tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: K. Semm
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

These newly developed endoscopic methods in gynaecology for haemostasis during surgical pelviscopy (Endocoagulation Roeder-loop ligation, endoligature, endo-suture with intra- and extracorporeal knotting) make it possible to carry out appendectomy by endoscopy for any of the following indications: Postoperative adhesion of the appendix especially in "sterility" patients, elongated appendix extending into the small pelvis, endometriosis of the appendix, subacute and chronic appendicitis. The instrument-set employed in this method permits the performance of all the usual classical operative steps (purse-string suture, and Z-suture acc. to McBurney and Sprengel). The point for resection has to be sterilized over 20-30 sec. at 212 degrees F using the crocodile forceps (endocoagulation procedure) before division and extraction of the appendix is effected.
Immunologic aspects of neurological and neuromuscular diseases
Authors: J. N. Fink
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>IDIOPATHIC POLYNEURITIS (GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME)</h3><h3>Clinical Features</h3> THIS DISEASE is pathologically characterized by cellular infiltration of the peripheral nervous system with lymphocytes and macrophages and by destruction of myelin (Fig 16-1). It is clinically characterized by subacute onset of weakness ranging from slight ataxia to total paralysis of motor and, occasionally, cranial nerves. Although subacute in nature, the disease may reach its peak of activity within 24 hours in some cases or smoulder at moderate intensity for two to three weeks. Proximal weakness usually occurs before distal weakness, and there is a tendency to symmetrical involvement. The seventh cranial nerve is almost universally affected. Tendon reflexes are usually abolished; sensory loss is variable and may be absent. Autonomic function may also be compromised, and many patients may have marked fluctuations in BP and cardiac arrhythmias that can cause death. Diagnostic criteria have been established for the disease. (See Asbury et al,
Re: Jeffrey J. Tosoian, Mufaddal Mamawala, Jonathon I. Epstein, et al. Active Surveillance of Grade Group 1 Prostate Cancer: Long-term Outcomes from a Large Prospective Cohort. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2019.12.017
Authors: Michael Froehner, Rainer Koch, Christian Thomas
Journal: European Urology (2020)
Modulation Of Ion Channels In Neurons And Other Cells
Authors: I. Levitan
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1988)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
The Neural Basis Of Behavior: A Neuroethological View
Authors: W Heiligenberg
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (1991)

The brain's default mode network consists of discrete, bilateral and symmetrical cortical areas, in the medial and lateral parietal, medial prefrontal, and medial and lateral temporal cortices of the human, nonhuman primate, cat, and rodent brains. Its ...Read More
A Survey of Industrial Mental Hygiene
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
JAMA Neurology
Authors: Hooman Kamel, New York, Bernard Chang, Dena Dubal, San Francisco, Ari Green, Michael Okun, Florida Gil, D Rabinovici, Kate Denevan, Nancy Hills, Cynthia Armand, Samuel Pleasure, Elan Guterman, Megan Richie, Maulik Shah, Heather Hsu, Andrew Ibrahim, Ann Arbor, Carl Bazil, Alberto Espay, Eva Cincinnati, Ann Feldman, Nathalie Arbor, New Jetté, Ruchira York, Pooja Pittsburgh, Susan Ohio, Berkeley Landau, California Babak, B Navi, Daniel Ontaneda, Stanley Prusiner, Sonja Scholz, Maryland Paul, C Van Ness, Harold Wolff, H Merritt, Fred Plum, Maurice Van Allen, Robert Joynt, Roger Rosenberg, Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Iris Lo, Kevin Brown, Rebecca Langley, M Newman, Suzanne Walker, Connie Manno Senior, Sara Billings, Denise Steinhauser, Joe Wixted, Ahmed Avendano, Kim Boler, Rhonda Brown, Fin Carter, Michael Deegan, Daniel Degroot, Euwanaha Joiner-Smith, Joshua Lane, Cindy Rendlen, Ellen Yoshihara, Annissa Zak, Circulation Services, Julie Burton, Ronna Hewitt, Mary Sieck, Geneine Someren, Jamaal Vargas, Content Systems, Mike Bujewski, Nathan Mitre, Digital Production, Regina Brownlee, Amanda Camino, Brenda Chandler-Grayer, Emily Dunn, Amy Evers, Maleeka Holden, Teri Hutchison, Dan Knowles, Joshua Lampinen, Natalie Marsh, Patricia Panek, Marla Seidell, La Son, Diggs Sledge, Julian Graphics, Joe Amft, James Collver, Maria Duda, Fred Furtner, Carolyn Hall, Maria Kowalkowski, Proofreading Carol, Joy Farrell, Maria Giannini, Sasha Grossman, Judith Literskis, Teresa Omiotek, Michael Ryder, James Madara, Howard Bauchner, S Josephson
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2021)

The mission of JAMA Neurology is to publish scientifi c information primarily important for those physicians caring for people with neurologic disorders but also for those interested in the structure and function of the normal and diseased nervous system.These specifi c aims are (1) to make timely publication of original research of the nervous system, (2) to record observations of single patients or groups of patients that will provide new information and insights,(3) to report more basic research that is pertinent to the understanding of disease, (4) to introduce topics of practice, ethics, teaching, and history that are useful, and (5) to provide a forum for discussion on topics that may be controversial in this fi eld.This information will be published only after extensive peer review so that originality, clarity, and precision are ensured.
Reaction of Chromium(VI) with Glutathione or with Hydrogen Peroxide: Identification of Reactive Intermediates and Their Role in Chromium(VI)-Induced DNA Damage
Authors: Jayshree Aiyar, Holly J. Berkovits, Robert A. Floyd, Karen E. Wetterhahn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The types of reactive intermediates generated upon reduction of chromium(VI) by glutathione or hydrogen peroxide and the resulting DNA damage have been determined. In vitro, reaction of chromium(VI) with glutathione led to formation of two chromium(V) complexes and the glutathione thiyl radical. When chromium(VI) was reacted with DNA in the presence of glutathione, chromium-DNA adducts were obtained, with no DNA strand breakage. The level of chromium-DNA adduct formation correlated with chromium(V) formation. Reaction of chromium(VI) with hydrogen peroxide led to formation of hydroxyl radical. No chromium(V) was detectable at 24 degrees C (297 K); however, low levels of the tetraperoxochromium(V) complex were detected at 77 K. Reaction of chromium(VI) with DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide produced significant DNA strand breakage and the 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct, whose formation correlated with hydroxyl radical production. No significant chromium-DNA adduct formation was detected. Thus, the nature of chromium(VI)-induced DNA damage appears to be dependent on the reactive intermediates, i.e. chromium(V) or hydroxyl radical, produced during the reduction of chromium(VI).
Associations between alleles of the major histocompatibility complex and type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: A Czaja
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Susceptibility for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis has been associated with the major histocompatibility alleles DRB1*0301, DRB3*0101, DRB1*0401, and DRB4*0103, whereas the DRB1*1501 allele may protect from the disease. Our aim was to determine if these alleles or others influence clinical manifestations and prognosis. Eighty-six white patients were evaluated prospectively for immune features and outcomes. Class I alleles were determined by microlymphocytotoxicity, and class II alleles were assessed by polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes or sequence-specific primers. One hundred two white, normal subjects were typed in the same fashion. Patients with concurrent immunologic diseases were more commonly positive for DRB4*0103 than patients without these features (68% vs. 38%, P = .01). DRB1*0301 (86% vs. 45%, P = .008) and the DRB1*0301-DRB3*0101 haplotype (79% vs. 42%, P = .02) occurred more commonly in patients who deteriorated during corticosteroid therapy. In contrast, DRB1*0401 and the DRB1*0401-DRB4*0103 haplotype were associated with a lower frequency of death from liver failure or the need for transplantation than patients with other alleles (0% vs. 37%, P = .03). Patients with DRB1*0301 differed from those with DRB1*0401 in that they were younger and failed treatment more commonly (27% vs. 5%, P = .04). We conclude that alleles associated with susceptibility to type 1 autoimmune hepatitis also influence its clinical features and prognosis. DRB4*0103 is associated with concurrent immune diseases, DRB1*0301 with a poor treatment response, and DRB1*0401 with a lower frequency of hepatic death or transplantation.
Use of hallucinogenic drugs on campus
Authors: L. L. Imperi
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A questionnaire, administered to random samples of students on the Yale and Wesleyan campuses, revealed that one of every five students on each campus had used hallucinogenic drugs at least once in his lifetime. Marijuana was by far the most popular. There was no appreciable difference between the two campuses as to whether students had ever used it or, if so, when they first tried it, but the students from Wesleyan used it more heavily and more recently. Wesleyan students were more likely to have used lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) at some point and showed some tendency to have used it more recently, but did not differ significantly as to total cumulative use or the time they first tried it. For all hallucinogens, all users reported experiencing pleasant effects much more frequently than unpleasant effects. A majority of all nonusers reported knowing someone who had used hallucinogens, and a sizeable minority reported having seriously considered trying it.
SAT-421-A novel score to select patients for treatment in chronic hepatitis B: Results from a large Ethiopian cohort
Authors: Asgeir Johannessen, Hanna Aberra, Hailemichael Desalegn, Bitsatab Mekasha, Emmanuel Gordien, Frédéric Le Gal, Athenaïs Gerber, Segolene Brichler, Kathrine Stene-Johansen, Nega Berhe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
The clinical significance of changes in genetic heterogeneity of the hypervariable region 1 in chronic hepatitis C with interferon therapy
Authors: M Shindo
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

We examined changes in the hypervariable region 1 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA that occurred with interferon therapy in 33 patients with chronic hepatitis C to assess the clinical significance of this region. The 33 patients had HCV genotype 1b and were classified into three groups based on serum aminotransferase levels during and after therapy with α interferon; long-term responders (n = 9), short-term responders (n = 11), and nonresponders (n = 13). Changes in the genetic heterogeneity of the hypervariable region 1 were determined by using nonisotopic polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). HCV RNA levels were evaluated by reverse transcriptase PCR and branched DNA probe assays. Changes in sequences were determined by cloning and sequencing analysis. Before therapy, the long-term responders had significantly lower degrees of heterogeneity and lower viral levels than nonresponders. There were no significant differences between short-term and nonresponders. With interferon therapy, viral levels and degree of heterogeneity decreased to a greater extent among long-term and short-term responders than among nonresponders. Sequencing analysis showed that the three groups had similar clone numbers initially, but long-term responders had rather homogeneous viral populations, whereas short-term and nonresponders had heterogeneous populations, but that there were no nucleotide sequences or amino acid alignments that were specific for any group before, during, and 6 months after therapy. Approximately half of short-term and nonresponders received a second course of interferon 7 to 10 months after the initial therapy; all showed an identical response to the second course of therapy regardless of interim changes in the heterogeneity of hypervariable region 1. These findings suggest that (1) patients who were nonresponders or short-term responders had mixed viral populations that had differing sensitivities to interferon, (2) the changes in the hypervariable region 1 (HVR 1) did not affect responsiveness to interferon, and (3) the lower heterogeneity in the HVR 1 was associated with a long-term response to interferon only when the viral levels were low.
Pediatrics
Authors: Marilyn Heins
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In 1932, Mietzsch and Klarer synthesized sulfachrysoidine (Prontosil), and Domagk showed that this compound protected mice against streptococcal infection, an experiment for which he won the Nobel Prize in 1939.<sup>1</sup>The last 50 years of what is called the antibiotic era have greatly changed the practice of pediatrics. For example, between 1930 and 1970 the mortality rate per 100,000 children aged 1 to 4 years from influenza and pneumonia fell from 123.1 to 7.6.<sup>2</sup>Successful antimicrobial therapy of bacterial pneumonia surely contributed to this decrease. Yet infectious disease remains a major problem for the practicing pediatrician. Twenty-six percent of all visits made by children younger than 18 years to office-based physicians in 1975-1976 were for respiratory conditions, 33 million visits a years.<sup>3</sup>Twenty-one percent of the days children spent in short-stay hospitals during the same year were due to respiratory conditions, 4.9 million days a year. Although
Updated overall survival (OS) analysis of NAPOLI-1: Phase 3 study of nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI, MM-398), with or without 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (5-FU/LV), vs 5-FU/LV in metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPAC) previously treated with gemcitabine (gem)-based therapy.
Authors: Andrea Wang-Gillam, Chung-Pin Li, Gyorgy Bodoky, Andrew Dean, Yang-Shen Shan, Gayle S. Jameson, Teresa Macarulla, Kyung-Hun Lee, David Cunningham, Jean-Frédéric Blanc, Richard Hubner, Chang-Fang Chiu, Gilberto Schwartsmann, Jens T Siveke, Fadi S. Braiteh, Victor M. Moyo, Bruce Belanger, Eliel Bayever, Daniel D. Von Hoff, Li-Tzong Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

4126 Background: NAPOLI-1 is a global, randomized Phase 3 study evaluating nal-IRI—a nanoliposomal irinotecan—with or without 5-FU/LV vs 5-FU/LV in 417 mPAC patients previously treated with gem-based therapy. Primary survival analysis was based on 313 events. nal-IRI+5-FU/LV significantly improved OS (primary endpoint), 6.1 months (mo) vs 4.2 mo; with 5-FU/LV (unstratified hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67; P = 0.012). The primary endpoint was supported by improved progression-free survival, time to treatment failure, objective response and CA19-9 response rates, and manageable toxicities. An updated analysis of OS, 6- and 12-month-survival estimates, and safety is presented. Methods: The updated descriptive analysis of OS, based on 378 events (25 May 2015), includes data from all randomized patients across the 3 arms. The final OS analysis will also be presented. Results: After 378 OS events, nal-IRI+5-FU/LV (n = 117) retained an OS advantage relative to 5-FU/LV (n = 119): 6.2 mo (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.8–8.4) vs 4.2 mo (95% CI, 3.3–5.3) with an unstratified HR of 0.75 (P = 0.0417). In contrast, there was no OS advantage with nal-IRI monotherapy (n = 151) vs 5-FU/LV (n = 149): 4.9 mo [95% CI, 4.2–5.6] vs 4.2 mo [95% CI, 3.6–4.9], HR = 1.08; P = 0.5. Six-month survival estimates were 53% (95% CI, 44–62%) for nal-IRI+5-FU/LV vs 38% (95% CI, 29–47%) for 5-FU/LV; 12-month survival estimates were 26% (95% CI, 18–35%) for nal-IRI+5-FU/LV vs 16% (95% CI, 10–24%) for 5-FU/LV. With events in nearly all patients, the OS curves converge at ~20 mo with 19 patients (16.2%) surviving beyond 20 mo. This is a reason for attenuation of the HR estimate and unstratified log rank p-value. The most common ≥ grade 3 adverse events occurring at a ≥ 2% incidence in nal-IRI-containing arms were neutropenia, diarrhea, vomiting, and fatigue. Conclusions: In an updated analysis, the median OS benefit for nal-IRI+5-FU/LV over 5-FU/LV was maintained with a similar safety profile. nal-IRI+5-FU/LV may be a new standard of care for mPAC patients previously treated with gem-based therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01494506.
Magazine, Radio and TV Report
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Flow Cytometric Detection of Circulating Myeloma Cells Pretransplant in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Simple Risk Stratification System.
Authors: David Dingli, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski, Angela Dispenzieri, Martha Q. Lacy, Suzanne R. Hayman, Vincent S. Rajkumar, Philip R. Greipp, Mark R. Litzow, Dennis A. Gastineau, Thomas E. Witzig, Morie A. Gertz
Journal: Blood (2005)
Abstract 9923: Feasibility of New Real-Time 3-Dimensional Echocardiographic Imaging in a Mitral Valve Stenosis Model: A Comparison With 2D Imaging
Authors: Kayla Gadd, Lydia Tam, Muhammad Ashraf, Hao Chuan Lei, Cole Streiff, Meihua Zhu, David J Sahn
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: This study investigated the feasibility and accuracy of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in assessing the severity of simulated mitral stenosis in a pumped porcine heart model. Hypothesis: RT3DE is accurate for assessing mitral stenosis. Methods: Eight porcine hearts were used to simulate mitral stenosis. Four different sized inner-diameter tubes (9,11,13 and 15mm) were used to create stenotic mitral valve orifice areas. These tubes were inserted into vinyl tubing which was then connected to a pulsatile pump. A balloon was secured to the end of the tubing entering the left ventricle, and the model was sutured at the mitral annulus. The heart was submerged in a water tank and the pump set at 60 bpm with stroke volumes ranging from 30-70 mL in 10 mL increments. At each increment, images were acquired in 2D echo and RT3DE using a GE Vivid 7 ultrasound system. Data were analyzed using GE EchoPAC PC. Results: A comparison of true area and measured orifice areas were analyzed for both 2D echo and RT3DE. Linear regression analysis showed excellent correlation 2D and RT3DE acquired areas and true areas (2D: r 2 =0.9; RT3DE: r 2 =0.9). It was found that while RT3DE presented significantly similar mean values for all areas tested (P&lt;0.05), 2D-measured areas were consistently larger than expected values (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: RT3DE has the potential to be an accurate, noninvasive diagnostic tool in clinical cardiology that overcomes imaging limitations present in 2D echo.
A Life in Medicine
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Comparative values of double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiology and endoscopy
Authors: J. P. Cello
Journal: JAMA (1980)

SINCE the introduction of fiberoptic endoscopy early in the 1960s, considerable evidence has been accumulated that suggests that fiberoptic endoscopy is the most accurate diagnostic technique for localizing the source of upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) hemorrhage.<sup>1,2</sup>Endoscopy has been noted to detect with high accuracy the presence of superficial mucosal disease, such as gastritis, varices, esophagitis, and Mallory-Weiss lesions, of the gastroesophageal junction.<sup>2</sup>The development of the flexible endoscope has sharply decreased morbidity and mortality caused by endoscopy. Nevertheless, noteworthy complications continue to be reported, including pharyngeal hematomas and lacerations, aspiration pneumonia, respiratory depression owing to intravenous administration of medication, and GI perforation and bleeding from endoscopic biopsies. The clinical impact of emergency endoscopy in bleeding patients has been the subject of much controversy, with little to suggest that the morbidity and mortality of GI hemorrhage have been appreciably reduced by the use of endoscopy.<sup>3,4</sup> The radiological