tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon-α2b therapy reduces liver fibrosis in chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis: A quantitative histological evaluation
Authors: N Manabe
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of interferon-α on liver fibrosis with an established quantitative histochemical method for determining collagen as a marker. 59 patients (31 men, 28 women; 47 ± 14 yr) with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis (92% with hepatitis C virus antibody) received subcutaneous injections of 3 or 1 MU recombinant interferon-α2b or placebo thrice weekly for 24 wk. Needle-biopsy sections taken before and after interferon treatment were examined for histological evaluation and collagen quantitation. Values were compared with results obtained by means of morphometrical analysis of liver collagen and Knodell scoring histological index. The index of periportal and/or bridging necrosis was the only component of Knodell's histological score significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in patients treated with 3 MU interferon compared with placebo-treated controls. The fibrosis score was not significantly changed. In contrast, liver total collagen variations measured colorimetrically and morphometrically were significantly decreased in patients treated with 3 MU and 1 MU compared with the increase observed in the placebo-treated controls (p < 0.05). From these results, we conclude that a 6-mo course of 3 MU or 1 MU interferon-α2b causes slight but nonetheless significant regression of liver fibrosis as assessed on the basis of quantitative estimation of liver collagen, irrespective of other response criteria, whereas progression of liver fibrosis can be observed in the absence of treatment. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1344–1349.)
Behavioral and Psychophysiological Markers of Disordered Attention
Authors: Allan F. Mirsky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Behavioral and psychophysiological assays provide the most sensitive indication of whether a presumed neurotoxin has a deleterious effect on the nervous system. The effects of lead on the nervous system are strongly suggestive that this agent can produce disturbances in attention; moreover, there are clinical reports of such effects. The action of lead is also manifest in behaviors described as "hyperactive," or reflecting "minimal brain damage." The core symptom in both disorders is probably impairment in attention. The recent Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association uses the term Attention Deficit Disorder to replace such terms as hyperactivity and minimal brain damage. Prior studies of the behavioral toxicity of lead may have used inadequate or incomplete assays of attention; this could in part account for the variability in outcomes. Recent research on attention suggests that it is a complex behavior consisting of a number of elements or components, each of which may be in part dependent upon a different region of the central nervous system. Behavioral assays should examine the components of attentive behavior using tests which are sensitive to the different elements. It is recommended that psychophysiological assays (using cognitive event-related potentials), although more difficult and costly to implement, be used as well. These assays may provide a more dynamic view of altered information processing in the brain and help to localize and characterize the behavioral impairment.
Duodenoscope Warning
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
4. Comprehensive Medical Evaluation and Assessment of Comorbidities: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021</i>
Journal: Diabetes Care (2020)

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
The Nuremberg Code, Informed Consent, and Involuntary Treatment
Authors: Nelson Borelli
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Editorial by Dr Grodin and Mr Annas<sup>1</sup>is a compilation of the wrongdoings of the Nazi physicians, including the Nazi view that certain racial and ethnic groups are subhuman and then using that view as an excuse to manipulate those groups; their agreement to treat the racial "sickness" that threatened the health of German<i>volk</i>; and their medicalization of social and political problems. Although the authors state that "the fact that we are not Nazis does not mean we are immune from seduction by social, political, and economic organizations that seek to corrupt medicine for their own agendas," they fail to even mention the most flagrant violation of the first Nuremberg principle that exists in US medicine today: "The voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential."<sup>2</sup>The US law and organized medicine still practice involuntary intervention of the mentally ill. Nuremberg's principles
Poster Session 3: Cellular Immunobiology and Clinical Hepatobiliary Neoplasia
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

efficacy of Nek2 siRNA for the liver metastasis has never been demonstrated.Purpose: To evaluate the efficiency of portal venous port-catheter system as an administrative route of siRNA to the liver metastasis.Methods: A liver metastasis xenograft model was established by injecting pancreatic cancer cells via the ileocolic vein.Thereafter, the venous port-catheter was inserted to the portal vein via the splenic vein.A port chamber was embedded under the skin for repeating injection of Nek2 siRNA.Nek2 siRNA/liposome complexes were formed with Nek2 siRNA (50μM, 100μl) and liposome (100μl), and were administered 5 times per week.Control group was treated with Control siRNA (non-silencing siRNA) /liposome complexes.The total number and total volume of liver metastasis was analyzed.The cellular uptakes of fluorescence labeled Nek2 siRNA/liposome complexes were evaluated in the liver metastasis by intravital microscopy.Results and Discussion: In the liver metastasis model, the total number and volume of metastasis were lower in the group with Nek2 siRNA treatment compared to the group with Control siRNA treatment.There was no complication related to the portal venous port-catheter system.Intravital microscopic analysis revealed that the fluorescence labeled Nek2 siRNA/liposome complexes were localized in the hepatocytes around the portal triad 1 h after the siRNA administration.The venous port-catheter system has applied to the clinic.Anticancer drugs are able to administer directly into the tumor.The portal venous port-catheter system is less invasive than surgical operation without adverse side effects.Nek2 siRNA administration using this procedure efficiently prevented the progression of liver metastasis.Our results showed that this procedure is effective as the drug delivery system of siRNA for liver metastasis.Conclusion: These data provides a strong rationale for the further investigation of siRNA drug delivery to the liver via the portal vein.
