tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SIMPLIFICATION OF WOODYATT METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE OPTIMAL DIABETIC DIET
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Osteoporosis in men
Authors: E. S. Orwoll
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1995)

ALTHOUGH osteoporosis has long been considered a disease of women, in the earliest reports of the epidemiology of osteoporosis it was apparent that the classical age-related increase in fractures seen in women is evident in men as well. Only in the last few years has it been recognized that the problem of osteoporosis in men represents an important public health issue and that it presents a unique array of scientific challenges and opportunities (1–3). Here we examine the issue of osteoporosis in men and compare its pathophysiology and clinical presentation with parallel processes in women. Women exhibit a dramatic increase in bone mass that begins during adolescence and is almost complete when puberty ends (4). In men, a similar relationship of bone mass accretion to adolescence holds, but the chronological onset of puberty is later in men than women, and the achievement of peak bone mass is also later. As a result of diverging growth trends (primarily during puberty), there are obvious sexual differences in adult skeletal morphology. The development of adult bone mass is dependent upon changes in both density and size, but sexual differences are, for the most part, related to differences in size. Skeletal dimensions in men are larger than those in women. For example, radial width and cortical thickness are considerably larger in men (5), femoral neck cross-sectional area is larger (6), and vertebral body cross-sectional area is larger (7). As a result, total body bone mineral is greater in men (3100-3500 g in young men vs. 2300–2700 g in young women) (8, 9). Although maximal adult mineral density is also frequently reported to be greater in men, this is primarily an artifact of the methods used for its measurement.
<i>The Principle and Practice of Operative Surgery</i>. By Stephen Smith, A. M., M. D., Professor of Clinical Surgery in the University of the City of New York; Surgeon to the Bellevue and St. Vincent’s Hospitals, New York; Consulting Surgeon to St. Elizabeth’s Hospital, to the Foundling Asylum, to the Infant’s Asylum; New York State Commissioner in Lunacy, &amp;c. New and thoroughly revised edition. Illustrated with one thousand and five woodcuts. Philadelphia: Lea Brothers &amp; Co., 1887
Authors: Robert W. Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1887)
Macrophage Functions after Exposure to Nonfibrous Mineral Dusts
Authors: F. Tilkes, E. G. Beck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The effects of the standard dusts, electrocorundum, and Dorentruper quartz (DQ12), as well as mine dusts have been tested in guinea pig lung macrophage cultures. The parameters compared were: release of lactic dehydrogenase for demonstration of plasma membrane permeability and production of lactic acid as an indicator of carbohydrate metabolism. In addition to the dose-dependent toxicity of different mine, coal and other mineral dusts, we studied the influence of cell culture media and the supplement of fetal calf serum (FCS) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) upon the cell toxicity in this test system. We demonstrated a protective effect of FCS and BSA on dusts of low and medium toxicity, while dusts of high toxicity, like DQ12, were not influenced in their toxicity.
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Jean E. Rinaldo, Robert M. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

In 1982, we reviewed current concepts of the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).1 At that time, the role of the intravascular activation of circulating blood leukocytes, especially granulocytes, was a topic of burgeoning interest. Observations that hemodialysis caused neutropenia, hypoxemia, and sequestration of granulocytes in the lung,2 that complement activation accounted for the phenomenon,3 and that complement activation predicted the onset of ARDS in patients4 had recently been reported. These reports suggested a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of ARDS: that complement activation caused activated granulocytes to adhere to and damage pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in . . .
<i>QuickStats</i>: Age-Adjusted Death Rates* for Males Aged 15–44 Years, by the Five Leading Causes of Death<sup>†</sup>— United States, 1999 and 2014
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2016)

The age-adjusted death rate for males aged 15-44 years was 10% lower in 2014 (156.6 per 100,000 population) than in 1999 (174.1). Among the five leading causes of death, the age-adjusted rates for three were lower in 2014 than in 1999: cancer (from 17.1 to 12.8; 25% decline), heart disease (20.1 to 17.0; 15% decline), and homicide (15.7 to 13.8; 12% decline). The age-adjusted death rates for two of the five causes were higher in 2014 than in 1999: suicide (20.1 to 22.5; 12% increase), and unintentional injuries (from 48.7 to 51.0; 5% increase).
