tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PDTM-30. UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF MOLECULAR SIZE ON VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION IN CONVECTION-ENHANCED DELIVERY
Authors: Erica Power, Julian Rechberger, Liang Zhang, David Daniels
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Diffuse midline gliomas harboring the H3K27M mutation, previously known as diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), are rare and aggressive pediatric brain tumors. Over 100 clinical trials with different chemotherapeutics have failed to show any therapeutic benefit. One reason for failure is likely due to poor delivery of these agents to the brainstem. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an emerging delivery technique used to directly inject the agent of interest into the brainstem under pressure. While there is evidence that this may be an effective delivery method, little work has been done to understand the optimal physical properties of these drugs. We sought characterize volume of distribution in the brain based on molecular size of the agent delivered via CED. METHODS Sprague- Dawley rats underwent a single injection of FITC-dextran (3,000 Da, 10,000 Da, 20,000 Da, 70,000 Da, 150,000 Da) via CED into the pons. Post-injection, animals were sacrificed and their brains harvested. Fluorescent microscopy imaging was used to calculate the volume of distribution of the FITC-dextran throughout the brain. RESULTS The volume of distribution (Vd) decreased exponentially according to a two-phase delay (r2= 0.94) as the molecular size of the FITC-dextran increased. The highest mean Vd (107.87mm3) was at a molecular weight of 3,000 Da, and lowest mean Vd (26.48 mm3) was at a molecular weight of 150,000 Da. ANOVA analysis was statistically significant (p= 0.0017). CONCLUSIONS As the molecular size of the FITC-dextran increased, the volume of distribution within the brain following a single injection via CED into the pons decreased. A better understanding of how drugs distribute by convection will allow us to optimize treatment regimens for DIPG tumors.
The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Acute myocardial infarction is a major public health problem that resulted in an estimated 676,000 hospital admissions in 1983.1 Thrombolytic therapy with reperfusion of ischemic, not yet necrotic myocardium is a promising but unproved addition to conventional coronary care, which may actually limit infarct size if given soon after the onset of infarction.2 3 4 5 6 Ligation of canine coronary arteries followed by ligature release and reperfusion has demonstrated that necrosis is complete by six hours.7 , 8 The time course of necrosis after coronary occlusion in human beings with chronic coronary artery disease is probably similar. Therefore, if thrombolytic therapy is to have a . . .
Prognostic factors in meningococcal disease
Authors: M. Radetsky
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Dr Radetsky has raised the important point of the ability of preadmission antibiotic therapy to significantly decrease the risk of a fatal outcome. As he observed, we did not stratify the relationship between preadmission antibiotic therapy and outcome by clinical form of meningococcal disease in the primary series of patients (derivation set). Such a stratification is shown in the Table, and demonstrates that when the ability of preadmission antibiotics to improve survival was examined by clinical form of the disease, preadmission antibiotic therapy could improve survival in each of them. However, the differences were statistically significant only in the acute form and when all forms were analyzed together. The subacute form showed a trend to significance, whereas in the fulminant form, the low number of patients provided inadequate power to test the hypothesis. The assumption that preadmission antibiotic therapy was more frequent in subacute and acute forms of the disease is correct
Miscellany
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Double blind dose-response study of zidovudine in AIDS and advanced HIV infection. Nordic Medical Research Councils' HIV Therapy Group.
Authors: Peter G0tzsche
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To compare the efficacy and side effects of 400 mg, 800 mg, and 1200 mg zidovudine daily in patients with AIDS or advanced HIV infection. DESIGN--Randomised, double blind, parallel group multicentre study. SETTING--Hospital departments of infectious diseases and dermatology in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, and Iceland. SUBJECTS--474 patients: 126 (27%) with AIDS; 248 (52%) with HIV related symptoms; 100 (21%) with low CD4+ cell counts. INTERVENTIONS--Zidovudine 400 mg (160 patients), 800 mg (158), or 1200 mg (156) daily. All patients received one capsule from each of three bottles four times daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Survival; incidence of new HIV related events; CD4+ cell count; quality of life; incidence of haematological side effects. RESULTS--460 (97%) of the 474 patients had not received zidovudine previously. The median follow up period was 19 months, during which the death rates in the three treatment groups were 23% (36/160 patients), 23% (36/158), and 19% (30/156) respectively (p = 0.49; log rank test). One year after the trial was terminated the death rates were 38% (61/160), 41% (64/158), and 44% (68/156) respectively (p = 0.54). There was no significant difference between the groups in time to a new AIDS defining event or death, average number of events per patient, decline in CD4+ cell counts, wellbeing (visual analogue scale), or Karnofsky score. Zidovudine was withdrawn in 132 (28%) patients, mainly because of side effects (71 cases; 15%). The incidences of anaemia and leucopenia, time to first dose reduction, and numbers of patients withdrawn were all dose related. CONCLUSION--Zidovudine should be limited to 400-600 mg daily in patients with AIDS or advanced HIV infection.
Correction: Paget's disease of bone
Authors: J Mr, St Kirkham
Journal: BMJ (1981)

