tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Authors' reply
Authors: M. Marshall, C. Bradley, D. Gath
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The pulmonary arterial morphology of patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) is diverse and it is unclear how the different vascular lesions evolve after initiation of anticoagulant treatment. A better understanding of the evolution of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) findings after the start of anticoagulant treatment may help to better identify those PE patients prone to develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We aimed to assess the evolution of various thromboembolic lesions on CTPA over time after the initiation of adequate anticoagulant treatment in individual acute PE patients with and without an ultimate diagnosis of CTEPH. <h3>Methods</h3> We analysed CTPA at diagnosis of acute PE (baseline) and at follow-up in 41 patients with CTEPH and 124 patients without an ultimate diagnosis of CTEPH, all receiving anticoagulant treatment. Central and segmental pulmonary arteries were scored by expert chest radiologists as normal or affected. Lesions were further subclassified as 1) central thrombus, 2) total thrombotic occlusion, 3) mural thrombus, 4) web or 5) tapered pulmonary artery. <h3>Results</h3> Central thrombi resolved after anticoagulant treatment, while mural thrombi and total thrombotic occlusions either resolved or evolved into webs or tapered pulmonary arteries. Only patients with an ultimate diagnosis of CTEPH exhibited webs and tapered pulmonary arteries on the baseline scan. Moreover, such lesions always persisted after follow-up. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Webs and tapered pulmonary arteries at the time of PE diagnosis strongly indicate a state of chronic PE and should raise awareness for possible CTEPH, particularly in patients with persistent dyspnoea after anticoagulant treatment for acute PE.
Granuloma Inguinale
Authors: Charles M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Fourteen cases of granuloma inguinale were studied during a two-year period. All 14 patients were Negroes. Eight of the ten men were homosexuals. Seven patients had evidence of syphilis. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in one patient. While the rate of healing was quite variable, all the lesions of granuloma inguinale healed when the patients were given tetracycline. Donovan bodies were easily seen with Wright-Giemsa stained crushed tissue. Demonstration of organisms was more difficult in formalin-fixed material, but they were usually found in Warthin-Starry silver stained sections. The electron microscopic examination of<i>Calymmatobacterium granulomatis</i>confirmed its gram-negative characteristics. Cytoplasmic inclusions within the bacteria were suggestive of bacteriophage.
Attempted Bone Marrow Autografts After Large Doses of Nitrogen Mustard
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The effect of chloral hydrate on bishydroxycoumarin metabolism; a fatal outcome
Authors: S. A. Cucinell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

AMONG the causes of unexpected responses to coumarin anticoagulants are alterations in the rate of metabolism of these drugs. Several years ago certain barbiturates were shown to be capable of depressing the anticoagulant response to ethylbiscoumacetate and bishydroxycoumarin (Dicumarol)<sup>1,2</sup>in man. This depressed response correlates with an increased rate of metabolism of the anticoagulant drugs.<sup>3</sup>The present report suggests that chloral hydrate behaves in much the same manner as barbiturates. Since certain drugs increase the rate of metabolism of simultaneously administered bishydroxycoumarin, it is likely that discontinuance of the same drugs will result in a decrease in the rate of metabolism of bishydroxycoumarin. Such a decrease would result in an elevation of plasma levels of the anticoagulant which in turn would produce a prolongation of the prothrombin time. This mechanism appears to have precipitated a fatal hemorrhage in a patient treated with bishydroxycoumarin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A
UK Smoking Statistics
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Deoxylaelobin conentratiom in te detection of central cyano_s SIR,-Although not explicitly stated in their article, Dr Geraldine Goss and her associates (March 1988;43:212-3) appear to share with others' the misconception that Lunds- gaard and Van Slyke2 believed cyanosis first could be detected when 5 g/dl reduced haemoglobin was present in the arterial blood.Lundsgaard and Van Slyke wrote, "About 5 grams ofreduced haemoglobin per 100 c.c. ofcapillary blood appear necessary to cause cyanosis.. . 2 They calculated mean capillary unsaturation by averaging the arterial and venous unsaturations.The difference between mean capillary unsaturation and arterial unsaturation would depend on the haemoglobin affinity for oxygen, perfusion ofthe tissue being viewed, and oxygen utilisation by that particular tissue.Since these factors were not reported by Dr Goss and colleagues, their data cannot be used to determine the correctness or incorrectness of the original conclusion of Lundsgaard and Van Slyke.Admittedly, one should have reservations about that early assertion after considering the fact that Lunds- gaard and Van Slyke did not report analyses ofarterial blood specimens on patients-only free flowing peripheral venous specimens had been analysed.It is interesting that reanalysis of Stadie's data from 1919,3 which did involve arterial blood sampling, would lead one to much the same conclusion as was reached by Dr Goss and her associates.None of his five patients without cyanosis had more than 1-3 g/dl arterial unsaturation while 4/27 with cyanosis had values less than 15 g/dl arterial unsaturation.
