tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter, global study of first-line (1L) durvalumab in combination with standard of care (SoC) chemotherapy and durvalumab in combination with tremelimumab and soc chemotherapy versus soc chemotherapy alone in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (UC).
Authors: Matt D. Galsky, Andrea Necchi, Srikala S. Sridhar, Osamu Ogawa, Dario Ruscica, Natasha Angra, Joaquim Bellmunt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019)

TPS499 Background: Despite high response rates to 1L SoC for locally advanced or metastatic UC chemotherapy (gemcitabine +cisplatin or gemcitabine + carboplatin for patients who are cisplatin-ineligible [poor performance status, impaired renal function, comorbidities]), most patients experience disease progression. Novel strategies like combining chemotherapy and immunotherapy offer hope for improving clinical outcomes. Durvalumab is a selective, high affinity, engineered human IgG1 mAb that blocks PD-L1 binding to PD-1 and CD80. Tremelimumab is a human IgG2 mAb directed against CTLA-4. The mechanisms of action of PD-1 and CTLA-4 are nonredundant, so targeting both checkpoint pathways may have additive or synergistic efficacy compared to monotherapy. Studies in other tumor types of platinum-based chemotherapy combined with checkpoint blockade have yielded improved efficacy with acceptable safety and support exploration of this approach for 1L locally advanced or metastatic UC. Methods: NILE is a randomized, open-label, multicenter, global trial that will enroll approximately 1265 patients who will be randomized (1:1:1) to durvalumab + SoC chemotherapy, durvalumab + tremelimumab + SoC chemotherapy, or SoC chemotherapy as 1L-line therapy in patients with histologically or cytologically documented, unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Primary endpoints are progression-free survival using blinded independent central review assessments per RECIST 1.1 and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints include objective response rate, OS at 24 months, proportion of patients alive and progression free at 12 months, duration of response, disease control rate, time from randomization to second progression, and HRQoL. Safety, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and biomarkers will also be assessed. The study opened for enrollment in September 2018. Clinical trial information: NCT03682068.
Results From a Randomized Phase III Study Comparing Combined Treatment With Histamine Dihydrochloride Plus Interleukin-2 Versus Interleukin-2 Alone in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Sanjiv S. Agarwala, John Glaspy, Steven J. O’Day, Malcolm Mitchell, John Gutheil, Eric Whitman, Rene Gonzalez, Evan Hersh, Lynn Feun, Robert Belt, Frank Meyskens, Kristoffer Hellstrand, Diana Wood, John M. Kirkwood, Kurt R. Gehlsen, Peter Naredi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Reactive oxidative species (ROS) produced by phagocytic cells have been ascribed a role in the localized suppression of lymphocyte function within malignant tumors. Histamine has been shown to inhibit ROS formation and possibly synergize with cytokines to permit activation of natural killer cells and T cells. This study was designed to determine whether the addition of histamine to a subcutaneous (SC) regimen of interleukin-2 (IL-2) would improve the survival of metastatic melanoma patients.A phase III, multicenter, randomized, parallel group study comparing IL-2 plus histamine with IL-2 alone was conducted in 305 patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. Patients were randomized to IL-2 (9 MIU/m(2) bid SC on days 1 to 2 of weeks 1 and 3, and 2 MIU/m(2) bid SC on days 1 to 5 of weeks 2 and 4) with or without histamine (1.0 mg bid SC days 1 to 5, weeks 1 to 4). The primary end point, survival, was prospectively applied to all randomized patients (intent-to-treat-overall population, ITT-OA) and all patients having liver metastases at randomization (ITT-LM population). Secondary end points included safety of the combined treatment, time to disease progression, and response rate.Combined treatment with histamine plus IL-2 significantly improved overall survival in the ITT-LM population (P =.004) and showed a trend for improved survival in the ITT population (P =.125). Grade 3 and 4 adverse events were comparable in the two arms.Use of histamine as an adjunct to IL-2 is safe, well tolerated, and associated with a statistically significant prolongation of survival compared with IL-2 alone in metastatic melanoma patients with liver involvement. Further trials to confirm and understand the role of histamine in this combination treatment are underway.
Treatment of tinnitus.
