tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A phase II study of weekly docetaxel and carboplatin in stage IIIB (with effusion) or stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients age &lt; 65 and performance status 2
Authors: J. F. Sandbach, C. Weissman, R. Brooker, D. Ilegbodu, L. Asmar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

7122 Background: Primary goals of therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (ANSCLC) are an increased survival time, palliation of symptoms, and prolonged time to progression (TTP). This study was designed to explore if ANSCLC patients (pts) with ECOG PS 2 and age ≤65 years could benefit from systemic chemotherapy with acceptable toxicities. Methods: Fifty-nine eligible pts with stage IIIB (effusion) or stage IV NSCLC were registered on study. Patients received docetaxel (Taxotere®) 35 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC=2 on Days 1, 8, 15 every 28-day cycle (maximum 8 cycles). Endpoints were 1-year survival, tumor response, TTP, and safety. Results: Among the 59 eligible pts, 1 never received study drug, 58 pts were evaluable for safety, and 49 for response; 9 pts were non-evaluable due to: palliative XRT (1), withdrawal of consent (2), toxicities (1 each; dyspnea, weakness, allergy to study drug) and other illness (3). Responses were: 1 CR (2%), 5 PR (10%), 22 SD (45%), and 21 PD (43%). The 1-year survival was 28%; median survival was 6.0 months (range, <1–24.3). The 1-year progression-free survival was 14% with a median TTP of 3.7 months (range, <1–22.8) and median duration of response for CR+PR was 5.4 months (range, 2.3–9.7). Patients received a median of 3 cycles (range, 1–9); 14 pts (24%) had dose reductions, mainly due to toxicities. The primary Grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia and fatigue (10.2% each), nausea (8.5%), dehydration (6.8%), and vomiting (5.1%). All 43 deaths were due to PD. Toxicities of this regimen are comparable to other chemotherapy regimens used in this population, thus it may be an alternative treatment choice for patients with ANSCLC who are ≤65 years and PS 2. Conclusions: These results confirm the relatively poor outcome of PS 2 pts with ANSCLC. The overall benefit of chemotherapy doublets, compared to monotherapy, in this patient population remains to be proven. Supported by Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Abstract 4393: Integrative proteomic analysis of prostate cancer reveals distinct regulation of RNA binding proteins during disease progression
Authors: Mauro Scaravilli, Annika Kohvakka, Pekka Ruusuvuori, Ebrahim Afyounian, Matti Nykter, Tapio Visakorpi, Leena Latonen
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract To understand the etiology of the disease, and to find novel and more specific drug targets, the driver mutations and expressional changes in prostate cancer have been examined through extensive genomic and transcriptomic characterization. Although significant insight has been gained through these efforts, it is clear that not all molecular alterations influencing the tumor outcome can be captured through these approaches, and that a comprehensive understanding of the molecular events in cancer require thorough investigation of the proteome. To understand the functional consequences of genetic and transcriptional aberrations in prostate cancer, we aimed to reveal the proteomic changes during disease formation and progression. We performed high throughput mass spectrometry on clinical tissue samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), untreated primary prostate cancer (PC) and castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We performed an integrative analysis of the proteomic data with gene copy number, DNA methylation, and RNA expression data from the same samples. Furthermore, proteomic events correlating with the androgen receptor (AR) status of the tumors were analysed. We uncovered previously unrecognized molecular and pathway events and several novel AR-associated events in the prostate cancer proteomes to study further. We found significant changes in expression of RNA-binding proteins during disease formation and progression. Examining the relationship of RNA binding proteins at the RNA and protein expression level reveal that while many RNA binding proteins exhibit correlation between the expression levels, some seem regulated at the posttranslational level. Two RNA binding proteins, TDP-43 and FUS, which regulated at the protein, but not at RNA level during prostate cancer progression, show opposite behavior during disease progression and correlation with AR status of the tumors. In cultured prostate cancer cell models, we show that these proteins have specific, but divergent interactions with AR at the RNA and protein levels, and that they contribute differentially to AR activity-mediated responses. Thus, these proteins may significantly contribute to prostate cancer molecular evolution and may pinpoint possible targetable pathways in future prostate cancer therapy. Citation Format: Mauro Scaravilli, Annika Kohvakka, Pekka Ruusuvuori, Ebrahim Afyounian, Matti Nykter, Tapio Visakorpi, Leena Latonen. Integrative proteomic analysis of prostate cancer reveals distinct regulation of RNA binding proteins during disease progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4393.
