tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health experts warn of disease as worst flooding in years hits Bangladesh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

evaluated.We think that trauma units with access to a helical, multiplane, computed tomography scanner should routinely image the entire cervical spine at high resolution since the number needed to treat to detect a further injury beyond directed scanning may be only eight to 22 patients, 20 21 36 and this is the standard recommended in figure 2. This is similarly a level 2-3 recommendation; an urgent need remains for an adequately powered, prospective comparison of these modalities to justify any further recommendations.We propose the removal of cervical collars and patients' mobilisation as a priority for management.Therefore if plain radiographs and computed tomography imaging do not show evidence of traumatic abnormality and the patient is not expected to be conscious within 48-72 hours, current evidence supports the declaration "cervical spine cleared" without further delay.We draw attention to the routine inclusion of thoracolumbar plain radiography, where unconscious patients with multiple injuries have a compatible mechanism of injury.Contributors: CGM had the original idea, searched the literature, and wrote the main text.
The Upper Respiratory Tract: Mucous Membrane Irritation
Authors: Rebecca Bascom
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Despite the widespread recognition that mucosal irritation is a cardinal feature of "sick-building syndrome," few data exist on the cause, natural history, or pathophysiology of upper respiratory mucous membrane irritation. The baseline prevalence of nasal symptoms among building occupants is often 20%, but in some studies it is as high as 50 to 60%. New techniques of nasal challenge and analysis of cells and mediators in nasal lavage fluid have proved useful in the assessment of rhinitis caused by antigens, cold air, and viruses, and these techniques are now being applied to the study the response to irritants. Human inhalation challenge studies have recently demonstrated a spectrum of sensitivity to environmental tobacco smoke, but the basis for this difference requires additional investigation. Animal and in vitro studies indicate that the chemosensitive neurons and airway epithelium may be critical targets for irritants that participate in the induction of inflammation. New research methods are needed, particularly to evaluate complaints of nasal congestion, drying, and irritation. Techniques should be developed that may be useful for field studies, where the health effects of a complex mixture are being assessed in a specific indoor environment. There exists a group of individuals who report a variety of symptoms on exposure to low levels of common volatile organic mixtures such as perfume, cigarette smoke, and cleaning agents. Some of these individuals report having occupied "sick buildings" during the time their symptoms began. Research is needed to understand the basis of their complaints, their etiology, and treatment.
Epigenetic Silencing of Cyclooxygenase-2 Affects Clinical Outcome in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Michiel F.G. de Maat, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde, Naoyuki Umetani, Pieter de Heer, Hein Putter, Anneke Q. van Hoesel, Gerrit A. Meijer, Nicole C. van Grieken, Peter J.K. Kuppen, Anton J. Bilchik, Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Dave S.B. Hoon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in gastric cancer has been shown to enhance tumor progression. We investigated whether silencing by promoter region hypermethylation of the COX-2 gene contributes to disease outcome in gastric cancer. Materials and Methods COX-2 methylation status was initially assessed by capillary array electrophoresis methylation–specific polymerase chain reaction (CAE-MSP) and COX-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 40 primary gastric cancer tissues in a pilot study. Prognostic end points of correlative studies of COX-2 methylation status were time to recurrence, overall survival, and standard clinicopathologic features. CAE-MSP analysis was then validated in a second independent gastric cancer population (n = 137). Results COX-2 methylation was detected in 23% and 28% of the pilot and validation patient groups, respectively. COX-2 expression (IHC) in gastric tumors inversely correlated with COX-2 gene methylation status in the pilot study (P = .02). COX-2 methylation in tumors was significantly associated with lower T, N, and TNM stage in the validation patient group (P = .02, P = .006, and P = .008, respectively). Patients with COX-2 methylated tumors had significantly longer time to recurrence and improved overall survival in a multivariate analysis in the validation patient group (hazard ratio[HR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24% to 0.99%; HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.38% to 0.99%, respectively). Conclusion Hypermethylation of COX-2 gene promoter was identified as an independent prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients. The results suggest promoter hypermethylation to be an important regulatory mechanism of COX-2 expression in gastric cancer and an important prognostic biomarker.
Pulmonary embolism in a transsexual man taking diethylstilbestrol
Authors: K. L. Lehrman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE ASSOCIATION of the use of oral contraceptive pills with increased risk of thromboembolism in women has been well documented.<sup>1</sup>This report describes the occurrence of pulmonary embolism in a normal, healthy man taking estrogens to alter secondary sex characteristics. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 29-year-old phenotypic and genotypic man was admitted to the hospital with a history of short-term onset of right shoulder and chest pain accompanied by shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and hemoptysis. The patient did not have any history of varicosities, injuries, or prolonged inactivity, but he felt "muscle cramps" in both legs prior to the onset of pain. He was being seen at the San Francisco Community Health Center for Special Problems for therapy of transsexualism, which included psychotherapy and diethylstilbestrol, 5 mg every day for two years, in preparation for a sex-reassignment operation. Initial examination showed a feminineappearing man with gynecomastia and atrophic testes.
Shortage of Nurses
Authors: W. M. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1947)