The Role of Non-ras Transforming Genes in Chemical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Colin S. Cooper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

DNA transfection experiments using the NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line have demonstrated that chemically induced tumors and chemically transformed cell lines frequently contain dominant transforming genes. Although many of the genes detected using the NIH 3T3 transfection-transformation assay are activated versions of H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras, in some experimental systems activated forms of genes such as met and neu that are unrelated to ras have been observed. The activated met gene was originally detected in a human cell line that had been transformed by exposure to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the met proto-oncogene encodes a novel growth factor receptor and that gene activation involves the production of a chimeric gene in which the regions of met encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of the receptor are replaced by the 5'-region of an unrelated gene called trp. The activated neu gene was detected in tumors of the nervous system that arose in mice following transplacental exposure to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. The neu gene also encodes a novel growth factor receptor but, in contrast to met, its activation involves a single T:A----A:T point mutation in the region of the neu gene encoding the receptor transmembrane domain. The presence of genetic alterations in chemically induced malignancies has also been assessed in cytogenetic studies and by Southern analysis of DNA from neoplastic cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
454P Efficacy of crizotinib in NSCLC with concomitant ALK fusion and c-MET overexpression
Authors: R.-L. Chen, N.-N. Lou, J.-J. Yang, X.-C. Zhang, H.-J. Chen, J. Su, Q. Zhou, H.-Y. Tu, Z. Xie, W.-Z. Zhong, W.-B. Guo, Y.-L. Wu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Detection of colon carcinoma and the barium enema
Authors: R. E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ACCORDING to the latest estimate of the American Cancer Society, new cases of cancer of the colon and rectum will be found in 99,000 Americans during this coming year.<sup>1</sup>In the same year, 48,000 Americans will die of that disease. The situation need not continue to be this grim, since cancer of the colon is highly curable if it is treated early. Selected studies report a 71% five-year survival rate after surgery of localized disease.<sup>2</sup> The barium enema is the principal method for detecting colon cancer other than by direct observation with the sigmoidoscope and colonoscope. The recent introduction of fiber colonoscopy (examination of the entire colon by fiber optics) is a helpful diagnostic addition in detection of cancer of the colon. However, the expense of this examination is far greater than that of a barium enema, and the number of instruments available, as well as of skilled
Alterations in Macrophage Functions by Environmental Chemicals
Authors: Donald E. Gardner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The establishment of infectious diseases is rarely entirely attributed to a single entity, but instead is the result of a primary stress and one or more secondary factors that interfere with homeostasis and the ability of the host to cope with the primary etiologic assault. Any environmental chemical that can suppress the normal functioning of the host's body defenses would be expected to increase the risk of the host to such diseases. Within the lung, the alveolar macrophages are the crucial elements responsible for defending the body against such airborne viable agents. The effects of inhaled gases and particulates on these defense cells are a major concern of the environmental health scientist since such chemicals have the capability of adversely affecting the integrity and functioning of these pulmonary defense cells. The objective of this report is to provide an overview that will improve our understanding of how a variety of environmental chemicals can alter the biochemical, physiological and immunological functioning of these cells.
Joystick Digit
Authors: A. Lee Osterman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We report two cases of trigger finger caused by repetitive joystick manipulation while playing video games, a condition we have termed<i>joystick digit</i>. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> An 11-year-old boy complained of awakening with his dominant ring finger locked in flexion. He was able to unlock the finger, but observed triggering with motion. There had been no previous episodes. He played video games using joysticks for prolonged intervals daily, occasionally for as long as six hours (Figure). Examination of the hand revealed a large nodule in the flexor tendon sheath of the ring finger associated with triggering. The long finger exhibited a similar nodule but did not trigger. The other hand was normal. Treatment involved oral anti-inflammatories and avoiding use of the joystick. <h3>Case 2.—</h3> A 14-year-old boy, an admitted computer "hacker," presented with triggering in his dominant long finger. He used his joystick control
Mittelschmerz
Authors: Lucy E. Hann
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Ultrasonography of the pelvis at mid-menstrual cycle in normal women has demonstrated small quantities of free fluid in 40% of cycles. Two thirds of the cycles associated with pain had ultrasonically demonstrated fluid at ovulation. These sonographic findings at Mittelschmerz confirm the physiological trauma of ovulation. (<i>JAMA</i>241:2731-2732, 1979)
Use of Rodent Carcinogenicity Test Results for Determining Potential Cancer Risk to Humans
Authors: Peter F. Infante
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A high proportion of "human" and "probable human" carcinogens as categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer have been identified through observations in workers.The excess cancer risk has often been quite high.Most substances known to cause can- cer in humans are now known to cause cancer in animals.In the past two decades, an increas- ing number of substances first shown to cause cancer in animals are now known to cause or are highly suspected of causing cancer in humans (and quite often in workers).The observations necessitate the use of rodent cancer test results for identifying and regulating potential environmental carcinogens.The role of cell proliferation (CP) in the carcinogenic response is important from a regulatory view in terms of both qualitative and quantitative evidence.If CP influences the carcinogenic response, the use of such data to modify dose response in the low- dose range is another factor that needs to be considered.Presentations at this symposium, how- ever, indicate that CP data at the present time should not be incorporated into cancer risk assessments.More simple concepts that affect quantitative dose response and that may result in an artificially low estimated risk but could be adjusted for in the bioassay protocol have usu- ally been ignored.A balanced approach would be to incorporate all known factors that influ- ence quantitative estimates of cancer risk when conducting animal cancer bioassays and.extrapolating those results to humans.