Abstract SY30-01: A wrinkle in TiME: How the aging TME drives tumor progression
Authors: Ashani T. Weeraratna
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Most cancers arise after the age of 50, and the molecular mechanisms that underlie this observation are not well understood. Our overarching goal is to elucidate and target the age-related changes that drive tumor progression. We have made the seminal discovery that aged fibroblasts secrete, or stop secreting, key molecules that affect multiple aspects of tumorigenesis. Our current investigations include: the loss of molecules that maintain ECM integrity, resulting in changes in mechanotransduction and increased metastasis; the secretion of molecules that increase resistance to targeted therapy; the secretion of macromolecules such as lipids that are taken up by melanoma cells in the aged microenvironment, affecting tumor cell metabolism; changes in the aged immune tumor microenvironment; the secretion of non-canonical Wnt molecules that affect cell signaling leading to angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Overall, our studies indicate that the age of the mouse models we study, as well as the patients we treat must be considered in order to understand tumor progression and therapy resistance. Citation Format: Ashani T. Weeraratna. A wrinkle in TiME: How the aging TME drives tumor progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY30-01.
Toxicity of Styrene Vapor in Hepatocyte Monolayers at Low Oxygen Tensions
Authors: Anita K. Costa, James R. Trudell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Hepatocyte monolayer cultures were exposed to 6000 ppm styrene vapor at 20%, 2%, or 1% O2 and assayed for signs of cell damage immediately following the 2-hr exposure and then 24 hr later. Oxygen concentrations were used that were previously shown to maximize lipid peroxidation and to predispose hepatocyte monolayers to chemical injury. The use of two time points allowed assessment of acute injury as well as injury that requires several hours to manifest itself. The uptake of styrene into the buffer in the culture dishes was measured by gas chromatography and was found to be 0.49, 0.68, and 0.74 mM at 15, 60, and 120 min, respectively. However, as measured by release of aspartate aminotransferase and inclusion of trypan blue, no toxicity was evident at either time point, irrespective of the oxygen concentration. This study shows that despite the weakening of hepatocyte defense mechanisms by hypoxia, styrene is not acutely toxic to these cells. Furthermore, if any damage to DNA, RNA, or the capability for protein synthesis occurs during exposure to styrene, it is insufficient to cause lysis within 24 hr.
Foreword
Authors: H A Capell, I G Kelly
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common disorder with a prevalence in the population of about 3%.The pathology of rheumatoid arthritis progresses from early stages of vascular congestion and oedema to inflammatory granulation tissue (pannus) and ultimately leads to end stage rheumatoid arthritis with evidence of destruction not only of joint cartilage but also of joint capsule and ligaments.This results in mechanical disruption with evidence of subluxation and deformity amenable only to surgery.By no means all patients require intervention from an orthopaedic surgeon, but in those patients who do need surgical treatment, multiple operations are often required, and this clearly imposes a considerable workload.In a recent survey of 91 patients with rheumatoid arthritis alive at a 10 year follow up from the time of prescription of their first second line drug, 65 (71%) had undergone a total of 162 surgical procedures, 50 on the upper limb and 112 on the lower limb.Any joint or tendon which has a synovial lining may be affected and thus, unlike patients with osteoarthritis where one or two operations may restore function to virtual normality, rheumatoid patients are likely to remain relatively incapacitated even after successful joint surgery.Hands, wrists, feet, and knees are commonly affected, but at a later stage so too are shoulders, elbows, hips, and cervical spine.Symptoms which indicate the need for possible surgical intervention include pain and loss of function.Pain at night or which is incapacitating during the day despite optimum antirheumatic treatment should lead the physician or general practitioner to seek help.Coordination of the management of such patients is clearly challenging for the rheumatologist and orthopaedic surgeon and it is important that a team approach is used.This might be in a formal combined clinic or simply a facility for informal discussion of individual cases as required.A precise anatomical diagnosis is important and tailoring of surgical treatment to patients' needs is vital.Of particular importance is the timing of surgery.This should take into account many factors, including general disease activity ofrheumatoid arthritis and the control of intervening complications such as anaemia.