Associations of Tibial Lead Levels with BsmI Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor in Former Organolead Manufacturing Workers
Authors: Brian S. Schwartz, Walter F. Stewart, Karl T. Kelsey, David Simon, Sunyeong Park, Jonathan M. Links, Andrew C. Todd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We evaluated associations of tibial lead levels with polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in 504 former organolead manufacturing workers with past exposure to lead. In this cross-sectional study, we measured tibial lead by (109)Cd K-shell X-ray fluorescence. Tibial lead was evaluated in subjects with different VDR genotypes defined using the BsmI restriction enzyme, adjusting for confounding variables. Study participants had a mean age +/- SD of 57.4 +/- 7.6 years. A total of 169 (33.5%) subjects were homozygous for the BsmI restriction site (designated bb), 251 (49.8%) were heterozygous (Bb), and 84 (16.7%) were homozygous for the absence of the restriction site (BB). Among all of the study subjects, tibial lead concentrations were low, with a mean +/- SD of 14.4 +/- 9.3 microg Pb/g bone mineral. There were only small differences in tibial lead concentrations by VDR genotype, with mean +/- SD tibial lead concentrations of 13.9 +/- 7.9, 14.3 +/- 9.5, and 15.5 +/- 11.1 in subjects with bb, Bb, and BB, respectively. In a multiple linear regression model of tibial lead concentrations, the VDR genotype modified the relation between age and tibial lead concentrations; subjects with the B allele had larger increases in tibial lead concentrations with increasing age (0.37, 0.48, and 0.67 microg/g per year of age in subjects with bb, Bb, and BB, respectively; the adjusted p-value for trend in slopes = 0.04). The VDR genotype also modified the relation between years since last exposure to lead and tibial lead concentrations. Subjects with bb evidenced an average decline in tibial lead concentrations of 0.10 microg/g per year since their last exposure to lead, whereas subjects with Bb and BB evidenced average increases of 0.03 and 0.11 microg/g per year, respectively (the adjusted p-value for trend in slopes = 0.01). Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor modified the relations of age and years since the last exposure to lead with tibial lead concentrations. Although controversy remains on the influence of the VDR genotype on bone mineral density, the data suggest that variant VDR alleles modify lead concentrations in bone, either by influencing lead content or calcium content or both.
The Skin
Authors: Alice Jones
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Ad Libitum15 June 1997The SkinAlice Jones, MDAlice Jones, MDOakland, CA 94618Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Our tent-like integumentbegins with childhood'svellum. Thenfresh-faced, resilient fruitrind becomes the slowlysagging flesh, pore-pockedopaque and spotted, reflectinghistory in expressive creasesof our common usage.The soft cloth sack, a flanneledsheath with russet pockets,tucks in, hem-likeat the edges, to demark our wet-textured, mucosa-linedcavities, our hiddenkid-soft selves. Unskinned, we're opento invasion, as if we slide offan old leather coat,fold the doughy, slack garmentacross one arm, and step out-a crate of beef-red muscleweeping serum, raw and uncontained.The pellicle becomes the line,me on my side,you on yours, safe insideour separate hides, the partwe call ourselves. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oakland, CA 94618Corresponding Author: Alice Jones, MD, 6239 College Avenue, Oakland, CA 94618. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCutaneous and Mucosal Manifestations Associated with Celiac Disease 15 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 12Page: 982KeywordsMuscles ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Phase I/II study of resiquimod as an immunologic adjuvant for NY-ESO-1 protein vaccination in patients with melanoma.