Gene Transfer to Ocular Stem Cells by Early Gestational Intraamniotic Injection of Lentiviral Vector
Authors: Masayuki Endo, Philip W Zoltick, Daniel C Chung, Jean Bennett, Antoneta Radu, Nidal Muvarak, Alan W Flake
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Ocular gene transfer has generally been approached by direct intraocular injection. In this study, we hypothesized that an opportunity exists during early gestation when specific ocular stem cell populations are accessible for gene transfer. These include the stem cell populations that maintain the cornea, lens, and retina throughout life. To test this hypothesis, we injected lentiviral vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene into the murine amniotic space from the late head fold/early somite stage postcoital day 8 (E8) to E18 and performed sequential analysis of GFP expression in ocular tissues. Depending on the timing of vector exposure, significant GFP expression was observed in all ectoderm-derived tissues in the eye. With injection at early gestational time points, GFP expression persisted long term, with evidence of high efficiency stem cell transduction in the cornea, lens, and retina. The observed patterns and duration of gene expression confirm the accessibility of ocular stem cell populations for lentiviral vector-based gene transfer at specific developmental time points in early gestation. This model may be useful for the investigation of mechanisms of genetic and/or developmental ocular disease and for the development of prenatal gene therapy for specific ocular disorders. Ocular gene transfer has generally been approached by direct intraocular injection. In this study, we hypothesized that an opportunity exists during early gestation when specific ocular stem cell populations are accessible for gene transfer. These include the stem cell populations that maintain the cornea, lens, and retina throughout life. To test this hypothesis, we injected lentiviral vector encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene into the murine amniotic space from the late head fold/early somite stage postcoital day 8 (E8) to E18 and performed sequential analysis of GFP expression in ocular tissues. Depending on the timing of vector exposure, significant GFP expression was observed in all ectoderm-derived tissues in the eye. With injection at early gestational time points, GFP expression persisted long term, with evidence of high efficiency stem cell transduction in the cornea, lens, and retina. The observed patterns and duration of gene expression confirm the accessibility of ocular stem cell populations for lentiviral vector-based gene transfer at specific developmental time points in early gestation. This model may be useful for the investigation of mechanisms of genetic and/or developmental ocular disease and for the development of prenatal gene therapy for specific ocular disorders.
Deferring Emergency Room Care
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Summaries for Patients5 November 2002Deferring Emergency Room CareSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-9-200211050-00001 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail What is the problem and what is known about it so far?Ideally, emergency rooms (ERs) are for people who need help right away. Last year, almost 100 million Americans visited ERs. These ERs were often overcrowded, and patients sometimes had to wait a long time. Some patients left before being seen by physicians because they felt too sick to wait. Some of these patients were hospitalized on an emergency basis within the next week.On the other hand, many of the patients who visited ERs were not acutely or seriously ill. They used ERs rather than outpatient clinics as ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationThe summary below is from the full report titled “Next-Day Care for Emergency Department Users with Nonacute Conditions. A Randomized, Controlled Trial.” It is in the 5 November 2002 issue of Annals of Internal Medicine (volume 137, pages 707-714). The authors are DL Washington, CD Stevens, PG Shekelle, PL Henneman, and RH Brook.Summaries for Patients are a service provided by Annals to help patients better understand the complicated and often mystifying language of modern medicine.Summaries for Patients are presented for informational purposes only. These summaries are not a substitute for advice from your own medical provider. If you have questions about this material, or need medical advice about your own health or situation, please contact your physician. The summaries may be reproduced for not-for-profit educational purposes only. Any other uses must be approved by the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoNext-Day Care for Emergency Department Users with Nonacute Conditions Donna L. Washington , Carl D. Stevens , Paul G. Shekelle , Philip L. Henneman , and Robert H. Brook Metrics 5 November 2002Volume 137, Issue 9Page: I-18KeywordsArthralgiaEmergency departmentForecastingMyalgiaOutpatient clinicsPatientsPharyngitis ePublished: 5 November 2002 Issue Published: 5 November 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Issues Regarding Antiretroviral Treatment for Patients With HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Eric P. Goosby
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their 1991 report,<i>HIV Disease in Correc-</i><i>tional Facilities</i>, the Presidential National Commission on AIDS recommends that "care and treatment available to HIV-infected inmates in correctional facilities should be equal to that available to HIV-infected individuals in the general community.<sup>"</sup>Dr Carpenter and colleagues<sup>2</sup>and Dr Quinn<sup>3</sup>recommend treatment of acute primary HIV infections with combination antiretroviral regimens that include 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a protease inhibitor. Incarcerated populations have higher prevalence rates of HIV infection than the general nonincarcerated population. As unprotected sexual intercourse and sharing of syringes and needles for injection continue to occur within correctional facilities, new cases of HIV infection among inmates most certainly will take place. A considerable number of these newly infected inmates will present with symptomatic primary HIV infections, also referred to as the acute retroviral syndrome. Therefore we believe that primary care clinicians in correctional facilities have
Quantification of hepatitis B virus DNA over a wide range from serum for studying viral replicative activity in response to treatment and in recurrent infection
Authors: M RANKI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A new standardized test for hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA with increased sensitivity and range over previous assays (30 to 106 HBV genomes/test) was evaluated in this study. The quantitative results from the test have been validated using international reference specimens of known titer and a reference solution hybridization test. The test has small variability considering the wide dynamic range. The CV was 14% within one experiment and 32% to 39% between independent experiments. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative, anti—HBc-positive blood donor sera (n = 25) were all negative for HBV DNA in the new test, whereas 63% (n = 19) of HBsAg-positive healthy carriers had measurable quantities of HBV DNA. In five example cases of chronic hepatitis B patients responding to alfa-interferon treatment but remaining virus positive, HBV DNA was consistently present in posttreatment sera in a titer range 4 × 103 to 106/mL not detectable by the conventional hybridization test. In two complete responders, the HBV DNA titer decreased over six orders of magnitude to below cutoff of the test. In four liver transplant recipients with chronic hepatitis B, viral recurrence was detected by the new test at an early stage much before the clinical relapse. Unlike serology, the test was suitable also in patients under anti-HBs immunoprophylaxis. In conclusion, the new colorimetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test allowed thousandfold increased sensitivity in quantification of HBV DNA in patient sera. The test may have future applications in improving assessment of efficacy of antiviral treatment and guiding therapeutic interventions.
Chronic rejection following primary adult liver transplantation under tacrolimus . Pittsburgh Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A portal hemodynamic study was made in 7 consecutive patients with chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy by percutaneous transhepatic catheterization of the portal vein and injecting contrast medium into the superior mesenteric vein or by superior mesenteric arterial portography in comparison with patients without encephalopathy studied by percutaneous catheterization of these veins. All 7 patients had a large gastro-renal or spleno-renal shunt, and a large proportion of superior mesenteric venous blood was being shunted as estimated from the diameter of the portal and the collateral vein, whereas in nonencephalopathic patients in whom part of the superior mesenteric venous blood was shunting this diversion was much less (P < 0.001). Only one of the chronic portal-systemic encephalopathic patients had esophageal varices, insignificant in size, and the incidence of esophageal varices was significantly less compared to the 12 nonencephalopathic control patients with portal hypertension who had either a gastro-renal or spleno-renal shunt (P < 0.05). It is suggested that chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy is a result of a large collateral route shunting a large proportion of the superior mesenteric venous blood into systemic circulation, and that development of such collaterals precludes formation of large esophageal varices.
Gentlemen Boxers' Brains
Authors: F. B. Byrom, P. M. Daniel
Journal: BMJ (1960)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>BACKGROUND</h3> India does not have a formal cardiac arrest registry and a centralized emergency medical system. In this study, we aimed to assess the prehospital care received by the patients with OHCA and to predict the factors that could influence their outcome. <h3>METHODS</h3> We performed a prospective observational study, including OHCA patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) between February 2019 and January 2020. A structured proforma was used to capture information like basic demography, prehospital details like bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), use of an automated external defibrillator (AED), clinical profile, and outcome. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Among the included 205 patients, the majority were male (71.2%) and belonged to older age (49.3%). The nature of arrest was predominantly non-traumatic (82.4%). The initial rhythm at presentation was non-shockable (96.5%). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was achieved in 17 (8.3%) patients, of which only 3 (1.4%) patients survived till discharge. The home was the most common location of OHCA (116, 56.6%). Among the OHCA patients, witnessed arrests were seen only in 64 (31.2%), of which 15 (7.8%) received bystander CPR, and AED was used in 1% of the patients. The initial shockable rhythm was a significant predictor of ROSC (OR 18.97 95%CI 3.83-93.89; p&lt;0.001) and survival to discharge (OR 42.67; 95%CI 7.69-234.32; p&lt;0.001). <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> In a developing country like India, this study underlines the poor status of the prehospital system like lower bystander CPR, AED and ambulance usage. Moreover, ROSC was seen only in less than 10% of patients, and only 1.3% got discharged from the hospital.