Paediatric Urology
Authors: George W. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The second edition of this classic textbook has several minor differences from the first edition that in no way detract from its value. Johnston has assumed a greater role in authorship, as reflected by his inclusion on the cover. There is greater emphasis on the authors' experience and less on extensive referencing. Both editors are the recognized deans of pediatric urology. They have achieved this recognition by virtue of a vast experience accorded them by the system of practice developed under the National Health Service in Great Britain. The text is divided into 48 chapters. Thirty-four of the chapters are either authored or coauthored by one of the editors. The remainder are written largely by co-workers of the editors at either the Hospital for Sick Children, London, or the Alder Hey Children's Hospital in Liverpool. Despite multiple authorship, there is almost no repetition, and the book flows beautifully. The book
Maimonides
Authors: Peter P. Mayock
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> History is ill-served by lines in MEDICAL NEWS<sup>1</sup>that suggest that Maimonides, "the second Moses," was a philosopher who "settled" in Egypt rather than a controversial theologian who fled to Egypt from Muslim persecution. Writing in Arabic, Rabbi Moses ben Maimon, "the Rambam," was able to "accommodate" Greek science with teachings of the Talmud, as Rabbi Bokser wrote of his major contribution,<i>The Guide for the Perplexed</i>.<sup>2</sup> Furthermore, that as a physician he might "separate his medical from his theological beliefs" strains all credulity in light of his saintly career and of his approval of Galen's observation: "The students of medicine of Moses and of the Messiah learn more easily and more rapidly than the physicians and philosophers who strive in their own school of thought."<sup>3</sup>
Where's the Bias?
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 January 1998Where's the Bias?Frank Davidoff, MDFrank Davidoff, MDEditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Gwaltney is certainly correct in stating that proper blinding is an important element in clinical trial design [1]. However, as they pointed out elsewhere, Mossad and colleagues were unable to demonstrate unblinding in the two study groups, despite conscientious efforts to do so [2]. Moreover, because there would be no way participants could know a priori what the active agent was supposed to taste like, it is difficult to see how tasting only a single type of lozenge would give participants in either group any meaningful basis for deciding whether the type assigned to them contained the ...References1. Schultz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias: dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA. 1995; 273:408-12. Google Scholar2. Macknin ML, Mossad SB, Medendorp SV. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:739. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Editor PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDuration of Symptoms and Plasma Cytokine Levels in Patients with the Common Cold Treated with Zinc Acetate A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled TrialAnanda S. Prasad, MD, PhD, James T. Fitzgerald, PhD, Bin Bao, MD, PhD, Frances W.J. Beck, PhD, and Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar, MDLa declaración del conflicto de intereses en las publicaciones científicas. ¿Tiempo para las luces y los taquígrafos en la trastienda de la investigación financiada por la industria? 1 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 1Page: 75KeywordsCationsChloridesClinical trialsConflicts of interestPharynxProteinsTasteTouchZinc Issue Published: 1 January 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Front-Door Concentrations and Personal Exposures of Danish Children to Nitrogen Dioxide
Authors: Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Henrik Skov, Christian Lohse, Birthe L. Thomsen, Jorgen H. Olsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The aims of the study were to evaluate the front-door concentration of traffic exhaust fumes as a surrogate for the personal exposure of children and to study factors in the behavior and the environment of children that affect their personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)). The exposure to NO(2) of 103 children living in Copenhagen and 101 children living in rural areas of Denmark was studied by measuring average concentrations over 1 week with diffusive badge samplers placed outside the front door of the home, inside the child's bedroom, and on each child. Detailed information about the activities of the children involving potential exposure to NO(2) was noted in diaries. The results indicated that the front-door concentration of traffic pollution might be used to classify the personal exposure of urban children, although misclassification would be introduced. Multiple regression analysis showed several factors that affected the personal NO(2) exposure of the children independently, including the front-door concentration, the bedroom concentration, time spent outdoors, gas appliances used at home, passive smoking, and burning candles.