The Exact Science of Health Based Upon Life's Great Law.
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obituary Notice
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Effect of Mono(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate on an Isolated Perfused Rat Heart-Lung Preparation
Authors: Rosalind S. Labow, Yvonne A. Barry, Monika Tocchi, Wilbert J. Keon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), the plasticizer used in the biomedical production of blood storage bags, hemodialysis systems, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuitry, and intubation tubes, is extracted from the plastic material when it comes into contact with biological fluids and is converted to its principal metabolite, mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP). We have shown that MEHP causes cardiac and respiratory arrest, as well as hypotension, when infused into anesthetized rats. Using a well-ventilated in vitro rat heart-lung preparation, we investigated the effect of MEHP on pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and found that MEHP had a hypertensive effect on the pulmonary vasculature ending in constriction and edema. There was a significant increase of 0.58 mm Hg/min in the PAP of isolated rat lungs when perfused with MEHP dissolved in Krebs-Henseleit (K-H) buffer (p = 0.0003). The rat lungs that were perfused with K-H buffer only increased 0.094 mm Hg/min during the same perfusion time of 20 min. The water gained during this time was 0.22 g/min with MEHP in the buffer compared to 0.04 g/min with buffer alone. The pO2 in the effluent did not decrease during the perfusion time. The concentration of MEHP in the rat lungs after perfusion varied from 20 to 40 micrograms/g. Although the mechanism of action of MEHP on PAP is too complex to be fully elucidated by this model, the increase in PAP which we have demonstrated is significant and adds yet another toxic effect of this major metabolite of the ubiquitous plasticizer, DEHP.
Demand Pacemakers Implanted
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Withdrawal after substitution of a short-acting for a long-acting benzodiazepine
Authors: L. J. Conell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A withdrawal syndrome occurred in two patients after substitution of a short-acting benzodiazepine for a long-acting benzodiazepine. Both patients had used long-acting benzodiazepines on a daily basis for many years. In one case, oxazepam was substituted for diazepam, and in the other, temazepam was substituted for flurazepam hydrochloride. In both cases the short-acting benzodiazepine was substituted in a once-daily dosage. Withdrawal symptoms followed and persisted for at least one month. Relative advantages and disadvantages of short-acting and long-acting benzodiazepines are discussed. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2838-2840)
Commentary
Authors: Nicholas G. Burgess
Journal: Endoscopy (2021)

Lesions involving the appendiceal orifice are a challenge for endoscopists. Risk factors for incomplete resection include involvement of more than 50 % of the orifice and deep involvement of the appendiceal lumen [1]. In the accompanying video, Uchima et al. [2] exclude high risk surface features, then visualize and confirm the extent of the lesion within the lumen before proceeding to resection. Partway through, they discover that the lesion extends more deeply than expected; however they meticulously ensure that all visible lesion is exposed and removed. This is essential, as incomplete resection may leave residual tissue deep in the appendix which may still harbor cancer, or be inaccessible at surveillance colonoscopy. If deep lumen involvement is confirmed, then surgical resection should be the treatment of choice, primarily because endoscopic resection will fail, but also because of the risk of covert malignancy. In a prospective cohort of 38 appendiceal orifice lesions referred for standard endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), 12 lesions had deep lumen involvement and 2 of these were found to have cancer after surgical resection [1]. Endoscopic techniques for resection of lesions deeply involving the appendiceal orifice, such as endoscopic submucosal dissection and full-thickness resection, have been described [3] [4] [5]; however these approaches have a higher rate of surgery for complications and should be carefully discussed with the patient who may prefer to proceed to definitive surgical resection without the requirement for surveillance.