ICAL JOAL amoUnt of the drug inspired depends entirely upon the gas- tight fit of the mask.One ounce (28.4 ml.) of trichlorethylene poured into the bottle makes the apparatus ready for use.The three-way tap is kept permanently in the "valves" position so that the patient inspires over the trilene and expires into the air.To make the apparatus more foolproof, so that the analgesia can be self-administered, a special gas-cock, made for me by A. Charles King, Ltd., can be used.With this the tap position cannot be varied and the valves are of a special low-inertia type.The cost of the apparatus, using new parts throughout, was about 50s. in 1944, which is ludicrously low compared with that of any other machine.In addition to the above.asmall wooden box, in which to stand the Woulfe's bottle to prevent its being knocked over, can be used if desired.The diagram will perhaps eke out the deficiencies of the description.-Iam, etc., Stockport, Cheshire.
Residency Training
Authors: ROBERT F. JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1982Residency TrainingROBERT F. JOHNSON, M.D.ROBERT F. JOHNSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-794 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The editorial by Frame (1) in the March issue offers many valuable guidelines for the organization and content of management and teaching rounds for internal medicine residents. Also, his suggestion for further discussion and evaluation of this subject by those organizations most involved is very appropriate. However, there are other recommendations that would clearly not be applicable to many teaching programs. Specifically, I would refer to community-based residencies where physicians in private practice teach on a voluntary basis.Maintaining a "home floor" is impracticable and unnecessary in many institutions. A "home service" composed of a group of...Reference1. FRAME B. Interaction between house staff and attending physicians [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:372-3. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Clinical competence in internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:402-11. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Blodgett Memorial Medical Center St. Mary's Hospital Grand Rapids, MI 49506 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1982Volume 96, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 794-795KeywordsResidency Issue Published: 1 June 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Leads from the MMWR. Recommendations for diagnosing and treating syphilis in HIV-infected patients
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hematology
Authors: William Dameshek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

Anemia Due to Bone-Marrow DisturbancesAnemia due to a disturbance in the bone marrow is usually normochromic (normal color index) and normocytic (normal cell volume and normal cell diameter) because what red cells are produced by the more or less incapacitated marrow are normal from the standpoints of hemoglobin content and cell size. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are usually associated phenomena; in other words, there is a pancytopenia.The presence of pancytopenia — anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia —should at once lead to the suspicion that a condition involving the bone marrow is present. In general, the diagnostic possibilities are . . .
Ramucirumab for Patients with Intermediate-Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Elevated Alpha-Fetoprotein: Pooled Results from Two Phase 3 Studies (REACH and REACH-2)
Authors: Masatoshi Kudo, Richard S. Finn, Manabu Morimoto, Kun-Ming Rau, Masafumi Ikeda, Chia-Jui Yen, Peter R. Galle, Josep M. Llovet, Bruno Daniele, Ho Yeong Lim, David W. McIlwain, Reigetsu Yoshikawa, Kenichi Nakamura, Kun Liang, Chunxiao Wang, Paolo Abada, Ryan C. Widau, Andrew X. Zhu
Journal: Liver Cancer (2021)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as defined by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage B, is heterogeneous in terms of liver function and tumor burden. REACH and REACH-2 investigated ramucirumab in patients with HCC after prior sorafenib, with REACH-2 enrolling only patients with baseline α-fetoprotein (AFP) ≥400 ng/mL. An exploratory analysis of outcomes by BCLC stage was performed. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A pooled meta-analysis of independent patient data (stratified by study) from REACH (AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL) and REACH-2 was performed. All patients had Child-Pugh A, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–1, prior sorafenib treatment, and either HCC BCLC stage B (refractory/not amenable to locoregional therapy) or BCLC stage C. Patients were randomized to ramucirumab 8 mg/kg or placebo every 2 weeks. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Treatment effects in BCLC stage B and C were evaluated by Cox proportional-hazards model; prognosis of BCLC staging for OS was evaluated by multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model. Tumor responses were evaluated according to Response Evaluation in Solid Tumors v1.1. Liver function was assessed with albumin-bilirubin score. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Baseline characteristics were generally balanced between treatment arms in each BCLC stage. BCLC staging trended as an independent prognostic factor for OS (B vs. C; hazard ratio [HR] 0.756 [95% CI 0.546–1.046]). Consistent treatment benefit was observed for ramucirumab versus placebo across BCLC stages. Median OS for ramucirumab versus placebo was 13.7 versus 8.2 months; HR (95%): 0.43 (0.23–0.83) and 7.7 versus 4.8 months; HR (95%): 0.72 (0.59–0.89) for BCLC stage B and C, respectively. Adverse events (AEs) were consistent with observations from both studies; hypertension was the most frequent grade ≥3 AE. Liver function was preserved throughout the study and similar between treatment arms in both BCLC stages. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Ramucirumab provided a better survival benefit irrespective of BCLC stage and was well tolerated without compromising liver function during treatment.
Hepatology Highlights
Authors: Aleksey Novikov, Robert E. Schwartz, Saurabh Mukewar, Robert S. Brown, Clara Tow, Nicholas Russo, Russell Rosenblatt, Shawn Shah, Nicole T. Shen, Yecheskel Schneider, Vikas Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Novikov, Aleksey1; Schwartz, Robert E.1; Mukewar, Saurabh2; Brown, Robert S. Jr.1; Tow, Clara2; Russo, Nicholas1; Rosenblatt, Russell1; Shah, Shawn1; Shen, Nicole T.1; Schneider, Yecheskel1; Gupta, Vikas1 Author Information
Investigation of Benzene-DNA Adducts and Their Detection in Human Bone Marrow
Authors: William J. Bodell, Gyorgy Levay, Krisztina Pongracz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