Ageing decreases the pool of newborn hepatocyte lineages, but does not impair their intrinsic proliferative response to partial hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Elena Vázquez-Ogando, Carolina Franco, Rafael Samaniego, Marta Puerto, María V. Gómez-Gaviro, Elena Blázquez-López, Laura Díaz, Alejandra Balarezo, Rafael Bañares, Javier Vaquero
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2020)
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome—Colorado and New Mexico, 1998
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a severe cardiopulmonary illness resulting in death in approximately 45% of cases. The most frequently recognized etiologic agent of HPS in North America, Sin Nombre virus (SNV), is transmitted to humans from its primary rodent reservoir, Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse), by direct contact with infected rodents, rodent droppings, or nests or through inhalation of aerosolized virus particles from mouse urine and feces. Sporadic cases occur throughout the United States and Canada, but the potential for spread from rodents to humans in 1998 probably has increased because of increased rodent population densities in some regions of the country. This report describes three cases of HPS that occurred in the southwestern United States with onsets of illness during April 15-28, 1998, and recommends methods to avoid exposure to rodents inside and around human dwellings.
Airborne Particles Are a Risk Factor for Hospital Admissions for Heart and Lung Disease
Authors: Antonella Zanobetti, Joel Schwartz, Douglas W. Dockery
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We examined the association between particulate matter [less than/equal to] 10 microm; (PM(10)) and hospital admission for heart and lung disease in ten U.S. cities. Our three goals were to determine whether there was an association, to estimate how the association was distributed across various lags between exposure and response, and to examine socioeconomic factors and copollutants as effect modifiers and confounders. We fit a Poisson regression model in each city to allow for city-specific differences and then combined the city-specific results. We examined potential confounding by a meta-regression of the city-specific results. Using a model that considered simultaneously the effects of PM(10) up to lags of 5 days, we found a 2.5% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8-3. 3] increase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a 1.95% (CI, 1. 5-2.4) increase in pneumonia, and a 1.27% increase (CI, 1-1.5) in CVD for a 10 microg/m(3) increase in PM(10). We found similar effect estimates using the mean of PM(10) on the same and previous day, but lower estimates using only PM(10) for a single day. When using only days with PM(10) < 50 mg/m(3), the effect size increased by [greater/equal to] 20% for all three outcomes. These effects are not modified by poverty rates or minority status. The results were stable when controlling for confounding by sulfur dioxide, ozone, and carbon monoxide. These results are consistent with previous epidemiology and recent mechanistic studies in animals and humans.
The Role of Hypersensitivity and the Immune Response in Influencing Susceptibility to Metal Toxicity
Authors: George Kazantzis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The immune status of the individual is an additional variable which has to be taken into account in any consideration of factors which influence the metabolism and toxicity of metals. The commonly occurring phenomena are described resulting from increased cellular reactivity to platinum, mercury, gold, nickel, chromium, and beryllium, and an attempt has attempt has been made to classify these into the four types of immune response. The clinical effects can be very varied, giving rise to conjunctivitis, rhinitis, asthma, urticaria, contact dermatitis, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome or blood dyscrasia. Of these effects, cutaneous hypersensitivity is the most common, affecting both industrial and general population groups. Metal compounds used in therapeutics and metals used in prostheses have also been responsible for hypersensitive reactions.
Book Review Oral Diagnosis with Suggestions for Treatment . By Kurt H. Thoma, D.M.D. With contributions by Fred Trevor, D.M.D., Henry Goldman, D.M.D., and David Weisberger, D.M.D. Second edition, revised. 8°, cloth, 495 pp., with 666 illustrations, 63 of them in colors. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Company, 1943. $6.75.
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1944)
Pulmonary Mucormycosis
Authors: Gerald Medoff, George S. Kobayashi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE patient described below appears to represent the first survival of acute pulmonary mucormycosis treated with amphotericin B in which the infection was eradicated without surgical intervention.1 In this case amphotericin B sensitivity testing was performed in a manner more physiologic than any previously described, and a rational treatment regimen for this infection was instituted.2 Case ReportL.S., a 63-year-old man under treatment with prednisone and chlorambucil for acute lymphocytic leukemia, was admitted to Barnes Hospital on November 7, 1970, with a 2-day history of shortness of breath, cough and fever. On admission, physical examination was within normal limits except . . .
Theophile Bonet (1620-1689) Physician of Geneva
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal