a small proportion of the afflicted. A stratified sample of 1,050 forty-year-old Danes found that 41% of the women and 25% of the men felt "tired at present."<sup>2</sup> Despite being so common, lassitude receives scant attention in the medical literature. That may be partly because of that very commonness, and partly because lassitude is a symptom rather than a diagnosis. Moreover, the
Angiologica, Basel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drop-C Under "Clinical Management."
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
BENJAMIN RICHARDSON (1828-1896) BIOGRAPHER AND DOCTOR OF LETTERS
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal