tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Can Communication Skills Training Alter Physicians’ Beliefs and Behavior in Clinics?
Authors: Valerie Jenkins, Lesley Fallowfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To measure the psychosocial attitudes and beliefs of physicians working within oncology in the United Kingdom and to examine whether beliefs alter after communication skills training. Additionally, to investigate whether physicians’ attitudes are reflected in communication behaviors with patients during interviews. METHODS: Ninety-three physicians completed a 32-item Physician Psychosocial Belief (PPSB) questionnaire at baseline (T1) before randomization to attendance at a 3-day residential communication skills course (n = 48) or a control group (n = 45). Three months later (T2), both groups completed another PPSB and a self-assessment questionnaire recording perceived changes in communication with patients. At both time points, physicians’ consultations with two consenting patients were videotaped. Communication behaviors were measured using the Medical Interaction Processing System. RESULTS: Physicians who attended the course showed significantly improved attitudes and beliefs toward psychosocial issues compared with controls (P = .002). This improvement was reflected in the analysis of the videotaped recordings of their communication behaviors with patients. Expressions of empathy were more likely for the course group at T2 than the controls (P = .02), as were open questions (P = .001), appropriate responses to patient cues (P = .005), and psychosocial probing (P = .041). These objective findings were supported by physicians’ self report of changes in communication style during interviews with patients. CONCLUSION: Our results show that a communication skills training intervention using behavioral, cognitive, and affective components not only increases potentially beneficial and more effective interviewing styles but can also alter attitudes and beliefs, thus increasing the likelihood that such skills will be used in the clinical setting.
Abstract 392: LKB-inactivated lung cancer cells exhibit dependency on INSL4 signaling
Authors: Rongqiang Yang, Steven W. Li, Zirong Chen, Xin Zhou, Wei Ni, Dongtao A. Fu, Jianrong Lu, Frederic J. Kaye, Lizi Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The LKB1 (STK11) tumor suppressor gene is commonly inactivated in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), a major form of lung cancer. Currently, no effective treatments are available for LKB1-inactivated lung cancer. Elucidation of critical signaling downstream of LKB1-inactivation has the potential to uncover rational therapeutic targets for this unique and prevalent molecular subset of lung cancers. In this study, we identified INSL4 (insulin-like 4), a member of the insulin/IGF/relaxin superfamily, as a novel downstream target of LKB1-deficiency through gene expression profiling analysis. We observed that INSL4 expression was highly induced through aberrant CRTC-CREB activation subsequent to LKB1 inactivation. INSL4 was highly expressed in human LKB1-deficient NSCLC cells and primary tumors while undetectable in all normal tissues except in the placenta. High INSL4 expression was associated with more advanced lung cancer and worse patient survival. INSL4 depletion inhibited the growth and viability of LKB1-null NSCLC cells in vitro and blocked the growth of lung cancer xenografts. Moreover, expression profiling identified an INSL4-regulated gene program that is associated with the regulation of cell cycle, growth, and survival. In conclusion, LKB1 deficiency induces an autocrine INSL4 signaling that critically supports the growth and survival of lung cancer cells. Therefore, aberrant INSL4 signaling is a promising therapeutic target for LKB1-deficient lung cancers. Citation Format: Rongqiang Yang, Steven W. Li, Zirong Chen, Xin Zhou, Wei Ni, Dongtao A. Fu, Jianrong Lu, Frederic J. Kaye, Lizi Wu. LKB-inactivated lung cancer cells exhibit dependency on INSL4 signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 392.
AIDS risk reduction among a multiethnic sample of urban high school students
Authors: H. J. Walter
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To evaluate the effectiveness of a teacher-delivered curriculum in favorably modifying acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—related knowledge and beliefs, self-efficacy related to AIDS-preventive actions, and involvement in AIDS risk behaviors among an eligible population of 1316 New York City high school students. <h3>Design.</h3> —Students in two pairs of demographically similar high schools were assigned to receive either a special six-lesson AIDS-preventive curriculum (intervention group) or no formal AIDS-preventive curriculum (comparison group). <h3>Participants.</h3> —Study participants were ninth- and 11th-grade students, 12 to 20 years of age (mean, 15.7 years), 41.5% male, and 72.1% black or Hispanic. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —The special curriculum focused on conveying facts about AIDS, fostering theoretically derived beliefs favorable to AIDS prevention, and teaching skills necessary for the successful performance of AIDS-preventive behaviors. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —AIDS-related knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and behaviors were assessed among students in intervention and comparison groups at study baseline and at 3 months' follow-up. <h3>Results.</h3> —Significant (albeit modest) effects favoring intervention were observed for knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and risk behavior scores. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —School-based AIDS-preventive curricula may play a role in curtailing transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus among multiethnic groups of urban adolescents; however, such curricula may need supplementation by a broader-based prevention effort to achieve substantial risk behavior change. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:725-730.
Calcium and Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction
Authors: CHARLES L. SEIDEL, DAVID F. BOHR
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Radioactive calcium flux in rabbit aorta was studied to evaluate factors regulating the movement of calcium into and out of the cell. Calcium content was estimated both from (1) the amount of 45 Ca present in the tissue and the specific activity of Ca in the bathing medium, and (2) determination of chemical calcium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Calcium efflux was followed by washing aortic strips previously loaded with 45 Ca in nonlabeled salt solution. Norepinephrine (10 -6 g/ml) caused a significant increase in the calcium content calculated from radioactive calcium activity, whereas isoproterenol (10 -8 g/ml) caused a significant decrease in calcium content. Measurements of efflux rates, first in calcium-free solution and subsequently in 1.6 m M Ca, demonstrated that norepinephrine delays calcium efflux into calcium-free solution and delays the rapid exchange of calcium that occurs upon exposure of muscle to a calcium-containing salt solution. Isoproterenol produced no significant change in these rates. These observations are compatible with the possibilities that norepinephrine causes contraction by decreasing calcium efflux and that isoproterenol causes relaxation by decreasing calcium influx.
Alterations of peroxisomes in steatosis of the human liver: A quantitative study*1
Authors: D DECRAEMER
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We investigated the hepatocellular peroxisomes in 27 patients with steatosis of the liver by means of catalase cytochemistry, light and electron microscopic study, and morphometry. Seven normal human livers were used as controls. In our patients, fatty liver was mainly associated with alcohol abuse or obesity. Indications for a slight decrease in catalase activity and for a proliferation were found by visual evaluation of the peroxisomes. Morphometric analysis showed a significant decrease in mean peroxisomal diameter (to 87%) and a simultaneous significant elevation in numerical density of the peroxisomes (to 188%); this resulted in a normal volume density and a significant increase (to 133%) in surface density. However, individual differences were found. No differences in peroxisomal characteristics were found between fatty livers of different causes. A significant inverse linear correlation between mean peroxisomal diameter and numerical density was found in patients with fatty livers. Because a similar correlation was also found when control data were added to the fatty liver data, we hypothesize that the peroxisomal compartment in human fatty livers is adapted in such a way to permit the same metabolic efficiency as in control livers.
The Human Genome Project?An Overview
Authors: D R Bentley
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

The human genome sequence will underpin human biology and medicine in the next century, providing a single, essential reference to all genetic information. The international program to determine the complete DNA sequence (3,000 million bases) is well underway. As of January 2000, 50% of the sequence is available in the public domain. A comprehensive working draft is expected this year, and the entire sequence is projected to be finished in 2003. DNA sequencing is carried out on mapped, overlapping bacterial clones of 150-200 kb. The working draft comprises assembled unfinished sequence and is released immediately in the public domain. The draft sequence of each clone is then completed, by closing any remaining gaps and resolving any ambiguities, before the entire sequence is checked, annotated, and submitted to the public databases. The sequence of each clone is finished to an accuracy of >99.99%. The availability of a reference sequence of the genome provides the basis for studying the nature of sequence variation, particularly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in human populations. SNP typing is a powerful tool for genetic analysis, and will enable us to uncover the association of loci at specific sites in the genome with many disease traits. SNPs occur at a frequency of approximately 1 SNP/kb throughout the genome when the sequence of any two individuals is compared. Programs to detect and map SNPs in the human genome are underway with the aim of establishing a SNP map of the genome during the next two years. The human genome sequence will provide a complete description of all the genes. Annotation of the sequence with the gene structures is achieved by a combination of computational analysis (predictive and homology-based) and experimental confirmation by cDNA sequencing. Detecting homologies between newly defined gene products and proteins of known function helps to postulate biochemical functions for them, which can then be tested. Establishing the association of specific genes with disease phenotypes by mutation screening, particularly for monogenic disorders, provides further assistance in defining the functions of some gene products, as well as helping to establish the cause of the disease. As our knowledge of gene sequences and sequence variation in populations increases, we will pinpoint more and more of the genes and proteins that are important in common, complex diseases. A more detailed understanding of the function of the human genome will be achieved as we identify sequences that control gene expression. Given the availability of gene sequences, the expression status of genes in particular tissues can be monitored in parallel. By comparing corresponding genomic sequences in different species (for example: man, mouse, chicken, and zebrafish), regions that have been highly conserved during evolution can be identified, many of which reflect conserved functions such as gene regulation. These approaches promise to greatly accelerate our interpretation of the human genome sequence.
New topical therapy for acne rosacea offers conspicuous improvement, no systemic effects
Authors: M. F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1989)

RED-NOSED "BABY BOOMERS" are now less likely to become a serious threat to the aesthetics of American life, thanks to recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of Metro-Gel, the first product specifically developed to treat acne rosacea. Metro-Gel (metronidazole, 0.75% topical gel) was developed by Curatek Pharmaceuticals, Elk Grove Village, Ill. Rosacea, a dermatologic disease whose etiology is unknown, typically affects fair-skinned men and women in their 30s and 40s who flush or blush easily. The red patches on forehead, cheeks, nose, and chin that typify the disorder wax and wane for reasons not understood. But spontaneous remission is rare and the problem generally worsens without treatment. <h3>Ah, yaaas...</h3> Commonly called "adult acne," the disease is characterized by the progressive development of erythema, telangiectasia, edema, papules and pustules, and finally rhinophyma, the bright pink proboscis that was prominent on bibulous-acting comedian W. C. Fields. This typical feature is probably
Allergy abstracts
Authors: David Stein Suffern, Harold Friedman, Andre Codispgti Suffern, N Monroe, Coleman Stamford, C Juana, Calif Glendora, Walzer Eugene, N Middleron, N Sheldon Berger Freehold, Y Robert, Jersey Lin, N City, Kahn Bert, Tex Tyler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1983)
Correction
Journal: BMJ (1958)

ANY QUESTIONS?BJomun was no waning in the degree of immunity afforded by the vaccines.Taking all the vaccines together, the attack rates in 'home exposures' at six-monthly intervals after vaccina- tion showed no evidence of increasing two and a half to three years after vaccination (Table VIII)."I know of no reliable figures, based on large numbers, where the observation of the vaccinated was continued for more than three years.
Dry eye
Authors: L. Tong, J. Tan, J. Thumboo, G. Seow
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 30 year old woman visits her general practitioner complaining of itchy eyes for six months, aggravated by computer use in her job as a clerk. Dry eye is a common multifactorial condition of the tear and ocular surface. In ambulatory settings it may commonly result from increased tear evaporation (resulting from, for example, blepharitis or contact lens wear); tear hyposecretion (from, for example, age related or anticholinergic drugs); and mucous dysfunction (mucus secreting goblet cells in the conjunctiva may be damaged after previous infectious conjunctivitis). Severe dry eye resulting from systemic diseases is uncommon in primary care but conditions predisposing to dry eye should be documented (box ). ### History
TUMORS OF THE BRAIN.DISCUSSION ON PAPERS OF DRS. KENDIG AND WOLFSTEIN, AND BROWN AND KEEN.
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term anticoagulant therapy after myocardial infarction. Final report of the Veterans Administration cooperative study
Authors: R. V. Ebert
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In a cooperative study involving 15 Veterans Administration hospitals, patients with acute myocardial infarction were divided into two groups by random selection. One group was treated with an anticoagulant, the other served as control. All of the 785 patients included in the report were followed for two years or until their death, and more than one half were followed for five years. Results indicate that anticoagulant therapy reduces the death rate significantly during the first three years after an acute myocardial infarction. However, survival rates converge after the third year, and by the fifth year there is no difference in survival of treated and untreated groups. Therapy appeared to be more effective in patients who had experienced more than one infarction. The incidence of recurrent infarction and congestive heart failure was less in the group treated with anticoagulants.
THE PRESENCE OF THE BACILLUS TYPHOSUS IN THE URINE IN TYPHOID FEVER.