Journal: BMJ (1979)

area and will have a tendency to recur, so that regular monitoring is required.Complete arrest of the progressive underlying degenerative process cannot be expected.Recent studies'6 have shown the importance of early treatment: 83% of patients who had had symptoms for two weeks or less were treatable, but after four and 12 months only 30%/ and 10 respectively of eyes had lesions still amenable to treatment.In spite of the well-founded rationale of photocoagulation and the encouraging evidence, a randomised controlled trial has been judged necessary"7 to assess the complication rate of the treatment itself, the proportion of patients with senile macular degeneration who go on to develop disciform lesions, and what proportion of these in turn are preventable.Clearly treatment of this kind will place a further load on the ophthalmic services, which have not yet digested the problem of light coagulation for diabetic retinopathy.Regular assessment with intravenous fluorescein and fundus photography would be neither practicable nor worth while for monitoring all patients with senile macular degenerationunless disciform lesions are more common than clinical impression suggests.Nevertheless, if a disciform lesion occurs in one eye regular checks on the second with a view to treatment is a reasonable policy16 because 120 " of second eyes become affected each year.'8Thereby we may prevent or postpone blindness in both eyes-a disaster of quite a differ- ent order from blindness in only one eye.
Nathan Smith of Dartmouth (1762-1829)
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Benign lesions of the stomach mimicking carcinoma
Authors: R. J. Herzog
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE UPPER gastrointestinal (UGI) series is a roentgenographic screening examination of the UGI tract for patients exhibiting a wide variety of clinical symptoms and signs. The findings on the UGI series often determine the need for further evaluative procedures. The clinician is well aware that many diseases of the stomach can manifest the same symptoms; he must also realize they can demonstrate identical roentgenographic findings on the UGI series. If an irregular polypoid or an infiltrating lesion of the stomach is demonstrated on the UGI series, the radiologist naturally considers malignant neoplasms as the most likely diagnosis. But he also must remember that benign processes in the stomach can grossly simulate malignant neoplasms and that they, too, must always be considered in the differential diagnosis. The diagnoses made by the radiologist on the basis of gross roentgenographic findings are, in effect, predictions based on statistical probabilities. The purpose of this
Vitamin E and malignant hyperthermia.
Authors: P James
Journal: BMJ (1979)

been evaluating evening primrose oil in dye-free capsules in 14 patients with long-lasting MS, all of whom displayed pyramidal, cerebellar, and posterior column signs and symptoms.They were clinically relatively stable and no patient had had an obvious relapse in the year before starting evening primrose oil.They were assessed clinically using the Kurtzke disability score.Fine motor control was assessed using the B-M manual dexterity test, which involves putting small pins into holes in 60 seconds.Grip strength was assessed by a dynamometer.All the patients had had previous experience with the tests.Eight patients received four 0-6 ml evening primrose oil capsules/
New concepts in acute lymphoblastic leukemia frontline trials
Authors: Trausti Oskarsson, Mats Heyman
Journal: HemaSphere (2018)

Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden This is an open access Abstract Book distributed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CCBY-NC-ND), which allows third parties to download the abstracts and share them with others as long as they credit the author and the abstract book, but they cannot change the content in any way or use them commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Hepatic and gallbladder acyl-CoA:SN-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity in the cholesterol-fed prairie dog . Departments of Surgery and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Trois types de photothérapie avec photosensibilisateurs sont actuellement utilisés en dermatologie: la PUVA (psoralène + UVA); la TUV (crude coaltar + UV), la PRT (photoradiation thérapie au dérivé d'hématoporphyrine, HpD); les deux premières ont largement fait la preuve de leur efficacité dans différentes dermatoses, la troisième est au stade expérimental.L'absence de protocole universellement admis, représente l'écueil principal à la TUV. Pour la PUVA, les effets secondaires à long terme, en particulier la carcinogénicité potentielle, sont au centre des préoccupations du clinicien. L'association de rétinoïdes, l'utilisation des pharmacocinétiques pour une meilleure adaptation individuelle du protocole, l'usage de nouveaux psoralènes moins mutagéniques, pourraient représenter des solutions à ce risque potentiel de la PUVA.Enfin, la phototoxicité prolongée, induite par l'injection de l'HpD est l'effet secondaire principal pour le dermatologue de la PRT.Three phototherapeutic regimens with photosensitization are now used in dermatology: PUVA (psoralen + UVA), TUV (crude coaltar + UV), PRT (phototherapy with hematoporphyrin derivative). The efficiency of PUVA and TUV is well known in several dermatoses. PRT is now being tested experimentally.For TUV, the lack of a standardized regimen does not allow a clear-cut evaluation of the therapy. For PUVA, late side-effects, particularly carcinogenicity have to be considered. To improve efficiency and minimize the side-effects of PUVA some procedures, such as association with retinoïds, pharmaco-kinetic studies for individual adaptation of the therapeutic regimen and the use of new less mutagenic psoralens are helpful.The persistent phototoxicity following treatments with hematoporphyrin derivative constitutes the major side-effect observed, for this phototherapy.
Abstract 1788: Clinical Impact of the Diameter of a Self-expandable Stent in the Superficial Femoral Artery
Authors: Yoshimitsu Soga, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Tomoko Urakawa, Kenji Ando, Shinichi Shirai, Koyu Sakai, Masashi Iwabuchi, Hitoshi Yasumoto, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Keita Odashiro
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background Factors associated with patency of self-expandable stents placed in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) have not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the impact of stent diameter in patients who implanted self-expandable stents in the SFA. Methods Self-expandable stents were placed in SFA lesions in 80 patients (84 limbs) at our hospital between January 2003 and December 2005 and we investigated prospectively for 18 months. A total of 144 stents were used: The mean vascular diameter at sites proximal and distal to the stent-placement region on angiography was defined as the vessel diameter, and the stent diameter/vessel diameter (S/V) ratio was calculated. Results The age of the patients ranged from 44 to 88 years old (mean: 70.3 ± 6.8 years old), and 68 patients were male (85%). The mean diameter of the treated vessels was 5.1 ± 0.7 mm, the mean lesion length was 93.8 ± 43.8 mm, and 1.7 ± 0.6 stents were used per lesion. Chronic total occlusion was noted in 24 cases (30%). The primary (secondary) patency rates at 6, 12, and 18 months were 91.2% (97.5%), 74.5% (87.2%), and 63.6% (79.1%), respectively as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. An S/V ratio &gt;1.3 was noted in 16 of the 80 patients (20%). There was a high percentage of patients with renal dysfunction and a smoking habit in this group, and the length of the treated lesion was long. In contrast, there were fewer patients with a high cholesterol level in this group. Other baseline parameters were similar between the two groups. A Kaplan-Meier estimate showed that the restenosis rate after 18 months was significantly higher in the S/V &gt;1.3 group (87.5% vs. 35.5%, p&lt;0.0001), whereas the primary patency was lower (31.3% vs. 73.4%, p&lt;0.0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that lesion length &gt;100 mm (Hazard ratio (HR) 6.6, p=0.015), chronic total occlusion (HR 6.0, p=0.035), stent fracture(HR 17.5, p=0.022), and S/V &gt;1.3(HR 29.0, p=0.0014) were independent predictors of primary patency at 18 months. conclusion The stent diameter of self-expandable stent was strongest predictor in primary patency at 18 months. The stent diameter of self-expandable stent can affect patency in the chronic phase.
Partial exchange transfusion in sickle cell anemia complicated by heart disease
Authors: A. Sommer
Journal: JAMA (1971)

An 11-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia and heart disease was treated with "partial exchange transfusion" to decrease the number of thrombotic crises by reducing hemoglobin S concentration and to improve cardiovascular status. The procedure involves the use of renal dialysis equipment. Several measurements of blood viscosity with the Wells Brookfield microviscometer were useful in the treatment of the patient.
Selected Abstracts
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prescribing Mandrax.