liams's letter (10 October, p 987) about the management of gastrointestinal bleeding, and agree entirely with your comment.I would take exception, however, to his last sentence, which implies that an "alcoholic binge" may lead to an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and that this does not require investigation.It is our experience that when alcoholic excess leads to a massive bleed there is usually a chronic underlying cause, and I would suggest that these patients most certainly should be investigated.
Revue Médicale de Liége
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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The tattletape tale
Authors: R. S. Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1978)

PHYSICIANS treat cynicism in medicine much as they do the weather, with much talk and little action. Yet, unlike the weather, cynicism can become a predictable, constructive force, especially when used to focus moral light on an existing evil. In fact, physicians could go so far as to teach medical students positive cynicism, the examination of human values, the sharing of the self-evident truth that no thinking physician successfully completes his daily rounds without some touch of that special cast of mind, and the sharp vision of things as they are, which a cynic uses to clarify and purify social values. <h3>A Shrine to Disbelief</h3> An example of constructive cynicism in the service of higher professional standards occurred when a shrine to disbelief in positive human values was erected on our local health-science campus. It is an archway under which all students and faculty must pass, genuflecting in token of
Disaster plan launches training, site selection
Authors: K. Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

If a large-scale earthquake such as the one that struck sparsely populated Fort Tejon, Calif (160 km [100 miles] northwest of downtown Los Angeles), in 1857 were to occur in the same vicinity tomorrow, what could be done to rescue and care for the 12,000 to 100,000 persons who, authorities believe, might be injured? Considering such a possibility, President Reagan in 1981 established the Emergency Mobilization Preparedness Board. The board's Principal Working Group on Health has been chaired by US Department of Health and Human Services' former Assistant Secretary for Health Edward N. Brandt, Jr, MD, and includes representatives from the US Department of Health and Human Services' Public Health Service, US Department of Defense, Health Care Financing Administration, Veterans Administration, and Federal Emergency Management Agency. This group has developed the plan for a National Disaster Medical System. Patterned after the much-debated Civilian-Military Contingency Hospital System, the new system's objective
Lymphosarcomatous arthropathy.
Authors: V M Martin, R M Bennett, G R Hughes, P J Holt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