We have examined DNA adduct formation in HL-60 cells and human bone marrow treated with either hydroquinone or p-benzoquinone and have found that these treatments produce the same DNA adduct in both cell types. The DNA adduct level from these treatments varied from 0.05 to 7.5 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides as a function of treatment time and concentration for both compounds. Reaction of calf thymus DNA with p-benzoquinone produced three adducts as detected by 32P-postlabeling. These adducts have been identified as (3'-hydroxy)-3,N4-benzetheno-2'-deoxycytidine-3'-phosphate; (3'-hydroxy)-1,N6-benzetheno-2'-deoxyadenosine-3'-phosphate; and (3'-hydroxy)-1,N2-benzetheno-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate. The DNA adduct formed in HL-60 cells did not correspond to any of the principal adducts formed in DNA reacted with p-benzoquinone, suggesting that cellular environment modifies DNA adduct production by p-benzoquinone. These studies demonstrate that DNA adduct formation occurs in human bone marrow treated with benzene metabolites and suggest that P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling may be used to detect DNA adducts resulting from benzene exposure.
Index to Annual Reports
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Precautionary Statements on Purchasing Practices of Canadians Directly and Indirectly Affected by Food Allergies
Authors: S.S. Sheth, M. Ben-Shoshan, D.W. Harrington, L. Soller, L. Joseph, Y. St. Pierre, S.B. Godefroy, S.J. Elliott, S. Waserman, R. Alizadehfar
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The Beauty, the Beast, and the Breast
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of intravenous infusion of insulin in diabetics with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: R. S Clark
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a high mortality after myocardial infarction.To see whether this may be decreased by improved diabetic control the effect of an insulin infusion regimen was studied in patients with acute myocardial infarction.From April 1982 to April 1983,33 diabetics were admit- ted with acute myocardial infarction.Those being treated with diet alone or oral hypoglycaemic drugs continued with this unless control was poor, when they were changed to a "sliding scale" regimen of subcutaneous insulin injections thrice daily.Those already.receiving insulin were maintained on thrice daily subcutaneous injections.From April 1983 to April 1984, 29 diabetics had acute myocardial infarction.Those receiving treatment with oral hypoglycaemic drugs or insulin were changed to continuous intravenous infusion of insulin, the aim being to maintain the blood glucose concentration at 4-7 mmol/l (72-126 mg/100 ml).Those being treated with diet alone continued with this if blood glucose concentrations were acceptable.Total mortality fell from 42% in the first year to 17% in the second (p <0 05).Over the same period mortality among non-diabetic patients with myocardial infarction did not change significantly.There was a significant fall in cardiac arrhythmias (expressed as the percentage of patients in whom arrhythmias were recor- ded) from 42% to 17% (p <0 05).The most significant fall in the incidence of complications occurred in those who had been receiving oral hypoglycaemic drugs on entry to the study (87% to 50%, p <0 05).
Impact of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening on antenatal diagnosis
Authors: D J H Brock
Journal: BMJ (1982)

An analysis has been made of indications for amnio- centesis in the Edinburgh area from 1979 to 1981.About 5% of all mothers underwent the procedure.Among 2137 amniocenteses, 37% were performed on mothers 35 years old or more, and 30% on patients with raised serum x-fetoprotein.The total number of amniocenteses and the categories have been stable for the past three years.As a result of amniocentesis 104 pregnancies were terminated, 66 of which (63%) followed a raised maternal serum x-fetoprotein indication, while only 10 (9 6%) were in mothers aged 35 or more.There were a further 12 terminations based on raised serum ac-fetoprotein but where no amniocentesis had been thought necessary.Even when figures for anencephaly are excluded from the analysis, maternal serum x-fetoprotein screening was responsible for detecting 35 out of 63 (56%) abnormal fetuses.This constitutes a strong case for the continuation of x-fetoprotein screening programmes.
Patellofemoral pain
Authors: Kay M Crossley, Michael J Callaghan, Robbart van Linschoten
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2016)

Patellofemoral pain refers to pain behind or around the patella (also known as patellofemoral pain syndrome, anterior knee pain, runner's knee, and, formerly, chondromalacia patellae). Patellofemoral pain is common, accounting for 11-17% of all knee pain presentations to general practice.(1 2) While it typically occurs in physically active people aged <40 years, it also affects people of all activity levels and ages.(1 2) Patellofemoral pain can be diagnosed in the clinic, and evidence based treatments can reduce pain and improve function, allowing patients to maintain a physically active lifestyle.
First Call for AMA-RPS Annual Meeting
Journal: JAMA (1992)

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