Thymocyte emigration is mediated by active movement away from stroma-derived factors
Authors: Mark C. Poznansky, Ivona T. Olszak, Richard H. Evans, Zhengyu Wang, Russell B. Foxall, Douglas P. Olson, Kathryn Weibrecht, Andrew D. Luster, David T. Scadden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

T cells leave the thymus at a specific time during differentiation and do not return despite elaboration of known T cell chemoattractants by thymic stroma. We observed differentiation stage–restricted egress of thymocytes from an artificial thymus in which vascular structures or hemodynamics could not have been playing a role. Hypothesizing that active movement of cells away from a thymic product may be responsible, we demonstrated selective reduction in emigration from primary thymus by inhibitors of active movement down a concentration gradient (chemofugetaxis). Immature intrathymic precursors were insensitive to an emigration signal, whereas mature thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells were sensitive. Thymic stroma was noted to elaborate at least two proteins capable of inducing emigration, one of which was stromal cell–derived factor-1. Thymic emigration is mediated, at least in part, by specific fugetaxis-inducing factors to which only mature cells respond.
Bile acids measured in pediatric illness
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Errata
Journal: BMJ (1918)

A. P. TRUMHAN (Exeter) writes with reference to l)r.Martland's note in the issue of October 26th: I was in the lhabit of usinig the first two drugs of his prescription (creosote and potassium iodide) continually for pneumonia and other pulmonary affections during mv term of practice in Readin)g 1891-1906), and I found them most useful.I often used, however, guaiacol instead of creosote for various reasons; and I have found the same drugs, combined vith nux vomica, equally useful inl many disorders of the stomach and bowel.SCARLATINIFORM RASH IN INFLUENZA.
Allergy and immunology
Authors: D. L. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Developments allergy stem from a new appreciation of the immunology of classic immediate hypersensitivity (anaphylactic-type) reactions. Allergic reactions are now known to be biphasic, with an immediate component and a late component. When exposure to an allergen is long-term, inflammatory allergic reactions produce chronic symptoms. This understanding has provided a major change in the therapeutic approach to allergic diseases. Such insights are timely because an apparent worldwide epidemic of fatal asthma has occurred despite ever-increasing expenditures for asthma medications. In allergic reactions, IgE attached to sensitized mast cells and basophils binds with the allergen and triggers the release of mediators. IgE-mediated cutaneous allergic reactions, like those that occur after beestings, have been known for years to be biphasic, ie, they have an immediate component (wheal and flare), which occurs within 20 minutes, and a subsequent late component (erythema and induration), which usually occurs 6 to 12 hours later. Biopsy specimens
Environment and the Skin
Authors: Raymond R. Suskind
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The skin is an important interface between man and his environment; it is an important portal of entry for hazardous agents and a vulnerable target tissue as well. It is a uniquely accessible model system for detecting hazards and for studying mechanisms of a wide variety of biologic funcitons. Environmental causes of skin reactions comprise a vast array of physical, chemical and biological agents. To appreciate the role of the skin as an interface with man's environment, it is necessary to understand the multiple adaptive mechanisms, and the defenses of the skin against the environmental stresses. The skin is endowed with a versatile group of defenses against penetration, fluid loss from the body, thermal stress, solar radiation, physical trauma and microbial agents. Patterns of adverse response range in quality and intensity from uncomplicated itching to metastatic neoplasia. Environmental problems comprise a large segment of disabling skin disease. Although critical epidemiologic data is limited, cutaneous illnesses comprise a significant segment of occupational disease. This represents a significant loss in productivity and a major cause of disability. The most serious research needs include the development of surveillance systems for identifying skin hazards and determining frequency of environmental skin disease; the development of new models for studying cutaneous penetration; the elucidation of the mechanisms of nonallergic inflammatory reactions (primary irritation) and of the accommodation phenomenon; the development of more sensitive models for predicting adverse responses to marginal irritants; the utilization of modern skills of immunobiology and immunochemistry to elucidate mechanisms of allergic responses; the launching of epidemiologic studies to determine the long term effects of PCBs and associated compounds such as dioxins; and the expansion of research in the mechanisms of skin cancer in relation to susceptibility, genetic and metabolic considerations, ultraviolet light, and phototoxic agents.