Skeletal involvement in lymphosarcoma is a relatively common finding, usually caused by metastatic deposits.Primary bone involvement is comparatively unusual, most reports describing lesions in the proximal skeleton.We report here a unique case in which acute and crippling pain commenced simultaneously in multiple peripheral joints.Radiographs showed multiple radiolucent areas which biopsy showed to be due to lymphocytic lymphosarcoma.Extensive investigations failed to reveal a primary lesion.Low- dose radiotherapy combined with Vincristine and Radiographs showed multiple radiolucent areas at the Accepted for publication August 18, 1972.lower end of the left tibia (Fig. 1) and in the small bones on July 7,
From the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
Authors: J. J. Clinton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Peer review in journals indexed in Index Medicus
Authors: L. A. Colaianni
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether peer review policies are published in English-language journals indexed in<i>Index Medicus</i>and, secondarily, to obtain information on the peer review practices of such journals. <h3>Design.</h3> —Examined one issue of a sample of all journal titles written in English and indexed in<i>Index Medicus</i>, and all indexed English-language journals in four subject fields. A questionnaire was sent to the editors of journals in the subject fields requesting information on their peer review practices. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Journals received at the National Library of Medicine. <h3>Participants.</h3> —Editors of journals in four subject fields. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Existence of a printed statement of the peer review process for manuscripts. <h3>Results.</h3> —Although the editors queried in the four subject fields indicated that overall, 56% to 65% of the articles were peer reviewed, clear statements about their peer review practices were not found in half of their journals or in the overall sample. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Editors should publish clear statements of the peer review process followed for each type of article published in their journals. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;272:156-158)
Molecular Genetic Analysis of the Cytochrome P450-Debrisoquine Hydroxylase Locus and Association with Cancer Susceptibility
Authors: C. A. Dale Smith, Julie E. Moss, Alan C. Gough, Nigel K. Spurr, C. Roland Wolf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases play a central role in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens. The action of these enzymes can lead to either carcinogen detoxication or activation. Differences in P450 expression in animal models give rise to large differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, so genetic polymorphisms in P450 expression may be expected to be an important factor in individual human susceptibility to cancer. Of particular interest is the genetic polymorphism at the cytochrome P450-debrisoquine/sparteine hydroxylase locus (CYP2D6). Although this is a minor liver P450, its polymorphic expression is associated with the abnormal metabolism of at least 30 therapeutic drugs, including beta-blockers and tricyclic antidepressants. Conflicting reports have been made on the association of this polymorphism with cancer susceptibility. This disagreement may be attributable to limitations of the phenotyping assay used to identify affected individuals (poor metabolizers, PMs). In order to clarify these anomalies, we have developed a simple DNA-based assay with which we can identify the majority of PMs. The assay is centered around the primary gene defect responsible for the polymorphism, a G to A transition at the junction of intron 3/exon 4 which results in a frame-shift in the resultant mRNA. The frequency of this mutation is 70-80% in PMs. We have studied the frequency of mutated alleles in a control population and in a wide range of cancer patients. No association between this polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility was observed; however, in other populations of cancer patients some very interesting shifts were found in the proportion of PMs and heterozygotes from that in the normal population.
Asthma induced by nickel
Authors: G. T. Block
Journal: JAMA (1982)

NICKEL allergy manifest as contact dermatitis has long been recognized. In 1971 McConnell et al<sup>1</sup>reported asthma due to nickel sulfate in a metal-plate worker; a bronchoprovocation challenge test with nickel sulfate duplicated the patient's symptoms, and circulating antibodies were found by hemagglutination tests. We report a second case study of asthma induced by nickel sulfate. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old metal polisher with a history of contact dermatitis and recent episodes of shortness of breath was referred to our clinic in April 1980 for further evaluation. His medical history was unremarkable. He had stopped smoking at the age of 33 years. He had no history of allergies and knew of none in his family. The patient had been a metal polisher since the age of 24 years and had contact with gold, brass, and nickel. At 49 years he began polishing bumpers and continued this work until
The Science of Psychology: An Introductory Study.
Journal: JAMA (1929)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SATIRE
Authors: Alvan G. Foraker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

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Relax: it's onlie sodeyne death
Authors: L. R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1993)

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Liquid-Based Cytology vs Conventional Cytology in Detecting Cervical Cancer—Reply
Authors: Mark Schiffman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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