tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Traumatic dislocation of the hip
Authors: C. A. Pietrafesa
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Traumatic dislocation of the hip (TDH) is an absolute orthopedic emergency that is increasing steadily in incidence. Sixty-two to ninety-three percent of reported cases were the result of high-speed motor vehicle accidents in which seat belts were not used. Post-TDH complications and morbidity, particularly femoral head necrosis, are related to the severity of injury, skeletal maturity, and duration of dislocation. Prompt, gentle reduction within 12 hours remains the cornerstone of successful therapy. In a variety of other clinical conditions, TDH may be masked, and specific appropriate evaluation is thus necessary to detect the occasionally occult TDH. The regular use of seat belts would virtually eliminate this injury. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:3342-3346)
The apolipoprotein E E4 allele and sex-specific risk of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: E. H. Corder
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recently, Dr Payami and colleagues proposed a difference in Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk between men and women who have one copy of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) E4 allele.<sup>1</sup>Specifically, they suggested that men with no or one copy of<i>E4</i>(the<i>E2/E2, E2/E3, E3/E3, E2/E4</i>, and<i>E3/E4</i>genotypes) have a decreased risk of AD compared with men with two copies (the<i>E4/E4</i>genotype), while women with no copy of<i>E4</i>have a decreased risk of AD compared with those with one or two copies. Our studies do not suggest this sex-specific pattern of risk.<sup>2,3</sup>We find instead that risk of AD, both familial and sporadic (ie, no family history), increases with the number of<i>E4</i>alleles in men and women. The<i>E4</i>gene dose effect was initially found in 234 members of 42 AD families older than 60 years and can be seen when
'Female athlete triad' risk for women
Authors: A. A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

YOUNG FEMALE athletes who are driven to excel in their chosen sports may be at risk of developing a potentially fatal triad of medical disorders, a panel of sports medicine experts warns. While exercise is widely viewed as beneficial to women of all ages, the pressure to succeed in sports by achieving or maintaining an unrealistically low weight through food restriction and exercise may lead some young women to develop an eating disorder, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis, the panel reports. These three associated disorders, now called "the female athlete triad," were the subject of a symposium and press conference at the 40th annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), held in Seattle, Wash. "Although silently observed for decades by coaches, parents, and athletes, only recently has [the triad] been described in the medical literature," says Kimberly K. Yeager, MD, MPH, Assistant Director for Public Health Practice, San Diego
Spur cell anaemia and hepatic iron stores in patients with alcoholic liver disease undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: A Pascoe, P Kerlin, C Steadman, A Clouston, D Jones, L Powell, E Jazwinska, S Lynch, R Strong
Journal: Gut (1999)

BACKGROUND Following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) histological examination of explant livers from patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) sometimes shows extensive iron deposits in a distribution suggestive of homozygous haemochromatosis. AIMS To use haemochromatosis gene (HFE) assays to distinguish between ALD with notable siderosis and hereditary haemochromatosis. To evaluate the possible influence of spur cell haemolytic anaemia on hepatic iron loading. PATIENTS Thirty seven patients with ALD were abstinent for at least six months prior to OLT. Twenty three patients had transferrin saturations greater than 55%, 16 also had increased serum ferritin (&gt;350 μg/l). Eight of 37 (22%) explant livers had grade 3 or 4 hepatic iron deposition, predominantly in hepatocytes. Of these, four had a hepatic iron index greater than 1.9 and most seemed to have spur cell haemolytic anaemia. METHODS Mutation analysis for C282Y and H63D mutations was performed on DNA extracts from peripheral blood or explant liver. Spur cell haemolytic anaemia was diagnosed when the haemoglobin was 105 g/l in the presence of notable acanthocytosis. RESULTS None of the eight patients with grade 3 or 4 hepatic iron had evidence of the C282Y mutation. Two of the eight were heterozygous for H63D. None of the remaining 28 patients tested showed homozygous HFE mutations. Spur cell anaemia was present in six of the eight patients with heavy iron deposition and only one of the remaining patients. CONCLUSIONS The HFE mutation was not present in these patients with advanced ALD and heavy iron loading. Spur cell haemolytic anaemia provides an alternative potential mechanism for the heavy iron loading.
Mutations in the gene for troponin I (TNNI3) in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Jens Mogensen, Perry M. Elliott, Ib C. Klausen, Ole Havndrup, Henrik Egeblad, Ulrik Baandrup, Paal S. Andersen, Michael Christiansen, Henning Bundgaard, William J. McKenna, Anders D. Borglum. Skejby University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Association between a national insurer’s pay-for-performance program for oncology and changes in prescribing of evidence-based cancer drugs and spending.
Authors: Justin E. Bekelman, Atul Gupta, Ezra Fishman, David Joseph Debono, Michael Jordan Fisch, Ying Liu, Gosia Sylwestrzak, John Barron, Amol S. Navathe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2020)

2016 Background: Efforts to standardize quality and control cost growth for cancer care have focused heavily on promoting evidence-based cancer drug prescribing. We evaluated the association between a national commercial insurer’s ongoing pay-for-performance (P4P) program for oncology and changes in prescribing of evidence-based cancer drugs and spending. Methods: Retrospective difference-in-differences quasi-experimental study utilizing administrative claims data from the insurer’s commercial health plans in 14 states covering 6.7% of US adults. We included patients 18 years of age or older with breast, colon, or lung cancer who were prescribed cancer drug regimens by 1,867 participating oncology physicians between 2013 and 2017. We leveraged the geographically staggered, time-varying rollout of the P4P program to simulate a stepped-wedge study design. Specifically, we estimated a patient-level model clustered by physician and used physician fixed-effects to examine pre- to post-intervention changes in evidence-based prescribing and spending for patients of participating physicians eligible earlier versus later in the period of P4P program rollout. We evaluated four categories of spending over a 6-month episode period: cancer drug spending; other (non-cancer drug) health care spending; total episode spending; and patient out-of-pocket spending. Results: The P4P program was associated with an increase in evidence-based regimen prescribing from 57.1% of patients in the pre-intervention periods to 62.2% in the post-intervention periods for a difference of +5.1 percentage points (pp) (95% CI 3.0 pp to 7.2 pp, P&lt; 0.001). The P4P program was also associated with a differential $3,235 (95% CI $1,004 to $5,466, P= 0.005) increase in cancer drug spending, a differential $253 (95% CI $101 to $406, P= 0.001) increase in patient out-of-pocket spending, but no significant changes in other health care spending or total health care spending over the 6-month episode period. Conclusions: A national insurer’s oncology P4P program was associated with a 5.1 percentage point increase in prescribing of evidence-based cancer drug regimens. Our findings suggest that P4P programs may be effective in increasing evidence-based cancer drug prescribing at national scale -- enhancing cancer care quality. However, they may also increase out-of-pocket expenses and may not lead to savings in total health care spending during the 6-month episode.
Organizations of Medical Interest
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
EXAMINING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: J. W. A. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1953)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Neurons respond selectively to stimuli, and thereby define a code that associates stimuli with population response patterns. Certain correlations within population responses (noise correlations) significantly impact the information content of the code, especially in large populations. Understanding the neural code thus necessitates response models that quantify the coding properties of modelled populations, while fitting large-scale neural recordings and capturing noise correlations. In this paper we propose a class of response model based on mixture models and exponential families. We show how to fit our models with expectation-maximization, and that they capture diverse variability and covariability in recordings of macaque primary visual cortex. We also show how they facilitate accurate Bayesian decoding, provide a closed-form expression for the Fisher information, and are compatible with theories of probabilistic population coding. Our framework could allow researchers to quantitatively validate the predictions of neural coding theories against both large-scale neural recordings and cognitive performance.
Clinical Inertia
Authors: Michael Steinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 September 2002Clinical InertiaMichael Steinberg, MDMichael Steinberg, MDUniversity of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington, CT 06030-6220Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:After reading the Perspective by Phillips and colleagues on clinical inertia (1), I was inclined to agree that the desire of patients and physicians to “stay the course” when treating chronic illnesses often interferes with achieving excellent care. However, on further reflection, I felt that the paper greatly oversimplified many aspects of day-to-day medical practice.Phillips and colleagues underestimated the extent, depth, and persistence of clinicians' discussions with patients and families about the benefits, risks, and costs of intensifying medical therapies for chronic diseases. Some patients with atrial fibrillation who are otherwise excellent candidates for anticoagulation decline ...Reference1. Phillips LS, Branch WT, Cook CB, Doyle JP, El-Kebbi IM, Gallina DL, et al . Clinical inertia. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:825-34. [PMID: 11694107] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Connecticut Health Center; Farmington, CT 06030-6220 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoClinical Inertia Lawrence S. Phillips , William T. Branch Jr. , Curtiss B. Cook , Joyce P. Doyle , Imad M. El-Kebbi , Daniel L. Gallina , Christopher D. Miller , David C. Ziemer , and Catherine S. Barnes Clinical Inertia James L. Wofford Clinical Inertia Daniel Reinharth Clinical Inertia Lawrence S. Phillips , Joyce P. Doyle , and William T. Branch Jr. Metrics Cited byQuality of Diabetes Care in the USA 17 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 6Page: 547KeywordsAtrial fibrillationChartsCholesterolCombined antiretroviral therapyHypertensionHypoglycemiaLipidsLow density lipoproteinWeight gain ePublished: 17 September 2002 Issue Published: 17 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Dermal Transfer of Chlorpyrifos Residues from Residential Surfaces: Comparison of Hand Press, Hand Drag, Wipe, and Polyurethane Foam Roller Measurements after Broadcast and Aerosol Pesticide Applications
Authors: Chensheng Lu, Richard A. Fenske
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Indoor residential pesticide applications present the potential for human exposures, particularly for small children. Personal contact with target and nontarget surfaces can result in transfer of pesticides to the skin, but the magnitude of such transfer is uncertain. This research compared surface sampling techniques [wipe and polyurethane foam (PUF) roller] with the removal ability of human skin following broadcast and total aerosol release applications of Dursban (Dow Elanco, Midland, MI), a residential formulation containing the insecticide chlorpyrifos. Hands were washed immediately after surface contact, following a protocol that included a laboratory-generated adjustment factor to account for incomplete removal of chlorpyrifos from skin. Chlorpyrifos transfer was similar for hand press and hand drag techniques, averaging approximately 1-6 ng/cm2 of carpet contacted. These amounts represented < 1% of the amount of chlorpyrifos deposited on the surfaces 3.5 hr earlier. Chlorpyrifos transfer from carpet to skin was 23-24 times lower than for wipe sampling and 33-36 times lower than for PUF roller sampling (p = 0.0007 and p = 0.0006 for broadcast and aerosol applications, respectively). Hand press sampling removed approximately 4.5 times less chlorpyrifos from nontarget furniture surfaces (12 ng/cm2) than did wipe sampling (56 ng/cm2; p = 0.009). Chlorpyrifos residues on carpet were substantially higher after broadcast applications than after aerosol applications, but residues on such nontarget surfaces as furniture were substantially higher for the aerosol application. This study indicates that human skin removes substantially less residue from carpets and furniture than either conventional wipe or PUF roller sampling methods following residential pest control applications of chlorpyrifos. Although this paper focuses on quantifying residue transfer from surface to skin using different surface sampling techniques, no attempt is made to quantify the amount of chlorpyrifos residue that is subsequently absorbed.
Error in Presentation of Author’s Name
Authors: Christy Chai, Hop Cao, Nader Massarweh, Michael Debakey, Tran Chai, Tran Cao, Rakesh Joshi, Dhirendra Shrivastava, Jaishri Ramji, Mch Finally
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

Contrary to what was suggested by both sets of authors, we do not feel our work was encouraging clinicians to abandon current SCCAC management guidelines or that our work was attempting to demonstrate noninferiority of local excision.In fact, we took great pains in the writing of our article to not only highlight the shortcomings of the current literature on the topic (which has not substantively changed in several decades) but to also emphasize the need for additional research into the management of a disease that has received far less attention from the research community compared with other, more commonly occurring cancers (eg, colorectal, breast, and lung cancer).Our study 1 and data published by others (using the SEER-Medicare database) 2 suggest many patients with SCCAC do not receive guidelineconcordant treatment; more than 20% of patients in both studies were treated with surgery alone, and the rate of local excision actually appears to have increased slightly over time.While the factors underlying nonadherence to contemporary guidelines are likely multifactorial, a recent survey from Australia 3 suggests clinicians could perceive standard chemoradiotherapy as overtreatment for earlystage SCCAC.Furthermore, as acknowledged in European Society for Medical Oncology-European Society of Surgical Oncology-European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology guidelines, 4 "Stage I patients represent only 10-15% in the majority of randomised CRT trials, hence application of overall data to T1 tumours is limited."As such, taken together, we believe these provide a strong rationale and make a compelling argument for critically evaluating our current one-size-fits-all approach for SCCAC management.To be clear, we did not recommend and are not recommending local excision be broadly implemented in the management of patients with early-stage SCCAC.Instead, we hope our work stimulates discussion and further research on this topic.While we thank both sets for authors for acknowledging many of the known limitations of using NCDB data, we disagree that findings from studies using observational data sources should be immediately dismissed out of hand because of the nonrandomized nature of the study and because it is assumed that such data can't provide potentially important findings.We completely agree there will always be important caveats when observational data from any source (eg, NCDB, Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results, or Medicare claims) are used to conduct health services and outcomes research, and the findings need to be carefully considered in the context of these limitations.Having said this, data sources like the NCDB provide unique and useful opportunities to study uncommon diseases, like SCCAC, where the clinical landscape may be slowly and subtly shifting in the absence of new or practice-changing data.
How Melanoma Resists PD-1 Blockade
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2016)

Abstract Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles, have shed light on mechanisms by which melanoma cells become resistant to PD-1 blockade with pembrolizumab. One mechanism involves loss-of-function mutations in JAK1 or JAK2 that abolish interferon-γ signaling; the other involves a truncating mutation in B2M that results in defective antigen presentation.
Triad of markers for identifying children at high risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: F. Ginsberg-Fellner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A longitudinal investigation was conducted from 1977 to 1984 on 178 families in which one or more of the children had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Of 351 nondiabetic sibs followed up for an average of 54 months, ten have, thus far, become diabetic. Eight sibs were HLA identical to their diabetic proband and nine had HLA-DR3 and/or HLA-DR4. Islet cell surface antibody and islet cell cytoplasmic antibody were found from two to 74 months before the onset of clinical diabetes in 100% and 90%, respectively, of the children. A decrease in insulin secretion was observed in all of these children on entry into the study and was detected in the absence of elevated plasma glucose concentrations. The data suggest that the triad of HLA identity, pancreatic islet cell antibodies, and depressed insulin secretion identifies those sibs who are at high risk of developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;254:1469-1472)
Pancuronium Tachycardia
Authors: L.R. Beam
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The critical comments by Foldes (225:418, 1973) regarding our report (223:1044, 1973) of tachycardia associated with pancuronium bromide are further confirmation of exactly the points we attempted to make: (1) clinically significant tachycardia does occur under certain circumstances; and (2) reevaluation of the drug under various clinical conditions is needed before adverse effects can be predicted reliably. The "excessive doses" mentioned by Dr. Foldes were based on those used by Levin and Dillon (222:1265, 1972) under similar circumstances, which is the only previous report we are aware of using pancuronium in status asthmaticus. Most other studies are concerned with surgical patients, usually at relatively good risk under general anesthesia. Certain general anesthetics prolong the action of neuromuscular relaxants, requiring approximately one half<sup>1-3</sup>the dose necessary when no anesthetic is used. The total dose of 57.5 mg pancuronium over 43 hours in our case represents 0.06 mg/kg
Compulsiveness in physicians
Authors: A. C. Worden
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Gabbard<sup>1</sup>has written about the role of compulsiveness in the normal physician. Is it not hypocritical (not to mention supercilious) to spell out so disagreeable a picture of the trait of "compulsiveness," yet admit that "we would all probably choose a compulsive physician if we were seriously ill"? You can bet your bottom dollar that when I need my common duct explored I am going to hunt up the most exquisitely "compulsive" surgeon I can possibly find! Could it not be that because almost 100% of physicians have this trait, the author's views of its desirability should be reexamined?
DOCTORS AND ADVERTISING.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PROTRUSION OF THE CERVIX UTERI A CAUSE OF DELAYED LABOR.
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal