tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Notices
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Corticosteroids alone or in conjunction with azathioprine is the treatment of choice in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and results in remission induction in over 80% of patients. Sustained response to therapy may result in substantial regression of fibrosis even in advanced cases. The outcome of rapid withdrawal of immunosuppression is disease relapse in many patients. Consequently, the use of 2 mg/kg/d of azathioprine as a sole agent to maintain remission has been widely accepted in clinical practice. Persistent severe laboratory abnormalities or histologic abnormalities such as bridging necrosis or multilobular necrosis are absolute indications for treatment based on controlled clinical trials, but debate exists as to whether all patients with AIH need treatment. Examination of liver tissue remains the best method of evaluating both treatment response and need for treatment in patients who have little biochemical activity. Alternative strategies in patients who have failed to achieve remission on “standard therapy” of corticosteroids with or without azathioprine or patients with drug toxicity include the use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or mycophenolate mofetil. Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice in managing decompensated disease. In this review we examine current management strategies of AIH, and evaluate available data pertaining to the use of novel immunosuppressive agents in this condition. (HEPATOLOGY 2002;35:7-13.)
Diabetic Diet—1971
Journal: JAMA (1971)

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Gynecology.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

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American Surgeon, Baltimore
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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THERAPEUTIC VALUE OF THE CACODYLATES.
Journal: JAMA (1902)

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A CASE ARBITRATION.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

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Acute sodium fluoride poisoning
Authors: A. R. Abukurah
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Severe acute sodium fluoride poisoning occurred in a man following the ingestion of 120 gm of sodium fluoride (NaF). Toxic reactions included tetany, multiple episodes of ventricular fibrillation, and esophageal stricture. The management of this case resulted in the patient's survival. To our knowledge, no similar case has been found in the literature.
Abstract 65: β-Adrenergic Signaling Promotes Survival and Proliferation of Mouse Cardiac Progenitor Cells Prior to Lineage Commitment
Authors: Mohsin Khan, Sadia Mohsin, Daniele Avitabile, Jonathan Nguyen, Natalie Gude, Mark A Sussman
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Rationale: Short term β-adrenergic stimulation promotes contractility in response to stress, but is ultimately detrimental in the failing heart due to accrual of cardiomyocyte death. Endogenous myocardial repair may partially offset cardiomyocyte losses, but consequences of long term β-adrenergic drive upon myocardial repair and regeneration are unknown. Objective: Modest recovery of cardiac contractility following long term β-adrenergic blockade in the clinical setting may depend, in part, upon restoration of endogenous repair therefore we sought to determine the relationship between β-adrenergic activity and regulation of cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) function and influence upon myocardial repair. Methods and results: Mouse and human CPCs express only β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) in conjunction with stem cell marker c-kit. Activation of β2-AR signaling promotes proliferation associated with increased Akt phosphorylation, up-regulation of eNOS and cyclin D1, and decreased levels of GRK2. Conversely, silencing of β2-AR expression or treatment with β2-antagonist ICI 118, 551 impairs proliferation and survival. β1-AR expression in CPC is induced by differentiation stimuli, sensitizing CPC to isoproterenol-induced cell death that is abrogated by the β1-AR specific antagonist metoprolol. Efficacy of β1-AR blockade by metoprolol to increase CPC survival and proliferation was confirmed in vivo by adoptive transfer of CPC into failing mouse myocardium, concomitant with increased ejection fraction, fractional shortening and hemodynamic performance. Conclusions: β-adrenergic stimulation promotes expansion and survival of CPCs through β2-AR, but acquisition of β1-AR upon commitment to the myocyte lineage results in loss of early myocyte precursors and ineffective myocardial repair. Thus, β1-AR-specific blockade is likely to provide for enhanced CPC participation in recovery of function in the failing heart.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: An international, multi-institutional analysis of prognostic factors and lymph node assessment.
Authors: T. M. Pawlik, C. Pulitano, S. Alexandrescu, T. C. Gamblin, C. Ferrone, G. Sotiropoulos, H. Marques, T. W. Bauer, J. Gigot, G. Mentha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

162 Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a rare and poorly understood primary liver cancer. The role of routine lymphadenectomy at the time of surgical resection remains poorly defined. We sought to identify factors associated with outcome following surgical management of ICC and examine the impact of lymph node (LN) assessment on survival. Methods: 411 patients who underwent curative intent surgery for ICC between 1973-2010 were identified from an international multi-institutional database. Clinical and pathologic data were evaluated using uni- and multivariate analyses. Results: Median tumor size was 6.5 cm. Most patients had a solitary tumor (55%) and no evidence of vascular invasion (64%). Resection involved ≥hemi-hepatectomy (74%) and margin status was R0 (82%). Overall median survival was 28 months and 5-year survival was 32%. Factors associated with adverse prognosis included positive margin status (HR=3.11; p&lt;0.001), multiple lesions (HR=2.16; p=0.007) and vascular invasion (HR=2.13; p=0.01). Tumor size was not a prognostic factor (HR=1.05; p=0.08). Lymphadenectomy was performed in 233 (57%) patients; 87 (37%) had LN metastasis. LN metastasis was associated with worse outcome (median survival: N0 39 months vs. N1 21 months; p=0.02). Preoperative factors such as tumor size, number, and morphologic subtype did not predict presence of LN metastasis (all p&gt;0.05); however, vascular invasion did (OR=2.24; p=0.003). Conclusions: While tumor size provides no prognostic information, tumor number, vascular invasion, and LN metastasis were associated with survival. Presence of LN metastasis cannot be predicted using preoperative tumor features. Lymphadenectomy should be routinely performed for ICC as up to one-quarter of patients will have LN metastasis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
COPYRIGHTED.
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acid Fog: Effects on Respiratory Function and Symptoms in Healthy and Asthmatic Volunteers
Authors: Jack D. Hackney, William S. Linn, Edward L. Avol
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Acidic air pollutants generally are dissolved in water droplets. Mean droplet diameter may range from more than 10 microns in dense fog to less than 1 micron at low relative humidity. Droplet size influences the deposition of inhaled acid within the respiratory tract and thus may influence toxicity. To help assess health risks from acid pollution, we performed controlled exposures of normal and asthmatic volunteers to sulfuric acid aerosols at nominal concentrations of 0 (control), 500, 1000, and 2000 micrograms/m3. Exposures lasted 1 hr with intermittent heavy exercise. Response was assessed by lung function tests and symptom questionnaires. Under foggy conditions (mean droplet size 10 microns, temperature 50 degrees F), no marked effects on lung function were found. However, both normal and asthmatic subjects showed statistically significant dose-related increases in respiratory symptoms. In a separate study, normal subjects exposed at 70 degrees F with mean droplet size 0.9 microns showed no marked effect on function or symptoms. Asthmatics showed dose-related decrements in forced expiratory performance and increases in symptoms, most obvious at 1000 and 2000 micrograms/m3. The different results of the two studies probably reflect an influence of droplet size, but further investigation is needed to confirm this. The aggregate results suggest that only mild, if any, short-term respiratory irritant effects are likely at acid concentrations attained in ambient pollution.
Sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: T. A. Peterman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

AN ESTIMATED 16 000 people in the United States will develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1986.<sup>1</sup>Already, an estimated 0.5 to 1.7 million people in the United States have been infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (also known as the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III [HTLV-III] and the lymphadenopathy-associated virus [LAV]).<sup>1-3</sup>Blood donor deferral, HIV-antibody screening, and heat treatment of factor concentrates will largely prevent further transmission of HIV to recipients of these products, but blood recipients represent only 2% to 3% of all AIDS cases.<sup>1</sup>Sexual contact has been the route of transmission of the virus in over 78% of all AIDS cases. Moreover, the prevalence of infection with HIV is already almost 70% in at least one group of sexually active gay men.<sup>4</sup>In the absence of a vaccine or therapy, the major hope for preventing transmission is the adoption of
Esophageal tuberculosis
Authors: R. Fagundes, R. Dalcin, M. Rocha, C. Moraes, V. Carlotto, M. Wink
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Esophageal tuberculosis is very rare. Most of the reported cases have been secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. With the increased incidence of tuberculous infection linked to AIDS, it is important to be aware of this condition [1]. Esophageal tuberculosis may present in three forms at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: ulcerative, hyperplastic, or granular. The ulcerative form presents as ulcers with irregular margins and membranous necrotic bases. The hypertrophic form occurs as a consequence of fibrosis of the esophageal wall with a pseudotumoral presentation, which can be difficult to distinguish from a malignancy. The granular form presents as small and verrucous grayish nodules with some ulceration [1] [2].
Deficiency of CD73/Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase Enhances Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Petya Chernogorova, Hiroki Tsukamoto, Korcan Ayata, Ulrike V. Gerlach, Ankur Rughani, Jayanthi Ganesan, Marie Follo, Linda F. Thompson, Marco Idzko, Robert Zeiser
Journal: Blood (2011)
Thrombophlebitis
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Alison E. Burke, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Thrombophlebitis Blood clots can form in arteries or veins.When inflammation due to a blood clot occurs in a vein, it is called thrombophlebitis.Thrombophlebitis usually occurs in the veins of the legs.Rarely, it can occur in the veins of the arms or neck.Superficial (on the surface) thrombophlebitis occurs in the visible veins just under the skin.The area of inflammation is usually reddened, tender, and warm to the touch and can be painful.The extremity may swell and fever may occur.Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is more dangerous than superficial thrombophlebitis.Deep venous thrombosis often cannot be seen or felt by the individual.Swelling of the extremity or fever may alert a person to the presence of a DVT, especially if risk factors for DVT exist.Pulmonary embolism, a condition that can be fatal, results from a DVT that becomes loose in the venous system and travels to the lungs.There, it blocks proper blood flow to the lungs and decreases oxygen levels in the body.The July 26, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about thromboembolism (clots being carried by the bloodstream).This Patient Page is based on one previously published in the August 10, 2005, issue of JAMA.
MILKY ASCITES IN HEPATIC SYPHILIS
Journal: JAMA (1920)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Defects in nuclear structure and function promote dilated cardiomyopathy in lamin A/C–deficient mice
Authors: Vesna Nikolova, Christiana Leimena, Aisling C. McMahon, Ju Chiat Tan, Suchitra Chandar, Dilesh Jogia, Scott H. Kesteven, Jan Michalicek, Robyn Otway, Fons Verheyen, Stephen Rainer, Colin L. Stewart, David Martin, Michael P. Feneley, Diane Fatkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Laminopathies are a group of disorders caused by mutations in the LMNA gene that encodes the nuclear lamina proteins, lamin A and lamin C; their pathophysiological basis is unknown. We report that lamin A/C–deficient (Lmna–/–) mice develop rapidly progressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) characterized by left ventricular (LV) dilation and reduced systolic contraction. Isolated Lmna–/– myocytes show reduced shortening with normal baseline and peak amplitude of Ca2+ transients. Lmna–/– LV myocyte nuclei have marked alterations of shape and size with central displacement and fragmentation of heterochromatin; these changes are present but less severe in left atrial nuclei. Electron microscopy of Lmna–/– cardiomyocytes shows disorganization and detachment of desmin filaments from the nuclear surface with progressive disruption of the cytoskeletal desmin network. Alterations in nuclear architecture are associated with defective nuclear function evidenced by decreased SREBP1 import, reduced PPARγ expression, and a lack of hypertrophic gene activation. These findings suggest a model in which the primary pathophysiological mechanism in Lmna–/– mice is defective force transmission resulting from disruption of lamin interactions with the muscle-specific desmin network and loss of cytoskeletal tension. Despite severe DCM, defects in nuclear function prevent Lmna–/– cardiomyocytes from developing compensatory hypertrophy and accelerate disease progression.
Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, December 1, 1970, to January 1, 1971
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1971)

Journal Article Manuscripts Approved for JNCI, December 1, 1970, to January 1, 1971 Get access JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 46, Issue 2, February 1971, Pages 446–447, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/46.2.446-b Published: 01 February 1971
Correction: Herpetic proctitis and sacral radiculomyelopathy
Journal: BMJ (1979)

for peptic ulcer, and the three patients in our study who had undergone vagotomy and drainage or gastric resection all needed frequent dilatations during both placebo and cimetidine treatment periods.Since our results show that cimetidine benefits oesophagitis, however, it seems reasonable to hope that a longer period of treatment might lessen the need for dilatation.We are indebted to Dr P D James for the histopathological reports, and to Smith Kline and French Laboratories Ltd for the placebo and cimetidine tablets.