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Dermatology
Authors: William A. Caro
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This text represents the largest systematic presentation of dermatology in the English language, and its four editors and 179 contributors have compiled a source that includes four volumes of text and a fifth volume that contains an extensive index. The volumes are in pegged loose-leaf form to allow for the planned annual revisions of individual sections. The text follows a classification by anatomic location or pathologic mechanism and concentrates on individual disease entities, with a relatively uniform presentation of synonyms, definition, history, incidence, etiology and pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, pathology, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prognosis. Many major sections are preceded by an introductory section dealing with relevant fundamental material—eg, epidermal function and biology preceding the section on epidermal diseases and the physiology of blister function prior to the section on bullous diseases. The text, comprehensive in scope, covers a vast number of specific dermatologic entities and a great many
JAMA Cardiology
Authors: Phil Fontanarosa, Annette Flanagin, Brenda Gregoline, Tracy Frey, Iris Lo, Kevin Brown, Amanda Ehrhardt, M Newman, Suzanne Walker, Connie Manno, Sara Billings, Timothy Gray, Paul Ruich, Kirby Snell, Sam Wilder, Freelance Copy, Catherine Copyreaders, Stephanie Alden, Jane Beckmeyer, Jan Calayag, Mary Clavey, Paula Coerver-Connolly, Laura Glitman, Regina King, Judy Lilly, Rebecca Majewski, Thressa Ritke, Divya Smith, Donna Sreekumar, Christine Thordsen, Caroline Tilles, Aggie Woods, Wanda Assistant, Larry Bryant, Jacob Kendall-Taylor, Monica Managers, Fanny Staff, Anna Brown, Lee Bukowski, Lenette Calibeo, Tosca Gardner-Gullens, Erin Hall, Rachell Kato, Caroline Lozano, Angelia Sietmann, Michael Berkwits, Eric Butkus, Michelle Kurzynski, Elena Guobyte, Emily Ling, Jesse Mcquarters, Daniel Morrow, Social Media, Eman Hassaballa, Reuben Rios, Mary Ferkaluk, Karen Bucher, Andy Rekito, Nick Reback, Lohitha Kethu, David Song, Deputy Livingston, Thomas Cole, Marla Hall, Deanna Willis, Yolanda Davis, Joseph Thornton, Deanna Bellandi, Jim Periodical, Thomas Easley, Brian Shields, Karen Adams-Taylor, Paul Gee, Monica Smith, Jeff Ery, J Bonistalli, Kathy Russell, Mirna Monal, Stacey Mchugh, Tim Melroy, Marketing Thornbury, Tricia Classifi, Anna Manager, Thalia Moss, Sade Deramus-Townsend, Tony Ralenkotter, Saskia Bolore, Gretchen Linder, Brian Mccartney, Christine Hearne, Natasha Staff, David Baum, Morgan Osgood, Ron Thomas, Rick Bell, Elizabeth Solaro, Sara Zimmerman, Geoff Rey, Lindsay Dawson, Ellen Gibson, Sam Ismail, Craig Mccaff Rey, Michael Mcgraw, Daniel Pickhardt, Romando Rossini, Sarah Subramanian, Stacy Business, Analyst Sirisha, Alluri Staff, Millette Jackson-Bates, Tom Miller, James Madara, Howard Bauchner, Robert Bonow, Patrick O'gara, Marc Sabatine, Clyde Boston, Michael Pencina, Carolina North, Adrian Hernandez, Mhs Durham, North Carolina, Mark Huff Man, Ajay Kirtane, New York, Roxana Mehran, Ann Navar, Carolina Christopher, J O'donnell, Massachusetts Boston, J Sanjiv, Mintu Shah, Gregg Fonarow, Los Angeles, Elizabeth Mcnally, Laine Thomas, Julia Getts, Eugene Braunwald, Robert Califf, Judith Hochman, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Scm Chicago, Michael Parmacek, Daniel Simon, Sidney Smith, Chapel Hill, Carolina Douglas, E Vaughan, Myron Weisfeldt, Maryland Douglas, P Zipes, Paul Armstrong, Shinya Goto, Peter Liu, Renato Lopes, Carolina Maseri, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Hugh Watkins, Harvey White, Habib Yacoub
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2019)
Corticosteroid crystals in synovial fluid
Authors: C. B. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The definitive diagnosis of gout and pseudogout often rests upon the microscopic demonstration of the specific crystal. However, other structures may be found in the synovial fluid which may be confused with sodium urate or calcium pyrophosphate; these include calcium oxalate crystals, collagen fibrils or cartilage fragments, cholesterol crystals, metallic fragments after prosthetic arthroplasty, and microcrystalline corticosteroid esters. Artifacts such as scratches in slides or cover slips, and dirt particles may require differentiation. Proper interpretation of crystals found in synovial fluid depends, among other things, upon awareness of preceding intraarticular injections crystalline material such as corticosteroid esters. The morphologic and birefringent properties of corticosteriod crystals vary with the specific preparation: Steroid crystals occasionally produce transient clinical synovitis.
Radiologists revise mammography guidelines
Authors: B. Merz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The American College of Radiology (ACR) has issued revised guidelines for mammography that it hopes will result in increased use of that modality in screening for breast cancer. Actually, the new guidelines contain only two substantial departures from the previous guidelines, which were drafted in 1976: (1) The recommended frequency of screening mammograms for women older than 40 years has been increased from once every two to three years to once every one to two years. (2) The recommended dosage of radiation has been reduced to less than 1 rad to the midbreast for a two-view examination. These revisions are expected to alleviate some of the fears concerning radiation exposure generated by a 1976 report issued by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) advising that "the routine use of mammography may take almost as many lives as it saves." That statement was derived from data from two sources. A study conducted