Authors: Rachel Lubong Sabado, Anna C. Pavlick, Sacha Gnjatic, Crystal M Cruz, Isabelita Vengco, Farah Hasan, Farbod Darvishian, Luis Chiriboga, Rose Marie Holman, Juliet Escalon, Caroline Muren, Crystal Escano, Ethel Yepes, Dunbar Sharpe, Sylvia Adams, Patrick Alexander Ott, Achim A Jungbluth, Linda S. Pan, Ralph Rudolph Venhaus, Nina Bhardwaj
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

9086 Background: The TLR 7/8 agonist, Resiquimod has been shown to induce local activation of immune cells, production of cytokines, and antigen-presentation by dendritic cells, features desirable for cancer vaccine adjuvants. In this study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of vaccination with NY-ESO-1 protein emulsified in Montanide ISA-51 VG when given with or without Resiquimod in surgically resected stage IIB-IV melanoma patients. Methods: This is a two-part study design. Part I represents an open-label dose-escalation with Resiquimod using 2 cohorts treated with 100ug NY-ESO-1 protein emulsified in 1.25mL Montanide (day1) followed by topical application of 1000mg of the 0.2% Resiquimod gel on days 1 and 3 for cohort-1 (N=3) or days 1, 3, and 5 for cohort-2 (N=3). The cycles were repeated every 3 weeks, total of 4 cycles. For part II of the study, patients were blindly randomized to receive 100ug NY-ESO-1 protein emulsified in 1.25mL Montanide (day1) followed by topical application of placebo gel (Arm-A; N=8) or 1000mg of 0.2% Resiquimod gel (Arm-B; N=12) using the dosing regimen established in Part I. Blood samples were collected at baseline, one week after each cycle of vaccination, and at follow-up visit for the assessment of NY-ESO-1-specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Results: The vaccine was generally well-tolerated, with no grade 4 adverse events or study-related deaths. Most study participants experienced mild adverse reactions reported as Grade 1 or 2 per CTCAE criteria v. 4. One patient experienced a grade 3 syncopal episode that was unrelated to the study drugs and another patient had a grade 3 injection site necrosis that was possibly related to the study drugs. NY-ESO-1 specific antibody responses were induced in both study arms although higher mean antibody titers were observed in Arm B. NY-ESO-1 specific CD4+ T cell responses were induced in patients in both study arms. However, significant NY-ESO-1 CD8+ T cell responses were detected only in Arm B. Conclusions: The current study shows that Resiquimod is safe and contributes to the induction of immune responses in patients. Clinical trial information: NCT00821652.
Anticoagulants in Acute Myocardial Infarction: Recurrent Myocardial Infarction and Death After Discontinuance of Anticoagulant Therapy
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SF3B1 Mutations Are Prevalent in Myelodysplastic Syndromes with Ring Sideroblasts but Do Not Hold Independent Prognostic Value
Authors: Mrinal M. Patnaik, Terra L Lasho, Janice M Hodnefield, Ryan A Knudson, Rhett P Ketterling, Aref Al-Kali, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, David P. Steensma, Animesh Pardanani, Curtis A Hanson, Ayalew Tefferi
Journal: Blood (2011)
Peer review in Prague. The International Congress on Biomedical Peer Review and Global Communications, 1997
Authors: D. Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1995)

When science operates well, the publication of research occurs after expert criticism and revision and is itself followed by unrestrained criticism from the scientists' peers: the readers. The existence of a rigorous peer review system is the best sign that science is functioning in an appropriate and nurturing environment. Recognizing the central position of editorial peer review in the scientific process, we at<i>JAMA</i>announced in 1986 that we intended to host a conference in 3 years at which the results of research into editorial peer review would be presented and discussed.<sup>1</sup>We received an enthusiastic response, and in 1989 the First Congress on Peer Review in Biomedical Publication was held in Chicago, under the auspices of the American Medical Association. Manuscripts developed from the research presentations were published in 1990.<sup>2</sup>In 1993 we held another conference in Chicago, receiving twice as many abstracts from which to choose
Neurology, Minneapolis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Neutrophil Function after Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls in vitro
Authors: Patricia E. Ganey, Jay E. Sirois, Michael Denison, J. Paul Robinson, Robert A. Roth
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to be immunotoxic, yet the effects on neutrophil (PMN) function are not well characterized. We incubated PMNs isolated from rat peritoneum with a mixture of PCB congeners, Aroclor 1242, in the absence or presence of either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to stimulate generation of superoxide anion (O2-) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) to induce degranulation (measured as release of beta-glucuronidase). Aroclor 1242 alone stimulated O2- production at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. Significant cytotoxicity was not observed under these conditions. This concentration of Aroclor 1242 also increased O2- generation in PMNs activated with 20 ng PMA/ml. In the presence of a concentration of PMA (2 ng/ml) that by itself did not stimulate production of O2-, 1 microgram Aroclor 1242/ml caused significant generation of O2-, indicating synergy between Aroclor 1242 and PMA. Aroclor 1242 caused release of beta-glucuronidase from quiescent PMNs; however, in PMNs stimulated with fMLP to undergo degranulation, Aroclor 1242 inhibited release of beta-glucuronidase. The effects of two PCB congeners, one that binds to the Ah receptor (3,3', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) and one that has little affinity for this receptor (2,2', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl) were examined. 3,3', 4,4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl had no effect on PMN function in vitro, whereas 2,2', 4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl had effects similar to those observed with Aroclor 1242. These results indicate that PCBs affect PMN function in vitro in a complex manner, stimulating or inhibiting function under different conditions. These effects are apparently not mediated through the Ah receptor.
An Address Delivered at the Opening of the Section of Pathology
Authors: W. H. Dickinson
Journal: BMJ (1891)

sense of }lis responsibility to his patient to do the best in his power for hiimii, anid of lhis responsibility to the law, wlhielh has entrusted tlhe,patient to hiis care.From this point of view I can see nio real lifference between miiechaniical restrainit and any other form of restraint wlhich lie constanitly employs in his treatment of hiis patients, or the use of powerful drugs and otlher mieans of treatment.Under suclh circumnstanices I naintain strongly that at tllis time of day regulation by statute of a pa-irticular form of treatment is unidesirable.In the earlier lunacy statutes, wlhen the abuses of restrainit were muclh nearer, nlo aittempt was made to restrict it by statute; the matter was left -as it slhould be-to the genieral progress of medical opinion.If it is maintained, oln the otlherlhand, that n.o righit shiould he allowed ever to use meclhanical restraint, that it shlld llbe absolutely forbidden by statute, that would b?e anl intelligible p)ositioni to take up, but one wlillch, I think, -any legislator would refuse to assume.I do not wislh to enter into a discussion sciS to the use of mecllanical restraint; for imy pul)pose it is sufficient that I tlhink wve are nearly all agreed thtat il is in certain cases a justifiable method of treatment.Tlhe all I plead for is freedom--freedom to use it as we use other means of treatment, witlhout being branded witlh doiing somentling whlichl it nieeds an Act of Parliament to re- strict, and( wlhichl is associated in the public mind with all sorts of abuses andhlorr-ors.The modern imildk forms of mechlaniical restrainit and the medical uses to wlichl they are put are as distinct from the old forms of -coercion as a modern lhospital for the insane is from tIn old( " madh(llouse "; and it is muclh to be regretted that this section, which gives colour to coinfouniding tIme twQ and to l)prpertu(-tilg old ideas and prejudices, should lhave founid a plalice in the1 latest Act of Parliamelnt as to the care of .theinsano.(g).Section 1138, subsection 1, empowering the Commis- missioners in Luinacy to make rules is objectioniable as beingo, very dangerously wide in its terms, anld opens the door (itdeed, h-as already openied it, as is evidenlt from the rules issued by tIe Comimissioners, on the Act coming into operation) to the Comm-iiissioiners under the head of rules, making kenactments wlichl in no sense differ from statutory ones, and have equal force.Throughout the Act, indeed, there is a distinct tendency to increase the powers and authority of the Commissioners, anid to draw more tightly the reins of official control, a tendency wlhiel, in my humble opinion, is in the wrong direction a,s regards the influence of medical ideas, especially if we bear in mind the great preponderance of the
Human Anatomy
Authors: W. J. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The liver has been studied extensively due to the broad number of diseases affecting its vital functions. However, therapeutic advances, especially in regenerative medicine, are currently hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning human hepatic cell development. Here, we addressed this limitation by describing the developmental trajectories of different cell types comprising the human fetal liver at single-cell resolution. These transcriptomic analyses revealed that sequential cell-to-cell interactions direct functional maturation of hepatocytes, with non-parenchymal cells playing critical, supportive roles during organogenesis. We utilised this information to derive bipotential hepatoblast organoids and then exploited this novel model system to validate the importance of key signalling pathways and developmental cues. Furthermore, these insights into hepatic maturation enabled the identification of stage-specific transcription factors to improve the functionality of hepatocyte-like cells generated from human pluripotent stem cells. Thus, our study establishes a new platform to investigate the basic mechanisms of human liver development and to produce cell types for clinical applications.