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Sick Sinus Syndrome Sn,-T7here are two points in your leading article on sinuatrial disorder (23 June, p. 677) whikh require comment.The familial nature of this disorder requires stressing since it is not only in the younger relatives that it can be asymptonatic.Moreover, not all affected patents fai to develop a tachy- cardia on exercise, and older and affected siblings may neglect their sytoms until cerebral or cardiac catastophes occur.Earlier diagnosis by careful screening of the families of affected patients using simple clinical nethodsj can prevent unnecessary cardiac and cerebrl neurosis and allow planned follow-up of the asymptonatic but affected patients and then earlier provision of effec tive treatment when sym ms do occur.Although angina caused by persisenice of bradycardia during exercise and rest has been described as an aetiological factor for the anginal syoms and cerebra distubances of John Hunter,2 your leading article surely misplaced one reference source.'This com- muncation, the first to use the term sinuatrial disorder in 1971, suggested that acute hyperextension of the neck causing indirect trauma to the sinuatrial node may be a more common contributory cause of death in patients with closed head injury than is at present recognized.-Iam, etc., B. LIvEsLEY
Medical Diagnosis with Special Reference to Practical Medicine in Regard to the Knowledge and Discrimination of Diseases.
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
OC-040 Comparative studies of label-retaining epithelial cells in the small and large intestine: implications for the concept of asymmetric stem cell division in the colon: Abstract OC-040
Authors: R Gândara, C S Potten, Y R Mahida
Journal: Gut (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Irradiation induces stem cell apoptosis and exposure to DNA label (eg, tritiated thymidine; [<sup>3</sup>H]dT) when new stem cells are being generated during recovery, leads to retention of the label in cells located above the Paneth cell region in crypts of small intestine (SI). Persistence of label retaining cells (LRC), despite many rounds of cell division, occurs because of asymmetric segregation of DNA strands in which the old/template strands are selectively retained in daughter cells that are destined to remain stem cells (immortal strand hypothesis). The aims of our studies were to (i) determine whether asymmetric DNA strand segregation occurs in stem cells (located at crypt base) of colon (CO) and (ii) assess radiosensitivity of newly generated stem cells in SI. <h3>Methods</h3> (A) Following 12 Gy irradiation, [<sup>3</sup>H]dT was administered to BDF1 mice over 5 days. SI and CO were collected at 40 min and 4, 7 and 15 days after the last dose of [<sup>3</sup>H]dT (chase period). (B) As in (A) above, and additionally, second dose of radiation (1 Gy) after 7-day chase, followed by tissue collection after 4.5 h to assess for apoptotic epithelial cells that had taken up [<sup>3</sup>H]dT. [<sup>3</sup>H]dT-labelled (autoradiography) and apototic (morphology) cells were assigned a cell position (cp) along the crypt (cell number increasing sequentially from cp 1 at the centre of crypt base). Percentage of [<sup>3</sup>H]dT-labelled cells at a particular cell position is expressed as the labelling index (LI). Data are expressed as mean (SEM). <h3>Results</h3> (A). In contrast to CO, peaks of LRC were consistently seen in SI at cp 4–9 at chase periods of 4, 7 and 15 days (Abstract 040). After 15-day chase, only occasional LRC were seen in different regions of crypts of CO. (B). In SI, LRC undergoing apoptosis were seen predominantly at cp 4–6 (LI 2.2(0.4)) and cp 7–9 (1.0(0.3)). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Following irradiation, LRC are predominant in the stem cell region above Paneth cells in SI crypts and these newly generated stem cells are sensitive to radiation-induced apoptosis. LRC are not consistently seen in the stem cell region of colonic crypts. This implies lack of asymmetric segregation of DNA strands in colonic stem cells, which may explain the increased risk of cancer in the colon (compared to SI).
Obituaries
Journal: JAMA (1983)

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Editorial Board
Authors: James Field, Samuel Soskin, Beverly Hills, Garfield Duncan, Salman Azhar, Palo Alto, Hisham Barakat, George Bray, Jorge Calles-Escandon, José Caro, M Charles, San Francisco, George Chrousos, Bernard Bethesda, St Davis, Leslie Louis, Frederick Degroot, Mario Derubertis, Atlanta Digirolamo, William Ga, Louis Duckworth, John Elsas, Kenneth Fain, San Feingold, Andrew Francisco, New Frantz, Gregory York, Saul Freund, Henry Cleveland, New Ginsberg, Charles York, Jane Glueck, Abbas Cleveland, Fredric Kitabchi, Stanford Kraemer, Nelly Mauras, James May, Donald Mcnamara, Glenn Mortimore, Maria New, New York, Michael Pagliassotti, Ft Collins, William Pandak, Alan Richmond, Los Robinson, Stanton Angeles, Peter Segal, Richard Stacpoole, Marc Durham, John Tucson
Journal: Metabolism (2006)